Hunting Justice Maria Sapignoli Index More Information Www

Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-64212-2 — Hunting Justice Maria Sapignoli Index More Information

INDEX

Aborigines Protection Society, 82 Anaya, James, 118, 306, 312, 313 access to justice, 247–50 Angola, 171, 349 accountability, 3, 105, 114, 138, 264 animal conservationist, 235 FPK, 139, 140, 143 answering affidavit, 291 NGOs, 145, 338 antelopes, 36, 45 activism. See also advocacy anthropologists, 7, 15, 25, 36, 37, 92, 102, Ghanzi farms, 101–7 161, 294, 329 legal, 1, 6, 12, 307, 328, 346 FPK activities, 125, 135 through the organization, 142 Namibia, 306 youth, 107, 135, 147, 148, 178, 330 recognition of representation, 28 advocacy Sesana case, 221, 224, 229, 230, 241, anthropology, 17 245 circus, 342 as witnesses, 221, 230, 241 human rights, 108, 337 anthropology, 8, 17, 27, 28, 118, 221, 222, humanitarian, 83 224 indigenous, 8, 9, 22, 111, 164, 165 engaged, 25 legal, 25, 271, 328 anti-slavery, 82–8, 92 NGO, 7, 117, 146, 149, 150, 153, 214, Anti-Slavery Society, 92 253, 301, 320, 343 Apartheid, 16, 52, 94, 173, 274 organizations, 110 applicant list, 278, 334, 335, 337, 344 political, 260, 317, 319 families, 262–5, 273, 297 San, 113, 117, 119, 120–4 gate, 262–4, 269, 272, 295 Affirmative Action Framework, 97, 198 magic, 264 African Caucus, 179, 180, 189, 192 permit, 253, 259, 262, 263, 267, 293, 294, African Commission on Human and Peoples’ 299 Rights (ACHPR), 25, 169, 170, 249, 309 Sesana case, 215–19 criticism of Botswana, 313 social life, 261–5 impact, 171 technology, 215, 334, 335 African Court, 310, 326 Army Corps of Engineers, 332 African Union, 238 arrests, 46, 54, 60, 63, 155, 255, 273, 325, African Union Working Group on Indigenous 333, 350 Populations (AWGIP), 169 entrance, 5, 262, 263, 294, 296, 297–301, advisory opinion, 170 309, 134 Afrikaner Volksfront, 173 Gakelebone, 131 Afrikaners, 78, 92, 173 hunting, 39, 46–8, 67, 265, 266, 279, 290, after judgment, 12, 31, 32, 215, 328, 336 299, 300, 301, 323 agriculture, 93, 94, 120, 149, 222, 233 Sesana, 131, 323 AIDS. See HIV/AIDS Asia, 23, 24, 165, 167, 168, 171, 173, 311 Albertson, Arthur, 134, 153, 223, 224, 239, Attorney General, 210, 211, 153, 169, 257 377 alcohol, 67, 68, 95, 96, 135, 148, 150, Australia, 160, 166, 167, 168, 250, 293, 302, 238 336, 346 Alexander, Kathleen, 226, 233 Aboriginal peoples, 137, 162, 248 American Anthropological Association, aboriginal title, 220, 245, 289 168 Permaculture, 117

397

INDEX

autonomy, 38, 87, 138, 148, 165, 173, 176 bolata (serf, sing. malata.), 71, 73–7, 83, 86, NGOs, 112, 116 89, 108, 330, 351 San people, 121 Bolivia, 25, 197 boreholes, 5–7, 33–6, 49, 50, 58, 61, 62, 94, Bangwaketse, 79 213, 231, 257, 283, 284, 290–3, 303–5 Bakgalagadi, 74–6, 82, 107, 147, 261, 265, Gem, 283 268, 302, 313, 321, 345 Ghanzi District Council, 305 and CKGR, 4, 7, 27, 33–5, 41, 50, 53, 56, Molapo, 293 59, 123, 130, 134, 141, 152, 237, 254–7, Mothomelo, 61, 213, 293 342 Ranyane, 304–5 in court, 212, 213, 219, 220, 222, 239, 241, remote area dweller settlements, 94 248, 290, 334, 337 sealed, 61, 62 relationship with San, 41–3, 250, 335 usage, 292 removal, 57, 61, 80, 297 wildlife, 257 witnesses, 225, 244 Xade, 46, 58 Bakwena, 38, 79, 243 botho, 49, 93 balance of convenience, 340 Botshilwane, Tshokodiso, 238 Balopi Commission, 109, 110 Botswana. See also Pilane, Sidney; lawyers, Bamangwato, 38, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88 government Masarwa Commission, 86 Affirmative Action Framework, 97 Ban Ki Moon, 159, 205 authoritarian liberalism, 114 Bangladesh, 317 Centre for Human Rights, 60 Bantu, 73, 102, 108, 110 Court of Appeal, 6, 211, 292, 296, 305 Barnard, Alan, 14 development of civil society, 114 Barrow, John, 83 FPK as first indigenous NGO, 116 Basarwa, 2, 34, 70, 71, 73, 78, 85, 93, 94, 96, government contesting collective rights, 102–4, 106, 110, 122, 141, 147, 153, 338 227–30, 239, 244, 284, 291, 292, 298, government incentives to relocate, 59 312, 314–16, 319, 329, 343 government reaction to Sesana case, 253 BBC, 154, 239, 256 identity cards, 226 Bechuanaland Protectorate, 36, 38, 39, 78, immigration ban, 260 80, 82, 83, 88, 92, 221 independence, 88–92 belonging. See sense of belonging Internet access, 187 Bennett, Gordon, 134, 211, 212, 221, 235, Ministry of Home Affairs, 91 238, 244, 271, 275–7, 290, 295, 303, 304 National Settlement Policy, 97 apology, 240 Negotiating Team relations, 141 ban on entry, 259, 269, 276, 295, 304 Office of the President, 57 consultations with Roy Sesana, 275 Parliament, 58, 92, 108, 121, 256, 280, cross examination, 239 299, 321 healer, 275, 276 political system, 318 media awareness, 241 postcolonial period, 89 Ranyane case, 303 reaction to UN report, 314 reaction to verdict, 242, 254 removal of San and Bakgalagadi, 57–63 Sesana case, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218, 219, transition from Bechuanaland Protectorate, 222, 228, 229 88 trust, 275–7 Tribal Grazing Land Policy, 99 water case, 269, 290, 295 Tribal Land Act, 97 Bere, 93 UNDRIP opposition, 197 BHP, 289, 346 Botswana Congress Party (BCP), 319 Bigfoot Safaris, 280 Botswana Constitution, 40, 88–90, 107, 108, biopiracy, 203 210, 216, 219, 220, 227, 244, 268, 270, Bjerre, Jens, 137 300 Bogosi Act, 110 Bushmen definition, 227 bodily sense of justice, 274 Botswana Council of Churches (BCC), 117 boipelego (self-reliance), 93 Botswana Defence Force (BDF), 60, 294 Boko, Duma, 211, 295, 320, 342 Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), 88, 90, 318

398

INDEX

Botswana High Court, 4, 25, 26, 63, 110, 124, capacity building, 143 125, 131, 134, 142, 193, 209–14, 242, capitalism, 14, 20 243, 246, 254, 261, 275, 278, 290, 291, Carroll, Barbara, 114 295–7, 303–8, 310, 316, 326, 343, 345 Carroll, Terrance, 114 Particulars of Claim, 209 cattle, 15, 30, 41, 45, 72, 75, 76, 83, 87, 88, Botswana Khwedom Council, 16, 117, 140, 90, 94, 184, 188 147, 155, 303 abuses by owners, 86, 100, 104, 126 elections, 321 Bushmen problem, 94 Keikabile Mogodu statement, 312 culture, 76, 193 Botswana Land Act, 340 economy, 29, 72, 87, 90 Botswana Meat Commission, 104 expansion of grazing, 37, 52, 64, 100, 126 Botswana Movement for Democracy (BDM), govenment allocation, 59, 67, 69 317 Granzi farms, 80 Botswana National Front (BNF), 129, 135, industry, 30, 93, 144 211, 295, 317, 319 loss, 69 Botswana People’s Party (BPP), 317 New Xade, 67 Botswana Police Service, 149, 298 San people, 75 Botswana Water Act, 292 thefts, 85, 86 Boustany, Nora, 127 Caucus, 159, 160, 179–83, 186, 192. See also bow and arrow, 222, 259, 294 African Caucus; Global Caucus; San Brazil, 341 Caucus British Protectorate, 5, 29, 78–82. See also cautious overlordship, 78 Bechuanaland Protectorate census, 39, 111 Broekhuis, Jan, 235, 236 Central Sahara, 176 Browne, Jackson, 25, 239 Centre for Development Research, 161 bureaucracy, 11, 89, 91, 138, 139 Central Kalahari Game Reserve. See also bureaucratic legible, 186 arrests, Bakgalagadi; Bakgalagadi, removal; Bushmen boreholes, campaigns; conservation, min- anthropology definition, 221 ing; NGOs; San; San, removal definition under Botswana Constitution, borders, 37, 44, 79, 223, 224 220, 227 creation, 36, 37 identity, 246 Draft Management Plan, 53, 54, 153, no longer authentic, 233 253 Bushmen Development Officer (BDO), 92, 102 Fact Finding Mission, 51, 55 Bushmen Development Programme (BDP), gate, 5, 33, 257, 262–4, 269, 272, 285, 291, 90, 93, 94, 102 294, 295, 321 Bushmen Problem, 36, 71, 84, 88, 91, 94, legal cases. See Gaoberekwe case; Ithutseng 126, 331 case; Mosetlhanyane case; Negotiating Bushmen Survey Officer, 37 Team; negotiations; Sesana case; verdict people’s movements, 45, 49, 264 campaigns, 1–4, 7, 8, 11, 18, 19, 32, 82, 83, Champions of San, 94 110, 113, 253, 280, 282, 317, 320, 333, Charles (Prince of Wales), 137, 239 337. See also justice campaign Chennells Albertyn, 209 activist, 4, 19, 31, 144, 287, 345 Chennells Roger, 210, 212 indigenous, 8, 57, 71, 128, 195, 204, 310 Chieftainship Act, 89, 107, 110 international, 192, 343 Childers, Gary, 93 justice, 1–4, 7, 18, 19, 26, 31, 113, 164, children, 2, 14, 41–3, 49, 50, 59, 61, 68, 73, 241, 252, 253, 256, 284, 287, 288, 306, 87, 93, 96, 120, 140, 151, 213, 234, 253, 314, 327, 328, 331, 332, 334, 337, 338, 257, 262–7, 274, 284, 291 340, 342, 344, 346, 347 Chobe National Park, 64 media, 11, 63, 237, 239 Christian ethic, 119 multi-strategy, 108 Climate Change Conference, COP 21, 309 Survival International, 32, 54, 131, 142, class action, 306, 307 150–4, 192, 238, 343 clinics, 67, 94, 96, 212, 264 Campbell, Alec, 39 access, 308 Canada, 25, 129, 130, 135, 166, 197, 289, mobile, 305, 324 315, 327 scarcity, 273, 274

399

INDEX

coercive conservation, 193 cultural justification, 215 Coke Bottle in the Kalahari Syndrome, 330 cultural sameness, 146 Colchester, Marcus, 149 Cultural Survival, 116 collaboration, 2, 6, 8, 109, 143, 149, 174, 182, cultural tourism, 52 186, 187, 328 Cumming, Gordon, 73 collective action, 10, 11, 65 collective claimants, 12, 251 Danish International Development collective rights, 22, 29, 108, 199, 254, 257, Agency, 138 331, 338 Datta and Murray, 76 colonial period, 3, 23, 36, 80, 81 De Beers, 55, 150, 151, 191, 192, 282, 283 Columbia University, 317 Debswana, 55, 56 Comaroff and Comaroff, 11, 325, 341 decolonization, 71, 94, 102, 168 Committee against Torture, 247 dehumanization, 57, 69 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Denmark, 25, 164, 315 Discrimination, 314 Department of Wildlife and National Parks communal service centers, 98, 99, 100 (DWNP), 53, 54, 60, 233, 236, 254, 291, Community Based Natural Resource 293, 298 Management (CBNRM), 99, 258, 279, management plan, 53, 54, 99, 209, 153, 280, 281, 297, 311 223, 235, 236, 257, 258, 279, 297 community development, 49, 272 regulation of hunting, 46, 47, 48, 99, 300 community facilitator, 261, 323 road maintenance, 58 community trusts, 99, 158, 279, 280, 311 support for people in Central Kalahari, 59 Community Use Zones, 54, 153, 258 torture, 130 compensation, 34, 59, 64, 232, 258, 283, 288, tourism, 51 289, 290 trial testimony, 235 cattle loss, 69 water drilling, 292 hoodia case, 203 wildlife study, 45 President Khama, 90 depoliticization, 11, 340, 341 computer literacy, 147, 148, 175, 188 descendant tenure holders, 43 conflicts, 16, 68, 83, 118, 120, 145, 301, 317, Destitutes Policy, 49 325 development opportunities, 52 confrontational approach, 194, 317 devil’s claw plant, 202 Congo, 198 diamonds, 6, 54, 55, 56, 72, 150, 152, 181, consensus building, 148 192, 240, 256, 257, 282–4, 292, 309, conservation as motive for removal, 51–4 332 conservationism, 235 justification for removal, 151, 152 consultation, 13, 34, 53, 77, 114, 141, 179, Diaz, Augusto Willemsen, 115 201, 202, 210, 225, 235–7, 258, 259, 275, Dibotelo (Justice), 210, 211, 217, 242, 243 277, 278, 298, 304, 311, 149, 350 Dieckmann, Ute, 306 consultative committee, 261 dikgosi (chiefs), 54, 74, 75, 77, 79, 85, 89, consumer boycotts, 237 109 continuity, 3, 23, 88, 219, 221, 225, 227, 247, diplomacy, 31, 158, 181, 188, 196, 308 266 direct action strategies, 237 Convention on Biological Diversity, 202 discrimination, 124, 284 co-optation, 32, 75, 77, 146, 165, 321, 323, displacement, 1, 25, 30, 65, 66, 72, 94, 96, 324, 343. See also co-option 102, 134, 144, 146, 164, 168, 191, 192, co-option, 75, 288, 320. See also co-optation 201, 249, 302, 328, 331, 340. See also copper mining, 282 relocation corporal punishment, 84, 85, 86 dispossession, 278–80 Corry, Stephen, 236 Ditshwanelo, 152, 155, 214, 255, 314. See also Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Centre for Human Rights 202 fact-finding mission to Ranyane, 303 counter-hegemony, 327, 344, 346 monitoring, 303 Cree, 289, 327. See also James Bay Crees D’kar, 105, 120 Crown Lands, 79, 80, 248 center of activism, 27, 104, 117, 119 cultural expression, 18, 200 FPK, 146 cultural genocide, 152, 191, 193 headman appointment, 105

400

INDEX

leadership, 147 Facebook, 69, 148, 179, 187, 287, 309 resettlement, 67 factionalism, 147, 321, 324 San Youth Network, 148 factual witnesses, 225, 232, 233 site of legal action workshop, 208 family breakdown, 148 doctrine of continuity, 220 farming, 80, 92, 105 documents, 5, 7, 13, 34, 180, 181, 184, 217, fatalism, 270, 271, 346 277 Fauna Conservation Proclamation, 37 dogs, 34, 50, 53, 298 Festus, Baba, 193 Dongria Kondh, 260 fiction of the non political, 265, 343 donors, 2, 11, 20, 30, 94, 112, 115, 116, 123, filter bubble, 148 137, 139, 142, 147, 154, 156, 147, 160, first comers, 23, 27, 166, 178, 249 176, 200, 204, 205, 215, 247, 252, 277, First Conference of Indigenous Peoples from 327, 328, 334, 339, 342, 343 Central, Eastern, Southern Africa, 169 double translation, 232 First Development Areas, 99 Dow, Unity, 229, 234, 244, 271, 272, 274 first inhabitants, 170, 344 dry season, 41, 291 First People of the Kalahari (FPK), 4, 15, 60, Durham, Deborah, 115 62, 116, 117, 118, 122, 141, 156, 162, Dutch Reformed Church, 119 216, 282 Duxee, Xoroxloo, 149, 309 accountability, 145 activism, 123, 124, 118–24 East Hanahai, 95 African indigenous movement, 172 Eastern Group, 60 aftermath, 156–8 Eckert, Julia, 341 agenda, 146 ecologists, 45, 46, 51, 52 detachment from other NGOs, 148 Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), equal gender representation, 140 21, 22, 175, 177, 355 establishment, 115, 121, 137 economic diversification, 54 and IWGIA, 137–42 economic justice, 331 leadership, 123 ecotourism, 52, 200 loss of support, 154, 155 egalitarianism, 13, 128, 144 origins, 122, 123 election, 32, 136, 141, 143, 244, 318, 320, post-mortem, 154, 156 321 strategies, 163, 178, 183, 194 elephants, 38, 65, 258 Survival International collaboration, emotion, 5, 164, 181, 186, 258, 275, 277 148–54 Endorois case, 249, 250, 310 in the UN, 193, 194 Entrance case, 293–6. See also Ithutseng case First Peoples Worldwide, 116, 126, 137, 156, entrance restriction, 263, 293, 294 293 equal citizenship, 29, 272, 333 Firth, Colin, 25, 151 equitable distribution, 103, 158 Fly River, 249 essentialism, 215 food rations, 49, 200, 220, 264 ethics, 3, 37, 65, 113, 130, 277 food security, 18, 200, 298, 335, 336 ethnic subordination, 78 foragers, 13, 95 ethnically blind policy, 105 Forest Peoples Programme, 116 ethnocartography technologies, 134, 223 fortress conservation, 52, 337 ethnogenesis, 107, 321 founding affidavit, 290 ethnography, 8, 9, 27, 32 fracking, 282, 309 ethnopolitics, 321 Fraser, Nancy, 17, 18, 200, 336 Etosha case, 306–7 Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), 19, European Settlers, 23, 80, 86, 92, 120, 173 22, 191, 201 European Union, 154, 164, 238 adoption by IFAD and FAO, 20 Expert Mechanism on the Rights of international law, 202 Indigenous Peoples (EMRIP), 175, 178 standards, 204 expert witness, 134, 142, 221, 223, 224, 226, freehold, 38, 80, 99, 100, 101 231, 236, 245, 257 expertise, 10, 22, 112, 140, 143, 144, 147, Gaborone, 26, 59, 80, 105, 121, 123, 141, 155, 165, 174, 178, 186, 187, 200, 225, 197, 234, 259, 293, 294, 299, 305, 312, 252, 314, 328, 336, 341 322, 323

401

INDEX

Gakelebone, Jumanda, 4 removal, 63, 290, 294, 296, 297, 298 biography, 132–7 source of food, 243 Columbia University meeting, 317 Good, Kenneth, 260 discrimination against, 124 Goodale, Mark, 8, 20 election as councilor, 133, 136, 300, 317, Gope, 55, 58, 60, 151, 282, 283 320 government services, 17, 18, 51, 254, 261, Entrance case, 293 322, 337 Gakelebone, FPK, 124–5, 137, 238 access, 199, 200, 328, 336 media coverage, 238, 301 grass-roots efforts, 21, 115, 116, 125, 160, 206 PFII relations, 159, 193, 205 gravesites, 228, 229, 234, 272, 283, 335 politician, 317 Great Britain, 78, 82, 136 statement on UN, 205 Bamangwato, 85 view on leadership role, 125 Botswana embassy, 151 Game Law Amendment Act, 38 John Hardbattle, 124 game scouts, 6, 47, 48, 49, 60, 65, 131, 256, report from Anti-Slavery Society, 92 257, 262, 294 Groot Laagte, 146 G//ana, 41–3, 96, 121, 123, 129, 135, 140, Guenther, Mathias, 80, 102, 105 209, 225, 232, 350, 354, 359 Gugamma, 27, 38, 49, 293 Gaoberekwe, Nare, 300 G/ui, 41–3, 96, 123, 140, 209, 225, 350 Gaoberekwe case, 298–301. See also hunting Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf. 76, 114 cases Gwayi Valley, 65 gatekeepers, 173, 175, 183 Gellner, Hausner, and Letizia, 71 Hale, Charles, 27 Gem Diamonds, 55, 151, 282, 283, 292 harassment, 59, 150, 183, 265, 271, 309 gender equity, 244 Hardbattle, John, 71, 106, 121, 122, 124 gender representation, 140, 186 biography, 125–9 Geneva, 128, 140, 161, 163, 164, 171, 178, discrimination against, 124 183, 185, 192, 313, 356, 357 example of indigenous activist, 136 genocide. See cultural genocide fundraising and UN relations, 163, 164 German South West Africa, 80 opposition, 234 Germans, 80, 92 qualities, 144 Germany, 78, 126, 135, 316 statement on bringing grievances, 162 gestures, 42, 95, 226, 234, 268 statement on hunting ethics, 130 gathering soil, 229 statement on leadership, 143 Ghanzi District, 117 Hastrup, Kirsten, 267 community trust areas, 279 headman/headwoman, 48, 49, 58, 103, 106, education, 93 130, 157, 299 oppression, 302 appointment, 96, 105 Ranyane case, 302 Heart of Dryness, 260 remote area settlements, 95 Heebe case, 305. See also Ranyane case subsistence hunting, 300 hegemony, 3, 11, 253, 296, 305, 340, 344–6, 347 Ghanzi District Commissioner, 58, 60, 105, Herero, 14, 76, 110, 188, 302 233, 303 Hirschl, Ran, 9 Ghanzi District Council, 47, 50, 103, 125, Hitchcock, Robert, 91, 125, 149, 303, 306 209, 261, 281, 303, 304, 305, 322, 320 HIV/AIDS, 69, 138, 148, 150, 238, 273 Ghanzi farms, 80, 91, 92, 93, 98, 120, 144 Hiveluah, Ulitala, 162 activisim, 101–7 Hollywood, 150, 239 John Hardbattle association, 126 Honneth, Axel, 17 Ghanzi revival, 107 Hoodia case, 191, 202, 203, 204 ghosts of the past, 71–2 hoodia plant, 202, 203 giraffes, 38, 45, 48 hope, 1, 7, 69, 90, 99, 109, 156, 159, 166, 181, Global Caucus, 179 182, 194, 232, 248, 257, 266, 272, 275, globalized indigenous spokespeople, 136 276, 277, 282–4, 302, 323, 325–7, 346 goats, 34, 41, 42, 45, 50, 67 horses, 6, 14, 42, 50, 53, 67, 263 government allocation, 49, 59 expansion, 45 loss, 69 removal, 294 prohibition, 263 House of Chiefs, 89, 108, 109, 119, 121, 244

402

INDEX

Human Rights, 24, 111, 112, 118, 153–6, 165, indigenous identity, 17, 111, 128, 136, 162, 166, 170, 204, 205, 248, 267, 288, 292, 167, 184 338, 339, 345 economic strategy, 200 Advocacy, 7, 8, 108, 117, 136, 164, 177, legal indigenous, 20 253, 294, 320, 337 Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Awareness, 138, 139 Committee (IPACC), 22, 116, 171, 176, Compliance, 197 180, 192 Reporting, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199–201, indigenous populations, 21, 168, 170, 171 308, 310, 313–17 indigenous slot, 160, 345 Special Rapporteur, 198 indigenous spokespersons, 124–5, 175 UN forums, 21–3, 177, 313 indigenous to indigenous collaboration, 143 Violations, 6, 27, 47, 66, 126, 186, 287, indigenousness, 23 310, 319 infrastructure, 48, 87, 94, 96, 115, 175, 254, Human Rights Committee, 313 256, 340 hunter-gatherers, 13, 15, 16, 17, 25, 37, 41, remote area dweller settlements, 94 98, 101, 102 injustice in everyday, 285, 317, 327 scholarly interest, 118 Instagram, 179 hunting, 46, 152. See also arrests; CKGR; institutionalization of the movement, 120 Special Game Licenses (SGL); Intellectual Property Rights, 191, 202–4, 357 subsistence hunting integration, 93, 103, 104, 227, 233 hunting ban, 279, 299, 300, 323, 325 Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 250 hunting regulations, 38, 37, 47 International Covenant on Economic, Social Hunting cases, 298–301 and Cultural Rights, 292 Hwange National Park, 65 International Fund for Agricultural Hydro Québec, 289 Development (IFAD), 174, 202 hydro-electric development, 289 International Labour Organization (ILO), 21, hyperpoliticization, 12, 328 107, 140, 169, 178 hypocrisy, 193 ILO 107, 21 ILO 169, 21 Iman Mohamed Abulmajid, 150 international law imperialistic attitudes, 173 designation of indigenous peoples, 110 in loco inspection, 212, 266, 271, 278 use by NGOs, 204 Independent Commission on International International NGO Conference on Humanitarian Issues, 23 Discrimination against Indigenous India, 260 Populations in the Americas, 167 Indian problem, 331 international support, 108, 137, 247 indigeneity, 19, 24, 25, 110, 111, 124 International Work Group for Indigenous ACHPR, 249 Affairs (IWGIA), 24, 116, 126, 137–9, in Botswana, 160 161, 171, 176. See also First People of the claims, 184, 198 Kalahari; United Nations debate, 7, 16, 24, 125, 222, 250 advice and funds for litigation, 142 formation, 128 capital funding, 142 international forums, 15 litigation, 327 introduction in Africa, 166–74 support for indigenous delegates from language, 134, 156 Africa, 169 litigation, 250 UN delegates, 161 NGO advocacy, 118 intervention, 153, 159, 177, 180, 185, 192, UN relations, 23, 161, 163 198. See also statements indigenous activism, 19, 30, 334 Botswana Minister of Local Government, media, 147 311 NGOs, 113 diplomats, 199 strategies, 319 FPK, 157 UN, 177, 205, 308 NGOs, 161, 314 indigenous concept in Africa, 170–1 Permanent Forum, 308 indigenous elite, 30, 178, 187, 190 San people, 199 indigenous empowerment, 322 UN, 333 indigenous idea, 15 UN delegates, 181, 182

403

INDEX

Isaacson, Rupert, 239 Kaudwane, 6, 27, 35, 54, 58, 134, 141, 237, isolation, 14, 29, 44, 77, 188, 199, 274 258, 279, 291 imposed by government, 296 Community Use Zones, 258 long history, 330 hunting cases, 298, 299 need for international collaboration, 176 illness and mortality rates, 68 new sense, 253 social relationships, 264, 265 Ithutseng case, 393–6. See also Entrance case water source, 6, 291 Kelapaile, Tabona, 237 James Bay Crees, 289, 327 Kelly, Tobias, 247 Japan, 315 Kent, Susan, 14 Jerlings family, 119 Kenya, 169 Johannes, Aron, 128, 162, 353 Kgalagadi District Council, 237 Jolie, Angelina, 239 Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, 303 Joram /Useb, 191, 193 Kgeikani Kweni, 122, 134 journalists, 104, 135, 154, 205, 241, 260, 294, K’gosekane, 58 329 kgotla (pl. dikgotla) deportation, 255 Community Trusts, 280 Roy Sesana relations, 240 description, 77 Joyce, J. W., 85, 86, 87 jurisdiction, 86, 267 Judge Masarwa people, 85, 87 Dibotelo, 210, 211, 242, 243 meetings in the CKGR, 57 Dow, 229, 234, 244, 246, 271, 272, 357 Ranyane, 303 Moroka, 303 Remote Area Development Programme, 49 Phumaphi, 240, 245 Remote Area Dweller settlements, 94, Ramodibedi, 292 96 Tafa, 298 San people, 102, 103 Walia, 291, 295, 296 space erected in New Xade, 67 judicialization, 9, 288, 295, 343 Xade meetings, 58, 60 juridification, 9, 10, 11, 32, 113, 270 Khama, Ian, 90, 255, 256, 260, 281 application to the San people, 340 Khama, Seretse, 88, 89, 90, 255 indigenoues rights, 12 Khama, Tshekedi, 281 of politics, 11, 248 Khoekhoe, 83, 183, 359 in practice, 270 Khoi, 163, 184, 355, 356 social justice activism, 344 ǂKhomani, 183, 193 tool of activism, 341, 342 Khwe people, 128, 138 justice campaign, 2, 18, 25, 31, 328, 331, 332, Kiema, Kuela, 60, 225, 283 334, 337. See also Campaigns Kikao, 38, 47, 49, 60, 61, 269, 290, 291 outside the CKGR, 306 Kilo, Gaolikwe, 48, 130 post Sesana case, 256 kinship, 41, 43, 44, 147 San people, 338, 344 Kirsch, Stuart, 113, 249, 289, 346 speheres of influence, 344 Komtsha Komtsha, 126 UN lobbying, 164 Kua, 41, 90, 172, 320, 330, 346 justice in the everyday, 8, 274 Kuke, 45, 67, 146, 283 Ju/’hoansi, 64, 123, 188, 189, 190 Kuper, Adam, 16 Kuru, 50, 150, 117, 119, 121–3, 147, 148, 152, Kahn, Rahim, 47, 210 155, 163, 353, 354, 355, 358. See also Kalahari Conservation Society, 45, 46, 53 Kuru Development Trust; Kuru Family Kalahari debate, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 168, 222 Organizations Kalahari Peoples Fund, 117, 123, 126, 137, Activist, 105 239 On the CKGR, 215, 255 Kalahari Plains Camp, 281 Kuru Development Trust (KDT), 117, 120, Kalahari Plains Camp of Wilderness Safaris, 123, 146, 163 152 establishment, 105 Kalanga, 14, 74, 76, 80, 89, 91, 110, 245 Kuru Family Organizations (KFO), 105, 119, elite, 89, 245 120, 148 Kamanakao Association, 108, 109, 110 Kwandu Safaris, 280 Kamanakao case, 110 Kwelagobe, Daniel, 141

404

INDEX

Kweneng District, 34, 38, 39, 49, 125 Livestock cases, 296–8 site of relocation, 58 Lobatse High Court, 242. See also Botswana support for people in Central Kalahari, 209 High Court Kxao Moses=Oma, 171 Lock, Margaret, 156 Kxao Royal, Ui/O/oo, 189 London Missionary Society, 83 Lord Athlone, 83 Lake Bogoria Game Reserve, 249 Luling, Virginia, 149 Land is Life, 116 Lynch, Gabrielle, 250 language recognition, 111 Lasso, José Ayala, 164 Maasai, 25, 160, 167, 169, 180 law Mabo case, 245, 250, 302 actionable, 201, 207 mafisa, 76, 77, 81 in the everyday, 12, 13, 251, 252, 267, 335, Magistrate Court, 262, 325 341 Mali, 198 generative, 10, 252, 328 Malibu, California, 145 oppressive power, 328, 252 Mamdani, Mahmood, 10 law and politics, 286–8 Manxotae, 147 lawfare, 11, 248, 325, 340, 341 maps, 223, 224, 257 lawyers, applicants, 131, 134, 153, 209, marginalization, 135 210–14, 217, 219, 220, 225, 226, colonialism, 168 227, 239, 245, 259, 269, 270, 279 condition, 64, 72, 165, 327 lawyers, government, 52, 210, 211, 212, 217, forms, 177 222, 225–9, 231, 233, 234, 240, 246, 298. legal and political, 102, 167 See also Pilane, Sidney oppression, 18, 334 League of Nations, 82, 83 transformation, 330 legal activism, 1, 6, 12, 307, 328, 346 worldwide connections, 148 Legal Assistance Centre of Namibia, 306 marginalized communities, 91, 113, 177, 197, legal cultures, 8 280 legal subjects, 2, 7, 9–11, 31, 215, 249, 339–41 Marshall, John, 188 legal technology, 31, 340 Martinez, Alfonso, 168 legality from below, 252, 328 Martinez-Cobo, José, 172 LeRoux, Braam, 121 Masarwa Commission, 74, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, Li, Tania, 166 91 lions, 35, 36, 61, 75, 76, 130, 162, 320 Masire, Ketumile, 141 literacy skills, 96, 148, 188, 216, 265, 270 Masire, Quett, 90 litigation, normalization of, 286 Matlhare, Joseph, 236 litigation as a tool, 248–50 Mbukushu, 64, 76 litigation chain, 266, 287, 289, 296, 301, 325, media. See also advocacy, circus 327 campaigns, 11, 63, 237, 239 impact, 328 Hunting cases, 300 San people, 337, 345 Jumanda Gakelebone, 135 social justice activism, 325 Sesana case, 237–42, 343 litigation effect, 249 Standing Rock protest, 332 litigation entrenchment, 289 Menoautse, 133 litigation fatigue, 289 Mercier, Kali, 242 livestock, 14, 46, 59, 61, 69, 75, 77, 99, 120, Merry, Sally Engle, 164, 205, 206, 215, 251 222, 233, 254, 273 Metseamonong, 4, 27, 47, 49, 60, 61, 123, Bakgalagadi, 41 133, 265, 269, 270, 273, 278, 293, 298, death, 293 300, 309, 322 expansion, 98 water supply, 293 lack of water, 6, 303 Western Group, 60 land usage, 80 mining, 284. See also Survival International management, 76 BHP, 346 prohibition, 263 boreholes, 62 removal and disease, 296, 298 copper, 282 theft, 86 development, 153, 281, 285, 289 uncertainty of future industry, 101 diamonds, 72, 152, 191, 192

405

INDEX

mining (cont.) Namibia, 25, 84, 117, 162, 163, 166, 168, 171, employment, 283 176, 178, 185 justice campaign, 337 Etosha case, 306–7 licenses, 53 Hai//om, 65, 172, 183, 191, 306, 307 motive for relocation, 54–7 High Court, 188 threat to conservation, 52 San Development Office, 176, 188, 189 Minister of Local Government, Lands, and San people treatment, 189 Housing (MLGLH), 34, 49, 58, 102, 106, UN statement, 191 141, 149, 304, 310, 311 UNDRIP opposition, 197 Ministry of Wildlife, Environment, and Naro, 120, 123, 125, 140, 146, 231, 283, 291, Tourism office (MWET), 53, 235, 262 295, 296, 302 minorities, 107–11 National Geographic, 239 Minority Rights Group, 116, 314 National Settlement Policy, 97 misframing, 18 nationalism, 10, 16, 81, 88, 110, 243 missionaries, 82, 83, 104, 119 Native Americans, 137, 162, 183 Mmakgomo case, 302–5. See also Ranyane case Negotiating Team, 53, 132, 153, 214, 215, Mmopelwa, Trevor, 291 236, 255 mobility, 41, 75, 89, 231, 244, 264, 298, 345 division, 208 modernizers, 144 legal action, 131, 209 Moeti, Smith, 309 meetings, 210 Moffatt, John Smith, 82 purpose, 141 Mogae, Festus, 90, 150, 255, 280 negotiations, 345, 347 Mogodu, Keikabile, 312 After Sesana case, 253–61, 268, 269, 276, Mogwe, Alice, 110, 153 287, 308, 313, 315, 322, 324, 325, 334, Mohr, Edward, 73 336, 345 Molapo, 5, 27, 36, 38, 48, 49, 51, 60, 129, Before Sesana case, 31, 53, 54, 99, 131, 132, 130, 132, 150, 212, 230, 265, 281, 293 141, 142, 153, 157, 192, 208, 209, 214, birthplace of Ray Sesana, 129 223, 235 borehole, 293 Nepal, 71 community planning, 257, 258 Nettleton, 86 Entrance case, 293 networking, 30, 147, 148, 167, 177, 178, 182, gravesite, 228 183, 185, 188, 200, 206, 253, 264, 309, livestock, 297, 298 329 return to village, 272 New Xade, 4, 27, 35, 47, 48, 54, 58, 59, 66–69, service by Roy Sesana, 132 96, 132, 133, 134, 136, 141, 147, 213, 225, torture, 60 230, 258, 264, 266, 270, 273, 278, 279, Mongwato, 74, 85 290, 297, 298, 301, 317, 322 monuments, 64 New York, 26, 174, 175, 177, 178, 183, 185, morafe (chiefdom, plur. merafe), 38, 73–8, 188, 192, 193, 308, 317 89, 321 New York Times, 154, 164 Moremi Game Reserve, 64 New Zealand, 160, 167, 168 Morris, James, 148 newspapers, 25, 135, 154, 187, 238, 239, 300, Morris, Job, 148, 308 324 Mosarwa, 74, 85, 87, 227, 244 Ngakaeaja, Mathambo, 128 Mosetlhanyane, Matsipane, 6, 7, 290, 299, Ngamiland, 105, 193, 279, 280, 282 300 NGOs Mothibamele, Leslie, 96 advocacy-oriented, 113 Mothomelo, 6 agendas, 146 borehole, 61, 213, 290, 293 autonomy, 116 torture, 60 demise, 156 water, 211, 291 donors, 116, 176 Motsetlhanyane case, 260, 290–3, 299, 300. gatekeeper roles, 175 See also water case horizontal organization, 113 Motube, Dipheko, 301 international collaboration, 176 Motzafi-Haller, Pnina, 81 leadership, 113 Moyn, Samuel, 165 Permanent Forum participation, 177 Mphusu, Haile, 283 proliferation, 112–16

406

INDEX

San people, 338 activism, 345 spectral presence, 265, 341 Botswana concerns, 193 use of international law, 204 description, 177–80 use of litigation, 248 establishment, 22 vertical organization, 113 final report, 195 Nicaragua, 248 First-comers, 178 Niezen, Ronald, 23 Gakelebone, Jumanda, 205 non-applicants, 262–4 indigenous elites, 178 non-traditional Bushman, 45 long-term indigenous delegates, 179, 182, North America, 23, 114, 162, 176 185 North Dakota Access pipeline, 332 meetings, 25, 159, 183, 185, 199, 203, 309 Northern Québec Agreement of 1975, 289, 327 observers, 177 Norway, 25, 164 participation by indigenous leaders, 188, Norwegian Agency for International 190 Development, 95, 143 participation cost, 197 Nyae Nyae Farmers Cooperative (Nyae Nyae politicization, 343 Conservancy), 171 Ranyane case, 304 Nyati-Ramahobo, Lydia, 109 Sesana case, 310 speaker list, 179 objects of law, 330 World Council of Churches, 179 Ogiek, 310, 339 writing statements, 180 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Pfizer, 203 Rights, 314, 315 pharmaceutical industry, 203, 204 Ok Tedi River, 249 Phumaphi, Mpaphi, 224, 240, 245 Okavango, 67, 184, 280 Phytopharm, 203 Olifantskloof, 87 Pilane, Sidney, 63, 217, 223, 237. See also Oliver-Smith, Anthony, 65 lawyers, government omangs (identity cards), 226, 253 anthropoligical evidence, 222, 224 Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa background, 211 (OSISA), 116, 176 closing arguments, 237 Open Society Institute, 137 complaints to judges, 239, 240 Operational Policy 4.10, 201 political interests, 342 oppression, 10, 22, 103, 150, 169, 249, 271, reaction to verdict, 234, 242 302 use of media, 241 indigenous status, 24 Pitt, Brad, 239 marginalization, 18, 334 Pityana, Barney, 169 Survival International, 301 place-based struggle, 6 use of litigation, 248 Plenty Canada, 117 violence of repetition, 196, 315, 333, 334 poaching, 48, 52, 110, 281, 299 oral history, 226 accusations, 300, 309, 323 Orapa, 55 hunting arrest, 39, 46, 47, 48, 67, 265, 266, Order in Council, 79 279, 290, 297, 298–301, 309, 323, 325, Ostrich Management Plan Policy, 46 333 hunting ban, 279, 299, 300, 323, 325 papers, 6, 7, 51, 98, 136, 190, 194, 202, 216, hunting rights, 301 228, 240, 262, 264, 265, 270, 271, 276, publicity campaign against, 269 295, 296, 300, 319, 345 punishment, 47, 280 Papua New Guinea, 289, 346 shoot to kill policy, 280 paradox, 38, 246 Zimbabwe, 65 Pariser, Eli, 148 political consciousness, 321 Parkipuny, Lazaro Moringe, 167, 319 politics of identity, 344 Permaculture Trust, 59 politics of shame, 308 Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues politics of time, 305 (PFII), 22, 176 poverty, 21, 94, 141, 234, 275, 331 12th Session, 308, 310 reduction, 138, 201, 333 15th Session, 310 San people, 148 accreditation, 174 Povinelli, Elizabeth, 166

407

INDEX

power of attorney, 295 generative, 196 predators, 35, 61, 69, 76 violence of, 196, 315, 333, 334 pre-emptive translation, 232 Representation, 18, 19, 72, 118, 123, 140, press releases, 150, 238 158, 165, 176, 180, 252. See also speaking Principal Remote Area Development Officer, for others 237 indigenous, 24, 115, 161, 175, 176, 180 prohibited immigrant, 121, 151, 255, 260 legal, 128, 208, 259, 269 Protectorate administration, 37, 38, 83, 92 political, 21, 72, 113, 121, 140, 185, 316, 317 Qabo, 146, 283, 308 San, 25, 106, 119, 127, 145, 158, 277, 336 Quebec, 289 reservoir, 35 Residents Committee, 255, 256, 260, 276, racial paternalism, 81 321 Rakops, 38, 47, 48, 293 resource management, 81, 163, 272 Ramahoko, Motsoko, 238 restitution, 2, 3, 18, 66, 123, 245, 335, 339 Rampadi, Mama, 140, 172 Reteng, 117 ranching. See cattle revisionist view, 14, 222 Ranyane, 62, 259 revolving leadership, 144 FPK involvement, 155 Rey, Charles Fernand, 79 Ranyane case, 302–6 ReZpect Our Water, 332 Ratshosa, Simon, 83, 86 rhetorical harm, 273 reciprocity, 43, 44, 113, 128, 275 Rhodes, Cecil John, 80, 92, 354, 335 recognition, 1, 8, 15–20, 23, 24, 30, 32, 72, rights talk, 206, 267 93, 108–10, 118, 122, 136, 142, 144, 165, Ruling, 242–4, 247, 249, 253, 267, 270, 271, 168, 184, 190, 195–7, 200, 246, 248, 297, 300, 304, 308, 314, 315, 316, 326. 249, 261, 274, 275, 292, 311, 316, 331, See also verdict 333, 336 redistribution, 2, 3, 17, 19, 200–5, 335, 339 Saami Council, 116, 137, 143 claims, 18 Saami people, 137, 167 ethics, 138 safaris, 52, 152, 281 limits, 336 Salajwe, 38, 47 obstacles, 336 Samson, Colin, 146 politics, 19 San Caucus, 180, 181, 187 sense of justice, 253 San movement, 21, 111, 113, 120, 124, redistributive justice, 17, 204, 205 129, 133, 134, 143, 145, 146, 149, 156, refugee camp, 271 158, 161, 167, 168, 174, 180, 189, 206, Rehoboth Baster Community, 173 317 relocation, 5, 9, 34, 35, 46, 52, 54–69, 124, San people 130, 134, 141, 142, 141, 152, 191, 192, discouse of the first people, 118 199, 209, 210, 212, 215–18, 225, 226, education, 187 231–8, 241, 244–6, 259, 264, 270, 277, emergent activism, 103, 104, 207 283, 284, 294, 297, 300, 303–5, 312, 314, human rights, 111 324, 340 hunting and gathering, 300 Remote Area Communities, 97, 197, 198, model for other indigenous rights 311, 312 claimants, 248 benefits, 199 relationship with Survival International, legal activism, 328 151 Sesana case, 233 removal, 57–63 UN meetings, 197 revolving leadership, 144 Remote Area Development Programme, 39, scholarly interest, 117 47, 48, 50, 56, 92, 94, 147, 149, 261 trust, 275–8 Remote Area Dwellers, 15, 94, 99, 121, 312, UN delegates, 184, 186, 194, 198 316, 333 youth activists, 148 Remote Area Settlements (RAS), 90, 95, San Studies Centre, 117 187, 219 San use of the web, 187, 188 remoteness, 200, 274, 344 San youth, 107, 120, 253 repetition, 195–200, 315 activists, 135, 147, 147, 148, 178, 330

408

INDEX

educated, 96, 119 FPK representative, 157 leaders, 119, 120, 190 gestures, 268 movement, 147 government employee, 321, 322, 323 national politics, 320 hired as Community Facilitator, 261 NGOs, 107, 155 media coverage, 238, 239, 240 spokesperson, 147, 330 meeting with Ian Khama, 256 San Youth Network, 148, 155, 187 Negotiating Team, 141 sanctions, 322 PFII relations, 193 Sandveld region, 90, 101, 193 reaction to verdict, 242 Saramaka people v Suriname, 250 reflections on case, 252 Sarwa status, 88 Right Livelihood Award, 131 Savage, Barbara, 239 statement during FPK meeting, 119 schools, 49, 94, 96, 101, 102, 110, 200, 212, trickster, 132 257, 316, 337 Setswana, 93, 107, 121, 133, 211, 232, Bushmen children, 87 242 need in the CKGR, 315 settler states, 167, 172, 344 Xade, 49 Shapera, Isaac, 73, 79 Secretariat of the Permanent Forum, 26–8, shoot to kill policy, 280 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 190, 193, 194, Silberbauer, George, 221 196 creation of the CKGR, 37, 38, 221 Sekere, Bihela, 147 hired by Bechuanaland Protectorate, 36 self-definition, 172, 173, 174 self determination, 38 self-determination, 15, 18, 22, 72, 169, 199, testimony, 222, 230, 241, 243 200 slavery, 29, 74, 90. See also anti-slavery political struggle, 136 and bolata, 74–5, 83 self-rule, 121 Bushmen in 1890, 73 UNDRIP, 170 smartphone, 188 self-identification, 23, 170 Smith Moffatt, John, 82 self-reliance, 93, 94, 103 social justice activism, 253, 325, 336 sense of belonging, 9, 15, 166, 227, 230, 246, social recognition, 274 250 social relationships, 264 sense of justice, 278 social workers, 49, 237 Serebolo, Geoffrey, 58 Societies Act, 122 serfs, 71, 73, 76, 88, 91, 122. See also bolata Society for Threatened Peoples, 316 Serowe, 83, 85 solidarity, 64, 95, 181 Sesana case Solway, Jacqueline, 14, 107 applicants, 215–19 South Africa, 37, 41, 78, 79, 80, 94, 104, 117, background, 210–11 166, 171, 173, 183, 184, 185, 202 bath faith in implementation, 290 Braam LaRoux, 121 expert testimony, 219–25 John Hardbattle, 125 factual witnesses, 225–32 legal team, 209, 212, 214 government evidence, 233–7 media, 238, 239 government statement on ruling, 253 mines, 125 hollow victory, 337 NGOs, 116 lawyers, 211–12 post-Apartheid, 274 media coverage, 237–42, 343 Roy Sesana, 130, 320 political issues after verdict, 254 UN statement, 193 reference in Entrance case, 296 South African San Council, 203 translation barriers, 226 Spain, 315 verdict, 242–7 speaking for others, 185, 143–6, 166, 180 Sesana, Mothambo, 48 Special Game Licenses (SGL), 3, 14, 15, 29, Sesana, Roy 38–9, 41, 44–8, 52, 54, 210, 220, 236, activism origin, 320 300 arrests, 131 Sesana case, 243, 254, 299 biography, 129–32 Special Rapporteur on the Rights of co-optation, 320, 321, 324 Indigenous Peoples, 66, 178, 184, 198, discrimination against, 124 306, 308, 312, 315, 316

409

INDEX

Special Support Group (SSG), 194, 195, 257, torture, 47, 48, 60, 63, 110, 130, 131, 247, 265, 269, 294, 298, 299 298, 301 Speed, Shannon, 27 tourism, 52, 152, 235, 280, 281, 284 spokespersons. See indigenous spokespersons benefits, 324 squatters, 72, 80, 91, 98, 101, 104, 126 development, 285, 297, 321 stakeholders’ information, 316 ecotourism, 52, 200 Standing Rock, 332 justice campaign, 332, 337 State under Review, 313, 316 motive for removal, 51–4 statements. See under United Nations safari companies, 281 Stavenhagen, Rodolfo, 184, 359 Traditional Authority 188, 189 stereotypes, 15, 44, 200, 347 traditional boundaries, 223 stewardship of nature, 181 traditional indigenous knowledge, 202 strategic temporalization, 196 traditional territories, 231, 258, 261, 306, 335 Subiya River Bushmen, 64 traditionalism, 243 subject of law, 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 26, 31, 249, 320, traditionalists, 13, 147 340. See also legal subjects translator, 206, 225, 276, 293 subsistence hunting, 39, 44, 46, 300 Tribal Grazing Land Policy, 64, 90, 92, success story, 56, 114, 189 97–101, 126, 340 Survival International (SI), 7, 25, 26, 54, 57, tribal innovators, 79 116, 137, 192, 260, 293, 321, 323. See Tribal Land, 79, 80, 97–100 also Bennett, Gordon; campaigns; Corry, Tribal Reserves, 79 Stephen; Ranyane Tribal Territories Act, 107 criticism, 136, 152, 154 Tribal Trust Foundation, 239 FPK collaboration, 149 Trump, Donald, 332 Hunting cases, 301 trust for San people, 275–8 litigation, 240, 327 Tsamkxao=Oma, 188, 189, 190 methods of intervention, 149, 152, 153 Tshekedi Khama, 74, 81, 83, 85, 86 mining, 54, 57. See also diamonds Tsila, 41, 42, 123, 209, 225 prohibited immigrants, 151 Tsing, Anna, 252 publicity, 150, 238, 293, 300, 301, 343 Tsodilo, 64 Sesana, 131, 137 Tsogwane, Slumber, 197 tourism, 152 Tsumib case, 306, 307. See also Etosha case Urgent Action Bulletin, 57, 149 Tswana, 14, 18. See also malata, morafe, Sweden, 25, 135, 164 co-optation Sylvain, Rennee, 15, 17, 353 centrism, 72 symbolic individuals, 124 chief, 38, 54, 68, 73–9, 81, 83–9, 109. See also dikgosi Tagart, Edward S. B., 84 polities, 73, 82 talking back, 165, 174. See also upstream settlement patterns, 75 Tanaka, Jiro, 50 society, 74 Tane Ko Teemahane Women’s Foundation, tribal hierarchy, 73, 74 117 tribes, 74, 77, 79, 107, 223, 243 Tanzania, 167, 169, 198, 319 Tuli Block, 80 Tati District, 80 Tswanification, 72, 105 Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria, 66 Tugen, 250 Tawana, 38, 74, 76, 79, 352 Tupinamba, 341 Taylor, Charles, 17 Tutu, Desmond, 313 Taylor, Michael, 128, 128 tyranny of participation, 19 Tears for My Land, 61, 225 technology of identity, 215, 234, 235 Uganda, 163, 198 technology of truth-making, 308 Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), Terra Nullius, 223, 302 317, 211 territory UN Human Rights Commission, 14, 15, 78, sense of, 44 88, 164 terrorism, 242, 248 UNESCO, 64 Teyamasi, 117, 119 Unified Hunting Regulations, 39 Thobogelo, Mongwegi, 228, 229, 230, 232 Unilever, 203

410

INDEX

United Kingdom, 25 Wankie Game Reserve, 65 United Nations. See also Permanent Forum Washington Post, 125, 127, 154 on Indigenous Issues; Working Group on Washington DC., 129, 163, 332 Indigenous Populations Water case, 290–3. See also Motsetlhanyane 1945 Charter, 199 case delegates, 175, 178 water rights, 6, 266, 300 drafting statements, 180–7 Wayeyi, 74, 76, 80, 91, 108, 109 experts, 178 weapons, 42, 48, 257, 293 General Assembly, 66, 170, 292, 349 subsistence hunting, 39 Headquarters, 26, 161, 174, 182, 183, 200, welfare colonialism, 97 308 Werbner, Pnina, 325 Mining, 191, 192 Werbner, Richard, 81, 89, 108–10 human rights, 198, 310 West Hanahai, 95, 359 Human Rights Committee, 313 Western Group, 60 indigenous NGOs, 172 Widlok, Thomas, 306 San delegates, 166, 338 Wilderness Safaris, 152, 280, 281 San statements, 183, 186, 198, 199 wildlife conservation, 285 Secretary General, 159 Wildlife Conservation Policy, 53, 98 Sesana verdict reaction, 308–12 Wildlife Management Areas, 98, 100, 279, Special Rapporteur country visit, 198 302, 305, 311 statements on remote area communities, 197 wildlife resources, 280 Universal Periodic Review, 312–17 Williams, Glyn, 153, 209, 210 Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples, 176 Wilmsen, Edwin, 14, 43, 73, 87, 222 Working Group on the Universal Periodic Wilson, Richard, 12 Review (UPR), 313 Wily, Elizabeth, 83, 90, 92, 93, 94, 102, 103 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Winstanley, George, 37 Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), 170, 173, Witnesses, 84, 243, 357 177, 184, 189, 196, 311 applicant, 6, 131, 212, 213, 219, 226–32, FPIC, 204 238, 240, 241, 244, 267, 269, 291, 306 opposition, 197 expert, 31, 134, 142, 221, 223, 224, 235, self-determination, 170 241, 245, 257 vernacularization, 205 of fact, 225, 233 United States, 25, 164, 166, 197 respondent, 234–7, 297 Indian problem, 331 Wits University, 126 Standing Rock protestors, 332 Women’s International League for Peace and tour by Roy Sesana and Jumanda Freedom, 161 Gakelebone, 239 women’s rights, 244 Universal Periodic Review, 313 Working Group for Indigenous Minorities University of Botswana, 117 in Southern Africa (WIMSA), 117–19, upstream, 164. See also talking back 170–1, 172, 178, 192, 193, 216, 307, 309, 353 van der Post, Luarens, 137 diamond mining position, 192 vassalage, 74, 82 legal challenges, 203 Vatican, 315 Mama Rampadi, 140 Vedanta, 260 WGIP participation, 171 Venson, Pelonomi, 106, 121, 234 Working Group on Indigenous Populations verdict, 2, 40, 134, 188, 213, 215, 234, 236, (WGIP), 21, 163, 167, 177, 178, 183 240, 242–6, 250, 254–6, 261–3, 270, 271, meetings, 173, 192, 193 274, 287–90, 292, 293, 296, 298, 301, Morocco, 168 303, 304, 306, 308, 309, 314, 317–19, recognition of groups, 173 323–8, 334, 345, 358, 359 WIMSA, 171 vernacularization, 164, 205 Workman, James, 260 victimization, 345 World Bank, 201 Village Development Committee, 68, 69, 72 World Council of Indigenous Peoples violence continuum, 69 (WCIP), 161 visa, 262 World Intellectual Property Organization, 202 Vox United, 116 World Trade Organization, 202

411

INDEX

World War I, 161 Zambia, 84, 163, 171 World War II, 129 Zenker, Olaf, 12 World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 163 Zimbabwe, 41, 65, 73, 104, 117, 130, 163, 166, 171 Xade, 34, 35, 41, 43, 45, 46, 48–51, 57, 58, Zoettl, Peter, 341 60, 61, 67, 134, 225 Xere, 27, 58, 68, 264, 279

Yonggom, 346 youth activists, 147, 148, 338 YouTube, 154

412