DOCSLIB.ORG

Virtualizing Servers with Xen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Virtualizing Servers with Xen Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Virtualizing servers with Xen Evaldo Gardenali VI International Conference of Unix at UNINET Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Outline Virtualization Xen Features Scalability Performance Quality of Service Implementation Future of Xen Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Overview Why? Support heterogeneous environments: Linux r 2.4 e 2.6, NetBSD r , Plan9 r FreeBSD r , OpenSolaris r Consolidate work Legacy Systems Gradual Upgrade Service Isolation Quality of Service Isolated testing and development Ease of administration Ease of relocation and migration Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Virtualization Techniques Single System Image: Ensim r , Vservers, CKRM, VirtuozzoTM, BSD r jail(), Solaris r Zones √ Groups processes in “resource containers” Hard to get isolation × Emulation: QEMU, Bochs √ Portable Extremely slow × Virtualization: VMware r , VirtualPC r √ Runs unmodified Operating Systems Virtualizing x86 is inefficient × User Mode Kernel: User Mode Linux, CoLinux Guest runs as a process on the host OS × Low performance (I/O, context switches) × Paravirtualization: Xen r , Denali √ Excellent performance Requires port to special architecture × Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Virtualization Techniques Single System Image: Ensim r , Vservers, CKRM, VirtuozzoTM, BSD r jail(), Solaris r Zones √ Groups processes in “resource containers” Hard to get isolation × Emulation: QEMU, Bochs √ Portable Extremely slow × Virtualization: VMware r , VirtualPC r √ Runs unmodified Operating Systems Virtualizing x86 is inefficient × User Mode Kernel: User Mode Linux, CoLinux Guest runs as a process on the host OS × Low performance (I/O, context switches) × Paravirtualization: Xen r , Denali √ Excellent performance Requires port to special architecture × Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Virtualization Techniques Single System Image: Ensim r , Vservers, CKRM, VirtuozzoTM, BSD r jail(), Solaris r Zones √ Groups processes in “resource containers” Hard to get isolation × Emulation: QEMU, Bochs √ Portable Extremely slow × Virtualization: VMware r , VirtualPC r √ Runs unmodified Operating Systems Virtualizing x86 is inefficient × User Mode Kernel: User Mode Linux, CoLinux Guest runs as a process on the host OS × Low performance (I/O, context switches) × Paravirtualization: Xen r , Denali √ Excellent performance Requires port to special architecture × Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Virtualization Techniques Single System Image: Ensim r , Vservers, CKRM, VirtuozzoTM, BSD r jail(), Solaris r Zones √ Groups processes in “resource containers” Hard to get isolation × Emulation: QEMU, Bochs √ Portable Extremely slow × Virtualization: VMware r , VirtualPC r √ Runs unmodified Operating Systems Virtualizing x86 is inefficient × User Mode Kernel: User Mode Linux, CoLinux Guest runs as a process on the host OS × Low performance (I/O, context switches) × Paravirtualization: Xen r , Denali √ Excellent performance Requires port to special architecture × Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Virtualization Techniques Single System Image: Ensim r , Vservers, CKRM, VirtuozzoTM, BSD r jail(), Solaris r Zones √ Groups processes in “resource containers” Hard to get isolation × Emulation: QEMU, Bochs √ Portable Extremely slow × Virtualization: VMware r , VirtualPC r √ Runs unmodified Operating Systems Virtualizing x86 is inefficient × User Mode Kernel: User Mode Linux, CoLinux Guest runs as a process on the host OS × Low performance (I/O, context switches) × Paravirtualization: Xen r , Denali √ Excellent performance Requires port to special architecture × Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Advantages of Virtualization Advantages For Administrators Service Isolation, minimizing damages Failure Isolation Ease of Administration Quality of Service enforcement For Hosting providers and datacenters Offer “Virtual Private Server” services Raise Aggregated Value Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Advantages of Virtualization Advantages For Administrators Service Isolation, minimizing damages Failure Isolation Ease of Administration Quality of Service enforcement For Hosting providers and datacenters Offer “Virtual Private Server” services Raise Aggregated Value Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Advantages of Virtualization Costs! Purchase or rent of equipments Rack Space Colocation costs Energy Consumption Downtime Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Overview Xen architecture Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Adopted Technique Paravirtualization X86 has 4 operation modes (rings) Traditional OSes run on 2 rings: 0 and 3 OS/2 uses/used 4 rings Hypervisor runs in ring 0 Operating System kernels: ring 1 ou 2 Privileged operations done via hypercalls Needs to be ported to ring 1 or 2 User processes: ring 3 Runs without any modification* Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Xen Architecture Xen Architecture characteristics Kernel runs in ring 1 or 2 Userland runs unmodified in ring 3 Privileged operations through hypercalls Device access done through hypercalls Linux 2.4 Port: less than 3000 lines of code Linux 2.6 Port did not modify any “core” files. Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Xen Architecture Xen 3.0 roadmap AGP in Domain 0 ACPI in Domain 0 SMP Guests Architectures: x86 64, IA64, IBM POWER r Intel VT-x (Vanderpool) and AMD Pacifica Better management tools Network structure optimization Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Hardware Access Hardware access in Xen systems Domain 0 accesses devices with “native” drivers, through hypercalls Domain Us access virtual devices exported by Domain 0 Safe asynchronous access through shared memory “Zero-copy” Implementation Network: Use of regular bridging and routing techniques Block Devices: Domain 0 exports any block device (sda4,loop0,vg3,md2,...) Access by Privileged Domain Us Native access through hypercalls Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Hardware Access Hardware access in Xen systems Domain 0 accesses devices with “native” drivers, through hypercalls Domain Us access virtual devices exported by Domain 0 Safe asynchronous access through shared memory “Zero-copy” Implementation Network: Use of regular bridging and routing techniques Block Devices: Domain 0 exports any block device (sda4,loop0,vg3,md2,...) Access by Privileged Domain Us Native access through hypercalls Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Hardware Access Hardware access in Xen systems Domain 0 accesses devices with “native” drivers, through hypercalls Domain Us access virtual devices exported by Domain 0 Safe asynchronous access through shared memory “Zero-copy” Implementation Network: Use of regular bridging and routing techniques Block Devices: Domain 0 exports any block device (sda4,loop0,vg3,md2,...) Access by Privileged Domain Us Native access through hypercalls Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Isolation and Contention Device Isolation “Virtual” Virtual PCI Configuration Space Virtual Interrupts Failures don’t affect other domains It is safe to reboot a domain without affecting others example root@julia:˜# lspci 00:0a.0 Multimedia audio controller: Ensoniq 5880 AudioPCI root@julia:˜# Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Supported OSes Xen 2.0 Supported Operating Systems Systems ported to Xen x86 Operating System Domain 0 Domain U Linux r 2.4 √ √ Linux r 2.6 √ √ NetBSD r 3.0 √ √ Plan9 r √ FreeBSD r √ OpenSolaris r √ Windows r √ Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Balloon Dynamic memory management Idle Linux r domain can consume as low as 4MB RAM Maximum memory footprint configurable at run-time from Domain 0 Better use of memory, avoiding Swap Control under Domain 0 (xm) or Domain U (/proc/xen/balloon) Balloon Auto-Control Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Pausa de dom´ınios Pause: temporary interruption Interrupts domain execution Stays ready to resume xm pause dom´ınio xm unpause dom´ınio Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Pausa de dom´ınios Save: domain suspension Interrupts domain execution Saves machine state (RAM, registers) to a file Destroys the running domain Can be used when upgrading domain0 xm save dom´ınio arquivo xm restore arquivo Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Live Migration Live Migration Transfers a running OS to another host “Downtime” of a few milliseconds! Obeys bandwidth limits Needs shared devices between source and target machines Simple! xm migrate –live –resource 70 DominioA OutroHostXen 70Mbit Limit Virtualization Xen Features Escalabilidade Performance QoS Implementation Future Live Migration Live Migration: How It Works Virtualization
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Virtual Machine Technologies and Their Application in the Delivery of ICT
    Virtual Machine Technologies and Their Application In The Delivery Of ICT William McEwan accq.ac.nz n Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology Christchurch, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT related areas - a virtual machine or network of virtual machines can be specially configured, allowing an Virtual Machine (VM) technology was first ordinary user supervisor rights, and it can be tested implemented and developed by IBM to destruction without any adverse effect on the corporation in the early 1960's as a underlying host system. mechanism for providing multi-user facilities This paper hopes to also illustrate how VM in a secure mainframe computing configurations can greatly reduce our dependency on environment. In recent years the power of special purpose, complex, and expensive laboratory personal computers has resulted in renewed setups. It also suggests the important additional role interest in the technology. This paper begins that VM and VNL is likely to play in offering hands-on by describing the development of VM. It practical experience to students in a distance e- discusses the different approaches by which learning environment. a VM can be implemented, and it briefly considers the advantages and disadvantages Keywords: Virtual Machines, operating systems, of each approach. VM technology has proven networks, e-learning, infrastructure, server hosting. to be extremely useful in facilitating the Annual NACCQ, Hamilton New Zealand July, 2002 www. Annual NACCQ, Hamilton New Zealand July, teaching of multiple operating systems. It th offers an alternative to the traditional 1. INTRODUCTION approaches of using complex combinations Virtual Machine (VM) technology is not new. It was of specially prepared and configured OS implemented on mainframe computing systems by the images installed via the network or installed IBM Corporation in the early 1960’s (Varian 1997 pp permanently on multiple partitions or on 3-25, Gribben 1989 p.2, Thornton 2000 p.3, Sugarman multiple physical hard drives.
    [Show full text]
  • OLD PRETENDER Lovrenc Gasparin, Fotolia
    COVER STORY Bochs Emulator Legacy emulator OLD PRETENDER Lovrenc Gasparin, Fotolia Gasparin, Lovrenc Bochs, the granddaddy of all emulators, is alive and kicking; thanks to regular vitamin jabs, the lively old pretender can even handle Windows XP. BY TIM SCHÜRMANN he PC emulator Bochs first saw the 2.2.6 version in the Universe reposi- box). This also applies if you want to the light of day in 1994. Bochs’ tory; you will additionally need to install run Bochs on a pre-Pentium CPU, such Tinventor, Kevin Lawton, distrib- the Bximage program. (Bximage is al- as a 486. uted the emulator under a commercial li- ready part of the Bochs RPM for open- After installation, the program will cense before selling to French Linux ven- SUSE.) If worst comes to worst, you can simulate a complete PC, including CPU, dor Mandriva (which was then known always build your own Bochs from the graphics, sound card, and network inter- as MandrakeSoft). Mandriva freed the source code (see the “Building Bochs” face. The virtual PC in a PC works so emulator from its commercial chains, re- leasing Bochs under the LGPL license. Building Bochs If you prefer to build your own Bochs, or an additional --enable-ne2000 parameter Installation if you have no alternative, you will first to configure. The extremely long list of Bochs has now found a new home at need to install the C++ compiler and de- parameters in the user manual [2] gives SourceForge.net [1] (Figure 1). You can veloper packages for the X11 system. you a list of available options.
    [Show full text]
  • Practice Test Version 1.8 LPI 117-101: Practice Exam QUESTION NO: 1 CORRECT TEXT
    LPI 117-101 117-101 LPI 101 General Linux, Part I Practice Test Version 1.8 LPI 117-101: Practice Exam QUESTION NO: 1 CORRECT TEXT You suspect that a new ethernet card might be conflicting with another device. Which file should you check within the /proc tree to learn which IRQs are being used by which kernel drives? Answer: interrupts QUESTION NO: 2 How many SCSI ids for peripherals can SCSI-1 support? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 Answer: C Explanation: SCSI-1 support total 7 peripherals. There are several different types of SCSI devices. The original SCSI specification is commonly referred to as SCSI-1. The newer specification, SCSI-2, offers increased speed and performance, as well as new commands. Fast SCSI increases throughput to more than 10MB per second. Fast-Wide SCSI provides a wider data path and throughput of up to 40MB per second and up to 15 devices. There there are Ultra-SCSI and Ultra-Wide-SCSI QUESTION NO: 3 You need to install a fax server. Which type of fax/modem should you install to insure Linux compatibility? Test-King.com A. External Serial Fax/modem B. External USB Fax/modem C. Internal ISA Fax/modem D. Internal PCI Fax/modem Answer: A QUESTION NO: 4 You are running Linux 2.0.36 and you need to add a USB mouse to your system. Which of the following statements is true? "Welcome to Certification's Main Event" - www.test-king.com 2 LPI 117-101: Practice Exam A. You need to rebuild the kernel.
    [Show full text]
  • I.MX Linux® Reference Manual
    i.MX Linux® Reference Manual Document Number: IMXLXRM Rev. 1, 01/2017 i.MX Linux® Reference Manual, Rev. 1, 01/2017 2 NXP Semiconductors Contents Section number Title Page Chapter 1 About this Book 1.1 Audience....................................................................................................................................................................... 27 1.1.1 Conventions................................................................................................................................................... 27 1.1.2 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations....................................................................................................27 Chapter 2 Introduction 2.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................31 2.1.1 Software Base................................................................................................................................................ 31 2.1.2 Features.......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3 Machine-Specific Layer (MSL) 3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................37 3.2 Interrupts (Operation)..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Intel FPGA Programmable Acceleration Card N3000
    Intel® Acceleration Stack User Guide Intel FPGA Programmable Acceleration Card N3000 Updated for Intel® Acceleration Stack for Intel® Xeon® CPU with FPGAs: 1.1 Subscribe UG-20244 | 2021.06.14 Send Feedback Latest document on the web: PDF | HTML Contents Contents 1. About this Document...................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Acronym List ........................................................................................................5 2. System Requirements..................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Cooling Requirements............................................................................................ 7 3. Hardware Installation................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Installing the Intel FPGA PAC N3000.......................................................................11 4. Installing the OPAE Software........................................................................................16 4.1. Install Additional Packages.................................................................................... 17 4.2. Install the Release Package................................................................................... 17 4.2.1. Remove Previous OPAE Packages............................................................... 18 4.2.2. Install the Acceleration Stack for Runtime..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Virtualization Virtualization
    Introduction to Virtualization Prashant Shenoy Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 1 Virtualization • Virtualization: extend or replace an existing interface to mimic the behavior of another system. – Introduced in 1970s: run legacy software on newer mainframe hardware • Handle platform diversity by running apps in VMs – Portability and flexibility Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 2 Types of Interfaces • Different types of interfaces – Assembly instructions – System calls – APIs • Depending on what is replaced /mimiced, we obtain different forms of virtualization Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 3 Types of Virtualization • Emulation – VM emulates/simulates complete hardware – Unmodified guest OS for a different PC can be run • Bochs, VirtualPC for Mac, QEMU • Full/native Virtualization – VM simulates “enough” hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS to be run in isolation • Same hardware CPU – IBM VM family, VMWare Workstation, Parallels,… Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 4 Types of virtualization • Para-virtualization – VM does not simulate hardware – Use special API that a modified guest OS must use – Hypercalls trapped by the Hypervisor and serviced – Xen, VMWare ESX Server • OS-level virtualization – OS allows multiple secure virtual servers to be run – Guest OS is the same as the host OS, but appears isolated • apps see an isolated OS – Solaris Containers, BSD Jails, Linux Vserver • Application level virtualization – Application is gives its own copy of components that are not shared • (E.g., own registry files, global objects) - VE prevents conflicts – JVM Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 5 Examples • Application-level virtualization: “process virtual machine” • VMM /hypervisor Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 6 The Architecture of Virtual Machines J Smith and R.
    [Show full text]
  • BSD UNIX Toolbox 1000+ Commands for Freebsd, Openbsd
    76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page iii BSD UNIX® TOOLBOX 1000+ Commands for FreeBSD®, OpenBSD, and NetBSD®Power Users Christopher Negus François Caen 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page ii 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page i BSD UNIX® TOOLBOX 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page ii 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page iii BSD UNIX® TOOLBOX 1000+ Commands for FreeBSD®, OpenBSD, and NetBSD®Power Users Christopher Negus François Caen 76034ffirs.qxd:Toolbox 4/2/08 12:50 PM Page iv BSD UNIX® Toolbox: 1000+ Commands for FreeBSD®, OpenBSD, and NetBSD® Power Users Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-37603-4 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permis- sion should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Linux® 用户的freebsd 快速入门向导
    Linux® 用户的 FreeBSD 快速入门向导 John Ferrell 修订: db2a5c8513 版权 © 2008 The FreeBSD Documentation Project FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金会的注册商标 Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的注册商标。 Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, 和 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支机构在美国和其他国家的商标或注册商标。 Red Hat, RPM, 是 Red Hat, Inc. 在美国和其他国家的注册商标。 UNIX是 Open Group 在美国和其它国家的注册商标。 许多制造商和经销商使用一些称为商标的图案或文字设计来彰显自己的产品。 本文档中 出现的， 为 FreeBSD Project 所知晓的商标，后面将以 “™” 或 “®” 符号来标注。 2020-12-24 01:34:44 +0000 由 Guangyuan Yang. 摘要 本文档旨在快速使那些高级 Linux® 用户熟悉FreeBSD的一些基础知识。 目录 1. 简介 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Shell程序：没有Bash吗？ ......................................................................................................... 1 3. Packages和Ports：在 FreeBSD 中添加软件 ................................................................................... 2 4. 系统启动：运行级别在哪里？ ................................................................................................... 3 5. 网络配置 ............................................................................................................................... 4 6. 防火墙 .................................................................................................................................. 4 7. 升级 FreeBSD .......................................................................................................................... 5 8. procfs：已是过去式但仍未被遗忘 ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Virtualization of Linux Based Computers: the Linux-Vserver Project
    VirtualizationVirtualization ofof LinuxLinux basedbased computers:computers: thethe LinuxLinux--VServerVServer projectproject BenoBenoîîtt desdes Ligneris,Ligneris, Ph.Ph. D.D. [email protected] Objectives:Objectives: Objectives:Objectives: 1)1) PresentPresent thethe availableavailable programsprograms thatthat cancan provideprovide aa virtualizationvirtualization ofof LinuxLinux computerscomputers withwith differentdifferent technologies.technologies. Objectives:Objectives: 1)1) PresentPresent thethe availableavailable programsprograms thatthat cancan provideprovide aa virtualizationvirtualization ofof LinuxLinux computerscomputers withwith differentdifferent technologies.technologies. 2)2) FocusFocus onon LinuxLinux--VServers:VServers: aa veryvery lightweightlightweight andand effectiveeffective technologytechnology forfor thethe regularregular LinuxLinux useruser notnot interstedintersted inin KernelKernel hacking.hacking. PlanPlan PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction ● OverviewOverview ofof thethe availableavailable technologytechnology PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction ● OverviewOverview ofof thethe availableavailable technologytechnology ● ClassificationClassification ofof thethe problems:problems: usageusage criteriacriteria PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction ● OverviewOverview ofof thethe availableavailable technologytechnology ● ClassificationClassification ofof thethe problems:problems: usageusage criteriacriteria ● ComparativeComparative studystudy ofof thethe existingexisting
    [Show full text]
  • Sergei Miroshnichenko Linux Pi
    Setting up the PCIe hotplug in Kernel for exible setups Sergei Miroshnichenko September 27, 2019 Sergei Miroshnichenko Setting up the PCIe hotplug in Kernel for exible setups Why do we need PCIe hotplug: replace Replace/add/remove NVME drives in front panel of the server chassis Sergei Miroshnichenko Setting up the PCIe hotplug in Kernel for exible setups Why do we need PCIe hotplug: PCIe-JBOD Connect/detach a PCIe-JBOD to a server Sergei Miroshnichenko Setting up the PCIe hotplug in Kernel for exible setups Why do we need PCIe hotplug: Fabric Mode Handle rerouting of TLP packets for virtualized topologies in Fabric Mode Sergei Miroshnichenko Setting up the PCIe hotplug in Kernel for exible setups Why do we need PCIe hotplug: misc But there's more: Connect/detach a enclosure full of NVME drives inside a chassis Reconnect to a switch after changing its settings Testing procedures during manufacturing Some x86 64 machines (even servers) can't boot with NVME enclosures attached Sergei Miroshnichenko Setting up the PCIe hotplug in Kernel for exible setups Hotplug today Check if the Linux kernel supports PCIe hotplug: % grep HOTPLUG PCI /boot/config-5.2.0-pciehp+ CONFIG HOTPLUG PCI PCIE=y CONFIG HOTPLUG_PCI=y Check if a switch supports PCIe hotplug: % sudo lspci -vvv -s 0000:02:00.0 | grep --color HotPlug SltCap: AttnBtn- PwrCtrl+ MRL- AttnInd- PwrInd- HotPlug+ Surprise- Check if a free slot available: % lspci -tv +-[0021:00]---00.0-[01-11]--+-00.0-[02-11]--+-00.0-[03-07]-- | | +-01.0-[08-0c]-- | | n-02.0-[0d-11]-- Check if a free space for
    [Show full text]
  • Emulex® Drivers for Linux User Manual
    Emulex® Drivers for Linux User Manual P009417-02A Rev. A Emulex Connects™ Servers, Storage and People 2 Copyright © 2003-2013 Emulex. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this document may be reproduced by any means or translated to any electronic medium without the prior written consent of Emulex. Information furnished by Emulex is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Emulex for its use; or for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent, copyright or related rights of Emulex. Emulex, the Emulex logo, AutoPilot Installer, AutoPilot Manager, BlockGuard, Connectivity Continuum, Convergenomics, Emulex Connect, Emulex Secure, EZPilot, FibreSpy, HBAnyware, InSpeed, LightPulse, MultiPulse, OneCommand, OneConnect, One Network. One Company., SBOD, SLI, and VEngine are trademarks of Emulex. All other brand or product names referenced herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations. Emulex provides this manual "as is" without any warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Emulex may make improvements and changes to the product described in this manual at any time and without any notice. Emulex assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result. Periodic changes are made to information contained herein; although these changes will be incorporated into new editions of this manual, Emulex disclaims any undertaking to give notice of such changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallels Desktop® Upgrade to Windows 7 User's Guide
    Parallels Desktop® Upgrade to Windows 7 User's Guide Copyright © 1999-2010 Parallels Holdings, Ltd. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. Parallels Holdings, Ltd. c/o Parallels International GMbH. Parallels International GmbH Vordergasse 49 CH8200 Schaffhausen Switzerland Tel: + 49 (6151) 42996 - 0 Fax: + 49 (6151) 42996 - 255 www.parallels.com Copyright © 1999-2010 Parallels Holdings, Ltd. and its affiliates. All rights reserved. This product is protected by United States and international copyright laws. The product’s underlying technology, patents, and trademarks are listed at http://www.parallels.com/trademarks. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Server, Windows NT, Windows Vista, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Mac is a registered trademark of Apple, Inc. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. 3 Contents Introduction 5 About Parallels Desktop Upgrade to Windows 7......................................................................................... 5 About This Guide......................................................................................................................................... 6 Organization of This Guide .............................................................................................................. 6 Documentation Conventions............................................................................................................. 7 Getting Help................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]