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N° 904 1630 905 1002 1 3 Nombre Octantis 30 Piscium 2 Ceti 33 Piscium  Andromedae Phoenicis

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N° 904 1630 905 1002 1 3 Nombre Octantis 30 Piscium 2 Ceti 33 Piscium  Andromedae Phoenicis Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales San Juan ANUARIO ASTRONÓMICO 2013 Volumen XXIII 2 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN JUAN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS, FÍSICAS Y NATURALES OBSERVATORIO ASTRONÓMICO “FELIX AGUILAR” ANUARIO ASTRONÓMICO 2013 Claudio Carlos Mallamaci - José Alberto Pérez San Juan - República Argentina - 2013 4 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan Contenido Introducción 7 Fenómenos 9 Sol 11 Fases de la Luna 11 Eclipses y Tránsitos 11 Artículos del calendario 12 Entrada del Sol en los signos del Zodíaco 12 Reporte de las estaciones 12 Perigeo y apogeo de la Luna 12 Fenómenos planetarios geo y heliocéntricos 13 (Mercurio, Venus y planetas superiores) Datos de Planetas 13 Configuración diaria del Sol, Luna y Planetas 14 Sol 19 Luna 27 Tiempo sidéreo y coordenadas del Sol 35 Planetas 43 Posiciones aparentes de estrellas 53 Tablas 95 Refracción Astronómica Normal 95 Correcciones a las Refracciones Normales 96 Calendario 97 5 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan 6 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan Introducción Este anuario astronómico, preparado y publicado por el Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar", tiene como objeto principal proporcionar, a docentes y aficionados en general, datos útiles sobre temas astronómicos. La publicación fue originalmente pensada para proveer, fundamentalmente, las circunstancias locales (San Juan) de las salidas y puestas del Sol y la Luna, pues esta información es la que con mayor frecuencia se nos solicita. Sin embargo, hemos creído interesante incluir, además, datos generales sobre planetas, estrellas y eclipses, como así también algunos elementos del calendario y el cómputo eclesiástico. Las secciones "Sol", "Luna", "Tiempo sidéreo y coordenadas del Sol", "Planetas" y "Posiciones aparentes de estrellas" fueron calculadas por nosotros en nuestro Observatorio en tanto que la sección "Fenómenos" se obtuvo de la siguiente publicación: - Fenómenos Astronómicos 2013 Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada San Fernando-Cádiz España Importante Todos los tiempos indicados en este Anuario han sido calculados en Tiempo Universal por lo que habrá que hacer la conversión para el Huso Horario que esté en vigencia. Si por ejemplo la salida de un astro es a las 09h 28m 15s de Tiempo Universal, para el huso de -3h al Oeste de Greenwich habrá que restar 3h a dicho tiempo (09h 28m 15s -3h = 06h 28m 15s). Si el huso horario fuese -2h, entonces habrá que restarle 2h. Las circunstancias de salida y puesta del Sol y la Luna están calculadas para el lugar geográfico que ocupa nuestro Observatorio (latitud = -31°30'38.5" y longitud = -4h 34m 28.8s) y para un horizonte teórico sin montañas ni irregularidades. Por lo tanto las horas calculadas deben ser tomadas sólo a modo orientativo. Todas las observaciones y sugerencias que se puedan hacer sobre el contenido y el aspecto de esta publicación serán bienvenidas y agradeceremos nos las hagan llegar a nuestra dirección. Claudio Carlos Mallamaci - José Alberto Pérez Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Av. Benavidez 8175 oeste - 5407 Marquesado e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] San Juan - República Argentina 7 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan Agradecemos a la siguiente Institución el envío de la publicación que se indica, la que ha sido utilizada para la realización de esta publicación: - Real Instituto Y Observatorio de la Armada, San Fernando, Cádiz, España, "Fenómenos Astronómicos". Agradecemos también la colaboración del personal del Círculo Meridiano de nuestro Instituto, quienes colaboraron en la revisión del anuario. Claudio Carlos Mallamaci - José Alberto Pérez 8 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan Fenómenos En esta sección se dan las fechas de las circunstancias más notables por las que pasan el Sol, la Luna y los planetas, durante el año, con la precisión suficiente para una primera localización del fenómeno. Para el Sol se dan las fechas y los tiempos de los equinoccios y solsticios, es decir los comienzos de las cuatro estaciones, como también sus máximos acercamientos y alejamientos respecto a la Tierra (perigeo y apogeo). Los cambios de fases de la Luna están dados en horas y minutos y las lunaciones allí indicadas se enumeran siguiendo la serie de Brown, en la que la número 1 comenzó el 16 de enero de 1923. Se presentan, también, los fenómenos geocéntricos y heliocéntricos de los planetas, es decir aquellos que son medidos tomando a la Tierra y al Sol como cuerpo de referencia, respectivamente. Por último se detallan algunos fenómenos que, por su importancia, merecen ser destacados para su eventual observación y/o estudio. 9 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan 10 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan Fenómenos Astronómicos para 2013 Sol (UT) d h d h m d h m Perigeo: Ene 02 05 Equinoccios: Mar 20 11 02 Sep 22 20 44 Apogeo : Jul 05 15 Solsticios : Jun 21 05 04 Dic 21 17 11 Fases de la Luna (UT) Lunación Luna Nueva Cuarto Creciente Luna Llena Cuarto Menguante d h m d h m d h m d h m 1113 Ene 05 03 58 1114 Ene 11 19 44 Ene 18 23 45 Ene 27 04 38 Feb 03 13 56 1115 Feb 10 07 20 Feb 17 20 31 Feb 25 20 26 Mar 04 21 53 1116 Mar 11 19 51 Mar 19 17 26 Mar 27 09 27 Abr 03 04 37 1117 Abr 10 09 35 Abr 18 12 31 Abr 25 19 57 May 02 11 14 1118 May 10 00 28 May 18 04 35 May 25 04 25 May 31 18 58 1119 Jun 08 15 56 Jun 16 17 24 Jun 23 11 32 Jun 30 04 54 1120 Jul 08 07 14 Jul 16 03 18 Jul 22 18 16 Jul 29 17 43 1121 Ago 06 21 51 Ago 14 10 56 Ago 21 01 45 Ago 28 09 35 1122 Sep 05 11 36 Sep 12 17 08 Sep 19 11 13 Sep 27 03 56 1123 Oct 05 00 35 Oct 11 23 02 Oct 18 23 38 Oct 26 23 40 1124 Nov 03 12 50 Nov 10 05 57 Nov 17 15 16 Nov 25 19 28 1125 Dic 03 00 22 Dic 09 15 12 Dic 17 09 28 Dic 25 13 48 Eclipses Parcial de Luna Abr. 25 El principio de la fase parcial será visible en África, Europa, Asia excepto el NE. y Australia. El fin de la fase parcial será visible en África, Europa, Asia excepto el NE. y Australia. Anular de Sol May. 09/10 Visible en Indonesia, Australia, Nueva Zelanda y Océano Pacífico. Penumbral de Luna May. 25 El principio de la fase penumbral será visible en América excepto el NW., W. de Europa y África excepto el NE. El fin de la fase penumbral será visible en América excepto el NW, W. y S. de África y SW. de Europa. Penumbral de Luna Oct. 18/19 El principio de la fase penumbral será visible en el E. de Sudamérica y el NE. de Norteamérica, África, Europa y Asia excepto el E. El fin de la fase penumbral será visible en América excepto el NW., África, Europa y W. de Asia. Anular-Total- Nov. 03 Visible en E. de Norteamérica, NE. de Sudamérica, África, S. de Anular de Sol Europa y SW. de Asia. 11 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C. Mallamaci - J.A.Pérez - Observatorio Astronómico "Félix Aguilar" Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de San Juan Artículos principales del calendario Eras cronológicas Año de periodo juliano 6726 Año de la era de los judíos, que comienza el 5de Septiembre 5774 Año de la era de la fundación de Roma, que comienza el 14 de Enero 2766 Año de la era de Nabonasar, que comienza en 21 de Abril 2762 Año de la era española, según "L'art de verifier les dates" 2051 Año de la Hégira, que comienza el 5 de noviembre 1435 Todas las fechas se refieren al calendario gregoriano. Cómputo eclesiástico Áureo número XIX Indicción romana 6 Epacta 17 Letra dominical F Ciclo solar 6 Letra del martirologio romano s Entrada del Sol en los signos del Zodíaco (UT) Enero 19 21h 52m en Acuario Julio 22 15h 56m en Leo Febrero 18 12 02 en Piscis Agosto 22 23 02 en Virgo Marzo 20 11 02 en Aries Septiembre 22 20 44 en Libra Abril 19 22 03 en Tauro Octubre 23 06 10 en Escorpio Mayo 20 21 10 en Géminis Noviembre 22 03 48 en Sagitario Junio 21 05 04 en Cáncer Diciembre 21 17 11 en Capricornio Reporte de las estaciones (UT) Equinoccio de marzo: 20/03/2013 11h02m Longitud del otoño: 92.75 días Solsticio de junio: 21/06/2013 05 04 Longitud del invierno: 93.65 días Equinoccio de septiembre: 22/09/2013 20 44 Longitud de la primavera: 89.85 días Solsticio de diciembre: 21/12/2013 17 11 Longitud del verano: 88.99 días Luna (UT) Apogeo Perigeo 22 Ene 11h 19 Feb 07h 19 Mar 03h 10 Ene 10h 07 Feb 12h 05 Mar 23h 15 Abr 22 13 May 14 09 Jun 22 31 Mar 04 27 Abr 20 26 May 02 07 Jul 01 03 Ago 09 31 Ago 00 23 Jun 11 21 Jul 20 19 Ago 01 27 Sep 18 25 Oct 14 22 Nov 10 15 Sep 17 10 Oct 23 06 Nov 09 20 Dic 00 --- --- 04 Dic 10 --- --- 12 Anuario Astronómico 2013 – C.C.
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