DOCSLIB.ORG

Republic of Austria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Republic of Austria Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION REPEAT SECOND ROUND 4 December 2016 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report Warsaw 17 March 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 2 IV. POSTAL VOTING AND ELECTION DAY PROCEDURES .......................................................... 3 A. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................ 3 B. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................................ 4 C. POSTAL VOTING ................................................................................................................................... 5 D. ELECTION DAY PROCEDURES ............................................................................................................... 7 V. RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 9 ANNEX: FINAL RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 10 ABOUT THE OSCE/ODIHR ....................................................................................................................... 12 Page: 11 REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION REPEAT SECOND ROUND 4 December 2016 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report1 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Following an invitation from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs and based on the recommendation of a Needs Assessment Mission, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR) deployed an Election Expert Team (EET) to observe the repeat second round of the presidential election held on 4 December 2016, with a special focus on the legal framework for postal voting and election day procedures. The repeat second round of the election was administered in an efficient and professional manner. The election took place against the backdrop of the annulment of the 22 May second round election results by the Constitutional Court primarily over procedural irregularities in administering the counting of postal votes. Subsequently, the repeat second round initially scheduled for 2 October was postponed due to the poor quality of glue used for the postal voting envelopes. These developments may have detracted from an otherwise high public confidence in the efficiency of the election administration. The legal framework provides a sound basis for the conduct of democratic elections and was essentially unchanged for all rounds of the election. However, in a move broadly supported by parliamentary parties, the Constitution was amended to allow those voters included in the voter lists after the first round of the election to take part in the vote. In total, some 6.4 million citizens were registered to vote on 4 December, including 56,539 citizens residing abroad. No concerns were expressed regarding the overall accuracy and inclusivity of the voter lists. The Federal Election Board supervises the work of a five-tiered election administration that mirrors the governance structure. The Federal Ministry of Interior (MoI), which takes the lead on technical preparations, issued comprehensive guidelines for election boards that specifically addressed irregularities identified by the Constitutional Court and focused on clarifying election day and postal voting procedures. Other measures included the introduction of cascade training of members of election boards, online e-learning courses and a call-centre to respond to queries. These measures were considered comprehensive and useful by election boards and parties met with by the OSCE/ODIHR EET. In line with the OSCE/ODIHR’s methodology, the OSCE/ODIHR EET did not undertake a comprehensive and systematic observation of election day procedures. However, the EET members visited a number of polling stations and intermediate election boards in Styria and Tyrol around election day. Overall, the election boards visited were well prepared and organised the electoral process, including the counting of postal votes, efficiently, transparently, and collegially. The result of the election was announced on 15 December, with the voter turnout reported at 74.21 per cent. A total of 651,726 voters (13.72 per cent of participating voters) cast a postal ballot of which a relatively high proportion (5.25 per cent) were deemed invalid, largely due to the absence of voters’ signature confirming that the vote had been made personally and in secret. 1 The English version of this report is the only official document. An unofficial translation is available in German. Republic of Austria Page: 2 Presidential Election, Repeat Second Round, 4 December 2016 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report On 7 December, the parliament promulgated legislation to create a unified centralized voter register, as previously recommended by the OSCE/ODIHR, that will come into effect on 1 January 2018. Further electoral reform efforts are widely expected to commence soon after the election. The OSCE/ODIHR stands ready to assist this process, including the follow-up of recommendations included in this and previous OSCE/ODIHR reports. II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Following an invitation from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs (MFA) to observe the repeat second round of the presidential election and based on the recommendation of a Needs Assessment Mission conducted from 25 to 26 August, the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODIHR) deployed an Election Expert Team (EET) from 28 November to 9 December. The OSCE/ODIHR EET consisted of four experts from four OSCE participating States. The EET was based in Vienna and also made visits to the provinces of Styria and Tyrol. The OSCE/ODIHR EET assessed the legal framework in respect of postal voting and election day procedures. This report is therefore limited in scope and does not offer an overall assessment of the electoral process. The specific area under review was assessed for its compliance with OSCE commitments, other international obligations and standards for democratic elections, and with national legislation. In line with the OSCE/ODIHR’s methodology, the EET did not observe election day proceedings in a systematic or comprehensive manner, but visited a limited number of polling stations. This report should be read in conjunction with the 2016 OSCE/ODIHR NAM reports, which provide additional details on the broader electoral process in Austria.2 The OSCE/ODIHR EET wishes to thank the MFA and Federal Ministry of Interior (MoI) for their co- operation and assistance, as well as to express gratitude to representatives of other public institutions, political parties, media, civil society, and other interlocutors for sharing their views. III. BACKGROUND Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine provinces. The federal president is head of state and directly elected for a six-year term, with a limit of two consecutive terms. If no candidate obtains a majority of valid votes in the first round, a second round is held between the two candidates who received the largest number of votes. The president formally holds significant powers; she/he appoints the federal chancellor and ministers, is commander-in-chief of the armed forces and may dissolve parliament. In practice, however, the president is often expected to follow the recommendations of the government, to act in a consultative manner, and provide moral leadership to the country. In the first round held on 24 April, six candidates contested the election. Mr. Norbert Hofer of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) received 35.05 per cent of the valid votes, with Mr. Alexander Van der Bellen, a member of the Green Party contesting as an independent, followed in second place with 21.34 per cent. A second round was held on 22 May between Mr. Hofer and Mr. Van der Bellen. According to the final results published on 1 June, Mr. Van der Bellen received 50.35 per cent of votes, and Mr. Hofer 49.65 per cent, with a difference of 30,863 votes. On 8 June, Mr. Hofer’s representative challenged the election results at the Constitutional Court (Court), claiming that provisions regarding postal voting were unconstitutional and that the election 2 See all previous OSCE/ODIHR reports on Austria. Republic of Austria Page: 3 Presidential Election, Repeat Second Round, 4 December 2016 OSCE/ODIHR Election Expert Team Final Report results had been affected by irregularities in administering certain aspects of the election. The complaint, in particular, noted non-adherence to general procedures for the receipt, storage, and counting of postal votes, as well as the transmission of partial election results by the Federal Election Board (FEB) to media before voting had concluded throughout the whole country. During its hearings on the complaint, the Court found a variety of procedural infringements in the counting of voting cards used for postal voting, including: premature
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parliamentary Elections in Austria -‐ Social Democrats Remain Stable, Gains for P
    Parliamentary elections in Austria - Social Democrats remain stable, gains for right-wing parties By Maria Maltschnig, director of the Karl-Renner-Institute1 October 2017 The SPÖ has retained its 52 mandates, but has had to hand over first place to the conservative ÖVP, which gained 7.5 percentage points. The SPÖ gained more than 100,000 votes in total. The SPÖ was able to win votes mostly from non-voters and former green voters, but mostly lost votes to the right-wing populist FPÖ. Overall, we see a shift of about 4% points from the left-wing parties to the right. The liberal NEOS, which cannot be attributed to either of the two camps, remained stable, while the Greens suffered heavy losses and remained below the 4% hurdle to enter the National Parliament. Even if this is hardly a landslide victory for the right-wing parties, there is still a clear shift to the right. In addition to the percentage movement in favour of the right-wing parties, a clear rhetorical and substantive reorientation of the ÖVP from being a classical conservative party to being a party with right-wing populist tendencies can also be observed. The programmes of the ÖVP and FPÖ extensively overlap. There are three major reasons for this result: 1) Since the summer of 2015, when hundreds of thousands of refugees and migrants travelled through Austria - many of whom have stayed - the issues of asylum, migration and integration have dominated the debate and are strongly associated with issues of internal security and crime. Many Austrians perceived the events of 2015 and thereafter as a severe loss of control by the state and politicians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist a Dissertation Submitted In
    The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair Professor Jason Wittenberg Professor Jacob Citrin Professor Katerina Linos Spring 2015 The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe Copyright 2015 by Kimberly Ann Twist Abstract The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair As long as far-right parties { known chiefly for their vehement opposition to immigration { have competed in contemporary Western Europe, scholars and observers have been concerned about these parties' implications for liberal democracy. Many originally believed that far- right parties would fade away due to a lack of voter support and their isolation by mainstream parties. Since 1994, however, far-right parties have been included in 17 governing coalitions across Western Europe. What explains the switch from exclusion to inclusion in Europe, and what drives mainstream-right parties' decisions to include or exclude the far right from coalitions today? My argument is centered on the cost of far-right exclusion, in terms of both office and policy goals for the mainstream right. I argue, first, that the major mainstream parties of Western Europe initially maintained the exclusion of the far right because it was relatively costless: They could govern and achieve policy goals without the far right.
    [Show full text]
  • Austria | Freedom House
    Austria | Freedom House https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/austria A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 12 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 Executive elections in Austria are generally free and fair. The president is elected for a six-year term and has predominantly ceremonial duties. The president does, however, appoint the chancellor, who also needs the support of the legislature to govern. Austria’s current president is the former head of the Green Party, Alexander Van der Bellen, who was elected after a close and controversial poll that featured a repeat of the run-off between Van der Bellen and FPÖ candidate Norbert Hofer. The run-off was repeated after the Constitutional Court established that there had been problems with the handling of postal ballots. Following the 2017 elections to the National Council (Nationalrat), the lower house of parliament, ÖVP head Sebastian Kurz became chancellor with support of the right- wing, populist FPÖ. A2. Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 Legislative elections in Austria are generally considered credible. The National Council has 183 members chosen through proportional representation at the district, state, and federal levels. Members serve five-year terms. The 62 members of the upper house, the Federal Council (Bundesrat), are chosen by state legislatures for five- or six-year terms. Snap elections to the National Council took place in 2017, one year early, following the collapse of the coalition between the SPÖ and the ÖVP. Animosities between the two former coalition partners were reflected in an antagonistic, heavily-fought election campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Austria
    Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA EARLY PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 15 October 2017 OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Final Report Warsaw 7 February 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................ 3 III. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 3 IV. ELECTORAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 4 V. LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 4 VI. ELECTION ADMINISTRATION ........................................................................................... 6 VII. VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTING ARRANGEMENTS ......................................... 7 VIII. CANDIDATE REGISTRATION ............................................................................................. 8 IX. ELECTION CAMPAIGN ......................................................................................................... 9 X. CAMPAIGN FINANCE ......................................................................................................... 10 A. FUNDING SOURCES AND CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURE ................................................................. 10 B. DISCLOSURE
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL ELECTIONS in AUSTRIA 29Th September 2013
    GENERAL ELECTIONS IN AUSTRIA 29th September 2013 European Elections monitor The Social Democratic Party’s “grand coalition” re-elected in Austria Corinne Deloy Translated by Helen Levy Like their German neighbours (with whom they share the same satisfactory economic results) the Austrians chose to re-elect their leaders in the general elections on 29th September. Both countries are also due to be governed by grand coalitions rallying the two main political parties – one on the left and the other on the right – during the next legislature. Results As expected the outgoing government coalition formed With 5.8% of the vote (11 seats), the Team Stronach by the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) of outgoing for Austria, a populist, eurosceptic party founded in Chancellor Werner Faymann and the People’s Party September 2012 by Austro-Canadian businessman (ÖVP) of Vice-Chancellor Michael Spindelegger, came Frank Stronach, will be making its debut in the Natio- out ahead in the election. The SPÖ won 27.1% of the nal Council (Nationalrat), the lower chamber of parlia- vote and 53 seats (five less in comparison with the ment, likewise the Neos-New Austria, a liberal party previous election on 28th September 2008); the ÖVP created on 27th October 2012 by Matthias Strolz, a won 23.8% and 46 seats (- 4). The election illustrates former ÖVP member and supported by the industrialist the continued decline in the electorate of both parties: Hans Peter Haselsteiner, which won 4.8% of the vote together they achieved the lowest score in their his- and 9 seats. tory, mobilizing just half of the electorate (50.9%, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Compulsory Voting and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Austria
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Gaebler, Stefanie; Potrafke, Niklas; Rösel, Felix Working Paper Compulsory voting and political participation: Empirical evidence from Austria ifo Working Paper, No. 315 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Gaebler, Stefanie; Potrafke, Niklas; Rösel, Felix (2019) : Compulsory voting and political participation: Empirical evidence from Austria, ifo Working Paper, No. 315, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/213592 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Foreign Po
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master- UMI films the text diredy from the otigiil or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in face, Mile others may be from any type of cornputer printer. The quaiii of this risproduction b d.p.nd.nt upon übe quality of the copy submitbd. Broken or indistinct priprint,cdored or poor quafity illustratîoris and photographs, print bkdhwgh, subtmhW marpins, and improper alîîment can adversely affect reproductiori. In the unlikely event that the author di not serid UMI a complete manuscript and thete are missiq pages, Phese will be mted. Also, if unauthorized copyftght material had to be rernoved, a note will indîate the deCetion. Oversue materials (e-g-, maps, drawings, charts) are repnoducea by sectiming the original, beginning at the uppr lefthand corner and coritinuing from ieft to nght in equal secüms with small overlaps. Photographs induded in the Miginal manuscript have beeri reproduoed xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x W bkck and nihite pbbgraghic prints are available for any phatographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI di- to order. Bell & Hawell Infannation and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 481CB1346 USA Anschiuss 1938: Aushia's Potential for Military Resistance Jdmice Feata Depazwt of Hia tory McGill University, Hontteal A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Reaearch in partial fulfillment of the requitememta of the degrec of Master of Arts National Library Biblioth&que nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 3!3S Wellington Street 395.
    [Show full text]
  • Compulsory Voting, Turnout, and Government Spending: Evidence from Austria Mitchell Hoffman Gianmarco León Maria Lombardi This Version: September 2016 August 2015
    Compulsory Voting, Turnout, and Government Spending: Evidence from Austria Mitchell Hoffman Gianmarco León Maria Lombardi This version: September 2016 August 2015 Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series Working Paper nº 856 Compulsory Voting, Turnout, and Government Spending: Evidence from Austria∗ Mitchell Hoffman Gianmarco Le´on Mar´ıaLombardi University of Toronto UPF and Barcelona GSE UPF September 2016 Abstract We study a unique quasi-experiment in Austria, where compulsory voting laws are changed across Austria's nine states at different times. Analyzing state and national elections from 1949-2010, we show that compulsory voting laws with weakly enforced fines increase turnout by roughly 10 percentage points. However, we find no evidence that this change in turnout affected government spending patterns (in levels or composition) or electoral outcomes. Individual-level data on turnout and political preferences suggest these results occur because the impacts of compulsory voting on turnout are larger among those who are non-partisan, who have low interest in politics, and who are uninformed. JEL Classifications: H10, D72, P16 Keywords: Compulsory voting, Fiscal policy, Incentives to vote ∗Contact: Hoffman mitchell.hoff[email protected], Le´on: [email protected], Lombardi: [email protected]. We thank Sandro Ambuehl, Heski Bar-Isaac, Rene Boeheim, Kevin Bryan, Flo- rian Ederer, Jeremy Ferwerda, Rui de Figueiredo, Fred Finan, Max Kasy, John Morgan, Gerard Roland, Peter Rosner, Francesco Trebbi, and seminar participants for helpful comments. Faisal Ibrahim, Melina Mat- tos, Nicholas Roth, and Dijana Zejcirovic provided outstanding research assistance. Hoffman acknowledges support from the Kauffman Foundation, the National Science Foundation IGERT Fellowship, and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections
    Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections July 30, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46858 Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 European Elections in 2021 ............................................................................................................. 2 European Parliamentary and Presidential Elections ........................................................................ 3 Figures Figure 1. European Elections Scheduled for 2021 .......................................................................... 3 Tables Table 1. European Parliamentary and Presidential Elections .......................................................... 3 Contacts Author Information .......................................................................................................................... 6 Europe: Fact Sheet on Parliamentary and Presidential Elections Introduction This report provides a map of parliamentary and presidential elections that have been held or are scheduled to hold at the national level in Europe in 2021, and a table of recent and upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections at the national level in Europe. It includes dates for direct elections only, and excludes indirect elections.1 Europe is defined in this product as the fifty countries under the portfolio of the U.S. Department
    [Show full text]
  • The Short- and Long-Term Effects of the Authoritarian Regime and of Nazism in Austria: the Burden of a ‘Second Dictatorship’
    Borejsza_SB1a 1/27/05 2:48 PM Page 188 Chapter 11 The Short- and Long-Term Effects of the Authoritarian Regime and of Nazism in Austria: the Burden of a ‘Second Dictatorship’ Gerhard Botz One major reason for Austria’s difficulties in coming to terms with its dictatorial past is the well-known, but often underestimated, fact that it had experienced two kinds of dictatorship, ‘Austro-fascism’ and Nazism. Generally speaking, both versions were embedded in the country’s political, social and cultural traditions, they displayed some – or even many – corresponding aspects, but nevertheless fought each other. After the defeat of Nazism, the establishment of a consensual democracy in Austria had necessarily to exclude the former Nazis from government and to bring the left (Social Democrats and communists) together with the former ‘Austro-fascists’ (Catholic conservatives or Christian-Socials) in a coalition government. Similar political constellations can be observed in many European states. In the Austrian case, the specificity was that – given the great differences between ‘Austro-fascism’ and Nazism – one kind of dictatorial rule was whitewashed in order to leave the Catholic conservative element a chance to preserve its historic roots to some extent. Thus, and besides other factors, the drive for a critical evaluation of the non-democratic traditions inside Austrian society was reduced even more and the tendency to sacrifice the historic truth to ‘conflict reduction’ and compromise was high. Only after 1989 has it become clear that comparable – not equal – structures existed in those countries which had experienced another kind of second dictatorship, i.e. communism.
    [Show full text]
  • Cesifo Working Paper No. 6764 Category 2: Public Choice
    6764 2017 November 2017 Compulsory Voting, Voter Turnout and Asymmetrical Habit-formation Stefanie Gaebler, Niklas Potrafke, Felix Roesel Impressum: CESifo Working Papers ISSN 2364‐1428 (electronic version) Publisher and distributor: Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research ‐ CESifo GmbH The international platform of Ludwigs‐Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the ifo Institute Poschingerstr. 5, 81679 Munich, Germany Telephone +49 (0)89 2180‐2740, Telefax +49 (0)89 2180‐17845, email [email protected] Editors: Clemens Fuest, Oliver Falck, Jasmin Gröschl www.cesifo‐group.org/wp An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded ∙ from the SSRN website: www.SSRN.com ∙ from the RePEc website: www.RePEc.org ∙ from the CESifo website: www.CESifo‐group.org/wp CESifo Working Paper No. 6764 Category 2: Public Choice Compulsory Voting, Voter Turnout and Asymmetrical Habit-formation Abstract We examine whether compulsory voting influences habit-formation in voting. In Austria, some states temporarily introduced compulsory voting in national elections. We exploit border municipalities across two states that differ in compulsory voting legislation using a difference- in-differences and a difference-in-discontinuity approach. We investigate the long-term effects of compulsory voting on voter turnout, invalid votes and vote shares for left-wing and right- wing parties. The results show that compulsory voting increased voter turnout by 3.4 percentage points. When compulsory voting was abolished, voter turnout, however, returned to the pre- compulsory voting level. The results also do not suggest that compulsory voting influenced invalid votes and vote shares of left-wing and right-wing parties asymmetrically.
    [Show full text]
  • Compulsory Voting and Political Participation
    315 ifo 2019 WORKING December 2019 PAPERS Compulsory Voting and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Austria Stefanie Gaebler, Niklas Potrafke, Felix Roesel Imprint: ifo Working Papers Publisher and distributor: ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Poschingerstr. 5, 81679 Munich, Germany Telephone +49(0)89 9224 0, Telefax +49(0)89 985369, email [email protected] www.ifo.de An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded from the ifo website: www.ifo.de ifo Working Paper No. 315 Compulsory Voting and Political Participation: Empirical Evidence from Austria* Abstract We examine whether compulsory voting influences political participation as measured by voter turnout, invalid voting, political interest, confidence in parliament, and party membership. In Austria, some states temporarily introduced compulsory voting in national elections. We inves- tigate border municipalities across two states which differ in compulsory voting legislation using a difference-in-differences approach. The results show that compulsory voting increased voter turnout by 3.5 percentage points but we do not find long-run effects. Once compulsory voting was abolished, voter turnout returned to pre-compulsory voting levels. Microdata evidence suggests that compulsory voting tends to crowd out intrinsic motivation for political participation which may explain why compulsory voting is not found to be habit-forming. JEL Code: D72, P16 Keywords: Compulsory voting, election, voter turnout, difference-in-differences, Austria Stefanie Gaebler** Niklas Potrafke ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for ifo Institute – Leibniz-Institute for Economic Research Economic Research at the University of Munich, at the University of Munich, Poschingerstr. 5 University of Munich 81679 Munich, Germany Poschingerstr.
    [Show full text]