DOCSLIB.ORG

1:5- .September L986

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1:5- .September L986 ,._~ .. -1:5- .September l986 --··-.- . e .. ··.-··:r·--··c··-··-:'•-Jmc:r'llle ponce ··eft,'~-: ni:: 10 000-strong wiiilo..-- ;:·1'he·familywas'latertoldto"h~i . ~;-·~·wm: PicJced up by ttie fun~! the peace sign, then :moved to th~ '- --.•· I up and get-out" as-more bodies·were! -· undertakerS and taken to the Protca ' ; Mundi Church in RI:>Ckville, they were -Ipelegeng Centre and ·St Paul's bcintbmugbtlli•.. _. _ . ; - Police Station, Divisional ' ... -ordered out of the Church. · . Church. ·After negotiations between a •::_. - An Emdeai tami1Y.~wld 1-ow they' HeadquancsoftheSowetoPolic:e. Several mini-buses and cars were : delegation led by Dr Nthato Motlana - wee infonned by r.n:llftclerutlccr that ; A~ the police Slalion they w=-asked turned lfway at the entrance and : and a Captain Fischmer had failed to he could not find ·It~ boe:· .of their · to stgn a document declaril)g they . mourners ~ told no funeral would agree on the crowd holding a $011, only to leatn ~~-thi~ he had would not hold a mass funezaJ. be bcld unless written~ was , memorial service, the crowd was been buried. · ·· ' · ·.. - "We n:fused to do that aod stormed · obtained - ordered out of the premises of St­ . TbC Sibisl family· ·ra'eCc: to the - out of the police station,~ said The crowd then moved to the . Paul's Cburch. cemt:tcty and fou,id ·the-..,::-;,;.,:· AngelineMxotwa, r.lotherof19-year- ... u~,.·;• )~~!!''U Stadium. but were A meeting of more than a dozen • Abednego Sibisi I) ;ng m an unfilled , old Lucky_ Mxotwa. ~~~. - pricsu and the funcnl committee;."·: grave: ·- · . · · The police then ' .-ent to the owners At .one ·stage while the authOrities agreed to postpone the. funeral ;; Other bodies b• .;~~ = th•• of of funeral parlour., aod recorded on · w=-negotiating ,....;th llisbop Simeon indefinitely. _- l':· Joseph KgOISe :md Mlltlin Mthelltwa. , tape assurances .fr< m them that they · Nkoane, the Anglican Suffragcn e According to the. Bureau of .''·­ The funeral dfm.a started early on ; . would not release the bodies for burial . Bisbop of Johannesburg West, '"3Jid · Information no deaths or injuries bad 1 Wednesday even!~g when police ; • yesterday. ~er priests, a blaclc policeman fll'ed been reponed ·due to the unrest in visited the families with copies of the.! At a m~ng held at the Ipelegeng two teargas canistets into the crowd. Soweto yesterday. But there had been Government Gazet:e that effectively : Com~untty ~cr.;rc on Wednesday He was harshly rebuked by his a number of ilj_egal gatherings which banned the funerals eventng, restdcolts resolved they commanding officer. had been broken up by _police using. · - _,.. would go ancad with the funeral. teargas. In one incident some 300 But yesterday morning when about youths were eli~ in this manner, theBurezuszid. Angola's war drifts iJ;lto ·deadlock as both sides dig in. From IODathall Friedland Following the adviee of its ; the planes were. used onlY to railway, wblch stretches firom :, llati~ income, according to In Luanda Soviet and Cuban backers, ferry Unita fighters to the the port of Lobito to the vanol!s estimates-to meet Emboldened by Washing. the !Marxist Government here ton's decision earlier this THE war between the Ango. south end were not invcllvecl c:opper mines of Zambia and , the liquidity . crisis It faces year to send them covert ald. Jan Governmf•'!lt and rebels has apparently decided not , in combat. Zaire. The rattway has been ·because of the collapse in oll to !Jauridt another oll'enslve the rebels have increaseii backed bf. Sot th &Africa and " The! offensive deiiJlon. sabotaged repeatedly since prices Th f 11 • th · · their attacks on isolated vii· the Uruted States hK this dey season against Unita strared that if the "'-·uvv.,.u AngA••...., won i....._~ce....., . of oJ!,. ·' which e a providesm e aboutpnce readied stalemate, bases lin the sparsely popu· la!leS and stepped up the a accord· ment libows 6UClCeSS against from Portuga{ In 19 5. 90 per eent of Angola's ex· mining of fields and feeder ing to army oflleers and for· l<ared south-east, Westem dip. Units, South Africa Will at· The arm,> is hunting down , port earnings, wltl cost the eign diplomats here. Jomats say. The dry season · roads used largely by' Unita rebels, led by JOIIIaS ends tbis month. According ~~n~r.at least $1 billion peasants. Savimbl. are avoiding direct to these sources, Luanda bas 'l'HE Allgolan rebel leader, loaaa. Savlmbl, said that If Lmnda Units has (Vet to deliver a A senior Western diplomat contact with the 50,(J()(knan apparently concluded that as declared Its willingness to negotiate, Ulka to end the civil decisi~ blow to Angola's oil C1ere - and one not particu· Angolan aney and the long as South Africa's white war could start Immediately, industry, llllthough it remains larly sympathetic to the rul· 30,00Q.man CUban contingent minority regime retains "We want an official and unequlw0011 declaratiOD that a key rebel aim Pllblicly reit· lng Marxists - said that by backing dt, 'hey say. Tile power, UDita wiD be erated by IMr Savimbi during employing " thoroughgojng anny, whiie battling to mot protected.- they are prepared to negotiate," Mr Savimbl told reporters at his soutbem Allgolan beadqnartera In Jamba. He said tbad bis January vis'it to the us. terrorism ", the :Units rebels the rebels out of the agricul· A large«:ale army adwnce, ·Rebel eotiDDUidos attempted " seemed to be doing . their tural heartla11d in central in the aouth-eestem province the principle of uegothtiOD eould be CODceded only If accom- · Angola, is bold'lng bae'k from of Cuand Cubango last year panted by a eeaseflre and a Umetaflle fer the withdrawal of a bit-and-run attack on the best to tum the people foreign ~ - Renter. north-western town of Ca· against them. None of the launching an all-out attack. was blunred by. 'Mirages, Can­ blnda, but failed to destroy Maoist fish 1n the water on the 'lnSUII'!:ents' bll6es in berras and IB®Cmeer pbanes enything but one wooden theory. seems to apply to the south. from the South :Mrican air building. what they. are doing." Neither side, the a1111!11 and force, according .to mtlltary­ the Cuban force on the one sourees and foreign taek." one· West European the rebell in the central . Units has, however, broad· So far, however, Unlta has diplomat bere aaid. · Pl'OVInces of Bie and · ened its area of operations. not fired any of the sophist!· hand, nor Units and South .observers. Jnstead, 1be Govemmeat Huambo and the adjoining The . rebel organisation Africa on th• other, appears The South African planes has been urged by its 2,000 eastern provlnce of lflladcO. reponded to the Increased · cated Stinger anti-aircraft to be In anY : :urry to foree a d~ 90 _ Angolan Soviet IIIMsere 1111Ct their Cu~ . This more 11mtted tacttc en- pressure on its south-eastern . missiles that the Reagan Ad· confrontation. " In mltitary a!IIIIOUl'ed ears and -Sorie~ ban counterparts to focus on .,, ~bles the · GovflllllllleUt to ·base .of Jalllba last year by ' mlnlstratlon has sent to the terms, the dtultlon ta a built T -62 tam, tile 8011reee • expen. :· !IP throlrgh deacDoclt," OM fore!ln diplo­ aay although llr · Savlmbi . wiping out rd!e1 unfts in the ·> economise on miUtary stepping its· activity In · .. rebels South .Africa. mat aatd. fertile central plateau. and ' diture--Wbich -- be-·'· the . nOrth and north'Nst .:according. to Angolan, iiid Pretoria maintain 1bat. along- the strategic Bellgue)a .tween 60 anct 80 per tlellt of . along th~ Zaire border: ...., ~· ol&clala. Financial Times Saturday September 6 1986 OVERSEAS NEWS .!.. Anthony Robinson reports on the background to the enthronement of Desmond Tutu Churches' front-line role in South Africa iN SOUTH AFRICA no govern· It Ia the local priests In ment speech of any COD· Soweto who bave been support­ RQuence is complete without Ing the families of lut week'• reference to the will of the eviction riot victims In their Alml&hty. Bltlllcal justification demands to hold a mass funeral austalna both the battle for and challenging the refusal of blaclt liberation and the defence the Government to allow it. It of apartheid. was also a black Catholic It was always thus, right from priest, Father SmangaliiO the beginning when refugees Mkhatsbwa who laat week drew from 17th century religiOWI world attention to torture in penecutlon In Europe-mainly detention and the role of the C&lvinlsts or Lutherans from clergy In " the struggle " when the Low Countries and Hugenota a court heard his allegations of . li'Om France-41nt arrived at humllialtlng and painful torture the tip of Africa. Imposed by the aecurity forces. The task of enlightening the lleath'n aDd bringing Christl· It Ia all deeply frustrating anlty to the black tribes has for the God-fearing Afrikaners also aiwaya ezerted a powerful In power who see ·themselves · &ttraction on foreign mission· · as guardians and defenders of aries Utd · Units with mother true Christian princiPles, acting ehurchea in EuroJM= remain JD good faith to defend South atrong, as wltneaaed by the Africa and themselves from a lal'le contingent Of foreign "total onslau1ht" by iodlelll churchmen at tomorrow's Communist totalitarianlam. ell1hronement of Blahop Afrikaners are now split ~,.~ ~~1 Tutu as Anglican politically and these division& ~~~'·OP ol Cape Town. are mirrored in the soul aearch· ': "l'odli,, the overwhelming lng which In recent Y84n ~ ;r.:Joril:, of blacks, Including wraclted the NGK. · leaderi .·,: the African National As the NGK w.J'jl&tles with tl'ie C~~~~~Us•, sUch as llfr Nelson coDIIdence, and the Indignity of Mandel• aJlCi :::.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anti-Apartheid Movement Annual Report on Activities and Developments
    Anti-Apartheid Movement Annual Report on Activities and Developments http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.aam00064 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Anti-Apartheid Movement Annual Report on Activities and Developments Author/Creator Anti-Apartheid Movement Publisher Anti-Apartheid Movement Date 1986-09-00 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, Southern Africa (region), United Kingdom Coverage (temporal) 1985 - 1986 Source AAM Archive Rights By kind permission of the AAM Archives
    [Show full text]
  • A-Force-More-Powerful-Study-Guide
    Production Credits Educational Outreach Advisors Written, Produced and Directed by: Steve York Dr. Kevin Clements, International Alert, London, England Narrated by: Ben Kingsley Martharose Laffey, former Executive Director, National Series Editor and Principal Content Advisor: Council for the Social Studies, Washington, D.C. Peter Ackerman Joanne Leedom-Ackerman, former Chair, Managing Producer: Miriam A. Zimmerman Writers in Prison Committee, International PEN Sheilah Mann, Director of Educational Affairs, Editors: Joseph Wiedenmayer and David Ewing American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C. Executive Producer: Jack DuVall Doug McAdam, Center for Advanced Study Senior Production Executives for WETA: in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Richard Thomas, Polly Wells and Laurie Rackas Sidney Tarrow, Maxwell M. Upson Executive-in-Charge of Production: Dalton Delan Professor of Government, Cornell University Outreach/Study Guide Educational materials for A Force More Powerful: Writer: Jonathan Mogul A Century of Nonviolent Conflict were developed Editor: Barbara de Boinville in association with Toby Levine Communications, Inc., Potomac, Maryland. Project Staff, WETA Senior Vice President, Strategic Projects: To order the companion book, A Force More Francine Zorn Trachtenberg Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, Project Manager, Educational Services by Peter Ackerman and Jack DuVall, call St. Martin’s & Outreach: Karen Zill Press at 1-800-221-7945, ext. 270. You will receive a Art Director: Cynthia Aldridge 20% discount when you order with a major credit card. Administrative Coordinator: Susi Crespo Intern: Justine Nelson Video Distribution To order videocassettes of the two 90-minute programs Web Development, WETA for home use, or the six 30-minute modules Director, Interactive Media: Walter Rissmeyer for educational/institutional use, please contact: Manager, Interactive Media: John R.
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
    VOLUME THREE Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Regional Profiles ........ 1 Appendix: National Chronology......................... 12 Chapter 2 REGIONAL PROFILE: Eastern Cape ..................................................... 34 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape........................................................... 150 Chapter 3 REGIONAL PROFILE: Natal and KwaZulu ........................................ 155 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in Natal, KwaZulu and the Orange Free State... 324 Chapter 4 REGIONAL PROFILE: Orange Free State.......................................... 329 Chapter 5 REGIONAL PROFILE: Western Cape.................................................... 390 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Western Cape ......................................................... 523 Chapter 6 REGIONAL PROFILE: Transvaal .............................................................. 528 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Transvaal ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 4: Mkhuseli Jack
    Unit Two: Peacemakers and Nonviolence Lesson 4: Mkhuseli Jack Standards Addressed by Lesson: CIVICS Standard 4.3 Students know how citizens can exercise their rights. (d) Describing and evaluating historical or current examples of citizen movements to ensure rights of all citizens. Standard 4.4 Students know how citizens can participate in civic life. (a -d) HISTORY Standard 5.3 Students know how political power has been acquired, maintained, used and/or lost throughout history. (b) Objectives of Lesson: To introduce and discuss Mkhuseli Jack and the nonviolent strategies used in the South African movement to end apartheid. This session also introduces additional nonviolent strategies. Instructional Strategies: Reading, writing activity, discussion Preliminary Lesson Preparation: Educator should read attached summary of the movement to end apartheid to be familiar with the issue before facilitating this lesson (Attachment A). Educator should also watch the 30-minute segment of the video to prepare answers for the questions. Vocabulary: Apartheid, townships (designated places where Blacks lived) Suggested Resources to Obtain: -The movie, A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, Peter Ackerman and Jack Duvall, PBS Suggested Time: Between 50 and 60 minutes Materials Needed: Video: A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict, “Freedom in Our Lifetime” segment Copies of follow-up Questions (Attachment C) Attachments: A. Summary of movement to end apartheid B. Nonviolent Strategies Brainstorm responses C. Follow-up questions for film D. Questions for crumple ball activity Global Solutions to Violence, Mkhuseli Jack Lesson 1 Denver Justice and Peace Committee, 2004 www.denjustpeace.org Lesson Outline Introduction to Lesson: This lesson focuses on another peacemaker, Mkhuseli Jack, and the movement in South Africa to end apartheid through nonviolent means.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa
    SOUTHERN AFRICA PROJECT SOUTH AFRICA: TIlE COUNTDOWN TO ELECTIONS Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law 1450 G Street, N.W., Suite 400 • Washington, D.C. 20005 • (202) 662-8342 Issue 5: I anuary 28, 1994 ANC ANNOUNCES NATIONAL LIST FOR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY On January 24th, the African National Congress made public its National Election List for the National Assembly. As reported in the previous issue of Countdown, names will be drawn from the list below to fill seats in the legislature in the order that they appear on the list. Prominent people not appearing on the list such as ANC Deputy Secretary General Jacob Zuma have chosen to serve at the provincial level. [See Issue 4]. Profiles of nominees and lists submitted by other parties will appear in subsequent issues of Countdown. I. Nelson R Mandela 40. Mavivi Manzini 79 . Elijah Barayi 2. Cyril M Ramaphosa 41. Philip Dexter 80. Iannie Momberg 3. Thabo Mbeki 42. Prince lames Mahlangu 81. Prince M. Zulu 4. Ioe Siovo 43. Smangaliso Mkhatshwa 82. Elias Motswaledi 5. Pallo Iordan 44. Alfred Nzo 83. Dorothy Nyembe 6. lay Naidoo 45. Alec Erwin 84. Derek Hanekom 7. Ahmed Kathrada 46. Gregory Rockman 85. Mbulelo Goniwe 8. Ronnie Kasrils 47. Gill Marcus 86. Melanie Verwoerd 9. Sydney Mufamadi 48. Ian van Eck 87. Sankie Nkondo 10. Albertina Sisulu 49. Thandi Modise 88. Pregs Govender II. Thozamile Botha 50. Shepherd Mdladlana 89 . Lydia Kompe 12. Steve Tshwete 51. Nkosazana Zuma 90. Ivy Gcina 13. Bantu Holomisa 52. Nosiviwe Maphisa 91. Ela Ghandi 14. IeffRadebe 53. R. van den Heever 92.
    [Show full text]
  • The United Democratic Front and Township Revolt ^ South Africa
    THE UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT AND TOWNSHIP REVOLT ^ SOUTH AFRICA MARK SWILLING Introduction Recent years have witnessed the revival of organised mass opposition to Apartheid. Fighting in the townships, labour unrest, classroom revolts, rent strikes, consumer boycotts, worker stayaways and guerilla warfare - all these have become familiar features of South Africa's political landscape since 1976. From the inception of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983, though, radical black opposition has assumed an increasingly organised form thus enhancing its power and effectiveness. : This paper will argue that since the inception of the UDF, black resistance in South Africa has become increasingly effective because of the UDF's capacity to provide a national political and ideological centre. However, it will also be argued that the contemporary:history of township revolt was not due to strategies formulated And implemented by the. UDF's national leadership. Instead, with the exception of the crucially important election boycotts of 1984, the driving force of black resistance that has effectively immobilised the'coercive and reformist actions of the state has emanated from below as communities responded to their absymal urban living conditions. The result was the development and expansion of local struggles and organisations throughout the country. As these local struggles spread and coalesced, the UDF played a critical role in articulating common national demands for the dismantling of the Apartheid state. In so doing, the black communities have been drawn into a movement predicated on the notion that the transfer of political power to the representatives of the majority is a precondition for the realisation of basic economic demands such as decent shelter, cheap transport, proper health care, adequate education, the right to occupy land and the right to a decent and steady income.
    [Show full text]
  • CHALLENGES to the SINGLE-PARTY DOMINANCE of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS Lessons from Kwazakhele
    56 DOI: 10.20940/JAE/2020/v19i2aDOI: 10.20940/JAE/2020/v19i2a4 JOURNAL4 OF AFRICAN ELECTIONS CHALLENGES TO THE SINGLE-PARTY DOMINANCE OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS Lessons from Kwazakhele Janet Cherry and Gary Prevost Janet Cherry is professor of Development Studies at Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth Gary Prevost is professor emeritus of Political Science at the College of St. Benedict and St. John’s University, and research associate at Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth ABSTRACT This article explores the challenges to the African National Congress (ANC) in its traditional stronghold of the Port Elizabeth working­class township of Kwazakhele. The authors argue that this area has been the embodiment of single­party dominance for decades. Using exit polling and a post­election survey, the article details the challenges to the ANC from both reduced voter turnout and rising support for the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). The article concludes that the end of the ANC dominance in Kwazakhele in coming elections is possible but is not a foregone conclusion. Keywords: South Africa, elections, voting behaviour, single-party dominance, voter turnout INTRODUCTION In South Africa’s 2019 general elections the vote totals of the African National Congress (ANC) dipped below 60% for the first time. This, according to Joleen Steyn-Kotze and Narnia Bohler-Muller (2019) marked a watershed in South Africa’s political landscape and raised the possibility that the one-party dominance the ANC had held since the first democratic election in 1994 was coming to an end. This article analyses the voting behaviour and political participation in a long-time ANC stronghold, the Kwazakhele township in Port Elizabeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Boycott in South Africa Helps Shift Power to the People
    BOYCOTT IN SOUTH AFRICA HELPS SHIFT POWER TO THE PEOPLE SUMMARY Source: http://mrdivis.yolasite.com Black South Africans had been living under apartheid since 1948, a legal system that violent- ly oppressed the black popula- tion. In 1983, young, black orga- nizers looked for new ways to go on the offensive. A movement of over 600 civic organizations formed, with women’s clubs, churches, sports teams, street Posters of the United Democratic Front (UDF) calling for support of the consumer boycotts committees, etc., becoming centers of resistance. In May 1985, the Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organization brought up the idea of a boycott of white-owned businesses. Some wanted to start right away while others knew success required numbers and it would take time to convince 500,000 black residents to join. Using huge weekly funeral gatherings to rally support, movement leaders launched the boycott in July with 100% participation. The initial demands were to end work- place discrimination, racially integrate public institutions, and remove troops from town- ships. Later, they added freeing political prisoners to their demands. The government responded by quickly declaring a state of emergency and sending the army to violently occupy black neighborhoods (townships). There were hundreds of arrests. However, as white business owners lost money, they became reluctant allies, with many lobbying the government to meet the movement’s demands. After four months of boy- cotting, with violence on the rise in townships and many leaders in prison, protesters ne- gotiated a strategic deal: the boycott would be lifted from December to March if business owners arranged for black leaders to be released.
    [Show full text]
  • Allan Boesak
    AN AFFORDABLE "/ ask you to join in ~ Soutlltrn Africa SOUTHERN Media Center's program. Invite otllt, people of conscience into your home, school, church AFRICA VIDEO or community center to screen one of ~ir fine films." UBRARY. .. Archibishop Desmond Tutu eOo'er Photo by Omor Badsha funt",,'1n Kwa M:uhu 01 two ANC $OIdie~ killed In diShes with the police OUtside Sunger .984 In\ide Photo by Wendy Schwegmonn Bishop Desmond Tutu and Rtsi<!enu 01 MoCOPa ~fttr aU nl,ht vi,1I to prott st against rtmoYOllls. 1983 Photo 01'1 page 1'1 by Omar 8adsha Mem~r of Amoutl Residences' Asso<latloo. Amoutl 1983 This year California Newsreel offers You can now start thinking about To help schools start their Southem Africa educators and activists the chance to begin videocassettes more as affordable, video lib raries, we are offering any six titles a low cost, Southern Africa video library. convenient refereoce books than as for only $595. These six cassettes can form We are making available our entire expensive, cumbersome films. Purchasing the basis of an authoritative collection Southern Africa Media Center catalog­ ins tead of renting gives teachers access to covering the entire Southem Africa region the most comprehensive and up-to-date in titles anytime they want, for large lecture from a variety of academic perspectives. the world-for only $195 per title. College courses or small seminars-without the African Studies, Intemational Relations, departments and libraries can now expense or inconvenience of rental. Geography. Anthropology and History purchase videocassettes for liule more departments could pool their funds to than two film rentals, ooly 25% of the film acqui re a library which can be used in purchase price.
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
    VOLUME THREE Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/46f8d1/ The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/46f8d1/ I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to Regional Profiles ........ 1 Appendix: National Chronology......................... 12 Chapter 2 REGIONAL PROFILE: Eastern Cape ..................................................... 34 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Eastern Cape........................................................... 150 Chapter 3 REGIONAL PROFILE: Natal and KwaZulu ........................................ 155 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in Natal, KwaZulu and the Orange Free State... 324 Chapter 4 REGIONAL PROFILE: Orange Free State.......................................... 329 Chapter 5 REGIONAL PROFILE: Western Cape.................................................... 390 Appendix: Statistics on Violations in the Western Cape ......................................................... 523 Chapter 6 REGIONAL PROFILE: Transvaal .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Partl the UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT and TOWNSHIP REVOLT
    partl THE UNITED DEMOCRATIC FRONT AND TOWNSHIP REVOLT IN SOUTH AFRICA MARK SWILLING Introduction Recent years have witnessed the revival of organised mass opposition to Apartheid . Fighting in the townships, labour unrest, classroom revolts, rent strikes, consumer boycotts, worker stayaways and guerilla warfare - all these have become familiar features of "South Africa's political landscape since 1976 . From the inception of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983, though, radical black opposition has assumed an increasingly organised form thus enhancing its power and effectiveness . This paper will argue that since the inception of the UDF, black resistance, in South Africa has become increasingly effective because of 'the UDF's capacity to provide a national political and ideological centre. However, it will also be argued that the contemporary history of township revolt was not due to strategies formulated and implemented by the UDF's national leadership . Instead, with the exception of the crucially important election boycotts of 1984, the driving force of black resistance that has effectively immobilised the coercive and reformist actions of the state has emanated from below as communities responded to their absymal urban living conditions . The result was the development and expansion of local struggles and organisations throughout the country . As these local struggles spread and coalesced, the UDF played a critical role in articulating common national demands for the dismantling of the Apartheid state . In so doing, the black communities have been drawn into a movement predicated on the notion that the transfer of political power to the representatives of the majority is a precondition for the realisation of basic economic demands such as decent shelter, cheap transport, proper health care, adequate education, the right to occupy land and the right to a decent and steady income .
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Nonviolence in the Struggle Against Apartheid in South Africa
    The People Shall Govern: The Importance of Nonviolence in the Struggle against Apartheid in South Africa Author: Heather Lynn Gatnarek Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/391 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2005 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Honors Program The People Shall Govern : The Importance of Nonviolence in the Struggle against Apartheid in South Africa A Senior Thesis by Heather Gatnarek May 2005 Advisor: Professor Cha rles Derber Sociology Department Abstract The institution of apartheid (or official segregation), implemented in South Africa in 1948, drew immediate and prolonged opposition. For decades, groups within South Africa and in countries around the world protested government policies and repression. Many anti -apartheid activists expressed their objections to the system of apartheid through expressly nonviolent actions, including strikes, boycotts, demonstrations, and the formation of alternative institutions. Opponents of apartheid also garnered support from the international community to pressure the South African government with sanctions and embargoes. At the same time, several groups of anti -apartheid activists chose to resort to violent means to protest the government. These acts of violence included sabotage and, occasionally, the deaths of government officials or collaborators. This paper examines historical and contemporary theories of the morality and effectiveness of nonviolent action. After studying the history of the struggle against apartheid and the use of nonviolent action in South Africa, the argument is made that the consistent and prolonged use of nonviolent actions played the most crucial role in the downfall of the apartheid system.
    [Show full text]