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V-^.Ndenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3 HAER No, CA-133-I Napa and Alden Roads Lompo Ci

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V-^.Ndenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3 HAER No, CA-133-I Napa and Alden Roads Lompo Ci V-^.ndenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3 HAER No, CA-133-i Napa and Alden Roads Lompo c i ;•.-. •. - - Santa Barbara County • iiyLr-.. California C-/'^L~ PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service Western Region Department of the Interior San Francisco, CA 94107 r- A. i HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD INDEX TO PHOTOGRAPHS VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 (SLC-3) HAER No.CA 133-i Napa and Alden Roads Lompoc Santa Barbara County California Note: Photographs CA-133-3-1 through CA-I33-1-6 are 8" x 10" enlargements from 4" x 5" negatives. Photographs CA-I33-1-1 through CA-133-1-6 taken January 1993. Photographers: SRA John White, U.S. Air Force, 30th Audiovisual Squadron, Vandenberg Air Force Base (CA-133-1-1 through CA-133-1-6) CA-133-1-1 AERIAL VIEW OF SLC-3 FROM THE NORTHEAST SHOWING THE EAST (LEFT) AND WEST (RIGHT) LAUNCH PADS, AND CABLE TRAYS FROM SLC-3W. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (BLDG. 769) AND STORAGE SHED (BLDG. 773} IN LEFT FOREGROUND. CA-133-1-2 AERIAL VIEW OF SLC-3 FROM THE NORTH. SLC-3W IN FOREGROUND; SLC-3E IN BACKGROUND. LAUNCH OPERATIONS BUILDING (LOB; BLDG. 763) AND CABLE TRAYS BETWEEN LOB AND THE PADS VISIBLE IMMEDIATELY EAST (LEFT) OF THE PADS. VEHICLE SUPPORT BUILDING (BLDG. 766) LOCATED EAST OF ROAD IN LEFT FOREGROUND. TECHNICAL SUPPORT BUILDING (BLDG. 762/762A) AND SLC-3 AIR FORCE BUILDING (BLDG. 761) VISIBLE EAST OF LOG IN LEFT BACKGROUND. CA-133-1-3 AERIAL VIEW FROM THE EAST OF (FOREGROUND TO BACKGROUND) SLC-3 AIR FORCE BUILDING (BLDG. 761)» TECHNICAL SUPPORT BUILDING (BLDG. 762/762A), ENTRY CONTROL POINT (BLDG. 768), AND LOB (BLDG. 763). EAST SIDE OF SLC-3E MOBILE SERVICE TOWER (MST) VISIBLE IN UPPER LEFT CORNER. CA-133-1-4 AERIAL VIEW FROM THE SOUTH OF (LEFT TO RIGHT CENTER) LOB (BLDG. 763), TECHNICAL SUPPORT BUILDING (BLDG. 762/762A), AND SLC- 3 AIR FORCE BUILDING (BLDG. 761). SOUTH SIDE OF SLC-3 WEST IN LEFT BACKGROUND. OCEAN IN DISTANT BACKGROUND. CA-133-1-5 AERIAL VIEW OF SLC-3 EAST FROM THE NORTHWEST CA-133-1-6 AERIAL VIEW OF SLC-E WEST FROM THE SOUTHEAST CA-133-1~7 Photocopy of photograph (original photograph in possession of the Ralph M. Parsons Company, Los Angeles, California). Photography by Ralph M. Parsons Co. circa August 1959. AERIAL VIEW OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION OF POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1 (SLC-3) FROM THE SOUTHEAST. Vandeaberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Con^lex 3 HAER No. CA-I33-1 (page 2) INDEX TO PHOTOGRAPHS CA-I33-1-8 Photocopy of photograph (original photogr^h in possession of the Ralph M. Parsons Company, Los Angeles, California). Photogr^hy by United States Navy, July 8, 1959. VIEW OF FORMWORK FOR NORTH WALL OF POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1, PAD 2 (SLC-3 EAST) LAUNCH PAD AND SERVICE BUILDING (BLDG. 751). CA-133-1-9 Photocopy of photograph (original photograph in possession of the Ralph M. Parsons Company, Los Angeles, California). Photography by the Ralph M. Parsons Co. circa 1959. VIEW FROM THE SOUTH OF ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION OF A- FRAME ATLAS GANTRY AT POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1, PAD 1 (SLC-3W) CA-133-1-10 Photocopy of photograph (original photograph in possession of the Ralph Vf. Parsons Company, Los Angeles California). Photography by the United States Air Force, May 4, i960. VIEW OF SOUTH FACE OF POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1, PAD 1 (SLC-3W) FROM TOP OF CONTROL CENTER (BLDG. 763). ATLAS D BOOSTER FOR THE FIRST SAMOS LAUNCH FROM POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1 (SLC-3) ERECT IN THE SERVICE TOWER, CA-133-1-11 Photocopy of photograph (original photograph in possession of Val Brose, General Dynaniics Space Systems Division, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California). Photographer unknown, circa July 1961. CREW OF FIRST LAUNCH FROM POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1, PAD 2, (SLC-3E) ON LAUNCH PAD. CA-133-1-12 Photocopy of photogr^h (original photogr^h in possession of 30th Audiovisual Squadron, Vandenberg Ah- Force Base, California). Photography by United States Air Force, date unknown. LAUNCH OF AN ATLAS FROM SLC-3. MOBILE SERVICE TOWER (MST) IN PARKED POSITION. CA-133-1-13 Photocopy of photograph (original photograph m possession of 30th Audiovisual Squadron, Vandenberg Ah* Force Base, California). Photography by United States Air Force, date unknown. THRUST AUGMENTED THOR PREPARED FOR LAUNCH FROM SLC-3W. CA-1334-14 Photocopy of photograph (original photograph in possession of 30th Audiovisual Squadron, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California). Photogr^hy by United States Air Force, date unknown. ATLAS VEHICLE BEING PREPARED FOR LAUNCH FROM SLC-3E. NOTE EXTERNAL SHEATHING AMD CUPOLA ON MOBILE SERVICE TOWER. CA-133-1-15 Photocopy of drawing (1958 architectural drawing by Ralph M. Parsons Company. Original drawing m possession of Vandenberg Air Force Base Civil Engineering Office). SITE PLAN FOR POINT ARGUELLO LAUNCH COMPLEX 1 (SLC-3) SHOWING POTENTIAL SITES OF FUTURE PADS. CAL HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 (SLC-3) HAER No. CA-133-1 Location: Napa and Alden Roads Lompoc Santa Barbara County California USGS 7.5 minute Surf, California Quadrangle Universal Transverse Mercator coordinates: 5.720900.3835900 Date of Construction: 1958-1959. Altered 1965, 1968, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1980. Engineer: Ralph M. Parsons Builder; Wells Benz, Inc. Present Owner: United States Air Force Significance: Space Launch Complex 3 (SLC-3) is one of the first operational installations in the United States military space program. The complex was constructed in 1959 to launch satellites into polar orbits without passing over inhabited areas. Since its first launch in i960, SLC-3 has supported 101 launches of Atlas and Thor boosters carrying a variety of satellite payioads. SLC-3 played an important role in the United States' Cold War defense strategy by supporting surveillance and "early warning system" satellite programs throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. The complex consists of two launch pads, SLC-3 East and SLC-3 West. These pads contain two of the only three remaining A- frame service gantries (mobile service towers) characteristic of early Atlas launch pad construction. The pads are equipped with the only retractable umbilical masts at any U.S. space launch complex. Report Prepared By: Peter von Szilassy Carol DeLisle Suzanne Smidt Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center Springfield, Virginia 22151 Date: March 1993 VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 (SLC 3) HAER No. CA-133-1 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 5 CHAPTER 2 EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES MILITARY SPACE PROGRAM iO Development of Ballistic Missiles in the United States 10 Space Applications of U.S. Ballistic Missile Technology 13 Development of Reconnaissance Satellites 14 Development of a Military Space Installation at Vandenberg Air Force Base 16 CHAPTER 3 CONSTRUCTION, LAUNCH, AND COMMAND HISTORY OF SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 AT VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE 21 Construction History 21 Launch History 22 Command History 29 Payloads Launched from SLC-3 31 SatelHte Missile Observation System (Samos) 32 Missile Detection Alarm System (Midas) 32 Environmental Research SubsateUites 34 Classified Payloads 35 Precision Recovery Including Maneuverable Re-entry (PRIME) 35 Navigation System using Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR) Global Positioning System (GPS) 36 Seasat and Geosat 37 NOAA/TIROS Weather Satellites 37 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) 38 Delivery Vehicles Launched from SLC-3 39 Atlas 39 Thor 46 # VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 (SLC 3) HAER No. CA-133-1 Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHAPTER 4 AN OVERVIEW OF SLC-3 FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS 51 Basic Features of Atlas Space Launch Complexes 51 Overview of Typical Launch Operations at SLC-3 52 CHAPTER 5 DESCRIPTION OF SLC-3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 63 The Launch Pads 67 Mobile Service Tower 67 Umbilical Mast 74 Launch Services Buildings (Bldgs. 751 and 770) 81 Launch Deck 95 SLC-3E Modifications 104 Atlas SLV Series 104 Atlas E/F Series 105 Atlas H Series 110 SLC-3W Modifications 112 Thor Series 112 Atlas E/F Series 113 Launch Operations Building (Blockhouse, Building 763) 117 SLC-3E Control Room 123 SLC-3W Control Room 131 Telemetry Room 133 Autopilot Room 137 Landline Instrumentation Room and Cable Tunnels 138 Communications Room 140 VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 (SLC 3) HAER No. CA-133-1 Page 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Vehicle Support Building (Bldg. 766) 141 Associated Infrastructure 145 Technical Support Building (Bldg. 762/762A) 145 SLC-3 Air Force Building (Bldg. 761) 145 Traffic Check Houses (Bldgs. 759, 760, and 764) 146 Meteorological Tower and Shed (Bldg. 756) 146 Sewage Treatment Plant (Bldg. 769) 147 GPS Azimuth Alignment Station (Bldg. 775) 147 Entry Control Point (Bldg. 768) 147 Storage Sheds (Bldgs. 776 and 773) 148 Pyrotechnic Shed (Bldg. 757) 148 Security Fence 149 CHAPTER 6 EFFECTS OF PLANNED MODIFICATIONS OF SLC-3 151 SLC-3E 151 Launch Services Building (Bldg. 751) 154 Launch Operations Building (Blockhouse, Bldg. 763) 155 Associated Infrastructure 155 APPENDIX WATERFALL DL^GRAM FOR ATLAS 39 E/NOAA-E SEPTEMBER 1984 158 VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 3 (SLC 3) HAER No. CA-133-1 Pages CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Space Launch Complex 3 (SLC-3) at Vandenberg Air Force Base was one of the first operational installations in the United States military space program. The complex was constructed in 1959 to launch satellites into polar orbits without passing over inhabited areas. Since its first launch in 1960, SLC-3 has supported 101 launches of Atlas and Thor boosters (delivery vehicles) carrying a variety of satellite payloads (space vehicles).
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