DOCSLIB.ORG

On Some Octocorallia (Alcyonacea) from Hong Kong, with Description of a New Species, Paraminabea Rubeusa1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On Some Octocorallia (Alcyonacea) from Hong Kong, with Description of a New Species, Paraminabea Rubeusa1 On Some Octocorallia (Alcyonacea) from Hong Kong, with Description of a New Species, Paraminabea rubeusa1 Y. Benayahu2,4 and K. Fabricius3 Abstract: Octocorals from Hong Kong were studied at 18 sites down to a depth of 25 m in 1999. The collection of @90 specimens yielded nine species distrib- uted in seven genera of the families Alcyoniidae, Nephtheidae, and Xeniidae (all are new zoogeographical records for Hong Kong), plus ca. 70 samples of azoo- xanthellate octocorals of the genera Dendronephthya (family Nephtheidae), Chiro- nephthya, and Nephthyigorgia (family Nidaliidae), which were not identified to species level. The collection included Paraminabea rubeusa Benayahu & Fabri- cius, n. sp., which is described here. The impoverished nature of the zooxan- thellate octocorals is reflected in the low number of species found in the families Alcyoniidae and Xeniidae (seven and one, respectively), families that typically contribute a high proportion of species in the Indo-Pacific region. It is crucial to implement effective conservation policies in Hong Kong to preserve its remaining zooxanthellate octocoral species and thereby prevent the local ex- tinction of these species, including the newly described Sarcophyton tumulosum Benayahu & Ofwegen, 2009, and Lobophytum mortoni Benayahu & Ofwegen, 2009, which may be endemic to the region. Hong Kong (latitude 22 N) represents a Kong have been studied extensively and are marginal environment for corals within the considered subtropical formations (e.g., Clark South China Sea (Morton and Blackmore 1998, McCorry 2002, Lam et al. 2007, and 2001). Its coral communities are nonreef- references therein). Notably, coral cover has building communities, due to winter seawater declined to low levels in several areas, appar- temperature minima averaging 17C (with ently due to impaired coral recruitment occasional brief drops to 14–16C in surface (McCorry 2002). waters), and freshwater intrusions frequently Taxonomic studies of the Hong Kong Oc- reducing salinity. Furthermore, the reefs of tocorallia have recently been reviewed by Hong Kong are affected by a variety of Lam and Morton (2008). Those studies were anthropogenic perturbations that have led initiated in 1854 during the North Pacific Ex- to their gradual deterioration (e.g., Morton ploring Expedition by Stimpson (1855), who 1994, 2002). The stony corals of Hong described the new species Nephthya coccinea, which was placed in Echinomuricea by Nutting (1910). They were followed by Verrill 1 Manuscript accepted 1 February 2009. (1865a,b), who identified and described a 2 Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of further six new species from the specimens Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, collected earlier by Stimpson. Later, Shen Tel Aviv, P.O.B 39040, Israel. (1940) described Dendronephthya sp. and 3 Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Nephthya sp. from Hong Kong. After a gap PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Austra- lia. of 40 yr in the study of octocorals from the 4 Corresponding author: (phone: 972-3-6409090; fax: area, Zou and Scott (1982) surveyed the gor- 972-3-6409403; e-mail: [email protected]). gonians from the northeastern part of Hong Kong, recording a total of 26 species belong- ing to 15 genera and six families: Antho- Pacific Science (2010), vol. 64, no. 2:285–296 doi: 10.2984/64.2.285 thelidae (one species), Subergorgiidae (two : 2010 by University of Hawai‘i Press species), Acanthogorgiidae (three species), All rights reserved Paramuriceidae (12 species), Plexauridae (five 285 286 PACIFIC SCIENCE . April 2010 species), and Ellisellidae (three species). Based materials and methods on a collection conducted in Hong Kong dur- ing 1980, Li (1986) recorded the families Al- Collection of material was conducted during cyoniidae (six species) and Nephtheidae (four November 1999 and comprised the following species), all of which were new records from 18 sites in Hong Kong: Bokhara Rocks (22 China. Based on a collection carried out in 13 0 25.71 00 N, 114 16 0 45.0900 E); Tai Tau 1995, Clark (1997) listed several octocorals Chau (Shek O) (22 13 0 56.63 00 N, 114 15 0 in the Cape d’Aguilar Marine Reserve (Hong 10.1900 E); Sham Wan (22 23 0 05.5900 N, Kong) in the families Paramuriceidae (nine 114 08 0 30.49 00 E); Pak Shau (Round Island) species), Telestidae (one species), Plexauridae (22 32 0 25.4500 N, 114 19 0 51.5800 E); Tsung (three species), Ellisellidae (two species), and O Wan ( Junk Bay) (22 16 0 39.4800 N, 114 Alcyoniidae (two species), including two new 15 0 12.45 00 E); Kung Chau (22 28 0 56.9100 N, records for the region. Based on a survey con- 114 220 14.1800 E); Ping Chao (22 32 0 22.30 00 ducted in 1999 on the shallow reefs of Hong N, 114 23 0 31.32 00 E); Breakers Rock (22 28 0 Kong, Fabricius and McCorry (2006) listed 39.5200 N, 114 50 13.72 00 E); Lo Chau Mun 42 octocoral species distributed among 23 (Po Toi Channel) (22 11 0 23.31 00 N, 114 genera of the families Alcyoniidae (six spe- 15 0 26.85 00 E); Waglan (22 11 0 02.6100 N, cies), Nephtheidae (six species), Nidaliidae 114 18 0 19.1600 E); Pak Kwo Chau (North (two species), Xeniidae (one species); Acan- Ninepin) (22 15 0 26.2300 N, 114 21 0 00.26 00 thogorgiidae (four species), Plexauridae (18 E); Nam Kwo Chau (South Ninepin) (22 species), and Ellisellidae (three species). Most 35 0 15.0500 N, 114 20 0 49.40 00 E); Fo Shek of the taxa mentioned in the study were not Chau (Basalt Island) (22 18 0 51.08 00 N, 114 identified to species level and are referred to 22 0 01.20 00 E); Long Ke Wan (22 190 12.83 00 as sp. (see table 2 of Fabricius and McCorry N, 114 22 0 58.25 00 E); Mat Chau (Po Toi) 2006). That survey presented results on the (22 10 0 12.67 00 N, 114 15 0 31.0200 E); Nam abundance of zooxanthellate and azooxan- Kok Tsui (Po Toi South) (22 12 0 12.29 00 N, thellate octocorals along the main spatial and 114 15 0 47.62 00 E); Lo Chau Pak Pai (Castle water quality gradients in Hong Kong, and Rock) (22 10 0 30.1500 N, 114 14 0 13.67 00 E); the authors concluded that the former are Luk Chau (Lamma) (22 13 0 42.43 00 N, 114 strongly affected by water clarity and that 07 0 28.4200 E) (Figure 1). their disappearance is associated with a dra- These sites were reached by boat, and a matic reduction in stony coral communities. careful examination of a variety of niches Recently, Lam and Morton (2008) reported was carried out by scuba diving down to 25 22 octocoral species from two submarine m. Approximately 90 samples were collected, caves in the oceanic southeastern waters of encompassing the variety of octocoral taxa Hong Kong, including one new species, Para- found at the various sites. Before collection minabea hongkongensis Lam & Morton, and an most of the colonies were photographed in additional 11 species that were new records situ. Samples were fixed in 4% formalin in for the region. In addition, that study pre- seawater overnight, then rinsed in freshwater, sented a list of 60 octocorals previously re- and transferred to 70% alcohol. Sclerites corded from Hong Kong. were obtained by dissolving the tissues in The study reported here deals with octo- 10% sodium hypochlorite and prepared for corals of the families Alyconiidae, Nephthei- scanning electron microscopy as follows: the dae, and Xeniidae from Hong Kong collected sclerites were carefully rinsed with double- by us in 1999. We provide a systematic list of distilled water, dried at room temperature, the species and describe a new species, Para- coated with gold, and then examined with an minabea rubeusa Benayahu & Fabricius. Nota- electron microscope ( Jeol 840A) operated bly, this collection has recently yielded two at 25 kV. Identification of species was in part other new species, Lobophytum mortoni Be- facilitated by comparisons with permanent nayahu & Ofwegen, 2009, and Sarcophyton sclerite preparations of type material kept tumulosum Benayahu & Ofwegen, 2009. in the Zoological Museum, Department of Octocorallia from Hong Kong . Benayahu and Fabricius 287 Figure 1. Map of Hong Kong showing the study sites. 1, Bokhara Rocks; 2, Tai Tau Chau (Shek O); 3, Sham Wan; 4, Pak Shau (Round Island); 5, Tsung O Wan ( Junk Bay); 6, Kung Chau; 7, Ping Chao; 8, Breakers Rock; 9, Lo Chau Mun (Po Toi Channel); 10, Waglan; 11, Pak Kwo Chau (North Ninepin); 12, Nam Kwo Chau (South Ninepin); 13, Fo Shek Chau (Basalt Island); 14, Long Ke Wan; 15, Mat Chau (Po Toi); 16, Nam Kok Tsui (Po Toi South); 17, Lo Chau Pak Pai (Castle Rock); 18, Luk Chau (Lamma). Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel (zmtau). results The specimens are deposited in zmtau and in Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, The examined material yielded nine species The Netherlands (rmnh). Members of the in the three families Alcyoniidae, Nephthei- families Nephtheidae and Nidaliidae are still dae, and Xeniidae (Table 1), of which three being examined. are new species (Benayahu and Ofwegen 288 PACIFIC SCIENCE . April 2010 TABLE 1 description: The holotype is an arbo- List of Species of Octocorallia of the Order Alcyonacea rescent colony, 60 mm long and 55 mm wide (Lamouroux, 1816) from Hong Kong, with Museum (Figure 2a). Its has a low base, ca. 3–6 mm Inventory Numbers (zmtau Co), RMNH Coel high, that gives rise to a number of branching primary lobes. Lobes and lobules are finger- Family Alcyoniidae Lamouroux, 1912 like, stout with tapering ends, and compose Genus Cladiella Gray, 1869 most of the total length of the colony.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
    MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari­ many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi­ greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside­ through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega­ and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in­ motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber­ W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an­ Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol­ the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex­ separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid­ one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi­ Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart­ known. Of 93 species reported from Ber­ mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410-5217 Volume 14, Number 1, October 2010 : 11 - 17 Accredited : 83/Dikti/Kep/2009 Original Paper NATURAL CORAL COLONIZATION OF A MARINA SEAWALL IN SINGAPORE Chou Loke Ming†, NG Chin Soon Lionel‡, Chan Sek Meng Jeremy†, and Seow Liyun Angie† † Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Blk S1, #02-05, Singapore 117543 ‡ Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Blk S2S, Singapore 119227 Received : June, 7, 2010 ; Accepted : July, 26, 2010 ABSTRACT Marinas require extensive modification of a natural coast. The resulting modified habitat is known to support changed biological communities but the ability of tropical marinas to function as a surrogate habitat for scleractinian corals has not been well investigated. An assessment of scleractinian corals naturally colonising a nine-year-old marina seawall in Singapore indicated 26 genera from 13 families, of which Pectinia and Turbinaria were the most dominant. Most colonies measured 10 – 25 cm in diameter. Reefs of adjacent islands provided the larval source while the marina’s environmental conditions favored larval recruitment and growth. Specific larval settlement preferences as well as sediment rejection capabilities of the two most common genera could have contributed to their dominance. The study showed that the seawall of a marina can support scleractinian coral communities and with relevant management, can significantly enhance marine biodiversity. Key words: Scleractinian diversity; seawall; Singapore; tropical marina Correspondence : Tel: +65 65166867 ; Fax: +65 67792486 ; Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Singapore’s coastline has been heavily modified have also demonstrated that biological by expanding infrastructure development assemblages on artificial marine structures and necessitated by the demands from multiple nearby natural habitats can be different (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Slow Population Turnover in the Soft Coral Genera Sinularia and Sarcophyton on Mid- and Outer-Shelf Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 126: 145-152,1995 Published October 5 Mar Ecol Prog Ser l Slow population turnover in the soft coral genera Sinularia and Sarcophyton on mid- and outer-shelf reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Katharina E. Fabricius* Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia ABSTRACT: Aspects of the life history of the 2 common soft coral genera Sinularja and Sarcophyton were investigated on 360 individually tagged colonies over 3.5 yr. Measurements included rates of growth, colony fission, mortality, sublethal predation and algae infection, and were carried out at 18 sites on 6 mid- and outer-shelf reefs of the Australian Great Barrier Reef. In both Sinularia and Sarco- phyton, average radial growth was around 0.5 cm yr.', and relative growth rates were size-dependent. In Sinularia, populations changed very slowly over time. Their per capita mortality was low (0.014 yr.') and size-independent, and indicated longevity of the colonies. Colonies with extensions of up to 10 X 10 m potentially could be several hundreds of years old. Mortality was more than compensated for by asexual reproduction through colony fission (0.035 yr.'). In Sarcophyton, mortality was low in colonies larger than 5 cm disk diameter (0.064 yr-l), and significantly higher in newly recruited small colonies (0.88 yr-'). Photographic monitoring of about 500 additional colonies from 16 soft coral genera showed that rates of mortality and recruitment In the family Alcyoniidae differed fundamentally from those of the commonly more 'fugitive' families Xeniidae and Nephtheidae. Rates of recruitment by larval set- tlement were very low in a majority of the soft coral taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Long Island and It's Adjacent Areas in Middle Andaman, India
    Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (01), January 2018, pp. 96-102 Diversity and distribution of gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the Long Island and it’s adjacent areas in Middle Andaman, India J. S. Yogesh Kumar1*, S. Geetha2, C. Raghunathan3 & R. Sornaraj2 1Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, Digha – 721428, West Bengal, India. 2Research Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Thoothukudi – 628003, Tamil Nadu, India. 3Zoological Survey of India (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change), Government of India, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053,West Bengal, India. [E.mail: [email protected] ] Received 05 November 2015 ; revised 17 November 2016 The diversity and distribution of gorgonian were assessed at seven sites at Long Island and it’s adjusting areas in Middle Andaman during 2013 to 2015. A total of 28 species of gorgonians are reported in shallow reef areas. Maximum life form was observed in Guaiter Island and Minimum in Headlamp Patch. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Islands, the species diversity was high for the genera Junceella, Subergorgia and Ellisella. Principal Component Analysis also supported for this three genes. [Keywords: Diversity, Gorgonian, Octocoral, Long Island, Middle Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar, India] Introduction The gorgonians popularly called as sea In India, the study on gorgonians fans and sea whips are marine sessile taxonomy initiated by Thomson and coelenterates with colonial skeleton and living Henderson15,16 and 50 species were reported of polyps1. They are exceptionally productive and a which 26 species were new from oyster banks of valuable natural asset.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION for MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE Investigational Report No. 68 Corals O
    SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION FOR MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE Investigational Report No. 68 Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean II. Eleutherobia aurea spec. nov. (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) from deep reefs on the KwaZulu-Natal Coast, South Africa by Y. Benayahu and M.H. Sch layer Edited by M.H. Schleyer Published by THE OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE P.0 Box 10712, Manne Parade 4056 DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA October 1995 Copynori ISBN 0 66989 07« 3 ISSN 0078-320X Frontispiece. Colony of Eleutherobia aurea spec. nov. in Its natural habitat with its polyps expanded Eleutherobia aurea spec. nov. (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) from deep reefs on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa by Y. Benayahui and M. H. Schleyeri 'Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences. Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. ^Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, Durban, South Africa. ABSTRACT Eleutherobia aurea spec. nov. is a new octocoral species (family Alcyoniidae) described from material collected on deep reefs along the coast of KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa. The species has spheroid, radiate and double deltoid sclerites, the latter being the most conspicuous sclerites and aiso the most abundant in the interior of the colony. Keywords: Eleutherobia, Cnidaria, Alcyonacea. Octocorallia, coral reefs, South Africa. INTRODUCTION The alcyonacean fauna of southern Africa (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) has been thoroughly examined and revised by Williams (1992). The tropical coastal area of northern KwaZulu-Natal has recently been investigated at Sodwana Bay and yielded 37 species of the families Tubiporidae. Alcyoniidae and Xeniidae (Benayahu, 1993). Further collections conducted on the deeper reef areas of Two-Mile Reef at Sodwana Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
    PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Recruitment of Soft-Corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on Artificial Substrata at Eilat (Red Sea)
    MARINE ECOLOGY - PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 38: 161-167, 1987 Published June 18 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Long-term recruitment of soft-corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on artificial substrata at Eilat (Red Sea) Y.Benayahu & Y.Loya Department of Zoology. The George S. Wise Center for Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978. Israel ABSTRACT: Recruitment of soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on concrete plates was studied in the reefs of the Nature Reserve of Eilat at depths of 17 to 29 m over 12 yr. Xenia macrospiculata was the pioneering species, appealing on the vast majority of the plates before any other spat. This species remained the most conspicuous inhabitant of the substrata throughout the whole study. Approximately 10 % of the plates were very extensively colonized by X. rnacrospiculata, resembling the percentage of living coverage by the species in the surrounding reef, thus suggesting that during the study X. rnacrospiculata populations reached their maximal potential to capture the newly available substrata. The successive appearance of an additional 11 soft coral species was recorded. The species composition of the recruits and their abundance corresponded with the soft coral community in the natural reef, indicahng that the estabhshed spat were progeny of the local populations. Soft coral recruits utilized the edges and lower surfaces of the plates most successfully, rather than the exposed upper surfaces. Such preferential settling of alcyonaceans allows the spat to escape from unfavourable conditions and maintains their high survival in the established community. INTRODUCTION determine the role played by alcyonaceans in the course of reef colonization and in the reef's space Studies on processes and dynamics of reef benthic allocation.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Report on the Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands
    国立科博専報，(52), pp. 65–94 , 2018 年 3 月 28 日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (52), pp. 65–94, March 28, 2018 Preliminary Report on the Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands Yukimitsu Imahara1* and Hiroshi Namikawa2 1Wakayama Laboratory, Biological Institute on Kuroshio, 300–11 Kire, Wakayama, Wakayama 640–0351, Japan *E-mail: [email protected] 2Showa Memorial Institute, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan Abstract. Approximately 400 octocoral specimens were collected from the Ogasawara Islands by SCUBA diving during 2013–2016 and by dredging surveys by the R/V Koyo of the Tokyo Met- ropolitan Ogasawara Fisheries Center in 2014 as part of the project “Biological Properties of Bio- diversity Hotspots in Japan” at the National Museum of Nature and Science. Here we report on 52 lots of these octocoral specimens that have been identified to 42 species thus far. The specimens include seven species of three genera in two families of Stolonifera, 25 species of ten genera in two families of Alcyoniina, one species of Scleraxonia, and nine species of four genera in three families of Pennatulacea. Among them, three species of Stolonifera: Clavularia cf. durum Hick- son, C. cf. margaritiferae Thomson & Henderson and C. cf. repens Thomson & Henderson, and five species of Alcyoniina: Lobophytum variatum Tixier-Durivault, L. cf. mirabile Tixier- Durivault, Lohowia koosi Alderslade, Sarcophyton cf. boletiforme Tixier-Durivault and Sinularia linnei Ofwegen, are new to Japan. In particular, Lohowia koosi is the first discovery since the orig- inal description from the east coast of Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • New 9-Hydroxybriarane Diterpenoids from a Gorgonian Coral Briareum Sp
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article New 9-Hydroxybriarane Diterpenoids from a Gorgonian Coral Briareum sp. (Briareidae) Yin-Di Su 1,2,†, Chun-Sung Sung 3,4,†, Zhi-Hong Wen 1,5, Yu-Hsin Chen 2,6, Yu-Chia Chang 2,5, Jih-Jung Chen 7, Lee-Shing Fang 8, Yang-Chang Wu 9,10,11,12,*, Jyh-Horng Sheu 1,5,* and Ping-Jyun Sung 1,2,10,12,13,* Received: 30 November 2015; Accepted: 5 January 2016; Published: 9 January 2016 Academic Editor: Vassilios Roussis 1 Department of Marine Biotechnology & Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-D.S.); [email protected] (Z.-H.W.) 2 National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-H.C.); [email protected] (Y.-C.C.) 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan 5 Doctoral Degree Program of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University & Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 6 Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan 7 Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan; [email protected] 8 Department of Sport, Health and Leisure, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; [email protected] 9 School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan 10 Chinese Medicine
    [Show full text]
  • Table B – Subclass Octocorallia
    Table B – Subclass Octocorallia BINOMEN ORDER SUBORDER FAMILY SUBFAMILY GENUS SPECIES SUBSPECIES COMN_NAMES AUTHORITY SYNONYMS #Records Acanella arbuscula Alcyonacea Calcaxonia Isididae n/a Acanella arbuscula n/a n/a n/a n/a 59 Acanthogorgia armata Alcyonacea Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae n/a Acanthogorgia armata n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 n/a 95 Anthomastus agassizii Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus agassizii n/a n/a (Verrill, 1922) n/a 35 Anthomastus grandiflorus Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus grandiflorus n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 Anthomastus purpureus 37 Anthomastus sp. Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Anthomastus sp. n/a n/a Verrill, 1878 n/a 1 Anthothela grandiflora Alcyonacea Scleraxonia Anthothelidae n/a Anthothela grandiflora n/a n/a (Sars, 1856) n/a 24 Capnella florida Alcyonacea n/a Nephtheidae n/a Capnella florida n/a n/a (Verrill, 1869) Eunephthya florida 44 Capnella glomerata Alcyonacea n/a Nephtheidae n/a Capnella glomerata n/a n/a (Verrill, 1869) Eunephthya glomerata 4 Chrysogorgia agassizii Alcyonacea Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae Chrysogorgiidae Chrysogorgia agassizii n/a n/a (Verrill, 1883) n/a 2 Clavularia modesta Alcyonacea n/a Clavulariidae n/a Clavularia modesta n/a n/a (Verrill, 1987) n/a 6 Clavularia rudis Alcyonacea n/a Clavulariidae n/a Clavularia rudis n/a n/a (Verrill, 1922) n/a 1 Gersemia fruticosa Alcyonacea Alcyoniina Alcyoniidae n/a Gersemia fruticosa n/a n/a Marenzeller, 1877 n/a 3 Keratoisis flexibilis Alcyonacea Calcaxonia Isididae n/a Keratoisis flexibilis n/a n/a Pourtales, 1868 n/a 1 Lepidisis caryophyllia Alcyonacea n/a Isididae n/a Lepidisis caryophyllia n/a n/a Verrill, 1883 Lepidisis vitrea 13 Muriceides sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Planula Release, Settlement, Metamorphosis and Growth in Two Deep-Sea Soft Corals
    REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF DEEP-SEA SOFT CORALS IN THE NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR REGION by ©Zhao Sun A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Ocean Sciences Centre and Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's (Newfoundland and Labrador) Canada 28 April2009 ABSTRACT This research integrates processing of pre erved samples and, for the first time, long-term monitoring of live colonies and the study of planula behaviour and settlement preferences in four deep-sea brooding octocorals (Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae). Results indicate that reproduction can be correlated to bottom temperature, photoperiod, wind speed and fluctuations in phytoplankton abundance. Large planula larvae are polymorphic, exhibit ubstratum selectivity and can fuse together or with a parent colony. Planulae of two Drifa species are also able to metamorphose in the water column before ettlement. Thi research thus brings evidence of both the resilience (i.e., extended breeding period, demersal larvae with a long competency period) and vulnerability (i.e., substratum selectivity, slow growth) of deep-water corals; and open up new perspectives on experimental tudies of deep-sea organisms. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Annie Mercier, as well a Jean-Fran~oi Hamel, for their continuou guidance, support and encouragement. With great patience and pas ion, they helped me adapt to graduate studies. I would also like to thank my co- upervisor Evan Edinger, committee member Paul Snelgrove and examiners Catherine McFadden and Robert Hooper for providing valuable input and for comment on the manuscripts and thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]