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Widely Distributed Breeding Populations of Canada Warbler (Cardellina Canadensis) Converge on Migration Through Central America A
Roberto-Charron et al. BMC Zoology (2020) 5:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-020-00056-4 BMC Zoology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Widely distributed breeding populations of Canada warbler (Cardellina canadensis) converge on migration through Central America A. Roberto-Charron1* , J. Kennedy2, L. Reitsma3, J. A. Tremblay4,5, R. Krikun6, K. A. Hobson7, J. Ibarzabal5 and K. C. Fraser1 Abstract Background: To effectively conserve migratory species, the entire range encompassed by their annual life cycle needs to be considered. Most research on Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds has focused on the breeding grounds resulting in a general lack of knowledge regarding the wintering and migratory periods. The Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) has declined by 71% from 1970 to 2012, at a rate of 2.9% per year, and is listed as Threatened in Canada. As with most Nearctic-Neotropical migrants, conservation efforts outside the breeding range are limited by a poor understanding of migration routes and the connectivity between specific breeding and wintering populations. Results: To determine migratory routes of multiple breeding populations of Canada Warblers, we directly-tracked individuals using light-level geolocators deployed at four sites across the breeding range, spanning approximately 43 degrees in longitude (Alberta, Manitoba and Québec, Canada, and New Hampshire, USA). Twenty-five geolocators with usable data were recovered from three sites and were analyzed using FlightR to determine fall migration routes (n = 18) and individual wintering sites (n = 25). Individuals from all breeding populations took a western fall migration route at the Gulf of Mexico; with 77.8% of birds funnelling into a narrow geographic space along the western side of the Gulf of Mexico (97°W-99°W). -
Cockfighting
Vol XL No 2 Summer 2017 Journal of Beauty Without Cruelty - India An International Educational Charitable Trust for Animal Rights In this Issue: Milk Meat Leather nexus Xenotransplantation Animal Sacrifice Plumage Cockfighting Beauty Without Cruelty - India 4 Prince of Wales Drive, Wanowrie, Pune 411 040 Tel: +91 20 2686 1166 Fax: +91 20 2686 1420 From E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.bwcindia.org my Desk… Why? Contents Beauty Without Cruelty can not understand why people From my Desk… _______________________ this page want jallikattu, bailgadichi AP Cockfighting Ban Round-up _________________ 2 sharyat and kambala to be Fact, not Fancy Plumage _______________________ 6 held. These “sports” inflict At the Ekvira Devi Jatra 2017 __________________ 10 great cruelty upon bulls and buffaloes. Humans get severely Readers Write _______________________________ 11 injured also, and many die. Yet, FYI Xenotransplantation ______________________ 12 politicians are finding ways to Vegan Recipe Jackfruit __________ inside back cover circumspect the law and allow these events to occur. Surely we do not need to replicate cruelty to animals from our ancient customs, more so after having given them up. Our struggle to stop animals being exploited for entertainment has re-started. Saved from Slaughter laughter house rules have Salways – yes, always – existed, but have never been implemented in toto. Butchers and governments are to blame. Beauty Without Cruelty Published and edited by Every year lakhs of animals Diana Ratnagar is a way of life which causes Chairperson, BWC - India would not have been killed no creature of land, sea or air Designed by Dinesh Dabholkar if unlicensed units had been terror, torture or death Printed at Mudra closed. -
A Review of the Behavior and Ecology of the Northern Parula (Parula Americana) with Notes from Oklahoma and Texas
33 A Review of the Behavior and Ecology of the Northern Parula (Parula americana) With Notes From Oklahoma and Texas Michael D. Bay Department of Biology, East Central University, Ada, Oklahoma 74820 INTRODUCTION The Northern Parula (Parula americana) is one of several migratory wood warbler species (Family Parulidae) that breeds throughout eastern United States and Canada (1), including the eastern 1/2 of Oklahoma and Texas (2-4). In Oklahoma, the Northern Parula appears around March 25 and may remain until late September or early October (5). During the breeding season in west Texas, several individuals (including singing males) had been seen in the Big Bend Park area (Brewster County); however, there was no evidence of nesting (6). Western-most records for Oklahoma include Comanche County (7) and Cimarron County in the Panhandle (3). Wintering areas include central Mexico south to Guatemala and Belize and the islands of the Greater and Lesser Antilles (8, 9). Some southern states, e.g., Texas (2); Lousiana (10) also have supported wintering Northern Parula including a rare occurrence in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (4). In this paper, I report the latest findings on the Northern Parula with emphasis on its ecology and behavior, especially studies in Oklahoma and Texas. BEHAVIOR The foraging strategy of the Northern Parula is often compared to that of chickadees and titmice (Family Paridae) because it is able to dart in and out of the tips of vegetation (11). This type of foraging movement, with >50% of movements on small limbs, is due to small body size, which enables the Northern Parula to use a foraging niche more effectivly than many other warblers, e.g., some Dendroica species (12). -
Martinez Leyva Et Al P 62-70
Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Tropics 62–70 DYNAMICS OF PASSERINE MIGRATION IN VERACRUZ, MÉXICO EDUARDO MARTÍNEZ LEYVA,1,4 ERNESTO RUELAS INZUNZA,2 OCTAVIO CRUZ CARRETERO,3 JAMES L. BARR,1 ELISA PERESBARBOSA ROJAS,1 IRVING CHÁVEZ DOMÍNGUEZ,1 GUSTAVO RAMÓN LARA,1 RAFAEL RODRÍGUEZ MESA,1 ALEXALDO GARCÍA MIRANDA,1 AND NORMA FERRIZ DOMÍNGUEZ1 1Pronatura Veracruz, Apartado Postal 399, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91000; 2Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA; and 3Envirological Services, Inc., 22 Geer Road, Sandia Park, New Mexico 87047, USA Abstract. The state of Veracruz, along the gulf coast of México, is an important fl yway for Neotropical migrants. Many passerines and other land birds use remnants of native vegetation as stopover sites for shelter and refueling during their migration. We operate a long-term banding station in a coastal forest near the fi shing village of Playa Salinas, in the municipality of Alvarado, with the purpose of studying patterns of spring migration. After nine seasons of mist-netting and banding, we recorded 77 species of birds using this site as regular northward transients and have banded nearly 1000 individuals per season. The majority of the records (41.9% of the total), are from six species: Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus), Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia), Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), and Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). We provide some notes on the timing of their migration and annual capture rates. Multiple-year recaptures of banded individuals are low (37 individuals of 10 species, from a total of 8479 individuals banded in the period 1999-2007). -
American Redstarts
San Antonio Audubon Society May/June 2021 Newsletter American Redstarts By Mike Scully At the time of this writing (early April), the glorious annual spring migration of songbirds through our area is picking up. Every spring I keep a special eye out for one of my favorite migrants, the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). These beautiful warblers flutter actively through the foliage, tail spread, wings drooped, older males clad in black and orange, females and second year males in shades of gray, olive green and yellow. For years, the American Redstart was the only species remaining in the genus Setophaga, until a comprehensive genetic analysis of the Family Parulidae resulted in this genus being grouped with more than 32 species formerly placed in the genus Dendroica and Wilsonia. The name Setophaga was applied to the whole by virtue of seniority. Though now grouped in a large genus, the American Redstart remains an outlier, possessing proportionately large wings, a long tail, and prominent rictal bristles at the base of the relatively wide flat beak, all adaptations to a flycatching mode of foraging. Relatively heavy thigh musculature and long central front toes are apparently adaptations to springing into the air after flying insects. The foraging strategy of redstarts differs from that of typical flycatchers. Redstarts employ a more warbler-like maneuver, actively moving through the foliage, making typically short sallies after flying insect prey, and opportunistically gleaning insects from twigs and leaves while hovering or perched. The wings are frequently drooped and the colorful tail spread wide in order to flush insect prey. -
Phylogeography of Finches and Sparrows
In: Animal Genetics ISBN: 978-1-60741-844-3 Editor: Leopold J. Rechi © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FINCHES AND SPARROWS Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Pablo Gomez-Prieto and Valentin Ruiz-del-Valle Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Fringillidae finches form a subfamily of songbirds (Passeriformes), which are presently distributed around the world. This subfamily includes canaries, goldfinches, greenfinches, rosefinches, and grosbeaks, among others. Molecular phylogenies obtained with mitochondrial DNA sequences show that these groups of finches are put together, but with some polytomies that have apparently evolved or radiated in parallel. The time of appearance on Earth of all studied groups is suggested to start after Middle Miocene Epoch, around 10 million years ago. Greenfinches (genus Carduelis) may have originated at Eurasian desert margins coming from Rhodopechys obsoleta (dessert finch) or an extinct pale plumage ancestor; it later acquired green plumage suitable for the greenfinch ecological niche, i.e.: woods. Multicolored Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has a genetic extant ancestor, the green-feathered Carduelis citrinella (citril finch); this was thought to be a canary on phonotypical bases, but it is now included within goldfinches by our molecular genetics phylograms. Speciation events between citril finch and Eurasian goldfinch are related with the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis (5 million years ago). Linurgus olivaceus (oriole finch) is presently thriving in Equatorial Africa and was included in a separate genus (Linurgus) by itself on phenotypical bases. Our phylograms demonstrate that it is and old canary. Proposed genus Acanthis does not exist. Twite and linnet form a separate radiation from redpolls. -
A Description of Mixed-Species Insectivorous Bird Flocks in Western Mexico’
The Condor 89~282-292 0 The Cooper Omithologml Society 1987 A DESCRIPTION OF MIXED-SPECIES INSECTIVOROUS BIRD FLOCKS IN WESTERN MEXICO’ RICHARD L. HUTTO Department of Zoology, Universityof Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 Abstract. Insectivorousbird flockswere observed in all typesof forestedhabitats during the nonbreedingseason in westernMexico. The speciescomposition of flockschanged markedlyand predictablyamong five categoriesof habitat type. The averagenumber of speciesper flockin lowlandhabitats was 4.7, while a mean of 18.6 speciesparticipated in highlandflocks, ranking the latter amongthe most species-richflocks in the world. The meanproportion of the localinsectivorous species that participatedin mixed-speciesflocks wassignificantly greater in the highlands(6 1.3%)than in the lowlands(24.6%). About half of the flock participantsin both undisturbedlowland and highlandhabitats were north temperatemigrants, ranking west Mexican flocks among the mostmigrant-rich in the world as well. In highlandflocks, the maximum numberof individualsper attendantspecies was generallytwo to three,but therewere often six to twelveindividuals belonging to eachof severalnuclear species. The lowlanddeciduous forest flocks seemed to lack nuclearspecies. Key words: Mixed-speciesflocks; insectivorousbirds; Mexico; migratory birds;pine-oak woodlands;tropical deciduous forests. INTRODUCTION mixed-speciesflocks in 26 sites(Appendix I) that Mixed-speciesinsectivorous bird flockshave been were distributed among various habitats described from temperate and tropical areas throughout western Mexico. The habitat types worldwide (Rand 1954), and are known to occur that I surveyed can be roughly classified (after in practically every habitat type (Powell 1985). Pesman 1962) as belonging to either lowland Although mixed-species flocks are quite com- (tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen) or mon in north temperate regions during the non- highland (oak, pine-oak, and boreal) forests. -
Bird Species of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
CORAL CAP SPECIES OF FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Classification Common name Scientific Name Birds Boobies Masked Booby Sula dactylatra Brown Booby Sula leucogaster Cardinals/Grossbeaks Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea Cuckoos Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Doves White-Winged Dove Zenaida asiatica Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura Falcons Merlin Falco columbarius Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Osprey Pandion haliaetus Flycatchers Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe Frigate Birds Magnificent Frigate bird Fregata magnificens Gallinules Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica Gulls Laughing Gull Larus atricillia Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus Royal Tern Sterna maxima Herons Great Egret Ardea alba Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Green Heron Butorides striatus Hummingbirds Hummingbird sp. Mockingbirds/Thrashers Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Nightjars Common Nighthawk Chordeiles Minor Orioles Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius Pelicans Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis CORAL CAP SPECIES OF FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Classification Common name Scientific Name Petrels Wilson's Storm Petrel Oceanites oceanicus Sparrows Sparrow sp. Swallows Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota Bank Swallow Riparia riparia Swifts Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Tanagers Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Teals Blue-winged -
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brandan L. Gray August 2019 © 2019 Brandan L. Gray. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers by BRANDAN L. GRAY has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Donald B. Miles Professor of Biological Sciences Florenz Plassmann Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT GRAY, BRANDAN L., Ph.D., August 2019, Biological Sciences Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers Director of Dissertation: Donald B. Miles In a rapidly changing world, species are faced with habitat alteration, changing climate and weather patterns, changing community interactions, novel resources, novel dangers, and a host of other natural and anthropogenic challenges. Conservationists endeavor to understand how changing ecology will impact local populations and local communities so efforts and funds can be allocated to those taxa/ecosystems exhibiting the greatest need. Ecological morphological and functional morphological research form the foundation of our understanding of selection-driven morphological evolution. Studies which identify and describe ecomorphological or functional morphological relationships will improve our fundamental understanding of how taxa respond to ecological selective pressures and will improve our ability to identify and conserve those aspects of nature unable to cope with rapid change. The New World wood warblers (family Parulidae) exhibit extensive taxonomic, behavioral, ecological, and morphological variation. -
Buckingham Trails Preserve Wildlife Species List
Wildlife Species List for Buckingham Trails Preserve Designated Status Scientific Name Common Name FWC FWS FNAI MAMMALS Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos) Dasypus novemcinctus nine-banded armadillo * Family: Leporidae (rabbits and hares) Sylvilagus floridanus eastern cottontail Family: Felidae (cats) Felis silvestris domestic cat * Family: Procyonidae (raccoons) Procyon lotor raccoon Family: Suidae (old world swine) Sus scrofa feral hog * Family: Mephitidae (skunks) Spilogale putorius eastern spotted skunk BIRDS Family: Anatidae (swans, geese and ducks) Subfamily: Anatinae Aix sponsa wood duck Anas fulvigula mottled duck Family: Odontophoridae (new world quails) Colinus virginianus northern bobwhite Family: Ciconiidae (storks) Mycteria americana wood stork E E G4/S2 Family: Anhingidae (anhingas) Anhinga anhinga anhinga Family: Ardeidae (herons, egrets, bitterns) Ardea herodius great blue heron Ardea alba great egret G5/S4 Egretta thula snowy egret SSC G5/S3 Egretta caerulea little blue heron SSC G5/S4 Egretta tricolor tricolored heron Bubulcus ibis cattle egret Butorides virescens green heron Family: Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills) Subfamily: Threshiornithinae Eudocimus albus white ibis Family: Cathartidae (new world vultures) Coragyps atratus black vulture Cathartes aura turkey vulture Family: Accipitridae (hawks, kites, accipiters, harriers, eagles) Elanoides forficatus swallow-tailed kite G5/S2 Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Everglades snail kite E E G4G5T3Q/S2 Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk G5/S3 Hailaeetus leucocephalus -
House Sparrow Passer Domesticus
House Sparrow DIAGNOSTIC MORPHOLOGY Passer domesticus Adults: • Small brown sparrow with moderate streaking on back • Dark brown on back and dull browns or gray underneath • Males have a black throat patch • Females are rather drab overall • Beak color is tan or yellowish GENERAL INFORMATION Referred to as English Sparrow, House Sparrow, English House Sparrow, and Moineau domestique, this species of Old World Sparrow, native to Immature Stage: Europe, was introduced and has flourished throughout much of the world. Currently, there are • Juvenile similar to female 12 recognized subspecies of House Sparrow. In • Nestlings with varying amount of feather development the introduced range, this species nests in natural and man-made cavities. Often found in bird houses, it excludes native species like Tree Swallow and Eastern Bluebird in North America. It is the most conspicuous urban species of handouts from patrons of bread, crackers, and sparrow and on the most common birds. House snack foods. Sparrows are known to nest in any opening or cavity, where they build a nest using leaves, grasses, fabric pieces or scraps of paper. LIFE CYCLE Adults breed in season (March - August in North SIGNS OF INFESTATION America), producing up to 4 broods in a year. Clutch size averages 4-5 eggs but can be upward to Usually the first sign of infestation with House 10. House Sparrows are monogamous but quickly Sparrows is the birds themselves. They are very find new mates, often a helper bird, if a mate vocal throughout the day and are conspicuous in expires. Egg incubation lasts for about 14 days their habits. -
Warbling Vireo (Vireo Gilvus)
Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) NMPIF level: Species Conservation Concern, Level 2 (SC2) NMPIF assessment score: 14 NM stewardship responsibility: Low National PIF status: No special status New Mexico BCRs: 16, 34, 35 Primary breeding habitat(s): Mixed Conifer Forest, Montane Riparian Other habitats used: Spruce-Fir Forest, Ponderosa Pine Forest, Middle Elevation Riparian Summary of Concern Warbling Vireo is a generally stable and widespread species, but local population trends are uncertain. In New Mexico, it is associated with highland riparian and aspen communities which may be sensitive to disturbance or changes in forest structure. It may also be sensitive to nest parasitism by cowbirds and loss of winter habitat. Associated Species Dusky Grouse (BC2), Northern Goshawk (BC2), Red-naped Sapsucker (SC2), Purple Martin, Violet-green Swallow (SC2), American Robin, Orange-crowned Warbler, Black-headed Grosbeak Distribution Warbling Vireo is very broadly distributed across almost the entire United States and western Canada, excluding the southeast and Gulf Coast regions. Breeding populations also extend south in the Sierra Madre Occidental to central Mexico. The species winters along the Pacific slope of Mexico (Gardali and Ballard 2000). In New Mexico, Warbling Vireos breed in upper elevation forests and woodlands statewide, and also occur in lowland riparian areas. Ecology and Habitat Requirements Across its large range, this species occupies many different woodland and forest vegetation types. It is generally associated with riparian areas and mature, mixed deciduous woodlands. In many locations, it is strongly associated with cottonwood-dominated riparian forests, which provide favored habitat structure of large trees with a semi-open canopy. In New Mexico, it also shows a preference for aspen and spruce-aspen communities.