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Download PDF 6.94 MB Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Understanding the Impacts of Cruise Ship Tourism on Marginalized Populations: The Case of Jamaica Kristin Marie Murray Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC POLICY UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF CRUISE SHIP TOURISM ON MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS: THE CASE OF JAMAICA By KRISTIN MARIE MURRAY A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Kristin Marie Murray defended this dissertation on June 15, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: Petra Doan Professor Directing Dissertation Ralph Brower University Representative Tisha Holmes Committee Member John Felkner Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For Grandma Tot who sat with a crying six-year-old little girl struggling to learn to read and for my teacher and learning center director, Ms. Forster, who later let that little girl read the entire library without paying a single late fee. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS After only two years and a complete change of topic, today is the day: the day I can write this note of thanks for all the support I have received that has brought me here. It has not been an easy road to traverse and as Robert Frost would say, “I chose the road less traveled.” It is time to reflect on those that have made this journey a profoundly positive educational experience and yet the most challenging task I have completed to date. I would first like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Petra Doan, who provided insight and much needed solutions for the innumerable roadblocks throughout my entire graduate education. Your support and guidance will not be forgotten. I would also like to thank all my professors and colleagues in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning. You were all willing to help and talk me through problems and made me a better planner for those discussions and challenges throughout my time at DURP. In addition, I would like to thank my professors and my co-workers at Lewis University who accepted my shortcomings and made me a scholar. When I didn’t even think I could graduate with my bachelor’s degree, you lifted me up and reminded me that mistakes were not terminal. You provided me the tools to go to graduate school and choose the right path for me. This dissertation would have not happened without the people of Jamaica. The people of Jamaica helped me fall in love with their gregarious spirit and lively culture. I would like to say a special thanks to Mr. William Tatham, Vice President, Cruise Shipping and Marina Operations The Port Authority of Jamaica, who opened the gates of each port for me to conduct my research and spoke to me for hours about Cruise Ship tourism in Jamaica. I would also like to say thank you to Wayne, my driver, that drove me everywhere, with only few questions, and stayed with me during my many hours of observation in each of the towns. He also knew the best jerk chicken carts around. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends that have supported me during this process. A special thanks to Michael, Jean, and Michelle, all of whom made important contributions to my success from sitting up with me while grading videos to providing support for my dissertation to making me leave my computer for a few hours. Thank you to my brother, Robert, and sister-in-law, Mary, who paved the way towards a doctoral degree first. Special thanks to my parents, who provided me with my life-long love of learning. My undying gratitude to my sister, Karilyn, whose contributions to my dissertation and my education is impossible to measure, from dog sitting to driving me to the airport to listening to me cry in frustration. No one was more important to me finishing my dissertation than her. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………….....1 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE………………………………………………………………..21 3. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………......42 4. OBSERVATIONAL FINDINGS……………………………………………………………48 5. FINDINGS- INTERVIEWS…………………………………………………………………83 6. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX……………………………...……………...101 7. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS………..……….112 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................131 A. HUMAN SUBJECTS APPROVAL DOCUMENTATION ................................................131 B. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ................................................................................................133 C. DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FROM INTERVIEWS .............................................134 References ....................................................................................................................................135 Biographical Sketch .....................................................................................................................145 v LIST OF TABLES Table 4. 1 Observations of Social Impacts on Community Members ...........................................82 Table 5. 1 Visualization of the Emerging Themes on Residents near Cruise Ship Ports ............100 Table 6. 1 Sample Social Impact Assessment .............................................................................102 Table 6. 2 Social Impact Assessment for Montego Bay ..............................................................104 Table 6. 3 Social Impact Assessment for Falmouth ....................................................................106 Table 6. 4 Social Impact Assessment for Ocho Rios ...................................................................110 Table 6. 5 Social Impact Assessment for Fishing Village Project ...............................................111 Table 7. 1 Visualization of Theory for Social Impacts on Residents near Cruise Ship Ports in Jamaica .........................................................................................................................................113 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 1 Map of the cruise ship ports in Jamaica ........................................................................2 Figure 1. 2 Total visitors to Jamaica from 1926-1966, taken Tourist Trade Development Board reports ..............................................................................................................................................7 Figure 1. 3 Total versus cruise ship passenger visitors to Jamaica from 1970-2016, taken from Annual Reports of the Jamaica Tourist Board .................................................................................8 Figure 4. 1 Example of historical story board found throughout Jamaica .....................................48 Figure 4. 2 Ocho Rios is known for its waterfalls and green foliage.............................................48 Figure 4. 3 Public beach near the all-inclusive hotel ....................................................................49 Figure 4. 4 Areas of interest in Ocho Rios, Jamaica ......................................................................50 Figure 4. 5 Reynolds Pier from Margaritaville's beach .................................................................51 Figure 4. 6 Sidewalk from Reynold's Pier towards downtown Ochi (notice the car parked on the sidewalk ahead) ..............................................................................................................................51 Figure 4. 7 Turtle Bay Pier ............................................................................................................52 Figure 4. 8 Wide, clean sidewalks from the pier to Island Village ................................................53 Figure 4. 9 View of Island Village from the special events pavilion ............................................54 Figure 4. 10 Beginning of the tourist area on Main Street. Notice the clean streets and well- defined sidewalks ...........................................................................................................................55 Figure 4. 11 The beginning of the old section of Ocho Rios, which is service-oriented and aimed towards local populations. The clocktower is in the distance. .......................................................55 Figure 4. 12 Sidewalk on the far side of the local market. The parking is informal, and the sidewalks are missing sections.......................................................................................................56 Figure 4. 13 Signage stating that stores at Taj Mahal shopping area are approved by the Jamaican Tourist Board .................................................................................................................................56 Figure 4. 14 An example of
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