GRAND CALIFORNIA August 11-26, 2018 FIELD REPORT (PLUS TWENTY OTHERS)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GRAND CALIFORNIA August 11-26, 2018 FIELD REPORT (PLUS TWENTY OTHERS) GRAND CALIFORNIA August 11-26, 2018 FIELD REPORT (PLUS TWENTY OTHERS) Yosemite’s Mariposa Grove & Half Dome and Bodega Bay coastline by Merrill Lester Prepared by Jeri M. Langham VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, STE 1003, AUSTIN, TX 78746 (800) 328-8368 -- www.ventbird.com GRAND CALIFORNIA FIELD REPORT August 11 - 26, 2018 Posted by Jeri M. Langham September 9, 2018 Whenever someone asks if I get tired of leading Grand California, I laugh and say, "Picture San Francisco, Point Reyes National Seashore, Bodega Bay, the Sierra Nevada, Lake Tahoe, Mono Lake, the White Mountains, Yosemite National Park, Monterey and the Big Sur coastline. Now tell me you could ever get tired of the scenery, not to mention the array of possible birds, plants and other animals." Our endemic Yellow-billed Magpie is much more difficult to see due to decimation by the West Nile Virus, but we still always find some in the Sacramento area. This year our pelagic trip on Monterey Bay produced Humpback Whales, up to 3 Black-footed Albatrosses sitting on the water around our boat and, best of all, a juvenile Masked Booby. Black-footed Albatross © Rebecca Bowater Masked Booby © Rebecca Bowater It is always difficult to select the top experiences from any of my tours because every day brings at least one special encounter. Here are some excerpts of this year’s tour taken from the daily journal I write and then mail to all participants after I get home. On our way to Bodega Head, we picked up three Black Oystercatchers and a dozen American White Pelicans. Bodega Head was socked in with fog, but we still were able to ID a Pelagic Cormorant and, heading back, we photographed Mule Deer. Two first year Heermann’s Gulls were nice to see. The tide was headed out so we found a huge group of Marbled Godwits with Willets and at least one Long-billed Dowitcher. In the calm north corner we found six Mule Deer © Rebecca Bowater Red-throated Loon © Rebecca Bowater Common Loons, one Red-throated Loon, and a Surf Scoter along with Western and Ring-billed gulls. A quick stop due to a huge flock of shorebirds produced the best bird of the day, Baird’s Sandpiper. I was happy with 75 species seen on our first full day of birding! We returned to Doran Beach State Park since the area near the jetties was now open. I spotted a number of Surfbirds on the rock jetty and after all had seen them well we got extremely lucky to find a Wandering Tattler. We celebrated by eating our delicious Spud Point crab sandwiches at a picnic table. A tip from a friend in Sacramento helped us to locate a flock of Yellow- billed Magpies and we spent about 40 minutes enjoying this endemic species. The endemic Yellow-billed Magpie © Rebecca Bowater Black-chinned Hummingbird © R. B. Ironically as we drove to my home, there were about a dozen more in the park just down from my house! Soon we were watching Hooded Orioles, Black- chinned and Anna’s hummingbirds, Lesser Goldfinches, House Finches, and an Oak Titmouse in my backyard. On our walk out the back gate and along the American River, we added Bushtits and got to see a Coyote and Black-tailed Jackrabbit. The following morning we drove to the Riviera East Park near my home where I recently heard two Western Screech-Owls. Soon two owls responded, but they were deep in tall, fairly dense trees. One was behind too many leaves, but the other was wonderful - staying in the open for all to see. It was a mated pair with completely different sounding warbles. Sandi spotted the male Blue Grosbeak in grasses next to the levee as soon as we arrived at County Road 126. Western Kingbirds cooperated, as did Nuttall’s and Downy woodpeckers. There were close to 100 American White Pelicans in the water, and when they flew away with others that arrived in flight it was an impressive sight. Western Tanager only gave us a brief look but there were lots of Lesser Goldfinches and one Swainson’s Hawk. Driving up CR 124 we added Loggerhead Shrike, and in the area where CR 124 meets Old River Road we had a great show with MacGillivray’s, Yellow, Orange-crowned and Wilson’s warblers. Before checking out Yolo Basin Wildlife Area, I decided to try the road near Davis where we missed Burrowing Owl yesterday. Today luck was with us as two adult Burrowing Owls and two owlets kept cameras clicking for about 25 minutes. Burrowing Owl family near burrow © Rebecca Bowater Yolo Basin Wildlife Area is rather dry right now, but still quite a bit of fun to bird. Right away we picked up a gorgeous Yellow-headed Blackbird along with other blackbird species. Long-billed Dowitchers, Black-necked Stilts and American Avocets were present, too. Eventually we saw four species of swallows. However nothing could compare with the Marsh Wren views. A couple of adults popped up on a tiny clump of Cattails and then youngsters started flying towards us and there must have been at least a dozen. The unpaved road above Hope Valley gave us great scenery and great looks at Clark’s Nutcracker, White-headed Woodpecker, Green-tailed Towhee, Hermit Warbler, Cassin’s Vireo, Townsend’s Solitaire, Hammond’s Flycatcher and more. A Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel cooperated for photos, and daily Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel © Rebecca Bowater Pacific Fritillary © Rebecca Bowater we encountered beautiful butterflies and flowering plants. A location we visited before lunch had views of Brewer’s Sparrows and a Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay. A stop for scenic photos just past Monitor Pass produced a cooperative Rock Wren. Our first stop this morning was a small bridge over the tiny Owens River. We picked up two Bullock’s Orioles, Common Yellowthroat, and Bewick’s Wren but otherwise it was quiet. Tollhouse Springs has been the only place I know where one can find Chukar on our tour, and we were fortunate to hear and see one. Other highlights this morning were 20 or so Pinyon Jays, MacGillivray’s Warbler, American Kestrel, Warbling Vireo, Juniper Titmouse, and Black-tailed and Blue-gray gnatcatchers. A short 10,000-foot elevation walk in Schulman Grove, among the gnarled Bristlecone Pine trees, produced many Mountain Chickadees, some White- breasted and Pygmy nuthatches, one Pacific-slope Flycatcher, several Dark- eyed Juncos (Oregon race), and Black-throated Gray Warblers. I always enjoy walking in this incredible ecosystem, marveling at these ancient trees that have survived for thousands of years. On the way to the old gold mining town of Bodie, our first stop produced two Canyon Wrens, one Rock Wren, and a few warblers. The next stop was even better as birds were coming into the willows by a narrow ditch to bathe: Cassin’s Vireo, Purple Finches, Green-tailed Towhee, Black-headed Grosbeak, Brewer’s and Chipping sparrows, Yellow and Yellow-rumped warblers, glimpse of a Sagebrush Sparrow and more. It was great to hear several Common Nighthawks and see them flying over the rocky ridge. Frustrating was hearing Mountain Quail, but not being able to see them. We stopped further along the road to see our first Mountain Bluebirds. While I watched from the tall mound in Bodie, I saw Hugh waving at me and little by little all of you were able to see the three Greater Sage-Grouse he had spotted. I believe most of you enjoyed perusing this old gold mining ghost town. On the way out a Say’s Phoebe was new for us. We had wonderful views of huge Mono Lake tufa towers that were formed underwater and are now exposed due to Los Angeles Department of Water and Power siphoning water for Los Angeles from streams that used to feed the lake. I always have to remind myself that this huge body of water is too salty (3X that of the ocean) to support any fish life. We saw hundreds of Eared Grebes, California Gulls, and Red-necked Phalaropes with a few dozen Wilson’s Phalaropes. There Negit Island visible on left. Distant Mono Lake tufa towers once covered by water © Jeri Langham were three Osprey nests on top of tufa towers at the South Tufa area. Since Mono Lake cannot support any fish, the adults must fly to nearby freshwater lakes to catch fish to feed their young who are well protected on top of the tallest tufa towers that are still surrounded by water. Masses of Brine Shrimp provide fuel for migrating Eared Grebes, Red-necked and Wilson’s phalaropes, and other birds. Brine or Alkali Flies that are gobbled up by California Gulls and other birds cause a visible black ring around the edge of the lake. California Gull & Brine Flies © Rebecca Bowater Brine flies on algal mat © Hugh Lloyd From here we returned to the hummingbird feeders in Lee Vining and saw the same hummingbird species as yesterday - Anna’s, Black-chinned, Rufous, Calliope and Broad-tailed. Along the road to the Tamarack Flat Campground in Yosemite, we stopped to enjoy our best flock. The highlight was a Townsend’s Warbler, but there were Red-breasted and White-breasted nuthatches and Mountain Chickadees, along with Hermit, Yellow, Yellow-rumped, Nashville, Orange-crowned, Black-throated Gray and Wilson's warblers. Two of you saw the Black Swift and later Sandi would see a Vaux’s. We had a quick look at a White-headed Woodpecker, but the best was yet to come when at the turnaround place we called in both Red- breasted and Williamson’s sapsuckers!!! It was a great way to end our birding day.
Recommended publications
  • 14Th North American Arctic Goose Conference and Workshop Program and Abstracts
    14th North American Arctic Goose Conference and Workshop Lincoln, Nebraska March 13-17, 2018 Program and Abstracts 14th North American Arctic Goose Conference and Workshop Program and Abstracts Table of Contents Welcome ................................................................................... 1 General Information ................................................................... 2 Conference Center Map ............................................................. 3 Conference Sponsors ................................................................ 4 Conference Committees ............................................................ 5 Plenary Speakers ...................................................................... 6 Meeting Schedule ...................................................................... 9 Abstracts–Plenaries ................................................................ 15 Abstracts–Oral Presentations .................................................. 17 Abstracts–Poster Presentations............................................... 43 14th North American Arctic Goose Conference and Workshop Lincoln, Nebraska March 13-17, 2018 We are pleased to welcome you to Lincoln and the 14th North American Arctic Goose Conference and Workshop! Lincoln is the state capital of Nebraska and home to the University of Nebraska. March is a special time in Nebraska. Millions of ducks and geese and a half-million sandhill cranes have or will come through the state stopping and “fueling” up before they migrate on to their
    [Show full text]
  • Purple Martin Monitoring After a Wildfire in the Lincoln
    PURPLE MARTIN MONITORING AFTER A WILDFIRE IN THE LINCOLN NATIONAL FOREST, NEW MEXICO – 2007 RESULTS Submitted To: Prepared By: USDA Forest Service Hawks Aloft, Inc. Danney Salas P.O. Box 10028 Sacramento Ranger District Albuquerque, New Mexico 87184 1101 New York Avenue (505) 828-9455 Alamogordo, New Mexico 87571 Website: www.hawksaloft.org E-mail Contact: [email protected] Purple Martin Conservation Association John Tautin 301 Peninsula Dr., Suite 6 Erie, Pennsylvania 16505 15 February 2008 Purple Martins in the Lincoln National Forest TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2 STUDY AREA ....................................................................................................................3 METHODS ..........................................................................................................................4 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................7 DISCUSSION......................................................................................................................9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................13 LITERATURE CITED ......................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Elbroch Et Al 2017 Benefiting from Carrion Provided by Pumas
    Biological Conservation 215 (2017) 123–131 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Short communication Vertebrate diversity benefiting from carrion provided by pumas and other MARK subordinate, apex felids ⁎ L. Mark Elbroch , Connor O'Malley, Michelle Peziol, Howard B. Quigley Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Carrion promotes biodiversity and ecosystem stability, and large carnivores provide this resource throughout the Biodiversity year. In particular, apex felids subordinate to other carnivores contribute more carrion to ecological commu- Carnivores nities than other predators. We measured vertebrate scavenger diversity at puma (Puma concolor) kills in the Food webs Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, and utilized a model-comparison approach to determine what variables influ- Scavenging enced scavenger diversity (Shannon's H) at carcasses. We documented the highest vertebrate scavenger diversity of any study to date (39 birds and mammals). Scavengers represented 10.9% of local birds and 28.3% of local mammals, emphasizing the diversity of food-web vectors supported by pumas, and the positive contributions of pumas and potentially other subordinate, apex felids to ecological stability. Scavenger diversity at carcasses was most influenced by the length of time the carcass was sampled, and the biological variables, temperature and prey weight. Nevertheless, diversity was relatively consistent across carcasses. We also identified six additional stalk- and-ambush carnivores weighing > 20 kg, that feed on prey larger than themselves, and are subordinate to other predators. Together with pumas, these seven felids may provide distinctive ecological functions through their disproportionate production of carrion and subsequent contributions to biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Fitness Costs and Benefits of Egg Ejection by Gray Catbirds
    FITNESS COSTS AND BENEFITS OF EGG EJECTION BY GRAY CATBIRDS BY JANICE C. LORENZANA Ajhesis presented to the University of Manitoba in fulfillment of the thesis requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Zoology Winnipeg, Manitoba Janice C. Lorenzana (C) April 1999 National Library Bibfiot hèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395,rue Wellington Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 Onawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your ble Vorre derence Our fi& Narre fetefmce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microforni. vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fi-orn it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Canada THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STZTDIES ***** COPYRIGEIT PERMISSION PAGE Fitness Costs and Benefits of Egg Ejection by Gray Catbirds BY Janice C. Lorenzana A Thesis/Practicurn submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial Mfiilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Permission has been granted to the Library of The University of Manitoba to lend QB sell copies of this thesis/practicum, to the National Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or seli copies of the film, and to Dissertations Abstracts International to publish an abstract of this thesis/practicum.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Technical Report for the Nichols Mine Project
    Biological Technical Report for the Nichols Mine Project June 8, 2016 Prepared for: Nichols Road Partners, LLC P.O. Box 77850 Corona, CA 92877 Prepared by: Alden Environmental, Inc. 3245 University Avenue, #1188 San Diego, CA 92104 Nichols Road Mine Project Biological Technical Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Location ..................................................................................................1 1.2 Project Description ..............................................................................................1 2.0 METHODS & SURVEY LIMITATIONS .................................................................1 2.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................1 2.2 Biological Surveys ..............................................................................................2 2.2.1 Vegetation Mapping..................................................................................3 2.2.2 Jurisdictional Delineations of Waters of U.S. and Waters of the State ....4 2.2.3 Sensitive Species Surveys .........................................................................4 2.2.4 Survey Limitations ....................................................................................5 2.2.5 Nomenclature ............................................................................................5 3.0 REGULATORY
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies
    Wildlife of the North Hills: Birds, Animals, Butterflies Oakland, California 2005 About this Booklet The idea for this booklet grew out of a suggestion from Anne Seasons, President of the North Hills Phoenix Association, that I compile pictures of local birds in a form that could be made available to residents of the north hills. I expanded on that idea to include other local wildlife. For purposes of this booklet, the “North Hills” is defined as that area on the Berkeley/Oakland border bounded by Claremont Avenue on the north, Tunnel Road on the south, Grizzly Peak Blvd. on the east, and Domingo Avenue on the west. The species shown here are observed, heard or tracked with some regularity in this area. The lists are not a complete record of species found: more than 50 additional bird species have been observed here, smaller rodents were included without visual verification, and the compiler lacks the training to identify reptiles, bats or additional butterflies. We would like to include additional species: advice from local experts is welcome and will speed the process. A few of the species listed fall into the category of pests; but most - whether resident or visitor - are desirable additions to the neighborhood. We hope you will enjoy using this booklet to identify the wildlife you see around you. Kay Loughman November 2005 2 Contents Birds Turkey Vulture Bewick’s Wren Red-tailed Hawk Wrentit American Kestrel Ruby-crowned Kinglet California Quail American Robin Mourning Dove Hermit thrush Rock Pigeon Northern Mockingbird Band-tailed
    [Show full text]
  • Violet-Green Swallow
    Breeding Habitat Use Profile Habitats Used in Arizona Primary: Montane Riparian Secondary: Montane Forests, locally Upper Sonoran Desert Key Habitat Parameters Plant Composition Most montane forest types, often with some element of riparian, wetland, open water or 8 other moist habitat types Plant Density and Unknown Size Violet-green Swallow, photo by ©George Andrejko Microhabitat Snags, live trees, or cliffs for nesting, mesic Features areas with high insect productivity for forag- Conservation Profile ing 8; in wooded landscapes, often noted foraging and nesting near forest clearings Species Concerns and edges. Climate Change (Droughts) Increasing Fire Frequency Landscape Largely unknown, but must include some Timber Harvesting Practices old-growth forests or cliffs Conservation Status Lists Elevation Range in Arizona USFWS 1 No 3,200 – 10,500 feet, locally to 1,200 feet 9 AZGFD 2 No Density Estimate DoD 3 No Territory Size: Unknown BLM 4 No Density: Unknown, sometimes occurs in loose colonies 8 PIF Watch List 5b No PIF Regional Concern 5a No Migratory Bird Treaty Act Natural History Profile Covered Seasonal Distribution in Arizona PIF Breeding Population Size Estimates 6 Breeding April – early August, desert nesting may Arizona 710,000 ◑ begin in March 9 Global 7,200,000 ◑ Migration February – April; August – mid-October 9 9.93% Percent in Arizona Winter Rare, very small numbers 5b PIF Population Goal Nest and Nesting Habits Maintain 8 Type of Nest Cavity or crevice Trends in Arizona Nest Substrate Tree, rock, or cliff; also artificial
    [Show full text]
  • 90 Records of the “Western Flycatcher” in Florida, With
    Florida Field Naturalist 48(3):90–98, 2020. RECORDS OF THE “WESTERN FLYCATCHER” IN FLORIDA, WITH EMPHASIS ON A VOCAL INDIVIDUAL THAT UTTERED CALL-NOTES CONSISTENT WITH PACIFIC-SLOPE FLYCATCHER (Empidonax difficilis) BILL PRANTY,1 DONALD FRASER,2 AND VALERI PONZO3 18515 Village Mill Row, Bayonet Point, Florida 34667-2662 Email: [email protected] 22181 Gulf View Boulevard, Dunedin, Florida 34698 Email: [email protected] 3725 Center Road, Sarasota, Florida 34240 Email: [email protected] In 1989, members of the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list Committee (American Ornithologists’ Union 1989) agreed that the Western Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) complex consisted of two species: the Pacific-slope Flycatcher E.( difficilis) and the Cordilleran Flycatcher (E. occidentalis). These former subspecies were elevated to species status based on Johnson (1980) and Johnson and Marten (1988), who reported on apparent genetic and vocal differences and assortative pairing. However, Johnson (1980, 1994) found a mixed population breeding in northern California, and Rush et al. (2009) found hybridization and introgression in southwestern Canada. These discoveries have led some ornithologists to suggest that the two taxa should not have been elevated to separate species. Outside of the hybrid zones, however, Pacific-slope Flycatchers and Cordilleran Flycatchers maintain separate populations, with consistent genetic and vocal differences (Rush et al. 2009). The “Western Flycatcher” was not known to occur in Florida until recently (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992, Stevenson and Anderson 1994, Greenlaw et al. 2014). Pranty (1996) cited a probable report at Gulf Breeze, Santa Rosa County, Florida, on 28 December 1995 by Bob, Lucy, and Scot Duncan. The first verifiable record was thought to have been discovered in 2015, but an earlier, unpublished record, dating to 2004, was posted to eBird ten years later.
    [Show full text]
  • Nest-Site Selection by Western Screech-Owls in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona
    Western North American Naturalist Volume 63 Number 4 Article 16 12-3-2003 Nest-site selection by Western Screech-Owls in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona Paul C. Hardy University of Arizona, Tucson Michael L. Morrison University of California, Bishop Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan Recommended Citation Hardy, Paul C. and Morrison, Michael L. (2003) "Nest-site selection by Western Screech-Owls in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona," Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 63 : No. 4 , Article 16. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol63/iss4/16 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Western North American Naturalist 63(4), ©2003, pp. 533-537 NEST~SITE SELECTION BY WESTERN SCREECH~OWLS IN THE SONORAN DESERT, ARIZONA Paul C. Hardyl,2 and Michael L. Morrison3 Key words: Gila Woodpecker, Gilded Flicker, nest-site selection, Otus kennicottii, saguaro cacti, Sonoran Desert, West­ ern Screech~Owl. The Western ScreecbOwl (Otus kennicottii) valley includes the creosote (Larrea triden­ is a small, nocturnal, secondary caVity-nesting tata)~white bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) series, bird that is a year-round resident throughout and in runnels and washes, the mixed-scrub much of western North America and Mexico series (Turner and Brown 1994). Temperatures (Marshall 1957, Phillips et al. 1964, AOU 1983, for the Arizona Upland and Lower Colorado Johnsgard 1988, Cannings and Angell 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • The First Record of Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius Hiaticula) in British Columbia
    The First Record of Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) in British Columbia. By Rick Toochin. Submitted: April 15, 2019. Introduction and Distribution The Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) is a widespread Old World shorebird species that is found breeding in the Arctic and subarctic regions from Greenland, Europe, east to Siberia (O’Brien et al. 2006). In North America, this species breeds on Baffin Island, eastern Ellesmere Island (Godfrey 1986). The Common Ringed Plover winters primarily from Western Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, throughout Africa, including Madagascar, and the Middle East (Hayman et al. 1986, O’Brien et al. 2006, Brazil 2009). There are three recognized subspecies of the Common Ringed Plover (Thies et al. 2018). Distinction between the subspecies is based on moult; with features changing clinally North to South, rather than East to West, making it impossible to draw a dividing line in Northwestern Europe (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Snow and Perrins 1998). The nominate subspecies of Common Ringed Plover is (C. h. hiaticula ) which breeds from southern Scandinavia to Great Britain, and northwestern France (Wiersma et al. 2019). This subspecies winters from Great Britain, south into Africa (del Hoyo et al. 1996, Snow and Perrins 1998). The second subspecies of the Common Ringed Plover is (C. h. tundrae) which is found breeding from northern Scandinavia, and northern Russia east to the Chukotskiy Peninsula, and is a casual breeder also in the northern Bering Sea region of Alaska on St Lawrence Island (Wiersma et al. 2019). This subspecies winters in the Caspian Sea region, and from Southwest Asia, south and east to South Africa (Wiersma et al.
    [Show full text]
  • California Towhee Responses to Chick Distress Calls
    The Condor 109:79–87 # The Cooper Ornithological Society 2007 OFFSPRING DISCRIMINATION WITHOUT RECOGNITION: CALIFORNIA TOWHEE RESPONSES TO CHICK DISTRESS CALLS LAURYN BENEDICT1 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract. Accurate offspring discrimination improves parental fitness by ensuring appropriate parental investment. In colonial avian species, offspring discrimination is often mediated by recognition of individual offspring vocalizations, but spatially segregated species do not necessarily need sophisticated recognition abilities if parents can use alternative information to distinguish offspring from nonoffspring. I experimen- tally tested the hypothesis that territorial California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) parents use a location-based decision rule, instead of true vocal recognition of offspring, when deciding whether to respond to chick distress calls. Accurate responses to offspring distress calls should be favored by natural selection because they can have large fitness benefits if parents succeed in chasing away potential nest predators. Responses to nonoffspring, in contrast, may be costly and should not be favored by natural selection. Towhee parents were presented with a series of three playback experiments in which I manipulated the identity of the vocalizing chick, the age of resident chicks, and the location of the distress call broadcast. Parents showed no evidence of individual vocal recognition and no pattern of differential response to distress calls when offspring age differed from that of the calling chick. Parents did, however, exhibit a significant tendency to approach distress calls originating near their offspring more often than distress calls originating elsewhere on their territory. These results provide support for the evolution of an offspring discrimination strategy based on a simple location-based decision rule instead of true vocal recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • ON 1196 NEW.Fm
    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 25: 237–243, 2014 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society NON-RANDOM ORIENTATION IN WOODPECKER CAVITY ENTRANCES IN A TROPICAL RAIN FOREST Daniel Rico1 & Luis Sandoval2,3 1The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska. 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, Canada, N9B3P4. 3Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica, CP 2090. E-mail: [email protected] Orientación no al azar de las entradas de las cavidades de carpinteros en un bosque tropical. Key words: Pale-billed Woodpecker, Campephilus guatemalensis, Chestnut-colored Woodpecker, Celeus castaneus, Lineated Woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus, Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Melanerpes pucherani, Costa Rica, Picidae. INTRODUCTION tics such as vegetation coverage of the nesting substrate, surrounding vegetation, and forest Nest site selection play’s one of the main roles age (Aitken et al. 2002, Adkins Giese & Cuth- in the breeding success of birds, because this bert 2003, Sandoval & Barrantes 2006). Nest selection influences the survival of eggs, orientation also plays an important role in the chicks, and adults by inducing variables such breeding success of woodpeckers, because the as the microclimatic conditions of the nest orientation positively influences the microcli- and probability of being detected by preda- mate conditions inside the nest cavity (Hooge tors (Viñuela & Sunyer 1992). Although et al. 1999, Wiebe 2001), by reducing the woodpecker nest site selections are well estab- exposure to direct wind currents, rainfalls, lished, the majority of this information is and/or extreme temperatures (Ardia et al. based on temperate forest species and com- 2006). Cavity entrance orientation showed munities (Newton 1998, Cornelius et al.
    [Show full text]