DOCSLIB.ORG

Cronobacter Muytjensii ATCC 51329 (T)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cronobacter Muytjensii ATCC 51329 (T) Characterization and Application Study of Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Cronobacter muytjensii ATCC 51329 (T) Gitanjali G. Mane, Govind S. Bhosle and Venkat S. Hamde Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences An International Journal P- ISSN: 0976-1675 E- ISSN: 2249-4538 Volume: 12 Issue: 03 Res Jr of Agril Sci (2021) 12: 781–788 CARAS Res. Jr. of Agril. Sci. (May-Jun 2021) 12(3): 781–788 www.rjas.org Full Length Research Article Characterization and Application Study of Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Cronobacter muytjensii ATCC 51329 (T) Gitanjali G. Mane*1, Govind S. Bhosle2 and Venkat S. Hamde3 Received: 10 Mar 2021 | Revised accepted: 05 May 2021 | Published online: 17 May 2021 © CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences) 2021 A B S T R A C T In present study exopolysaccharide was produced from Cronobacter muytjensii ATCC 51329 (T) and purified by extraction followed by dialysis. The present exopolysaccharide was characterized as heteropolysaccharide in nature by RP-HPLC. HRMS analysis revealed that the peak at 9.8, 10.1, 13.8, 15.0, 15.9 were corresponds to Glucose, Galactose, Arabinose, Xylose, Rhamnose respectively. The partially purified exopolysaccharide obtained from cronobacter spp. showed 28.40% and 244.905±2.69% of water solubility index and water holding capacity respectively. The emulsifying activity for xylene was higher (63.955±0.45) followed by coconut oil (61.225±0.19). Exopolysaccharide has maximum antioxidant activity (100%) at 5 mg/ml with an EC50 value was 0.1 mg/ml. Exopolysaccharide showed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. auroginosa, S. aureus and B. subtillus with MIC values 11.41 μg/mL, 16.98 μg/mL, 18.11 μg/mL, 13.16 μg/mL respectively. Anticancer activity of exopolysaccharide was studied by MTT assayat the highest tested concentration (1000 μg/mL). The inhibitory effects of exopolysaccharide increased to 91.6±6.5% and 91.5±5.8% against HepG-2 and HeLa cell lines respectively. Hemolytic activity showed that the EPS has negligible toxicity on human RBCs. The present properties specify the potential use of EPS as water holding, emulsifying, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. Key words: RP-HPLC, Anticancer, MTT assay, Antioxidant, Emulsifying EPSs are high molecular weight polymers composed of (Orsod et al. 2012). EPS helps bacteria in the cell adherence to saccharide subunits and are synthesized and secreted by surfaces, in biofilm formation, pathogenesis, protecting microorganisms into the surrounding environment. against osmotic shock, toxic stress, and antibacterial Microorganisms produce large spectrum multifunctional compounds microbial aggregation, cell protection, also polysaccharides including intracellular polysaccharides, involved in symbiosis [5-7]. structural polysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides or Natural polysaccharides have the advantages of being, exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Exopolysaccharides generally non-toxic, ecofriendly and biodegradable are less harmful than consist of monosaccharides subunits linked with α- or β- synthetic polymers [8-9]. Over the past few decades, the glycosidic linkage and some non-carbohydrate substituents number of known exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by (such as protein, nucleic acids, lipids, acetate, pyruvate, microbial fermentation has gradually increased [10]. succinate, and phosphate) [1]. EPSs can be classified into Microbial EPSs showed diversity in physico-chemical homo- or hetero- as well as neutral, acidic, or basic properties due to differences in monosaccharide composition polysaccharides based on monosaccharide content, organic and sequence, branching degree, and type of linkage and and inorganic substituents present [2-3]. These EPSs are polymerization. This diversity of characteristics has drawn metabolic products accumulated in the bacterial cell wall, attention to the industrial applicability of EPSs in different provide protection to microbial cells and serve as carbon and fields [11-12]. Interest in the exploitation of microorganisms energy source [4]. EPS plays an important task in interaction for production of valuable polysaccharides has greatly between bacteria and their surrounding environment [1] increased in recent years, since these biopolymers produced by a variety of microorganisms are chemically well defined * Gitanjali G. Mane and have attracted worldwide attention due to their novel and [email protected] unique physical properties such as bioadhesives, 1-2 bioflocculants, biosorbents, gelling agents, probiotics, Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari stabilizing, emulsifying, gelling, thicking agent in different Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai, District Beed - 431 517, fields. EPS used in various industries, such in the Maharashtra, India bionanotechnology, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, concrete 3 Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical additives, in enhanced oil recovery, metal recovery and waste Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India water treatment. In medical field EPS used as immune- CARAS Res. Jr. of Agril. Sci. (May-Jun) 12(3): 781–788 782 modulator, antitumor, antiviral, and antiulcer and antioxidant, for 15 minutes. The final pellet obtained was dried at 60°C in and in drug delivery as coating agent [13]. oven [24]. Obtained EPS was dissolved in water and dialyzed It was considered from long time that root nodule again double distilled water for two to three days with occupation was restricted to rhizobia, but later wide range of changing water. Dialyzed EPS was again purified by α-, β-, and γ- Proteobacteria have been isolated from root lyophylization and used for application. nodules of different leguminous plants as root nodulating bacteria. Non-symbiotic nodule endophytes have been poorly EPS characterization studied as compared to symbiotic root nodulating bacteria [14- Hydrolysis of Exopolysacchride 15]. Different genera of bacteria have been presented as The obtained EPS was characterized by the method endophyticinclude Bacilus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, given by [25]. For hydrolysis 2 mg of partially purified EPS Rhodopseudomonas, Enterobacteria etc. [16]. It was was dissolved in 2 mL of 4M trifluoroacetic acid in a screw previously reported that the Cronobacter species might be of capped autoclavable tube and heated to 110°C in an oil bath plant origin due to its physiological features such as gum like for 8 h. The reaction mixture after cooling was centrifuged at exopolysaccharide production, and its desiccation resistance 1000 rpm and later neutralized by the addition of 0.3 M [17]. The isolation of Cronobacter has been reported from NaOH. This mixture was then used for derivatization with wide spectrum of environmental sources including soil, water, Anthranilic acid (AA). vegetables, and herbs, and also from rice, and soybean plants [18]. Patent for food thickener was reported for Derivatization of oligosaccharide with Anthranilic acid (AA) polysaccharide material extracted from Enterobacter sakazakii As optimized by [26] AA labeling of monosacchrides isolated from Chinese tea [19-20]. for capillary electrophoresis. They suggested 0.2M AA and 1 Based on characterization data, suitability of EPS for M NaBH3CN (Sodium cyanoborohydried) as the optimum product and industrial application can be determined easily. If condition for the reaction. We found this condition worked properly characterized, these biopolymers could serve as well on our polyssachride. Although AA is difficult to stabilizers, restorative agents, thickeners, excipients, dissolve in water, it does dissolve well in water when heated emulsifiers, bio based encapsulants, coating agents and texture in presence of NaBH3CN. Therefore, NaBH3CN is prepared modifiers [21-22]. In the present research EPS obtained from first and then AA reagent is dissolved in this solution by Cronobacter muytjensii was characterized by RP-HPLC; heating at the reaction temperature (65°C). furthermore, its various applications were studied such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant and hemolytic activities. Recovery of AA tagged saccharide Precipitation with acetonitrile made it convenient to MATERIALS AND METHODS collect AA tagged monosacchrides. Most of which were attached to the wall of container after addition of acetonitrile Isolation and identification of Cronobacter muytjensii and vortexing. This precipitate after careful removal of EPS producing bacterial culture was isolated from acetonitrile can be used directly for RP-HPLC. healthy, pink colored, unbroken root nodules of leguminous plant soybean (Glycin max). Isolated bacterial culture further RP-HPLC purification and HRMS analysis of AA labeled identified by morphological, biochemical characterization and saccharide by 16s rRNA technology. The resulting precipitate was dissolved in 50% acetonitrile in water. The solution was then filtered through EPS production and extraction 0.22 μm filter (Millipore Inc, USA) diluted with water and Inoculum preparation analyzed by RP-HPLC instrument (waters) at 303 nm, in a For inoculum preparation one loopful of isolated C18 column 250 x 4.16 mm, stainless steel column packed bacterial culture was transferred in Erlenmeyer flask (100 mL) with Octadecylsilane (C18) bonded to porous silica. The flow containing 25 mL YEM broth supplemented with 1% mannitol rate was maintained at 1.5 mL/min and the injected volume is as carbon source. The flasks were incubated at 30±20C for 24 50μl. hours on a rotary shaker. After 24 hours of incubation 1.5 mL inoculum with constant growth
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER 1: General Introduction and Aims 1.1 the Genus Cronobacter: an Introduction
    Diversity and virulence of the genus Cronobacter revealed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and comparative genomic analysis Susan Manju Joseph A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2013 Experimental work contained in this thesis is original research carried out by the author, unless otherwise stated, in the School of Science and Technology at the Nottingham Trent University. No material contained herein has been submitted for any other degree, or at any other institution. This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights. Susan Manju Joseph ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my immense gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Stephen Forsythe for having offered me the opportunity to work on this very exciting project and for having been a motivating and inspiring mentor as well as friend through every stage of this PhD. His constant encouragement and availability for frequent meetings have played a very key role in the progress of this research project. I would also like to thank my co-supervisors, Dr. Alan McNally and Prof. Graham Ball for all the useful advice, guidance and participation they provided during the course of this PhD study.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S5. the Information of the Bacteria Annotated in the Soil Community at Species Level
    Table S5. The information of the bacteria annotated in the soil community at species level No. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species The number of contigs Abundance(%) 1 Firmicutes Bacilli Bacillales Bacillaceae Bacillus Bacillus cereus 1749 5.145782459 2 Bacteroidetes Cytophagia Cytophagales Hymenobacteraceae Hymenobacter Hymenobacter sedentarius 1538 4.52499338 3 Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadales Gemmatimonadaceae Gemmatirosa Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesis 1020 3.000970902 4 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas indica 797 2.344876284 5 Firmicutes Bacilli Lactobacillales Streptococcaceae Lactococcus Lactococcus piscium 542 1.594633558 6 Actinobacteria Thermoleophilia Solirubrobacterales Conexibacteraceae Conexibacter Conexibacter woesei 471 1.385742446 7 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas taxi 430 1.265115184 8 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas wittichii 388 1.141545794 9 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas sp. FARSPH 298 0.876754244 10 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sorangium cellulosum 260 0.764953367 11 Proteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria Myxococcales Polyangiaceae Sorangium Sphingomonas sp. Cra20 260 0.764953367 12 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas panacis 252 0.741416341
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Prevalence and Identification by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Patterns of Cronobacter Spp. Isolated from Plant
    Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos ISSN: 0101-2061 [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Brasil AKSU, Filiz; SANDIKÇI ALTUNATMAZ, Sema; ISSA, Ghassan; ÖZMEN TOGAY, Sine; AKSU, Harun Prevalence and identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction patterns of Cronobacter spp. isolated from plant-based foods Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, vol. 36, núm. 4, octubre-diciembre, 2016, pp. 730-736 Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=395949545024 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative a ISSN 0101-2061 Identification of Cronobacter isolated from foodstuff Food Science and Technology DDOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.16916 Prevalence and identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction patterns of Cronobacter spp. isolated from plant-based foods Filiz AKSU1*, Sema SANDIKÇI ALTUNATMAZ1, Ghassan ISSA2, Sine ÖZMEN TOGAY3, Harun AKSU4 Abstract Cronobacter spp. involves a group of opportunistic pathogens that cause meningitis in newborns, immunosuppressed individuals with a mortality rate of 50-80%. Seven species like C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, C. dublinensis, C. universalis, C. condimenti are included in this genus which has been a subject of research especially in the bacteriologic analysis of baby foods. However, since these species were detected also in prepared foodstuffs. The objective of this study was to assert the presence of Cronobacter spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence, Distribution, and Phylogeny of Type Two Toxin-Antitoxin Genes Possessed by Cronobacter Species Where C. Sakazakii Homologs Follow Sequence Type Lineages
    microorganisms Article Prevalence, Distribution, and Phylogeny of Type Two Toxin-Antitoxin Genes Possessed by Cronobacter Species where C. sakazakii Homologs Follow Sequence Type Lineages Samantha Finkelstein, Flavia Negrete, Hyein Jang, Jayanthi Gangiredla, Mark Mammel, Isha R. Patel, Hannah R. Chase, JungHa Woo, YouYoung Lee, Caroline Z. Wang, Leah Weinstein, Ben D. Tall * and Gopal R. Gopinath Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 MuirKirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; sfi[email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (F.N.); [email protected] (H.J.); [email protected] (J.G.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (I.R.P.); [email protected] (H.R.C.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (C.Z.W.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (G.R.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 4 October 2019; Accepted: 9 November 2019; Published: 12 November 2019 Abstract: Cronobacter species are a group of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that cause both intestinal and systemic human disease in individuals of all age groups. Little is known about the mechanisms that Cronobacter employ to survive and persist in foods and other environments. Toxin–antitoxin (TA) genes are thought to play a role in bacterial stress physiology, as well as in the stabilization of horizontally-acquired re-combinatorial elements such as plasmids, phage, and transposons. TA systems have been implicated in the formation of a persistence phenotype in some bacterial species including Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
    [Show full text]
  • Biocontrol of Cronobacter Spp. Using Bacteriophage in Infant Formula
    i Biocontrol of Cronobacter spp. using Bacteriophage in Infant Formula by Reza Abbasifar A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Science Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Reza Abbasifar, May, 2013 ii ABSTRACT Biocontrol of Cronobacter spp. using Bacteriophage in Infant Formula Reza Abbasifar Advisor: Dr. Mansel W. Griffiths University of Guelph, 2013 Co-Advisor: Dr. Parviz M. Sabour The purpose of this research was to explore the potential application of lytic phages to control Cronobacter spp. in infant formula. More than two hundred and fifty phages were isolated from various environmental samples against different strains of Cronobacter spp. Selected phages were characterized by morphology, host range, and cross infectivity. The genomes of five novel Cronobacter phages [vB_CsaM_GAP31 (GAP31), vB_CsaM_GAP32 (GAP32), vB_CsaP_GAP52 (GAP52), vB_CsaM_GAP161 (GAP161), vB_CsaP_GAP227 (GAP227)] were sequenced. Phage GAP32 possess the second largest phage genome sequenced to date, and it is proposed that GAP32 belongs to a new genus of “Gap32likeviruses”. Phages GAP52 and GAP227 are the first C. sakazakii podoviruses whose genomes have been sequenced. None of the sequenced genomes showed homology to virulent or lysogenic genes. In addition, in vivo administration of phage GAP161 in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae showed no negative effects on the wellbeing of the larvae and could effectively prevent Cronobacter infection in the larvae. A cocktail of five phages was highly effective for biocontrol of three Cronobacter sakazakii strains present as a mixed culture in both broth media and contaminated reconstituted infant formula. This phage cocktail could be iii potentially used to control C.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/Ijsem.0.001485
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 5575–5599 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001485 Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the ‘Enterobacteriales’: proposal for Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov., Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Mobolaji Adeolu,† Seema Alnajar,† Sohail Naushad and Radhey S. Gupta Correspondence Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Radhey S. Gupta L8N 3Z5, Canada [email protected] Understanding of the phylogeny and interrelationships of the genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ has proven difficult using the 16S rRNA gene and other single-gene or limited multi-gene approaches. In this work, we have completed comprehensive comparative genomic analyses of the members of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ which includes phylogenetic reconstructions based on 1548 core proteins, 53 ribosomal proteins and four multilocus sequence analysis proteins, as well as examining the overall genome similarity amongst the members of this order. The results of these analyses all support the existence of seven distinct monophyletic groups of genera within the order ‘Enterobacteriales’. In parallel, our analyses of protein sequences from the ‘Enterobacteriales’ genomes have identified numerous molecular characteristics in the forms of conserved signature insertions/deletions, which are specifically shared by the members of the identified clades and independently support their monophyly and distinctness. Many of these groupings, either in part or in whole, have been recognized in previous evolutionary studies, but have not been consistently resolved as monophyletic entities in 16S rRNA gene trees. The work presented here represents the first comprehensive, genome- scale taxonomic analysis of the entirety of the order ‘Enterobacteriales’.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for a Direct Link Between the Tol-Pal Protein Complex and Gram Negative Bacteria Cell Division Via an Interaction Between Tolq and the Divisome Protein Ftsn
    EVIDENCE FOR A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN THE TOL-PAL PROTEIN COMPLEX AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA CELL DIVISION VIA AN INTERACTION BETWEEN TOLQ AND THE DIVISOME PROTEIN FTSN Mary A. Teleha A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2013 Committee: Dr. Ray A. Larsen, Advisor Dr. Roudabeh J. Jamasbi Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Rex L. Lowe Dr. Adam C. Miller Dr. Vipaporn Phuntumart Dr. Scott O. Rogers ii ABSTRACT Ray Larsen, Advisor The TolQ protein functions to couple cytoplasmic membrane-derived energy to support outer membrane processes in Gram negative bacteria. With other products of the widely-conserved tol-pal gene cluster, TolQ has been linked to the process of bacterial cell division. When present in excess, TolQ disrupts cell division, leading to filamentous growth of Escherichia coli. The potential role of TolQ in Gram negative cell division was investigated by a number of methods, including growth assays and immunoblot, two-hybrid, and mutational analyses. This filamentation phenotype is specific for TolQ over-expression independent of TolA and TolR levels, with the degree of filamentation directly proportional to TolQ levels. Over-expression of E. coli TolQ in closely related species indicates that this property of TolQ is not E. coli specific, as excess TolQ leads to a comparable phenotype in other Gram negatives. Bacterial two-hybrid analysis indicates a potential in vivo interaction between TolQ and the divisome protein FtsN, ostensibly one that competitively diverts FtsN from functioning efficiently during late-stage cell division.
    [Show full text]
  • Enterobacter Sakazakii)
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2011), 21(5), 509–514 doi: 10.4014/jmb.1007.07059 First published online 3 March 2011 The Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Korean Isolates of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) Kim, Jung-Beom1, Suk-Ho Kang1, Yong-Bae Park1, Jae-Ho Choi2, Sung-Jin Park2,3, Seung-Hak Cho4, Mi-Sun Park4, Hae Kyung Lee5, Na-Jung Choi2, Ha-Na Kim2, and Deog-Hwan Oh2* 1Division of Health Research and Planning, Gyeonggi-do Research Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Korea 2School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea 3Center of Senior Industry, Youngdong University, Youngdong-gun, Chungbuk 370-701, Korea 4Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Seoul 122-701, Korea 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University College of Medicine, Uijongbu 480-130, Korea Received: July 30, 2010 / Revised: February 8, 2011 / Accepted: February 11, 2011 This study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic and was initially known as yellow-pigmented Enterobacter genotypic characteristics of Korean isolates of Cronobacter cloacae and reclassified based on biochemical characteristics, spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii). A total of 43 Cronobacter DNA-DNA hybridization, and antibiotic susceptibility spp., including 5 clinical isolates, 34 food isolates, 2 patterns in 1980 [5, 18]. Cronobacter spp. infection, which environmental isolates, and 2 reference strains (C. sakazakii causes life-threatening meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing ATCC 29004 and C. muytjensii ATCC51329) were used in enterocolitis in infants, has been implicated in foodborne this study. Korean isolates of Cronobacter spp. were outbreaks worldwide [17, 22]. The pathogen has been divided into 11 biogroups according to their biochemical isolated from a variety of food, clinical, and environmental profiles and 3 genomic groups based on the analysis of sources including cheese, vegetables, grains, soil, and powdered their 16S rRNA gene sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Cronobacter: an Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen Associated with Neonatal Meningitis, Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis
    Journal of Perinatology (2013) 33, 581–585 & 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved 0743-8346/13 www.nature.com/jp STATE-OF-THE-ART Cronobacter: an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with neonatal meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis CJ Hunter1,2 and JF Bean1 Members of the genus Cronobacter are an emerging group of opportunist Gram-negative pathogens. This genus was previously thought to be a single species, called Enterobacter sakazakii. Cronobacter spp. typically affect low-birth-weight neonates, causing life-threatening meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. Outbreaks of disease have been associated with contaminated infant formula, although the primary environmental source remains elusive. Advanced understanding of these bacteria and better classification has been obtained by improved detection techniques and genomic analysis. Research has begun to characterize the virulence factors and pathogenic potential of Cronobacter. Investigations into sterilization techniques and protocols for minimizing the risk of contamination have been reviewed at national and international forums. In this review, we explore the clinical impact of Cronobacter neonatal and pediatric infections, discuss virulence and pathogenesis, and review prevention and treatment strategies. Journal of Perinatology (2013) 33, 581–585; doi:10.1038/jp.2013.26; published online 28 March 2013 Keywords: Cronobacter sakazakii; meningitis; necrotizing enterocolitis; neonatal infections; infant formula INTRODUCTION single clinical setting.10 Cronobacter neonatal infection rates Cronobacter is an emerging genus of opportunistic Gram-negative remain low and are reported in the USA as one Cronobacter pathogens associated with potentially fatal neonatal infections, infection per 100 000 infants, 8.7 per 100 000 low-birth-weight including meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).1 neonates, and one Cronobacter infection per 10 660 very low- 13 These infections typically affect our smallest and most vulnerable birth-weight neonates.
    [Show full text]
  • Cronobocter Condimenti Sp. Novv Isolated from Spiced Meat And
    1 i Cronobocter condimenti sp. novv isolated from spiced meat and 2 Cronobocter universalis sp. novv a novel species designation for 3 Cronobocter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, 4 water, and food ingredients 5 6 Susan Joseph1, Esin Cetinkaya2, Hana Drahovska3, Arturo Levican4, Maria J. Figueras4 and 7 Stephen J. Forsythe1 8 1School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, 9 UK, NG118NS. 10 2 Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ankara University, Turkey 11 3 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 12 Bratislava, Slovakia 13 4 Unit of Microbiology, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Sant Llorenc, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain 14 15 Running title: Two new Cronobacter species. 16 Subject category: New taxa 17 18 Author for correspondence: Stephen J Forsythe. School of Science and Technology, 19 Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK, NG11 8NS. Tel: +115 8483529, 20 Fax: +115 8486636. Email: [email protected]. 21 22 The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene (1361 bp) of strains 23 1330T, NCTC 9529T, 1435, 731 and 96 are FN539031, EF059877, JN205049, JN205050 and 24 JN205051 respectively; the accession numbers for the genes atpD, fusA, glnS, gltB, gyrB, 25 infB, ppsA of strains 1330T, NCTC 9529T, C. sakazakii ATCC 29544T, C. malonaticus LMG 26 23826T, C. turicensis LMG 23827T, C. muytjensii ATCC 51329T, C. dublinensis LMG 23823Tand 27 Citrobacter koseri CDC 3613-631 used in MLSA are from JF268258 to JF268314; they can also 28 be directly accessed from the Cronobacter MLST database website 29 (http://www.pubMLST.org/cronobacter) developed by Keith Jolley and sited at the 30 University of Oxford (Jolley et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taxonomy of Enterobacter Sakazakii: Proposal of a New Genus Cronobacter Gen
    Iversen, C; Lehner, A D; Mullane, N; Bidlas, E; Cleenwerck, I; Marugg, J; Fanning, S; Stephan, R; Joosten, H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7:64. University of Zurich Postprint available at: Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.unizh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.unizh.ch Winterthurerstr. 190 Originally published at: CH-8057 Zurich BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7:64 http://www.zora.unizh.ch Year: 2007 The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1 Iversen, C; Lehner, A D; Mullane, N; Bidlas, E; Cleenwerck, I; Marugg, J; Fanning, S; Stephan, R; Joosten, H Iversen, C; Lehner, A D; Mullane, N; Bidlas, E; Cleenwerck, I; Marugg, J; Fanning, S; Stephan, R; Joosten, H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Surface Proteins of Cronobacter Muytjensii Using Monoclonal Antibodies and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Ziad W
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Department of Food Science Faculty Publications Department of Food Science 6-25-2011 Characterization of Surface Proteins of Cronobacter Muytjensii Using Monoclonal Antibodies and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Ziad W. Jaradat Abrar M. Rashdan Qotaiba O. Ababneh Saied A. Jaradat Arun K. Bhunia Purdue University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/foodscipubs Recommended Citation Jaradat, Ziad W.; Rashdan, Abrar M.; Ababneh, Qotaiba O.; Jaradat, Saied A.; and Bhunia, Arun K., "Characterization of Surface Proteins of Cronobacter Muytjensii Using Monoclonal Antibodies and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry" (2011). Department of Food Science Faculty Publications. Paper 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-148 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Jaradat et al. BMC Microbiology 2011, 11:148 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/11/148 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Characterization of surface proteins of Cronobacter muytjensii using monoclonal antibodies and MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry Ziad W Jaradat1*, Abrar M Rashdan1, Qotaiba O Ababneh1,2, Saied A Jaradat1,3 and Arun K Bhunia4 Abstract Background: Cronobacter spp. is a newly emerging pathogen that causes meningitis in infants and other diseases in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This study was undertaken to investigate surface antigenic determinants in Cronobacter spp. using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry. Results: Spleenocytes from mice that were immunized with heat-killed (20 min, 80°C) Cronobacter cells were fused with SP2 myeloma cells.
    [Show full text]