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Objectives: 1. Describe farmers’ economic complaints during the late 1800s. 2. List the key organizations formed to protest problems faced by farmers. 3. Understand Populism, the people behind the movement, and its legacy. Main Idea: By the late 1800s, declining incomes for American farmers created fertile ground for a farmer’s protest movement Farmer’s Problems First problem increased crop production causes crop prices to drop. Farmers took out loans to buy equipment and more land to produce more to offset prices. Second problem were tariffs (tax on imports) Third problem is Delation – drop in prices on goods. In 1873 the US switches from bimetal to the gold standard. Fourth problem railroads Uixed prices. Railroads charged more for short hauls and charged customers different rates. How Tariffs work Farmer’s Organize Improved communication and transportation will allow farmers to unite. The Grange was the Uirst farmer cooperative and will join forces with the Farmers’ Alliances to force political change. In 1887, the Interstate Commerce Act is signed that will regulate railroad prices. In 1890, the Sherman Antitrust Act to curb the power of monopolies but was not enforced at irst. The Populists The People’s Party (Populists) wanted radical social and economic changes. Increased circulation of money Unlimited minting of silver Progressive income tax – the more you make, the more you pay (citizens and businesses) Government control of communication and transportation systems Endorsed 8 hr workday and opposed strikebreakers (To attract urban and northern voters) 1892 Presiden-al Elec-on Democrat Cleveland 46% Popular Vote, 277 Electoral Votes Republican Harrison 43% Popular Vote, 145 Electoral Votes Populist Weaver 8.5% Popular Vote, 22 Electoral Votes Election of 1896 Candidates: Republican William McKinley (Ohio) Democrat William Jennings Bryan (Nebraska) In 1896, Populists supported William Jennings Bryan after his famous “Cross of Gold” speech “You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!” Cross of Gold 1896 Presidential Election Republican McKinley 51% Popular Vote, 271 Electoral Votes Democrat Bryan 46.7% Popular Vote, 176 Electoral Votes Populism’s Legacy There was a widening gap between the cities and farms America was transitioning from an agrarian (agricultural) society to an industrial society Goals of populism will be used by Progressivism in the early 1900s for urban issues. Today important for the progressive income tax and 8 hour workday. .

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Bryan's “Cross of Gold” Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses
Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. (This inflationary measure would have increased the amount of money in circulation and aided cash-poor and debt-burdened farmers.) After speeches on the subject by several U.S. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. The thirty-six-year-old former Congressman from Nebraska aspired to be the Democratic nominee for president, and he had been skillfully, but quietly, building support for himself among the delegates. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to frenzy. The response, wrote one reporter, “came like one great burst of artillery.” Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. “Some,” wrote another reporter, “like demented things, divested themselves of their coats and flung them high in the air.” The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. The full text of William Jenning Bryan’s famous “Cross of Gold” speech appears below. The audio portion is an excerpt. [Note on the recording: In 1896 recording technology was in its infancy, and recording a political convention would have been impossible. But in the early 20th century, the fame of Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech led him to repeat it numerous times on the Chautauqua lecture circuit where he was an enormously popular speaker.
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Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Above the World: William Jennings Bryan’s View of the American Nation in International Affairs Full Citation: Arthur Bud Ogle, “Above the World: William Jennings Bryan’s View of the American Nation in International Affairs,” Nebraska History 61 (1980): 153-171. URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/1980-2-Bryan_Intl_Affairs.pdf Date: 2/17/2010 Article Summary: One of the major elements in Bryan’s intellectual and political life has been largely ignored by both critics and admirers of William Jennings Bryan: his vital patriotism and nationalism. By clarifying Bryan’s Americanism, the author illuminates an essential element in his political philosophy and the consistent reason behind his foreign policy. Domestically Bryan thought the United States could be a unified monolithic community. Internationally he thought America still dominated her hemisphere and could, by sheer energy and purity of commitment, re-order the world. Bryan failed to understand that his vision of the American national was unrealizable. The America he believed in was totally vulnerable to domestic intolerance and international arrogance.
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Bryan at Baltimore, the Democratic National Convention of 1912 Scroll Down for Complete Article
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Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1975 Bryan, Populism and Utah Herbert E. Cihak Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Cihak, Herbert E., "Bryan, Populism and Utah" (1975). Theses and Dissertations. 4602. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4602 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. BRYAN POPULISM AND UTAH A thesis presented to the department of political science brigham young university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of arts by herbert E cihak august 1975 this thesis by herbert E cihak is accepted in its present form by the department of political science of brigham young university as satisfying the thesis requirement for the degree of master of arts J heithhelthmelville cammicommiittqf chairman eleeie001 robert H sloverslovercomrikitteecor itteeattee member J ar7r & lateyatete department chairman 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES iv PREFACE v introduction i1 chapter J THE POPULIST REVOLT 5 early farm alliances popuusxnpo jjlbprn f y awn rheaheyhee pepecletpepletoe lesies s party in utah II11 BRYAN FREE SILVER AND SEWALL 15 the silver craze preconventionpre
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