DOCSLIB.ORG

Plantdisease64n01 45.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plantdisease64n01 45.Pdf (5). A Hemicycliophora sp. was discov- (26); Aphelenchoides sp. beneath barley these nematodes are as yet undetermined ered beneath alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on and wheat (11,12); A. vigor Thorne & in North Dakota. Changes in crops and 21 August 1977 (5). Twelve new species Malek beneath prairie sod (26); Aphelen- cultural practices such as conservation were detected -in various plant associa- chus sp. beneath barley and wheat (11); tillage and increased use of irrigation may tions. These species were Helicotylenchus Basiroides obliquus Thorne and Malek result in increased nematode populations digonicus Perry et al beneath red clover (26); Deladenus durus Thorne beneath and ensuing economic problems. In (Trifolium pratense) on 31 August 1977 prairie sod (26); Geocenamus tenidudens addition, as complex root diseases are (5,13), H. platyurus Perry et al beneath Thorne and Malek beneath prairie sod unraveled, nematodes may be found to grasses on 3 October 1977 and oak (26); Helicotylenchus leiocephalus Sher play an important role. This report (Quercus sp.) on 20 October 1977 (5,13), (21,26); H. erythrinae Golden beneath should aid future workers in determining H. pseudorobustus Golden beneath sugar beet (2); H. nannus Steiner beneath what plant parasitic nematodes are grasses on 15 August and 3 October 1977 sugar beet (2); Heterodera cacti group on present and may be involved in plant and red clover on 31 August 1977 (5,21), potato (Solanum tuberosum) (20); H. disease problems in North Dakota. H. varicaudatus Yuen beneath aspen schachtii Schmidt on sugar beet (reported (Populus sp.) and oak on 20 October 1977 in Cass county in 1958 but not found (5,28), Macroposthonia raskiensis de subsequently) (2,21); Hoplolaimus sp. LITERATURE CITED Grisse & Loof beneath grasses on 3 beneath sugar beet (2,12); Meloidogyne 1. ALLEN, M. W. 1955. A review of the nematode October 1977 (5,7,21,26), Merlinius acrita Esser, Perry and Taylor (reported genus Tylenchorhynchus. Univ. Calif. Pub. leptus Siddiqi beneath sumac (Rhus sp.) as M. incognita in the greenhouse, occurs Zool. 61:129-166. 2. CAVENESS, F. E. 1958. A study of nematodes on 31 August 1977 (5,16), Nothocrico- only in the greenhouse and in flower beds associated with sugar beet production in selected nemapermistus de Grisse beneath grasses above steam pipes on the North Dakota northwest and north central states. Sugar Beet on 15 August 1977 (5,21), Paratylenchus State University campus) (11,12); Merlin- Development Foundation. Ft. Collins, CO. hamatus Thorne & Allen beneath alfalfa ius lineatus Siddiqi beneath barley 157 pp. 3. CAVENESS, F. E. 1959. Trophurus minneso- on 31 August and grasses on 15 August (11,16); M. stegus Siddiqi (16,26); M. tensis (Caveness 1958) n. comb. Proc. Helmin- 1977 (5,25), P. vexans Thorne and Malek varians Siddiqi (16,26); Negelus aberrans thol. Soc. Wash. 26:64. beneath grasses on 3 October 1977 (5,26), Thorne and Malek beneath prairie sod 4. CHRISTIE, J. R., and V. G. PERRY. 1951. Pratylenchus fallax Seinhorst beneath (26); Neotylenchus nudus Thorne and Removing nematodes from soil. Proc. Helmin- thol. Soc. Wash. 18:106-108. oak on 20 October 1977 (5,14), Tylencho- Malek (26); Paratylenchus nannus 5. DONALD, P. A. 1978. Plant nematodes in and rhynchus maximus Allen in a cultivated Thorne and Smolik (27); Paratylenchus relevant to North Dakota. M.S. thesis, North field on 18 July and beneath grasses on 15 sp. beneath barley and sugar beet (2,12); Dakota State University, Fargo. 70 pp. August 1977 (1,5), and Tylenchus Pratylenchus agilis Thorne and Malek 6. FISHER, K. D., and J. McGUIRE. 1963. Occur- rence of Heterodera cysts in association with vulgaris Brzeski beneath oak on 20 beneath prairie sod (26); P. minyus Sher sugar beets in eastern South Dakota. Plant Dis. October 1977 (5,21). and Allen beneath sugar beet (2); Rep. 47:1060-1061. Earlier reports of certain plant parasitic Punctoderapunctata Mulvey and Stone 7. LUC, M. 1970. Contribution a 1etude du genre nematodes were confirmed. These nema- on potato and wheat (9,11,12,20); Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 (Nematoda: Crinconemoidae). Cah. ORSTOM Ser. Biol. todes were Aphelenchus avenae Bastian Rotylenchus spp. beneath sugar beet (2); 11:69-131. beneath aspen on 20 October, corn (Zea Tetylenchus joctus Thorne beneath 8. MALEK, R. B. 1968. The daggar nematode, mays) on 31 August, flax (Linum wheat (11,12,24); Thada tatra Thorne Xiphinema americanum, associated with decline usitatissimum) on 18 October, and sugar and Malek (26); Trichodorus sp. beneath of shelterbelt trees in South Dakota. Plant Dis. beet Rep. 52:795-798. (Beta vulgaris) on 15 October 1977 barley (11,12); Trophurus minnesotensis 9. MULVEY, R. H., and A. R. STONE. 1976. (5,21,26); Helicotylenchus exallus Sher Caveness (3,26); Tylenchorhynchus Description of Punctodera matadorensis n gen n beneath grasses on 3 October 1977, acutus Allen beneath barley, sugar beet, sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderidae) from Saskatche- brome grass (Bromus sp.) and corn and wheat (2,11,26); T claytoni Steiner wan with lists of species and generic diagnoses of (5,15,26); Helicotylenchus sp. beneath Globodera (n. rank), Heterodera and Sarisodera. beneath barley and wheat (11,12,21); T. Can. J. Zool. 54:772. grasses on 28 July, 15 August, and 3 cylindricus Cobb beneath barley and 10. NORTON, D. C. 1965. Anguina agropyroni- October 1977, beneath sugar beet and wheat (11,12,21); T. latus Allen beneath floris n. sp. infecting florets of Agropyron wheat (Triticum aestivum) (2,5,11,12); barley (1,1 1); T. macrurus Filipjev smithii. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 32:118- 122. Heterodera sp. beneath grasses on 3 beneath barley (11,21); T. pachys Thorne 11. PEPPER, E. H. 1963. Nematodes in North October 1977, barley (Hordeum vulgare), and Malek (26);. Tylenchus butteus Dakota. Plant Dis. Rep. 47:102-106. and wheat (5,11); Quinisulcius acutoides Thorne and Malek beneath prairie sod 12. PEPPER, E. H. 1968. In Nematology in the Siddiqi in a cultivated field on 19 July (26); T costatus de Man beneath barley North Central Region 1956-1966. North Central Regional Publication 187. Special Report 58. 1977 (5,11,12,17,26); Tylenchorhynchus (11); T. cylindricollis Thorne and Malek Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn. Iowa State nudus Allen beneath barley, corn on 31 (26); T. davanini Bastian beneath prairie Univ. of Science and Technol., Ames. 20 pp. August, grasses on 28 July and 3 October, sod and shrubs (21,26); T platycephalus 13. PERRY, V. G., H. M. DARLING, and G. and sage (Salvia sp.) on 31 August 1977 Thorne and Malek (26); and Xiphinema THORNE. 1959. Anatomy, taxonomy and con- (1,5,12); Tylenchorhynchus sp. beneath trol of certain spiral nematodes attacking blue sp. beneath barley (11,12). grass in Wisconsin. Univ. Wisc. Res. Bull. grasses on 28 July 1977, beneath barley, Nematodes not specifically reported in 207: 1-24. wheat, and sugar beet (5,11); Tylenchus North Dakota but mentioned as common 14. SEINHORST, J. W. 1968. Three new Pratylen- exiguus de Man beneath aspen on 20 in the northern Great Plains of North chus species with a discussion of the structure of the cephalic framework and of the spermatheca October, barley, corn on 31 August, America were Anguina agropyronifloris in this genus. Nematologica 14:497-510. grasses on 28 July, 15 August, and 3 Norton on western wheatgrass (Agropy- 15. SHER, S. A. 1966. Revision of the Hoplo- October 1977, sugar beet, and wheat ron smithii) (10), Aglenchus costatus de laiminae (Nematoda) VI. Helicotylenchus (5,11,12); Tylenchus sp. beneath aspen on Man (11,12,21,26), Beleodorus thylactus Steiner, 1945. Nematologica 12:1!-56. 16. SIDDIQI, M. R. 1970. On the plant parasitic 20 October, barley, grasses on 3 October, Thorne and Malek beneath corn and nematode genera Merlinius gen. n. Tylen- sugar beet on 15 October 1977, and wheat small grain (26), Hoplolaimus galeatus chorhynchus Cobb and the classification of the (5,11,12); and Xiphinema americanum Cobb beneath prairie sod and wheat families Dolichodoridae and Belonolaimidae n. Cobb beneath grasses on 28 July 1977, (21,26), Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner rank. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 37:68-77. (21,26), and Psilenchus hilarulus de Man 17. SIDDIQI, M. R. 1971. Structure of the barley, sugar beet, wheat, and shelter belt oesophagus in the classification of the super- trees (2,5,11,12,21). (21,26). family Tylenchoidea (Nematoda). Indian J. Other plant parasitic and potentially Many of the nematodes detected in this Nematol. 1:25-43. parasitic nematodes previously reported study are common to this region of the 18. SMOLIK, J. D., and R. B. MALEK. 1972. Tylenchorhynchus nudus and other nematodes in North Dakota were Aphelenchoides United States (6,8,10,12,18,19,22,23). associated with Kentucky bluegrass turf in South confusus Thorne & Malek beneath wheat Host ranges and economic importance of Dakota. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:898-900. 46 Plant DiseaseNol. 64 No. 1 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Occurrence and Distribution of Nematodes in Rice Fields in Guilan
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 56, No. 4 (2016) Occurrence and distribution of nematodes in rice fields in Guilan province, Iran and the first record of Mylonchulus polonicus (Stefanski, 1915) Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda: Mononchina) Soheila Shahabi1*, Ahmad Kheiri2, Farshad Rakhshandehroo3, Salar Jamali4 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran 3 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Guilan University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Rasht, Iran Received: June 27, 2016 Accepted: November 21, 2016 Abstract: The distribution of nematodes was studied in rice fields in Guilan province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016. Nematode biodiver- sity of 250 soil and root samples was examined. Thirty nematode species were identified morphologically, including plant parasites, microbivores and mycetophagous and predator species. Molecular techniques were also used for further identification of three plant parasitic species. Indicators of population were also estimated. Spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus crenacauda Sher, 1966 and H. digiti- formis Ivanova, 1967) and stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus agri) were the predominant parasitic species identified. Among other species, three mononchid species were identified namely Mononchus aquaticus, Mylonchulus sigmaturus and M. polonicus. The species M. polonicus was found and reported in Iran for the first time. The two plant parasitic species T.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Iowa
    Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS Volume 96 Number Article 8 1989 Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Iowa Don C. Norton Iowa State University Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright © Copyright 1989 by the Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias Part of the Anthropology Commons, Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Science and Mathematics Education Commons Recommended Citation Norton, Don C. (1989) "Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Iowa," Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS, 96(1), 24-32. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol96/iss1/8 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jour. Iowa Acad. Sci. 96(1):24-32, 1989 Plant-parasitic Nematodes in Iowa1 DON C. NORTON Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Ninety-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes are recorded from Iowa. Twenty-seven are new scare records. Mose samples were collected from around maize or from prairies or woodlands. Similarity (Sorensen's index) of species was highest for rhe maize-prairie habitats (0.49), compared with maize-woodlands (0. 23), or prairie-woodland (0. 3 7) habirars. Nematode communities were most diverse in prairies with a Shannon-Weiner index (H') of 2.74, compared wirh I.65 and 1.07 for woodlands and maize habitats, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence and Distribution of Nematodes in Rice Fields in Guilan Province, Iran and the First Record of Mylonchulus Polonicus
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 56, No. 4 (2016) DOI: 10.1515/jppr-2016-0062 Occurrence and distribution of nematodes in rice fields in Guilan province, Iran and the first record of Mylonchulus polonicus (Stefanski, 1915) Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda: Mononchina) Soheila Shahabi1*, Ahmad Kheiri2, Farshad Rakhshandehroo3, Salar Jamali4 1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran 3 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Guilan University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Rasht, Iran Received: June 27, 2016 Accepted: November 21, 2016 Abstract: The distribution of nematodes was studied in rice fields in Guilan province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016. Nematode biodiver- sity of 250 soil and root samples was examined. Thirty nematode species were identified morphologically, including plant parasites, microbivores and mycetophagous and predator species. Molecular techniques were also used for further identification of three plant parasitic species. Indicators of population were also estimated. Spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus crenacauda Sher, 1966 and H. digiti- formis Ivanova, 1967) and stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus agri) were the predominant parasitic species identified. Among other species, three mononchid species were identified namely Mononchus aquaticus, Mylonchulus sigmaturus and M. polonicus. The species M. polonicus was found and reported in Iran for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Tylenchorhynchus Nudus and Other Nematodes Associated with Turf in South Dakota
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Electronic Theses and Dissertations 1969 Tylenchorhynchus Nudus and Other Nematodes Associated with Turf in South Dakota James D. Smolik Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Smolik, James D., "Tylenchorhynchus Nudus and Other Nematodes Associated with Turf in South Dakota" (1969). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3609. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3609 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TYLENCHORHYNCHUS NUDUS AND OTHER NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH TURF IN SOUTH DAKOTA ,.,..,.....1 BY JAMES D. SMOLIK A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science, Major in Plant Pathology, South Dakota State University :souTH DAKOTA STATE ·U IVERSITY LJB RY TYLENCHORHYNCHUS NUDUS AND OTHER NNvlATODES ASSOCIATED WITH TURF IN SOUTH DAKOTA This thesis is approved as a creditable and inde­ pendent investigation by a candidate for the degree, Master of Science, and is acceptable as meeting the thesis requirements for this degree, but without implying that the conclusions reached by the candidate are necessarily the conclusions of the major department. Thesis Adviser Date Head, �lant Pathology Dept. Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to thank Dr. R. B. Malek for suggesting the thesis problem and for his constructive criticisms during the course of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Morphology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA
    Zootaxa 3452: 1–46 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:14DEF8CA-ABBA-456D-89FD-68064ABB636A Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA YONGSAN ZENG1, 5, WEIMIN YE2*, LANE TREDWAY1, SAMUEL MARTIN3 & MATT MARTIN4 1 Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Plant Pathology and Physiology, School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 2200 Pocket Road, Florence, SC 29506, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, 3800 Castle Hayne Road, Castle Hayne, NC 28429-6519, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People’s Republic of China *Corresponding author Abstract Twenty-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered from 282 soil samples collected from turfgrasses in 19 counties in North Carolina (NC) and 20 counties in South Carolina (SC) during 2011 and from previous collections. These nematodes belong to 22 genera in 15 families, including Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Filenchus cylindricus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Scutellonema brachyurum, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Mesocriconema xenoplax, M. curvatum, M. sphaerocephala, Ogma floridense, Paratrichodorus minor, P. allius, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne graminis, M. naasi, Heterodera sp., Cactodera sp., Hemicycliophora conida, Loofia thienemanni, Hemicaloosia graminis, Hemicriconemoides wessoni, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Response to Temperature in the Subfamily Tylenchorhynchinae ~ R
    JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY VOLUME 12 JANUARY 1980 NUMBER 1 Population Response to Temperature in the Subfamily Tylenchorhynchinae ~ R. B. Malek 2 Abstract: The effects of temperature on population development of 11 species of stunt nem- atodes in the subfamily Tylenchorhynchinae were compared on red clover or Kentucky bluegrass in constant-temperature tanks at 5-degree intervals from I0 to 35 C. The optimum temperature for population increase on red clover in 90 days was 30 C for Tylenchorhynchus agri, T. nudus, T. martini, and T. clarus, 25 C for T. sylvaticus and 7". dubius, and 20 C for T. canalis, Merlinius brevidens, and Quinisulcius capitatus. The optimum was 30 C for T. robustoides and 25 C for T. maximus on Kentucky bluegrass. The temperature range for population increase was 20-35 C for T. agri, T. nudus, T. martini, and T. clarus, 20-30 C for T. sylvaticus and T. robustoides, 15-25 C for T. maximus, 10-25 C for T. dubius, and 10-20 C for M. brevidens and Q. capitatus. T. canalis increased only at 20 C. All species were recovered in numbers near their inoculum level at 10 C. There was no survival of T. sylvaticus, T. dubius, T. canalis, T. robustoides, T. maximus, M. brevidens, and Q. capitatus at 35 C, or of the last three of these species at 30 C. Temperature had no effect on sex ratio in final populations. Population increase was greatest in T. martini and least in T. canalis. Key Words: stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus, Merlinius, Quinisulcius, red clover, Kentucky bluegrass, population development.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Soil Nematodes Associated with Grapevine Plant in Central Horticultural Centre (CHC), Kirtipur, Kathmandu
    Distribution of Soil Nematodes associated with Grapevine plant in Central Horticultural Centre (CHC), Kirtipur, Kathmandu ANU DESHAR TU Registration No: 5-2-0037-0278-2011 TU Examination Roll No: 308 Batch: 2072 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Zoology with special paper Parasitology. Submitted to Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu Nepal September, 2019 i DECLARATION I here by declare that the work presented in this thesis entitled “Distribution of Soil Nematodes Associated with Grape Vine Plant in Central Horticultural Centre (CHC), Kirtipur, Kathmandu.” has been done by myself and has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree. All sources of the information have been specifically acknowledged by references to the author (s) or institution (s). Anu Deshar Date……………….. ii RECOMMENDATION This is to recommend that the thesis entitled “Distribution of Soil Nematodes Associated with Grape Vine Plant in Central Horticultural Centre (CHC), Kirtipur, Kathmandu.” has been carried out by Ms. Anu Deshar for the partial fulfillment of Master‟s Degree of Science in Zoology with special paper Parasitology. This is her original work and has been carried out under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge this thesis work has not been submitted for any other degree in any other institutions. Date………….. ……………….. Supervisor Prof. Dr. Mahendra Maharjan Central Department of Zoology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal iii LETTER OF APPROVAL On the recommendations of supervisor “Dr. Mahendra Maharjan” this thesis submitted by Anu Deshar entitled “Distribution of Soil Nematodes Associated with Grape Vine Plant in Central Horticultural Centre (CHC), Kirtipur, Kathmandu.” is approved for the examination and submitted to the Tribhuvan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master‟s Degree of Science in Zoology with special paper Parasitology.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Rdna Phylogeny of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and Evaluation of Tail Termini
    Journal of Nematology 42(4):359–369. 2010. Ó The Society of Nematologists 2010. Molecular rDNA phylogeny of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and evaluation of tail termini L. K. CARTA,A.M.SKANTAR,Z.A.HANDOO Abstract: Three stunt nematode species, Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis, T. dubius and T. claytoni were characterized with segments of small subunit 18S and large subunit 28S rDNA sequence and placed in molecular phylogenetic context with other polyphyletic taxa of Telotylenchidae. Based upon comparablysized phylogenetic breadth of outgroupsand ingroups, the 28S rDNA contained three times the number of phylogenetically informative alignmentcharacters relative to the alignment total compared to the larger 18S dataset even though there were fewer than half the number of taxa represented. Tail shapes and hyaline termini were characterized for taxa within these subfamily trees, and variability discussed for some related species. In 18S trees, similar terminal tail thickness was found in awell-supportedclade of three Tylenchorhynchus:broad-tailed T. leviterminalis branched outside relatively narrow-tailed T. claytoni and T. nudus.Terminal tail thickness within Merliniinae, Telotylenchinae and related taxa showed amosaic distribution. Thick-tailed Trophurus, Macrotrophurus and putative Paratrophurus did not group together in the 18S tree. Extremely thickened tail termini arose at least once in Amplimerlinius and Pratylenchoides among ten species of Merliniinae plus three Pratylenchoides,and three times within twelve taxa of Telotylenchinae and Trophurinae. Conflicting generic and family nomenclaturebased on characters such as pharyngeal overlap are discussedinlight of current molecular phylogeny.Contrary to some expectations from current taxonomy, Telotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus cf. robustus did not cluster with three Tylenchorhynchus spp. Twoputative species of Neodolichorhynchus failed to group together,and two populations of Scutylenchus quadrifer demonstratedasmuch or greater genetic distance between them than among three related species of Merlinius.
    [Show full text]
  • Frequency of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Blue Grama and Western Wheatgrass in the Western Dakotas
    the concentrations applied. The possibility debarynum and two related species from Agric. Res. 16:356-365. (7) in oomycetes geranium. J. Agric. Res. 30:1043-1062. 6. Satour, M. M., and Butler, E. E. 1968. oflertsapplicax metalaxyl resistanceorestoinstite () i roocedres 2. Hancock, J. G. 1972. Root rot of cotton caused by Comparative morphological and physiological alerts applicators to institute a procedure Pythium splendens. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:973-975. studies of progenies from intraspecific mating of to forestall this development. Alternate 3. Knauss, J. F. 1978. Control of schefflera seedling Phytophthoracapsici. Phytopathology 58:183-192. application of metalaxyl and etridiazole decay with CGA-48988. Plant Dis. Rep. 7. Staub, T., Dahmen, H., Urech, P., and Schwinn, 62:723-726. F. 1979. Failure to select for in vitro resistance to is one possible way of delaying develop- 4. Middleton, J. T. 1943. The taxonomy, host range Phytophthorainfestans to Acylalanine fungicide. ment of fungicide resistance. and geographic distribution of the genus Pythium. Plant Dis. Rep. 63:385-389. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 20:1-171. 8. Van der Plaats-Niterink, A. J. 1969. The 5. Robertson, G. I. 1973. Occurrence of Pythium occurrence of Pythium in Netherlands. 11. LITERATURE CITED spp. in New Zealand soil, sand, pumices and peat Another heterothallic species. P. splendens 1. Braun, H. 1925. Comparative studies of Pythium and on roots of container grown plants. N. Z. J. Braun. Acta Bot. Neerl. 18:489-495. Frequency of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Blue Grama and Western Wheatgrass in the Western Dakotas J. M. KRUPINSKY, Plant Pathologist, and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Importation of Citrus Spp. (Rutaceae) Fruit from China Into the Continental
    Importation of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) United States fruit from China into the continental Department of Agriculture United States Animal and Plant Health Inspection A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Pest Risk Service Assessment January 14, 2020 Version 5.0 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Citrus from China Executive Summary The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prepared this risk assessment document to examine plant pest risks associated with importing commercially produced fruit of Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) for consumption from China into the continental United States. The risk ratings in this risk assessment are contingent on the application of all components of the pathway as described in this document (e.g., washing, brushing, disinfesting, and waxing). Citrus fruit produced under different conditions were not evaluated in this risk assessment and may have a different pest risk. The proposed species or varieties of citrus for export are as follows: Citrus sinensis (sweet orange), C. grandis (= C. maxima) cv. guanximiyou (pomelo), C. kinokuni (Nanfeng honey mandarin), C. poonensis (ponkan), and C. unshiu (Satsuma mandarin). This assessment supersedes a qualititative assessment completed by APHIS in 2014 for the importation of citrus from China. This assessment is independent of the previous assessment, however it draws from information in the previous document. This assessment is updated to be inline with our current methodology, incorporates important new research, experience, and other evidence gained since 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationships of Plant Parasitic Nematodes to Sites in Native Iowa Prairies ~
    Relationships of Plant Parasitic Nematodes to Sites in Native Iowa Prairies ~ D. P. SCHMITT and D. C. NORTON 2 Abstract: Soil samples were collected from three native Iowa prairies and analyzed for plant paiasitic nematodes and selected soil properties. Sites or nematodes were clustered with similarities related to habitat by a cluster analysis of site by nematode species and of nematodes by site. Some nematodes occurred in a wide range of prairie habitats, whereas others were more restricted. For example, greater numbers of Xiphinema americanum were in the low, well-drained sites than in the low wet sites or upland dry sites. Wet sites contained fewer nematodes than well-drained sites. Well-drained sites contained mainly Tylenchorhynchus maximus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, and X. americanum. Wetter sites contained almost exclusively X. chambersi, H. hydrophilus, Telylenchus ]octus, and an undescribed species of Tylenchorhynchus. Key words: habitat relationships, H. leiocephalus, Aorolaimus torpidus, T. nudus. Investigations of plant parasitic nematodes Moraine. Hayden Prairie in Howard County is in native grasslands in the United States have about 135 miles northeast of the Kalsow Prairie resulted mostly in faunistic lists and associated and about 200 miles east of the Cayler Prairie, plants (4, 5, 6, 11). That more nematode and is in the Cresco-Lourdes-Clyde soil studies in native areas have not been made is association. These prairies have never been surprising, since most nematodes in USA cultivated, and they have been set aside as cultivated soils probably had their ancestry in preserves, two of them being registered Natural virgin areas in relatively recent times. Studies in Landmarks.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrative Taxonomy of the Stunt Nematodes Of
    bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 172, 231–264. With 9 figures Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny ZAFAR A. HANDOO1, JUAN E. PALOMARES-RIUS2, CAROLINA CANTALAPIEDRA-NAVARRETE2, GRACIA LIÉBANAS3, SERGEI A. SUBBOTIN4,5 and PABLO CASTILLO2* 1Nematology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Bldg. 010A, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA 2Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Apdo. 4084, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14005 Córdoba, Spain 3Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología. Universidad de Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’ s/n, Edificio B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain 4Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA 5Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia Received 20 March 2014; revised 20 May 2014; accepted for publication 27 May 2014 Stunt nematodes are characterized by phenotypic plasticity, with overlapping morphology and morphometry leading to potential misidentification. Consequently, the application of integrative taxonomic approaches is useful to species delimitation based on a combination of different perspectives, e.g. morphology and DNA sequences. We conducted nematode surveys in cultivated and natural environments in Spain and the USA, from which we identified 18 known species of the family Telotylenchidae and two new taxa within the studied samples. These species were morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly characterized. The results of light and scanning electron micro- scopic observations, and molecular and phylogenetic analysis also allowed two new species to be distinguished, described herein as Bitylenchus hispaniensis sp.
    [Show full text]