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ECOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE Vireo Caribaeus: ESTACIONALIDAD, REQUERIMIENTOS DE HÁBITAT, SEGUIMIENTO DE NIDOS Y ÉXITO REPRODUCTIVO

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ECOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE Vireo Caribaeus: ESTACIONALIDAD, REQUERIMIENTOS DE HÁBITAT, SEGUIMIENTO DE NIDOS Y ÉXITO REPRODUCTIVO ECOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE Vireo caribaeus: ESTACIONALIDAD, REQUERIMIENTOS DE HÁBITAT, SEGUIMIENTO DE NIDOS Y ÉXITO REPRODUCTIVO CAMILA GÓMEZ MONTES TRABAJO DE GRADO PRESENTADO COMO REQUISITO PARA OPTAR AL TITULO DE BIÓLOGO Comité de tesis: PABLO STEVENSON MARÍA ISABEL MORENO ORLANDO MARTÍNEZ WILCHES UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA BOGOTÁ JULIO 2004 CONTENIDO Página AGRADECIMIENTOS..........................................................................................................................................0 RESUMEN...........................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCCIÓN.................................................................................................................................................2 OBJETIVOS........................................................................................................................................................5 METODOLOGÍA..................................................................................................................................................6 Área de estudio: ...............................................................................................................................................6 Especie de Estudio (Vireo caribaeus): ..............................................................................................................9 Protocolos de campo:.......................................................................................................................................9 1. Exploraciones. ...................................................................................................................................9 2. Repertorio vocal de Vireo caribaeus.................................................................................................15 3. Anillamiento: ....................................................................................................................................18 4. Seguimiento del ciclo reproductivo: ..................................................................................................19 5. Variables bióticas y abióticas asociadas a la reproducción: ..............................................................21 6. Caracterización de la vegetación y los hábitats:................................................................................22 7. Contacto con la comunidad: .............................................................................................................24 RESULTADOS..................................................................................................................................................26 Antes de la Reproducción:..............................................................................................................................26 Época reproductiva: .......................................................................................................................................28 Otras especies en reproducción: ....................................................................................................................35 Vegetación: ....................................................................................................................................................35 Variables bióticas y abióticas:.........................................................................................................................40 Educación ambiental: .....................................................................................................................................45 DISCUSIÓN.......................................................................................................................................................46 Éxito reproductivo:..........................................................................................................................................46 Estacionalidad reproductiva:...........................................................................................................................47 Vegetación y requerimientos de hábitat: .........................................................................................................49 Conservación: ................................................................................................................................................51 Recomendaciones a futuro:............................................................................................................................52 BIBLIOGRAFÍA.................................................................................................................................................53 APÉNDICES......................................................................................................................................................56 i ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Página Tabla 1: Comparación entre algunas especies de Vireo en cuanto a altura y material del nido, períodos de construcción, incubación y de pichones. Las unidades de los períodos de anidación son días.......................4 Tabla 2: Medidas de vegetación tomadas en los círculos de 5m de radio alrededor de los nidos. Cada círculo fue dividido en cuatro partes iguales (cuadrantes) y cada variable fue medida en cada una de las partes. ........23 Tabla 3: Tabla con colores de anillo puestos en cada una de las seis parcelas de observación monitoreadas durante el primer semestre del 2004 en la Isla de San Andrés Colombia. Cada fila representa un individuo de V.caribaeus anillado en la pata izquierda. El color de la derecha es el anillo de arriba y el de la izquierda el de abajo. Solo un individuo murió durante el estudio en Smith Channel y por eso se repitió su color de anillo. Los cuadros grises representan los anillos blancos. ....................................................................................26 Tabla 4: Duración promedio en días, de cada uno de los períodos de anidación (Construcción, Puesta e incubación, y Pichones), para los 14 nidos a los que se les calculó el éxito de Mayfield. ............................32 Tabla 5: Promedio diario de supervivencia calculado según el índice de Mayfield (1961) dependiendo de la etapa de anidación para cada uno de los nidos encontrados en cuatro lugares de observación (PS = Probabilidad de que un nido sobreviva un período dado de la anidación). .......................................................................32 Tabla 6: Otras especies de aves a las que se les encontró alguna evidencia de reproducción durante la época de estudio........................................................................................................................................................35 Tabla 7: Resumen de puntajes de correlación que influyeron en el nombramiento de los factores para su posterior interpretación siguiendo el método de Hair et al. (1998)................................................................38 Tabla 8: Densidad de insectos por metros cuadrado y número de ataques de V.caribaeus en cinco minutos, para cada una de las parcelas de observación durante la época de estudio. .......................................................41 Tabla 9: Estadísticas del análisis de regresión para predecir la densidad de insectos a partir de datos promedio de precipitación en cada una de las parcelas de observación San Andrés Colombia. ..................................42 ii INDICE DE FIGURAS Página Figura 1: Mapa de cobertura vegetal de la Isla de San Andrés, tomado del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial San Andrés Isla 2003 – 2020, Documento técnico de soporte, Gobernación Departamento Archipiélago de San Andrés Providencia y Santa Catalina, 2003...................................................................................................7 Figura 2: Gráfica del promedio de precipitación media mensual de los años 1959 – 1697, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2002 y los tres primeros meses del 2004, en san Andrés Isla Colombia. Las barras indican el error estándar para cada valor.....................................................................................................................................................8 Figura 3: Temperatura media mensual en San Andrés Isla. Promedio de datos de 1961 - 1990). Las barras indican los valores máximos y mínimos de temperatura mensual. .................................................................8 Figura 4: Ubicación geográfica de las parcelas de observación en san Andrés Isla. Mapa tomado del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial San Andrés Isla 2003 – 2020, Documento técnico de soporte, Gobernación Departamento Archipiélago de San Andrés Providencia y Santa Catalina, 2003..........................................13 Figura 5: Reclamos simples V caribaeus. La escala de tiempo es segundos y la de frecuencia en kHz. Tipo 1: (a) cuatro silabas repetidas cada tres segundos. La frecuencia empieza un poco más alta de lo que termina “chui chui chui”. (b) Los mismos cuatro llamados pero con frecuencia invertida, empiezan arriba y terminan abajo “chiu chiu chiu”. Tipo 2: (c) Sílaba nasal continua. Nótese el aumento de frecuencia y la repetición constante en el tiempo. Las notas que se ven en la gráfica entre el segundo y tercer llamado, son de otra ave que quedó en la grabación “chiuiii, chiuiii”. Tipo 3: (d) Reclamo de silbido. Empieza abajo, se vuelve más agudo y vuelve a bajar “uiiiiu uiiiiu”. Tipo 4: Reclamos de
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