Noise and Morphogenesis Uncertainty, Randomness and Control
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European Movement International 04/12/2020, 09:17
European Movement International 04/12/2020, 09:17 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing: Mourning a European giant Following the passing of former French President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, former president of the European Movement International and passionate defender of the European project, we share perspectives on his life from France, Belgium, Germany and Malta. European Headlines is a weekly newsletter from the European Movement International highlighting media perspectives from across Europe. Click here to subscribe. Tweet about this Remembering VGE Le Monde provides a brief biography of the former French president, who passed away on Wednesday as a result of a Covid-19 infection. At the age of 36, Giscard was appointed Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs under Georges Pompidou. In 1974, he ran in the 1974 presidential elections, defeating Jacques Chaban-Delmas and François Mitterrand and thus becoming the youngest President of the Republic since 1848. During the campaign, he established himself as a modern, dynamic politician, embodying renewal in the face of his rivals. His “advanced liberal society” entailed new laws such as the decriminalisation of abortion and the right of referral to the Constitutional Council. His international policies are marked by his strengthening of European unity. Together with German Chancellor, Helmut Schmidt, Giscard influenced the creation of the European Council in December 1974. Following the 1989 European elections, Giscard entered the European Parliament. During his years in Brussels, he served as President of the European Movement International until 1997. On May 29, 2003, he received the ‘Charlemagne Prize’ for having "advanced the unification process" in Europe. Read the full article Modern man L’Echo reports on what the former President has meant for Europe. -
From Deterministic Dynamics to Thermodynamic Laws II: Fourier's
FROM DETERMINISTIC DYNAMICS TO THERMODYNAMIC LAWS II: FOURIER'S LAW AND MESOSCOPIC LIMIT EQUATION YAO LI Abstract. This paper considers the mesoscopic limit of a stochastic energy ex- change model that is numerically derived from deterministic dynamics. The law of large numbers and the central limit theorems are proved. We show that the limit of the stochastic energy exchange model is a discrete heat equation that satisfies Fourier's law. In addition, when the system size (number of particles) is large, the stochastic energy exchange is approximated by a stochastic differential equation, called the mesoscopic limit equation. 1. Introduction Fourier's law is an empirical law describing the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the temperature profile. In 1822, Fourier concluded that \the heat flux resulting from thermal conduction is proportional to the magnitude of the tem- perature gradient and opposite to it in sign" [14]. The well-known heat equation is derived based on Fourier's law. However, the rigorous derivation of Fourier's law from microscopic Hamiltonian mechanics remains to be a challenge to mathemati- cians and physicist [3]. This challenge mainly comes from our limited mathematical understanding to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. After the foundations of sta- tistical mechanics were established by Boltzmann, Gibbs, and Maxwell more than a century ago, many things about nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) remains un- clear, especially the dependency of key quantities on the system size N. There have been several studies that aim to derive Fourier's law from the first principle. A large class of models [29, 31, 12, 11, 10] use anharmonic chains to de- scribe heat conduction in insulating crystals. -
The Sarkozy Effect France’S New Presidential Dynamic J.G
Politics & Diplomacy The Sarkozy Effect France’s New Presidential Dynamic J.G. Shields Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidential campaign was predicated on the J.G. Shields is an associate professor of need for change in France, for a break—“une rupture”—with the French Studies at the past. His election as president of the French Republic on 6 University of Warwick in England. He is the first May 2007 ushered in the promise of a new era. Sarkozy’s pres- holder of the American idency follows those of the Socialist François Mitterrand Political Science Associ- ation's Stanley Hoff- (1981-95) and the neo-Gaullist Jacques Chirac (1995-2007), mann Award (2007) for who together occupied France’s highest political office for his writing on French more than a quarter-century. Whereas Mitterrand and Chirac politics. bowed out in their seventies, Sarkozy comes to office aged only fifty-two. For the first time, the French Fifth Republic has a president born after the Second World War, as well as a presi- dent of direct immigrant descent.1 Sarkozy’s emphatic victory, with 53 percent of the run-off vote against the Socialist Ségolène Royal, gave him a clear mandate for reform. The near-record turnout of 84 percent for both rounds of the election reflected the public demand for change. The legislative elections of June 2007, which assured a strong majority in the National Assembly for Sarkozy’s centre-right Union pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP), cleared the way for implementing his agenda over the next five years.2 This article examines the political context within which Sarkozy was elected to power, the main proposals of his presidential program, the challenges before him, and his prospects for bringing real change to a France that is all too evidently in need of reform. -
Why Emmanuel Macron Is the Most Gaullist of All Candidates for the French Presidential Elections of 2017
Policy Paper Centre international Note de recherche de formation européenne Matthias Waechter*, April 18th , 2017* CIFE Policy Paper N°53 Nothing new in French politics? Why Emmanuel Macron is the most Gaullist of all candidates for the French presidential elections of 2017 The French presidential campaign of 2017 turns soon as he exercised power from 1958 onwards, his very much around the buzzword of renewal: assertion lost its credibility and he was quickly Renewal of the political elites, the morals and perceived as the overarching figure of the French habits of political leaders, the party system. Some Right, triggering by the same token the consolida- of the candidates, most prominently far-left politi- tion of a leftist opposition. cian Jean-Luc Mélenchon, even fight for a constitu- tional turnover and the creation of a "Sixth Repu- The claim to pave a third way between left and blic". Among the five leading candidates, one right, to transcend the allegedly unproductive presents himself not only as an innovator, but also conflict between those political currents is at the as a revolutionary: It is Emmanuel Macron with his core of Emmanuel Macron's political stance. He movement "En Marche!" The campaign book by the doesn't deny his origins from the political left, but former minister of the economy appeared under the asserts that this cleavage is nowadays obsolete title "Revolution" and traces the way towards a and that good ideas should be taken from all profoundly changed France beyond the cleavage of camps. His movement "En Marche!" posts on its Left and Right. -
Stability Analysis of Fitzhughâ•Finagumo With
Proceedings of GREAT Day Volume 2011 Article 4 2012 Stability Analysis of FitzHugh–Nagumo with Smooth Periodic Forcing Tyler Massaro SUNY Geneseo Follow this and additional works at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/proceedings-of-great-day Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Massaro, Tyler (2012) "Stability Analysis of FitzHugh–Nagumo with Smooth Periodic Forcing," Proceedings of GREAT Day: Vol. 2011 , Article 4. Available at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/proceedings-of-great-day/vol2011/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the GREAT Day at KnightScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of GREAT Day by an authorized editor of KnightScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Massaro: Stability Analysis of FitzHugh–Nagumo with Smooth Periodic Forcin Stability Analysis of FitzHugh – Nagumo with Smooth Periodic Forcing Tyler Massaro 1 Background Since the concentration of K+ ions is so much higher inside the cell than outside, there is a As Izhikevich so aptly put it, tendency for K+ to flow out of these leak channels “If somebody were to put a gun to the head of along its concentration gradient. When this the author of this book and ask him to name the happens, there is a negative charge left behind by single most important concept in brain science, he the K+ ions immediately leaving the cell. This would say it is the concept of a neuron[16].” build-up of negative charge is actually enough to, in a sense, catch the K+ ions in the act of leaving By no means are the concepts forwarded in his and momentarily halt the flow of charge across the book restricted to brain science. -
Terms for Talking About Information and Communication
Information 2012, 3, 351-371; doi:10.3390/info3030351 OPEN ACCESS information ISSN 2078-2489 www.mdpi.com/journal/information Concept Paper Terms for Talking about Information and Communication Corey Anton School of Communications, Grand Valley State University, 210 Lake Superior Hall, Allendale, MI 49401, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-616-331-3668; Fax: +1-616-331-2700 Received: 4 June 2012; in revised form: 17 August 2012 / Accepted: 20 August 2012 / Published: 27 August 2012 Abstract: This paper offers terms for talking about information and how it relates to both matter-energy and communication, by: (1) Identifying three different levels of signs: Index, based in contiguity, icon, based in similarity, and symbol, based in convention; (2) examining three kinds of coding: Analogic differences, which deal with positive quantities having contiguous and continuous values, and digital distinctions, which include “either/or functions”, discrete values, and capacities for negation, decontextualization, and abstract concept-transfer, and finally, iconic coding, which incorporates both analogic differences and digital distinctions; and (3) differentiating between “information theoretic” orientations (which deal with data, what is “given as meaningful” according to selections and combinations within “contexts of choice”) and “communication theoretic” ones (which deal with capta, what is “taken as meaningful” according to various “choices of context”). Finally, a brief envoi reflects on how information broadly construed relates to probability and entropy. Keywords: sign; index; icon; symbol; coding; context; information; communication “If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange apples then you and I will still each have one apple. -
Annales Historiques De La Révolution Française, 371 | Janvier-Mars 2013, « Robespierre » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 01 Mars 2016, Consulté Le 01 Juillet 2021
Annales historiques de la Révolution française 371 | janvier-mars 2013 Robespierre Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/12668 DOI : 10.4000/ahrf.12668 ISSN : 1952-403X Éditeur : Armand Colin, Société des études robespierristes Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 mars 2013 ISBN : 978-2-200-92824-7 ISSN : 0003-4436 Référence électronique Annales historiques de la Révolution française, 371 | janvier-mars 2013, « Robespierre » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 mars 2016, consulté le 01 juillet 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/12668 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.12668 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 1 juillet 2021. Tous droits réservés 1 SOMMAIRE Introduction « Je vous laisse ma mémoire […] » Michel Biard Articles La souscription nationale pour sauvegarder les manuscrits de Robespierre : introspection historique d’une initiative citoyenne et militante Serge Aberdam et Cyril Triolaire Les manuscrits de Robespierre Annie Geffroy Les factums de l’avocat Robespierre. Les choix d’une défense par l’imprimé Hervé Leuwers Robespierre dans les publications françaises et anglophones depuis l’an 2000 Marc Belissa et Julien Louvrier Robespierre libéral Yannick Bosc Robespierre et la guerre, une question posée dès 1789 ? Thibaut Poirot « Mes forces et ma santé ne peuvent suffire ». crises politiques, crises médicales dans la vie de Maximilien Robespierre, 1790-1794 Peter McPhee Robespierre et l’authenticité révolutionnaire Marisa Linton Sources Maximilien de Robespierre, élève à Louis-le-Grand (1769-1781). Les apports de la comptabilité du « collège d’Arras » Hervé Leuwers Nouvelles pièces sur Robespierre et les colonies en 1791 Jean-Daniel Piquet Annales historiques de la Révolution française, 371 | janvier-mars 2013 2 Comptes rendus Lia van der HEIJDEN et Jan SANDERS (éds.), De Levensloop van Adriaan van der Willingen (1766-1841). -
Fonds Edmond Giscard D'estaing (1896-1986)
Fonds Edmond Giscard d'Estaing (1896-1986). Répertoire numérique détaillé de la sous-série 775AP (775AP/1-775AP/91). Établi par Pascal Geneste, conservateur en chef du patrimoine. Première édition électronique. Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 2018 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_056869 Cet instrument de recherche a été rédigé dans le système d'information archivistique des Archives nationales. Ce document est écrit en français. Conforme à la norme ISAD(G) et aux règles d'application de la DTD EAD (version 2002) aux Archives nationales. 2 Archives nationales (France) Préface « Le passé, pays lointain que l’on visite avec ferveur et mélancolie, nous inspire souvent un sentiment d’infinie nostalgie. » Valéry Giscard d’Estaing à Emmanuel Hamel (2 novembre 1971) 3 Archives nationales (France) Sommaire Fonds Edmond Giscard d'Estaing. 8 Papiers personnels. 11 1896-1983 11 Scolarité et études. 11 Études supérieures de lettres. 12 Papiers militaires. 12 Cartes et papiers d'état-civil. 12 Inspection des Finances. 12 Ministère des Colonies. 13 Compagnie d’assurances Le Phénix. 13 Dessins. 13 Mairie et conseil municipal de Chanonat. 13 Indochine. 14 Chambre de commerce internationale. 14 Présidence du comité national français. 14 Congrès de la Chambre de commerce internationale. 14 Institut de France. 14 Candidature et élection. 14 Élection. 15 Activités. 15 Société du tunnel routier sous le Mont-Blanc. 15 Fonctionnement. 15 Administration. 15 Correspondance. 15 Construction. 16 Manifestations. 16 « Società per il Traforo del Monte Bianco ». 16 Exploitation. 16 Notes et documentation. 17 « De la Savoie au pays d’Aoste par le tunnel du Mont-Blanc ». -
PROCÉDURES DE SAUVEGARDE DES ENTREPRISES (Décret No 2005-1677 Du 28 Décembre 2005)
o Quarante-deuxième année. – N 182 A ISSN 0298-296X Mercredi 8 octobre 2008 BODACCBULLETIN OFFICIEL DES ANNONCES CIVILES ET COMMERCIALES ANNEXÉ AU JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE Standard......................................... 01-40-58-75-00 DIRECTION DES JOURNAUX OFFICIELS Annonces....................................... 01-40-58-77-56 Renseignements documentaires 01-40-58-79-79 26, rue Desaix, 75727 PARIS CEDEX 15 Abonnements................................. 01-40-58-79-20 www.journal-officiel.gouv.fr (8h30à 12h30) Télécopie........................................ 01-40-58-77-57 BODACC “A” Ventes et cessions - Créations d’établissements Procédures collectives Procédures de rétablissement personnel Avis relatifs aux successions Avis aux lecteurs Les autres catégories d’insertions sont publiées dans deux autres éditions séparées selon la répartition suivante Modifications diverses..................................... $ BODACC “B” Radiations ......................................................... # Avis de dépôt des comptes des sociétés .... BODACC “C” Avis aux annonceurs Toute insertion incomplète, non conforme aux textes en vigueur ou bien illisible sera rejetée Banque de données BODACC servie par les sociétés : Altares-D&B, EDD, Experian, Optima on Line, Groupe Sévigné-Payelle, Questel, Tessi Informatique, Jurismedia, Pouey International, Scores et Décisions, Les Echos, Creditsafe, Coface services et Cartegie. Conformément à l’article 4 de l’arrêté du 17 mai 1984 relatif à la constitution et à la commercialisation d’une banque de données télématique des informations contenues dans le BODACC, le droit d’accès prévu par la loi no 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978 s’exerce auprès de la Direction des Journaux officiels. Le numéro : 2,20 € Abonnement. − Un an (arrêté du 28 décembre 2007 publié au Journal officiel le 30 décembre 2007) : France : 351 €. Pour l’expédition par voie aérienne (outre-mer) ou pour l’étranger : paiement d’un supplément modulé selon la zone de destination, tarif sur demande Tout paiement à la commande facilitera son exécution . -
Studying Political Bias Via Word Embeddings
Studying Political Bias via Word Embeddings Josh Gordon Marzieh Babaeianjelodar Jeanna Matthews Clarkson University jogordo,babaeim,[email protected] ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Machine Learning systems learn bias in addition to other patterns In 2016, Bolukbasi et al. [1] published an influential paper demon- from input data on which they are trained. Bolukbasi et al. pio- strating a method to quantify and remove gender bias that a ma- neered a method for quantifying gender bias learned from a corpus chine learning (ML) model learned from a corpus of human text. of text. Specifically, they compute a gender subspace into which This is important for revealing bias in human text as well as re- words, represented as word vectors, can be placed and compared ducing the impact biased ML systems can have on hiring, housing, with one another. In this paper, we apply a similar methodology and credit. In this paper, we explore how we might use a similar to a different type of bias, political bias. Unlike with gender bias, methodology to model other kinds of bias such as political bias. it is not obvious how to choose a set of definitional word pairs to As with gender, we begin as Bolukbasi et al. did with attempting compute a political bias subspace. We propose a methodology for to model political bias as simply two binary extremes along a single doing so that could be used for modeling other types of bias as well. axis. Neither gender nor political bias is as simple in the real world We collect and examine a 26 GB corpus of tweets from Republican as two points on a single axis, but we wanted to see how useful and Democratic politicians in the United States (presidential candi- this model could be in the case of political bias. -
Digital Communication Systems 2.2 Optimal Source Coding
Digital Communication Systems EES 452 Asst. Prof. Dr. Prapun Suksompong [email protected] 2. Source Coding 2.2 Optimal Source Coding: Huffman Coding: Origin, Recipe, MATLAB Implementation 1 Examples of Prefix Codes Nonsingular Fixed-Length Code Shannon–Fano code Huffman Code 2 Prof. Robert Fano (1917-2016) Shannon Award (1976 ) Shannon–Fano Code Proposed in Shannon’s “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in 1948 The method was attributed to Fano, who later published it as a technical report. Fano, R.M. (1949). “The transmission of information”. Technical Report No. 65. Cambridge (Mass.), USA: Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT. Should not be confused with Shannon coding, the coding method used to prove Shannon's noiseless coding theorem, or with Shannon–Fano–Elias coding (also known as Elias coding), the precursor to arithmetic coding. 3 Claude E. Shannon Award Claude E. Shannon (1972) Elwyn R. Berlekamp (1993) Sergio Verdu (2007) David S. Slepian (1974) Aaron D. Wyner (1994) Robert M. Gray (2008) Robert M. Fano (1976) G. David Forney, Jr. (1995) Jorma Rissanen (2009) Peter Elias (1977) Imre Csiszár (1996) Te Sun Han (2010) Mark S. Pinsker (1978) Jacob Ziv (1997) Shlomo Shamai (Shitz) (2011) Jacob Wolfowitz (1979) Neil J. A. Sloane (1998) Abbas El Gamal (2012) W. Wesley Peterson (1981) Tadao Kasami (1999) Katalin Marton (2013) Irving S. Reed (1982) Thomas Kailath (2000) János Körner (2014) Robert G. Gallager (1983) Jack KeilWolf (2001) Arthur Robert Calderbank (2015) Solomon W. Golomb (1985) Toby Berger (2002) Alexander S. Holevo (2016) William L. Root (1986) Lloyd R. Welch (2003) David Tse (2017) James L. -
Ergodic Theory Plays a Key Role in Multiple Fields Steven Ashley Science Writer
CORE CONCEPTS Core Concept: Ergodic theory plays a key role in multiple fields Steven Ashley Science Writer Statistical mechanics is a powerful set of professor Tom Ward, reached a key milestone mathematical tools that uses probability the- in the early 1930s when American mathema- ory to bridge the enormous gap between the tician George D. Birkhoff and Austrian-Hun- unknowable behaviors of individual atoms garian (and later, American) mathematician and molecules and those of large aggregate sys- and physicist John von Neumann separately tems of them—a volume of gas, for example. reconsidered and reformulated Boltzmann’ser- Fundamental to statistical mechanics is godic hypothesis, leading to the pointwise and ergodic theory, which offers a mathematical mean ergodic theories, respectively (see ref. 1). means to study the long-term average behavior These results consider a dynamical sys- of complex systems, such as the behavior of tem—whetheranidealgasorothercomplex molecules in a gas or the interactions of vi- systems—in which some transformation func- brating atoms in a crystal. The landmark con- tion maps the phase state of the system into cepts and methods of ergodic theory continue its state one unit of time later. “Given a mea- to play an important role in statistical mechan- sure-preserving system, a probability space ics, physics, mathematics, and other fields. that is acted on by the transformation in Ergodicity was first introduced by the a way that models physical conservation laws, Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann laid Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann in the what properties might it have?” asks Ward, 1870s, following on the originator of statisti- who is managing editor of the journal Ergodic the foundation for modern-day ergodic the- cal mechanics, physicist James Clark Max- Theory and Dynamical Systems.Themeasure ory.