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First Report of Soft Coral Sarcophyton Birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978

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First Report of Soft Coral Sarcophyton Birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978 OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Short Communfcatfon Ffrst report of soft coral Sarcophyton bfrkelandf Verseveldt, 1978 (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) fn Indfan waters from Andaman Islands Seepana Rajendra, C. Raghunathan, Tamal Mondal & K. Venkataraman 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10577–10580 10.11609/jot. 2285 .9. 8. 10577–10580 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10577–10580 First report of soft coral Sarcophyton birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978 (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) in Indian waters from Andaman Islands ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Short Seepana Rajendra 1, C. Raghunathan 2, Tamal Mondal 3 & K. Venkataraman 4 1,2,3 Zoological Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, National Coral Reef Research Institute, Port Blair, OPEN ACCESS Andaman & Nicobar Islands 744102, India 4 National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University, Koodal Building, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: Sarcophyton birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978 is reported as a new exoskeleton. They are well diversified as equal as record to Indian waters from Andaman Islands. Colony morphology, scleractinian corals in reef ecosystem at par with sclerite structures and measurements were extracted and examined from the surface and coenenchyme of both capitulum and stalk for scleractinian corals in reef ecosystem (Dinesen 1983) confirmation of species. Structural differentiation was observed in and are an important ecological unit due to contributors sclerite shape such as club shaped, needle shaped and spindle shaped with a variety of sizes and orientation pattern. of coral reef biomass especially of Indo-Pacific region (Tursch & Tursch 1982). Soft corals have a wide Keywords: Alcyoniidae, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Craggy Island, distribution: they inhabit the tropics, the sub-tropics, new record, Octocorralia the intertidal zone, the subtidal regions, the reef slope region and the abyssal depths. The species belonging to the family Alcyoniidae are fleshy masses, leathery, Andaman & Nicobar Islands consist of 572 islands, stiff hard and flexible and contain clubs, spindles, ovals, islets and rocky outcrops. The islands are geographically barrel shaped, capstans, dumbbells, radiate shaped located between 6.750–13.683N & 92.200–693.950E sclerites as skeletal material and support of the colony surrounded by Coco Channel to the north, Andaman and also useful for taxonomic identification. This note Sea to the east, Great Channel to the south and Bay describes an alcyonacean coral from the reef ecosystem of Bengal on the west side with a long coast line of of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a new record to about 1,962km. These islands represent one of the Indian waters. richest coral reef ecosystems in the Indo-Pacific region (Jayasree et al. 1996). Soft corals belong to the order Materials and Methods Alcyonacea of phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa and Studies on coral reef ecosystem was carried out at subclass Octocorallia. They are soft bodied, leathery, Craggy Island (13.225N & 93.056E), North Andaman zooxanthellates or azooxanthellates and some are by employing a self-contained underwater breathing mushroom like and do not produce any calcified apparatus (SCUBA) diving down to a depth of 15m DOI: http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2285.9.8.10577-10580 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:96F726F7-BB0F-4E94-86AC-3FC1EE2111C4 Editor: M. Nithyanandan, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait. Date of publication: 26 August 2017 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 2285 | Received 08 January 2016 | Final received 02 August 2017 | Finally accepted 09 August 2017 Citation: Rajendra, S., C. Raghunathan, T. Mondal & K. Venkataraman (2017). First report of soft coral Sarcophyton birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978 (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) in Indian waters from Andaman Islands. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9(8): 10577–10580; http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2285.9.8.10577-10580 Copyright: © Rajendra et al. 2017. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to the Director, Zoological Survey of India for providing facilities. 10577 First report of Sarcophyton birkelandi in Indian waters Rajendra et al. in March 2015. A small portion of the colony was 0.4–0.7 mm. The surface layer of the disc contains clubs sampled for taxonomic study. The specimen was fixed measuring 0.09–0.19 mm in length. The smaller sclerites in 4% formalin for 24 hours and preserved in 70% ethyl are with a central wart on pointed handles with girdles alcohol after washing under running tap water (Fabricius and blunt spines. Some club shaped sclerites have a & Alderslade 2001). Measurement of the colony was length of 0.28mm. These longer sclerites have heads taken using Vernier calliper scale (Model: Aerospace compressed of warts and form a bigger structure, and 074 15376). Sclerites were extracted by dissolving slender handles have conical, spiny prominences (Image in 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (Bayer 1961) and 2 A–G). Coenenchymal sclerites of the disc have slender examined under stereo zoom microscope LEICA M 205A needle shaped sclerites measuring upto 0.47mm. These for taxonomic analysis. The sample was identified based are pointed at the end, contain spiny structures on body on morphological characters and sclerite structures in of sclereites (Image 2 H–K). The clubs on the surface layer conjunction with Verseveldt (1978). of the stalk are slightly stronger than the surface layer of the capitulum. The warts are arranged in distinct girdles Results of 0.09–0.30 mm long (Image 2 H–Q). Interior of the One species of alcyonacean coral was identified as stalk contains wider spindle shaped sclerites measuring the new distribution record to Indian waters from the North Andaman Island on the basis of taxonomical attributes. The detailed morphological features are described below. Systematics Phylum: Cnidaria Verrill, 1865 Class: Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834 Subclass: Octocorallia Order: Alcyonacea Lamourox, 1812 Suborder: Alcyoniina Family: Alcyoniidae Lamouroux, 1812 Genus: Sarcophyton Lesson, 1834 Species: birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978 Sarcophyton birkelandi (Fig. 1, Images 1 & 2) J. Verseveldt, 1978, 50. Figure 1. Map showing sampling site at Craggy Island off the North Material examined: ZSI/ANRC-12100, 09.iii.2015, Andaman Island Craggy Island (13.225 N & 93.056 E) North Andaman, coll. Seepana Rajendra. The length of the stalk is 5.8cm, and the width is 3.9cm. The expanded length of the capitulum is 9.4cm, the length of the larger lobe in the colony is 4cm and width is 2.4cm (Fig. 1). The identified samples were registered as National Zoological Collections and deposited at Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair. Diagnostic characters: It was a mushroom-shaped colony with both autozooids and siphonozooids. Edges of the capitulum are strongly flattened. The lobes are erect, flat and narrow edges curled towards the outside. The colony is firm but slightly flexible. The centres of the disc have completely retracted (Image 1) autozooids which are 0.70–1.20 mm apart. The distance between © Seepana Rajendra edges of the capitulum autozooids are 0.6–1.10 mm Image 1. Preserved sample of Sarcophyton birkelandi Verseveldt, and space between autozooids and siphonozooids is 1978 10578 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10577–10580 First report of Sarcophyton birkelandi in Indian waters Rajendra et al. © Seepana Rajendra Image 2. Sarcophyton birkelandi Verseveldt, 1978. A–G - sclerites of capitulam exterior; H–K - sclerites of capitulam interior; L–Q - sclerites of stalk exterior; R–V - sclerites of stalk interior. 0.27–0.53 mm in length with slightly wider spiny warts made an account on collected alcyonarians by the ‘RIMS (Image 2 R–V). The living colony was brown in colour, Investigator’ in the Indian Ocean (Thomson & Simpson light greenish to creamy whitish after preservation in 1903, 1909) followed by Thomson & Henderson 70% alcohol. (1906). The first endeavour on the studies of soft Distribution: Micronesian Islands; India (Andaman
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