Into Een An-E the Liefs Tiles

(ICHTO)

- Gilded silver plate Gilded silver Sari, Mazandaran Sasanian Silver coin, Shapur II Silver Susa, Khuzestan ca. 309-379 CE Sasanian The bust of a male personage Hajiabad, Fars Sasanian Unlike Unlike the Arsacids, the Sasanids strived to create a centralized and

The SasanidsThe 651 CE) to (224 homeland - the Persia from were The Sasanids had claim - and therefore of the Achaemenids Once legacy. Persian Achaemenid the to mandate had lost their divine the Arsacids at the hands of the multiple defeats due to under the ambitions the Sasanids, Romans, the city of from I, a local dynast Ardashir in rose Persepolis, from not far Istakhr, the last V, Artabanus and defeated rebellion established a They Arsacid king-of-kings. named after called the Sasanids, new dynasty, Sasan, the grandfather of Ardeshir I, evidently of the goddess of the temple priest the chief Ānāhitā in Istakhr. homogenous empire that allowed them to embark on a far more more on a far embark them to that allowed empire homogenous Euphra the across pushing them back the Romans, towards approach aggressive tes, sometimes even farther west. The new Sasanid approach also translated into also translated west. The new Sasanid approach farther sometimes even tes, been cities that have several including Iran, within works construction major excavated (i.e., Veh Ardešir and Bišāpur) and many others (e.g., Jundišapur, Ivan-e Ardešir and Bišāpur) and (i.e., others many Veh (e.g., Jundišapur, excavated Karkheh, Dārābgerd, etc.) that await the archaeologist’s trowel. Similarly, in the rock-reliefs many from renaissance, witnessed a major the Sasanian period arts textiles, or gilded vessels, silver personal ornaments, stuccoes to and deco- rative ed execut- designs, and last but not least, beautifully stamp seals with exquisite if Sasanian categories of different examples images on coins. Several and realistic in the Museum hall. on display are artifacts the but, towards age in Iran another golden The Sasanids succeeded in creating over feuds as internal as well with the Romans, incessant war end of the dynasty, agricultural salinization of due to and economic problems the imperial throne, land in Khuzestān and of Mesopotamia the exhausted (the Empire) bread-baskets emerging tribesmen mounted for prey and made it an easy the Sasanid Empire Yazdgird of murder The Islam. of message the them with bringing and Arabia from in the mid- China to family left of the Sasanid royal was III and the escape of what and the end of ancient of the Sasanid dynasty the fall marks century CE seventh period under Islam. another glorious yet by be followed to only Iran, The Sasanids The ------century in Shami in th - Salt man and parts of trunk, a lower leg inside a leath leg inside trunk, a lower and parts of fragments textile and patterned shards, Zanjan Natural mummy of a man including head, of mummy Natural half trouser, a wool knives, boot, er Iron two needle, a sling, parts of a leather a silver pottery some a walnut, a grindstone, rope, ca. 200 CE Parthian, southwestern Iran and in now the on Iran Museum display hall. southwestern - and exam glass-makers, also master were Parthians The in the museum hall. ples of this art can be found Bronze statue of a Bronze nobleman Parthian Shami, Izeh, Khuzestan

The Parthians Parthians The CE) 224 BCE to (250 Per the of clan ruling the Achaemenes—were after Achaemenids—named the as Just sians, the Arsacids—named after Arsaces, the legend- ary founder of the dynasty— tribe inhabiting the north another Iranian the ruling clan Parthians, of the were eastern parts of As Iran. the Seleucid grip on this distant part of their began empire to loosen, the Arsacids and Parthians sought to still are who and marksmen riders master were grasp Parthians The independence. their the opportunity to pursue divided, were They Shot.” as “the Parthian such in expressions today remembered and central homogenous less far empire their clans that made several into however, ized than those of or (Achaemenids) their successors (Sasanids). predecessors This the mighty neighbor, new their western to vulnerable made the Parthians system Roman Empire, which was gradually encroaching upon Asia, Western traditionally Em the Parthian into advances several Despite territory. be an Iranian to considered from capital, not far Parthian Ctesiphon—the and looting of and the capture pire managed times, modern Parthians to stand the Baghdad—three firm Roman before dam The occasions. on a number of them repulse and defeat juggernaut even and Iranians before mandate divine their lost Arsacids the and done was however, age, the by and replaced soon overthrown were and they defeats their successive due to Sasanids. provin corpus of arts and its art rather seems a coherent lacks period The Parthian cial compared to that of the Achaemenids or the Sasanids. a Yet of accomplishments number technological and aesthetic of the underline finds splen- isolated but did, Parthian art. Perhaps first and foremost among these is the life-size bronze statue 20 in the early nobleman discovered Parthian a presumably of

The Parthians The Bronze head of seleucid ruler Bronze Shami, Izeh, Khuzestan Seleucid - Memorial stele with Greek with Greek Memorial stele Inscription Hamedan Nahavand, Seleucid, 193 BCE Bronze Figurine of Zeus Bronze Hamedan Nahavand, Seleucid

The SeleucidsThe 146 BCE) to (313 One of Alexander’s generals who succeeded as his do- Iran chose him, Seleucus Nicator, the Seleucid Empire. established main and princess Seleucus a had married Persian legitimacy attained before his and therefore but the discov wife, his through Iranians ery of a few sanctuaries for Greek gods and goddesses and the many Greek inscriptions are which of (some in Iran and statuettes on display in the Museum) is to the a spread testimony of Greek culture in Iran. This phenomenon influenced both the Seleucids and their eventual successors, the Arsacids, who rose up in defiance of the Seleucids in northeast Iran, and after a century of - fight soil. Iranian them from ing drove The Seleucids The - Stone statue of Darius the Great Stone Susa, Khuzestan Achaemenid ------statue of a large mastiff statue of a large on a basem seated black limestone Polished Fars Persepolis, Achaemenid

sor sor Cambyses, Darius the Great embarked structuring the Em on consolidating and pire. It was he whostandard introduced darics, that along with anized coinage, called con- facilitated of roads network extensive people from between tact and interaction cultur both of the Empire, distant corners Egyptian objects and commercially. ally discovered at Susā and Persepolis are fine con- cultural of this large-scale examples among the subjects of tact and interaction the Achaemenid Empire. Arts also flour ished in the Achaemenid period: metal- carving, stone- stone-masonry, working, new reached brick-working and glazed heights, as shown by several fine examples on display in the Museum hall. Another in on Museum the in seen be can that novation inscriptions is the Old Persian stone several the time of Darius during script introduced the Great. Despite its power and glory and the Empire Achaemenid policy of tolerance, withstand the better-equipped, to failed com more and tactically battle-hardened, petent Macedonian and Greek army led by in 330 BCE. and fell the Great Alexander The Achaemenids The 330 BCE) to (559 — particular one in Iran, into migrated who peoples Iranian-speaking Of the the Persians—chose to head south, they settled where apparently in Fārs formed and population, Elamite native the with mingled Anshān), (ancient to led that elements eventually and Elamite Persian a polity comprising that point. seen up to had the world empire the largest the rise of Following the wars of conquest by Cyrus the Great and his son and succes The Achaemenids The

- - mill. BCE st i Golden beaker Gilan Marlik, Age, 1 Iron or to the west (to later become the Medes), Medes), the become later (to west the to or (north of route the northern some took while where basin Caspian the into range) Alburz the been discovered have their splendid remains The such as Mārlik. graveyards in numerous pottery grey with its distinctive new culture and plateau in the northeastern that appeared Gorgān the in sites at pottery existing replaced the represent to believed Plain is commonly of these Iranian-speaking migration gradual While in Plateau. the Iranian peoples on to engaged were the Elamites Iran southwestern in northern with the Assyrians, in warfare and Northern Zagros Central (i.e., the regions a number of the plateau) mountains and the center of newly established polities stepped out into established polities stepped of newly most powerful state in Mesopotamia at that time). state most powerful history, consolidated their roots, watched the conflict between conflict the watched roots, their consolidated history, the Elamites and the Mesopotamians, gained experience and in due course unleashed their force upon the Assyrians (the During the Middle Bronze Age, the Iranian Age, the Middle Bronze During the mid- the in decline of period a experienced Iran of cultures indigenous the As century BCE

Glazed Brick Qalaichi, Boukan Mannaean 7 Plateau experienced a short fluorescence of a short fluorescence experienced Plateau including on the plateau, centers Urban urbanism. Shahr-i Shahdād, and Jiroft, Yahyā, Sokhteh, Hissār, that network an exchange through linked were Asia the with Central plateau the connected southern Elam, Oman, of Sea the Gulf and coast of the Persian in commodities desirable Highly Mesopotamia. and and central included copper from this network from and Oman, lapis lazuli Iran southeastern and in Pakistan, Quetta Afghanistan in Badakhshān and stone Oman. These and Iran in southwestern final destinations either their from reached materials the finished goods. Lapis or as material of raw form at Shahr-i been discovered have workshops lazuli seem and Jiroft Yahyā while and Hissār, Sokhteh objects carving various for been centers have to of these A number and chlorite. steatite from of floor ground in the on display are products carved in the breakthrough the Museum. A major technological mixing by alloy of bronze the introduction Age was Bronze of arti new range a whole asuitable medium for provided This tin. and copper clubbing and stabbing and types of kind (for arms of different especially facts, types, and a whole various of vessels burden, beasts of for harnesses projectiles), a of speak hall Museum the in display on Examples ornaments. personal of array of craftsmanship. level high peoples migrat Iranian-speaking arrived of newly waves second millennium BCE, ing into Iran from Central Asia began to inject a tonew on spirit range) Alburz into the of Iranian (south life. route southern The the took people these of majority become the Persians), later (to the south to there and from plateau the central there are assemblages from regions such as Jiroft and Shahdād, as well as Lurestan Lurestan as well as Shahdād, and Jiroft as such regions from assemblages are there their of but identity the ethnic period, this place in a prominent occupy that Bronzes, enigma. an still remains makers

Age Iron - - Ground floor Ground Blue glazed terracotta bull terracotta Blue glazed inscription with Elamite Zanbil, Khuzestan Chogha Period Middle Elamite ca. 1250 BCE Iran Bastan Museum Iran Bastan

Achaemenids

Yard Age Iron Seleucids

Elamite Elamite Bronze Age / Bronze Age / Bronze Parthians

Yard Proto Elamite Proto Sasanids Proto Literature / Literature Proto

Office

Main Library

Conference Hall Conference Entrance Ticket desk Ticket

lar importance is the late period and, Old Elamite Elamite the Middle especially, Elamite period, when reached civilization in heights remarkable and cultural political power best demonstrated perhaps glory, at Choghā complex the Ziggurat by there Zanbil. Some of its finds from (e.g., the inscribed bull, tubular glass, glazed bovine knobs, and terracotta the Museum hall. decorate figures) distinct had their own The Elamites in written initially language that was soon script, was a pictorial but which an adaptation of the by replaced script.Mesopotamian cuneiform at Elamites, the lowland Afterwards, as Sumerian least, as well used Elamite, and administrative for and Akkadian was Elamite while economic purposes, inscriptions. used in royal primarily of all of these different Examples scripts and languages, dating to in on display periods, are different the Museum hall. As Elam flourished, become to developing and emerging see other societies we of Iran corners in other from ranges of these civilizations our knowledge independent polities. However, scanty (Šimāškī, Marhaši, …) to meager (Gutīans, Lullubians, …). In the meantime, siana Plain in the west to Fars in the east, in which the Elamites established Iran’s in the established Iran’s east, the Elamites in which Fars to siana Plain in the west first cities (i.e., Susa and Anshan). Elamitologists1 divide the long span of Elamite - Inter BCE), First 2700 to (ca.3300 period Proto-Elamite periods: eight into history (ca. mediate Period 2700 to 2500 BCE), Old Elamite period (ca. 2500 to 1700 BCE), Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1700 to 1500 1500 to 1000 BCE), (ca. Third Intermediate Period 1000 BCE), to 850 BCE), Neo- Elamite Middle Elamite Period (ca. Period (ca. 850 to 646 BCE), and Elamite Terminal Period (646 to 550 BCE). All of particu of but artifacts, splendid with Museum the in represented are periods these The earliest and more extensively studied (albeit still little-known) civilization that (albeit studied civilization still little-known) extensively and more The earliest in the longest-lasting the civilization Elam. Elam—perhaps was Iran in emerged the Su from sizable area a fairly 550 BCE)—encompassed to 3300 Near East (from The Elamite The Clay Boar Figurine Tappeh Sarab Kermanshah with multi-colored paintings. The complexity Bronze axe head Irān Bāstān Museum Prehistoric Galleries The Neolithic and Chalcolithic The Formation of Early States and Urban Societies Zaluab cemetery, Kermanshah - ca. 7000-6100 BCE of social relations and crystallization of religious (ca. 3300 to ca. 559 BCE) The Paleolithic Period Periods - Bozi)sil remains and central from Iran, Iran discovered(Mirak, Niāsar, in a Parvadeh,small cave Zaviyeh)called Wezmeh are on The Age of Permanent Villages and ideas led in some larger villages to the erection The people belonging to Paleolithic bands and the ca. 1200-1000 BCE Paleolithic Period Paleolithic Irān Bāstān Museum Bāstān Irān Paleolithic Period Paleolithic Neolithic Periods Neolithic Periods

Mobile Hunter-Gatherers Age The Bronza Thesigned Irān and Bāstān built in Museum Iran as a muse is the- displaynear Kermanshah in the museum in the (Gallery west -central 2). One Zagros, of the are oldest on display. human This fos Early Towns of large and monumental buildings (temples)as Neolithic-Chalcolithic societies were predominantly firstum. It was building designed specifically by the French de (ca. 3.3 million to ca. 12 thousand years ago) is a human premolar tooth representing a late juvenile individual, (ca. 10,000 to ca. 5,000 years ago) equal but, as the Chalcolithic period drew to a close, In the long span of the Paleolithic period, hu- who may have been the prey of carnivores such as hyenas and some societies became ranked and eventually strati- mans lived in small bands with a nomadic life- - almostthe sites everyof communal ancient worship. village A ishuge another collection manifestaion of architect André Godard and built style, making a living mainly from hunting wild man radius (forearm) fragment from a Neanderthal has been mobile bands of hunter-gatherers ofvariously such religious shaped beliefs,decorated the and nature plain and clay structure figurines offrom which status ranks with lesser access to goods, while some by two Iranian masons, Abbās-Ali- animals and gathering wild plants. This period wolvesdiscovered whose in Bisotunremains caveare abundantis located in in the the Wezmeh same region Cave. ofA huthe Fromgradually the settled Late Epipaleolithic down in very periodsmall - fied,belonged meaning to higher that someranks people with more belonged access to to lower re- ditional facade was inspired by is characterized by the use of chipped stone Conical pottery bowl Me’mār and Ostād Morād Tabrizi west-central Zagros. villages comprised of a handful of related fami- Tall-e Bakun A sources. This development and the division of people tools and later antler and bone tools and the Core - chopper between 1933 and 1936. Its tra A 3D model of National Museum of Iran Kashafrud lies. The earliest of such villages were established are not known to us. Examples of these figurines discov into different classes paved the way for a major land- Ctesiphon, one of the famous ex- Khorasan Razavi appearance of Paleolithic period is sub-divided years ago and came to a close about 20,000 years ago, coincides ered at Sarāb and Sang-e Chakhmāq,were are used on displayin this periodin the to harvestca. 4500-4100 cereals, BCE of mark in human history: the rise of states and the for- theamples famous of the arch architecture of Tāq-e Kasrā of the in with Thethe arrival Upper of Paleolithic anatomically period, modern which humans began (also around known 40,000 as Museum. Stone tools hafted with bone or wooden handles Sasanian period. The buildings Lower Paleolithic where wild species of wheat, barley, sheep, goat mation of civilizations. Pre Pottery Early permanent villages ca. 250.000 - Homo sapiens sapiens) in Iran. In this period, making stone tools - This early Neolithic development was truly brickwork exhibits the Persian Neolithic Neolithic N in the piedmont regions of the Zagros Mountains, into: Lower Paleolithic (ca. 3.300.000-250.000ca. such as blades and bladelets expanded. personal ornaments like aged to domesticate such species and attained con- whichrevolutionary one from inSang-e the long Chakhmāq history ofis onthe display. human tradition of brick construction. years ago), Middle Paleolithic ( - (Gallery 4) (Gallery 4) pendants made from shell, animal teeth, and a reddish-black iron trol over their food supplies, populations grew and species. The “Neolithic Revolution” freed permanent and pig were native. As these early villages man The permanent exhibition (Gallery 5) villages Middle 40.000paleolithic years (ca ago), and Upper Paleolithic ( mineral (hematite) appeared in this period, of which some exam- covers a surface area of some new villages were established in areas outside of humans from the constant search for food and 40.000The - 20.000most ancient years ago),artifacts followed in the by Epimu- shelter. Control over food and a sedentary life quick-

and of the nuclear zones in the alluvial plains and lower Upper . 20.000 - 12.000 years ago). Paleolithic Paleolithic (Gallery 3) Yard - Epipaleolithic Pottery vessel

Late permanent ples from Yāfteh Cave are on display. Red ochre was also used quite Tappeh Zagheh Plateau. 4,800es over square 2,000 metersselected over artifacts two Arjaneh Points Pottery vessel Bronze disc-headed Pin Middle and (Gallery 6) seumto times (Gallery when early1) are humans stone tools lived dating by means to the of YaftehUpper CavePaleolithic villages abundantly. Among important sites dating to this period are Yāfteh Sialk, Kashan, Isfehan lyarose, resulted the fabricin unprecedented of the society growth became in population.more complex As floorsin chronological and a basement, order, and from hous the Lorestan broadWhile valleys,the use suchof stone as Khuzestān, tools and Fārsstone and vessels the Central were Lowerhunting, Paleolithic scavenging, period. gathering These and tools foraging, belong Biface (trihedral) ca. 3750-3350 BCE and Kaldar caves in Lurestān, Warwāsi, Malāverd and Ghār-e Khar Qazvin plain known prior to the establishment of the early villages, theand population new social grew norms and and social regulations interaction developed and conflict to Lurestan Middle villages and ca. 5200-4800 BCE 1200 BCE Middle Late permanent Cave in Kermānshāh, Sefid-Āb in Kāshān, and Eshkaft-e Gāvi and the most important invention of the early Neo- solve social problems. This inevitably led to the emer- Paleolithic (Gallery 2) making wooden tools, and other implements Amar Merdeg, Lower Paleolithic period (ca. (Gallery 6) Mehran plain, Ilam Boof TheCaves next in Fārs. period Artifacts - called from the some Epi of- - gence of an elite class to lead the community; economic and used stone tools for cutting animal flesh, Lower Paleolithic 1,000,000 years ago) to the end and objects. Remains of this period – mostly stone tools – have been discov- paleolithicthese sites are(meaning on display terminal in the Museum. Paleo- tery vessels. This important craft, that seems differentiation, too, developed. This entire web of social nent villages prehistoric objects including Late perma - lithic period was the use of baked or fired pot development eventually led to another fundamental social of the Sasanid period (651 CE). (Gallery 7) lithic) - is characterized by composite National Museum of Iran Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, Neo- change: the “urban revolution” and emergence of state soci- St., Siy-e Tir St., Emam The first floor galleries contain Lower southwestern Iran, underwent a rapid change Yard tools, tools for processing plant mate-

Paleolithic Paleolithic No.1, Professor Rolin lithic and Chalcolithic artifacts. (Gallery 1) ered at archaeological sites such as Kashafrud in Khorāsān, Lādiz in Sistān and rial, and installations for storing food tofrom have crude, been undecorated developed simple first in containers, western and to eties. Just prior to the age of the “urban revolution” around - Baluchistān, Shiwatoo in Kurdistān, Ganj Par in Gilān, all open-air sites, and- well-baked and sophisticated vessels of many Iran. stuff. The Epipaleolithic period begins Khomeini Ave, Tehran, tain historic objects including Darbandtively hunting Cave, alsoand ingathering Gilān. plant foods. During this period Neanderthals around 20,000 years ago and goes on different shapes and decorated with exquisite social organizations, such as the temple or the community’s The ground floor galleries con Presentation Hall In the Middle Paleolithic period bands of humans subsisted through ac- painted designs. 4000chief house,BCE, control was expressed of the economy by stamp by seals both that individuals were devel and- Phone: oped around 5000 BCE. This early device for ownership and Bronzeand Sasanian Age, artifacts. Iron Age, Elamite, and early anatomically modern humans were roaming western Asia. Repre Similarly, the simple adobe houses of the of the Exhibition Hall Shell pendant until to the end of the Ice Age, about- Fax: Achaemenid, Selucid, Parthian, Temporary sentative stone tools of this period made from flint and other rock types, and Harsin, Kermanshah 12,000 years ago. Examples of tools and +98 (0)21 66702052-6 Levallois Core and thatched roofs, rapidly developed into multi-chambered animalIranian bones,Plateau. some Important with cutstone marks, tools areof this on period display include in the points Museum. and These side- AliEpipaleolithic Tappeh Cave ornaments of this period from Ali Tapp House model controlresulted of in the the flow emergence of goods becameof political another organizations layer of social and Middle Paleolithic Mazandaran earlyhouses villages,made of mademud bricks, of packed and some mud were (known even decorated as pisé) Sang-e Chakhmaq remainsscrapers comeused for from butchering caves or hunted open-air game sites and in processingthe Zagros animal Mountains hides and as well the Shahrud, Semnan and economic complexity that finally around 3500 BCE Painted pottery vessel P. O. Box: Temporary Temporary a number of other sites are on display Clay bust eh and Komishān caves in Māzandarān, Chlorite stone vessel Shahr-e Sokhteh, Sistan +98 (0)21 6 6746164 Exhibition Hall ca. 5700 BCE as other tasks. Examples of stone tools of this period from caves and rockshel- Jiroft, Kerman Shahdad, Kerman 3rd mill. BCE Pā Sangar Rockshelter in Lurestān and 3rd mill. BCE 3rd mill. BCE Painted pottery beaker st states. Examples of such early seals, from sites like Bākun, 1 floor, Iran Bastan Museum Susa, Khuzestan Opening hours1136917111 in the Museum hall (Gallery 3). Giyān and Seh Gābi, are on display. Spring and Summer: Location map and access routes to the National Museum of Iran ters and open-air sites in the Zagros region (Bisotun, Lurestān, Arsanjān, Qaleh ca. 4300-4000 BCE Between 1-2 million BP 250,000 years BP 40,000 years BP 20,000 years BP 12,000 years BP 9,000 BCE 4,500 BCE 3,300 BCE 1,500 BCE 1,200 BCE 850 BCE 559 BCE 330 BCE 250 BCE 224 CE 651 CE Text: Abbas Alizadeh, Kamyar Abdi, Fereidoun Biglari, Lower Paleolithic Middle Paleolithic Upper Paleolithic Epipaleolithic Early Neolithic Neolithic Chalcolithic Bronze / Elamite Iron Age I Iron Age II Iron Age III Achaemenid Seleucids Parthians Sasanids Yousef Hasanzadeh Fall and Winter: Photo: Neda Hossein Tehrani, Nima Fakoorzadeh, m Daily 09-19 Amir Farzad, Mahbobeh Qlichkhani and National Museum . First dispersal of Homo erectus from . Neanderthals and early modern humans . . . Beginning of the domes- . Beginning of village life . Use of copper and gold and silver mining . Invention of letter & writing . Using of Iron . . . . . Beginning of Parthian dynasty . Recognition of Zoroastrian religion Daily of Iran archive . . . tication of animals . Production of Pottery . Invention of the potter’s wheel . Developing of urbanization . kingdoms . Elipi Kingdom . Using ancient Persian, Elamite and . Forming of Seleucid dynasty . Use of Parthian Pahlavi language and script . Design and Layout: Omolbanin Ghafoori, Yousef . Hunting and food gathering .Migration of anatomically modern human societies to Iranian Plateau .Fishing,Appearance growing of bow use and of aquaticarrow and and composite avian resources tools . . . Spinning and using the wool . Developing of exchanges and trade . Building of Chogha Zanbil temple . Appearance of local . Mannea Kingdom Establishing the first empire . ExpansionAlexander’s of death Hellenistic 323 BC art . Feudalism system . Design and construction of water supply systems Hassanzadeh . Africa to Asia and Europe . IncreasingAppearance use of stoneof caves tool for industry shelter of ochreAppearance of stone blade/bladelet industry of Baradostian andAppearance collecting of wildstone cereals bladelet industry of Zarzian . . . Early Elamite government and old Middle Elamite Iron objects . New Elamite Kingdom I and II . Conquer of Babylon, issuing charter in Iran . andCreation sealants of fortification in borders 09-17 Publisher: National Museum of Iran Mousterian and use of Levallois method Making pendants and personal ornaments, bone tools and use of . Beginning of Agriculture . UseMaking of copper clay and in wicketsstone . Use of animals in cargo and agriculture Elamite . PotteryMaking rhytonand expansion of . Median Kingdom ofAramaic Cyrus in scripts decoration . - 5th edition, 2019 . Appearance of stone tool industries of withMaking pressure stone vesselsmethod methodfigurines . BeginningUse of clay ofand Urbanization stone flat seals . Beginning of manufacturing of Forming of New Elamite I (using metal oxides) . Creation of Chaparkhaneh, post and Applying of stucco in architectural internal nels, dam Publication cookingOldowan and Acheulian Manufacturing bladelet . Expansion of matweav- bronze objects . Making glazed pottery vessels king road . Management of Water resources by creating chan http://irannationalmuseum.ir/fa/ National Museum of Iran National Controlled use of fire for heating and ing . [email protected] . Coinage by the order of Darius . EffortMaking to dams develop and Iran’s residual borders places according according to to the the https://www.instagram.com/irannationalmuseum_en/ 2019 Rediging Suez canal 516 BC predefind plans https://www.instagram.com/irannationalmuseum_fa/ Achaemenid era Clay Boar Figurine Tappeh Sarab Kermanshah with multi-colored paintings. The complexity Bronze axe head Irān Bāstān Museum Prehistoric Galleries The Neolithic and Chalcolithic The Formation of Early States and Urban Societies Zaluab cemetery, Kermanshah - ca. 7000-6100 BCE of social relations and crystallization of religious (ca. 3300 to ca. 559 BCE) The Paleolithic Period Periods - Bozi)sil remains and central from Iran, Iran discovered(Mirak, Niāsar, in a Parvadeh,small cave Zaviyeh)called Wezmeh are on The Age of Permanent Villages and ideas led in some larger villages to the erection The people belonging to Paleolithic bands and the ca. 1200-1000 BCE Paleolithic Period Paleolithic Irān Bāstān Museum Bāstān Irān Paleolithic Period Paleolithic Neolithic Periods Neolithic Periods

and of the nuclear zones in the alluvial plains and lower Upper . 20.000 - 12.000 years ago). Paleolithic Paleolithic (Gallery 3) Yard - Epipaleolithic Pottery vessel

Age Iron - - Ground floor Ground Blue glazed terracotta bull terracotta Blue glazed inscription with Elamite Zanbil, Khuzestan Chogha Period Middle Elamite ca. 1250 BCE Iran Bastan Museum Iran Bastan

Achaemenids

Yard Age Iron Seleucids

Elamite Elamite Bronze Age / Bronze Age / Bronze Parthians

Yard Proto Elamite Proto Sasanids Proto Literature / Literature Proto

Office

Main Library

Conference Hall Conference Entrance Ticket desk Ticket

Age Iron - - Ground floor Ground Blue glazed terracotta bull terracotta Blue glazed inscription with Elamite Zanbil, Khuzestan Chogha Period Middle Elamite ca. 1250 BCE Iran Bastan Museum Iran Bastan

Achaemenids

Yard Age Iron Seleucids

Elamite Elamite Bronze Age / Bronze Age / Bronze Parthians

Yard Proto Elamite Proto Sasanids Proto Literature / Literature Proto

Office

Main Library

Conference Hall Conference Entrance Ticket desk Ticket

Age Iron - - Ground floor Ground Blue glazed terracotta bull terracotta Blue glazed inscription with Elamite Zanbil, Khuzestan Chogha Period Middle Elamite ca. 1250 BCE Iran Bastan Museum Iran Bastan

Achaemenids

Yard Age Iron Seleucids

Elamite Elamite Bronze Age / Bronze Age / Bronze Parthians

Yard Proto Elamite Proto Sasanids Proto Literature / Literature Proto

Office

Main Library

Conference Hall Conference Entrance Ticket desk Ticket

and of the nuclear zones in the alluvial plains and lower Upper . 20.000 - 12.000 years ago). Paleolithic Paleolithic (Gallery 3) Yard - Epipaleolithic Pottery vessel