DENISE SCANDAROLLI INACIO CENAS ESQUECIDAS Ou Vaudeville, Opéra-Comique E a Transformação Do Teatro No Rio De Janeiro, Dos An

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DENISE SCANDAROLLI INACIO CENAS ESQUECIDAS Ou Vaudeville, Opéra-Comique E a Transformação Do Teatro No Rio De Janeiro, Dos An DENISE SCANDAROLLI INACIO CENAS ESQUECIDAS ou Vaudeville, opéra-comique e a transformação do teatro no Rio de Janeiro, dos anos de 1840 CAMPINAS 2013 i ii Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Cecília Maria Jorge Nicolau - CRB 8/338 Inacio, Denise Scandarolli, 1982- In8c I naCenas Esquecidas ou vaudeville, opéra-comique e a transformação do teatro no Rio de Janeiro dos anos de 1840 / Denise Scandarolli Inacio. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2013. Ina Orientador: Edgar Salvadori de Decca. Ina Coorientador: Raphaëlle Legrand. Ina Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Ina1. Teatro francês. 2. Vaudeville. 3. Ópera - Rio de Janeiro (RJ). 4. Cultura. I. De Decca, Edgar Salvadori,1946-. II. Legrand, Raphaëlle. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. IV. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em inglês: Forgotten scenes or vaudeville, opéra-comique and the transformation of theater in Rio de Janeiro in the 1840s Palavras-chave em inglês: French theatre Vaudeville Opera - Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Culture Área de concentração: Política, Memória e Cidade Titulação: Doutora em História Banca examinadora: Edgar Salvadori de Decca [Orientador] Raphaëlle Legrand Jean Claude Yon Jurandir Malerba Paulo Külh Data de defesa: 27-05-2013 Programa de Pós-Graduação: História iv v vi À Vó Zélia, que já foi e à Sophia que acaba de chegar. vii viii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecer é fazer o caminho inverso daquele que levou à conclusão da tese, é lembrar de trás para frente os desafios, encontros, desencontros e aqueles que, de alguma forma, estiveram junto comigo no decorrer dessa interessante jornada. Por isso, eu começo agradecendo aos professores da banca, que aceitaram ler meu trabalho e comentá-lo, contribuindo para o enriquecimento e esclarecimento de muitas questões que teimam em permanecer, mesmo depois que as Considerações Finais são concluídas. Agradeço imensamente ao meu orientador, Edgar de Decca, que sempre apoiou meus devaneios e apostou em meu trabalho, me dando confiança e me direcionando quando eu tendia a sair do caminho. Agradeço muito por ter me aceito como aluna no mestrado e no doutorado e pelas horas de conversas elucidativas, que resolviam todas as pendências teóricas trazidas pelo trabalho de pesquisa. Agradeço também à minha orientadora Raphaëlle Legrand, que prontamente me aceitou como aluna e orientanda, mesmo sem saber quase nada a meu respeito ou sobre meu trabalho. Devo agradecer, também, à Capes, Fapesp e Cnpq, que tornaram possível o desenrolar das pesquisas. Agradeço ainda aos amigos que me acompanharam nesses anos, cuja contribuição foi fundamental para que meu trabalho tomasse a forma que tomou. Não vou citar nomes para não incorrer no risco de esquecer alguém, erro imperdoável. Obrigada à minha família, a quem chega a ser dispensável expressar os agradecimentos, porque sem ela nada disso seria possível. Mas, devo um muito obrigada especial à minha mãe, Rita de Cássia Scandarolli, que sempre esteve ao meu lado, acreditou em mim, me apoiou, não importando quem deveria enfrentar. Além do seu apoio, o seu exemplo me impulsionou para a vida, para ter coragem de transpor todos os desafios. Obrigada ao Fábio Bandeira, meu amor, pelo companheirismo e dedicação, e à Sophia, pequenina, que chegou no meio do processo e se tornou todo o meu mundo. ix x RESUMO Nos anos de 1840, chegaram ao Rio de Janeiro duas companhias francesas de teatro, se instalaram em teatros da corte e começaram a apresentar um repertório bastante específico, vaudevilles e opéra-comiques. É da Compagnie Dramatique Française e da Compagnie Lyrique Française que esta tese vai se ocupar. Apesar de haver um verdadeiro silêncio sobre a trajetória desses dois grupos de artistas, o impacto que sua atuação causou nas práticas teatrais da corte brasileira é fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento de vários eixos ligados a essa arte, como a crítica artística, os regimentos das salas de espetáculos, o discurso que buscava a estruturação de um teatro nacional, a censura, o confronto com os significados do “civilizado” e dos valores franceses, etc. Dessa forma, compreender os mecanismos de atuação desses artistas franceses no Rio de Janeiro e as relações que eles estabeleceram entre as diversas instâncias ligadas à arte, possibilita entender os processos de formação cultural da corte e os diálogos estabelecidos com a arte francesa, os quais envolvem muito mais o estranhamento que o reconhecimento. Palavras-chave: Teatro Francês, Vaudeville, Opéra-Comique, Cultura, Representação xi xii RÉSUMÉ Dans les années 1840, deux troupes françaises sont arrivées à Rio de Janeiro, elles se sont installées dans les théâtres de la Cour où elles ont présenté des genres théâtrales spécifique, des vaudevilles et des opéra-comiques. C’est précisément de la Compagnie Dramatique Française et de la Compagnie Lyrique Française que cette thèse s’attachera. Bien qu’il y a un vrai silence à propos de la histoire de ces deux troupes, l’impacte que leurs actions ont suscité dans les pratiques théâtrales de la Cour du Brésil est fondamental dans le développement de plusieurs axes liés à cet art, par exemple la critique d’art, les régiments de fonctionnement des salles de spectacle, le discours qui cherchait l’organisation d’un théâtre national, la censure, le confrontation avec les significations de « civilisé » e des valeurs français. Ainsi, la compréhension des mécanismes d’action de ces artistes français à Rio de Janeiro et les relations qu’ils ont établie entre les différentes entités liées à l’art, permet comprendre les precessus de formation cultural de la Cour et des dialogues établies avec l’art français, qui implique bien l’éloignement que la reconnaissance. Mot-clé: Théâtre Français, Vaudeville, Opéra-Comique, Culture, Représentation xiii xiv ABSTRACT In the 1840s, the French theater companies Compagnie Française Dramatique, and Compagnie Française Lyrique arrived in Rio de Janeiro. They settled in the Brazilian court with a specific repertoire composed mostly by vaudeville and opéra-comiques, and even though little was known about the story of these two group, their actions impacted theatrical practices of the court. This thesis addresses the story of these French companies. They were fundamental in the development of multiple axes, and remarkably connected with regiments of spectacle rooms, artistic criticism, censorship, to structure a national theater and confronted with the meanings of "civilized" and French values. One can therefore understand the cultural dialogues established with French art by the mechanisms of action of these artists in Rio de Janeiro, and the relationships established among the different entities related to the Art. Keywords: French Theater, Vaudeville, Opéra-Comique, Culture, Representation xv xvi A gente principia as coisas no não saber porque, e desde aí perde o poder de continuação. Guimarães Rosa, Grande Sertões: Veredas Il est de la nature de l’évidence qu’elle passe inaperçue. Jean Palhan, De la Paille et du Grain xvii xviii SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO: Preâmbulos do Silêncio p. 21 LES THÉÂTRES FRANÇAIS À RIO DE JANEIRO p. 29 CAPÍTULO I – UM TEATRO FRANCÊS NO RIO DE JANEIRO p. 57 1.1 Rio de Janeiro, a cidade e seus espetáculos p. 64 1.2 Construções de imaginários p. 72 1.3 Em busca de europeus: a imigração e os p. 79 artistas franceses 1.4 Bem vindo novo teatro do Velho Mundo: o Brasil p. 86 nos palcos da Modernidade CAPÍTULO II – ENTRE TEATRO E ESTADO, O NASCIMENTO p. 95 DO VAUDEVILLE E DO OPÉRA-COMIQUE 2.1 Regras e normas para teatros franceses p. 101 2.2 O teatro e o Estado - Distinção entre os gêneros p. 108 2.3 O século XIX e a promoção do “gênero menor” p. 120 2.4 Opéra-Comique, um espaço de experimentação e p. 128 Vaudeville como Teatro Real CAPÍTULO III – REMINISCÊNCIAS: THÉÂTRE FRANÇAIS p. 143 E O ESTRANHAMENTO DOS COSTUMES 3.1 Repertório do Théâtre Français e a consciência de gêneros p. 150 no Rio de Janeiro 3.2 Os artistas franceses e a corte brasileira p. 161 3.3 A voz do ponto e as mudanças no cenário teatral p. 179 xix fluminense 3.4 Costumes, censura e sobrevivência p. 191 3.5 Poderes e resistência, o desfecho silencioso do Teatro Francês p. 214 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS p. 227 FONTES p. 231 BIBLIOGRAFIA p. 233 ANEXOS - CD p. 241 1. Relação dos vaudevilles e opéra-comiques representados nos teatros do Rio de Janeiro (1832 e 1848) 2. Catálogo de vaudevilles e opéra-comiques representados nos teatros do Rio de Janeiro (1832 e 1848) xx INTRODUÇÃO: Preâmbulos do Silêncio A década de 1840 presenciou uma profunda modificação nas práticas teatrais da corte brasileira. Foi exatamente no ano de 1840 que desembarcou no Rio de Janeiro um grupo de artistas franceses, organizados como Companhia Dramática, dando início às apresentações de gêneros bastante específicos e pouco familiares ao público fluminense – vaudevilles e opéra- comiques. Além do repertório pouco conhecido, esses artistas estabeleceram uma nova forma de se fazer teatro, com récitas fixas e com a apresentação de grande quantidade de obras inéditas em um curto período de tempo. Outra diferença era a maneira de encenar que demonstrava maior rigor e preocupação com questões técnicas se comparado às práticas existentes no principal teatro da corte até então, o teatro de São Pedro de Alcântara. De início, a chegada da Companhia Dramática Francesa se transformou em um ponto de esperança nos discursos dos “homens de letras” e diletantes, que eram encarregados da crítica teatral publicada nos periódicos fluminenses, enfatizando a insatisfação dos mesmos quanto às práticas adotadas pelos artistas do teatro de São Pedro. O apoio da crítica ao teatro francês1, instalado no teatro de São Januário, esteve presente nas publicações dos jornais do Rio de Janeiro durante todo o período de existência da Companhia, a qual se desagregou em meados de 1846.
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