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The Type Section of the Upper Cretaceous Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale (New Name), Carthage Coal Field, Socorro County, New Mexico

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The Type Section of the Upper Cretaceous Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale (New Name), Carthage Coal Field, Socorro County, New Mexico The type section of the Upper Cretaceous Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale (new name), Carthage coal field, Socorro County, New Mexico Stephen C. Hook, Atarque Geologic Consulting, LLC, 411 Eaton Avenue, Socorro, NM 87801 [email protected] and William A. Cobban, 70 Estes Street, Lakewood, CO 80226 (December 31, 1916–April 21, 2015) Abstract Raton The Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale (new Farmington name) is that portion of the Mancos Shale lying between the undifferentiated or main body of the Dakota Sandstone and the Tres Hermanos Holy Ghost Spring Formation (or offshore equivalent). Its type local- x Santa Fe Las Vegas ity is in the Carthage coal field, Socorro County, Gallup New Mexico. At its type section the Tokay Tongue is 575 ft (175 m) thick and consists of x Laguna Albuquerque the following five bed–rank units (in ascending Fence order): 1) the shale and sandstone unit, 182 ft (55 Lake Puertecito (#58A) m) thick; 2) the calcareous shale and bentonite D-Cross Mtn. x x x Riley (#58B) unit, 120 ft (36 m) thick; 3) the Bridge Creek x Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge Limestone Beds, 72 ft (22 m) thick; 4) the calcar- Socorro x Jornada del Muerto coal field Tokay x Carthage coal field (#59) eous shale unit, 113 ft (34 m) thick; and 5) the x Carrizozo White Oaks Canyon noncalcareous shale unit, 88 ft (27 m) thick. The Bull Gap Canyon x (Fig. 9) Tokay Tongue was deposited during the initial x High Nogal Ranch x Turner Ranch T or C depositional cycle of the Late Cretaceous Seaway x Mescal Canyon in New Mexico: units #1 and #2 as the western Silver City Alamogordo x Hurley shoreline transgressed southwestward (T-1); unit Virden #3 at maximum transgression (end T-1); and x Cookes Peak x Love Ranch/Davis Well units #4 and #5 as the shoreline regressed north- Deming Las Cruces eastward (R-1). The Tokay Tongue at Carthage ranges in age from middle Cenomanian to middle Little x Hatchet 0 mi 50 Turonian; both its base and top are diachronous Mountains across its outcrop belt in southern New Mexico. 0 km 100 There are more than 70 discrete bentonite beds in the tongue at its type locality, ranging in thickness ~95.7 mybp ~95.0 mybp ~93.7 mybp ~92.2 mybp ~91.7 mybp from a fraction of an inch to 14 inches (36 cm); a 12 inch- (30 cm-) thick bentonite near the base of earliest T-1 early T-1 maximum T-1 early R-1 middle R-1 (Seboyeta Bay) (x-bentonite, (base BCLB, unit #3) (top BCLB, unit #3) (noncalcareous the tongue that lies just above strata containing unit #1) shale, unit #5) the middle Cenomanian ammonite Acanthoceras x x x x x amphibolum is correlated with the “x” or marker Carthage Carthage Carthage Carthage Carthage bentonite that occurs throughout the Western Interior. A thin, white limestone near the middle 0 mi 50 0 km 100 of the Bridge Creek Limestone Beds contains A B C D E Conlinoceras Acanthoceras Euomphaloceras Mammites Collignoniceras the bivalve Mytiloides puebloensis, which marks tarrantnse amphibolum septemseriatum nodosoides woollgari woollgari the base of the Turonian Stage at the Global Boundary Stratotype section and point for the Figure 1—Map of New Mexico showing key Upper Cretaceous outcrop localities in New Mexico. The dashed Turonian Stage at Pueblo, Colorado. polygon encloses the area within which the Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale has been recognized. Thumbnail maps of New Mexico (A–E) show paleogeographic reconstructions of the positions of land (brown) and sea (blue) during T-1, the initial transgression (A–C), and R-1, the initial regression (D–E), of the western shoreline Introduction of the Late Cretaceous Seaway from ~95.7 mybp to ~91.7 mybp. The R-1 shoreline continued to regress northeastward beyond Carthage for about another one million years. Overview but contains subordinate amounts of sandstone, siltstone, and The Upper Cretaceous Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Shale (new limestone. However, none of the previously described members name) is a relatively thick, member-rank, stratigraphic unit that or tongues of Dakota Sandstone that interfinger with temporal occurs at or near the base of Upper Cretaceous strata over much equivalents of the Tokay Tongue elsewhere in New Mexico can be of central and southern New Mexico, often at isolated exposures differentiated and mapped within this tongue. Its type locality is (Fig. 1). The sediments that became the Tokay Tongue were depos- in the western portion of the Carthage coal field, Socorro County, ited in the Late Cretaceous Seaway during the initial transgressive/ New Mexico (Fig. 1), about 2 mi (3.2 km) north of the former regressive cycle (T-1/R-1) of the seaway’s western shoreline across coal-mining town of Tokay, from which it takes its name. There, New Mexico. The Tokay Tongue, which lies between the undif- the Tokay Tongue is well exposed even though it consists primari- ferentiated or main body of the Dakota Sandstone and the over- ly of easily eroded and covered shale. At its type section the Tokay lying Tres Hermanos Formation is composed primarily of shale, June 2015, Volume 37, Number 2 New Mexico Geology 27 Tongue is 575 ft (175 m) thick, is composed of five bed-rank units, United States, often with specific application to west-central New and contains a marine fauna that ranges in age from late middle Mexico (e.g., Cobban 1977 and 1984a, and Cobban and Hook Cenomanian to earliest middle Turonian, spanning approximately 1989). In addition, Owens’s work on the Dakota Sandstone (e.g., four million years. As defined, the Tokay Tongue of the Mancos Owen 1966 and 1982), which was not supported financially by Shale can be recognized in isolated outcrops over an area of New the NMBMMR or the USGS, was instrumental in determining the Mexico of approximately 14,650 sq. mi (37,944 sq. km) (Fig. 1). depositional environments and correlation for both the Dakota This area is bounded by known outcrops of the Tokay Tongue: Sandstone and immediately underlying Jurassic units. 1) on the north at Riley and the southern end of the Sevilletta Between July 1976 and March 1981 more than 800 Upper National Wildlife Refuge; 2) on the east at White Oaks Canyon Cretaceous fossil invertebrate localities in New Mexico were and High Nogal Ranch; 3) on the southeast by Love Ranch/ added to the USGS Denver Mesozoic Invertebrate Locality data- Davis Well; 4) on the south by a truncated exposure in the Little base as a result of this collaboration. Most of these collections Hatchet Mountains; and on the west at 5) Virden and 6) Hurley. were in central and southern New Mexico; many were tied to The polygon with these outcrops as vertices includes portions of detailed measured sections that were important in working out Socorro, Lincoln, Otero, Doña Ana, Sierra, Luna, Hidalgo, and stratigraphic and map relationships. Grant Counties. North and northwest of this area, especially in the southeastern Unfinished project margin of the San Juan Basin, the temporal equivalents of the Tokay Tongue are included in formally named, member-rank units One of the authors’ unfinished projects from that unprecedented of the intertongued Dakota Sandstone and Mancos Shale (Landis time is the designation of a formal stratigraphic name for the thick et al. 1973). This intertongued sequence includes—in ascending tongue of Mancos Shale in southern and central New Mexico that order—the Oak Canyon Member of the Dakota Sandstone, the lies between the main body of the Dakota Sandstone and the Tres Cubero Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone, the Clay Mesa Tongue Hermanos Formation. Hook et al. (1983, chart 1, section 59) used of the Mancos Shale, the Paguate Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone, the informal designation lower part of the Mancos Shale for this the Whitewater Arroyo Tongue of the Mancos Shale, the Twowells member-rank unit at Carthage, but also used the same informal Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone, and Rio Salado Tongue of the designation for the thinner tongue of Mancos between the main Mancos Shale. Recognition of the lower two tongues of Mancos body of the Dakota Sandstone and the Twowells Tongue of the Shale requires the presence of the bounding tongues of Dakota Dakota Sandstone at Puertecito (Fig. 1, section #58A; Fig. 2), Sandstone. The Rio Salado Tongue, the uppermost of the Mancos which contains the type section of the Rio Salado Tongue of the Shale tongues in this sequence, is bounded by the Twowells Tongue Mancos Shale and the type area of the Tres Hermanos Formation of the Dakota Sandstone below and the Tres Hermanos Formation (Hook et al. 1983). As shown on Figure 2, the informal, lower (or equivalent) above. tongue (or part) of the Mancos Shale in west-central New Mexico Although the Tokay Tongue at its type section contains the is composed of rocks of different thickness and time-equivalency temporal equivalents of all but the Oak Canyon Member and depending on whether its upper boundary is at the base of the lower two-thirds of the Cubero Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone, Twowells Tongue or at the base of the Tres Hermanos Formation none of the overlying tongues of Dakota Sandstone can be dif- (Fig. 2). Hook et al. (1983, p. 24–27) named the tongue of shale ferentiated lithologically within the Tokay Tongue throughout between the Twowells and Tres Hermanos, the Rio Salado Tongue its outcrop in the Carthage coal field and in its outcrop area in of the Mancos Shale.
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