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Patron 1. A Foreword from the Editors 3 Dr. K.Veeramani Chancellor 2. Message of Greetings - Dr. K.Veeramani 7 Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Kannabiran Ravishankar 3. Greetings from Prof. Dr. P. Jagadeesan Prof. Dr. Sascha Ebeling Prof. Dr. P. Kalimuthu - The University of Chicago 17 Prof. Dr. Nam. Srinivasan 4. m›it eluhr‹ Dr. Soma Ilangovan mt®fË‹ thœ¤J¢ brŒâ 18 Dr. V. Neru 5. nguh. lh¡l® kiwkiy ïy¡Ftdh® Published by mt®fË‹ thœ¤J¥ gâf« 19 Centre of Excellence for Periyar Thought 6. Greetings from Periyar Maniammai Institute of Dr. Vedagiri Shanmugasundaram 20 Science and Technology Research Papers - MŒî¡ f£LiufŸ (Deemed to be University) Vallam, Thanjavur - 613403 7. Dravidian Canvas in Sanga Tamil Tamil Nadu, India. - Prof. D r. Kannabiran Ravishankar (KRS) 23 Language 8. Quest to breaking the Caste Barriers Bi-lingual in India and across the World - Dr. Madhvi Potluri 51 Single Issue (India) Rs.200/- Annual Subscription (India) Rs.800/- 9. British and European Sankritist Scholars Single Issue (International) $15 and the Foundations of Indian Culture Annual Subscription and Society (International) $50 - Prof. Dr. P. Jagadeesan 58 Designed & Printed at : 10. jÄœehL« - jªij bgÇahU« PMIST Press - nguh. Kidt®. g.fhËK¤J 67 Vallam, Thanjavur - 613403 11. Tamil Nadu, India. âuhÉlïa¡fK«, 'fU¥ãd cÆ®fS« cÆ®fns' ïa¡fK« Tel: (91) 98401 32684 - Kidt® th.neU 85 Email : [email protected] 12. ü‰wh©L¡F Kªija irtrigÆš Visit our Website at âuhÉlK« MÇaK« dravidapozhil.pmu.edu - nguh. Kidt®. ïuh.mwntªj‹ 103 A Foreword from the Editors orldwide Dravidian Tamils and academic research in those faculties and deliver Distinguished Scholars, Greetings & the benefits of research to all. WVanakkam from Dravida Pozhil! l Fine Academic Research in the domains of “By the grove resides the spring, by Dravidian Culture, Dravidian Civilization, beauty resides the life (poḻil vati vēnil, pēr eḻil Dravidian Social Justice, Dravidian & Tamil vāḻkkai)” – so sings Sanga Tamil. The Journal of Studies. Dravidian Studies (JODS) – Dravida Pozhil also starts its beautiful journey with this issue. This l Deliver the fruits of this research to benefit is a journey of education, a journey towards the both the Dravidian Tamil general populace people, a journey joining the scholars and the and the scholars alike. people, and a journey of social justice, wherein the doors of education were made wide open l Integrate Dravidian thoughts and to all, by the Dravidian Movement. philosophies with the auspices of Global Scholars, maintaining high Educational The Tamil word ‘Pozhil or poḻil’ not only Standards and Global Academic Standards. means a grove, garden or oasis. It means where the water fluxes continuously and self-sustains l Showcase the research capabilities of in a grove of flora & fauna. Similarly, in this the Dravidian Intelligentsia globally, and Dravidian Oasis – Dravida Pozhil, the concepts maintain a Dravidian database of research of Dravidian culture will flux and self-sustain with papers and thesis. continuous improvement. In view of the above goals, we will collaborate Rationality, Culture, Civilization, Art, with global scholars and also provide opportunities History, Language and Humanities are the facets for other scholars, budding women scholars and of the humankind. This Research Journal aims blossoming scholars from the underprivileged to dwell on those domains and enable a deep communities. This Journal on Dravidian Studies 3 is quarterly, Bi-lingual, deemed-university Papers on the above subjects were duly based and will alsopartner with global indexes. reviewed by domain experts. Please read and spread the word. If you have any questions, This first issue contains 6 splendid research please do not hesitate to reach out to the Editors papers. In addition to papers from Tamil Nadu, or the Authors themselves directly. we also have papers from Canada and Europe. “Every town is my town, Every human is my Academic Excellence in Dravidian Studies kin” is a great humanist thought, offered to the is the need of the hour and we thank Aasiriyar whole world by Tamilnadu. If anywhere, there Dr. K.Veeramani for recognizing this need exists a threat to the Tamil philosophy of “All lives and spearheading this research effort. are Born Equal”, then that threat exists to Tamil At this hour, we also reminisce and pay our Nadu as well. (Injustice anywhere, is a threat to thanks and respects to Dravidian Intellectual justice everywhere). The papers include: Stalwarts like Pt. Iyothee Thass, Periyar EVR, Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, Arignar Anna, Dr. Kalaignar l Black Lives Matter agitations in America & M.Karunanidhi and thousands of other stars in the the Dravidian Movement – An Analogy Dravidian Galaxy, as we start this academic journey. l Dravidian Philosophies in the Classical Sanga See you every three months on this Dravidian Tamil Age Pathway of Academics. We wish on this great Tamizh festive day, ‘Happy Pongal’ and ‘Merry l British/European Sankritist Scholars and the Tamil New Year’ to all our readers. Foundations of Indian Culture & Society - The Board of Editors. l The Onomastics of the word ‘Tamil Nadu’ • Prof. Dr. Kannabiran Ravishankar and the role of Periyar • Prof. Dr. P. Jagadeesan l Dravidian/Aryan dichotomy in the 19th CE • Prof. Dr. P. Kalimuthu Saiva Sabhas • Prof. Dr. Nam. Srinivasan • Dr. Soma Ilangovan l Caste Eradication via knowledge propagation of DNA Testing and Genetics • Dr. V. Neru 4 MáÇa® FGÉ‹ MŒÉjœ Kfîiu ybf§F« cŸs âuhÉl¤ jÄHh®ty®fS¡F«, l ïªj MuhŒ¢áÆ‹ thÆyhf¤ âuhÉl¤ jÄœ¢ cm¿î¢ rh‹nwh®f£F« Kjš tz¡f«! r_fkhd bghJ k¡fS¡F«, m¿P®fS¡F« ga‹ÄF bghU©ik tH§fš. "bghÊš tâ ntÅš, ng® vÊš thœ¡if" v‹W r§f¤jÄœ eÉY« mHFÄF thœ¡if nghynt, l cyf msÉyhd fšÉ¥òy¤ ju¤âny (Global 'âuhÉl¥ bghÊš' MŒÉjG« j‹ gaz¤ij¤ Academic Standards), cyf¡ fšÉahs®fis¤ Jt§F»wJ. ïJ xU fšÉ¥gaz«. k¡fis âuhÉl¢ áªjid rh®ªJ xU§F âu£lš. neh¡»a fšÉ¥ gaz«. k¡fisí« m¿P®fisí« xU§»iz¡F« fšÉ¥ gaz«. fšÉ¡ fjîfis l âuhÉl ïa¡f¤â‹ MŒî¥ òyik k‰W« mid¤J k¡fS¡F« âwªJÉ£l âuhÉl m¿î¥ òyikia cyf¿a¢ brŒJ, âuhÉl¡ ïa¡f¢ rKfÚâÆ‹ fšÉ¥ gaz«. bghÊš fU¤âaY¡fhd juî¤ bjhF¥ghf És§Fjš. v‹w brhšY¡F, btW«nrhiy, ó§fh v‹W k£Lnk bghUŸ mšy; bghʪJ cŸs nrhiyna, nk‰brh‹d K‹bdL¥òfËš, cybf§F« bghÊš! Ú®bghʪJ, Ú® ïilawhJ, j‹df¤nj cŸs Jiwrh® bgUtšYe®fnshL, âuhÉl« jJ«ò« nrhiyna bghÊš. nghynt, âuhÉl« rh®ªj ïsÃiy MŒths®fisí«, ïsÃiy¥ bghʪJ, âuhÉl« ïilawhJ jJ«ò« nrhiyna, bg© MŒths®fisí«, xL¡f¥g£l r_f§fËš 'âuhÉl¥ bghÊš'. K»œ¤bjGªJŸs ïsÃiy MŒths®fisí«, 'âuhÉl¥ bghÊš' MŒÉjœ C¡FÉ¡F«. gF¤j¿î, g©ghL, ehfÇf«, fiy, tuyhW, fhyh©LnjhW«, ïUbkhÊ cŸçLfnshL, cyf bkhÊ, kÅj« ngh‹w e‹da§fËš, âuhÉl« MŒî¤ âu£ofËš ïizªJbfh©L, Ãf®Ãiy¥ rh®ªJ, MHkhd fšÉ¥òy MuhŒ¢áia, gšfiy¡fHf btËplhf¤ 'âuhÉl¥ bghÊš' midtU¡F« bfhz®tnj ïªj MŒÉjÊ‹ btËtU«. neh¡f«. ïªj Kjyh« ïjÊš, 6 ÓÇa MŒî¡ f£LiufŸ, l âuhÉl ehfÇf« / âuhÉl¥ g©ghL / âuhÉl¢ jÄœehL k£LkšyhJ, fdlh, Inuh¥ghÉÈUªJ« r_fÚâ / âuhÉlK« jÄG« rh®ªj m¿î¥òy¤ ïl« bg‰WŸsd. ahJ« Cnu ahtU« nfË® v‹gJ JiwfËš, ea‹ÄF MuhŒ¢á brŒjš. jÄœehL cyF¡nf mˤj bfhil. ãw¥bgh¡F« 5 v‹w be¿¡F, cy»š v§F m¢RW¤jš ne®ªjhY«, âuhÉl¤J¡fhd MŒÉjÊ‹ fhy¤ njitia mJ ek¡Fkhd m¢RW¤jny. (Injustice anywhere, is m¿ªJ, ïjid K‹bdL¤JŸs MáÇa® a threat to justice everywhere) ».åuk mt®fS¡F¢ r_fÚâ âfœ e‹¿. ï¢rka¤âš, tuyh‰¿ny xËU« âuhÉl m¿î¤ l mbkÇ¡f¡ fW¥ãd¢ r_fÚ⥠jifikahs®fŸ mnah¤âjhr®, jªij bgÇah®, nghuh£lK«, âuhÉl ïa¡fK« - X® x¥ÕL m©zš m«ng¤f®, m¿P® m©zh, lh¡l® l r§f¤ jÄÊš âuhÉl¡ fU¤âaš fiyP® K.fUzhÃâ cŸË£l MÆu« MÆu« l M§»nyna / Inuh¥ãa m¿P® áyÇ‹ É©Û‹fis Ãidî T®ªJ tz§», mt®f£F r«°»Uj Ãiyí«, ïªâa¢ r_fbkŒahd e‹¿ eÉ‹W, gaz« bjhl§F»nwh«. g©ghL« l jÄœehL v‹w bga® tuyh‰¿š bgÇahÇ‹ ïÅ, fhyh©LnjhW« rªâ¥ngh«. fhy¤J¡F¤ g§F njitahd âuhÉl« gHFnth«. ï¡fšÉ¥ l 19 - M« ü‰wh©L¢ irt¢ rigÆš gaz¤âš ïizªâU§fŸ; eÅ e‹¿. âuhÉl /MÇa vâ®ÃiyfŸ thrf®fS¡F¤ jÄH® âUehsh« ij¥bgh§fš / l kugQ m¿Éaš m¿jÈ‹ _ykhf¢ #hâ jÄœ¥ ò¤jh©L thœ¤J¡fŸ! xÊ¥ò - MáÇa®FG ïit Jiw m¿P®fshš ÓuhŒî l nguh. Kidt® f©zãuh‹ ïuÉr§f® brŒa¥g£l MŒî¡ f£LiufË‹ l nguh, Kidt® bg.b#fÔr‹ bghU©ik. thá¤J¥ gaDWf. nkyâf l nguh. Kidt® g.fhËK¤J Édh¡fŸ ïU¥ã‹, ïjHháÇaiunah l nguh. Kidt® e«. ÓÅthr‹ mšyJf£Liuahs®fisnahneuoahf¤ l kU. nrhk. ïs§nfht‹ bjhl®òbfhŸsyh«. l Kidt®. th. neU 6 MESSAGE OF GREETINGS We are immensely glad on the advent of “The world relishes the intellect of the truly Dravida Pozhil (The Journal of Dravidian wise, like when water fills the lake for the Studies) as it blooms into a quarterly research village supplies”, Dravida Pozhil is proud to journal, published by the Center of Excellence for have on its Board of Editors, Scholars from both Periyar Thought - Periyar Maniammai Institute International and Indian Academia, and reputed of Science and Technology (Deemed to be social enthusiasts. University). World’s richest civilizations and cultures Academic Research is the key component that are explored by archaeology and the resulting distinguishes a University from regular colleges. knowledge is shared with the populace. Similarly, the explorations of Dravida Pozhil will A University is a great laboratory for academic benefit the student and teaching communities research.
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    MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY SYLLABUS - 2007-09 ST. JOSEPH’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (Nationally Reaccredited with A+ Grade / College with Potential for Excellence) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620 002 TAMIL NADU, INDIA 2 ST. JOSEPH’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), TIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620 002 DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (M. PHIL.) FULL TIME - AUTONOMOUS REGULATIONS GUIDELINES 1. ELIGIBILITY A Candidate who has qualified for the Master’s Degree in any Faculty of this University or of any other University recognized by the University as equivalent there to (including old Regulations of any University) subject to such conditions as may be prescribed therefore shall be eligible to register for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) and undergo the prescribed course of study in a Department concerned. A candidate who has qualified for Master’s degree (through regular study / Distance Education mode / Open University System) with not less than 55% of marks in the concerned subject in any faculty of this university or any other university recognized by Bharathidasan University, shall be eligible to register for M.Phil. SC / ST candidates are exempted by 5% from the prescribed minimum marks. 2. DURATION The duration of the M.Phil. course shall be of one year consisting of two semesters for the full-time programme. 3. COURSE OF STUDY The course of study shall consist of Part - I : 3 Written Papers Part - II : 1 Written Paper and Dissertation. The three papers under Part I shall be : Paper I : Research Methodology Paper II : Advanced / General Paper in the Subject Paper III : Advanced Paper in the subject Paper I to III shall be common to all candidates in a course.
  • Womanhood and Spirituality: a Journey Between Transcendence and Tradition

    Womanhood and Spirituality: a Journey Between Transcendence and Tradition

    Womanhood and Spirituality: A Journey between Transcendence and Tradition USHA S. NAYAR This article focuses on how women in the past and women in contemporary India have chosen the path of spirituality, and how Indian culture has positioned women vis-a-vis spirituality. It explores female spirituality in a patriarchal para­ digm through women like Sita, Meera, Savitri and Kannagi, who faced humilia­ tion and hostility, but who tread the path of single-minded devotion to their principles and thus combined the feminine principle of grace with tenacity, stead­ fastness of purpose, vision and character. These prototypes inspire and guide the women in India even today and the article illustrates this through contemporary profiles in courage. The article stresses on the fact that in the Hindu pantheon of gods and goddesses, every god has a goddess, and as the form of Ardhanaareeshwara, the fusion of Shiva and Shakti in one body, denotes, male and female principles work together as equal partners in the universe. Other in­ stances reiterate that in ancient India, women occupied a very important position. While analysing the spirituality of women as a cultural expression, the study un­ derlines the fact that the Hindu version of the Mother image has manifested itself in the vision of Bharat Mata and underlines the fact that spirituality mediates rela­ tionships. It heals, provides succour to the emotionally needy, physically abused, and rebuilds fundamental trust in oneself. The modern approach to spirituality, according to this study, defines it as a means of reaching equilibrium or harmony through gender equality. Prof. Usha S.
  • Ambedkar and Political Reservation

    Ambedkar and Political Reservation

    Source : www.indianexpress.com Date : 2020-08-17 AMBEDKAR AND POLITICAL RESERVATION Relevant for: Developmental Issues | Topic: Rights & Welfare of STs, SCs, and OBCs - Schemes & their Performance, Mechanisms, Laws Institutions and Bodies In an interview to this paper, Prakash Ambedkar, grandson of B R Ambedkar, (IE, July 27) said, “Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar had envisaged reservation for SC/STs in Lok Sabha and state Assembly constituencies for just 10 years.” This is an erroneous interpretation and shows lack of understanding of Ambedkar’s ideology and his idea of political representation initiated 100 years ago, in 1919. In the run up for political representation of the oppressed millions of untouchables in India, Ambedkar’s efforts, along with those of the nominated untouchable members of the legislative councils in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta Presidencies, bore fruit in the 1920s. The colonial state was forced to nominate two members from among untouchables to the Round Table Conference in 1930 to state their position in the constitutional process which eventually led to the framing of the Government of India Act, 1935. Ambedkar and his colleague from Madras, Rettamalai Srinivasan, were able to convince the first Round Table deliberations in 1930 to accept elected representation through reserved seats and separate electorate method. When Mahatma Gandhi attended the second Round Table Conference in 1931, he initially opposed any representation by electoral process for the untouchables and later opposed the method of election, separate electorate (which was available to Muslims and other minorities). Gandhi’s opposition to the idea of separate electorate was that untouchables are an intrinsic part of the Hindu society.