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The Queen's House Rediscovered

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The Queen's House Rediscovered the queen's house rediscovered Press contacts Hélène Dalifard, Aurélie Gevrey, Violaine Solari +33 (0)1 30 83 75 21 [email protected] presse.chateauversailles.fr find us on chateauversailles.fr © Château de Versailles / Thomas Garnier "Pleasant groves, with English- style parterres, surround a small isolated house, devoted through Kindness to Kindness and to the calm of one's chosen company. I continue further, I glimpse gentle hills, cultivated fields, meadows, herds of animals, thatched cottages." Nicolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766- 1826), Russian writer and historian (Travels in France. 1789-1790) 4 the hamlet, from Marie-Antoinette to marie-louise p.9 CONTENTS The fashion in gardens p.10 A project for a queen p.11 An estate that has stood the test of time p.15 urgent restoration p.19 Record of the different restorations p.20 State of the buildings in 2015 p.22 Rationale behind the present restoration p.24 Contributors to the restoration work p.25 Major phases of the operation p.26 the refurnishing p.39 Major phases of the refurnishing p.40 The items on display p.42 The work of the restorers and craftsmen p.50 exceptional patronage p.53 Dior and LVMH, patrons of the Palace of Versailles and its Estate p.54 discover the Queen's House and the Hamlet p.57 The other houses in the Hamlet p.58 Digital devices p.60 Practical information p.61 around the Queen's House p.63 Photography exhibition p.64 Spectacle in the Gardens focusing on Marie-Antoinette p.66 A documentary p.67 Publications p.68 Objects inspired by the world of Marie-Antoinette p.69 © Château de Versailles / Thomas Garnier Garnier / Thomas de Versailles © Château 5 opening of the Queen's House after restoration and refurnishing Versailles, 4 May 2018 Press release The Queen's House will be reopening its doors to the public on 12 May 2018, thanks to patronage from Dior. Located in the heart of the hamlet built by Richard Mique for Marie-Antoinette, between 1783 and 1787, the House was in need of full restoration work. Alongside this, it has been refurnished according to its oldest known historic condition, which is as it was designed for Empress Marie-Louise, the second wife of Napoleon I. For the first time in two centuries, visitors will be able to discover the extreme refinement in the interior decor of the House, and its contrast with the picturesque bucolic appearance of the exterior. Essential restoration according to the An exceptional refurnishing project original design The restoration of the interior decor and refurnishing of The restoration of the Queen's House and the Warming the main rooms in the Queen’s House and the adjoining Room, located nearby, had become all the more necessary Games House were a major part of this operation. Two since their state of dilapidation prevented them from hundred years after the fall of the Empire, these places being open to the public. The project, launched in 2015, have rediscovered their refinement designed for Marie- involved cleaning and full restoration of the stonework, Louise and the deliberate contrast desired by the French framework and roofing. The structures have been sovereigns between rustic "shabby" exteriors and interiors strengthened to allow guided tours while the flooring, of spectacular luxury. woodwork and paintwork have been restored according to descriptions in the 18th-century work logbooks or n line Masons, joiners, carpenters, thatchers, electricians, with the arrangements made in the early 19th century for heating engineers, painters, gardeners... All types of Empress Marie-Louise, great-niece of Marie-Antoinette. tradespeople have taken part in this operation led by Jacques Moulin, Head Architect for Historic Monuments. The restoration of the Warming Room - an outbuilding From cabinetmakers to silk suppliers, trimmings containing a kitchen and service areas (pantry, silverware, suppliers, upholsterers, ancient textile restorers, leather sideboard, vegetable garden and bread oven) that was workers, bronze workers, sculptors and gilders, multiple used to prepare meals served in the dining room of the artistic craftspeople have contributed to the success of neighbouring Queen's House - recalls the functioning of the project, managed by Jérémie Benoît, Head Curator the Hamlet and life here during the Ancien Régime. at the Palace of Versailles in charge of the Palaces of Trianon. Once again, the high-level expertise of French The replanting of the gardens and surrounding area craftspeople has been brought to the fore. of these buildings puts the finishing touches to the operation. It restores the Hamlet’s landscape design, as A new museum had been previously done in the 1930s, combining its condition when it was replanted for Marie-Louise in 1810 Over the past few years the improvement of the Estate of with a few references to the layout for Marie-Antoinette Trianon has been a priority for the Palace of Versailles. such as the spiral staircase and vegetable gardens. The full restoration and refurnishing of these spaces, begun in 2008 with the Petit Trianon and continued in 2016 with the presidential apartments in the Grand Trianon and then the Queen's House in 2018, showcases these unique locations that evoke the intimacy of the © Château de Versailles / Thomas Garnier Garnier / Thomas de Versailles © Château monarchs. The Palace of Versailles is constantly opening new doors to its visitors. Press contacts Thanks to the patronage of Hélène Dalifard, Aurélie Gevrey, Violaine Solari +33 (0)1 30 83 75 21 / [email protected] presse.chateauversailles.fr 7 8 © Biblioteca Estense Modena Estense © Biblioteca ICIthe Hamlet, partMON I from TITre deMarie-Antoinette partie to Marie-louise 9 the fashion in part I gardens In France, the fashion for irregular or "English-style" landscaped gardens, as opposed to the regular "French- style" formal gardens, developed from the 1770s. They were laid out on hilly ground, crossed by winding streams and dotted with "follies", pleasure pavilions in various styles, according to the taste of the time, sometimes a reference to history, preferably ancient history, or to some distant or exotic land. Walkways were created to give views over the surrounding landscape. The spirit and the aesthetics of these creations borrowed a great deal both from the writings of Jean- Jacques Rousseau – especially the myth of the "Noble Savage" as described in the Discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (1755) or his vision of idealised nature in Julie or the New Heloise (1760) – and from the physiocratic concerns of Dr. François Quesnay, a theoretical economist who wrote about the reorganisation of agriculture. The success of garden follies In 1783, when Marie-Antoinette began building her Hamlet, this was not a new idea. As early as 1774, the Prince of Condé had his landscape architect Jean- François Leroy build a whimsical village in Chantilly Album of the Count du Nord: plan, elevation and cross-section of the salon and the Park, also called "the Hamlet". It included several rustic dining room of the Hamlet. Chantilly, musée Condé half-timbered cottages, in the Normandy style, which © RMN-Grand Palais (domaine de Chantilly) / Franck Raux / René-Gabriel Ojéda contained a salon, a billiards room, a dining room, and a mill. There were others too, at Raincy, for example, the Duke of Orleans' Chateau, or at Versailles, on the estate of Marie-Antoinette's sister-in-law, Madame Élisabeth, where the architect Chalgrin had built Anglo-oriental gardens twelve small houses around a lake. Custom had it that there should be a complete surprise between the rustic This intellectual and moral thinking was combined exteriors when compared with the luxurious and with a fashion for gardens, which arrived from England. refined princely interiors. At Chantilly for example, the At Kew, near London, in the mid-18th century, the barn concealed a salon with silver-fluted Corinthian Scottish architect Sir William Chambers had created an columns and pink taffeta hangings, and the ceiling was exotic garden and in it he had placed a Chinese pagoda painted with cherubs dancing in the clouds. However, (1761). He had immediately gained a great reputation in this ideal village there was also a working dairy, a for such a new idea. His design, cleverly combining stable for the herd of cows, and a bread oven. So while naturalism and aesthetics, quickly swept through he was dining, the prince could believe that he was in Europe, and France was keen not to be left behind in a village in the midst of real peasants. These Hamlets this total transformation of garden fashion. Gardens in were of course inseparable from the gardens in which the new English style began to spring up everywhere, at they were located and of which they were the crowning Ermenonville, for example, in the Bagatelle Garden, in glory. In this theatrical setting one could admire at one's Monceau Park, and the Désert de Retz. leisure the effects of artistically arranged foliage and groves, and immerse oneself in a re-imagined, idyllic nature, supposedly virginal and pure with no human intervention. 10 a project for a queen part I Marie-Antoinette and the first English Garden: the Country Garden After the death of Louis XV in 1774, the Petit Trianon became Marie-Antoinette's favourite place. It was a gift from Louis XVI, and this was the first time in history that a Queen of France had owned a property. The young sovereign, who was herself swept up by the fashion for Anglo-Oriental gardens, decided to transform this area. The scientific and encyclopaedic work carried out here by Louis XV, who until then had devoted these areas to research, was abandoned. Like a true project manager, Marie-Antoinette decided to plant a new garden, which would extend to the site of the botanical garden and on to the undeveloped land just to the north.
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