DOCSLIB.ORG

New 9-Hydroxybriarane Diterpenoids from a Gorgonian Coral Briareum Sp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New 9-Hydroxybriarane Diterpenoids from a Gorgonian Coral Briareum Sp International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article New 9-Hydroxybriarane Diterpenoids from a Gorgonian Coral Briareum sp. (Briareidae) Yin-Di Su 1,2,†, Chun-Sung Sung 3,4,†, Zhi-Hong Wen 1,5, Yu-Hsin Chen 2,6, Yu-Chia Chang 2,5, Jih-Jung Chen 7, Lee-Shing Fang 8, Yang-Chang Wu 9,10,11,12,*, Jyh-Horng Sheu 1,5,* and Ping-Jyun Sung 1,2,10,12,13,* Received: 30 November 2015; Accepted: 5 January 2016; Published: 9 January 2016 Academic Editor: Vassilios Roussis 1 Department of Marine Biotechnology & Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-D.S.); [email protected] (Z.-H.W.) 2 National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; [email protected] (Y.-H.C.); [email protected] (Y.-C.C.) 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan 5 Doctoral Degree Program of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University & Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 6 Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan 7 Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan; [email protected] 8 Department of Sport, Health and Leisure, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; [email protected] 9 School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan 10 Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan 11 Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan 12 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan 13 Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.-C.W.); [email protected] (J.-H.S.); [email protected] (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-7513 (Y.-C.W.); +886-7-5252-000 (ext. 5030) (J.-H.S.); +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-4-2206-0248 (Y.-C.W.); +886-7-5255-020 (J.-H.S.); +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Six new 9-hydroxybriarane diterpenoids, briarenolides ZI–ZVI (1–6), were isolated from a gorgonian coral Briareum sp. The structures of briaranes 1–6 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of related analogues. Briarenolides ZII (2) and ZVI (6) were found to significantly inhibit the expression of the pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Keywords: Briareum; briarenolide; briarane; gorgonian; anti-inflammatory; iNOS 1. Introduction The briarane-type diterpenoid (3,8-cyclized cembranoid), 2β-acetoxy-2-(debutyryloxy)-stecholide E, was first isolated from the gorgonian coral Briareum sp. in 1996 [1]. Since then, hundreds of compounds of this type have been obtained from various Taiwanese gorgonian corals, such as Briareum, Junceella and Ellisella spp. [2–6], that have been located off the coast of Taiwan. Recently, in a sample collected at the southern tip of Taiwan, as Briareum sp. (family Briareidae), we identified six new Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 79; doi:10.3390/ijms17010079 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 79 2 of 13 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 79 2 of 13 Recently, in a sample collected at the southern tip of Taiwan, as Briareum sp. (family Briareidae), we identified six new briaranes, briarenolides ZI–ZVI (1–6) (Figure 1). In this report, we isolate and briaranes,determine briarenolides the structures ZI–ZVI of (1these–6) (Figure briaranes,1). In in this addition report, weto isolatestudying and their determine anti-inflammatory the structures of theseproperties. briaranes, in addition to studying their anti-inflammatory properties. OAc OH OAc OAc R AcO AcO AcO 15 3 4 2 16 14 5 13 1 O 12 10 6 11 7 Cl CH (CH ) CO HO H 9 3 2 2 H H 8 O O HO 20 O O O O O HO 17 R HO 19 18 O O O 1 2: R = OH, 7: R = OAc 3: R = OH, 8: R = H OAc R1 AcO 4: R1 = OH, R2 = α-H, R3 = α-OC(O)(CH2)2CH3 5: R1 = H, R2 = β-OH, R3 = α-OH 6: R1 = OAc, R2 = α-H, R3 = β-OH R 3 H 9: R1 = H, R2 = β-OH, R3 = α-OC(O)(CH2)2CH3 R2 O O 10: R1 = H, R2 = α-H, R3 = β-OH HO O FigureFigure 1. The 1. structuresThe structures of briarenolidesof briarenolides ZI–ZVI ZI–ZVI ( 1–(16–),6), excavatolide excavatolide F ((77),), 22ββ-acetoxy-2--acetoxy-2- (debutyryloxy)-stecholideE(debutyryloxy)-stecholide E (8), ( excavatolide8), excavatolide Z (9 Z) and (9) andexcavatolide excavatolide E (10 E). (10). 2. Results2. Results and and Discussion Discussion The molecular formula of a new briarane, briarenolide ZI (1), was determined as C24H33ClO11 The molecular formula of a new briarane, briarenolide ZI (1), was determined as C24H33ClO11 (eight(eight degrees degrees of unsaturation) of unsaturation) by high-resolution by high-resol electrosprayution electrospray ionization ionization mass spectrum mass (HRESIMS)spectrum (HRESIMS) at m/z 555.16025 (calcd. for C24H33ClO11 + Na, 555.16036). The IR of 1 showed absorptions at m/z 555.16025 (calcd. for C24H33ClO11 + Na, 555.16036). The IR of 1 showed absorptions at 1715, at 1715, 1769 and 3382 cm−1, which were consistent with the presence of ester, γ-lactone and hydroxy 1769 and 3382 cm´1, which were consistent with the presence of ester, γ-lactone and hydroxy groups. groups. The 13C NMR spectrum (Table 1) suggested that 1 possessed an exocyclic carbon-carbon The 13C NMR spectrum (Table1) suggested that 1 possessed an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond 1 double bond based on signals at δC 138.6 (C-5) and 116.9 (CH2-16), which was confirmed1 by the H based on signals at δC 138.6 (C-5) and 116.9 (CH2-16), which was confirmed by the H NMR spectrum NMR spectrum of 1 (Table 1), which showed two olefin proton signals at δH 5.88 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, of 1 (Table1), which showed two olefin proton signals at δH 5.88 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 1.2 Hz, H-16a) and 1.2 Hz, H-16a) and 5.64 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 1.2 Hz, H-16b). Three carbonyl resonances at δC 175.3 (C-19), δ 5.64173.4 (1H, and dd, 169.3J = 2.4, (2 × 1.2ester Hz, carbonyl H-16b).s) revealed Three carbonyl the presence resonances of one γ at-lactoneC 175.3 and (C-19), two ester 173.4 groups and in 169.3 1; (2ˆ ester carbonyls) revealed the presence of one γ-lactone and two ester groups in 1; two acetyl two acetyl methyls (δH 2.06, s, 2 × 3H) were also observed. According to the overall unsaturation methylsdata, it (δ wasH 2.06, concluded s, 2 ˆ 3H) that were 1 was also a diterpenoid observed. molecule According possessing to the overall four rings. unsaturation data, it was concluded1H thatNMR1 wascoupling a diterpenoid information molecule in the possessing1H–1H correlation four rings. spectroscopy (COSY) spectrum of 1 1 1 1 enabledH NMR identification coupling informationof the H-2/H in2-3, the H-6/H-7,H– H H-12/H correlation2-13/H-14, spectroscopy H-6/H2-16 (COSY) (by allylic spectrum coupling) of 1 enabledand H-17/H identification3-18 units of (Table the H-2/H 1). The2-3, heteronuclear H-6/H-7, H-12/H mult2iple-13/H-14, bond coherence H-6/H2-16 (HMBC) (by allylic correlations coupling) andbetween H-17/H protons3-18 units and (Table quaternary1). The carbons heteronuclear of 1 (H-2, multiple H2-3, H-10, bond H2 coherence-13, H3-15/C-1; (HMBC) H-2, H correlations2-3, H2-16, betweenOH-4/C-4; protons H-16b, and OH-4/C-5; quaternary H-10, carbons H3-18, of OH-9/C-8;1 (H-2, H2 -3,H3-20/C-11 H-10, H 2and-13, H-17, H3-15/C-1; H3-18/C-19) H-2, Hpermitted2-3, H2-16, OH-4/C-4;elucidation H-16b, of the OH-4/C-5; carbon skeleton H-10, H 3(Table-18, OH-9/C-8; 1). HMBC H 3correlations-20/C-11 and between H-17, HH32-18/C-19)-16/C-4, -5 permitted and -6 elucidationindicated ofanthe exocyclic carbon double skeleton bond (Table at C-5,1). wh HMBCich was correlations further confirmed between by H the2-16/C-4, allylic coupling -5 and -6 indicatedbetween an H exocyclic2-16/H-6. HMBC double correlations bond at C-5, between which H3 was-15/C-1, further -2, -10 confirmed and -14 and by H-2 the and allylic H-10/C-15, coupling revealed that the ring junction C-15 methyl group was located at C-1. Furthermore, an HMBC between H2-16/H-6. HMBC correlations between H3-15/C-1, -2, -10 and -14 and H-2 and H-10/C-15, revealedcorrelation that between the ring H-2 junction (δH 5.09) C-15 and methyl the acetate group carbonyl was located (δC 173.4) at C-1. revealed Furthermore, the presence an HMBCof an acetate ester at C-2; and an HMBC correlation between a hydroxy proton (δH 6.50) and C-4 correlation between H-2 (δH 5.09) and the acetate carbonyl (δC 173.4) revealed the presence of an oxygenated quaternary carbon suggested the presence of a hydroxy group at C-4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MARINE FAUNA and FLORA of BERMUDA a Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms
    MARINE FAUNA AND FLORA OF BERMUDA A Systematic Guide to the Identification of Marine Organisms Edited by WOLFGANG STERRER Bermuda Biological Station St. George's, Bermuda in cooperation with Christiane Schoepfer-Sterrer and 63 text contributors A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTHOZOA 159 sucker) on the exumbrella. Color vari­ many Actiniaria and Ceriantharia can able, mostly greenish gray-blue, the move if exposed to unfavorable condi­ greenish color due to zooxanthellae tions. Actiniaria can creep along on their embedded in the mesoglea. Polyp pedal discs at 8-10 cm/hr, pull themselves slender; strobilation of the monodisc by their tentacles, move by peristalsis type. Medusae are found, upside­ through loose sediment, float in currents, down and usually in large congrega­ and even swim by coordinated tentacular tions, on the muddy bottoms of in­ motion. shore bays and ponds. Both subclasses are represented in Ber­ W. STERRER muda. Because the orders are so diverse morphologically, they are often discussed separately. In some classifications the an­ Class Anthozoa (Corals, anemones) thozoan orders are grouped into 3 (not the 2 considered here) subclasses, splitting off CHARACTERISTICS: Exclusively polypoid, sol­ the Ceriantharia and Antipatharia into a itary or colonial eNIDARIA. Oral end ex­ separate subclass, the Ceriantipatharia. panded into oral disc which bears the mouth and Corallimorpharia are sometimes consid­ one or more rings of hollow tentacles. ered a suborder of Scleractinia. Approxi­ Stomodeum well developed, often with 1 or 2 mately 6,500 species of Anthozoa are siphonoglyphs. Gastrovascular cavity compart­ known. Of 93 species reported from Ber­ mentalized by radially arranged mesenteries.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Report on the Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands
    国立科博専報，(52), pp. 65–94 , 2018 年 3 月 28 日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (52), pp. 65–94, March 28, 2018 Preliminary Report on the Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Ogasawara Islands Yukimitsu Imahara1* and Hiroshi Namikawa2 1Wakayama Laboratory, Biological Institute on Kuroshio, 300–11 Kire, Wakayama, Wakayama 640–0351, Japan *E-mail: [email protected] 2Showa Memorial Institute, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan Abstract. Approximately 400 octocoral specimens were collected from the Ogasawara Islands by SCUBA diving during 2013–2016 and by dredging surveys by the R/V Koyo of the Tokyo Met- ropolitan Ogasawara Fisheries Center in 2014 as part of the project “Biological Properties of Bio- diversity Hotspots in Japan” at the National Museum of Nature and Science. Here we report on 52 lots of these octocoral specimens that have been identified to 42 species thus far. The specimens include seven species of three genera in two families of Stolonifera, 25 species of ten genera in two families of Alcyoniina, one species of Scleraxonia, and nine species of four genera in three families of Pennatulacea. Among them, three species of Stolonifera: Clavularia cf. durum Hick- son, C. cf. margaritiferae Thomson & Henderson and C. cf. repens Thomson & Henderson, and five species of Alcyoniina: Lobophytum variatum Tixier-Durivault, L. cf. mirabile Tixier- Durivault, Lohowia koosi Alderslade, Sarcophyton cf. boletiforme Tixier-Durivault and Sinularia linnei Ofwegen, are new to Japan. In particular, Lohowia koosi is the first discovery since the orig- inal description from the east coast of Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoologische Verhandelingen
    Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean: VI. The Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) of Mozambique, with a discussion on soft coral distribution on south equatorial East African reefs Y. Benayahu, A. Shlagman & M.H. Schleyer Benayahu, Y., A. Shlagman & M.H. Schleyer. Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean: VI. The Alcyo- nacea (Octocorallia) of Mozambique, with a discussion on soft coral distribution on south equatorial East African reefs. Zool. Verh. Leiden 345, 31.x.2003: 49-57, fig. 1.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-89-3. Y. Benayahu & A. Shlagman. Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel (e-mail: [email protected]). M.H. Schleyer. Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade 4056, Durban, South Africa. Key words: Mozambique; East African reefs; Octocorallia; Alcyonacea. A list of 46 species of Alcyonacea is presented for the coral reefs of the Segundas Archipelago and north- wards in Mozambique, as well as a zoogeographical record for the Bazaruto Archipelago in southern Mozambique. Among the 12 genera listed, Rhytisma, Lemnalia and Briareum were recorded on Mozambi- can reefs for the first time and the study yielded 27 new zoogeographical records. The survey brings the number of soft coral species listed for Mozambique to a total of 53. A latitudinal pattern in soft coral diversity along the south equatorial East African coast is presented, with 46 species recorded in Tanza- nia, 46 along the northern coast of Mozambique, dropping to 29 in the Bazaruto Archipelago in southern Mozambique and rising again to 38 along the KwaZulu-Natal coast in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Natural Products (2016) C7NP00052A Supplementary Information John W
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Natural Product Reports. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Marine natural products (2016) C7NP00052A Supplementary Information John W. Blunt, Anthony R. Carroll, Brent R. Copp, Rohan A. Davis, Robert A. Keyzers and Michèle R. Prinsep 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Abbreviations 3 2 Additional reviews 4 3 Marine microorganisms and phytoplankton 3.1 Marine-sourced bacteria 8 3.2 Marine-sourced fungi (excluding from mangroves) 21 3.3 Fungi from mangroves 42 3.4 Cyanobacteria 50 3.5 Dinoflagellates 53 4 Green algae 55 5 Brown algae 55 6 Red algae 57 7 Sponges 59 8 Cnidarians 74 9 Bryozoans - 10 Molluscs 87 11 Tunicates (ascidians) 89 12 Echinoderms 90 13 Mangroves and the intertidal zone 96 14 Miscellaneous 97 15 Bibliography 98 1 1 Introduction In the main Review document, only the structures of a selection of highlighted compounds referred to in the Review for that publication. This information is provided in the following are shown. However, all structures are available for viewing, along with names, taxonomic order, again separated by // (* is inserted where there are no data): Compound number, origins, locations, biological activities and other information in this Supplementary Status (N for a new compound; M for new to marine; R for a revision (structure, Information (SI) document. Each page of the SI document contains at least one array of stereochemistry, stereochemical assignment etc)), Compound name, Biological activity numbered structures. The numbers are those assigned in the Review document. For and Other information. To assist your viewing these headings are noted in the footer at structures that have their absolute configurations fully described, the compound number in the bottom of each page.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Trends of Southeastern Florida's Octocoral Comunity
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 12-6-2019 Spatial and Temporal Trends of Southeastern Florida's Octocoral Comunity Alexandra Hiley Nova Southeastern University Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Alexandra Hiley. 2019. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Southeastern Florida's Octocoral Comunity. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (522) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/522. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Alexandra Hiley Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography December 2019 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: David Gilliam, Ph.D. Committee Member: Rosanna Milligan, Ph.D. Committee Member: Charles Messing, Ph.D. This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/522 Spatial and temporal trends in Southeastern Florida’s octocoral community By Alexandra Hiley Submitted to the Faculty of Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Science and Oceanography Committee Members: David Gilliam, Ph.D. Charles Messing, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Host-Microbe Interactions in Octocoral Holobionts - Recent Advances and Perspectives Jeroen A
    van de Water et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:64 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0431-6 REVIEW Open Access Host-microbe interactions in octocoral holobionts - recent advances and perspectives Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water* , Denis Allemand and Christine Ferrier-Pagès Abstract Octocorals are one of the most ubiquitous benthic organisms in marine ecosystems from the shallow tropics to the Antarctic deep sea, providing habitat for numerous organisms as well as ecosystem services for humans. In contrast to the holobionts of reef-building scleractinian corals, the holobionts of octocorals have received relatively little attention, despite the devastating effects of disease outbreaks on many populations. Recent advances have shown that octocorals possess remarkably stable bacterial communities on geographical and temporal scales as well as under environmental stress. This may be the result of their high capacity to regulate their microbiome through the production of antimicrobial and quorum-sensing interfering compounds. Despite decades of research relating to octocoral-microbe interactions, a synthesis of this expanding field has not been conducted to date. We therefore provide an urgently needed review on our current knowledge about octocoral holobionts. Specifically, we briefly introduce the ecological role of octocorals and the concept of holobiont before providing detailed overviews of (I) the symbiosis between octocorals and the algal symbiont Symbiodinium; (II) the main fungal, viral, and bacterial taxa associated with octocorals; (III) the dominance of the microbial assemblages by a few microbial species, the stability of these associations, and their evolutionary history with the host organism; (IV) octocoral diseases; (V) how octocorals use their immune system to fight pathogens; (VI) microbiome regulation by the octocoral and its associated microbes; and (VII) the discovery of natural products with microbiome regulatory activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Dna to Figure out Soft Coral Taxonomy – Phylogenetics of Red Sea Octocorals
    USING DNA TO FIGURE OUT SOFT CORAL TAXONOMY – PHYLOGENETICS OF RED SEA OCTOCORALS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN ZOOLOGY DECEMBER 2012 By Roxanne D. Haverkort-Yeh Thesis Committee: Robert J. Toonen, Chairperson Brian W. Bowen Daniel Rubinoff Keywords: Alcyonacea, soft corals, taxonomy, phylogenetics, systematics, Red Sea i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was performed in collaboration with C. S. McFadden, A. Reynolds, Y. Benayahu, A. Halász, and M. Berumen and I thank them for their contributions to this project. Support for this project came from the Binational Science Foundation #2008186 to Y. Benayahu, C. S. McFadden & R. J. Toonen and the National Science Foundation OCE-0623699 to R. J. Toonen, and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries which provided an education & outreach fellowship for salary support. The expedition to Saudi Arabia was funded by National Science Foundation grant OCE-0929031 to B.W. Bowen and NSF OCE-0623699 to R. J. Toonen. I thank J. DiBattista for organizing the expedition to Saudi Arabia, and members of the Berumen Lab and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology for their hospitality and helpfulness. The expedition to Israel was funded by the Graduate Student Organization of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Also I thank members of the To Bo lab at the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, especially Z. Forsman, for guidance and advice with lab work and analyses, and S. Hou and A. G. Young for sequencing nDNA markers and A.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2005 EFH Amendment 3
    FINAL Generic Amendment Number 3 for Addressing Essential Fish Habitat Requirements, Habitat Areas of Particular Concern, and Adverse Effects of Fishing in the following Fishery Management Plans of the Gulf of Mexico: Shrimp Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States Waters Red Drum Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Migratory Pelagic Resources (Mackerels) in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Stone Crab Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico Spiny Lobster in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Coral and Coral Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council 3018 U.S. Highway 301 North, Suite 1000 Tampa, Florida 33619-2266 813-228-2815 March 2005 This is a publication of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Award No. NA03NMF4410028. Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in this Document..............................................................iii Fishery Impact Statement/Social Impact Assessment............................................................... 5 1 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 8 1.1 PROPOSED DESCRIPTION OF ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT .................................................................................8 1.2 PROPOSED DETERMINATION OF HABITAT AREAS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN ................................................8 1.3 PROPOSED MEASURES TO ADDRESS ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FISHING ON ESSENTIAL
    [Show full text]
  • Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center South Carolina Department of Natural Resources http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/ Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center Invertebrate Literature Library (updated 9 May 2012, 4056 entries) (1958-1959). Proceedings of the salt marsh conference held at the Marine Institute of the University of Georgia, Apollo Island, Georgia March 25-28, 1958. Salt Marsh Conference, The Marine Institute, University of Georgia, Sapelo Island, Georgia, Marine Institute of the University of Georgia. (1975). Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea, Amphipoda: Caprellidea. Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. R. I. Smith and J. T. Carlton, University of California Press. (1975). Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea, Amphipoda: Gammaridea. Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. R. I. Smith and J. T. Carlton, University of California Press. (1981). Stomatopods. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; fishing areas 34,47 (in part).Canada Funds-in Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by arrangement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, vols. 1-7. W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W. B. Scott. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume II. Final report to the Minerals Management Service. J. M. Uebelacker and P. G. Johnson. Mobile, AL, Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume III. Final report to the Minerals Management Service. J. M. Uebelacker and P. G. Johnson. Mobile, AL, Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Reproduction in Octocorals
    Vol. 443: 265–283, 2011 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published December 20 doi: 10.3354/meps09414 Mar Ecol Prog Ser REVIEW Sexual reproduction in octocorals Samuel E. Kahng1,*, Yehuda Benayahu2, Howard R. Lasker3 1Hawaii Pacific University, College of Natural Science, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795, USA 2Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel 3Department of Geology and Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA ABSTRACT: For octocorals, sexual reproductive processes are fundamental to maintaining popu- lations and influencing macroevolutionary processes. While ecological data on octocorals have lagged behind their scleractinian counterparts, the proliferation of reproductive studies in recent years now enables comparisons between these important anthozoan taxa. Here we review the systematic and biogeographic patterns of reproductive biology within Octocorallia from 182 spe- cies across 25 families and 79 genera. As in scleractinians, sexuality in octocorals appears to be highly conserved. However, gonochorism (89%) in octocorals predominates, and hermaphro- ditism is relatively rare, in stark contrast to scleractinians. Mode of reproduction is relatively plas- tic and evenly split between broadcast spawning (49%) and the 2 forms of brooding (internal 40% and external 11%). External surface brooding which appears to be absent in scleractinians may represent an intermediate strategy to broadcast spawning and internal brooding and may be enabled by chemical defenses. Octocorals tend to have large oocytes, but size bears no statistically significant relationship to sexuality, mode of reproduction, or polyp fecundity. Oocyte size is sig- nificantly associated with subclade suggesting evolutionary conservatism, and zooxanthellate species have significantly larger oocytes than azooxanthellate species.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Coral Reef of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
    Geetha et al eISSN 2278-1145 International Journal of Integrative sciences, Innovation and Technology (A Peer Review E-3 Journal of Science Innovation Technology) Section A – Basic Sciences; Section B –Applied and Technological Sciences; Section C – Allied Sciences Available online at www.ijiit.net. Research Article NEW SPECIES OF SOFT CORALS (OCTOCORALLIA: ALCYONACEA) ON THE CORAL REEF OF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS J.S. YOGESH KUMAR, C. RAGHUNATHAN, S. GEETHA* & K.VENKATARAMAN1 Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, National Coral Reef Research Institute, Port Blair- 744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. *Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi – 628002, India. 1Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata – 700053, India. ABSTRACT Newly recorded two species viz. Clavularia viridis and Briareum hamrum under the order Alcyoniidae, families Briareidae and Clavulariidae from Ritchie’s Archipelago, South Andaman Islands are described and illustrated. The form of the sclerites is mostly as smooth to warty rods, long narrow spindles, 6-8 radiates and flattened rods (below 0.3mm in length). Photomicrographs of the sclerites illustrate their form, size and relative abundance. KEYWORDS: Gorgoniidae, Rumphella, Octocorallia, Andaman and Nicobar Islands INTRODUCTION Andaman and Nicobar Islands belonging to the The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in family Alcyoniidae. Later on Venkataraman et al. the south eastern part of the Bay of Bengal between (2004) reported 221 species of octocorals latitudes 60 45’ and 130 41’N and longitudes 920 12’ belonging to 3 order and 27 families from these and 930 57’E. The archipelago is one of the few key Islands. However, the recent survey conducted biodiversity regions in the world surrounded by during 2009 – 2011 in Andaman and Nicobar fringing coral reefs characteristic of the Southeast Islands revealed out 51 species of gorgonians Asian region and is the most diverse among Indian belonging to 25 genera, 8 families, and 3 sub – subcontinent reef areas (Pillai, 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Three Alcyonacean Families (Octocorallia) from Guam
    Micronesica30(2):207 - 244, 1997 A reviewof three alcyonaceanfamilies (Octocorallia)from Guam Y.BENAYAHU Department of Zoology. The GeorgeS . WiseFac11/ty of Life Sciences, TelAviv University, Ramal Avlv, TelAviv 69978, Israel Email: [email protected]/ Abstract-The soft corals of the families Alcyoniidae, Asterospiculari­ idae and Briareidae are listed for Guam. Collections were carried out on several reef sites by SCUBA diving, involving careful examination of a variety of habitats in shallow waters as well as down to 32 m. The collec­ tion yielded 35 species, including one new species: Sinularia paulae, and an additional 21 new zoogeographical records for the region, already known from other Inda-Pacific regions. Three species: S. discrepans Tixier-Durivault, 1970, S. humesi Verseveldt, 1968, and Asterospicu/aria randa/li Gawel, 1976, are described and discussed in detail. Some taxo­ nomic cmnments on intraspecific variability of S. gaweli Verseveldt, 1978 and S. peculiaris Tixier-Durivault, 1970 are also given. Notes on the distribution and abundance on the reefs are presented for the identi­ fied soft coral. Remarks on the underwater features of the most common species have been recorded in an attempt to facilitate their recognition. The vast majority of the species obtained in the survey (33 out of the 35) are of the family Alcyoniidae. Some Lobophytum, Sarcophyton and Sin­ ularia species, along with Asterospicu/aria randal/i , dominate large reef areas as patches composed of numerous colonies. In recent decades Guam's reefs have been severely affected by both natural and anthro­ pogenic disturbances that have devastated the scleractinian corals. Suc­ cessful space monopolization by soft corals may demonstrate their capa­ bility to withstand the disturbances, and even to replace the scleractinians in places where these are unable to survive.
    [Show full text]