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807 Jenis-Jenis Pohon Penyusun Vegetasi Hutan JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 807 - 813 JENIS-JENIS POHON PENYUSUN VEGETASI HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DI SEMENANJUNG KAMPAR KECAMATAN TELUK MERANTI PROVINSI RIAU (Tree Species of Peat swamp Forest Vegetation in Semenanjung Kampar Subdistrict Riau Province) Ripin, Dwi Astiani, Burhanuddin Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura Jl. Daya Nasional, Pontianak 78124 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Peat swamp forest in Semenanjung Kampar Riau is a unique ecosystem because it has a huge plant diversity and high diversity species. The decreasing of natural forest cover on peat swamp forest Semenanjung Kampar was influenced illegal-logging activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the tree species of peat swamp forest vegetation in Semenanjung Kampar Teluk Meranti sub-district Riau. The method used in this research was survey purposive determination starting poin. The survey consisted of 5 transect that length at 2 km. The results showed that trees species found in Semenanjung Kampar was 70 trees species, that were classified into 38 famili. Dipterocarpaceae was found with the highest number of species which were Anisoptera marginata Korth, Shorea platicarpa Heim, Shorea teysmanniana Dyer ex Brandis, Shorea uliginosa Foxw, dan Vatica teysmanniana Burck. Overall, the research showed that the peat swamp forest at Semenanjung Kampar is in a good state and to be maintained. Keywords : Dipterocarpaceae, Diversity species, Identification, Peat Swamp Forest. PENDAHULUAN terasidifikasi. Gambut tropis terdiri Indonesia memiliki area rawa dari bahan-bahan organik, seperti gambut terluas di daerah tropis, cabang, batang dan akar pohon, yang dengan perkiraan luas 21 juta ha belum terdekomposisi, atau sebagian (Wahyunto,2006). Lahan gambut di terdekomposisi. Berdasarkan tipe Indonesia seluas 21 juta hektar atau pembentukannya, pada umumnya tipe menduduki urutan ke empat dalam gambut di Indonesia adalah katagori lahan gambut terluas di ‘ombrogenous’, yaitu permukaan atas dunia setelah Kanada, Uni Soviet dan gambut dikelilingi oleh daratan dan Amerika. Hutan rawa gambut tidak ada hara yang masuk ke dalam merupakan tipe ekosistem yang unik sistem dari tanah mineral atau dari dan memiliki karakter yang khas. dasar atau dari air, sehingga vegetasi Hutan rawa gambut terletak pada yang tumbuh diatasnya menggunakan daerah dengan curah hujan cukup hara hanya dari biomassa hidup, dari tinggi, drainase buruk sehingga selalu gambut atau dari air hujan untuk tergenang dan substrat yang kebutuhan hara tidak sepenuhnya 807 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 807 - 813 tergantung pada air hujan (Sorensen, bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi 1993; Jauhiainen, 2005). jenis-jenis pohon penyusun vegetasi Vegetasi yang menyususn hutan rawa gambut di Semenanjung ekosistem hutan gambut merupakan Kampar Kecamatan Teluk Meranti spesies-spesies tumbuhan yang selalu Riau sehingga dapat menyediakan hijau. Kebanyakan flora pada hutan data guna upaya mempertahankan gambut mengalami modifikasi keberadaan hutan rawa gambut perubahan bentuk tubuh sesuai khususnya pada kawasan dengan kebutuhannya seperti Semenanjung Kampar Kecamatan memiliki akar nafas untuk Teluk Meranti Riau. memperoleh oksigen di habitat rawa METODE PENELITIAN gambut yang hampir selalu tergenang Penelitian ini dilakukan di (MacKinnon dkk, 2000). Melihat dari Semenanjung Kampar Kecamatan sebaran hutan gambut tersebut tentu Teluk Meranti Riau, dengan masing-masing tempat memiliki menggunakan metode jalur keragam flora yang cukup bervariasi eksplorasi, dengan penentuan titik dan memiliki tumbuhan yang khas. awal secara purposive dan koleksi Hutan gambut memang miskin unsur herbarium yang dilakukan dengan haranya, namun dilihat dari jelajah (Rugayah, 2004). Objek dalam keanekaragaman flora yang ada di penelitian ini adalah semua jenis dalamnya relatif tinggi dengan vegetasi yang terdapat dilokasi kekhasan dan keunikanya masing- penelitian, sedangkan pohon yang masing. Kondisi tanah dan keadaan menjadi kriteria adalah pohon yang lantai hutan yang lembab dan hampir berdiameter 5 cm ke atas. Adapun selalu tergenang, juga dapat alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam mempengaruhi bentuk dan sifat pada penelitian ini kamera, ATK, teropong, tumbuhan. Beberapa jenis-jenis GPS dan kompas, parang, peralatan pohon yang dilindungi berada di pengumpulan spesimen seperti galah, hutan rawa gambut kini terancam kain hitam dan gunting stek, Alkohol punah seperti diantarannya jenis 70 % atau spiritus, kertas Koran, Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), kantong plastic, cuter, isolasi dan Jelutung (Dyera lowii) dan banyak label (alat dan bahan dalam jenis dari meranti (Shorea spp) yang pembuatan herbarium), Phi-band, diakibatkan oleh penebangan selama Tallysheet, peta lokasi dan buku puluhan tahun lalu. identikasi pohon. Pengukuran pohon Berdasarkan uraian diatas tentu pada setiap jalur dengan jarak 20 m, menjadi masalah dalam mengenal dan 10 m ke kanan dan 10 m ke kiri. mengidentifikasinya serta mengetahui Pengambilan contoh herbarium jenis-jenis pohon yang tersisa akibat pada lokasi penelitian hanya illegal logging tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan sekali untuk setiap 808 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 807 - 813 jenisnya. Apabila ditemukan jenis nama ilmiah sesuai Binomial yang sama pada jalur selanjutnya Nomenclature beserta nama lokalnya maka hanya dilakukan pendataan dan penulisan dikelompokan pada jenis tersebut. Analisis data berdasarkan familinya dilakukan dengan cara pencatatan HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ciri-ciri morfologi generatif maupun Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang vegetatif secara detail pada semua dilakukan di Semenanjung Kampar jenis pohon yang ditemukan lansung ditemukan 70 jenis pohon yang di lapangan yang dicatat ke dalam menjadi penyusun vegetasi gambut di tally sheet pengamatan. Lalu Semenanjung Kampar dan termasuk dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan kedalam 38 famili. Daftar pohon melakukan identifikasi jenis pohon. yang ditemukan pada tiap jalur Kemudian data yang diperoleh pengamatan tersaji pada Tabel 1 dimasukan kedalam tabel daftar jenis berikut ini : pohon yang ditulis menggunakan Tabel 1. Daftar pohon yang ditemukan pada tiap jalur pengamatan (List of trees found in each obserbvation transect) N0 Jalur Pengamatan Jumlah Jenis Pohon Ketebalan Gambut (m) 1 J.1 27 6,59 2 J.2 26 8,96 3 J.3 30 6,45 4 J.4 30 7,58 5 J.5 35 5,78 Source : Analized Data, 2016. Tingkat keasaman gambut jenis pohon yang ditemukan pada cenderung menurun dengan seluruh jalur pengamatan dikelompokan peningkatan ketebalan gambut, hal itu berdasarkan famili masing-masing. tentu mempengaruhi keragaman jenis Berikut nama jenis pohon yang pohon yang tumbuh diatasnya. Jenis- ditemukan. Tabel 2. Daftar keseluruhan jenis pohon yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian (Total tree species found in research area) Jalur N0 Famili Nama Ilmiah Nama Lokal 1 2 3 4 5 Campnosperma coriaceum (Jack) Hallier f. Terentang √ √ √ 1 Anacardiaceae Glutha rengas L. Rengas √ Mangifera parvifolia Merr. Asam-asam √ √ √ √ √ 2 Anisophyllaceae Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq) Danser. Perepat √ √ Maasia sumatrana (Miq) Mols.Kessler & Topis √ Rogstad. 3 Annonaceae Xylopia fusca Maingay ex Hook.f & Empisang √ √ Thomson. Polyalthia sp Krasik √ √ 4 Apocynaceae Alstonia spatulata Blume. Pulai √ Ilex cymosa Blume. Kelat putih √ √ √ √ 5 Aquifoliaceae Ilex hypoglauca Loes. Kelat putih √ √ 6 Bonnetiaceae Ploiarium alternifolium (Vahl) Melch. Jonger √ 809 JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI (2017) Vol. 5 (3) : 807 - 813 Jalur N0 Famili Nama Ilmiah Nama Lokal 1 2 3 4 5 7 Burseraceae Dacryodes rugosa (Blume) H.J.Lam. Kemayu √ √ Calophyllum ferrugineum Ridl. Bintangur √ 8 Calophyllaceae Calophyllum venulosum Zoll. Bintangur √ Parastemon urophyllus (Wall. Ex.A. DC) A. Kelat malas √ √ √ 9 Chrysobalanaceae DC. Garcinia bancana Miq. Sikup √ √ Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. Ex Manggis √ 10 Clusiaceae T.Anderson. bakau Garcinia rostrata (Hassk) Miq. Manggis hutan √ Garcinia vidua Ridl. Manggis hutan √ √ 11 Dilleniaceae Dillenia exelca (Jack) Martelli ex Gilg. Simpur laki √ √ √ Anisoptera marginata Korth. Mersawa √ Shorea platicarpa Heim. Meranti kait √ 12 Dipterocarpaceae Shorea teysmanniana Dyer ex Brandis. Meranti lilin √ √ √ √ √ Shorea uliginosa Foxw. Meranti bakau √ √ √ √ √ Vatica teysmanniana Burck. Resak √ Diospyros siamang Bakh. Kayu malam √ √ √ √ 13 Ebenaceae Diospyros sumatrana Miq. Kayu balam √ Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A.Gray. Merawa √ 14 Elaeocarpaceae Syn.Elaeocarpus Paniculatus Wall. Blumeodendron Kurzii (Hook.f) J.J.Sm ex Tempurung √ √ √ √ Koor & Valeton bintang 15 Euphorbiaceae Tempurung √ Blumeodendron tokbrai (Blume) Kurz. bintang Macaranga caladifolia Becc. Mahang √ √ Archidendron clypearia (Jack) I.C.Nielsen. Petai monyet √ √ 16 Fabaceae Ormosia sumatrana (Miq) Prain Kensut √ 17 Fagaceae Lithocarpus ewyckii (Roxb) Rehder. Mempening √ √ Tembesuh √ 18 Gentianaceae Fagraea racemosa Jack. gajah Actinodapne glabra Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Medang √ Bat. 19 Lauraceae Litsea gracilipes Hemsl. Medang √ √ Litsea grandis (Nees) Hook.f. Medang √ Nothaphoebe coriacea (Kosterm.) Kosterm. Medang √ √ √ Durio carinatus Mast. Durian √ √ 21 Malvaceae Sterculia gilva Miq. Kelumpang √ √ 22 Meliaceae Aglaia rubiginosa (Hiern) Pannell. Para-para √ √ √ √ 23 Moraceae Parartocarpus venenosa Becc. Buruni √ √ √ Horsfieldia crassifolia (Hook.f. & Darah-darah √ √ √ √ √ Thomson) Warb. 24 Myristicaceae Knema glauca Warb. Darah-darah √ Knema intermedia Warb. Darah-darah √ Myristica lowiana King. Kumpang bulu √ Syzygium chloranthum (Duthie) Merr. & Jambu √ √ √ √ √ L.M.Perry. Syzygium glaucum
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