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Residential Segregation and Its Effects on the Socio- Economic Activities of Residents in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

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Residential Segregation and Its Effects on the Socio- Economic Activities of Residents in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SOCIO- ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF RESIDENTS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, NIGERIA BY Bilkisu F. AIMOLA PH.D/SOC-SCI/23348/2012-2013 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN SOCIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: DR. A. S. MALIKI– CHAIRMAN, PROF. M. B. YUNUSA - MEMBER DR. Y. K GANDU - MEMBER NOVEMBER, 2017 DECLARATION I, Bilkisu F. Aimola hereby declare that this thesis titled ―Residential Segregation and its Effects on the Socio-Economic Activities of Residents in Kaduna Metropolis‖ is a build-up on my M.SC dissertation titled ―Inter-Religious Crisis and Residential Segregation in Kaduna Metropolitan Area‖. This thesis is a record of my own research work and it has not been submitted in this form to any institution for an award of a degree or a diploma. All quotations and sources of information have been duly acknowledged and referenced. ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Bilkisu F. AIMOLA Date Student Ph.D/SOC-SCI/23348/2012-2013 ii CERTIFICATION This thesis titled ―Residential Segregation and its Effects on the Socio-Econmic Activities of Residents in Kaduna Metropolis‖ meets the requirements of the regulations governing the award of Doctor of Philosophy Degree of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary insight. ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- Dr. A. S. Maliki Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee ----------------------------------------------- -------------------------- Prof. M. B. Yunusa Date Member, Supervisory Committee ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- Dr. Y.K Gandu Date Member, Supervisory Committee --------------------------------------------- -------------------------- Dr. A. S. Maliki Date Head, Department of Sociology, ABU, Zaria ------------------------------------------- -------------------------- Prof. Kabir Bala Date Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies, ABU, Zaria iii DEDICATION This Thesis is dedicated to the Almighty God and those residents whose socio- economic activities have been affected negatively due to change in neighbourhoods within Kaduna metropolis. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give all the praise and glory to the God Almighty who saw me through the entire study. For journey mercies, good health, strength, grace and the opportunity to conduct this study to this point, I give Him thanks. My deepest appreciation goes to my supervisors, Dr A.S. Maliki, Prof M.B. Yunusa and Dr Y.K. Gandu who continually and undeniably exhibit the spirit of adventure towards research and enthusiasm to teaching. Without their guidance and persistent assisstance, this thesis would not have been possible. My profound gratitude to the entire family of the Department of Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. You have all indeed proved that your love knows no bounds and have demonstrated that there is strength in unity. This work would not have been complete without the cooperation and support of my family that was a very strong pillar and epitome of encouragement during the course of this study. For that, I am eternally grateful to you all. I equally thank my employers, Kaduna Polytechnic and colleagues at the institution for their supports and encouragement in numerous ways. v TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……….………………………………………………………..…..………i DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... ii CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................ iii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background to the Study ................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the Research Problem ................................................................. 6 1.3. Research Questions .......................................................................................... 9 1.4. Aim and Objectives of the Study ..................................................................... 9 1.5. Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 10 1.6. Scope of the Study ......................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK `2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Residential Segregation: A Conceptual Review ............................................ 12 2.3. Empirical Review: The Driving Forces that Explain the Movement from one Neighbourhood to another. ..................................................................... 22 2.4. Effects of Movement on Housing Tenancy Status ........................................ 29 2.5. Effects of Movement on Residents‘ Interpersonal Relationships .................. 36 2.6 Effects of Movement on Residents‘ Participation in Informal Sector Economic Activities ....................................................................................... 48 2.7 Encouraging Multi Ethno-religious Neighbourhoods among Residents ....... 54 2.8 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................. 64 CHAPTER THREE:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 73 3.2. Research Design ............................................................................................ 73 3.3. The Study Location ........................................................................................ 74 3.4. Types and Sources of Data ............................................................................ 76 3.5. Techniques of Data Collection ...................................................................... 77 3.5.1 Validity of the instrument .............................................................................. 79 vi 3.5.2 Reliability of the instrument .......................................................................... 79 3.6. Population and Sampling Technique ............................................................. 80 3.6.1. Inclusion Criteria ........................................................................................... 86 3.6.2. Exclusion criteria .......................................................................................... 86 3.7. Techniques of Data Analysis ......................................................................... 86 3.8. Problems Encountered in the Field ................................................................ 88 CHAPTER FOUR:DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 91 4.2 Factors that Explain Change in Neighbourhoods in Kaduna metropolis ...... 96 4.2.1. Period the change in neighbourhood took place ............................................ 97 4.2.2 Respondents views on whether respondents would revert to previous neighbourhood should normalcy return to the metropolis ............................. 99 4.2.3. Reasons for change in Neighbourhood ........................................................ 102 4.2.4. Geography of Movement within Neighbourhoods ...................................... 106 4.2.5 Effects of Movement on Housing Tenancy Status in Kaduna Metropolis .. 109 4.2.5.1 Change in housing occupancy status of respondents in the present neighbourhood ............................................................................................. 109 4.2.5.2 The fate that befell respondents‘ houses in the previous locations ............. 114 4.2.5.3 House sale by respondents in the previous neighbourhood ......................... 115 4.2.5.4 Houses that were rented out in the previous neighbourhood of respondents .................................................................................................. 119 4.2.5.5 Access to housing by respondents in the present neighbourhood ............... 120 4.2.5.6 Housing rent payable by respondents in the present neighbourhood .......... 124 4.2.5.7 Change in children‘s school by respondents in the present neighbourhood ............................................................................................. 128 4.2.5.8 Children‘s academic performance in schools in the present neighbourhood ............................................................................................. 131 4.2.5.9 Cost in transportation fare to and fro schools in the present neighbourhood ............................................................................................. 134 4.2.5.10 Places of work of respondents ....................................................................
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