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Bulletin of the Geological Society of America Vol. 69 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 69. PP, 316-342. 8 FIGS.. 8 PUS. MARCH 1968 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COW HEAD REGION, WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND BY C. H. KINDLE AND H. B. WHITTINGTON ABSTRACT Seashore exposures in the Cow Head area display a succession of limestone conglom- erates interbedded with shales and limestones. Conglomerate layers range in thickness from 1 foot to more than 200 feet. The material consists of flat angular chips or moder- ately rounded boulders of fine-grained gray or white limestone. Fossiliferous boulders from any one layer yield trilobites of the same limited age. Boulders from the lowest fossiliferous conglomerate at Broom Point contain Kootenia, Zacanthoides, Orriella, Agraulos, and Peronopsis. Succeeding bedded limestone yields Meneviella and Tomagnostus. A boulder in the overlying conglomerate also contained Meneviella and Tomagnostus. Cambrian conglomerates at Cow Head yield younger trilobites in successive layers: Tricrepicephalus appears in the lower, then Taenicephalus, followed by Ctenopyge, Ra- settia, and Keithietta. Above are beds with Staurograptus and Dictyonema, overlain by conglomerates with early Ordovician trilobites. Successively higher black shales contain graptolites of the Levis Shale zones, and inter- bedded conglomerates yield successively younger Ordovician trilobites. Shale with Tri- gonograptus and Isograptus underlies the highest conglomerate which yields Ntteus, Bathyurellus, Remopleurides, and Ectenonotus. The thick limestone conglomerate at Lower Head includes enormous boulders, one of which contains many of the trilobites described by Billings (1861-1865) as from Cow Head. This layer is underlain by black shale with Isograptus. The Cow Head Group, therefore, is not a single formation but a succession of con- glomerates and intervening beds ranging in age from Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordo- vician. With few exceptions the boulders of any conglomerate are approximately the same age as the immediately underlying strata. The limestones of the fossiliferous boul- ders formed in shallow water; the beds intervening between the conglomerate layers formed in deeper water and consequently are almost devoid of fossils other than grap- tolites. CONTENTS TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure Page Introduction and acknowledgments 316 \ J^aP sh™ing ****** of Cow Head rfgion • 3^ General statement on stratigraphy 316 \ Geological map of Coww Head peninsula.... 320 Details of stratigraphy 319 4 stratigraphic columns 321 V^UPnwW ilctlHparQl r«>nin«aiipclllIlSUlcal Ol310" - Ordoviciai .• n of Cow Head region and its cor- •JTQ c*- Pfl.ipo tnlpt l?f\ relation Jzo Martin Point 330 5' Ordovician sections, St. Paul's Inlet 329 6 Sect on at Martin Po int 33 Green Fob? ^33321 ^'- Sectio! n at Broom Poin. t 33° 3 •22T 8. Rocks of Lower Head 335 OJ4 White Rock Islets 333 Plate Following page Lower Head 334 1. Cow Head Group on Cow Head... Discussion of stratigraphy 335 2. Cow Head Group on Cow Head. Nomenclature of Cow Head Group 335 3. Cow Head Group on Cow Head, and ex- Zonation and correlation with other areas... 337 posures at Green Point. P. 322 Relation of Cow Head Group to other se- 4. Boulder in bed 6, Cow Head, and con- quences 339 glom erate at Lower Head J Origin of the conglomerates 340 5. Ordovician beds at Martin Point and Lower References cited 341 Head 326 315 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/69/3/315/3416704/i0016-7606-69-3-315.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 316 KINDLE AND WHITTINGTON COW HEAD REGION, NEWFOUNDLAND Plate Following page TABLES 6. Ordovician conglomerate, Cow Head and Table Page Lower Head 1. Stratigraphical classification in the Cow 7. Contemporaneous deformation at Green!- 326 Head region 317 Point j 2. Correlation of Cambrian faunas of the Cow 8. Middle Cambrian beds at Broom Point. J Head region 319 INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Geological Society of America for grant 671-55 of the Penrose Bequest which enabled Schuchert and Dunbar (1934) provided the them to undertake the field work. Whittington foundation on which geologic mapping in received a grant from the Harvard Foundation western Newfoundland was conducted by the for Advanced Study and Research which made Geological Survey of Newfoundland for the it possible for him to study type specimens of next 12 years. In 1938, 1939, and 1945 Kindle trilobites described by Billings (1861-1865), was invited to assist Dr. Helgi Johnson in this through the kind permission of Dr. H. Frebold work. Limestone conglomerates encountered at the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa. were regarded, in part, as puzzling thrust The hospitality and assistance of many breccias. friends in western Newfoundland, and Mrs. In 1952 Kindle again visited the Cow Head Whittington's contributions to the fossil collec- area to assemble dip and strike data for the tion are gratefully acknowledged. John Fox iil drilling interests. These data indi- cated an orderly arrangement in the supposedly GENERAL STATEMENT ON STRATIGRAPHY chaotic Cow Head "breccia." In the same year Philip Oxley of the Geological Survey of New- Schuchert and Dunbar (1934) described the foundland discovered a layer of Middle Cam- outcrops on Cow Head peninsula and adjacent brian agnostids at Broom Point in a block areas in detail, and "were forced to interpret which had fallen from strata between layers of these lenticular masses of coarse breccia as the limestone conglomerate. This led to the realiza- materials of talus and landslides formed along a tion that some of the Cow Head conglomerates fault scarp that came into existence during must be Middle Cambrian. Oxley also found Mid-Ordovician orogeny" (p. 84). They also Endymionia, a Table Head trilobite, in thin- recognized that a sequence of shales, silt- bedded limestones below limestone conglom- stones, and limestones cropped out at Martin erates at the Inner Tickle of St. Paul's Inlet. Point, Broom Point, and St. Paul's Inlet but Thus some of the limestone conglomerates considered that this sequence belonged to the must be Middle Cambrian, others Middle Green Point Series of earliest Ordovician age Ordovician. A reinvestigation of the stratig- and was older than the St. George Series raphy of the conglomerates and associated (Table 1; Schuchert and Dunbar, 1934, p. 39). strata in the Cow Head area is necessary to Johnson (1941) was the first to show that provide a secure foundation for proposed these rocks were, in the Cow Head region, faunal studies. Lower and Middle Ordovician and thus a Accordingly the writers spent 7 weeks in different facies from the St. George and Table 1955 in western Newfoundland. On Cow Head Head Series. He proposed two new strati- peninsula and at near-by exposures abundant graphical names (Table 1) and commented evidence was found that the Cow Head lime- that there were several horizons of intraforma- stone conglomerates range from Middle Cam- tional conglomerates as well as the Cow Head brian to Middle Ordovician. The structure and breccia (1941, p. 143). stratigraphy of Cow Head peninsula are so at Oxley (1953) published the first detailed map variance with published views that a prelim- of the region between Portland Creek Pond and inary report is advisable. The identifications of Martin Point, using a combination and emenda- fossils herein are preliminary, and the faunas tion of earlier Stratigraphical divisions (Table will be described in detail in a later publication. 1). He recognized two facies in the Lower Detailed topographical maps of the region Ordovician—the Green Point-St. Paul Group are not available, but the Hydrographic Office and the St. George-Table Head Group—and charts are useful for the coastal regions. Aerial regarded the Cow Head Breccia as overlying photographs, scale 2 inches to 1 mile, are both. obtainable from the National Air Photo The 1954 map of the Newfoundland Depart- Library in Ottawa, Canada. ment of Mines and Resources, Mines Branch, The writers are indebted to the Council of Geological Survey shows undifferentiated Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/69/3/315/3416704/i0016-7606-69-3-315.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 GENERAL STATEMENT ON STRATIGRAPHY 317 Ordovician rock in this area; the 1955 map of Cambrian to Middle Ordovician time. Oxley the Department of Mines and Technical Sur- (1953, p. 11) was the first to list Middle Cam- veys, Geological Survey of Canada leaves the brian trilobites from this region. These are area blank. Fossils from the Cow Head region said to come from a boulder in a conglomerate TABLE 1.—STEATIGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION IN THE Cow HEAD REGION Schuchert and Dunbar (1934) This Lochman (1938) Johnson (1941) Oxley (1953) paper c Humber Arm Series Un- a e Cow Head Breccia Humber Arni Group Humber Arm Group named Long Point Series Cow Head Breccia green Middl rdovici Table Head Series Portland Head St. Paul's sand- 0 Group Group stones St. George Series Table Head Western Table Head St. Paul 'G Group Brook St. George Green Pond Group Point -ao O Group Group Cow Green Point Series St. George Green o Group Point Group Head ac ' O 1-1 G -g Petit Jardin Formation ? Group | s March Point Formation ? P have been listed by Schuchert and Dunbar but actually came from a block of the bedded (1934), Kindle (1943), Ruedemann (1947), and limestone which had fallen to the shore. The Oxley (1953). Descriptions of Cambrian and writers found Middle Cambrian trilobites in Early Ordovician trilobites have been published bedded limestones and also in conglomerate by Billings (1861-1865), Raymond (1925), boulders. Upper Cambrian trilobites have been Lochman (1938), Kindle (1942; 1948), and found only in boulders in younger conglomerate Rasetti (1954). layers. In the Ordovician part of the sequence The writers believe that on Cow Head the writers established a zonal sequence of peninsula and certain adjacent coastal regions graptolites from finds of these fossils in the (Fig.
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