Infertility Network and Hub Genes for Nonobstructive Azoospermia Utilizing Integrative Analysis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Infertility Network and Hub Genes for Nonobstructive Azoospermia Utilizing Integrative Analysis www.aging-us.com AGING 2021, Vol. 13, No. 5 Research Paper Infertility network and hub genes for nonobstructive azoospermia utilizing integrative analysis Baoquan Han1,*, Zihui Yan2,*, Shuai Yu1,*, Wei Ge2, Yaqi Li3, Yan Wang1, Bo Yang4, Wei Shen1,2, Hui Jiang5, Zhongyi Sun1 1Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China 2College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China 3Department of Urology, Zaozhuang Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining Group, Zaozhuang 277100, China 4Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China 5Department of Urology, Department of Andrology, Department of Human Sperm Bank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China *Equal contribution Correspondence to: Zhongyi Sun, Wei Shen, Hui Jiang; email: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 2013-7827; [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords: nonobstructive azoospermia, integrative analysis, scRNA-seq, male infertility, biomarkers Received: November 5, 2020 Accepted: December 29, 2020 Published: February 17, 2021 Copyright: © 2021 Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility owing to the absence of sperm during ejaculation as a result of failed spermatogenesis. The molecular mechanisms of NOA have not been well studied. Here, we revealed the dysregulated differentially expressed genes in NOA and related signaling pathways or biological processes. Cluster features of biological processes include spermatogenesis, fertilization, cilium movement, penetration of zona pellucida, sperm chromatin condensation, and being significantly enriched metabolic pathways in proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, glycolysis and glycogenesis pathways in NOA using Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. The NOA gene co-expression network was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify the hub genes (CHD5 and SPTBN2). In addition, we used another Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE45887) to validate these hub genes. Furthermore, we used the Seurat package to classify testicular tissue cells from NOA patients and to characterize the differential expression of hub genes in different cell types from different adult males based on the scRNA-seq dataset (GSE106487). These results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NOA. Of particular note, CHD5 and SPTBN2 may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of NOA. INTRODUCTION is multifactorial and accounts for approximately half of all infertility cases [2]. However, the genetic basis Infertility is a serious health problem that may be of male infertility has not been extensively studied associated with aging [1]. It is one of the most [3]. A significant portion of male infertility is commonly diagnosed conditions associated with associated with idiopathic azoospermia, usually either reproductive health or male-related problems; it manifested as non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), www.aging-us.com 7052 AGING which affects about 1% of all adult males [4]. that has been extensively developed and applied to Currently, NOA remains the most clinically severe biological and pathological research [20–22]. It can be form of male infertility due to the absence of sperm in used to study the functional status of individual cells, the ejaculate as a result of failed spermatogenesis [5]. to infer and discover new cell types in an unbiased Several studies have reported the involvement of manner, and can also be used to construct genetic factors in the occurrence of NOA, such as differentiation trajectories for cell lineages, as well as defective chromosome number, microdeletions of the molecular maps of cell developmental profiles. Since Y-chromosome, and autosomal mutations or its development, single-cell transcriptome sequencing polymorphisms in multiple biological pathways [6, 7]. has been widely used in cancer and bio-developmental While there has been some progress regarding the fields with excellent results. Although two studies etiology of the disease (involving either intrinsic performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing on testicular impairment or insufficient gonadotropin testicular tissue from NOA patients [16, 17], no study production), the molecular defects responsible for has yet applied these open resources to an integrated NOA that are associated with male sterility are largely analysis of NOA; this omission lays the foundation unknown. for our study. An adequate diagnosis of NOA is currently far from In the current study, WGCNA and scRNA-seq were satisfactory, especially in terms of identifying combined to analyze hub gene profiling of NOA molecular causes, which can be complex [8]. samples extracted from the Sequence Read Archive Therefore, the identification of potential biomarkers (SRA) database, while two additional GEO databases involved in NOA appears to be crucial. With the rise were used to validate the results. After integrative of high-throughput sequencing technology, several analysis, two hub genes, CHD5 and SPTBN2, were key NOA-related genes have been identified. In 2008, screened in the NOA group of patients. The results of using genome-wide gene expression analysis, this study will be informative for basic research on Hiroyuki et al. identified ART3 as a susceptibility NOA and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical gene for NOA [9]. Subsequent study found that diagnosis and treatment of NOA. deletion or under-expression of the Y-chromosome genes CDY2 and HSFY is associated with the blocking RESULTS of sperm maturation in American men with NOA [10]. More recent studies have indicated that there are Overview of the transcriptomes of NOA and GO several potential NOA-related biomarkers (such as enrichment analysis IL1-RA, AKAP4, UBQLN3, CAPN11, GGN, SPACA4, SPATA3, and FAM71F1) [8, 11]. Moreover, other In order to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of researchers have identified ENTPD6 and STX2 as NOA, we firstly screened the DEGs between normal potential NOA pathogenic genes [12, 13]. testicular biopsies and NOA cases using the limma package and then built the volcano map and heat map Currently, except for traditional microarray analysis, using the ggplot2 and pheatmap packages. The heat several studies have used weighted gene co- map of all mRNAs is shown in Supplementary Figure expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis [14], 1A, where significant differences in gene expression whole-exome sequencing [15], and single-cell between the two groups can be seen. Subsequently, the transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) [16, 17] to volcano map was constructed using differentially screen for novel infertility causative genes in NOA. expressed mRNAs (|log2fold change|≥2, p-value < 0.05) The resulting data provide a basis for further studies as shown in Supplementary Figure 1B. In total, 214 on the pathogenesis of NOA, but these existing mRNAs displayed the differential expressions in NOA, studies do not integrate multiple sequencing data, including two upregulated and 212 downregulated which makes the results obtained by a single mRNAs (|log2fold change|≥2, p-value < 0.05) analytical approach less convincing. Correlation (Supplementary Table 1). In addition, from the heat networks are increasingly being used in bio- map and the cluster dendrogram (Supplementary Figure informatics applications, especially using WGCNA. 3A), it can be seen that the normal testicular biopsies This technique has been widely used to explore the and NOA cases were allocated into two distinct main large and complex relationships between microarray clusters (control and NOA). and RNA sequence data, which provides a convenient and effective solution for screening potential After Metascape analysis, the Top 10 clusters with their biomarkers for clinical prognosis and therapy [18, representative enriched terms are shown in Figure 1A 19]. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing is an and Supplementary Table 2. GO analysis results were optimized second-generation sequencing technology enriched in Biological Process, Cellular Components, www.aging-us.com 7053 AGING Figure 1. GO enrichment and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of NOA, and validation of hub genes. (A) Top 10 clusters with their representative enriched term based on GO enrichment analysis of DEGs. (B) NOA samples were correlated positively with gene signatures www.aging-us.com 7054 AGING related to Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Ubiquitin Mediated Proteolysis pathways. (C) NOA samples were correlated negatively with gene signatures related to Glycerophospholipid Metabolism and Proximal Tubule Bicarbonate Reclamation pathway. (D) The normalized expression validation of hub genes using the GSE45887 dataset. The Y‐axis expressions were normalized by log2 (TPM/10+1). (E) The normalized expression validation of hub genes using the GSE106487 dataset. The Y‐axis expressions were normalized by log2 (TPM/10+1). and Molecular
Recommended publications
  • The Chromatin Remodeling Factor CHD5 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of WEE1
    The Chromatin Remodeling Factor CHD5 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of WEE1 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Quan, Jinhua, Guillaume Adelmant, Jarrod A. Marto, A. Thomas Look, and Timur Yusufzai. 2014. “The Chromatin Remodeling Factor CHD5 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of WEE1.” PLoS ONE 9 (9): e108066. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108066. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108066. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108066 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13347631 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Chromatin Remodeling Factor CHD5 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of WEE1 Jinhua Quan1,2, Guillaume Adelmant2,3, Jarrod A. Marto2,3, A. Thomas Look4, Timur Yusufzai1,2* 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Blais Proteomics Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America Abstract Loss of the chromatin remodeling ATPase CHD5 has been linked to the progression of neuroblastoma tumors, yet the underlying mechanisms behind the tumor suppressor role of CHD5 are unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Definition and Characterization of a Region of 1P36.3 Consistently
    Oncogene (2005) 24, 2684–2694 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9232/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/onc Definition and characterization of a region of 1p36.3 consistently deleted in neuroblastoma Peter S White*,1,2, Patricia M Thompson1, Takahiro Gotoh1, Erin R Okawa1, Jun Igarashi1, Marleen Kok1, Cynthia Winter1, Simon G Gregory3, MichaelD Hogarty 1,2, John M Maris1,2,4 and Garrett M Brodeur1,2 1Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 3Center for Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; 4Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Substantial genomic and functional evidence from primary Introduction tumors and cell lines indicates that a consistent region of distal chromosome 1p is deleted in a sizable proportion of Neuroblastoma is a common pediatric malignancy of human neuroblastomas, suggesting that this region contains the peripheralsympathetic nervous system. Despite one or more tumor suppressor genes. To determine system- recent advances in therapy, a large proportion of atically and precisely the location and extent of 1p deletion neuroblastoma patients succumb to the disease. Thus, in neuroblastomas, we performed allelic loss studies of 737 identification and characterization of the genetic events primary neuroblastomas and genotype analysis of 46 underlying neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and progres- neuroblastoma cell lines. Together, the results defined a sion are important priorities for management of this single region within 1p36.3 that was consistently deleted in malignancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Transcriptomic Landscape of the Developing Enteric Nervous System and Its Cellular Environment Sweta Roy-Carson Iowa State University, [email protected]
    Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Publications 2017 Defining the transcriptomic landscape of the developing enteric nervous system and its cellular environment Sweta Roy-Carson Iowa State University, [email protected] Kevin Natukunda Iowa State University, [email protected] Hsien-chao Chou Iowa State University Narinder Pal Iowa State University Caitlin Farris Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/gdcb_las_pubs See next page for additional authors Part of the Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, and the Molecular Genetics Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ gdcb_las_pubs/202. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Genetics, Development and Cell Biology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genetics, Development and Cell Biology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Defining the transcriptomic landscape of the developing enteric nervous system and its cellular environment Abstract Background: Motility and the coordination of moving food through the gastrointestinal tract rely on a complex network of neurons known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). Despite its critical function, many of the molecular mechanisms that direct the development of the ENS and the elaboration of neural network connections remain unknown. The og al of this study was to transcriptionally identify molecular pathways and candidate genes that drive specification, differentiation and the neural circuitry of specific neural progenitors, the phox2b expressing ENS cell lineage, during normal enteric nervous system development.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rare CHD5 Haplotype and Its Interactions with Environmental
    Xiao et al. BMC Cancer (2018) 18:658 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4551-y RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access ArareCHD5 haplotype and its interactions with environmental factors predicting hepatocellular carcinoma risk Qin Xiao1,2†, Lianzhou Chen3†, Haiqing Luo1,4†, Hongmei Li1,5†, Qingming Kong6, Fei Jiao7, Shifeng Pang1, Ming Zhang8, Feifei Lan9, Wenguo Fan10, Hui Luo1*, Tao Tao8* and Xiao Zhu1* Abstract Background: CHD5 is a conventional tumour-suppressing gene in many tumours. The aim of this study was to determine whether CHD5 variants contribute to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Gene variants were identified using next-generation sequencing targeted on referenced mutations followed by TaqMan genotyping in two case-control studies. Results: We discovered a rare variant (haplotype AG) in CHD5 (rs12564469-rs9434711) that was markedly associated with the risk of HCC in a Chinese population. A logistical regression model and permutation test confirmed the association. Indeed, the association quality increased in a gene dose-dependent manner as the number of samples increased. In the stratified analysis, this haplotype risk effect was statistically significant in a subgroup of alcohol drinkers. The false-positive report probability and multifactor dimensionality reduction further supported the finding. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the rare CHD5 gene haplotype and alcohol intake contribute to the risk of HCC. Our findings can be valuable to researchers of cancer precision medicine looking to improve diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Keywords: CHD5, Gene haplotype, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Alcohol intake, Risk Background is one of the nine members of the CHD-binding en- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common zymes and belongs to the snf2 DNA helicase/methylase primary liver cancer and has the worst prognoses of all superfamily [2].
    [Show full text]
  • CHD5 Is Required for Neurogenesis and Has a Dual Role in Facilitating Gene Expression and Polycomb Gene Repression
    Developmental Cell Article CHD5 Is Required for Neurogenesis and Has a Dual Role in Facilitating Gene Expression and Polycomb Gene Repression Chris M. Egan,1,9 Ulrika Nyman,7,9 Julie Skotte,3 Gundula Streubel,1 Siobha´ n Turner,1 David J. O’Connell,6 Vilma Rraklli,7 Michael J. Dolan,1 Naomi Chadderton,1 Klaus Hansen,3 Gwyneth Jane Farrar,1 Kristian Helin,3,4,5 Johan Holmberg,7,8,10,* and Adrian P. Bracken1,2,10,* 1The Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland 2The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital, Dublin 16, Ireland 3Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) 4Centre for Epigenetics 5The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem) University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark 6The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland 7Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research 8Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden 9These authors contributed equally to this work 10These authors contributed equally to this work *Correspondence: [email protected] (J.H.), [email protected] (A.P.B.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2013.07.008 SUMMARY alternative lineages are silenced. Furthermore, the precise roles of chromatin regulators during neuronal lineage specification The chromatin remodeler CHD5 is expressed in neu- remain largely unexplored. ral tissue and is frequently deleted in aggressive Chromatin regulators are generally considered to act as facili- neuroblastoma. Very little is known about the function tators of lineage specification, rather than actually directing the of CHD5 in the nervous system or its mechanism of process (Holmberg and Perlmann, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Similarities and Differences
    Seifert et al. BMC Cancer (2015) 15:952 DOI 10.1186/s12885-015-1939-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Comparative transcriptomics reveals similarities and differences between astrocytoma grades Michael Seifert1,2,5*, Martin Garbe1, Betty Friedrich1,3, Michel Mittelbronn4 and Barbara Klink5,6,7 Abstract Background: Astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors distinguished into four histological grades. Molecular analyses of individual astrocytoma grades have revealed detailed insights into genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations. This provides an excellent basis to identify similarities and differences between astrocytoma grades. Methods: We utilized public omics data of all four astrocytoma grades focusing on pilocytic astrocytomas (PA I), diffuse astrocytomas (AS II), anaplastic astrocytomas (AS III) and glioblastomas (GBM IV) to identify similarities and differences using well-established bioinformatics and systems biology approaches. We further validated the expression and localization of Ang2 involved in angiogenesis using immunohistochemistry. Results: Our analyses show similarities and differences between astrocytoma grades at the level of individual genes, signaling pathways and regulatory networks. We identified many differentially expressed genes that were either exclusively observed in a specific astrocytoma grade or commonly affected in specific subsets of astrocytoma grades in comparison to normal brain. Further, the number of differentially expressed genes generally increased with the astrocytoma grade with one major exception. The cytokine receptor pathway showed nearly the same number of differentially expressed genes in PA I and GBM IV and was further characterized by a significant overlap of commonly altered genes and an exclusive enrichment of overexpressed cancer genes in GBM IV. Additional analyses revealed a strong exclusive overexpression of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 in PA I possibly contributing to the absence of invasive growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Exosomes from Plasma of Neuroblastoma Patients Contain Doublestranded DNA Reflecting the Mutational Status of Parental Tumor Cells
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Exosomes from Plasma of Neuroblastoma Patients Contain Doublestranded DNA Reflecting the Mutational Status of Parental Tumor Cells Chiara Degli Esposti 1,† , Barbara Iadarola 1,† , Simone Maestri 1 , Cristina Beltrami 1, Denise Lavezzari 1 , Martina Morini 2 , Patrizia De Marco 3, Giovanni Erminio 4 , Alberto Garaventa 5, Federico Zara 3, Massimo Delledonne 1 , Marzia Ognibene 3,* and Annalisa Pezzolo 6 1 Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; [email protected] (C.D.E.); [email protected] (B.I.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (D.L.); [email protected] (M.D.) 2 Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; [email protected] 3 U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; [email protected] (P.D.M.); [email protected] (F.Z.) 4 Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; [email protected] 5 Divisione di Oncologia, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; [email protected] 6 IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-010-56362601 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Citation: Degli Esposti, C.; Iadarola, Abstract: Neuroblastoma (NB) is an aggressive infancy tumor, leading cause of death among B.; Maestri, S.; Beltrami, C.; Lavezzari, preschool age diseases. Here we focused on characterization of exosomal DNA (exo-DNA) isolated D.; Morini, M.; De Marco, P.; Erminio, from plasma cell-derived exosomes of neuroblastoma patients, and its potential use for detection of G.; Garaventa, A.; Zara, F.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quest for the 1P36 Tumor Suppressor
    Review The Quest for the 1p36 Tumor Suppressor Anindya Bagchi and Alea A. Mills Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York Abstract identity are rare. One idea is that 1p36 is inherently unstable. 1p36 Genomic analyses of late-stage human cancers have uncov- Another possibility is that several tumor suppressors work ered deletions encompassing 1p36, thereby providing an together and, therefore, that loss of a combination of these genes is extensive body of literature supporting the idea that a potent a prerequisite for cancer. Because hereditary cancer predisposition tumor suppressor resides in this interval. Although several syndromes do not exist for this genomic region, linkage-based genes have been proposed as 1p36 candidate tumor suppres- methodologies that were so crucial for discovering tumor suppres- sors such as retinoblastoma, are not helpful for identifying tumor sors, convincing evidence that their encoded products protect 1p36 from cancer has been scanty. A recent functional study iden- suppressors in this interval. In short, has presented a major tified chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (CHD5)as challenge for the cancer community. a novel tumor suppressor mapping to 1p36. Here, we discuss evidence supporting the tumor-suppressive role of CHD5. Pinpointing the Tumor-Suppressive Region Together, these findings suggest that strategies designed to The underlying assumption for the approach that we took was enhance CHD5 activity could provide novel approaches for that there was a region of 1p36 that when deleted would predispose treating a broad range of human malignancies. [Cancer Res to cancer. Therefore, increased tumorigenicity would provide the 2008;68(8):2551–6] functional readout needed to reveal the location of the tumor suppressor.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Protein Coding Genes Identifies Information Flow
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/679456; this version posted June 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Animal complexity and information flow 1 1 2 3 4 5 Variation in protein coding genes identifies information flow as a contributor to 6 animal complexity 7 8 Jack Dean, Daniela Lopes Cardoso and Colin Sharpe* 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 25 School of Biological Science 26 University of Portsmouth, 27 Portsmouth, UK 28 PO16 7YH 29 30 * Author for correspondence 31 [email protected] 32 33 Orcid numbers: 34 DLC: 0000-0003-2683-1745 35 CS: 0000-0002-5022-0840 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Abstract bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/679456; this version posted June 21, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Animal complexity and information flow 2 1 Across the metazoans there is a trend towards greater organismal complexity. How 2 complexity is generated, however, is uncertain. Since C.elegans and humans have 3 approximately the same number of genes, the explanation will depend on how genes are 4 used, rather than their absolute number.
    [Show full text]
  • Chd5 Requires PHD-Mediated Histone 3 Binding for Tumor Suppression
    Cell Reports Article Chd5 Requires PHD-Mediated Histone 3 Binding for Tumor Suppression Shilpi Paul,1 Alex Kuo,4 Thomas Schalch,1,2,3,6 Hannes Vogel,5 Leemor Joshua-Tor,1,2,3 W. Richard McCombie,1 Or Gozani,4 Molly Hammell,1 and Alea A. Mills1,* 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA 2W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute 4Department of Biological Sciences 5Department of Pathology Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 6Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2012.12.009 SUMMARY et al., 2011; Berger et al., 2011; Gorringe et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2010; Lang et al., 2011; Li et al., 2011; Okawa et al., 2008; Rob- Chromodomain Helicase DNA binding protein 5 bins et al., 2011; Sjo¨ blom et al., 2006; Cancer Genome Atlas (CHD5) is a tumor suppressor mapping to 1p36, Research Network, 2008, 2011) in a variety of human cancers. a genomic region that is frequently deleted in human CHD5 expression is also a favorable predictor of survival cancer. Although CHD5 belongs to the CHD family of following anticancer therapy (Du et al., 2012; Garcia et al., chromatin-remodeling proteins, whether its tumor- 2010; Koyama et al., 2012; Wong et al., 2011). suppressive role involves an interaction with chro- CHD5 is a member of the CHD protein family, a group of nine proteins (CHD1–CHD9) that are defined by dual chromodomains matin is unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Trans-Ethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Severe COVID-19
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02549-5 OPEN Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study of severe COVID-19 Peng Wu1,2,20, Lin Ding3,4,20, Xiaodong Li5,6,20, Siyang Liu7,20, Fanjun Cheng8,20, Qing He9,20, Mingzhong Xiao5,6, Ping Wu1,2, Hongyan Hou2,10, Minghui Jiang3,4, Pinpin Long4,11, Hao Wang4,11, Linlin Liu12, Minghan Qu3,4, Xian Shi3,4, Qin Jiang4,11, Tingting Mo4,11, Wencheng Ding1,2,YuFu1,2, Shi Han12, Xixiang Huo12, Yingchun Zeng12, Yana Zhou5,6, Qing Zhang5,6, Jia Ke5,6,XiXu5,6, Wei Ni5,6, Zuoyu Shao5,6, Jingzhi Wang5,6, Panhong Liu13, Zilong Li 13, Yan Jin14, Fang Zheng15, Fang Wang9, Lei Liu9, Wending Li4,11, Kang Liu4,11, Rong Peng4,11, Xuedan Xu4,11, Yuhui Lin4,11, Hui Gao4,11, Limei Shi4,11, Ziyue Geng4,11, Xuanwen Mu4,11, Yu Yan3,4, Kai Wang3,4, Degang Wu3,4, Xingjie Hao3,4, Shanshan Cheng3,4, Gaokun Qiu4,11, Huan Guo4,11, Kezhen Li 1,2, ✉ ✉ ✉ Gang Chen1,2, Ziyong Sun2,10, Xihong Lin16,17,18, Xin Jin 19,21 , Feng Wang2,10,21 , Chaoyang Sun 1,2,21 & ✉ Chaolong Wang 2,3,4,21 1234567890():,; COVID-19 has caused numerous infections with diverse clinical symptoms. To identify human genetic variants contributing to the clinical development of COVID-19, we genotyped 1457 (598/859 with severe/mild symptoms) and sequenced 1141 (severe/mild: 474/667) patients of Chinese ancestry. We further incorporated 1401 genotyped and 948 sequenced ancestry-matched population controls, and tested genome-wide association on 1072 severe cases versus 3875 mild or population controls, followed by trans-ethnic meta-analysis with summary statistics of 3199 hospitalized cases and 897,488 population controls from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • An RNA-Seq-Based Resource for Pain and Sensory Neuroscience Research
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/165431; this version posted October 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title: Comparative transcriptome profiling of the human and mouse dorsal root ganglia: An RNA-seq-based resource for pain and sensory neuroscience research Short Title: Human and mouse DRG comparative transcriptomics Pradipta Ray 1, 2 #, Andrew Torck 1 , Lilyana Quigley 1, Andi Wangzhou 1, Matthew Neiman 1, Chandranshu Rao 1, Tiffany Lam 1, Ji-Young Kim 1, Tae Hoon Kim 2, Michael Q. Zhang 2, Gregory Dussor 1 and Theodore J. Price 1, # 1 The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Biological Sciences # Corresponding authors Theodore J Price Pradipta Ray School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas The University of Texas at Dallas BSB 14.102G BSB 10.608 800 W Campbell Rd 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 Richardson TX 75080 972-883-4311 972-883-7262 [email protected] [email protected] Number of pages: 27 Number of figures: 9 Number of tables: 8 Supplementary Figures: 4 Supplementary Files: 6 Word count: Abstract = 219; Introduction = 457; Discussion = 1094 Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest Patient anonymity and informed consent: Informed consent for human tissue sources were obtained by Anabios, Inc. (San Diego, CA). Human studies: This work was approved by The University of Texas at Dallas Institutional Review Board (MR 15-237).
    [Show full text]