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What Does a NATO Secretary General Do? NATO: How to Keep in Shape At What does a NATO NATO: how to keep NATO's 60 years How much do you really Secretary General do? in shape at 60 in photos know about NATO? 10 16 20 20 questions to test you 30 It's still around. At www.nato.int/review The world has changed. And so has NATO Review. What's changed? • Monthly editions online • Shorter sharper pieces • Greater use of modern media: video debates, photostories What's the same? NATO Review still offers the same high quality, thought provoking analysis provided by those inside and outside NATO's security ¿ eld. And it is still in 26 languages (soon to be 28). Upcoming issues: • The Arctic: too hot to ignore? • NATO at 60 • Petraeus, Obama and Afghanistan • World ¿ nancial crisis: what it means for security • EAPC Partnership special • Organised crime: a universal security threat? • The coming role of Asia • The future of states • Maritime security: sink or swim? • NATO, the EU and the future of security Published under the authority of the Secretary Articles may be reproduced, after permission General, NATO Review is intended to has been obtained from the editor, provided contribute to a constructive discussion of mention is made of NATO Review and signed Publisher: Jean-François Bureau Atlantic issues. Articles, therefore, do not articles are reproduced with the author’s Editorial Director: Gerlinde Niehus necessarily represent offi cial opinion or policy name. Editor: Paul King of member governments or NATO. Production Assistant: Emmanuel Maduike Every mention in this publication of the former Tel: +32 2 707 4283 NATO Review is an online magazine which Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is marked Fax: +32 2 707 4579 comes out 10 times a year at www.nato.int/ by an asterisk (*). This refers to the following E-mail: [email protected] review. It is available in 22 NATO country footnote: Turkey recognises the Republic of [email protected] languages (soon to be 24), as well as Arabic, Macedonia with its constitutional name. Web address: www.nato.int/review Hebrew, Russian and Ukrainian. 2 NATO at 60: Deep roots, new branches NATO at 60 4 NATO: facing changes, Introduction by NATO Secretary General making changes Security, our common mission 7 1949, the year that NATO was established, Germany's Chancellor Merkel and France's President Sarkozy set out was dripping with reminders of the past their vision of how security can best be achieved and signs of the future. A valued Alliance of values The world was still awakening from the 9 Kurt Volker, US Ambassador to NATO, outlines the Obama nightmare of the Second World War. Administration's outlook on NATO at 60. Rationing of clothes in the UK, a wartime necessity, came to an end. Berlin, the NATO Secretary General: a changing job description? heart of the Third Reich four years earlier, 10 Th e NATO Secretary General role is much like NATO: it has evolved was now torn in half, with the West part greatly over the years. Ryan Hendrickson tells the tale of the people who being blockaded by the USSR. made those changes. Growing disagreements with the Soviets took on a new hue, with the explosion of Voices from history 14 their fi rst atomic bomb in 1949. It was also Many politicians, experts and academics have used the pages the year that Communists won the Chinese of NATO Review over the years to predict the future. Here, civil war. Fears over growing totalitarianism we print a selection of their quotes. were embodied in George Orwell’s book published that year, entitled ‘1984’. Keeping in shape at 60 16 Daniel Korski outlines what he thinks the Alliance's main challenges But as well as fears, there were also signs are in the coming years. And off ers some advice. of progress. The fi rst computer with a memory was made in 1949. The fi rst non- 60 years in photos stop fl ight around the globe was made by 20 Th is photostory off ers snapshots of NATO's history, from its people a US Air Force plane. to its operations, from its fi rst years to this year. In the midst of this, NATO was formed. It was in part a response to two strong Decision time: NATO’s hard choices for the future 28 emotions at the time: fear and hope. The Charles Kupchan, Senior Fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations, fear of an uncertain, and rapidly changing, highlights three areas crucial to NATO's future. world order was tangible. But so was the hope that the worst was behind us. NATO, Are you a NATO expert? 30 a defensive force, became a major player Th ink you know about NATO? Th ese 20 questions will test almost immediately in this context. whether you're right. The intervening years, up to 2009, have From AMF to NRF seen a breadth and pace of change un- 32 Th e debate over NATO's rapid reaction forces is never over. Here matched in human civilisation. Space ex- Diego Ruiz Palmer describes the developments up to the present day. ploration, digital communication and mass international travel have made the world Don’t forget the science bit… smaller and more interconnected. 38 Knowledge is power – and science is a key provider of knowledge. But despite these advances, the emotions Professor Sir Brian Heap explains how science came to be a NATO activity. of fear and hope remain strong today. And so does NATO. NATO's new Strategic Concept: a parliamentary view 40 Paul King As NATO prepares its new Strategic Concept, former Norwegian Editor, NATO Review Foreign Minister Jan Petersen outlines what he feels needs including. Cover photo: fotolia.fr 3 Jaap de Hoop Scheff er, NATO's Secretary General, outlines the three major challenges he sees facing the NATO Alliance. As NATO celebrates its 60th anniversary, it is in greater achievements. Indeed, the Summit venue itself demand than ever before. The Alliance is keeping the testifi es to NATO’s success in facilitating Europe’s peace in Kosovo, it is engaged in both stabilisation post-war reconciliation. But while past achievements tasks and combat operations in Afghanistan, runs an may inspire confi dence for the future, they cannot anti-terrorist naval operation in the Mediterranean, substitute for new thinking and new policies. As NATO assists defence reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina, enters its seventh decade, it needs to overcome trains Iraqi security forces, and provides support to a series of challenges that are more diffi cult and the African Union. NATO is at the heart of a vast and complex than anything it has ever faced before. expanding network of partnerships with countries from The Strasbourg/Kehl Summit must therefore not be across the globe and is developing closer cooperation confi ned to self-congratulatory statements. On the with key civilian institutions. And the Alliance’s contrary, this Summit is a key opportunity to move enlargement process remains a strong incentive for NATO’s evolution another major step forward. aspirant countries to get their house in order. Three challenges stand out. In short, at age 60, NATO has become such an indispensable part of the international security The fi rst challenge is Afghanistan. To make a success environment that it is hard to imagine that it ever of our engagement there, we need to better match could have been otherwise. And yet it was. The initial our ambitions with the means that we are willing to duration of the 1949 Washington Treaty was modestly deploy. I sincerely hope that all Allies would be able to set at 20 years, by which time, it was assumed, the step up their contributions. We have had considerable post-war recovery of Western Europe would have success in training and equipping the Afghan National been completed and the transatlantic defence pact Army, and we must build on that progress. The ability become obsolete. Few of the people who were of the Afghan Police to play its role in providing present at NATO’s creation would have dared to hope security and stability is essential. There is a lot more that this Alliance would not only outlast the Cold War that we – and the international community as a conditions that brought it into being, but indeed thrive whole – can do on the civilian side – in helping the in a radically different security environment. Afghans to build functioning institutions, to fi ght crime and corruption, and get a better grip of the narcotics The reason why NATO turned from a temporary problem. What we must guard against at all cost is project into a permanent one is not diffi cult to fathom. individual nations taking a narrow view of their specifi c It is because the logic of transatlantic security role in a particular geographical or functional area. It cooperation is timeless. The need for Europe and is vital that we all keep our eyes on the overall picture, North America to tackle security challenges together and continue our engagement in Afghanistan as a remains as pressing today as it was 60 years ago. common, transatlantic endeavour. So does the need for a transatlantic institutional framework which allows for political consultation, The overall picture stretches well beyond Afghanistan. joint decisions, and common action. Only NATO can It includes the wider region, and especially Pakistan, provide this framework. with which we must deepen our engagement. Moreover, we must get our military and civilian When our Heads of State and Government meet institutions to co-operate much more closely and at NATO’s 60th Anniversary Summit in Strasbourg, more effectively.
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