Culture in Sustainable Development Investing in Cultural and Natural Endowments
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized rt~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~. ~~t n- 4c~W s (.rc Public Disclosure Authorized _7l _ __ j z Public Disclosure Authorized emust respectthe rootednessof people in VV their own societalcontext. We must protect the heritageof the past. But we must alsofoster and promote living culturein all its manyforms. As recent economicanalyses have consistentlyshown, this also makes sound businesssense. From tourism to restoration, investmentsin culturalheritage and related industriespromote labor-intensiveeconomic activitiesthat generatewealth and income. James D. Wolfensohn President World Bank Culture draws on the boundlesshuman k-.4capacityfor creativediversity and is both a key ingredientand an essentialgoal of endogenous,sustainable development. UNESCOworks to improveunderstanding of the unique relationshipbetween culture, diversity,and development,whichforms a centralfoundationof a culture of peace. Federico Mayor Director-General UNESCO Culture in Sustainable Development Investing in Cultural and Natural Endowments Proceedings of the Conferenceon Culturein Sustainable Development:Investing in Culturaland Natural Endowments held at the World Bank in Washington, D.C. on September 28-29, 1998. Conference proceedings can be found on the World Wide Web: http://www.worldbank.org/csd Conference sponsored by the World Bank and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Ismail Serageldin Joan Martin-Brown Editors Copyright C 1999 The Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing April 1999 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specific clients, or for educational classroom use is granted by the World Bank, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,U.S.A., telephone 978-750-8400,fax 978-750-4470.Please contact the Copyright Clearance Center before photocopying items. For permission to reprint individual articles or chapters, please fax your request with complete information to the Republication Department, Copyright Clearance Center, fax 978-750-4470. All other queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the World Bank at the address above or faxed to 202-522-2422. Cover artwork designed by Tomoko Hirata from photos by Curt Carnemark (World Bank), Michel Christen (Council of Europe), and Tom Lam. Ismail Serageldin is vice president, Special Programs, at the World Bank. Joan Martin-Brown is adviser to the vice president, Special Programs. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Culture in sustainable development: investing in cultural and natural endowments: proceedings of the conference sponsored by the World Bank and UNESCO, held at the World Bank, Washington, DC, September 28 and 29, 1998 / Ismail Serageldin and Joan Martin-Brown, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-82134466-8 1. Sustainable development-Social aspects-Congresses. 2. Economic development-Social aspects-Congresses. 3. Cultural property-Congresses. 4. Cultural policy-Congresses. I. Serageldin, Ismail, 1944- . II. Martin-Brown, Joan, 1940- III. World Bank. IV.Unesco. HD75.6.C85 1999 306.3-dc2l 99-10521 CIP Contents Letter from Hillary Rodham Clinton vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi PARTONE THEPLENARY 1 The Culture and Development Paradigm 3 Welcome Maritta Koch-Weser 3 Culture and Sustainable Development: Investing in the Promise of Societies James D. Wolfensohn 5 Opening Keynote Address: Sustaining Culture and Creative Expression in Development Elie Wiesel 8 Commentaries and Contemplations 12 Introduction Hernan Crespo Toral,presiding 12 The Natures of Culture: The Natural and Human Environment Vann Molyvann 13 The Social Dimensions of Culture and Contemporary Expressions Ali Mazrui 16 Cultural Heritage: Economic Challenges and Opportunities Enrique Iglesias 21 The Intrinsic Value of Heritage Israel Klabin 24 Cultural Heritage in the Global Information Millennium Ikuo Hirayama 27 iii iv Culture in SustainableDevelopment Economics and Culture 31 Introduction Bonnie R. Cohen, presiding 31 Economic Benefits and Public Finance: The Role of Governments Sheila Copps 33 The Role of Private Financing in Sustainable Cultural Development FrancescoFrangialli 37 The Contributions of Women in Culture and Sustainable Development 44 Introduction Gloria Davis, presiding 44 A Vision of Gender in Culture Mahnaz Afkhami 47 Culture, Gender, and Heritage in Development Lourdes Arizpe 51 Shadow Hands: Culture and Survival in Nature Dianne Dillon-Ridgley 61 Cultural Heritage and National Sustainable Development 66 Introduction, Sheltering People in the Culture of Cities Wally N'Dow, presiding 66 The British Experience Lord JacobRothschild 69 Reconstructing the Past to Build the Future- Rescue and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Aliza Cohen-Mushlin 72 Investing in Cultural Industries Milagros Del Corral 78 Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development: Requirements for the 21st Century 81 Introduction Franco Passacantando,presiding 81 Supporting the Contemporary Expression of Culture James H. Billington 82 Conserving Cultural Heritage James Allen Smith 87 Promoting Cultural Partnerships Francisco C. Weffort 92 Closing Keynote Session 95 Introduction Cesar Gaviria, presiding 95 Partnerships in the International Community for the Stewardship of Cultural Heritage and the Living Arts FedericoMayor 97 Summary of Conference Ismail Serageldin 101 Concluding Remarks James D. Wolfensohn 105 Contents v PART TwO SEMINARS, REGIONALROUNDTABLES, STUDY TOUR, AND EXHIBITION 107 Seminars 109 Creative Urban Transformations: Culture in Economic Development 109 Valuing the Invaluable: Approaches and Applications 111 Conserving Culture and Nature: The Common Ground 114 Culture and the Social Development Agenda 117 Learning and Innovation Loans for Culture and Development 120 Regional Roundtables 123 Sustaining Development through Culture in Africa 123 Heritage and Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean 130 Infrastructure Study Tour 135 Cultural Resource Preservation and Economic Development 135 Preservation as Economic Generator in the United States Donovan D. Rypkema 136 Exhibition 144 Culture and Development at the Millennium: The Challenge and the Response 144 PART THREE RESOURCES 147 UNESCO World Heritage List 149 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, The Hague Convention, Adopted 1954 160 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Adopted in Paris, 1970 162 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, The World Heritage Convention, Adopted in Paris, 1972 165 U. S. Historic Preservation Tax Incentives Program 168 Federal Tax Incentives Program for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings: A Successful Federal/State Partnership 169 Culture and Sustainable Development: Projects in Partnership 172 Conference Program 179 Bios of Conference Speakers 183 Contact Information for Conference Speakers 192 THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON September 28, 1998 Dear Friends, I would like to extend my greetings and best wishes to all of you who are gathered for this most important convening on culture in sustainable development. You represent governments, multinational institutions, nonprofit organizations and businesses. Indeed, you represent the public-private partnerships that will ensure that the work of this conference will become a powerful, ongoing global initiative. I want to salute Jim Wolfensohn for his visionary leadership and for recognizing the centrality of cultural heritage for the social and economic progress of people around the globe. Jim and I share a common commitment to this proposition, and I congratulate him on the World Bank's important contribution. I also want to welcome back to Washington my good friend, Elie Wiesel, who has given our world so much and who will provide this conference with his wise perspective. Under the theme "honor the past and imagine the future," my husband and I have embarked on a millennial program for our nation that embodies the core principles of this conference. The importance of America's cultural heritage and its living, expression in our diversity, we believe, should help chart our nation's future well into the next century. In this era of globalization, it is more critical than ever to work to create a global community where diversity is a source of strength, not division,