HORIZON 2020 CAPACITY BUILDING OF THE MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME ON THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE

CURRENT SITUATION OF THE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN

PhD Enkelejda GJINALI Dipl. Eng Lecturer at the Polytechnic University , Advisor to the Albanian Prime Minister on Water Policy and Issues

HOTEL TIRANA, 11 April 2011 SERVICE COVERAGE, 20102010--1515

National service 20201010 2015

Water supply: 80% 95% Urban 88% 95% Rural 56% 75% Sewerage: 69% 80% Urban 5050%% 80% Rural 2% 50%

 Treatment plants?! CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS

TOWN SOSUPPORTED COSTPOOOPULATION SSSTATUS

1. Kavajë I KfW € 5.0 M 25,000 In operation 2. Kavajë 2 IPA € 10. 0M 750005,000 Final Design 3. Durrës BB/LUX/EIB(IPA) € 11,1 M 250,000 Construction 4. Lezh-Shëngjin BB/LUX/EIB(IPA) € 4,9 M 50,000 Construction 5. SdSarandë BB/LUX/EIB(IPA) € 3,8 M 60,000 CttiConstruction 6. Vlorë CARDS (2006) € 2,7 M 150,000 Completed 7. KfW € 5.0 M 60,000 In operation 8. Korçë EIB/KfW € 6.7 M 90,000 Construction 9. Tiranë JBIC € 67 M 1,000,000 Final Design 10. Velipojë IPA (2007) € NA M 85,000 Design 11. Orikum Islamic Bank € NA M 56,000 Design 12. Shirok-Zogaj KfW, SECO, ADA € 1.0 M 12,000 Design 13. IPA N/A 12,000 Design 14. Shkoder KfW, SECO € 10 M 100,000 Design € 120 M 2,4 Milion p.e. KAVAJA – TREATMENT

Financed by German government (()KfW) 5 mil €

Technology: Biological treatment-trickling filter Surface: 13 ha Local authority served: Kavaja Municipality and & Rrakell villages. Operational period: 2005 – 2025 Water characteristic : wastewater Population designed: 2005 – 2025 25,000 – 125,000 p.e Quantity : 4,500 m3/dite Influent and effluent characteristics : In: DBO 363 mg/l Enffluent: DBO 25 mg/l MES 280 mg/l MES 35 mg/l COD kg/dl COD 125mg/l KAVAJA – TECHNOLOGY

Efluente Filtros Corriente de Lagoonde Turba Recirculaciónclarifier

Agua ResidualIn Tid

Efluente DepuradoEffluent • First TP, 2005; • QQ:: 22,353 m3/dite; Filtros de Turba Lecho Bacteriano Arqueta de Decantador Thickener Trickling filter recirculationRecirculación administrationSecundario • TkTeknol ogogyy:: o anaerobic Lagoon, o Trickling filter, o Clarifier. LEZHË – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: WB, Lux, BEI, ALB-gov (40%) 4,9 Mil€

Technology: Biological treatment with advanced aeration basin. Surface: today 29.1 ha ha Served local authorities : Municipality of Lezhë; commune of Shëngjin, Balldren Construction period: 2002 2022 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : Në 2002 30.000 p.e Në 2022 51.000 p.e Quantity: Min (()2002) 22,2 l/s Max (2002) 142,0 l/s Influent and effluent characteristics: In: DBO 200 mg/l Effluent: DBO 10 mg/l MES 400 mg/l MES 60 mg/l COD 400 mg/l COD 60 mg/l NT 50 mg/l NT 40 mg/l PT 20 mg/l PT 16.3 mg/l LEZHA – TECHNOLOGY

Location Plan Swamp area, Specialized engineers

Technology: • Automatic greed, • SdSend remova ble, • Aerated basin , • Construction will stop here

Sludge treatment: • Reed beds LEZHA – TECHNOLOGY SARANDA – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: WB, Lux, BEI, ALB-gov (40%) 3,8Mil€ Technology: Biological treatment. Service zone: Today 14.7 ha Served local authority: Municipality of Sarandë Construction period: 2002 – 2022 Water characteristic : wastewater Population equivalent : 2002 – 2022 30.000 - 60.000 p.e. quantity: Min. & Mak 22,2 - 167 l/s Influent and effluent characteristics: In: DBO 200 mg/l En: DBO 10 mg/l MES 400 mg/l MES 30 mg/l COD 400 mg/l COD 50 mg/l NT 50 mg/l NT 33,6 mg/l PT 20 mg/l PT 15 mg/l SARANDË – Location TECHNOLOGY Technology: • Automatic greed, • Send removable, • Aerated basin , • Reed beds, • Chlorination unit • Outlet Sludge treatment: C • Reed beds Plani pergjith s hem SARANDË – TECHNOLOGY DURRËS – TREATMENT

Financed by WB, Lux, BEI, ALB-gov (40%) 11,1 Mil€

Technology: Tertiary treatment, energy production, reused water after treatment Surface: Today-future 17 – 33 ha

Local authority served: Durrës Municipality and villages: Bisht Pallë, Rrashbull, Arapaj, Shën Vlash, Shkallnur. Operational period: 2002 – 2022 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population designed : 2002 150. 000 pep.e 2022 250.000 p.e Quantity : Min. Max 111 l/s - 700 l/s Influent and effluent characteristics : In: DBO 300 mg/l En: DBO 11 mg/l MES 400 mg/l MES 15 mg/l COD 600 mg/l COD 33 mg/l NT 60 mg/l NT 15 mg/l PT 25 mg/l PT 4,5 mg/l DURRËS – TECHNOLOGY

Technology: Bgas Sludge treatment: • Automatic greed, • Thickener, • Send removable, • DigesterDigester--gasgas and energy • Advanced Aerated basin – Sludge anoxic zone N reduction), production, • Tertiary treatment with reed • Reed beds beds, PP--reductionreduction DURRËS – TECHNOLOGY VLORË –TREATMENT

Co-financed by: EU, ALB-gov (20 %) 2,7Mil€ Technology: Lagoon systems, realized first level Service zone: Today – 2016 3,4 – 104ha Served local authorities : Municipality of Vlore Construction period: 2004 – 2016 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : 2004 – 2016 130. 000 – 170. 000 pep.e. quantity: 2004 – 2016 31.200 – 50.400 m3/ditë Influent and effluent characteristics : In: DBO 170 mg/l En: DBO 6 mg/l MES NA mg/l MES NAmg/ l VLORË – TECHNOLOGY

greed ??fat removable DESBASTE DESENGRASADO DEFLECTEn1OR

ARUIn ARQUETEn2ADESA DE SALIDAALIDA

ImpermeableIM PERM EABILIZAC IO N layer

Sand DESARENADOremovable EfluentEFLUEN TE

ImpermeableIM PERM EABILIZAC IOlayer N

ANAEROBICLAGUNA ANAEROBIA LAGOON FACULTATIVE LAGUNA FACULTATIVA Lagoon LAGUNA MADURACIONMATURATION LAGOON SPAIN ––LAGLAGOONOON 2. 000 P. E KORÇË –TREATMENT

Co-financed b y: GtGerman government (KfW), 16, 5Mil€ ALB-gov Technology: Combined aeration lagoons with two stages SiService zone: tdtoday 13 ha Served local authorities : Korçë Municipality Construction period: 2004-2020 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : 2004 86,500 p.e 2020 103,000 p.e quantity: Mesatare (2004) 13,400 m3/d Maksimale (2004) 16,366 m3/d Influent and effluent characteristics : In: DBO 5,100 kg/d En: DBO 25 mg/l MES 5,950 kg/d MES 35 mg/l COD 10,200 kg/d COD 125 mg/l KORÇË, TECHNOLOGY TIRANË/KASHAR – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: JIBIC, ALB-govQeveria Shqiptare, First fase 67Mil€ Technology: Trickling filters Service zone: 66ha Served local authorities : Tirana municipality, Kashar Commune Construction period: 2009 - 2022 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : 2004 830,320 p.e quantity: Average & Max. 207,600 – 213,500 m3/d Influent and effluent characteristics : In: DBO 200 En: DBO 24 mg/l MES 200 MES 30mg/l COD COD 125 mg/l TIRANA/BERXULL – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: JIBIC & ALB-gov 67Mil€

Tecnology: Biological treatment, Trickling filters Service zone: 33ha Served local authorities : Tirana Municipality, Berxull commune Construction period: 2009 - 2022 Water characteristic : Wastewater PltiiltPopulation equivalent : 169,680b0 banor ë quantity: Average & Max. 42,400 – 50,700 m3/d Influent and effluent characteristics : influent: DBO 200 effluent: DBO 25 mg/l MES 200 MES 35 mg/l COD COD 125 mg/l TIRANA/KASHAR, BERXULL TECHNOLOGY TIRANA – TECHNOLOGY

1. Pre-treatment 2. Primer clarifiers 3. Trickling Filters 4. Secondary clarifiers

5. disinfection

P 1. Sludge

4. Tharja llumit

2. Thickener 3. Digesters

5. Dry Beds TIRANA – How? Where?

Kashar Berxull Water • PrePre--treatmenttreatment units, 4+4 2+2 • Primary decanters 32 4 • Tri c kling filters 64 16 • Secondary decanters 24 8 • Chlorination Unit 1 1

Sludge • Thickener 4444 • Digesters 16 4 • Dry beds 15+3 12+2 POGRADEC – TECHNOLOGY

Influent

Sludge treatment SHKODER – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: KfW, ADA, SIDA, Alb-gov 10 Mil€

Tecn ol ogy: Anaerobic ppygonds followed by Aerated lagoon Surface: 15 ha Served local authorities : Shkoder Municipality & villages Dobrac, Golem, Hot I Ri ItiIn operation: 2010 - 2030 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : 2010 99,359 Inhabitants 2030 186,988 Inhabitants quantity: Normal Flow (2010) 28,735 m3/day Max . Flow (2030) 30,255 m3/day Influent and effluent characteristics : influent: DBO 208 mg/l effluent: DBO 25 mg/l MES 231 mg/l MES 35 mg/l COD 416 mg/l COD 125 mg /l NT 37 mg/l NT 10 mg/l PT 6,5 mg/l PT 1 mg/l SHKODER – TECHNOLOGY

Anaerobic ponds followed by aerated lagoons, 2010-2015

Activated sludge and advanced treatment to remove N and P, 2015-2030 VELIPOJE – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: KfW, ADA, SIDA, Alb-gov NI Tecnology: SBR (subsequent batch reactor) Surface: 2 ha Served local authorities : Velipoja and villages as Pulaj, Res Pulaj, Gomsiqe e Re, Rec i ri, Luarzi, Casi, Baks i Ri, mali Kolaj and Baks-Rrjoll. Con str ucti on peri od: 2010 - 2030 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : Winter 8,000 Inhabitants Summer 87, 000 Inhabitants quantity: Winter 65 m3/h Summer 390 m3/h Influent and effluent characteristics : influent: DBO Winter: 300 mg/l Summer: 515 mg/l effluent: DBO 25 mg/l MES 450 mg/l 772 mg/l MES 35 mg/l COD 600 mg/l 1030 mg/l COD ?mg/l NT 60 mg/l 103 mg/l NT 10 mg/l PT 17 mg/l 10 mg/l PT 1 mg/l VELIPOJE – TECHNOLOGY

Wastewaters Aerobic disposal of sludge Thickening Dewatering digestion Returned wastewaters

Biological sludge SBR parallel tank Cl Returned sludge Storage

Solid wastes Filtration MIX Disinfection MIX Chemical sludge Metal Chemical additives salts Storage

Aerobic disposal of sludge Thickening Dewatering digestion

Grit/oil DISCHARGE INLET Flow equalization Screening SBR parallel tank removal Cl Storage

Filtration MIX Disinfection MIX Solid waste Metal salts Storage

Aerobic disposal sludge Thickening Dewatering digestion

SBR parallel tank Cl Storage

Filtration MIX Disinfection MIX

Metal salts Storage SHIROKE – TECHNOLOGY ZOGAJ – TECHNOLOGY ORIKUM– TECHNOLOGY

Activated Sludge Process (ASP)+Extended aeration ORIKUM – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: NI Tecnology: Activated Sludge Process (ASP)+Extended aeration Surface: NI Served local authorities : Dukati i vjeter , Llogara touristy area , Dukati i ri village , Tragjas village , Orikum city , Radhima village and tourist cost area from Radhima to Orikum. Construction period: 2010 - 2030 Water characteristic : Wastewater Poppqulation equivalent : 2010 17,000Inhabitants 2040 53,000Inhabitants Quantity: 8,000m3/d

Influent and effluent characteristics : influent: DBO 400 mg/l effluent: DBO 25 mg/l MES 400 mg/l MES 35 mg/l NT 80 mg/l PT 15 mg/l pH 10-40 C VARIATION OF TECHNOLOGIES

AREA PRE-TREATMENT PRIMER SECONDARY ADVANCED SLUDGE

Trickling filter Chlorination thickener 1. Kavajë I Automatic greed Anaerobic Pond Secondary Clarifier unit ?

Automatic greed Trickling filter 2. Kavajë 2 Anaerobic Pond Chlorination thickener? Secondary Clarifier

Constructed thickener, Mechanical greed, Aeration Basin wetlands, Sand removal Anaerobic digester, 3. Durrës Automatic greed me zone anoksie Chlorination, Constructed , Secondary Clarifier + gas wetlands production. Mechanical greed, Aeration Basin Sand removal Constructed 4L4. Le-Shëngjin Au tomatic greed ? wetlands ,? Mechanical greed, Sand removal Aeration Basin Constructed 5. Sarandë Automatic greed Chlorination Constructed wetlands wetlands

Mechanical greed, 6. Vlorë Automatic greed Anaerobic lagoon ? ? ? rSand removal Constructed Au tomatic greed Constru cted 7. Pogradec Anaerobic Pond Trickling filter wetlands, wetlands Chlorination Mechanical greed, Polish pond, 8. Korçë Automatic greed Aerated Lagoon Aerated lagoon Constructed Chlorination Sand remo al tl d DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS

TOWN SUPPORTED Cost POPULATION STATUS

15. Elemen tary sch oo l NtNarte, compltdleted, ALB/UNDP € 0.04 M 200 pupils Vlorë-rural area. 2007 16. SOS Village Tirana, houses and schools , (155 SoS all 225 inhabitant consttitruction over the world, we will turn ALB/GTZ € 0.05 M + 250 pupils 2009 it friendly with environemnt). Local authority 17. Prespa Village N/A 1000 villager design / Auleda constructed, 18. Industrial business Privat ALB € 0.01 M 60 worker 2004 Total Cost: €0.1M ELEMENTARY SCHOOL NARTË/VLORE SOS VILLAGE TIRANTIRANAA

•Septic tank with two rooms , •STP, •2 vertical filters, •1 horizontal filter, •storage of water treated for reuse, toilets or agriculture. •Sludge treatment with dry beds.

•One pump it is required SOS VILLAGE – TECHNOLOGY

Horizontal Filter bed

Layout design of SOS Village treatment plant.

Vertical Filter bed SOS VILLAGE – TREATMENT

Co-financed by: GTZ, Alb-gov 50,000 €

Tecn ol ogy: Constructed Wetlands Vertical and Horizontal Surface: today 550 m2 Served local authorities : SOS Children’s Village & Hermann Gmeiner School ItiIn operation: 2009-2019 Water characteristic : Wastewater Population equivalent : 2010 500 Inhabitants Quantity: Flow 17 m3/day Influent and effluent characteristics : Influent: DBO 300 mg/l Effluent: DBO 25 mg/l MES 400 mg/l MES 35 mg/l COD 600 mg/l COD 35 mg/l NT 60 mg/l NT 10 mg/l PT 10 mg/l PT 2/l2 mg/l CHALLENGES FOR A AFFORDABLE TARIFF

Make profits from the Effluent ?!

Classical WWTPWWTP:: Modern timetime:: Discharge: water body. Reused: irrigation, toilets, industrial zones, aquifer recharges , UseUse:: environmental recreation water zoneszones,, Production: P agriculture “food”. CHALLENGES FOR AN AFFORDABLE TARIFF

Mak e pro fits f rom th e ttdld?!treated sludge?!

Classical WWTPWWTP:: Modern timetime:: Landfill Deposit Use: agriculture, construction, ProductionProduction:: electric energyenergy,, ProductionProduction:: biobio--fuelfuel==“0”“0” emissions, KnowledgeKnowledge//EducationEducation:: WaterWater,, Health, Economy.

Sludge is my business! and THANK YOU FALEMINDERIT