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Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes Alutus) Stock Assessment for the North and West Coasts of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia

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Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes Alutus) Stock Assessment for the North and West Coasts of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2013/092 Pacific Region Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus) stock assessment for the north and west coasts of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia Andrew M. Edwards1, Rowan Haigh1 and Paul J. Starr2 1Pacific Biological Station, Science Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 6N7, Canada. 2Canadian Groundfish Research and Conservation Society, 1406 Rose Ann Drive, Nanaimo, British Columbia, V9T 4K8, Canada. March 2014 Foreword This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. Research documents are produced in the official language in which they are provided to the Secretariat. Published by: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat 200 Kent Street Ottawa ON K1A 0E6 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/ [email protected] © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2014 ISSN 1919-5044 Correct citation for this publication: Edwards, A.M., Haigh, R., and Starr, P.J. 2014. Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus) stock assessment for the north and west coasts of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2013/092. vi + 126 p. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................... IV RÉSUMÉ ................................................................................................................................... V 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Biological background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Range and distribution ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Overview of fishery........................................................................................................... 2 2 ASSESSMENT BOUNDARIES AND BACKGROUND ............................................................ 2 3 CATCH DATA......................................................................................................................... 3 4 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT................................................................................................... 4 5 OVERFISHING EXPERIMENTS............................................................................................. 4 6 SURVEY DESCRIPTIONS...................................................................................................... 4 7 BIOLOGICAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 5 7.1 Biological samples ........................................................................................................... 5 7.2 Growth parameters .......................................................................................................... 5 7.3 Maturity and fecundity ...................................................................................................... 5 7.4 Natural mortality............................................................................................................... 6 7.5 Steepness ........................................................................................................................ 6 8 AGE-STRUCTURED MODEL ................................................................................................. 6 9 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 7 10 ADVICE FOR MANAGERS................................................................................................... 9 10.1 Current stock level ......................................................................................................... 9 10.2 Reference points ............................................................................................................ 9 10.3 Projection results and decision tables ...........................................................................10 11 GENERAL COMMENTS ......................................................................................................11 12 FUTURE RESEARCH AND DATA REQUIREMENTS .........................................................12 13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................13 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................13 APPENDIX A. REQUEST FOR SCIENCE INFORMATION AND ADVICE................................31 APPENDIX B. CATCH DATA....................................................................................................34 APPENDIX C. TRAWL SURVEYS............................................................................................44 APPENDIX D. BIOLOGICAL DATA ..........................................................................................61 APPENDIX E. WEIGHTED AGE FREQUENCIES / PROPORTIONS .......................................64 APPENDIX F. DESCRIPTION OF CATCH-AT-AGE MODEL ...................................................69 APPENDIX G. RESULTS..........................................................................................................85 APPENDIX H. HABITAT AND CONCURRENT SPECIES ......................................................110 APPENDIX I. SENSITIVITY RUNS .........................................................................................117 iii ABSTRACT Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus, POP) is a commercially important species of rockfish that inhabits the marine canyons along the coast of British Columbia. The status of POP off the north and west coasts of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, is assessed here under the assumption of a single stock harvested entirely in Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission (PMFC) major areas 5D and 5E. This is the first time that a population model has been used to assess this stock. We used an annual two-sex catch-at-age model tuned to: one fishery-independent trawl survey series, annual estimates of commercial catch since 1940, and age composition data from the commercial fishery (29 years of data) and from the survey series (five years of data). The model starts from an assumed unfished equilibrium state in 1940, and the survey data cover five of the years from 1997 to 2010. The model was implemented in a Bayesian framework (using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure) to quantify uncertainty of estimated quantities. Estimated exploitation rates were calculated as the ratio of total catch to the vulnerable biomass in the middle of each year. Rates peaked in the late-1960s due to large catches by foreign fleets, and peaked again at higher values in the mid-1980s, coincident with an overfishing experiment operating in the Langara Spit region of area 5E. The exploitation rate for 2012 is estimated to be 0.053 (0.023-0.119), denoting median and 5th and 95th quantiles of the Bayesian posterior distribution. The spawning biomass (mature females only) at the beginning of 2013 is estimated to be 0.37 (0.16-0.67) of unfished spawning biomass. It is estimated to be 1.61 (0.57-3.57) of BMSY, where BMSY is the equilibrium spawning biomass that would support the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). There was estimated to have been an exceptionally strong recruitment of age-1 fish in 1977. Advice to managers is presented as a set of decision tables that provide probabilities of exceeding limit and upper stock reference points for ten-year projections across a range of constant catch scenarios. The primary reference points used are a limit reference point of 0.4BMSY and an upper stock reference point of 0.8BMSY, which are the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Precautionary Approach provisional reference points. Decision tables are also presented with respect to alternative reference points based on proportions of unfished equilibrium biomass, on current biomass and on the exploitation rate at MSY. The estimated spawning biomass at the beginning of 2013 has a 0.98 probability of being above the limit reference point of 0.4BMSY, and a 0.88 probability of being above the upper stock reference point of 0.8BMSY. The estimated median MSY (tonnes) is 1,488 (998-2,258), compared to the recent mean catch (from 2007-2011) of 937 t. The probability that the exploitation rate in 2012 is below that associated with MSY is 0.84. Ten-year projections, for constant catches of 1,000 t (slightly above the recent mean catch), indicate essentially no change in the aforementioned probabilities of the spawning biomass being above the reference points. iv Évaluation des stocks de sébaste à longue mâchoire (Sebastes alutus) sur les côtes nord et ouest de l'archipel Haida Gwaii, en Colombie-Britannique RÉSUMÉ Le sébaste à longue mâchoire (Sebastes alutus) est une espèce commerciale de sébaste importante qui fréquente les canyons marins le long de la côte de la Colombie-Britannique. On a évalué l'état des stocks de sébaste à longue mâchoire au large des côtes nord et ouest de l'archipel Haida Gwaii, en Colombie-Britannique,
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