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Growth Response of Different Species of Ziziphus to Inoculation With 72 Fruits (3), 174–181 | ISSN 0248-1294 print, 1625-967X online | https://doi.org/10.17660/th2017/72.3.7 | © ISHS 2017 Original article Growth response of different species of Ziziphus to inoculation , S. Mania 7 and with arbuscular1,2,3,6,a 4 mycorrhizal1,2 2 fungi 5 3 1,2 B. Thioye3,6 , A. Kane , C. Ndiaye , A. Ould Soule , D. Fall , R. Duponnois , S.N. Sylla A.M.1 Bâ 2 Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal 3 Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, BP 1386, Bel-Air Dakar, Senegal Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR113 INRA/AGRO-M/CIRAD/IRD/UM2-TA10/J, Campus 4 International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France 5 Embrapa Agrobiologia, Km 7 BR 465 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Cep 23891 000, Brazil 6 Centre National de Recherches Forestières (CNRF), BP 2312, Dakar-Hann, Senegal 7 Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles, BP 592, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France Ecole Normale Supérieure de Nouakchott, BP 990, Mauritania Summary Significance of this study Introduction – Many of species of Ziziphus are un- What is already known on this subject? derutilized crops despite their potential interests in • agroforestry systems. Except for Ziziphus mauritia- na, the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mineralThe effectiveness nutrition of arbuscularZ. mauritiana mycorrhizal seedlings. fungi (AMF) on growth and mineral nutrition of Ziziphus (AMF) is well and widely known for the growth and spp. is not known. The aim of our study was to eval- What are the new findings? uate the mycorrhizal dependency (MD) of Ziziphus • R. irregu- spp. in greenhouse conditions. Materials and meth- laris Ziziphus ods – Three isolates of AMF were used: Rhizopha- (includingMycorrhiza Z. inoculation, mauritiana particularly with gus irregularis isolate IR27, Funneliformis mosseae isolate IR27, promoted seven species of isolate DAOM227131 and Rhizoglomus intraradices greenhouse conditions. ) growth by enhancing signifi- isolate DAOM197198, on seven species of Ziziphus: cantly biomass production and nutrient uptake under Z. mauritiana, Z. lotus, Z. spina-christi, Z. mucronata, What is the expected impact on horticulture? Z. amphibia, Z. abyssinica and Z. sphaerocarpa. Plants • Rhizophagus irregularis were grown in nursery receiving 20 g portions of a crude inoculum of AMF. The experiment was set up isolate IR27 constitutes a as a 4×7 factorial design consisting of three AMF, one mancepromising of species tool for of the Ziziphus production of higher quality control (disinfected soil without inoculum) and seven nursery stock with potential improved field perfor- Ziziphus spp. Results and discussion – Inoculation by in agroforestry systems. AMF significantly improved growth and mineral nu- Résumé trition of Ziziphus spp., particularly the P nutrition. Mycorrhizal dependency values of Ziziphus spp. de- clined with AMF in the following order: R. irregularis de Ziziphus (69.51%), R. intraradices (63.58%) and F. mosseae Réponse à l’inoculation de différentes espèces (52.45%). Total length of AMF hyphae in soil samples Introductionavec – Plusieurs des champignons espèces de Ziziphus mycorhi sont- from inoculated treatments was significantly higher zienssous-utilisées à arbuscules. malgré leur intérêt potentiel dans les in all Ziziphus spp. with R. intraradices combinations. systèmes agroforestiers. L’efficacité des champignons The differences of MD among the tested Ziziphus spp. mycorhiziens à arbuscules (CMA) sur la croissance seem to be due to differences in the development of et la nutrition minérale de Ziziphus spp. n’est pas hyphal length in the soil and in P uptake by the ex- connue à l’exception de Ziziphus mauritiana. L’objec- ternal hyphae. Conclusion – Rhizophagus irregularis tif de notre étude était d’évaluer la dépendance my- constitutes a promising tool for the production of corhizienne (DM) de Ziziphus spp. en serre. Matériel higher quality nursery stock with expected improved et méthodes – Trois souches de CMA ont été utilisées: performance of Ziziphus spp. in agroforestry systems. Rhizophagus irregularis isolat IR27, Funneliformis mosseae isolat DAOM227131 et Rhizoglomus intra- Keywords radices isolat DAOM197198, sur sept espèces de Zi- Senegal, jujube, Ziziphus ziphus: Z. mauritiana, Z. lotus, Z. spina-christi, Z. mu- spp., mycorrhizal dependency, cronata, Z. amphibia, Z. abyssinica et Z. sphaerocarpa. tree nursery, mineral nutrition, hyphal length, Les plants cultivés en pépinière ont reçu une portion agroforestry system de 20 g d’inoculum de CMA. L’expérience a été mise en place suivant un dispositif de type factoriel 4×7 a Corresponding author: [email protected]. 174 International Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Horticulture et al Ziziphus Thioye . | Growth response of to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi et al et al Rhizophagus composé de trois CMA, un témoin non inoculé et irregularis Glomus aggregatum sept Ziziphus spp. Résultats et discussion – L’inocu- et al., 2012). Guissou . (1998) showed that lation avec les CMA a considérablement amélioré la , isolate IR27 (syn. Z. mauritiana IR27; [Bâ croissance et la nutrition minérale (en particulier le ., 1996]), was one of the AMFZ. providingmauritiana high growth and phosphore) des espèces de Ziziphus. Les valeurs de la Plenchettemineral nutrition et al benefits for seedlings. My- dépendance mycorhizienne des espèces de Ziziphus corrhizal dependency (MD) of et al as defined byet ont diminué suivant l’ordre : R. irregularis (69,51%), al et. al(1983), can reach a maximum of 78%. Simi- R. intraradices (63,58%) et F. mosseae (52,45%). La lar results were found byZ. Guissoumauritiana . (2001) and Sidibé longueur totale des hyphes de CMA dans les échantil- . (2012). Bâ . (2001, 2003) concluded that the absence lons de sol était significativement plus élevée dans les of AM inoculation on seedlings in nursery traitements inoculés avec R. intraradices. Les diffé- could lead to higher mortality of outplanted jujube trees in rences de DM entre Ziziphus spp. semblent être dues betweenthe field. originIt is also and well cultivars known within that responses a single species of AM (Smith inocula et- à des différences au niveau du développement et de la altion vary greatly fromet alone plant species to another and even longueur des hyphes dans le sol et de l’absorption de of considering seed provenance of Z. mauritiana when per P par les hyphes extramatricielles. Conclusion – Rhi- ., 2009). Guissou . (2016) highlighted the importance zophagus irregularis constitue un outil prometteur - pour la production de qualité supérieure de plants forming pre-selection of mycotrophic plant candidates prior en pépinière avec des performances améliorées des to large-scale fruit tree propagation in orchardsZiziphus and is subjected agrofor- espèces de Ziziphus dans les systèmes agroforestiers. estry systems. etThe al complex taxonomy in the genus Mots-clés to debates and could be betweenZ. mauritiana 86 and 170, the species Indian (Azam- jujube Ziziphus orAli ber, and., 2006). Z. jujuba However, the two major cultivated specieset al., in agroforestry systems are Sénégal, jujubier, spp., dépendance mycorhi- Ziziphus are underutilized Mill. the Chinese jujube (Azam-Ali zienne, pépinière, nutrition minérale, longueur d’hyphes, 2006). Many of other species of système agroforestier crops despite their potentialZ. mauritianainterests in, agroforestrythe effectiveness sys- Introduction tems as fruits, firewood, fodder, medicines Ziziphusand live spp.hedge is (Soule, 2011). Except for a combination of approaches including selection and multi importanceof AMF on growth for these and multipurpose mineral nutrition fruit treesof because P is Domestication of fruit trees could be achieved through not known. Arbuscular mycorrhizae may have a particular et al - jective of this work was to investigate the effects of three ofplication the promising of quality approaches planting material, that can befertilization, used in the irrigation, domesti often theRhizophagus limiting nutrient irregularis in agroforestry isolate systems. Funneliformis The ob- pruning, and controlled mycorrhization (Bâ ., 2003). One mosseae Rhizoglomus intraradices - AMF ( IR27, cation of indigenous fruit trees is the arbuscular mycorrhizal mineral nutritionisolate DAOM227131 of seven species and of Ziziphus (Z. mauritiana, (AM) inoculation, since it is established thatet al many of these Zisolate. lotus ,DAOM197198) Z. spina-christi ,on Z. mucronatamycorrhizal, Z dependency. amphibia, Z .(MD) abyssini and- fruitet trees al benefit in terms of growth and mineral nutritionet al., ca and Z. sphaerocarpa) in greenhouse conditions. from this symbiotic association (Guissou ., 1998, 2016; Bâ ., 2000, 2001; Mathur and Vyas, 2000; Sidibé Materials and methods Glomeromycota2012). The AM (Schüßlersymbioses et are al associations between roots of terrestrial plants and members of the fungal phylum Soil preparation ., 2001). These are the most The soil used in the experiment was collected from San common and widespread symbioses,et involving al 80% of land plants and at least 250 morphologically defined arbuscular - plantsmycorrhizal for nutrient fungi (AMF)capture (Davison through its network., 2015). of The external AMF galkam (14°46’N, 17°13’W), Senegal. It was a sandy soil with receive plant-synthetized carbon and increase capacity of 88.8% sand, 5.8% silt, 5.4% clay, 0.6%
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