AP® UNITED STATES HISTORY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
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Bryan's “Cross of Gold” Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses
Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. (This inflationary measure would have increased the amount of money in circulation and aided cash-poor and debt-burdened farmers.) After speeches on the subject by several U.S. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. The thirty-six-year-old former Congressman from Nebraska aspired to be the Democratic nominee for president, and he had been skillfully, but quietly, building support for himself among the delegates. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to frenzy. The response, wrote one reporter, “came like one great burst of artillery.” Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. “Some,” wrote another reporter, “like demented things, divested themselves of their coats and flung them high in the air.” The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. The full text of William Jenning Bryan’s famous “Cross of Gold” speech appears below. The audio portion is an excerpt. [Note on the recording: In 1896 recording technology was in its infancy, and recording a political convention would have been impossible. But in the early 20th century, the fame of Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech led him to repeat it numerous times on the Chautauqua lecture circuit where he was an enormously popular speaker. -
Collapsible Coliseum Cross of Gold
a'" VOLUME 18 PUBUSHED BY THE HYDE PARK HISTORICAL SOCIETY AUTUMN 1996 BY JAMES STRONKS In the swnmer of 1895 "The Greatest Building on Earth" (so said the flag on its roof) was going up on 63d Street, a block west of Stony Island Avenue. Inland Architect said "The Coliseum" was ~ the biggest building erected in America \ since the Columbian Exposition, and its ):4> statistics were indeed awesome. Longer than two football fields, it covered 51/2 acres of floor space and would seat 20,000 easily. Eleven enormous cantilever trusses spanned 218 feet of airspace, enclosing nearly a city block. A tower twenty stories high would dominate the neighborhood, its elevators rising to an observatory/cafe, with a roof-garden music-hall atop that, and at the pinnacle a giant electric searchlight visible for miles. The Coliseum's mammoth steel skeleton was all but completed ...and then it happened. At 11:10 p.m. on August 21 the immense framework collapsed. The appalling roar scared people off a standing train as far away as 47th Street. At dawn the next morning engineers with long faces inspected the ruins to determine the cause. Newspaper reporters licked their pencil points, eager to pin blame and expose a scandal. But THE there really wasn't any. The collapse was evidently caused by some 75 tons of lumber having been stacked on the roof COLLAPSIBLE so as to bear too heavily upon the last truss put into place, one which was not yet completely bolted into the structure COLISEUM as a whole. There was no scandal in the AND THE design, declared American Architect and Building N ews (Boston): "Both architect and engineer bear names of the best CROSS OF GOLD repute in the country." Just the same, it did not name them. -
The Ideological Foundation of the People's Party of Texas Gavin Gray
1 The Ideological Foundation of the People’s Party of Texas Gavin Gray 2 Short lived insurgent third parties are a common feature in American political history, though few were as impactful as the nineteenth century People’s Party.1 Although the People’s Party itself faded out of existence after a few decades, the Republican and Democratic Parties eventually adopted much of their platform.2 In recent history Ross Perot and Donald Trump's appeals to economic nationalism is reminiscent of the old Populist platform. Since its inception, the ideological foundation of the People's Party has remained a point of contention among historians. Traditional historiography on the People's Party, which included figures such as Frederick Jackson Turner and Richard Hofstadter, described it as a conservative movement rooted in agrarian Jacksonianism. In 1931 John Hicks' The Populist Revolt presented the new perspective that the People's Party, far from being conservative, was the precursor to the twentieth century Progressive movement. For the purpose of this study I focused exclusively on the ideological foundation of the People’s Party as it existed within the state of Texas. The study focused exclusively on the People’s Party within Texas for two reasons. The first reason is because the People’s Party organized itself on a statewide basis. The nationwide People’s Party operated as a confederation, each state party had its own independent structure and organizational history, therefore each state party itself must be studied independently.3 The second reason is because one of the People’s Party’s immediate predecessors, the Southern Farmers’ Alliance, had its roots in Texas.4 If one is attempting to study the origins of the People’s Party, then one must examine it where its roots are oldest. -
Efforts to Establish a Labor Party I!7 America
Efforts to establish a labor party in America Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors O'Brien, Dorothy Margaret, 1917- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 15:33:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553636 EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH A LABOR PARTY I!7 AMERICA by Dorothy SU 0s Brlen A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Economics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate College University of Arizona 1943 Approved 3T-:- ' t .A\% . :.y- wissife mk- j" •:-i .»,- , g r ■ •: : # ■ s &???/ S 9^ 3 PREFACE The labor movement In America has followed two courses, one, economic unionism, the other, political activity* Union ism preceded labor parties by a few years, but developed dif ferently from political parties* Unionism became crystallized in the American Federation of Labor, the Railway Brotherhoods and the Congress of Industrial Organization* The membership of these unions has fluctuated with the changes in economic conditions, but in the long run they have grown and increased their strength* Political parties have only arisen when there was drastic need for a change* Labor would rally around lead ers, regardless of their party aflliations, -
Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896–1900
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896–1900 —————— ✦ —————— DAVID T. BEITO AND LINDA ROYSTER BEITO n 1896 a new political party was born, the National Democratic Party (NDP). The founders of the NDP included some of the leading exponents of classical I liberalism during the late nineteenth century. Few of those men, however, fore- saw the ultimate fate of their new party and of the philosophy of limited government that it championed. -
Above the World: William Jennings Bryan's View of the American
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Above the World: William Jennings Bryan’s View of the American Nation in International Affairs Full Citation: Arthur Bud Ogle, “Above the World: William Jennings Bryan’s View of the American Nation in International Affairs,” Nebraska History 61 (1980): 153-171. URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/1980-2-Bryan_Intl_Affairs.pdf Date: 2/17/2010 Article Summary: One of the major elements in Bryan’s intellectual and political life has been largely ignored by both critics and admirers of William Jennings Bryan: his vital patriotism and nationalism. By clarifying Bryan’s Americanism, the author illuminates an essential element in his political philosophy and the consistent reason behind his foreign policy. Domestically Bryan thought the United States could be a unified monolithic community. Internationally he thought America still dominated her hemisphere and could, by sheer energy and purity of commitment, re-order the world. Bryan failed to understand that his vision of the American national was unrealizable. The America he believed in was totally vulnerable to domestic intolerance and international arrogance. -
The Panic of 1893 and the Election of 1896
U.S. HISTORY LESSON 3.4 The Panic of 1893 and the Election of 1896 reform human capital debt safety net trade-off GDP deficit priorities spending Medicare mandatory budget Social Security revenue health care governance discretionary baby boomers economic growth infrastructure ESSENTIAL DILEMMA Were the contradictory responses political leaders had to the panic of 1893 driven more by economic/political self-interest or by differing visions of what kind of country they wanted the United States to be? INTRODUCTION “Wall Street Topsy-Turvy, The Famous ‘Street’ Passes Another Eventful Black Friday. It is said at the Treasury that the time has passed when the Government can aid Wall Street.” —Arkansas Gazette, May 5, 1893 (McMillan, 2010) In August 1893, President Grover Cleveland called a special session of Congress to deal with the financial panic that had hit the United States. Although historians have since taken a more complex view of the causes of the panic, in his message to the special session, Cleveland looked back 3 years to the previous administration, and named the Sherman Silver Purchase Act as the cause of the panic: Our unfortunate plight is . principally chargeable to Congressional legislation touching the purchase and coinage of silver by the General Government. This legislation is embodied in a statute passed on the 14th day of July, 1890, which was the culmination of much agitation on the subject involved, and which may be considered a truce, after a long struggle, between the advocates of free silver coinage and those intending to be more conservative. (Cleveland, 1893) President Cleveland oversaw the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act before the year’s end and, perhaps by coincidence, the panic only intensified. -
Political Parties
Political Parties Carl Johnson Government Jenks High School Political Parties and What They Do Political Parties are one way in which people can participate in politics A political party is a group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office There are two major political parties in the United States today Republicans Democrats Functions of Political Parties There are five functions of a political party 1. Nominating function – Selection of candidates who are then presented to voters (Recruitment) Work to get candidates elected to office This sets them apart from other groups in politics Is an exclusive function of the party Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 2. Informer/Stimulator Function – Campaign for their candidates Take position on the issues Criticize the candidates and positions of their opponents Selects information to be presented that puts their party in the best possible light Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 2. Informer/Stimulator Function – Educates the voters through the use of Pamphlets Signs Buttons Stickers Advertisements Speeches, Rallies and Conventions Goal is to win the election by attracting the most voters possible, while at the same time offending the least amount of voters possible Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 3. Bonding Agent Function – Ensures the good performance of its candidates and officeholders Screens potential candidates for qualifications and character Prompts it’s successful candidates to perform well in office Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 4. Governing Function – Our government is a government by party Organized along party lines Partisanship – the strong support of the party and it’s stance on the issues Most appointments to executive offices are made with party considerations Parties provide a basis for the conduct of government Cooperation between the branches is essential if anything is to be accomplished Parties allow the branches to cooperate Functions of Political Parties (con’t) 5. -
“Two-Party System”? How Has It Effected American Politics / Elections?
American Political Parties What are major / third political parties? What is the “two-party system”? How has it effected American politics / elections? What Is a Political Party? • A political party is a group of citizens who agree on major issues facing the nation – Economic, social, foreign policy, etc. • This group works together to win elections and create public policies that reflect their views of society Political Parties in the US • The United States has a “two-party system”. – Two (2) major parties – Both parties work to win over voters and control of local, state, and national offices • Why only two parties? – Our History – Tradition – Our Election System What is the difference between a “liberal” and a “conservative”? • “Liberal” - • “Conservative” - – Equal rights of all – Personal empowerment individuals – Limited government – Government protection / – Personal liberty assistance – Keep the status quo (unless…) – Gradual change • Issues: • Issues: – Equal rights for all – Less taxation / assistance – Social services – More traditional values – Government assistance – More economic independence US Political Spectrum “Left” “Right” “Left” “Right” Radicals Reactionaries “move forward quickly” “go back” to the old days How do these terms effect our American political parties? • Democrats: • Republicans: – (“liberal” - “the left”) – (“conservative” - “the right”) • Beliefs: • Beliefs: “ ” – Big Government – “Small” government – Strict Regulations – Less Regulations – More social programs – Less taxes / spending – Pro-Choice – Pro-Life – Smaller military – Strong military Parties Move Towards The Center • A platform is a statement that puts forth the party's positions on issues. – Each individual issue is called a plank. • Both parties want votes. As a result, parties moving away from extreme positions. – “Moderate” (“The Middle”) Not to Be Confused with… Hamilton vs. -
'The “Wizard of Oz” As a Monetary Allegory,' Journal Of
Hugh Rockoff of Rutgers University, ‘The “Wizard of Oz” as a Monetary Allegory,’ Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, 1990, pp. 739-760. I. Introduction The Wizard of Oz is perhaps the best-loved American children's story. The movie, starring Judy Garland, Bert Lahr, Ray Bolger and company, is an annual television ritual. The book on which the movie is based, L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, however, is not only a child's tale but also a sophisticated commentary on the political and economic debates of the Populist Era.1 Previous interpretations have focused on the political and social aspects of the allegory. The most important of these is Littlefield ([1966] 1968), although his interpretation was adumbrated by Nye (1951), Gardner and Nye (1957), Sackett (I960), and Bewley ([1964] 1970). My purpose is to unlock the references in the Wizard of Oz to the monetary debates of the 1890s. When the story is viewed in this light, the real reason the Cowardly Lion fell asleep in the field of poppies, the identity of the Wizard of Oz, the significance of the strange number of hallways and rooms in the Emerald Palace, and the reason the Wicked Witch of the West was so happy to get one of Dorothy's shoes become clear. Thus interpreted, the Wizard of Oz becomes a powerful pedagogic device. Few students of money and banking or economic history will forget the battle between the advocates of free silver and the defenders of the gold standard when it is explained through the Wizard of Oz. -
William Jennings Bryan: Boy Orator, Broken Man, and the "Evolution" of America's Public Philosophy
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for May 2002 WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN: BOY ORATOR, BROKEN MAN, AND THE "EVOLUTION" OF AMERICA'S PUBLIC PHILOSOPHY Troy A. Murphy University of Michigan-Dearborn Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Murphy, Troy A., "WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN: BOY ORATOR, BROKEN MAN, AND THE "EVOLUTION" OF AMERICA'S PUBLIC PHILOSOPHY" (2002). Great Plains Quarterly. 40. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/40 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Great Plains Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 2 (Spring 2002). Published by the Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Copyright © 2000 Center for Great Plains Studies. Used by permission. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN BOY ORATOR, BROKEN MAN, AND THE "EVOLUTION" OF AMERICA'S PUBLIC PHILOSOPHY TROY A. MURPHY He wanted our religion to rest on the basis of love and not on the basis of force; and, my friends, when we get down to the root of our government, and the root of our religion, we find that they alike rest on the doctrine of human brotherhood-"that all men are created equal." - William Jennings Bryan, on Thomas Jefferson1 If you would be entirely accurate you should represent me as using a double-barreled shot- gun, firing one barrel at the elephant as he tries to enter the treasury and another at Darwinism-the monkey-as he tries to enter the schoolroom. -
Bryan at Baltimore, the Democratic National Convention of 1912 Scroll Down for Complete Article
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Bryan at Baltimore, the Democratic National Convention of 1912 Full Citation: Boyce House, “Bryan at Baltimore, the Democratic National Convention of 1912,” Nebraska History 41 (1960): 29-51 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1960BryanBaltimore.pdf Date: 11/04/2016 Article Summary: The Baltimore Convention was the high point of Bryan’s career. He made three dramatic speeches and succeeded in defining himself as an advocate of the American people and the opponent of Tammany Hall and Wall Street. Scroll down for complete article. Cataloging Information: Names: William Jennings Bryan, Alton B Parker, William Howard Taft, Champ Clark, Woodrow Wilson, John W Kern, J Pierpont Morgan, Thomas Ryan, August Belmont, Richard Washburn Child, Theodore Roosevelt, Charles Willis Thompson, Judson Harmon, Oscar W Underwood Place Names: Baltimore,