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Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria I Praktyka 2021, Nr 3 (XLIV): Wyzwania Dla KRAKOWskA AkADEMIA IM. ANDRZEJA FRYCZA MODRZEWSKIEGO ANDRZEJ FRYCZ MODRZEWSKI KRAKOW UNIVERSITY Bezpieczeństwo TEORIA I PRAKTYKA SECURITY THEORY AND PRACTICE THE AGE OF FEAR. 20 YEARS LatER edited by Marcin Lasoń, Maciej Klisz e-ISSN 2451-0718 Kraków 2021 ISSN 1899-6264 Nr 3 (XLIV) security THEORY AND PRACTICE THE AGE OF FEAR. 20 YEARS LatER edited by Marcin Lasoń, Maciej Klisz number 3 (XLIV), July–September, Krakow 2021 numer 3 (XLIV), lipiec–wrzesień, Kraków 2021 Bezpieczeństwo TEORIA I PRAKTYKA WyzWania dLa bezpieczeństWa W dWudziestą rocznicę zaMachu na WorLd trade center redakcja Marcin Lasoń, Maciej Klisz numer 3 (XLIV), lipiec–wrzesień, Kraków 2021 Adres redakcji Bezpieczeństwo ul. Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, A, pok. 219 TEORIA I PRAKTYKA 30-705 Kraków Kwartalnik tel. (12) 25 24 665 Krakowskiej Akademii e-mail: [email protected] im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego btip.ka.edu.pl Czasopismo punktowane w rankingu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego oraz indeksowane w następujących bazach: Repozytorium eRIKA. Repozytorium Instytucjonalne Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego; PBN. Polska Bibliografia Naukowa; Index Copernicus; CEJSH. The Central European Journal of Social Sciences; CEEOL. Central and Eastern European Online Library; BazHum Czasopismo „Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka” uzyskało dofinansowanie Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach programu „Wsparcie dla czasopism naukowych” (2019–2020) Rada Wydawnicza Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego Klemens Budzowski, Maria Kapiszewska, Zbigniew Maciąg, Jacek M. Majchrowski Rada Naukowa Isabela de Andrade Gama (Brazylia), Mieczysław Bieniek (Polska), Ján Buzalka (Słowacja), Anatolij Demianczuk (Ukraina), Taras Finikov (Ukraina), Jochen Franzke (Niemcy), Marco Gestri (Włochy), Thomas Jäger (Niemcy), Arie M. Kacowicz (Izrael), Lutz Kleinwächter (Niemcy), Magdolna Láczay (Węgry), Krzysztof Malinowski (Polska), Sławomir Mazur (Polska), Ben D. Mor (Izrael), Sandhya Sastry (Wielka Brytania), Yu-Chung Shen (Tajwan), Jan Widacki (Polska), Wiesław Wróblewski (Polska – przewodniczący) Redaktor naczelny Beata Molo Redaktorzy tematyczni Beata Molo – nauki o polityce i administracji Robert Borkowski – nauki o bezpieczeństwie Andrzej Chodyński – nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości Marcin Lasoń – nauki o polityce i administracji, nauki o bezpieczeństwie Redaktor statystyczny Piotr Stefanów Tłumaczenie, weryfikacja, korekta język angielski: Ilona Kaliszuk-Rogala język niemiecki: Wojciech Rynduch-Walecki język rosyjski: Oleg Aleksejczuk „Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka” jest w pełni Redaktor językowy otwartym czasopismem (Open Access Journals) Agnieszka Boniatowska wydawanym na licencji CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 PL btip.ka.edu.pl Projekt okładki Oleg Aleksejczuk Redakcja nie zwraca materiałów niezamówionych. Decyzja o opublikowaniu tekstu uzależniona jest Łamanie od opinii redakcji i dwóch recenzentów. Redakcja Oleg Aleksejczuk zastrzega sobie prawo modyfikowania tytułów i skracania tekstów przeznaczonych do druku. Copyright© by Na zlecenie Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego Krakowskiej Akademii Kraków 2021 im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego www.ka.edu.pl e-ISSN 2451-0718 Wydawca ISSN 1899-6264 Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Wersją pierwotną czasopisma jest wydanie elektroniczne. Modrzewskiego, Kraków 2021 Bezpieczeństwo security TEORIA I PRAKTYKA THEORY AND PRACTICE e-ISSN 2451-0718 2021 ISSN 1899-6264 No. 3 (XLIV) Contents Marcin Lasoń, Maciej Klisz: The Age of Fear. 20 Years Later: Introduction 13 Articles AND Materials Robert Reczkowski, Andrzej Lis: ‘The Day that Changed the World’: The Security Environment 20 Years after the WTC Attacks 19 Sondre Lindahl: 20 Years with the Global War on Terror: A Critical Evaluation and Thoughts on How to Prevent Future Terrorism 35 Krzysztof Kubiak, Roman S. Czarny: War in the Era of the Sum of All Fears and the Monopolization of the Information Space 47 Kazimierz Kraj: Why Should Poland Not Be Afraid of a War with Russia? 59 Michał Strzelecki: Terrorism in the Russian Federation: Fear and Threat or Tool and Opportunity? 71 Łukasz Gacek: China: Paving the Way to Carbon Neutrality 85 Rajmund Mydel: The Regional Security Environment of Japan 101 Negar Partow: War on Terror and Islamisation of Brunei 115 Raymond John Buemberger: Post-9/11 Transnational Threats in Colombia: The Risk to National and Regional Security and Stability 129 Terry Johanson: Kua Takoto Te Manuka: Meeting the Challenges of New Zealand’s Contemporary Strategic Environment 141 Felipe Quero: From Fear to Disorder. A Vision from Spain 155 Alex Issa: The Fragmented Middle East: Persistent Insecurity, Rising Instability 169 Tomasz Białas: Fear as a Determining Factor in the Development of Special Forces and the Territorial Defence Forces in Poland in the 21st Century 179 Contents varia Ray Wojcik: The US post-1989 Strategy: Revisionist Powers and NATO’s East Flank 195 Elmer Suderio: The Philippines’ Painful and Sluggish Journey Towards External Defence 205 Reviews Jarosław Wiśnicki: Paweł Semmler, Rosja we krwi. Terroryzm dwóch dekad [Russia in Blood. Terrorism over two decades] (in Polish) 219 Karolina Kuśmirek: Mirosław Banasik, Rywalizacja, presja i agresja Federacji Rosyjskiej. Konsekwencje dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego [Rivalry, Pressure and Aggression of the Russian Federation. The Consequences for International Security] (in Polish) 221 Bulletins, Reports Tomasz Marcinkowski, Juliusz Sikorski: Discussion meetings at the Jakub of Paradies University in Gorzow Wielkopolski 227 Publication ethics 229 Bezpieczeństwo security TEORIA I PRAKTYKA THEORY AND PRACTICE e-ISSN 2451-0718 2021 ISSN 1899-6264 Nr 3 (XLIV) Spis treści Marcin Lasoń, Maciej Klisz: Wyzwania dla bezpieczeństwa w dwudziestą rocznicę zamachu na World Trade Center. Wprowadzenie 13 ArtykułY I materiałY Robert Reczkowski, Andrzej Lis: Dzień, który zmienił świat: środowisko bezpieczeństwa 20 lat po ataku na WTC 19 Sondre Lindahl: 20 lat globalnej wojny z terroryzmem. Krytyczna ocena i uwagi na temat zapobiegania terroryzmowi 35 Krzysztof Kubiak, Roman S. Czarny: Wojna w epoce sumy wszystkich strachów i monopolizacji przestrzeni informacyjnej 47 Kazimierz Kraj: Dlaczego Polska nie powinna obawiać się wojny z Rosją? 59 Michał Strzelecki: Terroryzm w Federacji Rosyjskiej: obawy i zagrożenie czy narzędzie i sposobność 71 Łukasz Gacek: Chiny: w drodze do neutralności węglowej 85 Rajmund Mydel: Regionalne środowisko bezpieczeństwa Japonii 101 Negar Partow: Wojna z terrorem i islamizacja Brunei 115 Raymond John Buemberger: Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa w Kolumbii po zamachach na World Trade Center: ryzyko dla narodowego i regionalnego bezpieczeństwa i stabilności 129 Terry Johanson: Kua takoto te manuka: mierzenie się z wyzwaniami ewolucji środowiska bezpieczeństwa Nowej Zelandii po 11 września 2001 roku 141 Felipe Quero: Od strachu do chaosu. Spojrzenie z Hiszpanii 155 Alex Issa: Podzielony Bliski Wschód: trwała niepewność, rosnąca niestabilność 169 Spis treści Tomasz Białas: Strach jako czynnik determinujący rozwój Wojsk Specjalnych oraz Wojsk Obrony Terytorialnej w Polsce w XXI wieku 179 varia Ray Wojcik: Amerykańska strategia po 1989 roku: mocarstwa rewizjonistyczne, a wschodnia flanka NATO 195 Elmer Suderio: Bolesna i krwawa droga Filipin do bezpieczeństwa 205 RECENZJE Jarosław Wiśnicki: Paweł Semmler, Rosja we krwi. Terroryzm dwóch dekad 219 Karolina Kuśmirek: Mirosław Banasik, Rywalizacja, presja i agresja Federacji Rosyjskiej. Konsekwencje dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego 221 Komunikaty, sprawozdania Tomasz Marcinkowski, Juliusz Sikorski: Spotkania dyskusyjne w Akademii im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim 227 Etyka wydawnicza 229 Bezpieczeństwo security TEORIA I PRAKTYKA THEORY AND PRACTICE e-ISSN 2451-0718 2021 ISSN 1899-6264 Nr. 3 (XLIV) Inhaltsverzeichnis Marcin Lasoń, Maciej Klisz: Das Zeitalter der Angst. 20 Jahre später: Inhaltsverzeichnis 13 BEITRÄGE UND Materialien Robert Reczkowski, Andrzej Lis: ‚Der Tag, der die Welt veränderte‘: Das Sicherheitsumfeld 20 Jahre nach den Anschlägen auf das WTC 19 Sondre Lindahl: 20 Jahre globaler Krieg gegen den Terror: Kritische Betrachtungen und Überlegungen, wie Terrorismus in der Zukunft verhindert werden kann 35 Krzysztof Kubiak, Roman S. Czarny: Krieg in der Ära der Summe aller Ängste und die Monopolisierung des Informationsraums 47 Kazimierz Kraj: Warum muss Polen keine Angst vor einem Krieg mit Russland haben? 59 Michał Strzelecki: Terrorismus in der Russischen Föderation: Angst und Gefahr oder Instrument und Chance? 71 Łukasz Gacek: China: Weichenstellung für die Klimaneutralität 85 Rajmund Mydel: Das regionale Sicherheitsumfeld Japans 101 Negar Partow: Krieg gegen den Terrorismus und Islamisierung von Brunei 115 Raymond John Buemberger: Transnationale Gefahren in Kolumbien nach dem 11. September: Risiko für nationale und regionale Sicherheit und Stabilität 129 Terry Johanson: Kua takoto te manuka: Die Herausforderungen des Strategieumfelds in Neuseeland nach dem 11. September 141 Felipe Quero: Von der Angst zum Chaos. Eine Vision aus Spanien 155 Alex Issa: Der zersplitterte Nahe Osten: anhaltende Unsicherheit, zunehmende Instabilität 169 Inhaltsverzeichnis Tomasz Białas: Angst als entscheidender Faktor für die Entwicklung von Spezialeinheiten und der Armee zur Territorialverteidigung in Polen im 21. Jahrhundert 179 varia Ray Wojcik: Die US-Strategie nach 1989: revisionistische Mächte und die NATO-Ostflanke 195 Elmer Suderio: Der schmerzhafte und stockende
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