TABLE OF CASES Alphabetization is letter-by-letter (e.g., “Sanchez” precedes “San Pedro”). Page ranges indicate references on each page in range, not necessarily a continuing discussion.

Administrative decisions can be found via the following URLs: AAO: www.uscis.gov/administrative-appeals/aao-decisions BALCA: bit.ly/balca-cases or bit.ly/balca-search (search by keyword or case number) BIA: bit.ly/bia-cases OCAHO: bit.ly/ocaho-cases

Abacuss Software Techs., LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2012- # LCA-15, ARB No. 12-104 (ARB Nov. 2, 2012) :: 1219 3Q Digital, Inc. v. USCIS, No. 1:19-cv-579-RCL, 2020 WL Abacuss Software Techs., LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2012- 1079068 (D.D.C. Mar. 3, 2020) :: 1179, 1181–82, 1185, LCA-15, ARB No. 12-104 (ARB Oct. 18, 2012) :: 1218 2050 Abadia-Peixoto v. DHS, No. 3:11-cv-4001 RS (N.D. Cal. Jan. 30, 5-C- Corp., Matter of; ID# 12107 (AAO Oct. 3, 2016) :: 1247, 2014) :: 629 1852 Abagninin v. Amvac Chemical Corp., 545 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2008) 5 Star Forestry, LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2012-TNE-10, ARB :: 2143 No. 13-056 (ARB Nov. 6, 2014) :: 1264 Abankwah v. INS, 185 F.3d 18 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 938, 1039 7 Solutions U.S. Corp., 2013-PER-1448, et al. (Sept. 29, 2016) :: Abassi v. INS, 305 F.3d 1028 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 889, 1034, 1869 1655 Abay v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 634 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 790, 936, 938, 9th Parallel Healthcare, Inc., 2017-TLN-62 (Oct. 4, 2017) :: 1245 1006 22 E. 41st Street Corp./O'Casey's, 2009-PER-402 (Jan. 7, 2011) Abbassi v. INS, 143 F.3d 513 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 2089 :: 1646 Abbenante v. Butterfield, 112 F.Supp. 324 (E.D. Mich. 1953) :: 324 Seventh Avenue, 2011-PER-981 (Sept. 17, 2012) :: 1694 138 1523 Avenue J Foods Inc., d/b/a 7-Eleven Store No. 36802; U.S. Abbott v. Abbott, 560 U.S. 1 (2010) :: 187 v., 14 OCAHO no. 1361 (June 9, 2020) :: 2221 Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136 (1967) :: 1991 1756, Inc. v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 745 F.Supp. 9 (D.D.C. 1990) :: 1293 Abboud v. INS, 140 F.3d 843 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1412, 2005, 2025 3679 Commerce Place, Inc. d/b/a Waterstone Grill; U.S. v., 12 ABC Roofing & Waterproofing, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 247 OCAHO no. 1296 (Jan. 19, 2017) :: 2217, 2230 (July 25, 1991), aff'd, 2 OCAHO no. 358 (Aug. 26, 1991) :: $6,190 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 581 F.3d 881 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 2184, 2221, 2223 431–32 Abdah v. Obama, 708 F.Supp.2d 9 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 553 $8,850 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 461 U.S. 555 (1983) :: 432 Abdala v. INS, 488 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 2028, 2038, 2091 22249 Dolorosa St.; U.S. v., 190 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 2176 Abdalla v. INS, 43 F.3d 1397 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 853, 855 $39,000.00 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 951 F.3d 740 (6th Cir. Abdallahi v. Holder, 690 F.3d 467 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 212, 477, 638, 2020) :: 431 730, 780, 1725 $45,940 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 739 F.2d 792 (2d Cir. 1984) :: Abdelfattah v. DHS, 488 F.3d 178 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 606, 610, 615 444 Abdelfattah v. DHS, 787 F.3d 524 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 46, 477, $60,201 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 291 F.Supp.2d 1126 (C.D. Cal. 2243 2003) :: 433 Abdelfattah v. DHS, 893 F.Supp.2d 75 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 621 $134,752 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 706 F.Supp. 1075 (S.D.N.Y. Abdelfattah v. ICE, 851 F.Supp.2d 141 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 614 1989) :: 432 Abdelghany, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 2014) :: 366, 1749, $144,600 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 757 F.Supp. 1342 (M.D. Fla. 1751–54, 1757–58, 2052, 2117 1991) :: 432 Abdelhamid v. Ilchert, 774 F.2d 1447 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1161, $4,255,000 in U.S. Currency; U.S. v., 762 F.2d 895 (11th Cir. 2042 1985) :: 431 Abdelmalek v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 19 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 790, 2007 6505409, In re (AAO Jan. 7, 2020) :: 1537 Abdel-Masieh v. INS, 73 F.3d 579 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 785, 839, 7209032, In re; (AAO Feb. 7, 2020) :: 1536 850, 1040 7235080, In re; (AAO Apr. 29, 2020) :: 1537 Abdel-Muhti v. Ashcroft, 314 F.Supp.2d 418 (M.D. Pa. 2004) :: 752, 755 Abdelqadar v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 668 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 75, 138, A 286, 288, 1477, 1993, 2011 A-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 168 (BIA 1948) :: 136–37 Abdel-Rahman v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 444 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 796, A-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 762 (BIA 1955) :: 278, 1123 798 A-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 356 (BIA 1961) :: 68 Abdelwahab v. Frazier, 578 F.3d 817 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1456, A-, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 867 (Comm. 1988) :: 104, 280 1899, 1904, 1963 A3H Foods, LP, 2012-PER-3134 (Oct. 19, 2017) :: 1614 Abdelwase v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 904 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 475, 1823 A76-940-152, In re; (AAO Aug. 10, 2000) :: 1057 Abdi v. Chertoff, 589 F.Supp.2d 120 (D. Mass. 2008) :: 1948 A-A-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 492 (BIA 1992) :: 369, 747, 867, 1750, 1847 Abdi v. Duke, 280 F.Supp.3d 373 (W.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 258–59, 468, 1921, 2032, 2041, 2106 A- A- A- A-, Matter of; ID# 454100 (AAO Aug. 11, 2017) :: 1537 Abdi v. Nielsen, 287 F.Supp.3d 327 (W.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 258–59, A-A-, LLC, Matter of (AAO, Lin, July 8, 2016) :: 1528 518–19, 529, 2004, 2090 A-A-N-V-, Matter of (AAO Feb. 26, 2016) :: 124 Abdi v. USCIS, 923 F.Supp.2d 1160 (D. Minn. 2013) :: 2298 A-B-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 247 (AG 2018) :: 669, 1816 Abdi; U.S. v., 498 F.Supp.2d 1048 (S.D. Ohio 2007) :: 203 A-B-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 316 (AG 2018), see Grace v. Whita- Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 853 ker Abdisalan v. Holder, 774 F.3d 517 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc) :: Abacuss Software Techs., LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2012- 1830, 1901, 2101 LCA-15 (July 24, 2012) :: 1215

2459 2460 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Abdoulaye v. Holder, 721 F.3d 485 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 196, 851, ABT Associates, Inc., 2010-PER-321 (May 26, 2010) :: 1633 876, 882, 892, 895 Abtew v. DHS, 808 F.3d 895 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 611 Abdulahad v. Holder, 581 F.3d 290 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 277, 730, Abuagla; U.S. v., 326 F.3d 277 (4th Cir. 2003) :: 2340 1395, 1413 Abu Ali v. Ashcroft, 350 F.Supp.2d 28 (D.D.C. 2004) :: 42, 552, Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 776, 941, 955, 1916, 1942, 2014–15 957, 971, 1842, 1844 Abudu; INS v., 485 U.S. 94 (1988) :: 1033, 1037, 1861, 1887, Abdul-Khalek v. Jenifer, 890 F.Supp. 666 (E.D. Mich. 1995) :: 2057 2293 Abufayad v. Holder, 632 F.3d 623 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 191, 273 Abdullah v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 92 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 849 Abuhadba v. Gonzales, 512 F.Supp.2d 1347 (N.D. Ga. 2007) :: Abdullah v. INS, 184 F.3d 158 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 695 2332 Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc., 562 F.3d 163 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 2142, Abu Hasirah v. DHS, 478 F.3d 474 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 711, 713 2144 Abuhouran v. DOS, 843 F.Supp.2d 73 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 614 Abdulle v. Gonzales, 422 F.Supp.2d 774 (W.D. Tex. 2006) :: 531, Abuirshaid v. Johnson, 155 F.Supp.3d 611 (E.D. Va. 2015) :: 754, 761, 1900, 1934, 1961 1998, 2010, 2330 Abdulrahman v. Ashcroft, 330 F.3d 587 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 473, 728, Abu-Khaliel v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 627 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 590, 593, 1044, 1994 596, 1741, 1966 Abdurakhmanov v. Holder, 735 F.3d 341 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 955, Abulashvili v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 663 F.3d 197 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 469, 1000 727, 729, 980–81, 993 Abdur-Rahman v. Napolitano, 814 F.Supp.2d 1087 (W.D. Wash. Aburto-Rocha v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 500 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1780, 2010) :: 1493, 1980 1973 Abdur-Rahman v. Napolitano, 814 F.Supp.2d 1098 (W.D. Wash. Abusamhadaneh v. Taylor, 873 F.Supp.2d 682 (E.D. Va. 2012) :: 2010) :: 1175, 1191, 1849 180, 2296, 2331 Abdur-Rahman v. Napolitano, 868 F.Supp.2d 1158 (W.D. Wash. Abushaar; U.S. v., 761 F.2d 954 (3d Cir. 1985) :: 398 2012) :: 2172, 2177 Abuya v. Sessions, 873 F.3d 650 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 1415 Abebe v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc) :: Acacia Manor, 2012-PER-2284 (July 27, 2015) :: 1617, 1648, 947, 1021, 1996 1651 Abebe v. Mukasey, 554 F.3d 1203 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc) :: 39, Academic P'ships, LLC, 2015-PER-293 (Dec. 7, 2016) :: 1669 43, 481, 1995, 2000 Accardi v. Shaughnessy, 347 U.S. 260 (1954) :: 40, 47, 259, 468, Abebe-Jira v. Negewo, 72 F.3d 844 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 2142 477, 480, 637, 699, 1725, 1818, 2041, 2049, 2056 Abedini v. Government of Islamic Republic of Iran, 422 F.Supp.3d Accardo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 634 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 325 118 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2156 Accela, Inc., 2015-PER-571 (Jan. 22, 2018) :: 1630 Abedi-Tajrishi v. INS, 752 F.2d 441 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1914 Accent-Media Productions, Inc., 2012-PER-712 (Sept. 23, 2015) Abel v. U.S., 362 U.S. 217 (1960) :: 489, 499 :: 1645, 1707 Abela v. Gustafson, 888 F.2d 1258 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 2174 Ace Homecare, LLC, 2016-PER-56 (Nov. 1, 2016) :: 1641 Abghari v. Gonzales, 596 F.Supp.2d 1336 (C.D. Cal. 2009) :: Aceijas-Quiroz, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 294 (BIA 2014) :: 1328, 1405, 1587 1810 Abidor v. Napolitano, 990 F.Supp.2d 260 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 504, Acevedo v. Barr, 943 F.3d 619 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 302 2023 Acevedo v. INS, 538 F.2d 918 (2d Cir. 1976) :: 659 Abimbola v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 330, 388, Acevedo v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 2288 2083 Acevedo; U.S. v., 229 F.3d 350 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 408 Abiodun v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 1210 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 382, 573– Acevedo-Aguilar v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1766 74, 1898, 1959, 2303, 2315 Acevedo-Carranza v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 539 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Abiola v. Abubakar, 267 F.Supp.2d 907 (N.D. Ill. 2003) :: 2160 1993, 2094 Abiola v. Abubakar, 435 F.Supp.2d 830 (N.D. Ill. 2006) :: 2150 Acewicz v. INS, 984 F.2d 1056 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1848 Abi-Rached, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 551 (BIA 1964) :: 133 Acharya v. Holder, 761 F.3d 289 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 828, 1028 Ablang v. Reno, 52 F.3d 801 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 2051–52 Achaval-Bianco v. Gustafson, 736 F.Supp. 214 (C.D. Cal. 1989) :: Ablett v. Brownell, 240 F.2d 625 (D.C. Cir. 1957) :: 123, 380 2169 Abosi, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 204 (2007) :: 228, 1788 ACLU v. CIA, 710 F.3d 422 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 618 Aboud v. INS, 876 F.Supp. 938 (S.D. Ohio 1994) :: 2296 ACLU v. County of Hudson, 799 A.2d 629 (N.J. Super. 2002) :: Abou-Haidar v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 206 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 573 264 Abou-Haidar v. Sanin Vazquez, 945 F.3d 1208 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: ACLU v. Dep't of Defense, 628 F.3d 612 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 612, 189 618 Abourezk v. Reagan, 785 F.2d 1043 (D.C. Cir. 1986), aff'd per ACLU v. DHS, 738 F.Supp.2d 93 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 606, 614 curiam by an equally divided court, 484 U.S. 1 (1987) :: ACLU v. DHS, 973 F.Supp.2d 306 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 616 211, 1462, 2014 ACLU v. DOJ, 321 F.Supp.2d 24 (D.D.C. 2004) :: 603 Aboushaban v. Mueller, 475 F.Supp.2d 943 (N.D. Cal. 2007) :: ACLU v. DOJ, 418 F.Supp.3d 466 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 618 2168, 2172, 2177 ACLU v. DOJ, 681 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 612 Abovian v. INS, 219 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 472, 695, 950, ACLU v. USCIS, 133 F.Supp.3d 234 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 605, 608 990 ACLU Found. v. DHS, 243 F.Supp.3d 393 (S.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 616 Abraham v. Holder, 647 F.3d 624 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 954, 956, A-C-M-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 303 (BIA 2018) :: 198 1986 Acosta, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 338 (BIA 1973) :: 141 Abraham v. U.S., 699 F.3d 1050 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 385 Acosta, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 211 (BIA 1985) :: 776, 783, 785, Abrams; U.S. v., 360 F.Supp.3d 141 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 311, 313 792, 806, 809, 846, 849, 970 Abramyan v. DHS, 6 F.Supp.3d 57, (D.D.C. 2013) :: 612 Acosta v. Acosta, 725 F.3d 868 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 189 Abreu v. Holder, 378 F.App'x 59 (2d Cir. May 24, 2010) :: 381 Acosta v. Agro Cargo LLC, CV-19-02670-PHX-SMB (May 1, Abreu v. U.S., 796 F.Supp. 50 (D.R.I. 1992) :: 1925, 1950, 2039 2019) :: 2249 Abreu; U.S. v., 940 F.Supp. 443 (D.R.I. 1996) :: 749, 766 Acosta v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 218 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 40, 374, 394, Abreu-Cabrera; U.S. v., 64 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 459 2074 Abreu-Semino, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 775 (BIA 1968) :: 129, 144 Acosta v. EWC & Associates, Inc., No. 4:19-cv-00023-KAW (N.D. Abrha v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 1072 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1047 Cal. Jan. 25, 2019) :: 2248 Abrica-Sanchez; U.S. v., 808 F.3d 330 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 399 Acosta v. Gaffney, 558 F.2d 1153 (3d Cir. 1977) :: 482 Abriq v. Hall, 295 F.Supp.3d 874 (M.D. Tenn. 2018), dismissed Acosta v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 519 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 666 on other grounds, 333 F.Supp.3d 783 (M.D. Tenn. 2018) :: Acosta-Bautista; People v., 821 N.W.2d 169 (Mich. App. 2012) :: 533 1513 Abriq v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville, 333 F.Supp.3d Acosta de Evans; U.S. v., 531 F.2d 428 (9th Cir. 1976) :: 428 783 (M.D. Tenn. 2018) :: 534 Acosta Hidalgo, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 103 (BIA 2007) :: 572, Absolute Home Care LLC, 2015-TLN-57 (Oct. 19, 2015) :: 1245 2068, 2302, 2305 TABLE OF CASES 2461

Acosta-Olivarria v. Lynch, 799 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 169, Aero Parts Mgmt., LLC, 2011-PER-704 (May 25, 2012) :: 1618, 1481, 2119, 2121 1634, 1649 Acquaah v. Holder, 589 F.3d 332 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 721 Aetna Life Ins. Co., 2012-PER-3011 (Dec. 14, 2016) :: 1661 Acquaah v. Sessions, 874 F.3d 1010 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1394, A-F-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 429 (AG 1959) :: 392 1401, 1415, 1789 Afamasaga v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 1286 (10th Cir. 2018) :: 141 Acrison, Inc., 2009-PER-399 (Oct. 27, 2010) :: 1624, 1627 Afanwi v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 788 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 474, 631, Action S.A. v. Marc Rich & Co., Inc., 951 F.2d 504 (2d Cir. 1991) 2059 :: 2328 Afeta v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 402 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 2285 Actuarial Sys. Corp., 2012-PER-1599 (May 26, 2016) :: 1642 Affiliated Computer Servs., Inc., 2012-PER-3196 (Aug. 11, 2017) A Cut Above Ceramic Tile, 2010-PER-224 (Mar. 8, 2012) (en :: 1697 banc) :: 1624, 1647 Affinitec Corp., 1987-INA-516 (1987) :: 1667 A-D-, Matter of; ID# 287483 (AAO May 19, 2017) :: 1538 Afful v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1746, 1782 Adalatkhah, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 404 (BIA 1980) :: 1467 Afolayan v. INS, 219 F.3d 784 (8th Cir. 2000) :: 1783 Adame-Hernandez v. Barr, 929 F.3d 1020 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 141 A Fresh Perspective, Inc., 2008-PER-203 (Mar. 31, 2009) :: 1684, Adame-Hernandez v. INS, 769 F.2d 1387 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 566, 1712 1914 Afridi v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 1212 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 874, 878, Adame-Orozco; U.S. v., 607 F.3d 647 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 414 1969 Adame-Salgado; U.S. v., 214 F.Supp.2d 853 (N.D. Ill. 2002) :: Afriyie v. Holder, 613 F.3d 924 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 801, 838, 885, 422 1011 Adamiak, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 878 (BIA 2006) :: 377, 1815, Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967) :: 2328 1838 Afshari; U.S. v., 426 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 204 Adamo, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 593 (BIA 1964) :: 393 Afsharzadehyadzi v. Perryman, 214 F.Supp.2d 884 (N.D. Ill. Adams v. Baker, 909 F.2d 643 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 211, 1076, 1081, 2002) :: 1433, 1951, 1976 2013–14 Aftab v. Gonzalez, 597 F.Supp.2d 76 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 2040 Adams v. Holder, 692 F.3d 91 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 693, 1494–95, Afzal v. Holder, 559 F.3d 677 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1971 2112 A-G-, Matter of, see M.A. v. INS Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 (9th Cir. 1982) :: 2052 Agada v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 867 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 963 Adams v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 472 F.App'x 898 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 576 Agarwal v. Napolitano, 663 F.Supp.2d 528 (W.D. Tex. 2009) :: Adarand Constructors v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995) :: 38 1495, 2291, 2300, 2332 AD Cosmetic USA Ltd., 2012-PER-3508 (Mar. 31, 2017) :: 1619 Agbanyo v. Cabral, 518 F.Supp.2d 326 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 755 Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418 (1979) :: 689 Agbor v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 499 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1021, 1041 Adedeji v. U.S., 782 F.Supp. 688 (D. Mass. 1992) :: 2135 Agbuya v. INS, 241 F.3d 1224 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 808, 842, 1013 Adefemi v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1022 (11th Cir. 2004) (en banc) :: AG Forte, LLC, 2010-PER-148 (May 26, 2010) :: 1633 296, 680, 682, 694, 2063 A-G-G-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 486 (BIA 2011) :: 686, 692, 853, Adegoke v. Fitzgerald, 784 F.Supp.2d 538 (E.D. Pa. 2011) :: 1835 1495, 2291 Agha v. Holder, 743 F.3d 609 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 784, 1047, 1995 Adejola v. Barr, 408 F.Supp.3d 284 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 516 Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2014-PER-692 (Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1616 Adekoya v. Holder, 751 F.Supp.2d 688 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 2131, Agma Sys. LLC, 2009-PER-132 (Aug. 6, 2009) :: 1674 2140 Agonafer v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 1872, Adekpe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 525 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 987, 991, 1875 995 Agor v. Lynch, 276 F.Supp.3d 7 (S.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 1484, 1977 Adelsheim Vineyard, LLC, 2014-TLC-49 (Mar. 7, 2014) :: 1234 Agosto v. INS, 436 U.S. 748 (1978) :: 573 Ademi v. INS, 31 F.3d 517 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 470, 747, 1739 Agoudemos, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 444 (BIA 1964) :: 1408 Ademo v. Lynch, 795 F.3d 823 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1002, 1742 Agour, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 566 (BIA 2015) :: 1401, 1415, Aden v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 966 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 933, 985, 1004 1788–89 Aden v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1040 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 950, 953, 957, Agripac; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1028 (1999) :: 2265 1996 Agri Processor Co., Inc. v. NLRB, 514 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2008) :: Aden v. Nielsen, 409 F.Supp.3d 998 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: 749 2244 Adeniji, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1102 (BIA 1999) :: 515, 542, 544 Agri-Systems d/b/a ASI Indust.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1301 Adeniye, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 726 (BIA 2016) :: 337, 368, 2108 (Apr. 19, 2017) :: 2212, 2219 Adetiba, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 506 (BIA 1992) :: 74, 138, 142– Aguasvivas v. Pompeo, 405 F.Supp.3d 347 (D.R.I. 2019) :: 461, 43, 287–88, 2119 567, 881, 908 Adewale Tawose v. Paycom Payroll, 2015-LCA-11 (Feb. 4, 2016) Agudas Chasidei Chabad of U.S. v. Russian Fed'n, 528 F.3d 934 :: 1200 (D.C. Cir. 2008) :: 2154 Adeyemo v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 712, 717 Aguiar v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 86 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 323 Adhikari v. Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc., 845 F.3d 184 (5th Cir. Aguila-Montes de Oca; U.S. v., see Navarro-Lopez v. Gonzales 2017) :: 2120, 2146, 2152 Aguilar v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 415 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1862 Aditya Chettypally v. Premier IT Solutions, Inc., 2017-LCA-6 Aguilar v. ICE, 346 F.Supp.3d 1174 (N.D. Ill. 2018) :: 507, 2032 (June 20, 2017) :: 1201 Aguilar v. ICE, 510 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 472, 513, 527, 632, Administrator, see other party 647, 940, 1910, 1913, 1917, 1967, 1992 Adomako; U.S. v., 150 F.Supp.2d 1302 (M.D. Fla. 2001) :: 540– Aguilar v. Lewis, 50 F.Supp.2d 539 (E.D. Va. 1999) :: 529, 544, 41 2004 A. Dow Steam Specialties, Ltd., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 389 Aguilar v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 663 F.3d 692 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 319, 323 (Comm. 1986) :: 1595 Aguilar; U.S. v., 133 F.Supp.3d 468 (E.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 162, 225, Adras v. Nelson, 917 F.2d 1552 (11th Cir. 1990) :: 2134, 2163 230, 446, 1157, 1771 Adusumelli v. Steiner, 740 F.Supp.2d 582 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 1195 Aguilar; U.S. v., 871 F.2d 1436 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 501 Advance Blinds Corp., 2002-INA-302 (Feb. 10, 2004) :: 1662 Aguilar; U.S. v., 883 F.2d 662 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 426–27 Advanced Digital Corp., 1990-INA-137 (1991) :: 1676 Aguilar-Aguilar v. Napolitano, 700 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 2012) :: Advanced Professional Marketing, Inc. & Marissa Beck; Adminis- 476–77, 580, 598, 737, 1726, 1901 trator, WHD v., 2008-LCA-17 (Dec. 31, 2009) :: 1199–1200, Aguilar-Aquino, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 747 (BIA 2009) :: 367, 1202, 1215 520, 1810 Advantage Technical Resourcing, Inc., 2013-PER-3371 (Mar. 15, Aguilar-Ayala v. Ruiz, 973 F.2d 411 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 444, 2173 2018) :: 1631 Aguilar-De Guillen v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 810, Aelry-Mart, Inc., 1988-INA-243 (1989) :: 1699 824, 829 A-E-M-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1157 (BIA 1998) :: 964 Aguilar De Polanco v. DOJ, 398 F.3d 199 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1776 Aerolineas Argentinas v. U.S., 77 F.3d 1564 (Fed. Cir. 1996) :: Aguilar-Escobar v. INS, 136 F.3d 1240 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1437, 463, 2153 1777 2462 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Aguilar ex rel. Wargo v. Mukasey, 547 F.Supp.2d 182 (D. Conn. Ahmed v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 579 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1832, 2060 2008) :: 482 Ahmed v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 768 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 639, 1403, Aguilar Gonzalez v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 1204 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1470, 1786, 1861, 1867, 2055, 2057 172 Ahmed v. Sessions, 890 F.3d 719 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 328 Aguilar-Mejia v. Holder, 616 F.3d 699 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1037, Ahmetovic v. INS, 62 F.3d 48 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 865–66, 875 1958, 2000 Ahortalejo-Guzman, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 465 (BIA 2011) :: Aguilar-Ortiz; U.S. v., 450 F.3d 1271 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 311, 390 134–35 Aguilar-Ramos v. Holder, 594 F.3d 701 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 885, 890 Ahrens v. Rojas, 292 F.2d 406 (5th Cir. 1961) :: 258 Aguilar-Solis v. INS, 168 F.3d 565 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 726, 999 Ahumada-Aguilar; U.S. v., 189 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 1999), judg- Aguilar-Turcios v. Holder, 740 F.3d 1294 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 304, ment vacated on other grounds, 533 U.S. 913 (2001) :: 332, 347, 349, 358 2024 Aguilera v. Kirkpatrick, 241 F.3d 1286 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 1871, Ahumada-Aguilar; U.S. v., 295 F.3d 943 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 420 1937, 1979 Aid v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 743 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 808, 834 Aguilera; U.S. v., 279 F.Supp.3d 1095 (S.D. Cal. 2017) :: 493 Aid Maintenance Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1023 (1999) :: Aguilera-Cota v. INS, 914 F.2d 1375 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 820, 990 2223, 2227 Aguilera-Enriquez v. INS, 516 F.2d 565 (6th Cir. 1976) :: 646 Aifang Ye; U.S. v., 808 F.3d 395 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 438 Aguilera-Montero v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 1248 (9th Cir. 2008) :: Aigbekaen; U.S. v., 943 F.3d 713 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 504 395 Ai Hua Chen v. Holder, 742 F.3d 171 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 962, 965, Aguilera-Rios; U.S. v., 769 F.3d 626 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 295–96, 967, 1040, 1842 353, 356, 414, 416, 420, 2118 Ai Jun Zhi v. Holder, 751 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 952, 996 Aguilera-Ruiz v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 835 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1828 AILA v. DHS, 852 F.Supp.2d 66 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 610–11, 614 Aguiluz-Arellano v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 980 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 394 AILA v. EOIR, 110 F.Supp.3d 230 (D.D.C 2015) :: 615 Aguinada-Lopez v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 924 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 817, AILA v. EOIR, 281 F.Supp.3d 23 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 608, 731–32 822, 887, 965 AILA v. EOIR, 830 F.3d 667 (D.C. Cir. 2016) :: 607–8, 610, 732 Aguinada-Lopez v. Lynch, 825 F.3d 407 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 833, AILA v. Reno, 18 F.Supp.2d 38 (D.D.C. 1998) :: 46, 2022 887 AILA v. Reno, 199 F.3d 1352 (D.C. Cir. 2000) :: 241, 2020 Aguirre v. Holder, 728 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1782 Aimin Yang v. Holder, 760 F.3d 660 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 591 Aguirre v. INS, 79 F.3d 315 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 343 Aioub v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 609 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 925 Aguirre-Aguirre; INS v., 526 U.S. 415 (1999) :: 776, 875, 878, Air Espana v. Brien, 165 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 2005, 2027 1051, 1844, 2067 Air Force, Dep't of, v. Rose, 425 U.S. 352 (1976) :: 607 Aguirre-Tello; U.S. v., 353 F.3d 1199 (10th Cir. 2004) (en banc) :: Air India v. Brien, 261 F.Supp.2d 134 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1926 48, 415, 422, 598, 1726 Air India Flight No. 101, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 890 (BIA 1997) :: Agunobi v. Thornburgh, 745 F.Supp. 533 (N.D. Ill. 1990) :: 541 464, 1833 Agustin, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 14 (BIA 1979) :: 1791 Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., 1989-INA-76 (1990) :: 1696 Agustin v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 556, 824, 1042 Air Trans Ass'n v. FAA, 156 F.3d 1329 (D.C. Cir. 1998) :: 2170 Agustino-Hernandez; U.S. v., 14 F.3d 42 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 677 Air Transp. Ass'n of Am. v. Reno, 80 F.3d 477 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: Agyei v. Holder, 729 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 182, 1729, 1761 463, 2022 Agyeman v. INS, 296 F.3d 871 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 471, 638, 661, Aishat v. DHS, 288 F.Supp.3d 261 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1953, 2040, 1410, 1413, 1946, 2011 2331 A-H-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 774 (AG 2005) :: 651, 779, 867, 870, Aispuro; U.S. v., 127 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 766 876, 878, 949, 973–74, 988, 1036–37, 1816, 1832, 1839– Aityahia v. Sabena Airline Training Ctr., Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1122 40, 2073 (Nov. 20, 2006) :: 2267, 2269 Ahad v. Southern Ill. Univ. Sch. of Med., 2015-LCA-23 (ARB Apr. Ajami, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 949 (BIA 1999) :: 127, 133 13, 2016) :: 1197–98 A.J. Bart; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 538 (July 15, 1993) :: 2270 Ahir v. Mukasey, 527 F.3d 912 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 919 A&J Capital, Inc. v. Law Office of Krug, No. 2018-0240-JRS, 2019 Ahmad v. INS, 163 F.3d 457 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 1001 WL 367176 (Del. Ch. Jan. 29, 2019) :: 1594 Ahmad v. Russell, No. 88-2-984 (D. Colo. Mar. 6, 1989) :: 2051 Ajdin v. USCIS, 437 F.3d 261 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1846, 2055 Ahmadi v. Chertoff, 522 F.Supp.2d 816 (N.D. Tex. 2007) :: 1948 A&J Kyoto Japanese Restaurant, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. Ahmadshah v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 917 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 970, 1012 1186 (June 13, 2013) :: 2187 Ahmed v. Ahmed, 867 F.3d 682 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 188 Ajlani v. Chertoff, 545 F.3d 229 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 573, 2303, 2332 Ahmed v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 214 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 784, 791 Ajose v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 393 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1864 Ahmed v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 611 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 816 AJO Unified Sch. Dist. #15, 2015-PER-46 (Dec. 30, 2016) :: Ahmed v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 247 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1827, 2059 1617, 1655 Ahmed v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 1011 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 793 A&J P'ship d/b/a Howard Johnson Inn, 2012-PER-674 (Nov. 16, Ahmed v. Cissna, 327 F.Supp.3d 650 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 1445, 2015) :: 1646, 1707 2034, 2042 Ajurulloski v. INS, 688 F.Supp. 1272 (N.D. Ill. 1988) :: 1742, Ahmed v. DHS, 328 F.3d 383 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1436, 1951 1938, 2006 Ahmed v. Gonzales, 398 F.3d 722 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 469, 728 A-K-, Matter of, see Kane v. Holder Ahmed v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 709 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 707 Akande v. Philips, 386 F.Supp.3d 281 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2138 Ahmed v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 474, 590, Akanni; U.S. v., 890 F.3d 355 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 433 593, 596, 1486, 1965 Akbar & Associates, Inc. dba Deli Plus, 2012-PER-1207 (Mar. 3, Ahmed v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 806 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 588, 591, 2016) :: 1630, 1690 594, 1486 Akbarin v. INS, 669 F.2d 839 (1st Cir. 1982) :: 570 Ahmed v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 669 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1046 Akhtar v. Burzynski, 384 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1334, 2071 Ahmed v. Gonzales, 509 F.Supp.2d 556 (E.D. Va. 2007) :: 2333 Akhtar v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 1055, 1832 Ahmed v. Holder, 12 F.Supp.3d 747 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 1928 Akhtar Rahnama, 1993-INA-27 (Jan. 24, 1994) :: 1676 Ahmed v. Holder, 569 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 587, 591, 594, Akin v. Anjon of Greenlawn, Inc., 35 F.Supp.3d 239 (E.D.N.Y 1486 2015) :: 2248 Ahmed v. Holder, 611 F.3d 90 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 794, 814, 1019, Akindemowo v. INS, 61 F.3d 282 (4th Cir. 1995) :: 288 2036 Akinfolarin v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 666 Ahmed v. Holder, 624 F.3d 150 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 570, 1791, 1961 Akinmade v. INS, 196 F.3d 951 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 926, 953, 978, Ahmed v. Holder, 765 F.3d 96 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 649, 728, 997 987, 990 Ahmed v. Keisler, 504 F.3d 1183 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 805, 807, 819, Akins v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 332 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2018) 832, 1005, 1041 :: 2157 Ahmed v. Lynch, 804 F.3d 237 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 277, 689, 971 Akinsade v. Holder, 678 F.3d 138 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 334 Ahmed v. Mayorkas, 719 F.Supp.2d 1080 (N.D. Cal. 2009) :: 209, Akinsade; U.S. v., 686 F.3d 248 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 384–86, 396 1916 TABLE OF CASES 2463

Akinwale v. Ashcroft, 287 F.3d 1050 (11th Cir. 2002) (per curiam) Alcantara-Perez, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 882 (BIA 2006) :: 669, :: 547, 752–53 1830 Akinwande v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 517 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 667, 1730 Alcaraz v. INS, 384 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 477, 578, 637, Akinwunmi v. INS, 194 F.3d 1340 (10th Cir. 1999) :: 644, 2001 698, 1725, 1784, 1979, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2037, 2043 Akinyemi v. INS, 969 F.2d 285 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 1759 Alcarez-Garcia v. Ashcroft, 293 F.3d 1155 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2281 Akpan v. Cissna, 288 F.Supp.3d 155 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2316 Alcatel Lucent USA, Inc., 2016-PER-357 (Mar. 7, 2018) :: 1630 Akram, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 874 (BIA 2012) :: 1332–33, 1811, Alcocer v. Mills, 906 F.3d 944 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 533 1847, 2070 Alcorn State Univ., 2012-PER-726 (Dec. 10, 2015) :: 1623 Akram v. Holder, 721 F.3d 853 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1332–33, 2070 Aldabesheh, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 983 (BIA 1999) :: 322, 338, A-L-, Matter of (AAO, VSC Jan. 12, 2017) :: 1354 367, 875 Alabama v. U.S., 198 F.Supp.3d 1263 (N.D. Ala. 2016) :: 48, 910 Aldana v. Del Monte Fresh Produce, 416 F.3d 1242 (11th Cir. Alabama; U.S. v., 691 F.3d 1269 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 50 2005) :: 2143, 2148 Al-Adahi v. Obama, 613 F.3d 1102 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 552 Aldana v. Del Monte Fresh Produce, 578 F.3d 1283 (11th Cir. Alafyouny v. Chertoff, No. 3:06 CV 0204 M, 2006 WL 1581959 2009) :: 1944, 2067, 2151 (N.D. Tex. May 19, 2006) :: 547 Aldana; U.S. v., 878 F.3d 877 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 440 Al-Ahmed v. Chertoff, 564 F.Supp.2d 16 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 1953 Aldana-Ramo0s v. Holder, 757 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 786 Alaka v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 456 F.3d 88 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 334, 873, Aldana-Ramos v. Holder, 757 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 815, 818, 878, 1779, 1958, 1965 830, 1005 Alali-Amin v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 893, Alday-Dominguez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 48 (BIA 2017) :: 328, 1032, 1856, 1864, 1910 346 Al Alwi v. Obama, 653 F.3d 11 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 553 Aldecoaotalora, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 430 (BIA 1983) :: 1415 Alam v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1877, 2036 Alden Mgmt. Servs. v. Chao, 532 F.3d 578 (7th Cir. 2008) :: Alam v. Nielsen, 312 F.Supp.3d 574 (S.D. Tex. 2018) :: 752, 764 1211, 1214 Alameh; U.S. v., 341 F.3d 167 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 2338 Alderete-Deras; U.S. v., 743 F.2d 645 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 670–71 Alamo-Gutierrez; U.S. v., 368 F.Supp.3d 1093 (W.D. Tex. 2019) Aleem v. Perryman, 114 F.3d 672 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 1503 :: 479, 487, 490 Alegria-Saldana; U.S. v., 750 F.3d 638 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 411 Alamprese v. MNSH, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1094 (2003) :: 2161, Aleman-Fiero v. INS, 481 F.2d 601 (5th Cir. 1973) :: 1828 2213 Aleman Gonzalez v. Barr, 955 F.3d 762 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 547–48, Alan Bergman Photography, 1988-INA-404 (1989) :: 1677 745, 751 Alania, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 231 (BIA 2010) :: 1481, 1489 Alemu v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 572 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1047 Alanis-Alvarado v. Mukasey, 558 F.3d 833 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 299 Alemu v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 907 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1878 Alanis-Bustamante v. Reno, 201 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2000) :: Aleskerova; U.S. v., 300 F.3d 286 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 459 371–73, 1752, 2110 Aleutian Capital Partners, LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2014- Alan M. Freund, 2010-PER-1299 (Sept. 29, 2011) :: 1620 LCE-5 (July 9, 2014), aff'd, Aleutian Capital Partners, LLC Alanniz v. Barr, 924 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 827, 1744 v. Hugler, No. 16 Civ. 5149 (ER), 2017 WL 4358767 Alanwoko v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 908 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1013, 1047 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 28, 2017) :: 1198 Alarcon, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 574 (BIA 1980) :: 1454 Aleutian Capital Partners, LLC; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. Alarcon, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 557 (BIA 1992) :: 139, 141–42, 14-082 (June 1, 2016), aff'd, Aleutian Capital Partners, LLC 224, 275, 1468, 1791, 1803, 1847 v. Hugler, No. 16 Civ. 5149 (ER), 2017 WL 4358767 Alarcon-Chavez v. Ashcroft, 403 F.3d 343 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 712 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 28, 2017) :: 1210 Alarcon-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 73 F.3d 289 (10th Cir. 1996) :: 491 Alexander v. INS, 74 F.3d 367 (1st Cir. 1996) :: 576 Alarcon-Serrano v. INS, 220 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 149, Alexander v. Sessions, 263 F.Supp.3d 740 (D. Ariz. 2017) :: 575 2064 Alexandre v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 452 F.3d 1204 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Alaro Garcia v. Johnson, No. 14-cv-01775-YGR, 2014 WL 1755, 1896, 1932, 1936, 2122 6657591 (N.D. Cal. 2015) :: 737, 742, 929 Alexandrescu v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 22 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 793 Alasaad v. Nielsen, 419 F.Supp.3d 142 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 504, Alexandria Granite & Marble, 2010-PER-373 (May 26, 2010) :: 2023–24 1636 Alaska Broadcast Commc'ns, Inc., 2012-PER-2626 (Dec. 13, Alexandrov v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 395 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 469, 662, 2016) :: 1532, 1671, 1673 675, 919, 961, 968, 989, 994, 1040 Al-Atiyeh v. Swacina, 650 F.Supp.2d 1244 (S.D. Fla. 2009) :: Alexis v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 431 F.3d 1291 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 45, 2332 1438 Al-Aulaqi v. Obama, 727 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 2143 Al-Fara v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 733 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 794, 948, Alavez-Hernandez v. Holder, 714 F.3d 1063 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 1044, 2048 785, 789, 841 Al-Farisi v. Mueller, 492 F.Supp.2d 335 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 2331 Al Bahlul v. U.S., 767 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2014) (en banc) :: 209 Alfaro v. Barr, 426 F.Supp.3d 6 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 516, 1943, Al-Bareh v. Chertoff, 592 F.Supp.2d 794 (N.D. Ill. 2008) :: 943, 2003 1982 Alfaro v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 862 F.3d 1261 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 174, Albarran v. Morton, 821 F.Supp.2d 1327 (N.D. Ga. 2011) :: 510, 278 2023 Alfaro; U.S. v., 408 F.3d 204 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 326 Albarran v. Wong, 157 F.Supp.3d 779 (N.D. Ill. 2016) :: 1982 Alfaro Garcia v. Johnson, No. 14-cv-01775-YGR (N.D. Cal. 2015) Albathani v. INS, 318 F.3d 365 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 729, 999, 1813– :: 737 14 Alferahin; U.S. v., 433 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 2338 Albert Einstein Med. Ctr., 1996-INA-263 (Jan. 28, 1999) :: 1692 Alfonso-Bermudez, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 225 (BIA 1967) :: 133 Albert Einstein Med. Ctr., 2009-PER-379 to -391, 2009-PER-433, Alfonso's Pizzeria & Restaurant, 2012-PER-1075 (June 29, 2017) 435-37 (Nov. 21, 2011) (en banc) :: 1608, 1657, 1690, :: 1611 1692, 1706, 1711–12 Alfredo's Restaurant #2, 1990-INA-70 (June 12, 1991) :: 1661, Alberto-Gonzalez v. INS, 215 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 368 1702 Al-Bihani v. Obama, 590 F.3d 866 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 552 Alghawi v. Mukasey, 543 F.Supp.2d 1252 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: Albillo-De Leon v. Gonzales, 410 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 709, 2168, 2172, 2177 1727, 1777, 1881, 2060 Al-Ghorbani v. Holder, 585 F.3d 980 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 816, 819 Albillo-Figueroa v. INS, 221 F.3d 1070 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 338, 345, Alhaj v. Holder, 576 F.3d 533 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1735 2041, 2084 Al-Hamdi; U.S. v., 356 F.3d 564 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 1319 Albu v. Holder, 761 F.3d 817 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 918 Al-Harbi v. INS, 242 F.3d 882 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 797, 807, 889, Alcala v. Hernandez, 826 F.3d 161 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 188 991 Alcala v. Holder, 563 F.3d 1009 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1902 Al-Harbi v. INS, 284 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2173, 2175 Alcantar, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 801 (BIA 1994) :: 319, 362 Alharbi v. Miller, 368 F.Supp.3d 527 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1460, 2012, 2104 2464 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Alhuay v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 661 F.3d 534 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 182, Alimi v. Ashcroft, 391 F.3d 888 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1741 695, 1495, 1778, 1790, 1964, 1972 Alimi v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 829 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 474, 663, 672 Al-Humaid v. Roard, No. 3:09-CV-982-L, 2010 WL 308750 (N.D. Alimoradi v. USCIS, No. CV 08-02529 DDP (JCx) (C.D. Cal. Feb. Tex. Jan. 26, 2010) :: 1572 10, 2009) :: 1468 Ali, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1058 (BIA 1997) :: 1472, 1720 Ali Shafi v. Palestinian Auth., 686 F.Supp.2d 23 (D.D.C. 2010), Ali v. Achim, 342 F.Supp.2d 769 (N.D. Ill. 2004) :: 261 aff'd on other grounds, 642 F.3d 1088 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: Ali v. Achim, 468 F.3d 462 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 221, 867, 871, 873, 2143, 2148 878, 891, 1041, 1060, 1062, 1805, 1958, 1963 Aliyev v. Mukasey, 549 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 800, 830 Ali v. Ashcroft, 346 F.3d 873 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1940, 1943, 1955, Alizoti v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 440 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1857 1979, 2006 Al Jabari v. Chertoff, 536 F.Supp.2d 1029 (D. Minn. 2008) :: 669, Ali v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 407 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1963 1402, 1928, 1969, 1980 Ali v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 780 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 820, 830, 837, 841, Aljabri v. Holder, 745 F.3d 816 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1961, 2303, 855, 869, 1018, 2098 2332, 2336 Ali v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 722 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 310, 378, 478, 874, Al Jibori; U.S. v., 90 F.3d 22 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 566 1726, 2075, 2288 Alkatabi v. DOJ, 777 F.Supp. 271 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) :: 2133 Ali v. Barlow, 446 F.Supp.2d 604 (E.D. Va. 2006) :: 761, 2027 Alkeylani v. DHS, 514 F.Supp.2d 258 (D. Conn. 2007) :: 1928, Ali v. Barr, 924 F.3d 983 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 555 1948 Ali v. Barr, 951 F.3d 275 (5th Cir. 2020) (Ali II) :: 568, 1054 Al-Khayyal v. INS, 818 F.2d 827 (11th Cir. 1987) :: 1161 Ali v. Beers, 988 F.Supp.2d 88 (D. Minn. 2013) :: 473, 760 Al Khouri v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 461 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 470, 590 Ali v. Cangemi, 384 F.3d 989 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 752 Al-Kurna; U.S. v., 808 F.2d 1072 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 434, 1420 Ali v. Cangemi, 419 F.3d 722 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 2028 Allabani v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 668 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 1033 Ali v. Dist. Director, 209 F.Supp.3d 1268 (S.D. Fla. 2016) :: 2280 All Aboard Worldwide Couriers v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 8 F.Supp.2d Ali v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 552 U.S. 214 (2008) :: 2111 379 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 1183 Ali v. Frazier, 575 F.Supp.2d 1084 (D. Minn. 2008) :: 1930, 1953 All American Computers, 1997-INA-143 (1998) :: 1701 Ali v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 982 Allan Gee, Inc., Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 296 (RC 1979) :: 1176, Ali v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 795 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 531, 761, 1900, 1283 1934 Allard K. Lowenstein Int'l Human Rights Project v. DHS, 603 Ali v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 544 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 578 F.Supp.2d 354 (D. Conn. 2009) :: 609, 617 Ali v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 487, 590, 593, Allard K. Lowenstein Int'l Human Rights Project v. DHS, 626 F.3d 1487 678 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 612 Ali v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 515 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1869, 1883 Allen v. Brown, 953 F.Supp. 199 (N.D. Ohio 1997) :: 1380 Ali v. Gonzales, 486 F.Supp.2d 1197 (W.D. Wash. 2007) :: 2035, Allen v. Milas, 896 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 172, 1462, 2013 2168 Allende v. Schultz, 845 F.2d 1111 (1st Cir. 1988) :: 211 Ali v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 659 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1963 Allessio v. Day, 42 F.2d 217 (2d Cir. 1930) :: 133 Ali v. Holder, 637 F.3d 1025 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 839, 841–42, 1034, Alleyne v. INS, 879 F.2d 1177 (3d Cir. 1989) :: 1842, 1847, 1999 1875 Alli v. Decker, 644 F.Supp.2d 535 (M.D. Pa. 2009) :: 1955–56, Ali v. Holder, 686 F.3d 534 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 1002 2104 Ali v. Holder, 776 F.3d 522 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1002 Allianz Global Investors of America, L.P., 2012-PER-1868 (Sept. Ali v. INS, 661 F.Supp. 1234 (D. Mass. 1986) :: 1414, 1809, 16, 2016) :: 1612 1916, 2008, 2028 Allied Fidelity, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 124 (Comm. 1984) :: 532 Ali v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 306 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1054, 1063, 1805 All Monies ($477,048.62) in Acc't No. 90-3617-3, Israel Discount Ali v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 737 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 127, 335, 363, Bank; U.S. v., 754 F.Supp. 1467 (D. Haw. 1991) :: 432 683, 2075, 2077 All Ohio Air Filter Sales & Serv. Co., 2009-PER-205 (Apr. 7, Ali v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 145 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 481, 565, 580, 922, 2010) :: 1619 925, 1978, 1981 All Party Parliamentary Grp. v. Dep't of Defense, 134 F.Supp.3d Ali v. Mukasey, 525 F.3d 171 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1820 201 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 617 Ali v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 478 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 569, 727, 1944 All Seasons Maintenance, 2010-PER-62 (Mar. 30, 2010) :: 1649 Ali v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 1180 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 279, 672, 2000 All Star, 2011-PER-2136 (June 4, 2014) :: 1648 Ali v. Mukasey, 543 F.Supp.2d 1258 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: 2168, Allstate Ins. Co d/b/a Joe Reyna Agency, Inc., 2008-INA-11 (Aug. 2172, 2177 27, 2008) :: 1660 Ali v. Mukasey, 543 F.Supp.2d 1272 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: 2168, Almaghzar v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 915 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 666, 2172, 2177 1003, 2001 Ali v. Obama, 736 F.3d 542 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 552 Al-Maleki v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1200 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 2168, 2171 Ali v. Reno, 237 F.3d 591 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 855–56, 888, 890 Almanza-Arenas, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 771 (BIA 2009), rev'd on Ali v. Reno, 829 F.Supp. 1415 (S.D.N.Y. 1993), aff'd, 22 F.3d 442 other grounds, Almanza-Arenas v. Lynch, 815 F.3d 469 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 274, 650, 1032, 1494 (9th Cir. 2015, amended 2016) (en banc) :: 121, 125, 131, Ali v. Rumsfeld, 649 F.3d 762 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 553, 2138, 2144 140, 352, 358, 388, 1762–63 Ali v. Smith, 39 F.Supp.2d 1254 (W.D. Wash. 1999) :: 2083, 2292 Almanza-Arenas v. Holder, 771 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir.) reh'g en Ali v. Trump, 959 F.3d 364 (D.C. Cir. 2020) :: 552–53 banc granted, 785 F.3d 366 (9th Cir.), amended and super- Ali v. U.S., 849 F.3d 510 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 1418, 1453 seded, 815 F.3d 469 (9th Cir. 2015, amended 2016) :: 1762 Ali v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 443 F.3d 804 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 175, 378, Almanza-Vigil; U.S. v., 912 F.3d 1310 (10th Cir. 2019) :: 306, 395, 677 308, 417 Ali v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 643 F.3d 1324 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 649 Al Maqaleh v. Gates, 604 F.Supp.2d 205 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1942 Ali v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 931 F.3d 1327 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 1011, Al Maqaleh v. Gates, 605 F.3d 84 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 551 1042, 1844 Almaqrami v. Pompeo, 933 F.3d 774 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 1436, Ali; U.S. v., 557 F.3d 715 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1410, 2339 1475, 1948, 2030 Alibasic v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 78 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 841, 967, Almaqrami v. Tillerson, 304 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1948, 1911, 2101 2031, 2033 Alibeaj v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 188 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044 Almarez v. Holder, 608 F.3d 638 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1873, 1878 Aliens for Better Immigr. Laws v. U.S., 871 F.Supp. 182 (S.D.N.Y. Almario v. INS, 872 F.2d 147 (6th Cir. 1989) :: 1402 1994) :: 1541 Almazan-Becerra; U.S. v., 537 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 364, Aliessa v. Novello, 96 N.Y.2d 418 (2001) :: 1511 681, 684 Alikhani v. Fasano, 70 F.Supp.2d 1124 (S.D. Cal. 1999) :: 531, Almbarev v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 872 F.3d 188 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 1835 2004 Almeida v. Holder, 588 F.3d 778 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 328 Alim v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 1239 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 377, 379, Almeida-Amaral v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 231 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 486, 1004, 1013 676 Alimbaev v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 872 F.3d 188 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 1837 Almeida-Sanchez v. U.S., 413 U.S. 266 (1973) :: 40, 502 TABLE OF CASES 2465

Almendarez, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 646 (BIA 2008) :: 1817 Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Tech., Inc., 324 F.Supp.3d 668 (E.D. Almendarez-Torres v. U.S., 523 U.S. 224 (1998) :: 399–400, Va. 2018) :: 2145 2108 Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Tech., Inc., 368 F.Supp.3d 935 (E.D. Almerfedi v. Obama, 654 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 552 Va. 2019) :: 2145 Almero v. INS, 18 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 2311 Al-Siddiqi v. Achim, 531 F.3d 490 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 520, 529–30, Al Milaji v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 768 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1002 548, 1738 Almog v. Arab Bank, PLC, 471 F.Supp.2d 257 (E.D.N.Y. 2007) :: Alsol v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 207 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 314 2144 Alston; U.S. v., 611 F.3d 219 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 387 Almonte v. Holder, 983 F.Supp.2d 234 (W.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 752 Al-Tamimi v. Adelson, 264 F.Supp.3d 69 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2145 Almonte; Administrator, WHD v., 2014-LCA-14 (Sept. 16, 2015) :: Altamirano v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 586 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 172, 249, 1199, 1201, 1210, 1214 273, 2046 Al-Mousa v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 864, 937 Altamirano-Lopez v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 547 (5th Cir. 2006) :: Almuhtaseb v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 743 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 1905, 1859 1986 Altawil v. INS, 179 F.3d 791 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 2099 Almutairi v. Holder, 722 F.3d 996 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1830, 1910 Altayar v. Barr, 947 F.3d 544 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 127, 132 Al Mutairi v. U.S., 644 F.Supp.2d 78 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 553 Altimetrik Corp v. USCIS, No. 18-11755, 2019 WL 4746756 (E.D. Al Mutarreb v. Holder, 561 F.3d 1023 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 567, 689, Mich. Sept. 30, 2019) :: 1183 699, 710–11, 1838, 2045 Alturo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 716 F.3d 1310 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 197– Al-Najar v. Mukasey, 515 F.3d 708 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 379, 382 98, 200 Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 186 F.Supp.2d 1235 (S.D. Fla. 2002) :: 260, Alum-A-Lift, Inc., 2010-PER-245 (Jan. 3, 2011) :: 1642 265 Alvaado De Rodriguez v. Holder, 585 F.3d 227 (5th Cir. 2009) :: Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 748, 785, 1396, 1402, 1837, 1968 808, 1033, 1038, 1051, 1746, 1783, 1832, 1845, 1861, Alva-Arellano v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 1064 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 598, 1970, 1979, 2099 1858 Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 273 F.3d 1330 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 2029 Alvand, Inc.; U.S. v., 2 OCAHO no. 352 (1991) :: 2220 Al-Nashiri, In re; 835 F.3d 110 (D.C. Cir. 2016) :: 551 Alvarado, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 895 (BIA 2016) :: 339, 344, 366, Al-Nashiri, In re; 921 F.3d 224 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 729 1815 Al Nasser; U.S. v., 555 F.3d 722 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 491 Alvarado v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 535 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 316 Alocozy v. USCIS, 704 F.3d 795 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 369, 1723, Alvarado v. Holder, 743 F.3d 271 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1780 1758, 2121, 2297 Alvarado v. Holder, 759 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 291–92, 352, Alom v. Whitaker, 310 F.3d 708 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 1401 358, 364, 681, 683, 1993–95, 2009 Alonzo, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 292 (Comm. 1979) :: 231 Alvarado v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 610 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 2010) :: Alonzo v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 951 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 125, 127, 134, 1720, 1736 286 Alvarado; U.S. v., 635 F.Supp.2d 586 (W.D. Tex. 2009) :: 493 Al Otro Lado v. Wolf, 952 F.3d 999 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 917 Alvarado v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 780, 1774 Al Otro Lado, Inc. v. McAleenan, 394 F.Supp.3d 1168 (S.D. Cal. Alvarado-Alvina, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 718 (BIA 1999) :: 337 2019) :: 916, 2034 Alvarado-Alvino, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 718 (BIA 1999) :: 344 Al Otro Lado, Inc. v. McAleenan, 423 F.Supp.3d 848 (S.D. Cal. Alvarado-Arenas v. Sessions, 851 F.3d 827 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 582, 2019) :: 917 721 Al Otro Lado, Inc. v. Nielsen, 327 F.Supp.3d 1284 (S.D. Cal. Alvarado-Carillo v. INS, 251 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 1004, 1039, 2018) :: 916 2063 Alpha K9 Pet Servs. v. Johnson, 171 F.Supp.3d 568 (S.D. Tex. Alvarado-Delgado; U.S. v., 98 F.3d 492 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 401 2016) :: 2029, 2032 Alvarado-Fonseca v. Holder, 631 F.3d 385 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 371, Alphonse, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 178 (BIA 1981) :: 939–40 387, 478, 1995 Alphonsus v. Holder, 705 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 684, 872– Alvarado-Guevara v. INS, 902 F.2d 394 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 263, 73, 892, 2054 2249 Alpine Cleaning and Restoration Specialists, Inc., 2018-TLN-170 Alvarado-Machado; U.S. v., 867 F.2d 209 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 424, (ALJ Oct. 11, 2018) :: 1243 426, 430 Alpine Electronics of Am., Inc., 1988-INA-107 (1989) :: 1626 Alvarado-Pineda; U.S. v., 774 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 330 Alpine Staffing, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1303 (May 25, 2017) Alvarado-Ramirez; U.S. v., 975 F.Supp. 906 (W.D. Tex. 1997) :: :: 2193, 2208, 2217–18, 2230 493, 496, 501–2 Alpine Store Inc., 2007-PER-40 (June 27, 2007) :: 1674 Alvarenga-Flores v. Sessions, 901 F.3d 922 (7th Cir. 2018) :: Al Ramahi v. Holder, 725 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 864 972, 981, 1001 Alrasheedi; U.S. v., 953 F.Supp.2d 112 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2324 Alvarenga-Villalobos v. Ashcroft, 271 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2001) :: Alrefae v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 353 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 715, 719–20, 668, 744, 1757, 1990 1397 Alvarez v. District Director, 539 F.2d 1220 (9th Cir. 1976) :: 1502 Al-Rifahe v. Mayorkas, 776 F.Supp.2d 927 (D. Minn. 2011) :: Alvarez v. ICE, 818 F.3d 1194 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 550, 1978, 1928, 1969, 1980 2139, 2141 Al-Saadoon v. Lynch, 816 F.3d 1013 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 2290 Alvarez v. Interstate Highway Constr., 1 OCAHO no. 430 (1992) :: Al Sabahi; U.S. v., 719 F.3d 305 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 441, 1476 2212 Alsabri v. Obama, 684 F.3d 1298 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 552 Alvarez v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 288 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 338 Alsagladi v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 700 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 866, 925– Alvarez v. Sessions, 338 F.Supp.3d 1042 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 513 26 Alvarez v. U.S., 862 F.3d 1297 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 2135 Al-Saher v. INS, 268 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 881 Alvarez Acosta v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 524 F.3d 1191 (11th Cir. 2008) Alsaidi v. DOS, 292 F.Supp.3d 320 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1917, 2319, :: 147, 1958 2334 Alvarez-Barajas v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Al-Saka v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 427 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 631, 1395 228, 370 Alsamhouri v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 117 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 473, 590, Alvarez-Bernabe; U.S. v., 626 F.3d 1161 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 451 1965 Alvarez-Cardenas; U.S. v., 902 F.2d 734 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 459 Al-Sharif v. USCIS, 734 F.3d 207 (3d Cir. 2013 (en banc) :: 330, Alvarez-Cerriteno v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 774 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 298 337 Alvarez-Delmuro v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 1254 (10th Cir. 2004) :: Alsheweikh v. INS, 990 F.2d 1025 (8th Cir. 1993) :: 2099 1778, 1972 Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Tech., 758 F.3d 516 (4th Cir. 2014) :: Alvarez-Espino v. Barr, 951 F.3d 868 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 634 2145 Alvarez-Espino v. Barr, 959 F.3d 813 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 1831 Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Tech., Inc., 320 F.Supp.3d 781 (E.D. Alvarez, Estate of, v. Johns Hopkins Univ., 205 F.Supp.3d 681 Va. 2018) :: 2150 (D. Md. 2016) :: 2142, 2144, 2148–49 2466 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Alvarez, Estate of, v. Johns Hopkins Univ., 275 F.Supp.3d 670 Amedisys, Inc., 2015-PER-280 (Mar. 29, 2017) :: 1647, 1649 (D. Md. 2017) :: 2148–51 Ameeriar v. INS, 438 F.2d 1028 (3d Cir. 1971) :: 1475 Alvarez-Flores v. INS, 909 F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 815, 947, Amergi, Estate of, v. Palestinian Auth., 611 F.3d 1350 (11th Cir. 1999 2010) :: 2143 Alvarez-Garcia v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 45, American Acad. of Religion v. Chertoff, 463 F.Supp.2d 400 276, 481, 1479 (S.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 1950, 2014, 2028 Alvarez-Garcia v. INS, 234 F.Supp.2d 283 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 574 American Acad. of Religion v. Napolitano, 573 F.3d 115 (2d Cir. Alvarez-Hernandez v. Acosta, 401 F.3d 327 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 2009) :: 197–98, 209, 281, 1079, 1462, 2014, 2021, 2024, 1751–54 2051 Alvarez Lagos v. Barr, 927 F.3d 236 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 822, 828, American Airlines, 2010-PER-1100 (Oct. 27, 2010) :: 1712 888, 1040 American Airlines, 2012-PER-1347 (Feb. 12, 2015) :: 1628 Alvarez-Machain; U.S. v., 504 U.S. 655 (1992) :: 42 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Ashcroft, 241 Alvarez-Portillo v. Ashcroft, 280 F.3d 858 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 2117 F.Supp.2d 1111 (C.D. Cal. 2003) :: 1113 Alvarez-Quintana, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 255 (BIA 1973) :: 1408 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Ashcroft, 272 Alvarez-Reynaga v. Holder, 596 F.3d 534 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 329 F.Supp.2d 650 (E.D. Mich. 2003) :: 241, 248, 1947, 2102 Alvarez-Sanchez; U.S. v., 774 F.2d 1036 (11th Cir. 1985) :: 491 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. DHS, 516 Alvarez-Santos v. INS, 332 F.3d 1245 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 976, 981, F.Supp.2d 83 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 614 1960, 1991 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Nelson, 940 F.2d Alvarez-Ulloa; U.S. v., 784 F.3d 558 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 407 445 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2027 Alvear v. Kirk, 87 F.Supp.2d 1241 (D.N.M. 2000) :: 2293 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Reno, 70 F.3d 1045 Alvear-Velez v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 672 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 569 (9th Cir. 1995), rev'd on other grounds, 525 U.S. 471 (1999) Alvezures-Gomes v. Lynch, 830 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 824 :: 40, 46–47, 531, 558, 565–66, 764, 766, 1451, 1802, Alvidres-Reyes v. Reno, 180 F.3d 199 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 1951, 1908–9, 1911, 1954–55, 1978, 2009, 2027, 2126 1982 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Reno, 883 F.Supp. Alvidrez v. Ridge, 311 F.Supp.2d 1163 (D. Kan. 2004) :: 1334– 1365 (C.D. Cal. 1995) :: 687 35, 1427 American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Thornburgh, 940 Alvizures-Gomes v. Lynch, 830 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1043 F.2d 445 (9th Cir. 1991), amended and superseded on de- Alwaday v. Beebe, 43 F.Supp.2d 1130 (D. Or. 1999) :: 544 nial of reh'g, 970 F.2d 501 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 211 Alwan v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 507 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 339, 345, 573, American Ass'n of Retired Persons v. EEOC, 873 F.2d 402 (D.C. 2033, 2038 Cir. 1989) :: 2166–67 Al Wazzan, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 359 (AAO 2010) :: 1598 American Baptist Churches v. Meese, 712 F.Supp. 756 (N.D. Cal. Alwya Computer, 1988-INA-218 (1989) :: 1676–77 1989) :: 427, 566, 777–78, 2009, 2021 Al Yaltim v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 584 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1047, 1878 American Baptist Churches v. Thornburgh, 760 F.Supp. 796 Alyas v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 756 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1996–97 (N.D. Cal. 1991) :: 904, 1775 Alyazji, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 397 (BIA 2011) :: 75, 286, 1477 American Baptist Churches v. Thornburgh, No. C-85-3255-RFP (N.D. Cal. Sept. 11, 1989) :: 896 Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc'y, 421 U.S. 240 (1975) :: 2166 American Biotech, Inc. v. INS, No. Civ-2-88-262 (E.D. Tenn. Mar. 27, 1989) :: 1184, 2031 Alyn Indus., Inc. d/b/a Electronic Source Co.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1141 (Aug. 17, 2011) :: 2218, 2226, 2228–29, 2233 American Chick Sexing Ass'n, 1989-INA-145 (Dec. 22, 1989) :: 1658 Alzaarir v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 629 F.3d 86 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1883 American Chick Sexing Ass'n & Accu-Co, 1989-INA-320 (Mar. Al-Zahrani v. Rodriguez, 669 F.3d 315 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 2145 12, 1991) :: 1658 Alzainati v. Holder, 568 F.3d 844 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 1778, 1972 American Civil Liberties Union, see ACLU Alzokari v. Pompeo, 394 F.Supp.3d 250 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2318 American Ctr. for Law v. DOS, 249 F.Supp.3d 275 (D.D.C. 2017) Alzuraiki v. Heinauer, 544 F.Supp.2d 862 (D. Neb. 2008) :: 1930, :: 603 1949 American Ctr. for Law & Justice v. DOS, 330 F.Supp.3d 293 A.M., Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 332 (BIA 1956) :: 2283 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 613 A-M-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 737 (BIA 2005) :: 791, 863, 1015, American Ctr. for Law & Justice v. DOS, 354 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 1738–39, 1829 2018) :: 613 A-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 66 (BIA 2009) :: 1765, 1767, 1769, American Disability Ass'n Inc. v. Chmielarz, 289 F.3d 1315 (11th 2108 Cir. 2002) :: 2168 Amadei v. Nielsen, 348 F.Supp.3d 145 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 502, American Express Travel Related Servs., 2011-PER-2831 (Nov. 1919, 2024 25, 2014) :: 1621 Amado & Monteiro, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 179 (BIA 1969) :: 1818 American Express Travel Related Servs., 2015-PER-443 (Mar. Amador-Palomares v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 864 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 31, 2017) :: 1693 151, 1729, 1782 American Express Travel Related Servs., 2016-PER-155 (June Amadou v. INS, 226 F.3d 724 (6th Cir. 2000) :: 695 22, 2018) :: 1693 Amami Int'l, Inc., 1996-INA-477 (May 19, 1998) :: 1677 American Fed'n of Labor v. Chertoff, No. C 07-04472 CRB (N.D. Amanfi v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 719 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 814, 1020 Cal. Oct. 10, 2007) :: 2021, 2024 Amanullah v. Cobb, 862 F.2d 362 (1st Cir. 1988) :: 277 American Friends Serv. Comm. v. Thornburgh, 961 F.2d 1405 Amanullah v. Nelson, 811 F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1987) :: 2051 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 2238 Amaya, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 583 (BIA 1996) :: 673, 676, 703 American Hosp. v. Sullivan, 938 F.2d 216 (D.C. Cir. 1991) :: 2166 Amaya Andrade v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 1242 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 891 American Immigr. Council v. DHS, 21 F.Supp.3d 60 (D.D.C. Amaya-Artunduaga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 463 F.3d 1247 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 605, 609, 613 2006) :: 1994, 1997, 2001, 2007 American Immigr. Council v. DHS, 30 F.Supp.3d 67 (D.D.C. Amaya-Benitez; U.S. v., 69 F.3d 1243 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 459 2014) :: 610, 613 Amaya-Manzanares; U.S. v., 377 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 435 American Immigr. Council v. DHS, 82 F.Supp.3d 396 (D.D.C. Amazon Corporate LLC, 2012-PER-2844 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1613 2015) :: 2179 Ambartsoumian v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 85 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 835, American Immigr. Council v. DHS, 905 F.Supp.2d 206 (D.D.C. 965, 1037 2012) :: 605, 609, 616 Ambati v. Reno, 233 F.3d 1054 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 590, 636, 1013 American Immigr. Council v. DHS, 950 F.Supp.2d 221 (D.D.C. Ambe, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 3 (DD 1968) :: 1157 2013) :: 605, 609, 616 Ambras Trading Corp., 1997-INA-406 (July 27, 1998) :: 1700 American Immigr. Council v. EOIR, 418 F.Supp.3d 10 (S.D.N.Y. Ambriz-Ambriz; U.S. v., 586 F.3d 719 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 73, 406 2019) :: 604 Ambroise v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 932 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1003 American Immigr. Lawyers Assoc., see AILA Amdocs BCS Vision, 2008-PER-246 (Feb. 24, 2009) :: 1674 American Modern Green Senior (Houston) LLC, In re; No. 3- A-M-E-, Matter of, see Ucelo-Gomez v. Mukasey 18927 (SEC Dec. 12, 2018) :: 1591 TABLE OF CASES 2467

American Oversight v. DOS, 414 F.Supp.3d 182 (D.D.C. 2019) :: Anderson v. DOS, 661 F.Supp.2d 6 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 606 600 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986) :: 2123 American Pipe & Constr. Co. v. Utah, 414 U.S. 538 (1974) :: 2105 Anderson v. McElroy, 953 F.2d 803 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 764, 1759, American Public Transport, 2015-PER-290 (Mar. 30, 2018) :: 1825, 1833, 2061 1652 Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co., 328 U.S. 680 (1946) :: American Sinopan, LLC, 2019-TLN-124-132 (May 17, 2019) :: 1198 1244 Anderson v. Napolitano, 611 F.3d 275 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 746 American Sociological Ass'n v. Chertoff, 588 F.Supp.2d 166 (D. Anderton; U.S. v., 901 F.3d 278 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 429 Mass. 2008) :: 1462, 2014 Andia v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 710, 716 American Specialty Pharmacy, 2016-PER-16 (June 29, 2019) :: Andino-Matamoros; U.S. v., 365 F.Supp.3d 1109 (D. Nev. 2019) 1616 :: 419 American Terrazzo; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 828 (Dec. 13, 1995) :: Andrade v. Ashcroft, 270 F.Supp.2d 344 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1940 2196, 2212 Andrade v. Gonzales, 459 F.3d 538 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 322, 324, American Trucking Assoc., Inc. v. Smith, 496 U.S. 167 (1990) :: 569, 571, 752, 761, 1792 2119 Andrade-Garcia v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 829 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 742, Ames True Temper, Inc., 2012-PER-1419 (Aug. 22, 2016) :: 1655 745, 884, 929, 2051 Ameyovi J. Oyassan, 2007-PER-69 (Dec. 18, 2007) :: 1632 Andrade-Garcia v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 829 (9th Cir. 2016)) :: 1989 Amezcua-Preciado v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 943 F.3d 1337 (11th Cir. Andrade Jaso and Carbajal Ayala, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 557 2019) :: 811, 818, 820, 822, 1017 (BIA 2019) :: 566, 1766 Amezcua-Vasquez; U.S. v., 567 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 448, Andrade-Partida; U.S. v., 110 F.Supp.2d 1260 (N.D. Cal. 2000) :: 452, 456 597, 1821 Ameziane v. Obama, 58 F.Supp.3d 99 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 554 Andrade-Zamora v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 945 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 379, Ameziane v. Obama, 699 F.3d 488 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 553 1762–63, 2075 Amezola-Garcia v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 553 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 2170 Andreasyan v. Gonzales, 446 F.Supp.2d 1186 (W.D. Wash. Amezola-Garcia v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 135 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 794, 2006) :: 752 1812 Andreiu v. Ashcroft, 253 F.3d 477 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc) :: Amger Corp., 1987-INA-545 (1987) :: 1685 2089, 2107, 2110 Amilcar-Orellana v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 86 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 806, Andrews v. City of New York, 118 F.Supp.3d 630 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) 825, 885, 887 :: 2180 Amin, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 209 (RC 1969) :: 1157 Andrews v. Orr, 851 F.2d 146 (6th Cir. 1988) :: 2105 Amin v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 648 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1003 Andrews Indep. Sch., 2016-PER-478 (Jan. 10, 2019) :: 1624 Amir v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 921 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 885, 982, 2082 Andriasian v. INS, 180 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 747, 850, 868, Am-Kor Fire Protection Co., Inc., 2012-PER-1015 (Dec. 31, 2015) 926, 1052 :: 1631 Andron v. Gonzales, 487 F.Supp.2d 1089 (W.D. Mo. 2007) :: Amneal Pharmaceuticals of NY, LLC., 2017-PER-191, 197, 199 2331 (Oct. 26, 2018) :: 1697 Andújar-Arias; U.S. v., 507 F.3d 734 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 388 Amnesty Int'l USA v. CIA, 728 F.Supp.2d 479 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) :: Anees v. Napolitano, 972 F.Supp.2d 140 (D. Mass. 2013) :: 2337 614, 617 Anetekhai v. INS, 876 F.2d 1218 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 1402 Amoakowaa v. Reno, 94 F.Supp.2d 903 (N.D. Ill. 2000) :: 1956, Aneyoue v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 905 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1858 1976 Ang v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 50 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 814, 819, 844, Amos v. Lynch, 790 F.3d 512 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 302 1846 Amos Treat & Co. v. FCC, 306 F.2d 260 (D.C. Cir. 1962) :: 726 Angamarca v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 897 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1764, Amouri v. Holder, 572 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 472, 589, 834, 1768, 1781 1043 Angeles v. District Director, 729 F.Supp. 479 (D. Md. 1990) :: Amouzadeh v. Winfrey, 467 F.3d 451 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 126, 142, 274, 1503 288, 1745, 1804, 2339 Angeles v. Johnson, 121 F.Supp.3d 997 (S.D. Cal. 2015) :: 1412, Ampadu v. USCIS, 944 F.Supp.2d 648 (C.D. Ill. 2013) :: 2316 1424, 1426, 1452, 1486 Ampe v. Johnson, 157 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 179–81, Angeles-Mascote; U.S. v., 206 F.3d 529 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 407 2323, 2331 Angel-Guzman; U.S. v., 506 F.3d 1007 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 447 AMR Capital Trading Corp., 2012-PER-609 (Jan. 19, 2016) :: Angel-Ramos v. Reno, 227 F.3d 942 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 44, 1783 1624, 1638–39, 1690 Angoucheva v. INS, 106 F.3d 781 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 1018, 1846 Amrollah v. Napolitano, 710 F.3d 568 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 200, 567, Angov v. Holder, 736 F.3d 1263 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1831 1061 Angov v. Holder, 788 F.3d 893 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 663, 673, 961, Amsol, Inc., 2008-INA-112 to -148 (Sept. 3, 2009) :: 1688, 1691 968, 1831 Amtel Grp. of Fla., Inc. v. Rungvichit Yongmahapakorn, 2004- Anguiano v. ICE, 356 F.Supp.3d 917 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 605, 608 LCA-6, ARB No. 04-087 (ARB Sept. 29, 2006) :: 1171, Anguiano-Morfin; U.S. v., 713 F.3d 1208 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 2339 1190, 1200, 1214, 1310 Anguimate v. DHS, 918 F.Supp.2d 13 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 613 Anabelo & Dorothy Borja, 2006-INA-54 (Mar. 13, 2007) :: 1667 Angulo-Dominguez v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Anacassus v. Holder, 602 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 789 1366 ANA Int'l Inc. v. Way, 393 F.3d 886 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1456, 1966, Anifowoshe, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 442 (BIA 2008) :: 1381, 2108 2065 Anim v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 243 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 469, 662, 674, Analysts Int'l Corp., 95-INA-62 (Dec. 23, 1996) :: 1663 798, 961, 968, 991, 994 Ananeh-Firempong v. INS, 766 F.2d 621 (1st Cir. 1985) :: 820 Animal Crackers Café, 1999-INA-257 (Aug. 3, 2000) :: 1673 Anaya, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 488 (BIA 1973) :: 482 Animal Def. Council v. Hodel, 840 F.2d 1432 (9th Cir. 1988) :: Anaya-Acosta; U.S. v., 629 F.3d 1091 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 442 2049 Anaya Castro; U.S. v., 455 F.3d 1249 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 388 Anira Solutions, Inc., 2014-PER-1561 (May 29, 2019) :: 1613 Anaya-Ortiz v. Mukasey, 594 F.3d 673 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 681, 871, Annachamy v. Holder, 733 F.3d 254 (9th Cir. 2013), overruled in 873, 2077 part on other grounds by Abdisalan v. Holder, 774 F.3d 517 Ancient Coin Collectors Guild v. DOS, 641 F.3d 504 (D.C. Cir. (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc) :: 200, 206, 2079 2011) :: 604 Annan v. Lynch, 202 F.Supp.3d 596 (E.D. Va. 2016) :: 1409, Andazola-Rivas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 319 (BIA 2002) :: 1771, 2291 1777 An Na Peng v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1248 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 227–28 Anderson, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 596 (BIA 1978) :: 1771, 1782 Annar Mangalji, 1988-INA-177 (BALCA 1988) :: 1670 Anderson, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 888 (BIA 1994) :: 1398, 1400 Annette Guevarra Peig, 2015-PER-558 (Feb. 27, 2020) :: 1614 Anderson v. City of Bessemer, 470 U.S. 564 (1985) :: 1837 Annie & Ronald Baldwin, 2005-INA-64 (Dec. 14, 2006) :: 1667 Anderson v. Conboy, 156 F.3d 167 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 2131 Anodizing Indus., Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1184 (May 24, Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635 (1987) :: 2161, 2164 2013) :: 2194, 2219 2468 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

A-N- & R-M-N-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 953 (BIA 1999) :: 274, Aquino-Encarnacion v. INS, 296 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2002) :: 139, 1032, 1872, 1888 285 Anselmo, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 152 (BIA 1977) :: 1416 A-R-A-A-E-, Matter of; ID# 279893 (AAO May 10, 2017) :: 1538 Anselmo, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 25 (BIA 1989) :: 1816, 1847, Aracely v. Nielsen, 319 F.Supp.3d 110 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 244, 246 2174 Aracely, R. v. Nielsen, 319 F.Supp.3d 110 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 516, Anssari-Gharachedaghy v. INS, 246 F.3d 512 (6th Cir. 2000) :: 524, 529, 942, 1918, 2040 1819 Aragon v. Che Ku, 277 F.Supp.3d 1055 (D. Minn. 2017) :: 2144, Antenor v. D&S Farms, 88 F.3d 925 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 2248 2152 Anthony Borrelli & Sons, Inc.; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1027 (1999) Aragon-Ayon v. INS, 206 F.3d 847 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 370–71 :: 2190 Aragon-Munoz v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 82 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 717, Anthony T. Lee, M.D., 2002-INA-274 (May 26, 2004) :: 1663 1866 Antia-Perea v. Holder, 768 F.3d 647 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 395, 474, Aragon-Ruiz; U.S. v., 551 F.Supp.2d 904 (D. Minn. 2008) :: 488 589, 663, 672–73, 676, 685 Aragon-Salazar v. Holder, 769 F.3d 699 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 1773, Antipova v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 392 F.3d 1259 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 835, 2070, 2125 869, 1011 Arai, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 494 (BIA 1970) :: 1474, 1785 Antoine v. U.S., 204 F.Supp.2d 115 (D. Mass 2002) :: 892 Arais-Ordonez; U.S. v., 597 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 471 Antoni Adamczyk, 2011-PER-1372 (Apr. 20, 2012) :: 1620 Aramark v. Educational Servs. & UNITE HERE Local 26, Cases Antonio-Cruz v. INS, 147 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1964 1-CA-43486, 43657-58 (Feb. 18, 2010) :: 2198, 2246 Antonio-Fuentes v. Holder, 764 F.3d 902 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 822, Aramark Corp., 2008-PER-181 (Jan. 8, 2009) :: 1642, 1648 1047, 1993 Aramark Facility v. Service Emps. Local 1877, 530 F.3d 817 (9th Antonio-Martinez v. INS, 317 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 2035 Cir. 2008) :: 2196–97, 2245 Antonishin v. Keisler, 627 F.Supp.2d 872 (N.D. Ill. 2009) :: 1923, Arambula-Medina v. Holder, 572 F.3d 824 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 476, 1930, 1949, 1952, 2332 1726 Antonyan v. Holder, 642 F.3d 1250 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 829, 1031 Arana v. INS, 673 F.2d 75 (3d Cir. 1982) :: 1888, 2036 Antuna-Moran; U.S. v., 488 F.3d 1048 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 453 Arango; U.S. v., 670 F.3d 988 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 2322–23, 2325 Anwar v. INS, 116 F.3d 140 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 1822, 1900, 2008 Arango-Aradondo v. INS, 13 F.3d 610 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 1843, Anwar; U.S. v., 428 F.3d 1102 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 434, 1420 1999, 2087 Anwo, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 293 (BIA 1977), aff'd, Anwo v. INS, Arango Marquez v. INS, 346 F.3d 892 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 271, 1943 607 F.2d 435 (D.C. Cir. 1975) :: 1749 Arangure v. Whitaker, 911 F.3d 333 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 327, 567– Any & All Funds or Other Assets, in Brown Brothers Harriman & 68, 2072 Co. Account #8870792 in the Name of Tiger Eye Invs. Ltd., Arar v. Ashcroft, 585 F.3d 559 (2d Cir. 2009) (en banc) :: 550, In re; 613 F.3d 1122 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 433 2140, 2149 Anyanwu v. INS, 645 F.Supp. 266 (D.N.J. 1986) :: 1916 Araujo v. U.S., 301 F.Supp.2d 1095 (N.D. Cal. 2004) :: 747, 2137 Anyelo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 337 (BIA 2010) :: 714 Araujo-Cortes v. Shanahan, 35 F.Supp.3d 533 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: A-O-B-, Matter of; ID# 14958 (AAO Jan. 15, 2016) :: 1536 2004, 2009 A-O-C-, Matter of; Adopted Decision, 2019-03 (AAO Oct. 11, Arbelaez-Naranjo, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 403 (RC 1983) :: 515, 2019) :: 1550 532 Aoun v. INS, 342 F.3d 503 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 1748, 1783 Arbelo; U.S. v., 288 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. 2002) (per curiam) :: A-P-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 468 (BIA 1999) :: 724 2288 Aparicio v. Blakeway, 302 F.3d 437 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 2026, 2330 Arbid v. Holder, 674 F.3d 1138 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 872–73 Aparicio-Brito v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 674 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 487, 672, Arbid v. Holder, 700 F.3d 379 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 871 728, 942, 1735, 1994 Arbin Corp., 2013-PER-52 (June 29, 2017) :: 1635, 1655 Aphrodite Invs. Ltd., Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 530 (Comm. 1980) :: Arboleda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 434 F.3d 1220 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 850 1176, 1283 Arcadia Enterprises, 1987-INA-692 (1988) :: 1661 API Accounting & Computer Consulting; Administrator, WHD v., Arca-Pineda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 527 F.3d 101 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 2007-LCA-81 (Jan. 25, 2008) :: 1218 1783 A-Plus Roofing, Inc. v. INS, 929 F.2d 489 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2237 Arce v. Garcia, 434 F.3d 1254 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 2148 Apolinar v. Barr, 945 F.3d 1072 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1777 Arce v. U.S., 899 F.3d 796 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1981, 2134 Apollo Consulting Servs. Corp., 2010-PER-280 (Jan. 12, 2011) :: Arce-Hernandez; U.S. v., 163 F.3d 559 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 422–23, 1621 597 Aponte v. Holder, 610 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1822, 1824 Arce-Padilla; U.S. v., 981 F.Supp.2d 852 (D. Ariz. 2013) :: 432 Apostolic Assembly of the Faith in Christ Jesus, 2008-INA-99 Arce-Vences v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 167 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 309, (Mar. 3, 2008) :: 1684 2009 Apouviepseakoda v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 881 (7th Cir. 2007) :: A-R-C-G-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 388 (BIA 2014) :: 811, 822, 728, 1001 1016, 1019 Appah v. Sava, 636 F.Supp. 207 (S.D.N.Y. 1986) :: 260 Archer; U.S. v., 671 F.3d 149 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 435 Appiah v. INS, 202 F.3d 704 (4th Cir. 2000) :: 40, 478, 482, 1727, Architectural Stone Accents, Inc., 2011-PER-2719 (July 3, 2013) 1783 :: 1635, 1639, 1641 Appix, Inc., 2009-PER-411 (May 26, 2010) :: 1636 Arctic Air Conditioning & Heating, Inc.; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. Apple Inc., 2011-PER-1669 (Jan. 20, 2015) :: 1615–16 1341 (Jan. 30, 2020) :: 2211 Apple Inc., 2012-PER-3515 (Apr. 24, 2017) :: 1613 Arctic Catering, Inc. v. Thornburgh, 769 F.Supp. 1167 (D. Colo. Apple Inc., 2012-PER-3516 (Apr. 24, 2017) :: 1668 1991) :: 1180, 1184 Application of, see name of party Arden Wood, Inc. v. USCIS, 480 F.Supp.2d 141 (D.D.C. 2007) :: Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000) :: 295, 380, 400, 2018, 2021 430, 445 Ardestani v. INS, 502 U.S. 129 (1991) :: 1920, 2112, 2165, 2174 APRA Fuel Oil Buyers Grp., 320 NLRB 408 (1995), enforced, 134 Ardestani v. INS, 904 F.2d 1505 (11th Cir.), aff'd on other F.3d 50 (2d Cir. 1997) :: 2245 grounds, 502 U.S. 129 (1991) :: 2112 APT-Advanced Polymer Tech., 2010-PER-1433 (Sept. 13, 2013) Ardon-Matute v. INS, 157 F.3d 696 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1777 :: 1613, 1707 Areguillin, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 308 (BIA 1980) :: 176, 273, AQR Capital Mgmt., 2010-PER-323 (Jan. 26, 2011) :: 1630 1463 Aquasafe Pool Management, Inc., 2019-TLN-27 (Feb. 8, 2019) :: Arej v. Sessions, 852 F.3d 665 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1875 1251, 1263 Arellano-Garcia v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 1183 (8th Cir. 2005) :: Aquilar v. ICE, 811 F.Supp.2d 803 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 2024, 2139 483, 1743, 2116 Aquilar-Escoto v. Sessions, 874 F.3d 334 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 930, Arellano-Hernandez v. Holder, 564 F.3d 906 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 991 668, 1769 Aquino-Chacon; U.S. v., 109 F.3d 936 (4th Cir. 1997) :: 409 Arellano Hernandez v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 1127 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 323 TABLE OF CASES 2469

Arellano-Torres; U.S. v., 303 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 455 Arobelidze v. Holder, 653 F.3d 513 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1805, 2078, Aremu v. DHS, 450 F.3d 578 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 75, 286, 1477, 2080 2082 Aronov v. Napolitano, 562 F.3d 84 (1st Cir. 2009) (en banc) :: Arenas, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 174 (BIA 1975) :: 1409 2167–68, 2172 Arenas-Yeses v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 554, Arpaio v. Obama, 797 F.3d 11 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 2023 1748, 1783 Arrabally & Yerrabelly, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 771 (BIA 2012) :: Arevalo v. Ashcroft, 260 F.Supp.2d 347 (D. Mass. 2003) :: 754 73, 77, 155, 158–59, 161, 898, 1482, 1493, 1817, 2080 Arevalo v. Ashcroft, 344 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 47, 477, 637, Arrazabal v. Barr, 929 F.3d 451 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 890, 1040 743, 745–46, 1487, 1725, 1989–90, 2083, 2107–8 Arrazabal v. Lynch, 822 F.3d 961 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 821, 888, 973, Arevalo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 872 F.3d 1184 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 229, 976, 990, 995 1372, 1764, 2110 Arreaza-Cruz v. INS, 39 F.3d 909 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 750 Arevalo v. Woods, 811 F.2d 487 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 2136, 2141 Arredondo v. Holder, 623 F.3d 1317 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1844 Arevalo-Cortez v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 1022 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1002 Arredondo v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 801 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 721 Arevalo-Franco v. INS, 772 F.Supp. 959 (W.D. Tex. 1991) :: 2180 Arreguin, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 38 (BIA 1995) :: 684, 1475, Arevalo-Franco v. INS, 889 F.2d 589 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 606 1723, 1758–60 Arévalo-Girón v. Holder, 667 F.3d 79 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 794, 1043 Arreguin v. Sanchez, 398 F.Supp.3d 1314 (S.D. Ga. 2019) :: Arevalo-Juarez; U.S. v., 464 F.3d 1246 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 388 2152, 2248 Arevalo-Tavares; U.S. v., 210 F.3d 1198 (10th Cir. 2000) :: 416 Arreguin-Moreno v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 1229 (9th Cir. 2008) :: Argaw v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 521 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 145, 290, 1838, 1731, 1813, 2006 1848 Arrellano-Flores v. Hoy, 262 F.2d 667 (9th Cir. 1958) :: 382 Argentina v. NML Capital, LTD, 134 S.Ct. 2250 (2014) :: 2154 Arrelucea-Zamudio; U.S. v., 581 F.3d 142 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 389 Argentine Republic v. Amerada Hess Shipping Corp., 488 U.S. Arreola-Arellano v. INS, 223 F.3d 653 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 1441 428 (1989) :: 2142, 2154 Arreola-Arreola v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 956 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 743– Argiz v. INS, 704 F.2d 384 (7th Cir. 1983) :: 479 44, 1990 Argiz v. U.S. Immigration, 704 F.2d 384 (7th Cir. 1983) :: 539 Arrey v. Barr, 916 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 589, 854, 892 Arguelles, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 811 (BIA 1999) :: 1735–36 Arriaga v. Florida Pacific Farms, LLC, 305 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. Arguelles-Olivares v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 171 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 2002) :: 1235, 1254, 2248, 2250 335, 363, 682–83 Arriaga v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 219 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 299 Argueta v. Holder, 617 F.3d 109 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1774 Arrieta v. INS, 117 F.3d 429 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 713, 717 Argueta v. ICE, 643 F.3d 60 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 2123, 2138 Arrieta; U.S. v., 224 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 226, 420, 597, Argueta-Mejia; U.S. v., 166 F.Supp.3d 1216 (D. Colo. 2014), 737 aff'd, 615 F.App'x 485 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 405, 488, 493, 510 Arrieta; U.S. v., 862 F.3d 512 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 442 Argueta-Rosales; U.S. v., 819 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 402–3, Arroyo v. DHS, No. SACV 19-815 JGB (SHKx), 2019 WL 407 2912848 (C.D. Cal. June 20, 2019) :: 514 Arias, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 568 (BIA 1988) :: 1086, 1454, 1461 Arroyo; U.S. v., 356 F.Supp.3d 619 (W.D. Tex. 2018) :: 412 Arias v. Dyncorp, 517 F.Supp.2d 221 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 2144 Arroyo-Garcia; U.S. v., 746 F.Supp. 1039 (D. Nev. 1990) :: 422 Arias v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 823 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 123–24, 142–43, Arroyo-Garcia; U.S. v., 751 F.Supp. 172 (D. Nev. 1990) :: 422 2125 Arrozal v. INS, 159 F.3d 429 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1748, 1771, 1783, Arias v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 482 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 1905 1888, 1958, 1969, 2056, 2058, 2062 Arias Leiva v. Warden, 928 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 461, 880 Arsdi v. Holder, 659 F.3d 925 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 2000 Arias-Minaya v. Holder, 779 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 684, 1723, Arteaga v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 330, 813, 2036 827, 887 Arias-Ordonez; U.S. v., 597 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 410 Arteaga-De Alvarez v. Holder, 704 F.3d 730 (9th Cir. 2012) :: Arias-Valencia v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 428 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1857 475, 1772, 1779, 1899 Ariemma's Italian Deli, 2011-PER-2637 (Sept. 25, 2012) :: 1633 Artee Corp., Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 366 (Comm. 1982) :: 1243 Ariemma's Italian Deli, 2015-PER-612 (June 27, 2019) :: 1678 Arthur, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 558 (BIA 1978) :: 172 Arif v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 677 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 870 Arthur, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 475 (BIA 1992) :: 592, 1403, 1470, Aris v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 595 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 640, 708, 720 1786, 1867 Arisco Farms, LLC, 2011-PER-2344 (Sept. 10, 2013) :: 1668 Arthur v. ICE, 713 F.Supp.2d 179 (W.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 2029 Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279 (1991) :: 639, 699 Artia-Campos; U.S. v., 607 F.3d 487 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 412, 418 Arizona v. The Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc., 570 U.S. 1 (2013) Artigas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 99 (BIA 2001) :: 276, 1058, 1479 :: 49 Artiga-Turcios v. INS, 829 F.2d 720 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 949 Arizona v. U.S., 567 U.S. 387 (2012) :: 37–38, 48–49, 51, 484– Artistic Stone Masonry Supply, Inc., 2012-PER-677 (Mar. 21, 85, 509 2013) :: 1611 Arizona; U.S. v., 119 F.Supp.3d 955 (D. Ariz 2014) :: 51 Art O Frame, 2009-PER-150 (June 30, 2009) :: 1611, 1623 Arizona v. Youngblood, 488 U.S. 51 (1988) :: 444 Arulampalam v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 679 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 975, 997 Arizona Contractors Ass'n Inc. v. Napolitano, 526 F.Supp.2d 968 Arulampalam v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1087 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2175 (D. Ariz. 2007) :: 2022 Aruna, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 452 (BIA 2008) :: 314, 362 Arizona Dream Act Coal. v. Brewer, 757 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. Aruta v. INS, 80 F.3d 1389 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 846 2014) :: 39, 51, 1513, 2243 Arvalo v. Barr, 950 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 698 Arizona Dream Act Coal. v. Brewer, 818 F.3d 901 (9th Cir. 2016) Arvizu; U.S. v., 534 U.S. 266 (2002) :: 491 :: 39, 51, 1795 Arya v. Director, Detroit Dist. USCIS, 563 F.Supp.2d 730 (E.D. Arjani, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 649 (RC 1967) :: 1179 Mich. 2008) :: 1975 Arjmand v. DHS, 745 F.3d 1300 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 236 Arzanipour v. INS, 866 F.2d 743 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 481 Arkadia, 1998-INA-107 (Oct. 13, 1998) :: 1688 Arzate-Nunez; U.S. v., 18 F.3d 730 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 458, 508 Armand Bouzaglou, 1999-INA-152 (Aug. 30, 2001) :: 1673 A-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1106 (BIA 1998) :: 973–74, 1835, Armendarez, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 646 (BIA 2008) :: 1757, 1840 1862, 1869, 2107 Asaba v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 643, 721 Armendarez-Mendez, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 646 (BIA 2008) :: Asad v. Reno, 242 F.3d 702 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 373, 554, 1752 1034 Asani v. INS, 154 F.3d 719 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 597, 837, 948, 2010 Armendariz-Montoya v. Sonchik, 291 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2002) :: Asarco, Inc. v. EPA, 616 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 2049 373, 481, 554, 1752, 2122 Asare v. Ferro, 999 F.Supp. 657 (D. Md. 1998) :: 1951 Armenta-Lagunas v. Holder, 724 F.3d 1019 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 340 A-S-B-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 493 (BIA 2008) :: 894, 1035, 1835 Armentero v. INS, 412 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2035 Ascencio-Rodriguez v. Holder, 595 F.3d 105 (2d Cir. 2010) :: Armstrong; U.S. v., 517 U.S. 456 (1996) :: 686 1766, 1770, 2073 Arnott v. USCIS, 290 F.R.D. 579 (C.D. Cal. 2012) :: 1593, 2103 Ascher, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 271 (BIA 1973) :: 1422 2470 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Asemani v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 266 F.Supp.2d 24 (D.D.C. Atem v. Ashcroft, 312 F.Supp.2d 792 (E.D. Va. 2004) :: 574–75, 2003) :: 573 1939, 2319, 2336 Asemota v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1857 Atemnkeng v. Barr, 948 F.3d 231 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 469, 660, 974, Asencio v. INS, 37 F.3d 614 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 1750 979 Asencio-Perdomo; U.S. v., 674 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 327, Athehortua-Vanegas v. INS, 876 F.2d 238 (1st Cir. 1989) :: 1824 368 ATI Consultores, 2007-INA-64 (Feb. 11, 2008) :: 1686 Asentic v. Sessions, 873 F.3d 974 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 175, 178, Atieh v. Riordan, 727 F.3d 73 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 2048, 2124 277, 1790 Atieh v. Riordan, 797 F.3d 135 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1416 Asere v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 378 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2086–87 A-T- Inc., Matter of; Adopted Decision 2017-04 (AAO) (May 23, Asfour v. Napolitano, 732 F.Supp.2d 512 (E.D. Pa. 2010) :: 2097, 2017) :: 1173–74 2333 A-T- Inc., Matter of; ID#397096 (AAO Aug. 2, 2017) :: 1188 Ashbrook-Simon-Hartley v. McLaughlin, 863 F.2d 410 (5th Cir. Atkinson v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 479 F.3d 222 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 2117, 1989) :: 1661, 1669 2120 Ashcroft v. al-Kidd, 563 U.S. 731 (2011) :: 2161–62 Atlantic Cleaners & Dyers, Inc. v. U.S., 286 U.S. 427 (1932) :: Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009) :: 270, 2049, 2123, 2138, 2110, 2113 2149, 2164, 2250 Atlantic Landscape Servs., Inc., 2011-PER-23 (Dec. 27, 2011) :: Ashfaque v. Holder, 639 F.3d 504 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 707 1663, 1678, 1682 Ashki v. INS, 233 F.3d 913 (6th Cir. 2000) :: 478, 1727 Atlas Food Sys. & Servs., Inc., 2013-PER-1166 (May 18, 2017) :: Ashley v. Ridge, 288 F.Supp.2d 662 (D.N.J. 2003) :: 255, 528, 1707 543, 2004, 2008 ATP Agri-Services Inc., 2019-TLC-50 (May 17, 2019) :: 1229 Ashraf v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 1051 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 287, 434 ATP Agri-Services Inc., 2019-TLN-149 (Oct. 2, 2019) :: 1255, Ashraf; U.S. v., 628 F.3d 813 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 440 1257 Ashton v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 95 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 2284 Atsilov v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 112 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1401, 1961 Ashurov; U.S. v., 726 F.3d 395 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 435, 693 Attia v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 Ashwander v. TVA, 297 U.S. 288 (1936) :: 2115 Attipoe v. Barr, 945 F.3d 76 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 1819, 2041, 2060 Asibor; U.S. v., 109 F.3d 1023 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 403, 421 Attul v. INS, 42 F.3d 958 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 372, 579 Asika v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 264 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 1495, 1999, Atunnise v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 830 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 178, 181– 2074 82, 223, 597 A-S-J-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 893 (BIA 2012) :: 1054 Au, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 133 (BIA 1968) :: 520 Askins v. DHS, 899 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1944, 2067 Auer v. Robbins, 519 U.S. 452 (1997) :: 1395, 1483, 1485, 2067, Aslam v. Mukasey, 531 F.Supp.2d 736 (E.D. Va. 2008) :: 1928, 2073 1948, 1966 Auerbach, 1988-INA-103 (1988) :: 1691 Aslam v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 473, 667, 692, Auguste v. Reno, 152 F.3d 1325 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 1114, 1982, 701, 1721, 1724 2126 Aslam; U.S. v., 936 F.2d 751 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 425 Auguste v. Ridge, 395 F.3d 123 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 880, 882–83, Asmai v. Johnson, 182 F.Supp.3d 1086 (E.D. Cal. 2016) :: 1927, 892, 1935, 2073 1948, 1969 Augustin v. Harrison, No. 86-0882-Civ-Marcus (S.D. Fla. Sept. A-S-N-, Matter of; ID# 1800445 (AAO Nov. 16, 2018) :: 1383 29, 1986) :: 2243 Aspire Public Sch., 2003-INA-254 (Sept. 9, 2004) :: 1663 Augustin v. Sava, 735 F.2d 32 (2d Cir. 1984) :: 46, 272, 695 Asplundh Expert Co. v. NLRB, 365 F.3d 168 (3d Cir. 2004) :: Augustin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 520 F.3d 264 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 1745, 2244 2079 Asrat v. Barr, 399 F.Supp.3d 505 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 1500, 1730, Aurelio, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 458 (BIA 1987) :: 174, 185, 232, 2290 1455, 1805 Assaad, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 553 (BIA 2003), appeal dismissed Austin v. INS, 308 F.Supp.2d 125 (E.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 2336–37 for lack of jurisdiction, Assaad v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 471 Austin v. U.S., 509 U.S. 602 (1993) :: 432, 480 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 478, 635, 637, 640, 1401, 1726, 1962 Austria v. Altmann, 541 U.S. 677 (2004) :: 2121, 2160 Assadi; U.S. v., 223 F.Supp.2d 208 (D.D.C. 2002) :: 425 Autobuses Ejecutivos, LLC d/b/a Omnibus Express; U.S. v., 11 Assan, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 218 (BIA 1975) :: 1409 OCAHO no. 1220 (May 29, 2014) :: 2268 ASSE Int'l, Inc. v. Kerry, 182 F.Supp.3d 1059 (C.D. Cal. 2016) :: Automatic Data Processing, Inc., 2012-PER-2661 (Oct. 28, 2016) 2097, 2100 :: 1650 ASSE Int'l, Inc. v. Kerry, 223 F.Supp.3d 996 (C.D. Cal. 2016) :: Autotech Technologies LP; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1340 (Feb. 4, 2173 2020) :: 2211 ASSE Int'l, Inc. v. Kerry, 803 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 470, Au Yi Lau v. INS, 445 F.2d 217 (D.C. Cir. 1971) :: 508 1161, 1925, 2043 A-V-, Matter of; ID# 1949935 (AAO Dec. 27, 2018) :: 1156 Associated Painters, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1151 (2012) :: Avagyan v. Holder, 646 F.3d 672 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 639, 1880–81, 2196 2053, 2057, 2112 Association of Immigr. Attorneys v. INS, 675 F.Supp. 781 Avanti Restaurant & Club, 1993-INA-328 (Sept. 27, 1994) :: 1678 (S.D.N.Y. 1987) :: 2019–20 A. Vasquez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 503 (BIA 2019) :: 331, 344– Assurance Forensic Accounting, LLC, 2012-PER-3212 (Jan. 20, 45, 2107 2017) :: 1647 Avco Consulting, Inc., 2014-PER-1391 (Mar. 8, 2019) :: 1651 Astorga, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 1979) :: 736, 1409 Avelar Gonzalez v. Whitaker, 908 F.3d 820 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 634, Astoria Fed. Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Solimino, 501 U.S. 104 953 (1991) :: 567 Avelar-Oliva v. Barr, 954 F.3d 757 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 985 Astrue v. Ratliff, 560 U.S. 586 (2010) :: 2167 Avena v. INS, 989 F.Supp.1 (D.D.C. 1997) :: 1547, 1846 Astrup v. INS, 402 U.S. 509 (1971) :: 2305 Avena and Other Mexican Nationals, Case Concerning, see Mex- Asylum Co. v. D.C. Dep't of Employment Servs., 10 A.3d 619 ico v. U.S. (D.C. 2010) :: 2251 Avendano v. Holder, 770 F.3d 731 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 125, 129, Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project v. Barr, 409 F.Supp.3d 221 134, 352 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 711, 723, 1896 Avendano-Espejo v. DHS, 448 F.3d 503 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1905, A-T-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 617 (AG 2008) :: 839, 1020 1962 A-T-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 4 (BIA 2009) :: 839, 1020 Avendano-Hernandez v. Lynch, 800 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2015) :: A-T-, Matter of; ID# 16237 (AAO Dec. 21, 2015) :: 1851 873, 884, 886, 1016, 1019, 1041 Atanackovic v. Duke, 399 F.Supp.3d 79 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1103, Avendano-Ramirez v. Ashcroft, 365 F.3d 813 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1155, 1462, 2016, 2031, 2049 248, 275, 1964, 2102 Atandi; U.S. v., 228 F.Supp.2d 1285 (D. Utah 2002) :: 442 Ataya; U.S. v., 884 F.3d 318 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 385 Ateka v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 954 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 185, 2000, 2199 TABLE OF CASES 2471

Avenue Dental Care a/k/a Mahadeep Virk, DDS; Administrator, A-Y-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 791 (BIA 2012) :: 1052, 1061 WHD v., 2006-LCA-29 (June 28, 2007), aff'd, ARB No. 07- Ayoub v. INS, 222 F.3d 214 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1783 101 (Jan. 7, 2010) :: 1176, 1198, 1207, 1210, 1212–13, Ayton v. Holder, 686 F.3d 331 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 44, 2285 1215 Ayuda, Inc. v. Reno, 7 F.3d 246 (D.C. Cir. 1993) :: 2017, 2027 Avenue S Restaurant Corp., d/b/a Domenico Italian Restaurant, Ayyoubi v. Holder, 712 F.3d 387 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 2032 2009-PER-410 (Apr. 16, 2010) :: 1676 Azanor v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1013 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 643, 886, Averianova v. Holder, 592 F.3d 931 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1870, 1873 1050, 1878 Averianova v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 890 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 798, 959 Azarte v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 1278 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2107 Avetisyan, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 688 (BIA 2012) :: 222–23, 697, Azcona-Polanco; U.S. v., 865 F.3d 148 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 398 1490, 1787 Azevedo, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 611 (Comm. 1970) :: 98 Avetova-Elisseva v. INS, 213 F.3d 1192 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 802, A.Z. ex rel. B.Z. v. Higher Educ. Student Assistance Auth., 48 847 A.3d 1101 (N.J. Super. A.D. 2012) :: 1125 Avicom Int'l, 90-INA-284 (July 31, 1991) :: 1665 Azie v. Holder, 602 F.3d 916 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 706, 1002 Avila v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 560 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1990, Aziz v. Alcolac, Inc., 658 F.3d 388 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 2149 2094 Aziz v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 854 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 921 Avila v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 826 F.3d 662 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 738 Azize v. BCIS, 594 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 573–74, 2315 Avila-Anguiano v. Holder, 689 F.3d 566 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 186, Azizi v. Thornburgh, 719 F.Supp. 86 (D. Conn. 1989), aff'd, 908 1788 F.2d 1130 (2d Cir. 1990) :: 571 Avila-Macias v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 108 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 744–45, Azizi v. Thornburgh, 908 F.2d 1130 (2d Cir. 1990) :: 1402 1989–90 Azurin, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 695 (BIA 2005) :: 1474, 1753, Avila-Murrieta v. INS, 762 F.2d 733 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 700, 2066 1787–88 Avila-Ramirez v. Holder, 764 F.3d 717 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 684, Azziz v. Chertoff, 527 F.Supp.2d 188 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 2296 1760 Avila-Ramirez; U.S. v., 170 F.3d 277 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 455 Avila-Sanchez v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1754, B 1757 B-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 47 (BIA, AG 1941) :: 122 Avila-Santoyo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 713 F.3d 1357 (11th Cir. 2013) B-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 617 (BIA 1946) :: 136 (en banc) :: 708, 1880, 1883–84 B-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 867 (BIA 1947) :: 140 Aviles-Cerantes v. Outside Unlimited, Inc., 276 F.Supp.3d 480 (D. Md. 2017) :: 1254 B-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 270 (BIA 1948) :: 142 Avilez v. Barr, No. 19-cv-08296-CRB, 2020 WL 570987 (N.D. Cal B-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 323 (BIA and AG 1948) :: 280 Feb. 5, 2020) :: 513 B-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 551 (BIA 1949) :: 394 Avilez-Granados v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 869 (5th Cir. 2007) :: B-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 185 (BIA 1953) :: 152 1830, 1833 B-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 255 (BIA 1953) :: 579 Avilez-Nava, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 799 (BIA 2005) :: 1767, 1770 B-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 405 (BIA 1953) :: 142 Avnet, Inc. formerly Genilogix, 2012-PER-188 (Aug. 20, 2015) :: B-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 538 (BIA 1953) :: 134 1712 B-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 698 (BIA 1954) :: 1410 Avramenkov v. INS, 99 F.Supp.2d 210 (D. Conn. 2000) :: 647, B-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 98 (BIA 1954) :: 124 1962 B-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 427 (BIA 1991) :: 866, 935 Awad v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 336 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 794, 2000 B-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 66 (BIA 1995) :: 837, 844, 974, 1840 Awad v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 73 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044 B-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 287 (BIA 1996) :: 323, 360 Awad v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 723 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 294, 1763 Ba v. Holder, 561 F.3d 604 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 719 Awad v. Kerry, 257 F.Supp.3d 1016 (N.D. Ill. 2016) :: 2319 Ba v. Mukasey, 539 F.3d 1269 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 841 Awad v. Obama, 608 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 552 Baba v. Holder, 569 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 786, 788, 842, 1016 Awaijane, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 117 (BIA 1972) :: 134, 1729 Babai v. INS, 985 F.2d 252 (6th Cir. 1993) :: 1771, 1782, 1844, Awale v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 527 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 841, 1015 2053 Awe v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 509 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1824 Babaisakov, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 306 (BIA 2007) :: 127, 335, A-W-M-C-, Matter of; ID# 15819 (AAO NSC Feb. 22, 2016) :: 362–63, 682–83, 2075, 2077 1853 Baballah v. Ashcroft, 335 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2003), amended, 367 The Awning Warehouse, 2008-INA-3 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1685, F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 948, 2098 1689, 1694, 1714 Baballah v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 792, 1011, Awolesi v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 227 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 1039, 1843 1021 Awwal, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 617 (BIA 1988) :: 1375 Babani v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 834 Axis, Inc., 2013-PER-2873 (Dec. 18, 2019) :: 1635 Babel v. DHS, 321 F.Supp.2d 963 (N.D. Ill. 2004) :: 2167, 2173 Ay v. Holder, 743 F.3d 317 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 882 Bace v. Ashcroft, 352 F.3d 1133 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 730, 836, 845, Ayala, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 398 (BIA 1998) :: 227 1031, 2088, 2097 Ayala v. Holder, 640 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 819 BAC Florida Bank, 2013-PER-2140 (July 23, 2015) :: 1616 Ayala v. Sessions, 855 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 742, 746, 811, Bachelier v. INS, 548 F.2d 1157 (5th Cir. 1977) :: 1914 829, 1008, 1021, 2087 Bachelier v. INS, 625 F.2d 902 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 1495, 1914 Ayala v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 605 F.3d 941 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 801, Bachkova v. INS, 109 F.3d 376 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 845 819, 1019, 1042, 1050 Bachynskyy v. Holder, 668 F.3d 412 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1738, 1742 Ayala v. USCIS, 216 F.Supp.3d 1073 (E.D. Cal. 2016) :: 2291 Bada Apparels, 1987-INA-712 (BALCA 1988) :: 1701 Ayala-Ayala; U.S. v., 470 F.Supp.2d 281 (W.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 73, Badalamenti, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 623 (BIA 1988) :: 72 406 Badalamenti v. DOS, 899 F.Supp. 542 (D. Kan. 1995) :: 615 Ayala-Gomez; U.S. v., 255 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 284, 398, Badasa v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 909 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 674, 963 458 Bado v. U.S., 186 A.3d 1243 (D.C. 2018) (en banc) :: 376, 387, Ayala-Villanueva v. Holder, 572 F.3d 736 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 573– 462 75 Badwan v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 566 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 588, 2046 Ayalew; U.S. v., 563 F.Supp.2d 409 (N.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 507 Baeta v. Sonchik, 273 F.3d 1261 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 574, 2094, Ayanbadejo v. Chertoff, 517 F.3d 273 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 579, 2336 1456, 1965, 1968, 1975 Baez v. U.S., 715 F.Supp.2d 1165 (D. Or. 2010) :: 1057, 1059, Aybar-Alejo v. INS, 230 F.3d 487 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 294 1969, 2001, 2010 Ayele v. Holder, 564 F.3d 862 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1005 Baez-Fernandez v. INS, 385 F.Supp.2d 292 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: Ayeni v. Holder, 617 F.3d 67 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1778, 1904 1956, 2304 Ayeni; U.S. v., 66 F.Supp.2d 617 (M.D. Pa. 1999) :: 439 Baez-Sanchez v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1033 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 222–23, Ayi v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 876 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 956, 958, 995, 569, 1352, 1356, 1818, 1827, 2068, 2097, 2100 1015 2472 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Baez-Sanchez v. Kolitwenzew, 360 F.Supp.3d 808 (C.D. Ill. Balbuena v. IDR Realty LLC, 845 N.E.2d 1246 (N.Y. 2006) :: 2018) :: 546, 762 2246, 2253 Baez-Sanchez v. Sessions, 872 F.3d 854 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 222– BALCA En Banc Procedure, In re; 2020-MIS-2 (Jan. 24, 2020) :: 23, 1352, 1356, 1811 1713 Bagamasbad; INS v., 429 U.S. 24 (1976) :: 2056 Balde; U.S. v., 943 F.3d 73 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 441 Baggot; U.S. v., 463 U.S. 476 (1983) :: 489 Balderas, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 389 (BIA 1991) :: 288, 1758 Baghdasaryan v. Holder, 592 F.3d 1018 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1030 Baldwin Dairy, Inc. v. U.S., 122 F.Supp.3d 809 (W.D. Wis. 2015) Bagot v. Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 252 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 2037, 2286, :: 1604, 1606 2336 Balintulo v. Ford Motor Co., 796 F.3d 160 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 2145, Bah v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 348 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 780 2149 Bah v. Barr, 409 F.Supp.3d 464 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 260, 517, 546– Baliza v. INS, 709 F.2d 1231 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 662, 675, 677 47, 762 Ballard v. Commissioner, 544 U.S. 40 (2006) :: 2330 Bah v. Barr, 950 F.3d 203 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 291 Ballester-Garcia, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 592 (BIA 1980) :: 876 Bah v. Cangemi, 489 F.Supp.2d 905 (D. Minn. 2007) :: 378, 548, Ballesteros v. Ashcroft, 452 F.3d 1153 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 586, 754–55, 762, 901, 903, 1963 1901, 1964 Bah v. Cangemi, 548 F.3d 680 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 2173 Ballesteros-Ruiz; U.S. v., 319 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 455 Bah v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 637 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 1000 Balliu v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 609 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 836 Bah v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 857 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1992, 2009 Ball State Univ., 2011-PER-1432 (July 31, 2012) :: 1655 Bah v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 839, 842, 1020 Bally Gaming, Inc., 2012-PER-1729 (Sept. 2, 2016) :: 1609 Bahar v. Ashcroft, 264 F.3d 1309 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 302–3 Baloco v. Drummond Co., Inc., 640 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2011) :: Baharon v. Holder, 588 F.3d 228 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 787, 799 2147, 2150 Bahena-Cardenas; U.S. v., 70 F.3d 1071 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 402 Baloco v. Drummond Co., Inc., 767 F.3d 1229 (11th Cir. 2014) :: Bahena-Cardenas; U.S. v., 411 F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 401, 2146 403 Balogun v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 492 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 984–85, 991, Bahramizadeh v. INS, 717 F.2d 1170 (7th Cir. 1983) :: 532 1001 Bahta, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1381 (BIA 2000) :: 328, 330, 558 Balogun v. INS, 9 F.3d 347 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 755, 2123 Bahta v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1043 Balogun v. INS, 31 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 288 Bahwan Cybertek, Inc., 2012-PER-1147 (Feb. 18, 2016) :: 1690 Balogun v. Sessions, 330 F.Supp.3d 1211 (C.D. Cal. 2019) :: Baidas v. Jennings, 123 F.Supp.2d 1052 (E.D. Mich. 1999) :: 1360, 1982 2004 Balogun v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 304 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 477, Bai Haiyan v. Hamden Public Sch., 875 F.Supp.2d 109 (D. Conn. 1493, 1726, 1782 2012) :: 1152, 2130 Balogun v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 425 F.3d 1356 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 395, Baiju v. Fifth Ave. Comm., 2009-LCA-45, ARB No. 10-94 (ARB 1959, 2076 May 31, 2012) :: 1219 Balsillie, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 486 (BIA 1992) :: 1398 Baiju v. Fifth Avenue Comm., 2009-LCA-45 (ARB Apr. 4, 2012) :: Balsys; U.S. v., 524 U.S. 666 (1998) :: 670 1206, 1214, 1216 Baltazar-Alcazar v. INS, 386 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 638, 645 Bailey v. U.S., 516 U.S. 137 (1995) :: 2108 Baltazar-Sebastian; U.S. v., 426 F.Supp.3d 293 (S.D. Miss. 2019) Bailey; U.S. v., 56 F.Supp.2d 381 (S.D.N.Y. 1999) :: 421 :: 540 Bailie, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 679 (BIA 1964) :: 140 Baltti v. Sessions, 862 F.3d 718 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 1046 Baily Int'l of Atlanta, Inc., 2010-PER-468 (Apr. 19, 2011) :: 1679 Baltti v. Sessions, 878 F.3d 240 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 813, 933, 1015, Baires, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 2008) :: 2285 1993, 2000 Baires v. INS, 856 F.2d 89 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 585, 941 Bamaca-Cifuentes v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 870 F.3d 108 (3d Cir. 2017) Baires, 856 F.2d 89 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 586 :: 893, 1856, 1864, 1872, 1877 Bajaj, No. A92-174-CR (D. Alaska Apr. 8; U.S. v., 1993) :: 1441 Bamba v. Elwood, 252 F.Supp.2d 195 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 738 Bajakajian; U.S. v., 524 U.S. 321 (1998) :: 432 Bamba v. Riley, 366 F.3d 195 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 736 Bajrami v. Greene, No. 94-S-1783 (D. Colo. June 2, 1995) :: 261, Bamidele v. INS, 99 F.3d 557 (3d Cir. 1996) :: 1495 272, 695 Bamondi v. INS, No. 88-1410-EBG (CM) (S.D. Cal. Aug. 16, Bak v. INS, 682 F.2d 441 (2d Cir. 1982) :: 1999 1990) :: 2177 Baka v. INS, 963 F.2d 1376 (10th Cir. 1992) :: 1848 Banat v. Holder, 557 F.3d 886 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 470, 662, 674, Bakarian v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 775 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 77, 1744– 961, 968, 996 45, 1748 Banda v. McAleenan, 385 F.Supp.3d 1099 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: Baker, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 50 (BIA 1974) :: 132 253, 260, 517, 546 Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1992) :: 2034 Banda-Ortiz v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 387 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 1471, Baker v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahirya, 773 1719, 1737, 1787, 1866 F.Supp.2d 48 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 2159 Bandari v. INS, 227 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 990, 1011, 1841 Baker & Hostetler LLP v. Dep't of Commerce, 473 F.3d 312 (D.C. Banda-Zamora; U.S. v., 178 F.3d 728 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 398 Cir. 2006) :: 2180 Banegas Gomez v. Barr, 922 F.3d 101 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 321, 555, Bakhtriger v. Elwood, 360 F.3d 414 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1935 577 Bakovic; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 482 (Jan. 15, 1993) :: 2184 Bangura v. Hansen, 434 F.3d 487 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 44, 474, Bakran v. Johnson, 894 F.3d 557 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 1329, 2121 1418–19, 1453, 1926, 2002, 2005, 2008 Bakuaya v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1009 Bank of America, 2012-PER-2227 (Sept. 13, 2016) :: 1631 Bal v. Sessions, 292 F.Supp.3d 604 (E.D. Pa. 2017) :: 1919 The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., 2013-PER-1450 (Jan. Balachandran v. Holder, 566 F.3d 269 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 848 31, 2019) :: 1695, 1697 Balachova v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 374 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 780, 960– Banks v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 449 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 666, 836, 842, 61, 977 847, 948, 967, 970, 1049, 2046 Balam-Chuc v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 1044 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 476, Bano v. Pompeo, 377 F.Supp.3d 464 (E.D. Pa. 2019) :: 2014 631, 635, 1480, 1727 Bansci v. Nielsen, 321 F.Supp.3d 729 (W.D Tex. 2018) :: 858, Balao, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 440 (BIA 1992) :: 140, 275, 279, 1934, 1937 1791 Bansci v. Nielsen, 321 F.Supp.3d 729 (W.D Tx. 2018) :: 1896 Balasubramanrim v. INS, 143 F.3d 157 (3d Cir. 1998) :: 685, 984, Banturino v. Holder, 576 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 1040 Banuelos v. Barr, 953 F.3d 1176 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 411–12, 555, Balaton, Inc. v. Reno, 93 F.Supp.2d 61 (D.D.C. 2000) :: 1296, 577, 583, 722, 747, 1746 1850, 2050 Banuelos-Ayon v. Holder, 611 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 323 Balazoski v. INS, 932 F.2d 638 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1844 Bao v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 426 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 674, 993 Balbin-Mesa; U.S. v., 643 F.3d 783 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 452 Baoanan v. Baja, 627 F.Supp.2d 155 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2165 Bao Tai Nian v. Holder, 683 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1114 Baptist; U.S. v., 759 F.3d 690 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 418 TABLE OF CASES 2473

Baptiste v. Bureau of Prisons, 554 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2008) :: Barr v. East Bay Sanctuary Covenant, 588 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 3 620 (2019) :: 856, 1954 Baptiste v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 841 F.3d 601 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 129, Barradas v. Holder, 582 F.3d 754 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 273, 663–64, 132, 2124 670, 672, 680–81 Baptiste; U.S. v., 876 F.3d 1057 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 456 Barragan-Lopez v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 899 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 144, Baquera v. Longshore, 948 F.Supp.2d 1258 (D. Colo. 2013) :: 389 2004, 2009 Barragan-Ojeda v. Sessions, 853 F.3d 374 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 934, Barahona v. Holder, 691 F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 198, 200, 1997 1437, 1845, 1904, 2074 Barragan-Sierra; State v., 196 P.3d 879 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2008) :: 50 Barahona-Gomez v. Ashcroft, 243 F.Supp.2d 1029 (N.D. Cal. Barraza-Leon; U.S. v., 575 F.2d 218 (9th Cir. 1978) :: 476 2002) :: 1784 Barraza-Rivera v. INS, 913 F.2d 1443 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 797 Barahona-Gomez v. Reno, 167 F.3d 1228 (9th Cir. 199), supple- Barreiro v. INS, 989 F.2d 62 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 1750 mented, 236 F.3d 1115 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 2105 Barrera, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 837 (BIA 1989) :: 846 Barahona-Gomez v. Reno, 236 F.3d 1115 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1916, Barrera-Echavarria v. Rison, 44 F.3d 1441 (9th Cir. 1995) (en 1955, 1979, 2104 banc) :: 259 Barajas-Alvarado; U.S. v., 655 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 248, Barrera-Lima v. Sessions, 901 F.3d 1108 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 137, 252, 401, 410, 423, 1907, 1947, 1984, 2102 2080, 2084 Barajas-Chavez; U.S. v., 162 F.3d 1285 (10th Cir. 1999) (en Barrera-Omana; U.S. v., 638 F.Supp.2d 1108 (D. Minn. 2009) :: banc) :: 427 541 Barajas-Montiel; U.S. v., 185 F.3d 947 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 426, 437 Barrera-Quintero v. Holder, 699 F.3d 1239 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 667, Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 248, 1766, 1779, 2079 829, 886, 892, 1030 Barreto-Claro v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 275 F.3d 1334 (11th Cir. 2001) :: Barajas-Salinas v. Holder, 760 F.3d 905 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1869, 791, 793, 797, 918, 920–21, 930, 987 1957 Barrett, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 171 (BIA 1990) :: 311, 344 Barakat v. Holder, 621 F.3d 398 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 379, 689 Barrientos, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 100 (BIA 2007) :: 903, 2106 Baraket v. Holder, 632 F.3d 56 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 1747 Barrientos v. Corecivic, Inc., 951 F.3d 1269 (11th Cir. 2020) :: Barapind v. Government of Republic of India, 844 F.3d 824 (9th 263, 2152 Cir. 2016) :: 881, 2154 Barrientos v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 1064 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1820, 2087 Barapind v. Reno, 225 F.3d 1100 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 907, 1946, Barrios v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 399 F.3d 272 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 1720, 1979 1787 Barbecho v. Decker, No. 20-cv-2821, 2020 WL 2513468 Barrios-Cantarero v. Holder, 772 F.3d 1019 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 704 (S.D.N.Y. May 15, 2020) :: 88 Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 674 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1997 Barber v. Gonzalez, 347 U.S. 637 (1954) :: 693, 2111 Barron-Cabrera; U.S. v., 119 F.3d 1454 (10th Cir. 1997) :: 502 Barbosa v. Barr, 926 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 136, 826 Barros Anguisaca v. Decker, 393 F.3d 344 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: Barbosa; U.S. v., 368 F.Supp.3d 172 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 419 1910 U.S. ex rel. Barbour v. District Dir., INS, 491 F.2d 573 (5th Cir. Barroso v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 1195 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1736, 2106 1974) :: 516, 942 Barry v. Barr, 916 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 891 Barca v. Holmes, 73 F.Supp.2d 484 (M.D. Pa. 1999) :: 1913, Barry v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 741 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 642, 1021 1983 Barry v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 410 F.Supp.3d 161 (D.D.C. Barcenas, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 609 (BIA 1988) :: 486, 676–77 2019) :: 2159 Barcenas-Barrera, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 40 (BIA 2009) :: 183, Barry v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 721 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1883 1472 Barry; U.S. v., 500 F.Supp.2d 125 (N.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 435 Barco-Sandoval v. Gonzales, 516 F.3d 35 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1778, Barsai, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 13 (RC 1981) :: 1293 1905, 1971 Barsoum v. Holder, 617 F.3d 73 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 789, 1831, 1876 Barhoumi v. Obama, 609 F.3d 416 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 552 Bart, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 436 (BIA 1992) :: 124, 140 Baria v. Reno, 94 F.3d 1335 (9th Cir. 1996), aff'd on other Bart; U.S. v., 888 F.3d 374 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 435, 443 grounds, 180 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 663, 700, 1495, Barthelemy v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 1062 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 2288 1915, 2065, 2123 Bartko v. DOJ, 62 F.Supp.3d 134 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 618 Baria v. Reno, 180 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 1885, 1979 Bartle; U.S. v., 835 F.2d 646 (6th Cir. 1989) :: 434 Barikyan v. Barr, 917 F.3d 142 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 315 Bartolini v. Ashcroft, 226 F.Supp.2d 350 (D. Conn. 2002) :: 1915, Barillas-Mendez v. Lynch, 790 F.3d 787 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 789 1929 Bark v. INS, 511 F.2d 1200 (9th Cir. 1975) :: 1413 Bartolo-Diego v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1024 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1047 Barker v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 313 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 1720, 1999 Bartolome v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 803 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 695, 742 Barker v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 792 F.3d 359 (3d Cir. 2015) :: 705 Barton v. Ashcroft, 152 F.Supp.2d 235 (D. Conn. 2001) :: 1942 Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972) :: 432 Barton v. Barr, 590 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 1442 (2020) :: 576, 1723, Bar-Levy v. INS, 990 F.2d 33 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 444, 2035 1747, 2108, 2112–13 Barlow v. Collins, 397 U.S. 159 (1970) :: 1991 Barton v. Sentner, 353 U.S. 963 (1957) :: 518 Barma v. Holder, 640 F.3d 749 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 147, 1764 Barton v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 904 F.3d 1294 (11th Cir. 2018), cert. Bar MK Ranches v. Yuetter, 994 F.2d 735 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 2047 granted, 133 S.Ct. 1615 (Apr. 22, 2019) :: 2070 Barmo v. Reno, 899 F.Supp. 1375 (E.D. Pa. 1995) :: 1419, 2028 Bartoszewska-Zajac v. INS, 237 F.3d 710 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 40, Barnaby v. Reno, 127 F.Supp.2d 322 (D. Conn. 2001) :: 1942 482 Barnaby v. Reno, 142 F.Supp.2d 277 (D. Conn. 2001) :: 340 B-A-S-, Matter of, see Singh v. INS, 213 F.3d 1050 Barnaby-King v. DHS, 485 F.3d 684 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1971 Basank v. Decker, 2020 WL 1481503 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2020) :: Barnes v. Holder, 625 F.3d 801 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 2302 88 Barnes; U.S. v., 244 F.3d 331 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 402 Basch v. Ground Round, Inc., 139 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 1998) :: 2105 Barnett; U.S. v., 935 F.2d 178 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 503 Basova v. Ashcroft, 373 F.Supp.2d 192 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1436, Barnett Taylor, LLC, d/b/a Burger King; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1977, 2003 1155 (Aug. 20, 2012) :: 2212, 2215, 2221 Basova v. Ashcroft, 383 F.Supp.2d 390 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1436, Barney v. Rogers, 83 F.3d 318 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1493 2029 Barnhart v. Thomas, 540 U.S. 20 (2003) :: 2109 Bass; U.S. v., 404 U.S. 336 (1971) :: 2109 Barnhart v. Walton, 535 U.S. 212 (2002) :: 2079 Bassene v. Holder, 737 F.3d 530 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 983, 986 Barocio, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 255 (BIA 1985) :: 1888 Bassey v. INS, No. C 01-4035 SI, 2002 WL 31298854 (N.D. Cal. Baron-Cabrera; U.S. v., 119 F.3d 1454 (10th Cir. 1997) :: 491 Oct. 10, 2002) :: 1500 Barone v. Superior Washer & Gasket Corp., 10 OCAHO no. 1176 Bassiouni v. CIA, 392 F.3d 244 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 612, 617 (Apr. 19, 2013) :: 2272 Bastanipour v. INS, 980 F.2d 1129 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 1012, 1759, Baron-Medina; U.S. v., 187 F.3d 1144 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 303 1843, 2051 2474 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Bastardo-Vale v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 934 F.3d 255 (3d Cir. 2019) (en Bebri v. Mukasey, 545 F.3d 47 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 998 banc) :: 871, 1817 Becerra-Cobo; U.S. v., 790 F.2d 427 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 541 Baston; U.S. v., 818 F.3d 651 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 2152 Becerra-Jimenez v. INS, 829 F.2d 996 (10th Cir. 1987) :: 2101 Batalla Vida v. Duke, 295 F.Supp.3d 127 (E.D.N.Y 2017) :: 1796 Becerril-Lopez; U.S. v., 541 F.3d 881 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 326, 418, Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen, 279 F.Supp.3d 401 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 454 1796 Bechara; U.S. v., 935 F.Supp. 892 (S.D. Tex. 1996) :: 750 Batalla Vidal v. Nielsen, 291 F.Supp.3d 260 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: Beck v. Mukasey, 527 F.3d 737 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 793, 1047 1796, 1923, 1931 Beck AG Operations Inc., 2008-PER-5 (Dec. 18, 2007) :: 1632 Batalova v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1246 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 1814 Becker v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 1000 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1745, 1750 Batamula; U.S. v., 823 F.3d 237 (5th Cir. 2016) (en banc) :: 385 Beckford, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1216 (BIA 2000) :: 1868 Batanic v. INS, 12 F.3d 662 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 630, 867, 1792, Beckford v. Lynch, 168 F.Supp.3d 533 (W.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 754 2084 Bedi; Administrator, WHD, & Ingvarsdottir v., 2012-LCA-57, ARB Batchelder; U.S. v., 442 U.S. 114 (1979) :: 1802 No. 14-96 (ARB Feb. 29, 2016) :: 1199, 1201, 1216 Bates; U.S. v., 960 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 321 Bedolla Avila v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 826 F.3d 662 (3d Cir. 2016) :: Bathazi v. DHS, 667 F.Supp.2d 1375 (S.D. Fla. 2009) :: 659, 308, 312 1456 Bedolla-Zarate v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 1137 (10th Cir. 2018) :: 303 Bath Diner Corp. d/b/a Turn in Restaurant, 201-PER-913 (May 9, Bedoya-Melendez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 680 F.3d 1321 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 1643, 1652 2012) :: 1904 Bathula v. Holder, 723 F.3d 889 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 635, 790, 833 Bedoya-Valencia v. INS, 6 F.3d 891 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 481 Batista v. Ashcroft, 270 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 574–76, 746, Beekhan v. Holder, 634 F.3d 723 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 741 1989, 2050, 2286 Beer v. INS, 68 F.3d 216 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 941 Batista-Hernandez, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 955 (BIA 1997) :: 292, Beer v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 789 F.Supp.2d 14 (D.D.C. 2011) 339, 345, 390 :: 2156 Batrez Gradiz v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1206 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 375 Begna v. Ashcroft, 392 F.3d 301 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1003 Batten, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 271 (BIA 1965) :: 138 Begzatowski v. INS, 278 F.3d 665 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 787, 1049, Battista, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 484 (BIA 1987) :: 1475 2064 Batubara v. Holder, 733 F.3d 1040 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 1830, 1910, Beharry v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 51 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 1943, 1998, 2085 2009 Batyrbekov v. Barclays Capital, 2011-LCA-25, ARB No. 13-013 Beharry v. Reno, 183 F.Supp.2d 584 (E.D.N.Y. 2002), rev'd on ju- (ARB July 16, 2014) :: 1171, 1190, 1201, 1215, 1219 risdictional grounds, 329 F.3d 51 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 483, 579, Bauge v. INS, 7 F.3d 1540 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 673 2116 Baum; U.S. v., 380 F.Supp.2d 187 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 438 Bejar v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 127 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 710, 721, 2002 Baumel v. Syrian Arab Republic, 667 F.Supp.2d 39 (D.D.C. 2009) Bejarano-Urrutia v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 444 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 319, :: 2159 326 Bautista, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 616 (BIA 2011), rev'd, Bautista v. Bejet-Viali Al-Jojo v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 823 (8th Cir. 2005) :: U.S. Att'y Gen., 744 F.3d 54 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 316, 332, 344 748 Bautista Gomez, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 893 (BIA 2006) :: 1746, Bejjani v. INS, 271 F.3d 670 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 547, 746, 754, 1761 2071, 2083, 2090 Bautista Hernandez v. Tadala's Nursery, Inc., 35 F.Supp.3d 1229 Bejko v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 482 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 598, 789 (S.D. Fla. 2014) :: 2248 Belay-Gebru v. INS, 327 F.3d 998 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 1869, 2042 Bautista-Perez v. Holder, 745 F.Supp.2d 948 (N.D. Cal. 2010) :: Belbachir v. County of McHenry, 726 F.3d 975 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 902 265, 2130 Bautista-Silva; U.S. v., 567 F.3d 1266 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 495 Belegradek v. Gonzales, 523 F.Supp.2d 1364 (N.D. Ga. 2007) :: Bavo-Muzquiz; U.S. v., 412 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 442 1928, 1947, 1977 Bayala v. DHS., 72 F.Supp.3d 260 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 606 Belenzo, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 374 (AG 1981) :: 1495 Bayala v. DHS, 264 F.Supp.3d 165 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 611 Belevin-Ramales; U.S. v., 458 F.Supp.2d 409 (E.D. Ky. 2006) :: Bay Area Legal Servs., Inc., Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 837 (Dir. 428 2020) :: 654–55 Belfast; U.S. v., 611 F.3d 783 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 879 Bay Area Legal Servs., Inc., Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 16 (BIA 2020) Belishta v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 1078 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 845 :: 654 Belkin v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 667 F.Supp.2d 8 (D.D.C. 2009) Bay Area Women's Resource Ctr., 1988-INA-379 (1989) :: 1699 :: 2159 Bayo v. Napolitano, 593 F.3d 495 (7th Cir. 2010) (en banc) :: 45, Bell v. Chandler, 569 F.2d 556 (10th Cir. 1978) :: 726 469, 1113–14, 1473, 2109 Bell v. Clackamas County, 341 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 2273 Bayou Law & Landscape Servs. v. Johnson, 173 F.Supp.3d 1271 Bell v. INS, 292 F.Supp.2d 370 (D. Conn. 2003) :: 537, 1938, (N.D. Fla. 2016) :: 1250 1950 Bayou Lawn & Landscape v. Perez, 81 F.Supp.3d 1291 (N.D. Bell v. Reno, 218 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 371–72 Fla. 2014) :: 1249 Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520 (1979) :: 264 Bayou Lawn & Landscape Servs. v. Solis, 2012 WL 12887385 Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) :: 270, 2049, (N.D. Fla. Apr. 26, 2012), aff'd, 713 F.3d 1080 (11th Cir. 2123, 2149, 2250 2013), vacated on other grounds as moot, 621 F.App'x 620 Bell Commc'ns Research, Inc., 1988-INA-26 (1988) :: 1669 (2015) :: 1249, 1927, 2020 Belleri v. U.S., 712 F.3d 543 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 574 Bayro v. Reno, 142 F.3d 1377 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 1824 Bellido v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 840 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 947, 967, 996, Bazan-Reyes v. INS, 256 F.3d 600 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 319, 325, 1009, 1013, 1041 736 Bello-Bahena; U.S. v., 411 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 403 Bazargan; U.S. v., 992 F.2d 844 (8th Cir. 1993) :: 442, 1131 Bellout v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 975 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 852 Baz-Bautista; U.S. v., 360 F.Supp.3d 586 (W.D. Tex. 2019) :: 412 Belortaja v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 619 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2100 Bazua-Cota v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 747 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1975 Beltagui v. Nebraska Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 2018-LCA- Bazzi v. Holder, 746 F.3d 640 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 176, 1415 4 (Nov. 16, 2018) :: 1199, 1215, 1217 B-B-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 309 (BIA 1998) :: 635 Beltran, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 521 (BIA 1992) :: 293, 389 Bbale v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 63 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1885 Beltran v. Aupaircare, Inc., 907 F.3d 1240 (10th Cir. 2018) :: 1152 B&B Residential Facility, 2001-INA-146 (July 16, 2002) :: 1667 Beltran v. Aupaircare, Inc., No. 1:14-cv-03074-CMA-KMT (D. B-C-, Inc., Matter of; ID# 1139516 (AAO Jan. 25, 2018) :: 1203 Colo. Jan. 9, 2019) :: 1152 Bead v. Holder, 703 F.3d 591 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1882 Beltran v. Cardall, 222 F.Supp.3d 476 (E.D. Va. 2016) :: 469, 522 Bear Stearns & Co., Inc., 1991-INA-248 (Apr. 13, 1992) :: 1665 Beltran v. INS, 332 F.3d 407 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 582, 714 Beato, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 730 (BIA 1964) :: 132, 137 Beltran-Aguilar v. Whitaker, 912 F.3d 420 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 321 Beau Talbot III dba Underbrush, 2012-PER-1014 (Dec. 31, 2015) Beltrand-Alas v. Holder, 689 F.3d 90 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 810, 814 :: 1681 TABLE OF CASES 2475

Beltranena v. Clinton, 770 F.Supp.2d 175 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 609– Bermudez-Cota, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 441 (BIA 2018) :: 555, 10 577 Beltranena v. DOS, 821 F.Supp.2d 167 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 614, Bernal v. Fainter, 467 U.S. 216 (1984) :: 54 1085, 2180 Bernal v. INS, 154 F.3d 1020 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1730 Beltran-Leon v. INS, 134 F.3d 1379 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 396 Bernal-Gallegos; U.S. v., 726 F.2d 187 (5th Cir. 1984) :: 402 Beltran Prado v. Nielsen, 379 F.Supp.3d 1161 (W.D. Wash. Bernal-Garcia v. INS, 852 F.2d 144 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 2099, 2169 2019) :: 765 Bernal-Rendon v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 877 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 862, Beltran-Resendez v. INS, 207 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1730, 1006 2199 Bernal-Vallejo v. INS, 195 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 644, 1967, Beltran-Tirado v. INS, 213 F.3d 1179 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 124, 142– 1999 43, 667, 700, 1969 Bernard v. Calejo, 17 F.Supp.2d 1311 (S.D. Fla. 1998) :: 2133 Beltran-Zavala v. INS, 912 F.2d 1027 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 874 Bernard v. Sessions, 881 F.3d 1042 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 878, 891, Beltre v. Kiley, 470 F.Supp. 87 (S.D.N.Y. 1979) :: 2009 1045 Beltre-Veloz v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 7 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 643 Bernardo ex rel. M & K Eng'g, Inc. v. Johnson, 814 F.3d 481 (1st Bemba v. Holder, 930 F.Supp.2d 1022 (E.D. Mo. 2013) :: 202, Cir. 2016) :: 1455, 1961, 2065 1929 Berri v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 390 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 590, 1045 Benaouicha v. Holder, 600 F.3d 795 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1767–68 Berrio-Barrera v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 163 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1999, Bencor Corp. of America Found. Specialists, 2012-PER-192 (Apr. 2037 21, 2014) :: 1668 Berrios-Centeno; U.S. v., 250 F.3d 294 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 406 Bencosme De Rodriguez v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 163 (1st Cir. Berroteran-Melendez v. INS, 955 F.2d 1251 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 41 2005) :: 1971, 1997 Berrum-Garcia v. Comfort, 390 F.3d 1158 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 168 Bender Ent Inc., 2009-PER-274 (July 13, 2009) :: 1613 Berry v. Leslie, 767 F.3d 1144 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 2129, 2208 Bendig v. Conoco, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1065 (Mar. 8, 2001) :: Berte v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 791, 1036, 1833 2272, 2274 Bertek, Inc., 2012-PER-2966, -2986 (Dec. 14, 2016) :: 1706 Bendig v. Conoco, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1077 (Dec. 18, 2001) :: Bertrand v. Sava, 684 F.2d 204 (2d Cir. 1982) :: 44, 259 2272 Beshir v. Holder, 10 F.Supp.3d 165 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 202, 1921, Bendoya-Melendez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 680 F.3d 1321 (11th Cir. 1929, 1949 2012) :: 1768, 1972 Beshir v. Holder, 840 F.Supp.2d 379 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 1920, 1953, Benitez, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 173 (BIA 1984) :: 486, 626, 670, 2019 690 Beshir v. Holder, 923 F.Supp.2d 108 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2050 Benitez v. Dedvukaj, 656 F.Supp.2d 725 (E.D. Mich. 2009) :: 765, Beshli v. DHS, 272 F.Supp.2d 514 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 334, 579, 1113, 1980, 1982 1944 Benitez-De Los Santos; U.S. v., 650 F.3d 1157 (8th Cir. 2011) :: Beskovic v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 223 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 786, 795, 363, 449, 682 800 Benitez Ramos v. Holder, 589 F.3d 426 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 813, Beslic v. INS, 265 F.3d 568 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 190, 2125 816, 819, 821 Bestkey Solutions, Inc., 2014-PER-1248 (Apr. 6, 2018) :: 1659, Benitez-Villafuerte; U.S. v., 186 F.3d 651 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 401, 1685 738 Best Mfg., Inc., 2007-PER-80 (BALCA Dec. 19, 2007) :: 1614 Benjamin v. Bureau of Customs, 383 F.Supp.2d 344 (D. Conn. Best Western (Sutter House), 2003-INA-123 (June 8, 2004) :: 2005) :: 322 1667 Benjamin v. Bureau of Customs, 401 F.Supp.2d 184 (D. Conn. Betansos v. Barr, 928 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 136, 1817, 2005) :: 2336 2069, 2119 Benjamin v. DOS, 178 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 613 Beth & David Dassa, 2003-INA-251 (Sept. 8, 2004) :: 1702 Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154 (1997) :: 1918, 1920 Betouche v. Ashcroft, 357 F.3d 147 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 643, 1877 Bennett v. Total Minatome Corp., 138 F.3d 1053 (5th Cir. 1998) :: Betranena v. Clinton, 770 F.Supp.2d 175 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 614 1309 Bett, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 437 (BIA 2014) :: 181, 184, 679, Ben Pumo, 2009-PER-40 (Oct. 29, 2009) :: 1613, 1620 2199 Bensayah v. Obama, 610 F.3d 718 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 552–53 Better IT Hostings, LLC, 2012-PER-44 (May 14, 2014) :: 1711 Benslimane v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 828 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 565, Bettina Equities Co., 2010-PER-151 (Mar. 4, 2011) :: 1647, 1649 588, 590–91, 593–94, 1470, 1826, 1867, 1968, 1977 Beximco USA, Ltd., 1990-INA-302 (Apr. 15, 1992) :: 1686 Bent v. Barr, No. 19-CV-06123-DMR, 2020 WL 1812850 (N.D. Beyond Mgmt., Inc. v. Holder, 778 F.Supp.2d 1375 (N.D. Ga. Cal. Apr. 9, 2020) :: 88 2011) :: 1311–12, 1966 Benyamin v. Holder, 579 F.3d 970 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 483, 844, Bezmen v. Ashcroft, 245 F.Supp.2d 446 (D. Conn. 2003) :: 255, 938, 1020, 2080 528, 543 Berberena v. Coler, 753 F.2d 629 (7th Cir. 1985) :: 2178 B-G-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 182 (BIA 1958) :: 172 Berber-Tinoco; U.S. v., 510 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 495 B.H. v. USCIS, No. Cv 11-2108-RAJ (W.D. Wash. Sept. 20, Berdejo v. Exclusive Builders, Inc., 865 F.Supp.2d 617 (M.D. Pa. 2013) :: 930 2011) :: 2253 Bhandari v. First Bank of Commerce, 829 F.2d 1343 (5th Cir. Berenguela-Alvarado v. Castanos, 950 F.3d 1352 (11th Cir. 1987) (en banc), reinstated after remand, 887 F.2d 609 (5th 2020) :: 189 Cir. 1989) (en banc) :: 2131 Berenyi v. District Dir., INS, 385 U.S. 630 (1967) :: 2290, 2330 Bhanot v. Chertoff, 474 F.3d 71 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 717 Berezowsky v. Ojeda, 765 F.3d 456 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 188 Bhargava v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 611 F.3d 168 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1054 Berger v. U.S., 255 U.S. 22 (1921) :: 726 Bhargava Kunapareddi, 2015-PER-238, 239 (Mar. 29, 2017) :: Bergerabam Inc., 2016-PER-731 (Jan. 19, 2017) :: 1635 1617, 1655 Bergi, Ajit, 2016-PER-617-20, 22-23 (Sept. 11, 2019) :: 1630 Bhasin v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 819, 1006, Bergman v. U.S., 844 F.2d 353 (6th Cir. 1988) :: 2179 1859, 1861, 1886, 1888–89, 2058 Berhane v. Holder, 606 F.3d 819 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 876, 1965 Bhatt v. BIA, 328 F.3d 912 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1950 Berhe v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 74 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 366, 1036, Bhatt v. Reno, 204 F.3d 744 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 1982 1048, 1050, 1821, 1898 Bhattarai v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 952, 996 Berishaj v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 314 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 841–42, 955, Bhattarai v. Nielsen, No. 19-cv-00731 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 12, 2019) :: 969, 994, 1037, 1827, 2046, 2049 905, 907 Berishev v. Chertoff, 486 F.Supp.2d 202 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 2168, B/H Drywall & Stucco Co., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2018- 2172 TNE-5 (Nov. 29, 2017) :: 1264 Berkowitz v. U.S., 486 U.S. 531 (1988) :: 2134 Bhiski v. Ashcroft, 373 F.3d 363 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 646, 1720, Bermudez v. Holder, 586 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2009) (per curiam) :: 1822, 1825, 1866, 1996 145, 147 Bhosale v. Mukasey, 549 F.3d 732 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 982, 1047 Bermudez-Ariza v. Sessions, 893 F.3d 685 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1834 2476 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Bhujel v. Wolf, No. 18-12644-LTS, 2020 WL 1235188 (D. Mass. Blaize; U.S. v., 959 F.2d 850 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 1828 Mar. 13, 2020) :: 899 Blake v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 152 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 319, 321, 343 Bian v. Clinton, 605 F.3d 249 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 1929, 1949, 1962, Blake v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 945 F.3d 1175 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 1037, 1974 1873, 1878, 2089 Biancada v. Turnage, 883 F.2d 836 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 764 Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004) :: 445 Bianka M v. Superior Court of Los Angeles Cnty., 423 P.3d 334 Blancada v. Turnage, 891 F.2d 688 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 2041 (Cal. 2018) :: 1554 Blancas-Lara, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 458 (BIA 2002) :: 1744 Biao Yang v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 268 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 920 Blanco v. Holder, 572 F.3d 780 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1484 Bibiano v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 2093 Blanco v. Holder, 624 F.3d 265 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 297, 361, 628 Bibicheff v. Holder, 55 F.Supp.3d 254 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 236 Blanco v. INS, 68 F.3d 642 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 1772 Biblro v. Haley, 229 F.Supp.3d 397 (D.S.C. 2017) :: 48 Blanco v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 714 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 143 Bienvenido de la Rosa Basilio; U.S. v., 682 F.Supp. 13 (D.P.R. Blanco Ayala v. U.S., 386 F.Supp.3d 635 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 2135 1988) :: 427 Blanco-Comarribas v. INS, 830 F.2d 1039 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1050 Bieregu v. Ashcroft, 259 F.Supp.2d 342 (D.N.J. 2003) :: 736, Blanco De Belbruno v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 272 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 2161 1813 Bi Feng Liu v. Holder, 560 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1877 Blandino-Medina v. Holder, 712 F.3d 1338 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 871– Big Apple Compactor Co., Inc., 2008-INA-9 (Mar. 3, 2008) :: 1698 72, 2033, 2038, 2092 Big Apple Educ. Ctr., 2007-PER-26 (May 16, 2007) :: 1627 Blas, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 626 (BIA 1976) :: 1475 Big Bear Market; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO nos. 48 & 49 (Apr. 12, 1989), Blas; U.S. v., 2013 WL 5317228 (S.D. Ala. Sept. 20, 2013) :: 540 aff'd, Big Bear Super Market No. 3 v. INS, 913 F.2d 754 Blenkhorn, 1991-INA-61 (May 21, 1992) :: 1678 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 2190, 2209, 2216, 2231, 2238 Blessing v. Freestone, 520 U.S. 329 (1997) :: 2130 Bigby v. INS, 21 F.3d 1059 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 670–71, 700 Bliss Smulian, 2003-INA-171 (June 16, 2004) :: 1702 Biggs v. INS, 55 F.3d 1398 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 76, 1772 Bloomberg, L.P., 1994-INA-619 (July 30, 1996) :: 1698 Bigler v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 451 F.3d 728 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 690, Blue Digital Resource, Inc., 2008-PER-224 (Apr. 13, 2009) :: 694, 1503, 2063 1632 Bijan v. USCIS, 900 F.3d 942 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1729, 2295 Blue Wolf Grp., LLC, 2012-PER-3123 (June 16, 2016) :: 1637– Bilali v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 470 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 569, 1400 38, 1641, 1688 Bilbro v. Haley, 229 F.Supp.3d 397 (D.S.C. 2017) :: 2018 Bluman v. FEC, 800 F.Supp.2d 281 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 42 Bilinguals Inc., d/b/a Achieve Beyond, Matter of; 2015-PWD-1 Blumenfeld v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 762 F.Supp. 24 (D. Conn. 1991) :: (Aug. 3, 2015) :: 1204 1243 Bilinguals Inc., d/b/a Achieve Beyond, 2015-PWD-1 (Aug. 3, B-M-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 806 (BIA 1955) :: 141, 143 2015) :: 1681 BMC West LLC, 2018-TLN-94 (July 5, 2018) :: 1243–44, 1246 Billeke-Tolosa v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 708 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 684, BMC West LLC, 2018-TLN-100 (July 17, 2018) :: 1246, 1260 1472, 1475, 1977 B&M Used Cars; U.S. v., 860 F.2d 121 (4th Cir. 1988) :: 433, U.S. ex rel. Bilokumsky v. Tod, 263 U.S. 149 (1923) :: 566, 670, 2173 1935 Boadi v. Holder, 706 F.3d 854 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 576, 691, 1395– Bimini Superfast Operations LLC v. Winkowski, 994 F.Supp.2d 96, 1963 106 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 1338, 1919, 1923 Boakye v. Hansen, 554 F.Supp.2d 784 (S.D. Ohio 2008) :: 2331 Bing Quan Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 881 F.3d 860 (11th Cir. 2018) :: Boansi v. Johnson, 118 F.Supp.3d 875 (E.D.N.C. 2015) :: 1410, 1844, 1858, 1993 1418 Bingxu Jin v. Holder, 748 F.3d 959 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 1003 Board of Educ. of Prince George's Cnty.; Administrator, WHD v., Bin Jing Chen v. Holder, 776 F.3d 597 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1013, 2011-LCA-26 (Sept. 20, 2011) :: 1218, 1793 1015 Board of Educ. of Prince George's Cnty.; Administrator, WHD v., Binrashed v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1005, 2011-LCA-27 to -30 (Oct. 5, 2011) :: 1212 1041 Board of Trustees of Indiana Univ.; Administrator, WHD v., 2005- Bio Care Home Health Servs., Inc., 2010-PER-998 (Dec. 21, LCA-106 (ARB Aug. 31, 2005) :: 1218 2010) :: 1704 Boatswain v. Ashcroft, 414 F.3d 413 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 2311 Bi Qing Zheng v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 287 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 1000, Bobadilla v. Holder, 679 F.3d 1052 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 143 1012 Bobb v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 458 F.3d 213 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 336, 338 Birdsong v. Holder, 641 F.3d 957 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1331, 1481 Bobby McGee's, 1991-INA-39 (Apr. 15, 1992) :: 1700 Bisaillon v. Hogan, 257 F.2d 435 (9th Cir. 1958) :: 141 Boci v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 762 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 728, 1046 Bishop v. Reno, 210 F.3d 1295 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 462 Bocova v. Gonzales, 412 F.3d 257 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 789, 1740– Biskupski v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 503 F.3d 274 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 337, 41 344, 371 Boctor v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 488 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 832 Bistany's Oriental Rug Dealers, Inc., 2007-INA-9 (Dec. 10, 2007) Bodeux v. INS, 668 F.Supp. 1452 (D. Kan. 1987) :: 2041 :: 1700 Bodin v. Vagshenian, 462 F.3d 481 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 2134 Bitsin v. Holder, 719 F.3d 619 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 802, 1046, 1985 Bodoff v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 907 F.Supp.2c 93 (D.D.C. Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Fed. Bureau of Nar- 2012) :: 2156 cotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971) :: 2137 Bodre; U.S. v., 948 F.2d 28 (1st Cir. 1992) :: 391 Biwot v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 588, 595, Boer-Sedano v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 819, 631, 645, 1821, 2011 840, 1014, 1018, 1020 B-J-N-, Matter of; ID# 114134 (AAO Dec. 16, 2016) :: 2287 Bogacki; U.S. v., 925 F.Supp.2d 1288 (M.D. Fla. 2012) :: 2324 B- & K-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 827 (BIA 1955) :: 1120 Bogart, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 552 (BIA 1976) :: 659 BKR Restaurants, LLC, d/b/a Burger King; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO Boggala v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 563 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 123, 377, no. 1154 (Aug. 6, 2012) :: 2227 2125 Blacher v. Ridge, 436 F.Supp.2d 602 (S.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 1183, Bogle v. Dubois, 236 F.Supp.3d 820 (S.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 1943, 1186, 1962, 2026, 2040 2004 Blackie's House of Beef, Inc. v. Castillo, 659 F.2d 1211 (D.C. Cir. Boika v. Holder, 727 F.3d 735 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1842, 1872, 1875, 1981) :: 499–500, 2208 2045, 2057 Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63 (1977) :: 384, 1931 Boim v. Holy Land Found. for Relief & Dev., 549 F.3d 685 (7th Blackledge v. Blackledge, 866 F.3d 169 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 188 Cir. 2008) (en banc) :: 2153 Blacksmith Applications, Inc., 2013-PER-1557 (Apr. 26, 2016) :: Boire v. Johnson, No. 4:15-cv-0660-TCM, 2015 WL 5431973 1664 (E.D. Mo. Sept. 29, 2015) :: 1166 Blackwell v. Thornburgh, 745 F.Supp. 1529 (C.D. Cal. 1989) :: Bojnoordi v. Holder, 757 F.3d 1075 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 197 1403, 1405 Bojorquez-Moreno v. Shores & Ruark Seafood Co., 92 F.Supp.3d Blaich, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 304 (RC 1975) :: 1547 459 (E.D. Va. 2015) :: 1264, 2249, 2252 Blain v. Herrell, 2010 WL 2900432 (D. Haw. July 21, 2010) :: 115 TABLE OF CASES 2477

Bokhari v. Holder, 622 F.3d 357 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 279, 1101, Borrego v. Mukasey, 539 F.3d 689 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 222–23, 1489, 2183, 2241 1804 Bolanos v. Holder, 734 F.3d 875 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 319, 322 Borrome v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 687 F.3d 150 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 292, Bolanos-Hernandez v. INS, 767 F.2d 1277 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 949, 307 951 Bosede v. Ashcroft, 309 F.3d 441 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 2002 Bolante v. Achim, 457 F.Supp.2d 896 (E.D. Wis. 2006) :: 1085, Bosede v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 946 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 470, 874, 1457, 1908, 1937, 1985 1031, 1959, 1997, 2008 Bolante v. Achim, 457 F.Supp.2d 898 (E.D. Wis. 2006) :: 2013 Boskic; U.S. v., 545 F.3d 69 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 435, 489 Bolante v. Keisler, 506 F.3d 618 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 254, 531, 550, Bosuego, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 125 (BIA 1979; 1980) :: 176 1936, 2091 Botezatu v. INS, 195 F.3d 311 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 764, 1982 Bolante v. Mukasey, 539 F.3d 790 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 795 Bothyo v. INS, 783 F.2d 74 (7th Cir. 1986) :: 2000 Bolieiro v. Holder, 731 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1863 Bottomline Techs., 2011-PER-2325 (Oct. 18, 2012) :: 1630, 1709 Boliero; U.S. v., 923 F.Supp.2d 319 (D. Mass. 2013) :: 413 Botvin, Estate of, v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 772 F.Supp.2d 218 Bolivar-Diaz; U.S. v., 594 F.3d 1003 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 452 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 2156 Bollanos v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 82 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 843, 1999 Botvin, Estate of, v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 873 F.Supp.2d 232 Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954) :: 41 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 2156, 2159 Bollinger Shipyards, Inc. v. Director, Office of Worker's Compen- Bouayad v. Holmes, 74 F.Supp.2d 471 (E.D. Pa. 1999) :: 531 sation Programs, 604 F.3d 864 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 2250 Boubou Ba v. Wal-Mart Store 1199, 10 OCAHO no. 1163 (Nov. Bolshakov v. INS, 133 F.3d 1279 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1491, 1786, 29, 2012) :: 2258 1871 Bouchikhi v. Holder, 676 F.3d 173 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 68, 664, 666, Boltenko v. DHS, 543 F.Supp.2d 767 (W.D. Mich. 2008) :: 2173 1986, 2036 Boluk v. Holder, 642 F.3d 297 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 1396, 1400, 1402, Boudaguian v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 825 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1740–41, 1413, 1897 2059 Bolus A.D. v. Secretary, DHS, 376 F.Supp.3d 959 (D. Minn. Boukhtouchen v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 78 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 2019) :: 517, 546 Boulevard Cafe, 1996-INA-33 (Sept. 30, 1997) :: 1667 Bolvito v. Mukasey, 527 F.3d 428 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 1485 Boumediene v. Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008) :: 42, 551, 1900, 1931, Bombadilla v. Holder, 679 F.3d 1052 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 127 1933, 1942, 1945, 1992, 2015 Bombay Jewelry Co., Inc., 2011-PER-2917 (Aug. 28, 2013) :: Boumelhem; U.S. v., 339 F.3d 414 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 502 1685 Bouras v. Holder, 779 F.3d 665 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 586, 589, 1396– Bona v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 663 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 45, 241, 276, 97 1478, 2037 Bourdon v. DHS, 940 F.3d 537 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 1329 Bondarenko v. Holder, 733 F.3d 899 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 470, 587, Bourguignon v. MacDonald, 667 F.Supp.2d 175 (D. Mass. 2009) 662, 674, 788, 961 :: 762, 1941 Bonetti v. Rogers, 356 U.S. 691 (1958) :: 693, 2111 Bourtzakis v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 940 F.3d 616 (11th Cir. 2019) :: Bonetti; U.S. v., 277 F.3d 441 (4th Cir. 2002) :: 428 309, 355, 2037 Bongiorno's New York Pizzeria, 2009-PER-479 (Oct. 25, 2010) :: Boutilier v. INS, 387 U.S. 118 (1967) :: 98 1644, 1694 Bouzoumita, Matter of; No. 79 424 306 (BIA, unpublished, Dec. 8, Bong Youn Choy v. Barber, 279 F.2d 642 (9th Cir. 1960) :: 487 2006) :: 627, 1416 Bonhometre v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 442 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 228, Bovkun v. Ashcroft, 283 F.3d 166 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 323, 343, 368 473, 531, 598, 761, 1749, 1900, 1934, 1997, 2094 Bowe, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 488 (BIA 1980) :: 1816 Boniface v. Viliena, 338 F.Supp.3d 50 (D. Mass. 2018), aff'd on Bowen v. City of New York, 476 U.S. 467 (1986) :: 1794 rehearing, 417 F.Supp.3d 113 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 2147, Bowen v. Georgetown Univ. Hosp., 488 U.S. 204 (1988) :: 2045, 2149 2084, 2120 Bonifon v. Rodriguez, 270 F.Supp.3d 465 (D. Mass. 2017) :: Bowen v. Michigan Acad. of Family Physicians, 476 U.S. 667 1793, 2331 (1986) :: 1991 Bonilla v. Johnson, 149 F.Supp.3d 1135 (D. Minn. 2016) :: 899 Bowen v. Warden, Baldwin State Prison, 826 F.3d 1312 (11th Cir. Bonilla v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 575 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1862, 1870, 1883 2016) :: 2123 Bonilla v. Mukasey, 539 F.3d 72 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 853, 855 Bowler v. INS, 901 F.Supp. 597 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 660 Bonilla v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 87 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 742, 929, 936, Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205 (2007) :: 1819, 1992, 1999, 940 2007, 2009, 2085, 2114 Bonilla; U.S. v., 579 F.3d 1233 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 437 Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co., 325 U.S. 410 (1945) :: Bonilla; U.S. v., 637 F.3d 980 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 384, 397 919, 2067–68 Bonilla-Morales v. Holder, 607 F.3d 1132 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 834, Bowley; U.S. v., 435 F.3d 426 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 405 1045 Bowoto v. Chevron Corp., 621 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 2143 Bonilla-Mungia; U.S. v., 422 F.3d 316 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 326 Box, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 87 (BIA 1962) :: 182 Bonitto v. ICE, 547 F.Supp.2d 747 (S.D. Tex. 2008) :: 752, 756 Boyanivskyy v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 286 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 661, Bonne-Annee v. INS, 810 F.2d 1077 (11th Cir. 1987) :: 1824 1968 Bonsu v. Holder, 646 F.Supp.2d 273 (D. Conn. 2009) :: 2285 Boyd v. ICE, 344 F.Supp.2d 869 (E.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 575, 2336 Boodell & Domanskis, LLC, 2012-PER-1275 (May 11, 2016) :: Boyd v. Nebraska, 143 U.S. 135 (1892) :: 2279 1667 Boykov v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 526 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2087 Booker; U.S. v., 543 U.S. 220 (2005) :: 430, 445 Boz v. U.S., 248 F.3d 1299 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 1943, 2004 Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731 (2001) :: 1998–99, 2009 B-R-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 119 (BIA 2013) :: 779, 855 Borbot v. Warden Hudson Cnty. Corr. Facility, 906 F.3d 274 (3d Bracamontes v. Holder, 675 F.3d 380 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 74, 227, Cir. 2018) :: 254, 473, 516–17 1477 Borca v. INS, 77 F.3d 210 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 785, 793 Bracic v. Holder, 603 F.3d 1027 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 475, 842, 1041, Borges v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 398 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 630, 641, 708, 1834 720, 1884 Bracy v. Gramley, 520 U.S. 899 (1997) :: 1945 Borja v. INS, 175 F.3d 732 (9th Cir. 1999) (en banc), rev'g Matter Brad Bartholomay Landscape Design & Consultation, 1988-INA- of T-M-B-, 21 I&N Dec. 775 (BIA 1997) :: 829, 832, 835, 332 (BALCA 1989) :: 1204 842, 1021 Braden v. 30th Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky, 410 U.S. 484 Borokinni v. INS, 974 F.2d 442 (4th Cir. 1992) :: 1887 (1973) :: 537, 1939 Boromand, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 450 (BIA 1980) :: 1404, 1410, Bradley v. Heckler, 785 F.2d 954 (11th Cir. 1986) :: 2167 1413 Bradley v. School Bd. of City of Richmond, 416 U.S. 696 (1974) :: Borovikova v. DOJ, 435 F.3d 151 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 999 1405, 1781, 2122 Borovsky v. Holder, 612 F.3d 917 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 791, 796, Bradley v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 603 F.3d 235 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1113– 2093 14, 1473 Bradvica v. INS, 128 F.3d 1009 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 776–77 2478 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) :: 626 State ex rel. Brnovich v. Maricopa Cnty. Community College Dist. Branch v. Schumacher, 14 OCAHO no. 1358 (May 29, 2020) :: Bd., 416 P.3d 803 (Ariz. 2018) :: 1801 2266, 2268 Broadcom Corp., 2012-PER-790 (July 1, 2013) :: 1629 Brandao v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 654 F.3d 427 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1376, Broadgate, Inc. v. USCIS, 730 F.Supp.2d 240 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 2284 1920 Brandsway Int'l Inc., 2010-PER-186 (Sept. 9, 2010) :: 1646 Broadgate, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2019-LCA-13 (Aug. 7, Brand X, see National Cable & Telecomm. v. Brand X 2019) :: 1216 Brantigan, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 493 (BIA 1966) :: 1078, 1284, Broadway Baptist Child Dev. Ctr., 1992-INA-405 (Sept. 30, 1993) 1446 :: 1702 Braun v. INS, 992 F.2d 1016 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 2064 Brocade Commc'ns Sys., Inc., 2013-PER-1302 (Aug. 22, 2017) :: Braun v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 228 F.Supp.3d 64 (D.D.C. 1709 2017) :: 2158 Brock v. Emerson Elec. Co., 834 F.2d 994 (11th Cir. 1987) :: Bravo v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 590 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 1778, 1971 2208 Bravo-Diaz; U.S. v., 312 F.3d 995 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 396 Brock v. Pierce Cnty., 476 U.S. 253 (1986) :: 481 Bravo-Pedroza v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 1358 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 558, Brogan v. U.S., 522 U.S. 398 (1998) :: 438, 2340 567, 629 Broidy Capital Management LLC v. Benomar, 944 F.3d 436 (2d Brazilian Portuguese Pavilion, 1987-INA-606 (1987) :: 1665 Cir. 2019) :: 2165 Brazil Quality Stones, Inc. v. Chertoff, 531 F.3d 1063 (9th Cir. Broken Hill Proprietary (USA) Inc., 2012-PER-1728 (Mar. 11, 2008) :: 1289 2016) :: 1635 Brea v. Mechkowski, 156 F.Supp.3d 423 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 2029 Bromfield v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 1071 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 836, 847, Breard v. Greene, 523 U.S. 371 (1998) :: 2113 884, 966, 1020, 1985, 1988 Breda v. Kindred Braintree Hospital, LLC, 10 OCAHO no. 1202 Bronisz v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 632 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1859, 2095 (Oct. 10, 2013) :: 2268, 2273 Bronx Med. & Dental Clinic, 1990-INA-479 (Oct. 30, 1992) (en Breda v. Kindred Braintree Hospital, LLC, 11 OCAHO no. 1225 banc) :: 1696 (Aug. 26, 2014) :: 2275 Brook Ledge, Inc., 2016-TLN-33 (May 10, 2016) :: 1257 Bremer v. Johnson, 834 F.3d 925 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 475, 478, Brooklyn Amity Sch., 2007-PER-64 (Sept. 19, 2007) :: 1641 1329, 1442, 1904, 1963, 2051 Brooks v. Anthem, Inc., 14 OCAHO no. 1351 (Apr. 10, 2020) :: Breninzon, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 40 (BIA 1984) :: 1376 2268 Brennan Ctr. for Justice v. DOJ, 697 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 2012) :: Brooks v. Ashcroft, 283 F.3d 1268 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 481 615 Broomes v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 1251 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 382, 1945 Brent-Wood Products, Inc., 1988-INA-259 (1989) :: 1664 Bropleh v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 772 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 677, 688, Brett v. INS, 386 F.2d 439 (2d Cir. 1967) :: 134 725 Brevil v. Jones, 283 F.Supp.3d 205 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 762 Broussard v. Bowen, 828 F.2d 310 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 2171 Brewer v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 664 F.Supp.2d 43 (D.D.C. Broussard-Wadkins v. Maples, 895 F.Supp.2d 1159 (N.D. Ala. 2009) :: 2158 2012) :: 2188, 2215, 2255 Brewster v. Gage, 280 U.S. 327 (1930) :: 2113 Brown, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 324 (BIA 1982) :: 579, 1829 Breyer v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 327 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 2328 Brown v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 346 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 370, 1723, 1750 Breyer v. Meissner, 214 F.3d 416 (3d Cir. 2000) :: 43–44, 2024, Brown v. Baltimore City Public Sch., 3 OCAHO no. 480 (June 4, 2282 1992) :: 2262 Breyer; U.S. v., 841 F.Supp. 679 (E.D. Pa. 1993) :: 2280 Brown v. CBP, 15-cv-01181-JD, 2015 WL 5535799 (N.D. Cal. Brezilien v. Holder, 569 F.3d 403 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1837 Sept. 17, 2015) :: 601 Brice v. INS, 806 F.2d 415 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 700 Brown v. DHS, 313 F.Supp.3d 1252 (W.D. Wash. 2018) :: 1380 Brickwood Contractors, Inc. v. U.S., 288 F.3d 1371 (Fed. Cir. Brown v. Gardner, 513 U.S. 115 (1994) :: 2107 2002) :: 2167 Brown v. Holder, 763 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 470, 480, 574, Bridges v. Wixon, 326 U.S. 135 (1945) :: 47, 467–68, 480, 1365 1794, 2024, 2040, 2286 Brieva-Perez, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 766 (BIA 2005), aff'd, Brown v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 576 Brieva-Perez v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 356 (5th Cir. 2007) :: Brown v. Plata, 563 U.S. 493 (2011) :: 265 140, 324 Brown v. U.S., 942 F.3d 1069 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 317 Bright v. Holder, 649 F.3d 397 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 2035 Brown; U.S. v., 148 F.Supp.2d 191 (E.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 72, 420 Brighterion, Inc., 2015-PER-503 (Dec. 14, 2016) :: 1677 Brown; U.S. v., 354 F.Supp.3d 362 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 413–15, Brignoni-Ponce; U.S. v., 422 U.S. 873 (1975) :: 491, 502, 2206 417 Brikova v. Holder, 699 F.3d 1005 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 374 Browne v. Zurbrick, 45 F.2d 931 (6th Cir. 1930) :: 567 Brima Bah v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 1019 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1041 Brown, Estate of, v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 872 F.Supp.2d 37 Bringas-Rodriguez v. Sessions, 850 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2017) (en (D.D.C. 2012) :: 2159 banc) :: 800, 818, 821, 828, 838, 968, 1019, 1041 Browning-Ferris Indus. of Cal., Inc., 362 NLRB 1599 (2015) :: Brinklys v. Johnson, 175 F.Supp.3d 1338 (M.D. Fla. 2016) :: 627, 2184 1417, 1453, 1810 Brown Rudnick, LLP v. Surgical Orthomedics, Inc., 2014 U.S. Briones, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 355 (BIA 2007) :: 168, 170, 1481, Dist. LEXIS 96097 *45 (S.D.N.Y. July 15, 2014) :: 655 1846, 2121 Brucaj v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 602 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 841, 844 Briones v. INS, 175 F.3d 727 (9th Cir. 1999) (en banc) :: 808, Bruce N. Levine, 2008-PER-80 (Nov. 12, 2008) :: 1618, 1639 1029, 1840 Brue v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 1227 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 575, 705–6, Briones-Sanchez v. Heinauer, 319 F.3d 324 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 744 874 Briseno v. Ashcroft, 291 F.3d 377 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 2175 Bruland v. Howerton, 742 F.Supp. 629 (S.D. Fla. 1990) :: 2170, Briseno-Flores v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 492 F.3d 226 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 2175 1746–47, 1783, 2073 Brumme v. INS, 275 F.3d 443 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 248, 1946, 2102 Briseno-Sanchez v. Heinauer, 319 F.3d 324 (8th Cir. 2003) :: Bruno v. Albright, 20 F.Supp.2d 51 (D.D.C. 1998) :: 149 745, 1989–90 Bruno-Muzquiz; U.S. v., 412 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 442, Brissett v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1959, 2285 1476 Brissett v. Decker, 324 F.Supp.3d 444 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 253, Bryan v. U.S., 524 U.S. 184 (1998) :: 178–79, 434, 1420, 2339 546, 1365, 2173 Bryan v. U.S., 913 F.3d 356 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 503, 2162 Bristol Myers Squibb Co., 2011-PER-2720 (Sept. 4, 2014) :: 1613 Brzuszek v. McElroy, 275 F.Supp.2d 442 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1755, British European formerly Encino Motor Works, 2008-PER-109 1944 (Jan. 5, 2009) :: 1631 BSN Indus., 1988-INA-53 (1988) :: 1665 Brito v. Barr, 415 F.Supp.3d 258 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 516, 518 Bu v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 424 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 805, 1030 Brito v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 160 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 276, 1999 Buchanan Fence Co., 2008-INA-96 (June 12, 2008) :: 1702 Brito-DeLeon v. Ashcroft, 188 F.Supp.2d 340 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) :: Buck v. Stankovic, 485 F.Supp.2d 576 (M.D. Pa. 2007) :: 43 1498 TABLE OF CASES 2479

Buckhannon Bd. & Care Home, Inc. v. W. Va. Dep't of Health & Bustamante v. Napolitano, 582 F.3d 403 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 2332 Human Res., 532 U.S. 598 (2001) :: 2167 Bustamante; U.S. v., 687 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 401 Buckingham Ltd. P'ship; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 151 (Apr. 6, 1990) Bustamante-Barrera v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 388 (5th Cir. 2006) :: :: 2193, 2196 1379–80, 2286, 2336 Buckland, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 706 (RC 1964) :: 1127 Bustillos v. El Paso Cnty. Hospital Dist., 891 F.3d 214 (5th Cir. Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 509 U.S. 259 (1993) :: 2164 2018) :: 2162 Bucur v. INS, 109 F.3d 399 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 791 Bustos-Ochoa; U.S. v., 704 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 415 Budget Rent-A-Car, Matter of; No. MIA-N-12807 (RC 1981) :: Bustos-Torres v. INS, 898 F.2d 1053 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 663, 671, 1285 673 Budhathoki v. Nielsen, 898 F.3d 504 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 1552–53 Butalova v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 768 F.3d 1179 (11th Cir. 2014) :: Budiono v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 851, 863, 877, 1369, 1768, 1904, 1964 2097 Butka v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 827 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 1869 Budiono v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 44 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1009, 1043 Butros v. INS, 804 F.Supp. 1336 (D. Or. 1991) :: 764, 1843 Bueno, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1029 (BIA 1997) :: 1376, 1447 Butros v. INS, 990 F.2d 1142 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1867 Bueno-Muela v. Sessions, 893 F.3d 1073 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 292 Butt, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 108 (BIA 2013) :: 1482–85 Bueso-Avila v. Holder, 663 F.3d 934 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1013 Butt v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 430 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 976, 987, 994 Buffalo Acad. of Science Charter Sch., 2013-PER-1393 (May 10, Butt v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 594, 596 2019) :: 1696 Butt v. Keisler, 506 F.3d 86 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 Buffalo Evening News v. U.S. Border Patrol, 791 F.Supp. 386 Butterfield; U.S. v., 223 F.2d 804 (6th Cir. 1955) :: 395 (W.D.N.Y. 1992) :: 615 The Button Depot, Inc. v. DHS, 386 F.Supp.2d 1140 (C.D. Cal. Buffalo Transp., Inc. v. U.S., 844 F.3d 381 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 2189, 2005) :: 1179, 1182, 1185, 2056, 2061 2218–19, 2237 Butz v. Economou, 438 U.S. 478 (1978) :: 731, 2164 Buffalo Transp., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1263 (Oct. 16, Buzdygan v. INS, 259 F.3d 891 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 1776 2015) :: 2232 B-Y-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 236 (BIA 2010) :: 920 Buffalo Transp., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1263a (Oct. 23, Bygayong v. INS, 442 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 229, 1905, 1971 2015) :: 2236 Byun; U.S. v., 539 F.3d 982 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1328, 1442 Bugulu v. Gonzales, 490 F.Supp.2d 965 (W.D. Wis. 2007) :: 1951, 1975 Bui v. INS, 76 F.3d 268 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 638, 699, 747, 2171 C Bui v. INS, 80 F.Supp.2d 1123 (D. Or. 1999) :: 2004 C-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 14 (BIA 1941) :: 147 Builes v. Nye, 239 F.Supp.2d 518 (M.D. Pa. 2003) :: 479, 570, C-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 716 (BIA 1947) :: 140 888, 908, 1029 C-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 65 (BIA 1953) :: 124 Buitrago-Cuesta v. INS, 7 F.3d 291 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 867, 1750, C-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 709 (BIA 1955) :: 391 2122 C-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 432 (BIA 1957) :: 151 Buletini v. INS, 860 F.Supp. 1222 (E.D. Mich. 1994) :: 1522, 2061 C-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 611 (BIA 1960) :: 395 Bulk Farms, Inc. v. Martin, 963 F.2d 1286 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 1685 C-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 696 (BIA 1960) :: 619 Bull v. INS, 790 F.2d 869 (11th Cir. 1986) :: 565, 592, 594, 1470, C-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 100 (BIA 1960) :: 279, 1142 1867, 1958, 2046 C-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 524, see Costello v. INS, 376 U.S. 120 Bullcoming v. New Mexico, 564 U.S. 647. 662-63 (2011) :: 675 C-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 529 (BIA 1992) :: 696, 867, 873, 875, Bullfrog Films, Inc. v. Catto, 815 F.Supp. 338 (C.D. Cal. 1993) :: 942 2172, 2178 C-A-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 951 (BIA 2006), aff'd sub nom. Cas- Bulnes, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 57 (BIA 2009) :: 710, 716, 1757, tillo-Arias v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 446 F.3d 1190 (11th Cir. 2006) 1828, 1862, 1879 :: 809, 815, 818, 823–24, 827, 1030 Bulos, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 645 (BIA 1976) :: 490, 1739 Caal-Tiul v. Holder, 582 F.3d 92 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 804, 1043 Bultasa Buddhist Temple of Chicago v. Nielsen, 878 F.3d 570 Cabaccang v. USCIS, 627 F.3d 1313 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1910, (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1455, 1963, 1974 1919, 2026 Buluc; U.S. v., 930 F.3d 383 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 439, 2111 Caballero v. Caplinger, 914 F.Supp. 1374 (E.D. La. 1996) :: 549 Bunag, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 103 (DD 1967) :: 153 Caballero; U.S. v., 178 F.Supp.3d 1008 (S.D. Cal. 2016) :: 504 Bunty Ngaeth v. Mukasey, 545 F.3d 796 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 330, Caballero Contracting & Consulting LLC, 2009-TLN-15 (Apr. 9, 341 2009) :: 1243, 1248 Buquer v. City of Indianapolis, 797 F.Supp.2d 905 (S.D. Ind. Caballero-Martinez v. Barr, 920 F.3d 543 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1858 2011) :: 52, 534 Caban v. INS, 671 F.2d 1230 (2d Cir. 1982) :: 2136 Burbano, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 872 (BIA 1994) :: 1759, 1813, 1835, 1845, 2006, 2055 Caban v. INS, 728 F.2d 68 (2d Cir. 1984) :: 2137 Burbiene v. Holder, 568 F.3d 251 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 Cabantac v. Holder, 736 F.3d 787 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 684, 2099 Burger v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 131 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 468, 949, Cabas v. Barr, 928 F.3d 177 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1048, 1874 1848 Cabas v. Holder, 695 F.3d 169 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 789 Burgos-Abril v. INS, 58 F.3d 475 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 738 Cabasug v. INS, 847 F.2d 1321 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 295 Burgos-Ortega; U.S. v., 777 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 448, 451 Cabell v. Chavez-Salido, 454 U.S. 432 (1982) :: 54 Burka v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 575 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1985 Cabello v. Fernandez-Larios, 402 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2005) :: Burke v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 695 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 330 2148 Cabello Barrueto v. Fernandez Lario, 205 F.Supp.2d 1325 (S.D. Burke; U.S. v., 863 F.3d 1355 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 378, 450 Fla. 2002) :: 2147 Burlington Graphic Sys., Inc. v. Dep't of Workforce Dev. (Wis. Ct. App. Dec. 23, 2014) :: 2250 Cabello Barrueto, 205 F.Supp.2d 1325 (S.D. Fla. 2002) :: 2148 Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White, 548 U.S. 53 (2006) :: Cable Car Photo & Electronics, 1990-INA-141 (1991) :: 1676 2272 Cabral v. Decker, 331 F.Supp.3d 255 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 546 Burrafato v. DOS, 523 F.2d 554 (2d Cir. 1975) :: 2012 Cabral v. DOJ, 587 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 598 Burt; U.S. v., 410 F.3d 1100 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 430 Cabral v. Holder, 632 F.3d 886 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 229, 1826 Buscemi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 628 (BIA 1988) :: 1759 Cabral v. INS, 15 F.3d 193 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 133, 144 Bush v. Lucas, 462 U.S. 367 (1981) :: 2137 Cabreja-Rojas v. Reno, 999 F.Supp. 493 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 254, Bushira v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 626 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 836, 1041 549, 2004 Busquets-Ivars v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 1008 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 716 Cabrera, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 589 (BIA 1996) :: 1376 Bussian v. RJR Nabisco, Inc., 223 F.3d 286 (5th Cir. 2000) :: Cabrera, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 459 (BIA 2008) :: 375 2079 Cabrera v. Barr, 930 F.3d 627 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 136, 1992, 2080 Bustamante, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 564 (BIA 2011) :: 229, 1763, Cabrera v. Lynch, 805 F.3d 391 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 649, 1744 1804 Cabrera v. Sessions, 890 F.3d 153 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 821, 845 Bustamante v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 2014 Cabrera v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 921 F.3d 401 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 2283 2480 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Cabrera-Alvarez v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Califano v. Sanders, 430 U.S. 99 (1977) :: 1903, 1918, 1920, 483, 1764, 1898, 1969, 2115 2334 Cabrera Cabrera v. USCIS, 374 F.Supp.3d 153 (D.D.C. 2019) :: Califano v. Westcott, 443 U.S. 76 (1979) :: 39 1457, 1556, 1899 California v. Texas, 140 S.Ct. 1262 (2020) :: 1514 Cabrera-Delgado v. U.S., 111 F.Supp.2d 415 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) :: California v. Trump, __ F.3d __, 2020 WL 3480841 (9th Cir. June 539 26, 2020) :: 1991 Cabrera-Perez v. Gonzales, 456 F.3d 109 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 711, California v. U.S., 104 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 2034, 2042 713 California; U.S. v., 921 F.3d 865 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 50 Cabrera-Perez; U.S. v., 751 F.3d 1000 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 321, 352 California Mantel, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1168 (2013) :: Cabrera-Sosa; U.S. v., 81 F.3d 998 (10th Cir. 1996) :: 458 2223 Cabrera Vasquez v. Barr, 919 F.3d 218 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 885, California Rural Legal Asst. v. Legal Servs., 917 F.2d 1171 (9th 888, 965 Cir. 1990) :: 2022 Cabuco-Flores v. INS, see Mangabat, Matter of Calilao, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 104 (BIA 1977) :: 1416 Caceres; U.S. v., 440 U.S. 741 (1979) :: 480 Calimlim; U.S. v., 538 F.3d 706 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 428, 443, 458 Caceres Cleaning Contractors Corp., 2012-PER-27 (July 3, 2013) Calixto v. Lesmes, 909 F.3d 1079 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 189 :: 1685 Calla-Collado v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 663 F.3d 680 (3d Cir. 2011) :: Cacho v. Ashcroft, 403 F.Supp.2d 991 (D. Haw. 2004) :: 2296, 487, 489, 514, 584–85, 632, 647, 650 2302 Calle v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 504 F.3d 1324 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 1858, CA Custom Entrance Sys., 2011-PER-184 (July 16, 2012) :: 1614 1866, 2098 Cadapan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 749 F.3d 157 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 301, Callender v. Shanahan, 281 F.Supp.3d 428 (S.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 358 751 Cadavedo v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 779 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 474, 589 Calles-Pineda; U.S. v., 627 F.2d 976 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 421 Caddali v. INS, 975 F.2d 1428 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 1788, 1791 Calle-Vujiles v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 472 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 1869, Cadenas; U.S. v., 445 F.3d 1091 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 453 2042 Cadet v. Bulger, 377 F.3d 1173 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 479, 880, 882– Calma v. Holder, 663 F.3d 868 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 593, 596 83, 892, 1935 Caltzoncin v. GSM Insurors-Glass, Sorenson & McDavid, 12 The Cadmus Grp., 2014-PER-1741 (Jan. 15, 2016) :: 1616 OCAHO no. 1287 (Sept. 9, 2016) :: 2256, 2262, 2267, 2269 Caesar v. Ashcroft, 355 F.Supp.2d 693 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 139 Caltzoncin v. GSM Insurors-Glass, Sorenson & McDavid, 12 Cafe Camino Real, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 224 (Aug. 28, OCAHO no. 1287a (Nov. 17, 2016) :: 2275 1990) :: 2213 Calvillo Garcia, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 697 (BIA 2015), aff'd, 870 Cafeteria Workers v. McElroy, 367 U.S. 886 (1961) :: 2243 F.3d 341 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 285, 287, 367, 398 Café Vallarta, 2007-PER-29, -33 (June 12, 2007) :: 1632 Calvo-Ahumada v. Rinaldi, 435 F.2d 544 (3d Cir. 1970) :: 141 C-A-H-, Matter of; ID# 615910 (AAO Jan. 2, 2018) :: 1538 Camacho; U.S. v., 738 F.Supp.2d 240 (D. Mass. 2010) :: 399, Cajun Constructors, Inc., 2009-TLN-96 (Oct. 9, 2009) :: 1243 739 C-A-L-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 754 (BIA 1997) :: 835, 850 Camacho v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 378 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1475, 1976 Calcagno, In re; No. K-87-1819 (D. Md. 1988) :: 2174 Camacho-Bordes v. INS, 33 F.3d 26 (8th Cir. 1993) :: 2039 Calcano De Millan, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 904 (BIA 2017) :: 361– Camacho-Cruz v. Holder, 621 F.3d 941 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 321 62, 376, 392, 1328, 1442 Camacho-Lopez; U.S. v., 450 F.3d 928 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 412, Calcano-Martinez v. INS, 533 U.S. 348 (2001) :: 1909 416, 420 Caldero-Guzman v. Holder, 577 F.3d 345 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1776 Camacho-Salinas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 460 F.3d 1343 (11th Cir. Calderon v. Reno, 39 F.Supp.2d 943 (N.D. Ill. 1999) :: 880 2006) (per curiam) :: 43, 227 Calderon v. Sessions, 330 F.Supp.3d 944 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 47, Camaj v. Holder, 625 F.3d 988 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 713, 717, 720, 167, 468, 1725, 1913, 1925, 1940, 1979 1994 Calderon; U.S. v., 391 F.3d 370 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 412–13, 419, Camara v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 361 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 889, 932, 651, 1821 989, 991, 1000, 1004 Calderon-Cardona v. Dem. People's Rep. of Korea, 723 Camara v. DHS, 497 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1971 F.Supp.2d 441 (D.P.R. 2010) :: 2156 Camara v. Holder, 705 F.3d 219 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 474, 870, 1052 Calderon-Hernandez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 885 (BIA 2012) :: Camara v. Holder, 725 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 938 1733, 1771 Camara v. Municipal Court of City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 387 Calderon Jimenez v. Nielsen, 399 F.Supp. 1 (D. Mass. 2018) :: U.S. 523 (1967) :: 500, 2208 1955 Camara v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 580 F.3d 196 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 786, Calderon-Medina; U.S. v., 591 F.2d 529 (9th Cir. 1979) :: 481, 1005, 1846 698 Camarena v. Director, ICE, No. 19-13446-DD (11th Cir. Sept. 23, Calderon-Ontiveros v. INS, 809 F.2d 1050 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 659 2019) :: 167, 1980 Calderon-Pena; U.S. v., 339 F.3d 320 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 360 Camarena v. Meissner, 78 F.Supp.2d 1044 (N.D. Cal. 1999) :: Calderon-Ramirez v. McCament, 877 F.3d 272 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1446, 2056, 2062 1929, 1949 Camarillo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 644 (BIA 2011) :: 68, 1744, Calderon-Rodriguez v. Sessions, 878 F.3d 1179 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1746 626, 705 Camarillo-Jose v. Holder, 676 F.3d 1140 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 1843 Calderon-Rodriguez v. Wilcox, 374 F.Supp.3d 1024 (W.D. Wash. Cambara-Cambara v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 822 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 2019) :: 479, 517, 546 1008, 1046 Calderon-Rosas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 957 F.3d 378 (3d Cir. 2020) :: Camelback Wedding Ctr., 2008-INA-12 (Jan. 23, 2008) :: 1689 47, 477, 637, 639, 1725 Camick v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 1101 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1734, 1820 Calderon-Segura; U.S. v., 512 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 401, Camins v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 872 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 76, 2075, 738 2120 Calero v. INS, 957 F.2d 50 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 483 Camishi v. Holder, 616 F.3d 883 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 958 Calero-Toledo v. Pearson Yacht Leasing Co., 416 U.S. 663 Camonialte Inc. d/b/a Mama Lisa Restaurant, 2011-PER-2426 (1974) :: 431 (Dec. 17, 2012) :: 1635, 1637, 1660 Calexico Warehouse, Inc. v. Neufeld, 259 F.Supp.2d 1067 (S.D. CAMO Techs., Inc., No. 12-cv-6050-WJM-MF, 2013 WL 5719249 Cal. 2002) :: 1296, 1915, 1970, 2061 (D.N.J. Oct. 18, 2013) :: 1213 Cal Farms, 2014-TLC-85 (Apr. 28, 2014) :: 1234 Camou; U.S. v., 773 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 505 Calhelha; U.S. v., 456 F.Supp.2d 350 (D. Conn. 2006) :: 425, Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138 (1973) :: 2044–45 439, 2234 Campa; U.S. v., 529 F.3d 980 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 435, 437 Calhoun v. Att'y Gen. of Colorado, 745 F.3d 1070 (10th Cir. 2014) Campbell v. Barr, 387 F.Supp.3d 286 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 546 :: 301, 1938 Campbell v. Chadbourne, 505 F.Supp.2d 191 (D. Mass. 2007) :: Calhoun Cnty. Indep. Sch. Dist., 2012-PER-2592 (Aug. 23, 2016) 529, 2004 :: 1640 TABLE OF CASES 2481

Campbell v. Ganter, 353 F.Supp.2d 332 (E.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 1941– Cantarero-Lagos v. Barr, 924 F.3d 145 (5th Cir. 2019), aff'g Mat- 42 ter of W-Y-C- & H-O-B-, 27 I&N Dec. 189 (BIA 2018) :: 813, Campbell v. Holder, 698 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 304, 349 1841, 1997, 2118 Campbell; U.S. v., 94 F.3d 125 (4th Cir. 1996) :: 458 Cantec Representatives, Inc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 241 (Comm. Campbell; U.S. v., 167 F.3d 94 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 458 1984) :: 1527, 1542 Campbell; U.S. v., 770 F.3d 556 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 427 Canto v. Holder, 593 F.3d 638 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 39, 43, 347, 481, Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez, 577 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 663 2117 (2016) :: 2032, 2091, 2106 Cantu, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 190 (AG 1979) :: 2279 Campillo v. Sullivan, 853 F.2d 593 (8th Cir. 1988) :: 537, 1938 Cantu; U.S. v., 519 F.2d 494 (7th Cir. 1975) :: 508 Campos v. INS, 16 F.3d 118 (6th Cir. 1994) :: 1750 Cantu; U.S. v., 557 F.2d 1173 (5th Cir. 1977) :: 428–29 Campos v. INS, 32 F.Supp.2d 1337 (S.D. Fla. 1999) :: 1916, Cantu-Delgadillo v. Holder, 584 F.3d 682 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 578, 1925 698, 1783, 1814 Campos v. INS, 62 F.3d 311 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 739 Cantwell v. Holder, 995 F.Supp.2d 316 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 1380, Campos v. INS, 961 F.2d 309 (1st Cir. 1992) :: 482 2082, 2084 Campos v. Nail, 43 F.3d 1285 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 585, 941 Canyon Cnty. v. Syngenta Seeds, Inc., 519 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. Campos v. Nail, 940 F.2d 495 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 1916 2007) :: 2255 Campos v. State, 816 N.W.2d 48 (Minn. 2012) :: 386 Cao v. DOJ, 421 F.3d 149 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1023, 1832 Campos-Asencio; U.S. v., 822 F.2d 506 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 420, Cao v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 657 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1047 630 Cao v. INS, 189 F.Supp.2d 1082 (S.D. Cal. 2001) :: 760 Camposeco-Montejo v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Cao v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 407 F.3d 146 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 994, 1023 853, 2042 Cao He Lin v. DOJ, 428 F.3d 391 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 678, 958, 967, Campos-Granillo v. INS, 12 F.3d 849 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1742, 992 2060 Capelli Antiques Furniture Restoration, 2003-INA-98 (Aug. 5, Campos-Hernandez v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 564 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 2004) :: 1686 1774, 2069, 2076 Capener v. Napolitano, 981 F.Supp.2d 1119 (D. Utah 2013) :: Campos Julio v. Barr, 953 F.3d 550 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 1838 184, 1926, 1977 Campos-Martinez; U.S. v., 976 F.2d 589 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 458 Capgemini Am., Inc., 2012-PER-2538 (Apr. 12, 2018) :: 1689 Campos-Sanchez v. INS, 164 F.3d 448 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 472, Capgemini Am., Inc., 2013-PER-134 (Mar. 15, 2019) :: 1682–83 1050, 1840–41 Capgemini Am., Inc., 2013-PER-1958 (Dec. 21, 2017) :: 1634 Campos-Serrano; U.S. v., 404 U.S. 293 (1971) :: 434 Capgemini Am., Inc., 2013-PER-2219 (May 29, 2019) :: 1634 Campos-Torres, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1289 (BIA 2000) :: 1747 Capgemini Am., Inc., Successor-in-Interest to Igate Techs., Inc., Camp Rio Vista, Inc., 2009-TLC-32 (Mar. 9, 2009) :: 1232 Formerly Patni Americas, Inc., 2012-PER-2312 (Nov. 9, Campuzano, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 390 (BIA 1983) :: 1376 2017) :: 1630 Canada v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 560 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 321 Capital Area Immigrants' Rights Coalition v. DOJ, 264 F.Supp.2d Canaday v. USCIS, 545 F.Supp.2d 113 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 617 14 (D.D.C. 2003) :: 1813, 1927, 2020, 2044 Canadian Council for Refugees v. Minister of Immigr., 2020 F.C. Capital Area Immigrants' Rights Coalition v. Trump, 2020 WL 770 (Can. Fed. Ct. 2020) 3542481 (D.D.C. June 30, 2020) :: 856, 1923 Canal A. Media Holding, LLC v. USCIS, __ F.3d __, 2020 WL Capitol Building Servs., Inc., 2012-PER-1971 (Feb. 12, 2013) :: 3833071 (11th Cir. July 8, 2020) :: 1912, 1918, 1978 1626 Canales-Rivera v. Barr, 948 F.3d 649 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 825, 1995 Capitol Heights, Inc., 2012-PER-238 (Aug. 26, 2014) :: 1628 Canales-Rosales; U.S. v., 67 F.Supp.3d 791 (S.D. Tex. 2014) :: Capiz-Fabian v. Barr, 933 F.3d 1015 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1851 493 Caplash v. Johnson, 230 F.Supp.3d 128 (W.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 468, Canales-Vargas v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 739 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 787, 1424, 1450, 1452–53 947 Caplash v. Nielsen, 294 F.Supp.3d 123 (W.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 2168– Canal Family & Indus. Med., 2011-PER-2786 (Feb. 7, 2013) :: 69, 2171, 2174, 2176–78 1630 Capossela, 1986-INA-342 (1986) :: 1691 Canals-Jimenez; U.S. v., 943 F.2d 1284 (11th Cir. 1991) :: 408 Capric v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1075 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 793 Canas, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 697 (BIA 1988) :: 796 Capron v. Office of the A.G. of Mass., 944 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2019) :: Canas-Segovia v. INS, 902 F.2d 717 (9th Cir. 1990), aff'd on al- 52, 1152 ternate grounds after remand, 970 F.2d 599 (9th Cir. 1992) Capron v. Office of the Att'y Gen. of Mass., 944 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. :: 776, 796, 950 2019) :: 49, 2249 Canaveral v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 40 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 645, 1860 Caraballo; U.S. v., 595 F.3d 1214 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 672 Cancino Castellar v. McAleenan, 388 F.Supp.3d 1218 (S.D. Cal. Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder, 560 U.S. 563 (2010) :: 314, 343, 2019) :: 512 346–47, 354, 360, 693, 2091, 2111 Cancino-Castellar v. Nielsen, 338 F.Supp.3d 1107 (S.D. Cal. Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder, 570 F.3d 263 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 2018) :: 1912 2091 Candlelight Inn; U.S. v., 4 OCAHO no. 611 (1994) :: 2269 Carbajal, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 272 (Comm. 1978) :: 1732 Candra v. Cronen, 361 F.Supp.3d 148 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 765, Carbajal, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 461 (BIA 1992) :: 1424 1896, 1934, 1955, 1979 Carbajal v. Holder, 43 F.Supp.3d 1184 (D. Colo. 2014) :: 761, Canelas-Amador; U.S. v., 837 F.3d 668 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 373, 2029 375, 450, 456, 693 Carbajal-Gonzalez v. INS, 78 F.3d 194 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 76 Cannon v. Univ. of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 (1979) :: 2109 Carballe, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 357 (BIA 1986) :: 871, 873, 875 Cano v. Barr, 956 F.3d 1034 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 790, 1006, 1046 Carbonell v. INS, 429 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2167 Cano v. Mallory Mgmt., 760 N.Y.S.2d 816, 195 Misc.2d 666 Carcamo v. DOJ, 498 F.3d 94 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1741 (S.Ct. N.Y. 2003) :: 2253 Carcamo-Flores v. INS, 805 F.2d 60 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 962 Cano v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 709 F.3d 1052 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 123, Carcamo-Lopez v. Does 1 through 20, 865 F.Supp.2d 736 (W.D. 134 Tex. 2011) :: 2134–35, 2163 Cano; U.S. v., 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 504 Carcamo-Recinos v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 253 (1st Cir. 2004) :: Cano-Merida v. INS, 311 F.3d 960 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 471, 888, 1014 932, 1887 Cardenas v. INS, 294 F.3d 1062 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 850 Cano-Oyarzabal v. Holder, 774 F.3d 914 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 128, Cardenas v. Stephens, 820 F.3d 197 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 735 141 Cardenas v. U.S., 826 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 2014, 2051 Cano-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 552 F.3d 637 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 454 Cardenas Abreu, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 795 (BIA 2009) :: 381 Cano-Saldarriaga v. Holder, 729 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1830 Cardenas-Alvarez; U.S. v., 987 F.2d 1129 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 406 Cantarero v. Holder, 734 F.3d 82 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 813, 815, 822 Cardenas-Delgado v. Holder, 720 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2013) :: Cantarero, 1992-INA-70 (Mar. 31, 1993) :: 1702 1753, 1770 2482 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Cardenas Market, Inc., 2002-INA-292 et al. (Sept. 3, 2003) :: Carrollo; U.S. v., 30 F.Supp. 3 (D. Mo. 1939) :: 142 1678 Carter v. INS, 90 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 1996) :: 133 Cardenas-Uriarte v. INS, 227 F.3d 1132 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 2099 Carter; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 865 (1996) :: 2214 Cardiel, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 12 (BIA 2009) :: 328 Carter; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 931 (1998) :: 2217, 2226 Cardinal Health, 2012-PER-3522 (Sept. 13, 2016) :: 1695 Cartes v. Phillips, 865 F.3d 277 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 188 Cardona v. Chiquita Brands Intern, Inc., 760 F.3d 1185 (11th Cir. Cartier v. Secretary of State, 506 F.2d 191 (D.C. Cir. 1974) :: 2014) :: 2146–47 2333 Cardona v. Holder, 754 F.3d 528 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 568 Carty v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 142 Cardona v. Nalls-Castillo, 177 F.Supp.3d 815 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) :: Carty; U.S. v., 520 F.3d 984 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc) :: 447 246 Caruncho v. INS, 68 F.3d 356 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1889 Cardona v. Sessions, 848 F.3d 519 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 820, 1018, Carvajales-Cepeda v. Meissner, 966 F.Supp. 207 (S.D.N.Y. 1823 1997) :: 458 Cardoso v. Reno, 216 F.3d 512 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1982, 2000 Carvajal-Munoz v. INS, 743 F.2d 562 (7th Cir. 1984) :: 925 Cardoso De Flores v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 379 (5th Cir. 2019) :: Carvajal Vasquez v. Gamba Acevedo, 931 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 293 2019) :: 188 Cardoso-Tlaseca v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Carvalho-Frois v. Holder, 667 F.3d 69 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 814, 823– 377, 1859, 1863 24 Cardoza-Fonseca v. INS, 767 F.2d 1448 (9th Cir. 1985), aff'd on Casa de Maryland v. DHS, 924 F.3d 684 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 1796 other grounds, 480 U.S. 421 (1987) :: 693, 775, 846, 869, Casa de Maryland v. DHS, No. 8:17-cv-02942-PWG (D. Md. July 925, 934, 947, 1051, 1835, 1841, 2041, 2069, 2083–84, 17, 2020) :: 1797 2107, 2110–11 Casa de Maryland, Inc. v. Trump, 414 F.Supp.3d 760 (D. Md. Cardoza Salazar v. Barr, 932 F.3d 704 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 338, 737 2019) :: 99 Caremax, Inc. v. Holder, 40 F.Supp.3d 1182 (N.D. Cal. 2014) :: Casares-Castellon v. Holder, 603 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1183, 1185–86 668, 676, 688, 725 Cariaga, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 716 (BIA 1976) :: 1380 Casas-Castrillon v. DHS, 535 F.3d 942 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 529, Carlisle v. Landon, 73 S.Ct. 1179 (1953) :: 516 547, 549, 754, 762, 943, 1943, 2000, 2004 Carlisle v. Rogers, 262 F.2d 19 (D.C. Cir. 1958) :: 619 Casas-Chavez v. INS, 300 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1824 Carlos-Colmenares; U.S. v., 253 F.3d 276 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 402 Casasola; U.S. v., 670 F.3d 1023 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 2080, 2285 Carlos Uy III, 1997-INA-304 (Mar. 3, 1999) (en banc) :: 1618, C-A-S-D-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 692 (BIA 2019) :: 1805 1649, 1686, 1691 Casem v. INS, 8 F.3d 700 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1790 Carlson v. Green, 446 U.S. 14 (1980) :: 2137, 2141 Casillas, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 154 (BIA 1998) :: 1405 Carlson v. Landon, 342 U.S. 524 (1952) :: 516, 1935 Casillas v. Holder, 656 F.3d 273 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1901 Carlson v. Reed, 249 F.3d 876 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1108 Casillas-Casillas; U.S. v., 845 F.3d 623 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 451 Carlsson v. USCIS, 2015 WL 1467174 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 23, 2015) Casillas-Figueroa v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 447 (6th Cir. 2005) :: :: 2050 1746, 1783 Carmell v. Texas, 529 U.S. 513 (2000) :: 2123 Casillas-Topete, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 317 (BIA 2010) :: 149, Carmenatte-Lopez v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 540 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 278 1029 Cassirer v. Kingdom of Spain, 616 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2010) (en Carmen Lee, 2007-PER-104 (June 4, 2008) :: 1612 banc) :: 2154 Caroleo v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 158 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 1755 Cassisi, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 136 (BIA 1963) :: 128 Carolina Employers Ass'n, Inc., In re Investigation of; 3 OCAHO Castaneda v. INS, 23 F.3d 1576 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 1740 no. 455 (1992) :: 2258, 2268 Castaneda v. Partida, 430 U.S. 482 (1977) :: 41 Carol Paul, FLC Employer v. ETA, ARB No. 08-85 (June 30, Castañeda-Castillo v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 17 (1st Cir. 2007) (en 2008) :: 1242 banc) :: 694, 781, 975, 992, 2063, 2095 Caron Int'l Inc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 791 (Comm. 1988) :: 1183 Castañeda-Castillo v. Holder, 638 F.3d 354 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 907, Carpenter v. Republic of Chile, 610 F.3d 776 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1029 2147 Castañeda-Castillo v. Holder, 723 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 2167, Carpenter v. U.S., 138 S.Ct. 2206 (2018) :: 483, 505 2171, 2175–78 Carpet Mall, Inc., 1987-INA-166 (DOL 1987) :: 1699 Castaneda de Esper v. INS, 557 F.2d 79 (6th Cir. 1977) :: 292, Carpio v. Holder, 592 F.3d 1091 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 1331, 2045, 390 2078 Castaneda-Delgado v. INS, 525 F.2d 1295 (7th Cir. 1975) :: 595, Carpio-Leon; U.S. v., 701 F.3d 974 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 441 631 Carr v. INS, 86 F.3d 949 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 41, 392, 482 Castaneda-Hernandez v. INS, 826 F.2d 1526 (6th Cir. 1987) :: Carran Eng'g Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 975 (1997) :: 2222 1050 Carranza v. INS, 277 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2002) :: 1945 Castaneda-Suarez v. INS, 993 F.2d 142 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 591, Carranza-De Salinas v. Holder, 700 F.3d 768 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 1885, 1997 1753, 2117 Castano v. INS, 956 F.2d 236 (11th Cir. 1992) :: 148, 381 Carranza-Hernandez v. INS, 12 F.3d 4 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 1014 Castelano v. Clinton (S.D. Tex. Aug. 14, 2009) :: 2280 Carreon-Hernandez v. Levi, 543 F.2d 637 (8th Cir. 1976) :: 573 Castellano-Chacon v. INS, 341 F.3d 533 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 469, Carrera-Valdez v. Perryman, 211 F.3d 1046 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 277 816, 826, 1062, 1902, 1986, 1988, 2094 Carrette-Michel v. INS, 749 F.2d 490 (8th Cir. 1984) :: 1771 Castellanos v. Pfizer, Inc., 555 F.Supp.2d 1343 (S.D. Fla. 2008) :: Carrillo, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 625 (BIA 1978) :: 292 1085, 2133 Carrillo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 99 (BIA 2009) :: 287, 1058 Castellanos; U.S. v., 518 F.3d 965 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 500, 502 Carrillo v. Holder, 781 F.3d 1155 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 297 Castellanos-Contreras v. Decatur Hotels, LLC, 488 F.Supp.2d Carrillo v. Mohrman, 832 F.Supp. 1412 (D. Idaho 1989) :: 1915, 565 (E.D. La. 2007) :: 2248 2044 Castellanos-Garcia; U.S. v., 270 F.3d 773 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 403 Carrillo de Palacios v. Holder, 708 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2013) :: Castellon, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 616 (BIA 1981) :: 876, 930 153, 168, 170, 2121 Castellon-Contreras v. INS, 45 F.3d 149 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 1749 Carrillo-Gonzalez v. INS, 353 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1436, Castendet-Lewis v. Sessions, 855 F.3d 253 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 327, 1727 2015, 2033 Carrillo-Jaime v. Holder, 572 F.3d 747 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 331 Castiglia v. INS, 108 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 2297, 2302 Carrillo-Lopez; U.S. v., 313 F.3d 1185 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 398 Castilho de Oliveira v. Holder, 564 F.3d 892 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 727, Carrillo-Lozano v. Stolc, 669 F.Supp.2d 1074 (D. Ariz. 2009) :: 958, 960, 989 261, 529 Castillo, Matter of; A099-24-709 (BIA Jan. 15, 2020) (un- Carrizo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 652 F.3d 1326 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 1003, published) :: 1789 1844 Castillo v. Gillen, 881 F.Supp. 236 (D. Mass. 2012) :: 761 Carroll v. U.S., 267 U.S. 132 (1925) :: 501 Castillo v. Holder, 776 F.3d 262 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 331, 352 TABLE OF CASES 2483

Castillo v. ICE Field Office Director, 907 F.Supp.2d 1235 (W.D. Castro-Olmedo, Matter of; A43-570-146 (BIA Oct. 22, 1996) :: Wash. 2012) :: 745, 762 671 Castillo v. INS, 951 F.2d 1117 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 1843, 2051 Castro-O'Ryan v. INS, 847 F.2d 1307 (9th Cir. 1987) (en banc) :: Castillo v. Rice, 581 F.Supp.2d 468 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 1331, 271, 646–47, 2112 1930, 1952, 2012, 2043 Castro-Perez v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 803 Castillo v. Ridge, 445 F.3d 1057 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1949 Castro-Pu v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 864 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 578, 1047, Castillo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 729 F.3d 296 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 376, 1784 2082 Castro Rodriguez, Matter of, see Moncrieff v. Holder Castillo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 756 F.3d 1268 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 395 Castro-Soto v. Holder, 596 F.3d 68 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1482 Castillo; U.S. v., 621 F.Supp.2d 760 (D. Ariz. 2008) :: 403 Castro-Tum, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 271 (AG 2018) :: 697, 1787, Castillo; U.S. v., 811 F.3d 342 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 454 1802, 1811 Castillo Angulo, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 194 (BIA 2018) :: 1463, Castro-Vasquez; U.S. v., 481 F.Supp.2d 664 (W.D. Tex. 2006) :: 1744 2338 Castillo-Arias v. U.S. Att'y Gen., see C-A-, Matter of CATA v. Dole, 731 F.Supp. 541 (D.D.C. 1990) :: 2021 Castillo-Basa; U.S. v., 483 F.3d 890 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 404, 409 CATA v. Perez, 13-CV-07213 (E.D. Pa. 2013) :: 1254 Castillo-Cruz v. Holder, 581 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 139–40, CATA v. Perez, 46 F.Supp.3d 550 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 1249, 1253, 1747, 1761–62 1920 Castillo-Diaz v. Holder, 562 F.3d 23 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 803, 849, CATA v. Perez, 148 F.Supp.2d 361 (D.N.J. 2015) :: 1250, 2021 1018 CATA v. Perez, 774 F.3d 173 (3d Cir. 2014) (CATA III) :: 1249, Castillo-Enriquez v. Holder, 690 F.3d 667 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 825, 2027, 2097 900–901 CATA v. Solis, 45 F.Supp.3d 477 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 1249 Castillo Ison v. INS, 308 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1393, 1404 CATA v. Solis, 933 F.Supp.2d 700 (E.D. Pa. 2013) (CATA II) :: Castillo-Manzanarez v. INS, 65 F.3d 793 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1824 1249, 1931 Castillo-Martinez; U.S. v., 378 F.Supp.3d 46 (D. Mass. 2019) :: CATA v. Solis, 2010 WL 3431761 (E.D. Pa. Aug. 30, 2010) 419 (CATA I) :: 1244, 1247–49, 1261, 1926, 2021, 2050 Castillo-Mendez; U.S. v., 868 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 402 Cathay Carpet Mills, Inc., 1987-INA-161 (1988) :: 1656 Castillo-Padilla, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 257 (BIA 2010) :: 254, Catholic Charities CYO v. Chertoff, 622 F.Supp.2d 865 (N.D. Cal. 257, 533, 1058, 1464 2008) :: 1350, 2029, 2161 Castillo-Pena; U.S. v., 674 F.3d 318 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 2339 Catholic Social Servs. v. Ashcroft, 268 F.Supp.2d 1172 (E.D. Cal. Castillo-Perez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 664 (AG 2019) :: 1731, 2002) :: 2031 1761, 2299 Catholic Social Servs. v. INS, 232 F.3d 1139 (9th Cir. 2000) (en Castillo-Perez v. INS, 212 F.3d 518 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 472, 640, banc) :: 1955, 1979, 2104–5 642, 644, 1792, 2100 Catholic Social Servs. v. Meese, 664 F.Supp. 1378 (E.D. Cal. Castillo-Rivera; U.S. v., 244 F.3d 1020 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 316 1987) and 685 F.Supp. 1149 (E.D. Cal. 1988), aff’d sub Castillo-Rivera; U.S. v., 853 F.3d 218 (5th Cir. 2017) (en banc) :: nom. CSS v. Thornburgh [and LULAC v. INS], 956 F.2d 914 146, 291, 357 (9th Cir. 1992), vacated & remanded sub nom. Reno v. Castillo-Rodriguez v. INS, 929 F.2d 181 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 1834, Catholic Social Servs., 509 U.S. 43 (1993) :: 14, 1440, 1841, 1844 1794, 1916, 2026 Castillo-Villagra v. INS, 972 F.2d 1017 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 472, 948, Catholic Social Servs. v. Napolitano, 837 F.Supp.2d 1059 (E.D. 1848, 2005, 2009 Cal. 2011) :: 2168, 2172, 2176–77 Castle v. INS, 541 F.2d 1064 (4th Cir. 1976) :: 129, 137 Catillo-Gutierrez v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 449 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1047 Castleman; U.S. v., 572 U.S. __, 134 S.Ct. 1405 (2014) :: 297, Cato v. INS, 84 F.3d 597 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 40 317–18 Catwell v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 623 F.3d 199 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 310, Castracani v. Chertoff, 377 F.Supp.2d 71 (D.D.C. 2005) :: 2031, 2286 2331 Cause of Action Inst. v. DOJ, 330 F.Supp.3d 336 (D.D.C. 2018) :: Castrejon-Colino, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 667 (BIA 2015) :: 1767 608 Castrejon-Garcia v. INS, 60 F.3d 1359 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 76, 1781, Causevic; U.S. v., 636 F.3d 998 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 435, 438, 675 2101 Caushi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 436 F.3d 220 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 1007, Castrijon-Garcia v. Holder, 704 F.3d 1205 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 133, 1034, 1039 136, 2078–80 Cavazos, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 215 (BIA 1980) :: 1475, 1785 Castro, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 379 (BIA 1996) :: 1491 Cavazos v. Wanxiang Am. Corp., 10 OCAHO no. 1138 (Apr. 27, Castro, Matter of; A43-570-146 (BIA Oct. 22, 1996) :: 723 2011) :: 2258 Castro v. Cabrera, 742 F.3d 595 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 42, 45, 484, Cawoods Produce, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 280 (June 2, 2136, 2139, 2162 2016) :: 2209–10, 2213, 2215 Castro v. DHS, 835 F.3d 422 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 245, 248, 1895, Cawoods Produce, Inc., 12 OCAHO no. 1280 (June 2, 2016) :: 1906, 1933, 1946, 1984 2216, 2226, 2228 Castro v. Holder, 340 F.App'x 410, 412 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 363, Cazares, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 188 (BIA 1996) :: 1816 449, 682 Cazares-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 152 F.3d 889 (8th Cir. 1998) :: 458 Castro v. Holder, 597 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 805, 829–30, 1030 Cazarez-Gutierrez v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 905 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Castro v. Holder, 727 F.3d 125 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1437 343, 455 Castro v. U.S., 608 F.3d 266 (5th Cir. 2010) (en banc) :: 2135 Cazorla v. Koch Foods of Mississippi, LLC, 838 F.3d 540 (5th Cir. Castro v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 671 F.3d 356 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 184 2016) :: 1355, 2254 Castro; U.S. v., 26 F.3d 557 (5th Cir. 1994) :: 391, 395 Cazun v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 856 F.3d 249 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 742, Castro; U.S. v., 607 F.3d 566 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 304 2073 Castro-Alvarado; U.S. v., 755 F.3d 472 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 388 C-B-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 888 (BIA 2012) :: 595, 597, 646, Castro-Baez v. Reno, 217 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 305 941, 1734 Castro-Cabrera; U.S. v., 534 F.Supp.2d 1156 (C.D. Cal. 2008) :: CB & I, Inc., 2015-PER-5 (Dec. 30, 2016) :: 1628 404 C-C-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 221 (BIA 1948) :: 1083 Castro-Cortez v. INS, 239 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 746, 1911, C-C-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 899 (BIA 2006) :: 970, 1024–25, 2003, 2005, 2048, 2094 1861 Castro-Espinosa v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 1130 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 337, C-C-I-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 375 (BIA 2014) :: 569, 662, 893– 346 94, 933, 946, 961 Castro Harvesting; Administrator, OFLC v., 2013-PED-2, ARB CC's Landscaping, Inc., 2019-TLN-78 (Apr. 9, 2019) :: 1264 No. 12-082 (ARB Nov. 26, 2013) :: 1237, 1242 CDI Info. Servs., Inc. v. Reno, 278 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2002) :: Castro-Lopez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 693 (BIA 2015) :: 1773 1093, 1194, 1963, 1966, 1968, 2108 Castro-Martinez v. Holder, 641 F.3d 1103 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1018 C&D Plastics, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 240 (Sept. 24, 1990) :: Castro Nuno v. INS, 577 F.2d 577 (9th Cir. 1978) :: 589 2193 2484 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Ceant v. Aventura Limousine & Transp. Serv., Inc., 874 Cervantes; U.S. v., 797 F.3d 326 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 494 F.Supp.2d 1373 (S.D. Fla. 2012) :: 2124, 2250 Cervantes-Ascencio v. INS, 326 F.3d 83 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 41, 155, Ceballos, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 765 (BIA 1979) :: 1406, 1408 473, 1735 Ceballos de Leon v. Reno, 58 F.Supp.2d 463 (D.N.J. 1999) :: Cervantes De Hernandez v. Chertoff, 368 F.Supp.2d 896 (E.D. 1937 Wis. 2005) :: 1936 Ceballos y Arboleda v. Shaughnessy, 352 U.S. 599 (1957) :: 183 Cervantes De Hernandez v. Chertoff, 368 F.Supp.2d 909 (E.D. Cecaj v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 800, 1041 Wis. 2005) :: 2090 Cece v. Holder, 733 F.3d 662 (7th Cir. 2013) (en banc) :: 816, Cervantes-Flores; U.S. v., 421 F.3d 825 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 409, 819, 823, 1019 673 Cedano-Viera v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 1062 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 303, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 560 (BIA 1999), 392, 455 aff'd, Cervantes-Gonzales v. INS, 244 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. Cedeno v. Ridge, 336 F.Supp.2d 147 (D.P.R. 2004) :: 1419, 2001) :: 162, 174, 225, 230–31, 1958 1454, 1976 Cervantes-Nava; U.S. v., 281 F.3d 501 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 404 CEI Wash. Bureau v. DOJ, 404 F.Supp.2d 172 (D.D.C. 2005) :: Cervantes Nunez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 238 (BIA 2018) :: 318, 614 324, 326, 341, 368 CEI Washington Bureau v. DOJ, 404 F.Supp.2d 172 (D.D.C. Cervantes-Torres, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 351 (BIA 1996) :: 490 2005) :: 264 Cervantez v. Whitfield, 776 F.2d 556 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 2169 Ceken v. Chertoff, 544 F.Supp.2d 211 (D. Conn. 2008) :: 1928, Cesar v. Achim, 542 F.Supp.2d 897 (E.D. Wis. 2008) :: 2139 1948, 1967 Cespedes, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 730 (BIA 1988) :: 1825 Cekic v. INS, 435 F.3d 167 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1883 Cespedes v. Lynch, 805 F.3d 1274 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 300, 2076 Celaj v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 1094 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1002 Cespedes-Acquino v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 498 F.3d 221 (3d Cir. Celeste v. Sullivan, 988 F.2d 1069 (11th Cir. 1992) :: 2167 2007) :: 1751, 1753, 1757 Celis-Castellano v. Ashcroft, 298 F.3d 888 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 722 Cessna Aircraft Co., 2012-PER-3663 (June 1, 2016) :: 1631 Celmac Tech. Servs. LLC, 2013-PER-995 (Apr. 15, 2014) :: 1631 Ceta v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 639 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 565, 588, 591, Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) :: 2123 1470, 1867, 1968 Cenatice, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 163 (BIA 1977) :: 74 Cetacean Research Inst. v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Soc'y, Cendrawasih v. Holder, 571 F.3d 128 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 870, 1007 725 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 2144 Cent. Calif. Legal Servs., Inc., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA CET Grp. USA, Inc. v. McAllenan, No. 19-11665-PBS, 2020 WL 2013) :: 653 2129703 (D.C. Mass. May 5, 2020) :: 1289 Centeno v. Shultz, 817 F.2d 1212 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 2011 Cevallos v. Ashcroft, No. 04-civ-23210-SEITZ (S.D. Fla. 2005) :: Centeno v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 441 F.3d 904 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 1437 519 Centeno-Bernuy v. Becker Farms, 546 F.Supp.2d 166 (W.D.N.Y. Cevilla v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 658 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1779, 1971, 2008) :: 2248 2115 Center for Biological Diversity v. McAleenan, 404 F.Supp.3d 218 C.F.C. v. Miami-Dade County, 349 F.Supp.3d 1236 (S.D. Fla. (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1990 2018) :: 533 Center for Constitutional Rights v. CIA, 765 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. C-G-G-, Matter of; ID# 15778 (AAO Mar. 9, 2016) :: 1533, 1536 2014) :: 612 C.G.H., In re; 75 A.3d 166 (D.C. 2013) :: 1553 Center for Nat'l Sec. Studies v. DOJ, 331 F.3d 918 (D.C. Cir. CGI Techs. & Solutions, Inc., 2017-PER-81 (Mar. 31, 2017) :: 2003) :: 264, 612 1674 The Center for Pan Asian Cmty. Servs., Inc., 2009-PER-352 C-H-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 265 (Ass't Comm. 1961) :: 276 (Aug. 31, 2009) :: 1636 Chabad v. Russian Fed'n, 915 F.Supp.2d 148 (D.D.C. 2013) :: Center for Public Integrity v. Dep't of Defense, 411 F.Supp.3d 5 2154 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 600, 603 Chabad Lubavitch Ctr., 2011-PER-2614 (July 29, 2013) :: 1624, Centex House Leveling—Austin, LLC, d/b/a Centex Found. Re- 1627 pair, 2019-TLN-99 (May 3, 2019) :: 1243 Chacku v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 555 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 592– Central Korean Evangelical Church, 1988-INA-336 (1988) :: 1691 93, 1486, 1887 Centro De Servicios Medicos De Levittown, 2011-PER-2452 Chacon-Botero v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 427 F.3d 954 (11th Cir. 2005) (Jan. 18, 2013) :: 1613 :: 1845, 1905, 1986 Centurion v. Holder, 755 F.3d 115 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 77, 1756 Chacon-Castellanos v. Reno, 943 F.Supp. 26 (D.D.C. 1996) :: Centurion v. Sessions, 860 F.3d 69 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 77, 1870, 766 2120 Chacoty v. Pompeo, 392 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1918, Century Hotels Corp. d/b/a Scottsdale Thunderbird Suites; U.S. 2281, 2334 v., 11 OCAHO no. 1218 (May 27, 2014) :: 2231 Chacoty v. Tillerson, 285 F.Supp.3d 293 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1917– Century Wilshire Hotel, 2007-INA-22 (Oct. 15, 2007) (en banc) :: 19, 2334 1670 Chadha; INS v., 462 U.S. 919 (1983) :: 40, 1911, 1913 CEO Ally, Inc., 2012-PER-1274 (May 12, 2016) :: 1665, 1697 Chae Chan Ping v. U.S., see Chinese Exclusion Case Cepeda v. INS, 273 F.Supp.2d 222 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 766 Chafin v. Chafin, 568 U.S. 165 (2013) :: 187, 2030 Cepeda-Luna; U.S. v., 989 F.2d 353 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 462 Chafin v. Chafin, 742 F.3d 934 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 189 Cepero v. BIA, 882 F.Supp. 1575 (D. Kan. 1995) :: 873, 935 Chagoya-Morales; U.S. v., 859 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 450, Ceraj v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 583 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 921 490 Cerda-Pena; U.S. v., 799 F.2d 1374 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 735 Chahid Hayek v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 501 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044 Cerda Reyes, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 528 (BIA 2015) :: 520 Chahla; U.S. v., 752 F.3d 939 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 2338 Cerezo v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 126, 132, Chai v. Carroll, 48 F.3d 1331 (4th Cir. 1995) :: 1921 136, 357 Chaib v. Ashcroft, 397 F.3d 1273 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 990, 997 Cerna, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 399 (BIA 1991) :: 1867 Chaidez v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 712, 717 Cerner Corp., 2016-PER-672 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1615 Chaidez v. U.S., 568 U.S. 342 (2013) :: 385, 2118 Ceron v. Holder, 747 F.3d 773 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc) :: 121, Chairez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 349 (BIA 2014) (Chairez I) :: 124, 132, 285 295–96, 348, 355 Cerrillo-Perez v. INS, 809 F.2d 1419 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1733, Chairez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 478 (BIA 2014) (Chairez II) :: 348 1771–72 Chairez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 819 (BIA 2016) (Chairez III) :: Certain Real Property at 2323 Charms Rd.; U.S. v., 728 F.Supp. 124–25, 294–96, 326, 348, 355, 361 1326 (E.D. Mich. 1990) :: 433 Chairez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 21 (BIA 2017) (Chairez IV) :: Cervantes, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 351 (BIA 1996) :: 484, 1781 124–25, 348, 1817 Cervantes v. Holder, 597 F.3d 229 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 900–901 Chairez v. Van Buren, 790 F.2d 544 (6th Cir. 1986) :: 2161 Cervantes v. Holder, 772 F.3d 583 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 127, 227, Chairez & Sama, Matter of: 26 I&N Dec. 796 (AG 2016) :: 348 681, 691, 2006, 2075 Chakhov v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 843 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 985, 1002 Cervantes v. Perryman, 954 F.Supp. 1257 (N.D. Ill. 1997) :: 558 TABLE OF CASES 2485

Chakir v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 563 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 664, 1012–13, Charles v. Orange County, 925 F.3d 73 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 265, 270, 1046 2130 Chakravarty v. California State Univ. Northridge & Administrator, Charleswell; U.S. v., 456 F.3d 347 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 410, 413–15 WHD, 2015-LCA-20 (Dec. 7, 2015) :: 1211, 1215–16 Charlesworth v. INS, 966 F.2d 1323 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 1834 Chalas-Zapata v. Ashcroft, 305 F.Supp.2d 333 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: Charo's Corp. d/b/a Charo's Restaurant; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 1759 467 (Oct. 27, 1992) :: 2237 Chaly-Garcia v. U.S., 508 F.3d 1201 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 904, 1775 Chartier, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 284 (BIA 1977) :: 693, 1286, Cham v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 445 F.3d 683 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 469, 661, 2112 727, 979, 1049 Charuc v. Holder, 737 F.3d 113 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1869 Chama E. Fogo LLC d/b/a Flame & Fire Brazilian Steakhouse Chatila Diamond Corp. d/b/a Blue & White, 2005-INA-145 (Sept. LLC, 2019-TLN-13 (Nov. 20, 2018) :: 1246 29, 2006) :: 1649 Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. v. Edmondson, 594 F.3d 742 Chatta v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 748 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1001 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 49, 2021, 2237 Chattler v. U.S., 632 F.3d 1324 (Fed. Cir. 2011) :: 2318 Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. v. Napolitano, 648 F.Supp.2d Chau v. DOS, 891 F.Supp. 650 (D.D.C. 1995) :: 1954, 2024 726 (D. Md. 2009) :: 2203 Chau v. INS, 247 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 575, 2283 Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. v. Reich, 74 F.3d 1322 (D.C. Chaudhry v. Holder, 705 F.3d 289 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 279, 1468, Cir. 1996) :: 1927 1489 Chamber of Commerce of the U.S. v. Whiting, 563 U.S. 582 Chaudhry v. Napolitano, 749 F.Supp.2d 1184 (E.D. Wash. 2010) (2011) :: 49, 2203–4, 2237 :: 2296 Chambers v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 445 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 276, 576, Chaudry v. Mobil Oil Corp., 186 F.3d 502 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 2252 1479, 1491, 1785 Chauhan v. Napolitano, 746 F.Supp.2d 99 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 1953 Chambers v. Office of Chief Counsel, 494 F.3d 274 (2d Cir. 2007) Chaunt v. U.S., 364 U.S. 350 (1960) :: 2322 :: 172 Chauvin, No. 88-00236-A (E.D. Va. Oct. 4; U.S. v., 1988) :: 2235 Champegnie; U.S. v., 925 F.2d 54 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 402 Chavarria v. DOJ, 722 F.2d 666 (11th Cir. 1984) :: 930, 1038 Champion v. Holder, 626 F.3d 952 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 474, 1779, Chavarria v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 508 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 1039, 1897, 1903 1838, 1843 Champion Hotels & Dev. Co. of OK, LLC, 2016-PER-480 (Jan. Chavarria v. Pompeo, 387 F.Supp.3d 753 (S.D. Tex. 2019) :: 10, 2019) :: 1647 2334 Chan v. Bell, 464 F.Supp. 125 (D.D.C. 1978) :: 1408, 1413 Chavarria v. U.S., 739 F.3d 360 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 386 Chan v. Gantner, 464 F.3d 289 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 369, 1723, 1758, Chavarria-Ortiz; U.S. v., 828 F.3d 668 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 447 2297, 2331 Chavarria-Reyes v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 275 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1994, Chan v. INS, 631 F.2d 978 (D.C. Cir. 1980) :: 1457 2087 Chan v. Reno, 113 F.3d 1068 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1481 Chavero-Linares v. Smith, 782 F.3d 1038 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 265 Chan v. USCIS, 141 F.Supp.3d 461 (W.D.N.C. 2015) :: 1330, Chavez, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 272 (BIA 2007) :: 379 1899, 1962 Chavez v. Carranza, 413 F.Supp.2d 891 (W.D. Tenn. 2005) :: Chanan Din Khan v. Barber, 253 F.2d 547 (9th Cir. 1958) :: 288 2147–48 Chancery Staffing Solutions, LLC aka Transperfect Staffing Solu- Chavez v. Carranza, 559 F.3d 486 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 2147–48, tions; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1326 (Aug. 30, 2019) :: 2265 2151 Chancery Staffing Solutions, LLC aka Transperfect Staffing Solu- Chavez v. Superior Court of Cal., 194 F.Supp.2d 1037 (C.D. Cal. tions; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1326a (Sept. 18, 2019) :: 2002) :: 396, 1938 2268 Chavez v. U.S., 499 A.2d 813 (D.C. 1985) :: 394 Chanchavac v. INS, 207 F.3d 584 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 808, 963 Chavez v. U.S., 683 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 2164 Chanco v. INS, 82 F.3d 298 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 795 Chavez-Alonso; U.S. v., 431 F.3d 726 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 412 Chandra v. Holder, 751 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 1012, 1873, Chavez-Alvarez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 274 (BIA 2014), rev'd, 1879 Chavez-Alvarez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 783 F.3d 478 (3d Cir. Chang, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 720 (BIA 1974) :: 1381 2015) :: 74, 227–28, 317, 367, 1477, 1803 Chang, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 38 (BIA 1989) :: 1024 Chavez-Alvarez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 274 (BIA 2014), rev'd, Chang, Matter of; A70 010 615 (Mar. 4, 2009) :: 230 Chavez-Alvarez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 850 F.3d 583 (3d Cir. Chang v. INS, 119 F.3d 1055 (3d Cir. 1997) :: 775, 797, 805, 832, 2017) :: 287, 320, 323, 326, 351 963, 2071 Chavez-Alvarez v. Warden, York Cnty. Prison, 783 F.3d 469 (3d Chang v. INS, 307 F.3d 1185 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 334, 363, 683 Cir. 2015) :: 517 Chang v. Reno, 986 F.Supp. 19 (D.D.C. 1997) :: 1161, 2039 Chavez-Arreaga v. INS, 952 F.2d 952 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1759 Chang v. Thornburgh, 719 F.Supp. 532 (N.D. Tex. 1989) :: 1595, Chavez-Botello; U.S. v., 905 F.2d 279 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 459 1605, 1714 Chavez-Castillo v. Holder, 771 F.3d 1081 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 485 Chang v. U.S., 327 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1585, 1593, 2003, Chavez-Chavez; U.S. v., 205 F.3d 145 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 495 2005, 2010, 2027, 2030, 2050, 2103, 2119–20 Chavez-Diaz; U.S. v., 444 F.3d 1223 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 453 Chang v. USCIS, 289 F.Supp.3d 177 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1567, 2068 Chavez-Garcia v. Sessions, 871 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 1821, Chang, 1988-INA-536 (1989) :: 1670 1828 Chang Wook Myung v. District Director of the U.S. INS, 468 F.2d Chavez-Huerto; U.S. v., 972 F.2d 1087 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 422 627 (9th Cir. 1972) :: 1789 Chavez-Mercado v. Barr, 946 F.3d 272 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 568 Chang Yang v. Lynch, 806 F.3d 713 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 1877 Chavez-Perez v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1284 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 392 Chanmouny v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 810 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 127, 134 Chavez-Ramirez v. INS, 792 F.2d 932 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1502–3, Channelview Indep. Sch. Dist., 2014-PER-698 (Apr. 20, 2018) :: 1544 1615 Chavez-Raya v. INS, 519 F.2d 397 (7th Cir. 1975) :: 671 Channer v. DHS, 527 F.3d 275 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 569, 628 Chavez-Reyes v. Holder, 741 F.3d 1 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 148 Channer v. Hall, 112 F.3d 214 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 263, 739, 2249 Chavez-Rivas v. Olsen, 194 F.Supp.2d 368 (D.N.J. 2002) :: 1939, Chanthou Hem v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 67 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 998 1942 Chao Chen v. GEO Grp., Inc., 287 F.Supp.3d 1158 (W.D. Wash. Chavez-Rivas; U.S. v., 536 F.Supp.2d 962 (E.D. Wis. 2008) :: 2017) :: 49, 263, 2237 540 Chao Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 677 F.3d 1043 (11th Cir. 2012) :: Chavez-Solis v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 331, 356 2085 Chavez-Suarez; U.S. v., 397 F.3d 1137 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 452, Chaparro-Alcantara; U.S. v., 226 F.3d 616 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 444 458 Chapinski v. Ziglar, 278 F.3d 718 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 1437, 1951, Chavez-Vasquez v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 1115 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1982 1997, 2093 Chaplain Servs., Inc., Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 578 (BIA 1996) :: Chawathe, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 369 (AAO 2010) :: 1522, 1721, 654 2294 Chappell v. Wallace, 462 U.S. 296 (1983) :: 2137 2486 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Chawla v. Holder, 599 F.3d 998 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 954, 956, 960, Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 463 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 972, 989, 996 987, 1004, 1839 Chay Ixcot v. Holder, 646 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1989–90 Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 502 F.3d 73 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1826, 2086 Chay-Velasquez v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 751 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 688, Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 513 F.3d 1255 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 780 700, 865–66, 876 Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 565 F.3d 805 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1873 Che v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 778 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 798, 1002 Chen v. USCIS, 470 F.3d 509 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1837 Checknan v. McElroy, 313 F.Supp.2d 270 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 578, Chen; U.S. v., 2 F.3d 330 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 43, 505 1784, 1950 Chen; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1092 (2003) :: 2212 Chedad v. Gonzales, 497 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1471, 1719, Chen; U.S. v., 439 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 497 1737, 1787, 1866 Chenery, see SEC v. Chenery Corp. Chedad v. Holder, 573 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1882 Cheng v. Ilchert, 698 F.Supp. 825 (N.D. Cal. 1988) :: 935 Cheema v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 848 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 195, 852, Cheng Fan Kwok v. INS, 392 U.S. 206 (1968) :: 1913 877, 2064, 2066 Cheng Ke Chen v. Holder, 783 F.Supp.2d 1183 (N.D. Ala. 2011) Cheema v. Holder, 693 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 918 :: 750 Chef Rayko, Inc.; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 794 (1995) :: 2217 Cheng Tong Wang v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 451 (2d Cir. 2006) :: Chef Rayko, Inc.; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 794 (Sept. 29, 1995) :: 980, 982, 999 2228 Chen Qin v. Lynch, 833 F.3d 40 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1043 Chehade Refai v. Lazaro, 614 F.Supp.2d 1103 (D. Nev. 2009) :: Chen's Wilmington, Inc., d/b/a Hibachi Grill Supreme Buffett Res- 45, 265, 502, 2135, 2139, 2164 taurant; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1241 (Jan. 16, 2015) :: Chehazeh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 666 F.3d 118 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1870, 2236 1901, 1912, 1914–15, 1919, 2042–43 Chen Zhou Chih v. Carroll, 48 F.3d 1331 (4th Cir. 1995) :: 74 Che-Li Shen v. INS, 749 F.2d 1469 (10th Cir. 1984) :: 1914 Cheo v. INS, 162 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 696, 855 Chelladurai v. Infinite Solutions, Inc., 2003-LCA-72 (ARB Apr. 26, Cherichel v. Holder, 591 F.3d 1002 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 882 2006) :: 1200 Cherku v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 662 F.3d 198 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1481 Chellen v. John Pickle Co., 446 F.Supp.2d 1247 (N.D. Okla. Chernosky v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 923 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 186, 439 2006) :: 2249 Cheromiah; U.S. v., 455 F.3d 1216 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 495 Chemical Abstracts Serv., 2011-PER-1393 (Apr. 11, 2013) :: Cheruku v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 662 F.3d 198 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 159, 1633 161, 1482, 1792, 1817 Chemical Abstracts Serv., a Div. of the ACS, 2011-PER-2787 Chery v. Ashcroft, 347 F.3d 404 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 323 (Aug. 17, 2015) :: 1629 Cheshire v. Cheshire, 2006 WL 1208010 (M.D. Fla. May 4, 2006) Chemical Found.; U.S. v., 272 U.S. 1 (1926) :: 686 :: 115–16 Chen, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 16 (BIA 1989) :: 836, 844, 936, Chete Juarez v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 721 1006 Chettiar v. Holder, 665 F.3d 1375 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1394 Chen v. Aitken, 917 F.Supp.2d 1013 (N.D. Cal. 2013) :: 549 Cheuk Fung S-Yong v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1028 (9th Cir. 2009, Chen v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 611 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 987, 997, 1049 amended 2010) :: 145, 290, 307, 359 Chen v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 215 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1027 Cheung v. Holder, 678 F.3d 66 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1746 Chen v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 221 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 481, 799, 1027, Cheung v. INS, 418 F.2d 460 (D.C. Cir. 1969) :: 631, 939 2074 Chevron Corp v. Ecuador, 795 F.3d 200 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 1299 Chen v. BIA, 164 F.Supp.3d 612 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 1405, 2071 Chevron Oil v. Huson, 404 U.S. 97 (1971) :: 2120 Chen v. BIA, 435 F.3d 141 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 999 Chevron USA v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 467 U.S. Chen v. BIA, 461 F.3d 153 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 959–60, 993 837 (1984) :: 349, 828, 919, 1392, 2067 Chen v. California Inv. Immigr. Fund, LLC, No. CV 17-7149-MWF Chew, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 262 (BIA 1982) :: 521 (RAOx) (CD Cal. Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1594 Chew v. Boyd, 309 F.2d 857 (9th Cir. 1962) :: 677 Chen v. DOJ, 417 F.3d 303 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1026 Chew v. Rogers, 257 F.2d 607 (D.C. Cir. 1958) :: 273 Chen v. DOJ, 426 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 960, 2097 Chew Hoeng v. U.S., 112 U.S. 536 (1884) :: 2119 Chen v. DOJ, 471 F.3d 315 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 991, 999, 1050, Chew-Villasana v. INS, 506 U.S. 910 (1992) :: 2099 1778, 1898, 1903, 1905–6, 1986 Chhetry v. DOJ, 490 F.3d 196 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 949, 1848 Chen v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 151 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1865, 1876, Chhoeun v. Marin, 306 F.Supp.3d 1147 (C.D. Cal. 2018) :: 765, 1884 1980 Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 964, 1010 Chi, In re; No. 3-18121, 2017 WL 3600746 (SEC Aug. 21, 2017) Chen v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 110 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 999 :: 1592 Chen v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 707 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 982, 996 Chiang v. Skeirik, 529 F.Supp.2d 166 (D. Mass. 2007), aff'd, 582 Chen v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 212 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 957, 971, 992, F.3d 238 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 2134, 2140 1044, 1051, 1721, 1989, 2064 Chiang v. Skeirik, 582 F.3d 238 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1331, 1462, Chen v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 76 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1856 2011 Chen v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 468 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 994 Chiao Fang Ku v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 912 F.3d 133 (3d Cir. 2019) :: Chen v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 670 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1027 140, 229, 334 Chen v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 1131 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 969, 1013, Chiaramonte v. INS, 626 F.2d 1093 (2d Cir. 1980) :: 389 1045 Chiayu Chang v. USCIS, 254 F.Supp.3d 160 (D.D.C. 2017) :: Chen v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 758 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 863, 1025, 2050 1873, 1877, 1879 Chibwe v. Holder, 569 F.3d 818 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1047 Chen v. Holder, 578 F.3d 515 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 660 Chicago, City of, v. Barr, 957 F.3d 772 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 56, 1954 Chen v. Holder, 604 F.3d 324 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1026 Chicago, City of, v. Sessions, 888 F.3d 272 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 56 Chen v. INS, 87 F.3d 5 (1st Cir. 1996) :: 1843 Chicago, City of, v. Shalala, 189 F.3d 598 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 1511 Chen v. INS, 95 F.3d 801 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1024 Chicago Laser Sys., 1988-INA-10 (1988) :: 1661 Chen v. INS, 195 F.3d 198 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 847, 1024 Chicas; Commonwealth v., 114 N.E.3d 975, 979-80 (Mass. 2019) Chen v. INS, 266 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2001), vacated by 537 U.S. :: 2254 1016 (2002), but reinstated as to credibility issue, 326 F.3d Chichakli v. Tillerson, 882 F.3d 229 (D.C. Cir. 2018) :: 620 1316 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 987 Chickwendu v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 142 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 473, Chen v. INS, 344 F.3d 272 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 974, 1000 2048 Chen v. Mukasey, 510 F.3d 797 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1002 Chike v. INS, 948 F.2d 961 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 47, 469, 1828 Chen v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 1029 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1864, 1873 Chikkeur v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 1381 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 808, 834, Chen v. Rodriguez, 200 F.Supp.3d 174 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 1479, 1044 1910 Children's Big Apple, 2012-PER-700 (Mar. 7, 2016) :: 1689–90 Chen v. Slattery, 842 F.Supp. 597 (D.D.C. 1994) :: 2176 Children's Hospital Corp., 2011-PER-1338 (Nov. 15, 2011) :: Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 454 F.3d 103 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 999 1680 TABLE OF CASES 2487

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2015-PER-44 (June 25, Chowdhury v. Worldtel Bangladesh Holding, Ltd., 746 F.3d 42 (2d 2019) :: 1652 Cir. 2014) :: 2146–49 Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Inc. v. Azar, 896 F.3d Chreng v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 841, 843 615 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 1921 Christensen v. Harris Cnty., 529 U.S. 576 (2000) :: 2067–68, Children's Med. Ctr. of Dallas v. INS, No. 3-87-2330-T (N.D. Tex. 2077–78 1988) :: 1181 Christianburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412 (1978) :: 2275 Chiles v. Thornburgh, 865 F.2d 1197 (11th Cir. 1988) :: 258, Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403 (2002) :: 2139 2026, 2034 Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp., 567 U.S. 142 (2012) :: Chiles v. U.S., 69 F.3d 1094 (11th Cir. 1995) :: 2034, 2042 2068, 2081 Chin, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 240 (BIA 1967) :: 1382 Christopher; U.S. v., 239 F.3d 1191 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 369, 456 Chinchilla-Jimenez v. INS, 226 F.Supp.2d 680 (E.D. Pa. 2002) :: Christo's Inc., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 537 (AAO 2015) :: 1416, 874, 888 1419 The Chinese Exclusion Case (Chae Chan Ping v. U.S.), 130 U.S. Chromato Chem, 1988-INA-8 (Jan. 12, 1989) :: 1701 581 (1889) :: 37, 39 Chrzanoski v. Ashcroft, 327 F.3d 188 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 319, 321, Ching, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 710 (BIA 1968) :: 472, 628, 1721, 324, 468 1782 Chu, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 881 (RC 1966) :: 1542 Ching v. Mayorkas, 725 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 48, 471, Chu, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 241 (RC 1972) :: 1367 1419, 1453, 1727 Chu; U.S. v., 5 F.3d 1244 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 434 Ching & Chen, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 203 (BIA 1984) :: 68 Chuang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 382 F.3d 1299 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 302 Ching Yee Wong v. Napolitano, 654 F.Supp.2d 1184 (D. Or. Chuen Piu Kwong v. Holder, 671 F.3d 872 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 679 2009) :: 1186, 2018, 2027, 2029 Chukwu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 484 F.3d 185 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 955, Chintakuntla v. INS, No. C 99-5211 MMC (N.D. Cal. May 4, 2000) 993, 2046 :: 1531 Chukwurah v. U.S., 813 F.Supp. 161 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 1940 Chin Yow v. U.S., 208 U.S. 8 (1908) :: 46, 272 Chun v. Powell, 223 F.Supp.2d 204 (D.D.C. 2002) :: 2012, 2026 Chiquita Brands Intern, Inc., In re; 190 F.Supp.3d 1100 (S.D. Fla. Chun v. Sava, 708 F.2d 869 (2d Cir. 1983) :: 941 2016) :: 2147 Chung, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 681 (RC 1976) :: 1303 Chirino-Alvarez; U.S. v., 615 F.3d 1344 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 448, Chung v. INS, 662 F.Supp. 474 (W.D. Wash. 1987) :: 1093, 1305, 457 1916 Chirinos, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 276 (BIA 1977) :: 520 Chung v. Reno, see Yang v. Maugans Chiu v. U.S., 948 F.2d 711 (Fed. Cir. 1991) :: 2176 Chung v. Smith, 640 F.Supp. 1065 (S.D.N.Y. 1986) :: 1051 Chlomos v. INS, 516 F.2d 310 (3d Cir. 1975) :: 585, 941 Chung Hak Hong v. USCIS, 662 F.Supp.2d 1195 (C.D. Cal. Cho v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 96 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1396, 1402, 1967 2009) :: 635, 1457, 1603, 1607, 1727, 1926, 1969, 2061 The Choate Rosemary Hall Found., Inc., 2012-PER-3326 (Oct. Chung Hou Hsiao v. Hazuda, 98 F.Supp.3d 1093 (C.D. Cal. 23, 2019) :: 1639 2015) :: 1484 Chocallo, Matter of; 2 MSPB 23 (1978), aff'd, 2 MSPB 20 (1980) Chung Hou Hsiao v. Hazuda, 869 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2017) :: :: 726 1483, 2068 Chocho v. Shanahan, 308 F.Supp.772, 774 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: Chung Song Ja Corp. v. USCIS, 96 F.Supp.3d 1191 (W.D. Wash. 2029 2015) :: 1180, 1185–86 Choctaw Nation Health Ctr., 2015-PER-490 (Jan. 17, 2018) :: Chun Hua Zheng v. Holder, 666 F.3d 1064 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 833, 1635 1024 Choe v. INS, 11 F.3d 925 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1091, 1496 Chun Lin Zhang; U.S. v., 358 F.Supp.3d 157 (D. Mass. 2018) :: Choeum v. INS, 129 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 1997) :: 322, 371, 567, 576, 402 879, 1900, 1960 Chun Sui Yuan v. Lynch, 827 F.3d 648 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 995 Choge v. Lynch, 806 F.3d 438 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 589 Chun Xin Chi v. Holder, 606 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 477, 1471, Choi v. INS, 798 F.2d 1189 (8th Cir. 1986) :: 2046–47 1720, 1859, 1885, 1958, 1973, 2057, 2060 Choin v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1330, 1474, Chupina v. Holder, 570 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1910 2080 Church of Scientology v. U.S., 506 U.S. 9 (1992) :: 2031 Choizilme v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 886 F.3d 1016 (11th Cir. 2018) :: Church of Scientology Int'l, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 593 (Comm. 312 1988) :: 1281, 1286 Chong, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 793 (DD 1968) :: 1156 Churchwell; U.S. v., 807 F.3d 107 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 438 Chong v. Director, USIA, 821 F.2d 171 (3d Cir. 1987) :: 1161, Chursov v. Miller, No. 18-cv-2886, 2019 WL 2085199 (S.D.N.Y. 2042 May 15, 2019) :: 1520–21 Chong v. District Director, INS, 264 F.3d 378 (3d Cir. 2001) :: Chursov v. Miller, No. 18-cv-2886 (PKC), 2019 WL 5092007 874, 1816, 1939, 2030, 2038, 2091 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 11, 2019) :: 2171 Chong Shin Chen v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Chuyon Yon Hong v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1814 486 Chong Toua Vue v. Barr, 953 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 1869, Ciambelli v. Johnson, 12 F.2d 465 (D. Mass. 1926) :: 135 2042 Cifuentes Ruiz v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 661 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 1437 Chookhae v. INS, 756 F.2d 1350 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1889 Cimmaron Realty Trust, 1981-INA-71 (DOL 1981) :: 1665 Chopra v. U.S. Professionals, LLC, No. W2004-01189-COA-R3- Cinapian v. Holder, 567 F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 587, 662, CV, 22 IER Cases 724, 2005 WL 280346 (Tenn. App. Feb. 674, 961, 1722 2, 2005) :: 2253 Cincinnati Bar Assn. v. Massengale, 568 N.E.2d 1222 (Ohio Chou v. INS, 774 F.2d 1318 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 2029 1991) :: 652 Chouchkov v. INS, 220 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 836 Cinelease Inc. and Studio Transp. Drivers Local 399 of the Int'l Chouinard, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 839 (BIA 1966) :: 138 Bhd. of Teamsters, Nos. 31-CA-166005, 31-CA-167675 Chouliaris, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 169 (BIA 1977) :: 1739, 1829 (ALJ July 19, 2017) and 31-RC-164872 (Sept. 21, 2017) :: Chow, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 647 (BIA), aff'd, Chow v. INS, 12 2246 F.3d 34 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 295 Cinetic Dyag Corp., 2010-PER-1126 (Oct. 27, 2010) :: 1615, Chow, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 647 (BIA 1993), aff'd, Chow v. INS, 1620 12 F.3d 34 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 585 Cingari; U.S. v., 952 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 457 Chowdhury v. Ashcroft, 241 F.3d 848 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 1832, Cinto-Velasquez v. Lynch, 817 F.3d 602 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 817, 1865 826 Chowdhury v. INS, 249 F.3d 970 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 315, 576, 2071 Cintron, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 9 (BIA 1976) :: 1446 Chowdhury; U.S. v., 169 F.3d 402 (6th Cir. 1999) :: 178, 434, Cintron v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 882 F.3d 1380 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 308, 1420 351 Chowdhury v. Worldtel Bangladesh Holding, Ltd., 588 F.Supp.2d Ciorba v. Ashcroft, 323 F.3d 539 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 475, 728, 791 375 (E.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 2143 Cipriano v. INS, 24 F.3d 763 (5th Cir. 1994) :: 1770, 1781 2488 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Circu v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc) :: 949, Clow v. Nelson, 579 F.Supp. 981 (W.D.N.Y. 1984) :: 1950 1848 C-M-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 487 (BIA 1961) :: 133 Circuit City Stores v. Adams, 532 U.S. 105 (2001) :: 2115 CMB Export, LLC, Patrick Hogan, In re; 2018 WL 4537230 (SEC Cisco Sys., Inc., 2011-PER-2900 (Apr. 26, 2013) :: 1648, 1655, Sept. 21, 2018) :: 1589 1692 CMS, Matter of; Decision No. 90-12 (Board of Appellate Review Cisco Sys., Inc., 2012-PER-1179 (June 9, 2016) :: 1618 July 5, 1990) :: 2329 Cisco Sys., Inc., 2012-PER-2918 (Feb. 28, 2017) :: 1641 Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers & Professors v. Bush, 310 F.3d 1153 Cisco Sys., Inc., 2013-PER-2147 (Jan. 31, 2019) :: 1677 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2022 Cisco Sys., Inc., 2014-PER-41 (Mar. 23, 2018) :: 1698 Coastal Pipeline Production of New York v. Gonzales, No. 04 Civ. Cisneros, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 668 (BIA 2004) :: 1747, 1783 8252 (DF), 2006 WL 473883 (S.D.N.Y Feb. 27, 2006) :: Cisneros v. Aragon, 485 F.3d 1226 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 2143 1712 Cisneros v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 857 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 225, 2075 Coastal Pipeline Production of New York v. Gonzales, No. 04- Cisneros; U.S. v., 328 F.3d 610 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 1899, 2041 Civ-8252 (DF) (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 27, 2006) :: 1673 Cisneros-Guerrerro v. Holder, 774 F.3d 1056 (5th Cir. 2014) :: Cobo-Cobo; U.S. v., 873 F.3d 613 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 496, 501 128, 137 Cobourne v. INS, 779 F.2d 1564 (11th Cir. 1986) :: 636 Cisneros-Perez v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 386 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 298, Cody v. Caterisano, 631 F.3d 136 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 2172 364 Coelho, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 464 (BIA 1992) :: 1831, 1838 Cisneros-Resendiz; U.S. v., 656 F.3d 1015 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 418 Coelho v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 104 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 181, 1419 Cisneros-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 813 F.3d 748 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 414 Coelho v. Sessions, 864 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 129 Citino, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 427 (BIA 1967) :: 1392 Coeur; U.S. v., 196 F.3d 1344 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 408 Citizens for Responsibility v. DOJ, 142 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council, 2015) :: 2179 557 U.S. 261 (2009) :: 2067 Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington v. Federal Coffman, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 206 (DAC 1969) :: 1156 Election Comm'n, 711 F.3d 180 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 599 Cognizant Tech. Solutions U.S. Corp., 2011-PER-1697 (2012) :: Citizens Responsibility v. DOJ, 922 F.3d 480 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 1616, 1624 611 Cognizant Tech. Solutions U.S. Corp., 2012-PER-3285 (Dec. 16, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402 2016) :: 1688, 1711 (1971) :: 2044–45, 2047, 2050, 2052 Cognizant Tech. Solutions U.S. Corp., 2013-PER-1448, et al (372 Citizens United v. FEC, 558 U.S. 310 (2010) :: 42 cases) (Sept. 29, 2016) :: 1618, 1635, 1642 City of, see name of city Cogsdale Support Ltd, 2012-PER-941 (Jan. 27, 2015) :: 1637 C-J-H-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 284 (BIA 2014) :: 1054, 1062, Cohen, In re; 40 A.D.3d 61 (1st Dep't 2007) :: 655 1805 Cohen v. Cohen, 858 F.3d 1130 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 189 C.J.L.G. v. Barr, 923 F.3d 622 (9th Cir. 2019) (en banc) :: 587, Cohen v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 238 F.Supp.3d 71 (D.D.C. 597, 703, 1554 2017) :: 2158 C-K-D-, Matter of; ID# 220146 (AAO May 2, 2017) :: 1538 Coiffures by Aliano, Inc., 2009-PER-408 (Apr. 14, 2010) :: 1669 Clahar, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 1981) :: 1376–77, 2284–85 Cojocari v. Sessions, 863 F.3d 616 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 665, 956, Clapper v. Amnesty Int'l, 568 U.S. 398 (2013) :: 2023 973, 975, 980, 987, 992, 994 The Clariden Sch., 2011-PER-2857 (Jan. 30, 2014) :: 1615, 1708 Colaianni v. INS, 490 F.3d 185 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1998, 2008, 2283 Clark v. Martinez, 543 U.S. 371 (2005) :: 45, 74, 256, 260–61, Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 666, 884, 890 277, 548, 748, 751, 753, 759, 2030, 2115 Cole v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 712 F.3d 517 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 317, 367, Clark v. Orabona, 59 F.2d 187 (1st Cir. 1932) :: 132 374, 380, 589, 874, 883, 2037 Clark v. Smith, 967 F.2d 1329 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 260 Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722 (1991) :: 641 Clark; U.S. v., 582 F.3d 607 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 443 Coleman v. U.S., 454 F.Supp.2d 757 (N.D. Ill. 2006) :: 482, 1980, Clarke v. Holder, 767 F.Supp.2d 106 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 1952, 2017, 2017 2019 Coletti, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 551 (BIA 1965) :: 1408 Clarke v. Kuplinski, 184 F.Supp.3d 255 (E.D. Va. 2016) :: 752 Colima-Monge; U.S. v., 978 F.Supp. 941 (D. Or. 1997) :: 617 Clarke v. Securities Indus. Assoc., 479 U.S. 388 (1987) :: 2016– Colindres-Aguilar v. INS, 819 F.2d 259 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 589, 640, 17 2041 Clarke; U.S. v., 312 F.3d 1343 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 405, 408 Collado-Munoz, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1061 (BIA 1997) :: 76, Clarke; U.S. v., 628 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 443, 489, 652, 253, 286, 2075 2326, 2329 Collett v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 362 Clarke; U.S. v., 628 F.Supp.2d 15 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 2317, 2339 F.Supp.2d 230 (D.D.C. 2005) :: 2148 Clarke; U.S. v., 822 F.3d 1213 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 380 Colley, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 117 (Comm. 1981) :: 1293 Clarkston Med. Grp., 1987-INA-718 (1988) :: 1656 Collins v. USCIS, 820 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 2316 Claudio v. Holder, 601 F.3d 316 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 1995 Collins v. Youngblood, 497 U.S. 37 (1990) :: 478 Clavis v. Ashcroft, 281 F.Supp.2d 490 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 571, Collins Food Int'l, Inc. v. INS, 948 F.2d 549 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2196 1755–56, 1793, 1942 Collymore v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 139 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 145 Cleanex House Cleaning Serv., Inc., 2003-INA-208 (Sept. 7, Colmenar v. INS, 210 F.3d 967 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 472, 1725, 2050, 2004) :: 1686 2096 Clean Sweep Janitor Serv.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1226 (June Colon v. Majory Perry Street Corp., 987 F.Supp.2d 451 (S.D.N.Y. 26, 2014) :: 2226 2013) :: 2248 Clear Creek Indep. Sch. Dist., 2014-PER-1031 (July 22, 2016) :: Colorado ex rel. Suthers v. Gonzales, 558 F.Supp.2d 1158 (D. 1615 Colo. 2007) :: 2018, 2027, 2034, 2043 Clearstream Banking S.A., 2009-PER-15 (Mar. 30, 2010) :: 1630 Colvin v. Syrian Arab Republic, 363 F.Supp.3d 141 (D.D.C. 2019) Clearstructure Fin. Tech. LLC, 2016-PER-775 (Mar. 10, 2017) :: :: 2159 1660, 1669, 1698 Comité de Apoyo a Los Trabajadores Agricolas, see CATA Cleavinger v. Saxner, 474 U.S. 193 (1985) :: 731, 2164 Commerce, Dep't of v. New York, 139 S.Ct. 2551 (2019) :: 2041, Clemente-Giron v. Holder, 556 F.3d 658 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1002 2049–50 Clerveaux v. Searls, 397 F.Supp.3d 299 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 246, Commercial Cleaning Servs., LLC v. Colin Serv. Sys., Inc., 271 253–54 F.3d 374 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 443, 2255 Cleveland v. QuikCAT.com Inc., 2003-LCA-19 (June 9, 2005) :: Comm. for Immigr. Rights v. County of Sonoma, 644 F.Supp.2d 1212 1177 (N.D. Cal. 2009) :: 2140 Cleveland, 2012-PER-2811 (May 12, 2014) :: 1665 Commissioner v. Keystone Consolidated Indus. Inc., 508 U.S. Cleveland Municipal Sch. Dist., Matter of; LIN 06-041-51409 152 (1993) :: 2110 (AAO May 13, 2008) :: 1543, 1850 Commissioner, INS, see other party Clifton v. Holder, 598 F.3d 486 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 587, 1478, 1866 Commissioner of Corr. v. Freedom of Info. Comm'n, 52 A.3d 636 Clinton; U.S. v., 653 F.Supp.2d 446 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 413 (Conn. 2012) :: 264 TABLE OF CASES 2489

Committee for Immigr. Rights v. County of Sonoma, 644 Continental Airlines, Inc., 2011-PER-696 (Oct. 12, 2012) :: 1665, F.Supp.2d 1177 (N.D. Cal. 2009) :: 534, 1980, 2020, 2024, 1698 2123, 2137, 2141 Continental Grain Co., Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 140 (DD 1972) :: Committee of Central Am. Refugees v. INS, 795 F.2d 1434 (9th 1282 Cir.), modified, 807 F.2d 769 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 271, 647, Continental PET Techs., Inc. v. Palacias, 604 S.E.2d 627 (Ga. Ct. 940 App. 2004) :: 2251 Commonwealth v., see other party Continental Sys. USA, Inc., 2009-PER-441 (Apr. 7, 2010) :: 1687 Commonwealth Utilities Corp. v. Johnson, 245 F.Supp.3d 1239 Contract Interiors, Inc., 2010-PER-993 (July 28, 2011) :: 1709 (D. N. Mar. I. 2017) :: 1923, 2044 Contreras, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 30 (BIA 1981) :: 172 Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula, 1997-INA-331 Contreras v. Cascade Fruit Co., 9 OCAHO no. 1090 (Feb. 4, (June 30, 1998) :: 1656 2003) :: 2274 Community II d/b/a Di Benedetto Heating & Air Conditioning Contreras v. Corinthian Vigor Ins. Brokerage, Inc., 103 F.Supp.2d Corp., 2011-PER-2037 (July 1, 2013) :: 1621 1180 (N.D. Cal. 2000) :: 2249 Community Refugee & Immigr. Servs. v. Petit, 393 F.Supp.3d Contreras v. Holder, 754 F.3d 286 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 302–3, 350, 728 (S.D. Ohio 2019) :: 53, 1513 358 Comollari v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 694 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 881, 2046 Contreras v. Schiltgen, 122 F.3d 30 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1945 Compagnie Generale Transatlantique; People v., 107 U.S. 59 Contreras v. Schiltgen, 151 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 382 (1883) :: 37 Contreras v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 665 F.3d 578 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 473, Compean, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 51 (BIA 1995) :: 223 631, 633, 635 Compean, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 710 (BIA 2009) :: 634 Contreras; U.S. v., 63 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 422 Compean, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 1 (AG 2009) (Compean II) :: Contreras-Aragon v. INS, 852 F.2d 1088 (9th Cir. 1988) (en banc) 634, 2121 :: 1740, 2039 Compere v. Nielsen, 358 F.Supp.3d 170 (D.N.H. 2019) :: 765, Contreras-Bocanegra v. Holder, 678 F.3d 811 (10th Cir. 2012) 1896, 1933, 1981, 1983 (en banc) :: 1863, 2070, 2072 Compere v. Riordan, 368 F.Supp.3d 164 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 764 Contreras-Buenfil v. INS, 712 F.2d 401 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 231, Compere v. Riordan, 374 F.Supp.3d 163 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 1951 1782 Component Manufacturing Co, 2018-TLN-109 (Apr. 20, 2018) :: Contreras-Hernandez; U.S. v., 628 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1245 454 Comprehensive Health Management, Inc., 2015-PER-583 (Jan. Contreras Palacios; U.S. v., 492 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 400 23, 2019) :: 1643 Contreras-Rodriguez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 462 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. Compton; U.S. v., 830 F.3d 55 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 494 2006) :: 710, 716, 1828, 1862, 1879 Computech Int'l, 1994-INA-43 (Feb. 26, 1996) :: 1619, 1627 Contreras-Salinas v. Holder, 585 F.3d 710 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1396, Computer Sciences Corp., 2012-PER-642 (July 9, 2015) :: 1624 1961 Conca D'Oro, 2011-PER-2964 (June 5, 2014) :: 1615 Contrerras Aybar v. Secretary, DHS, 916 F.3d 270 (3d Cir. 2018) Conceiro v. Marks, 360 F.Supp. 454 (S.D.N.Y. 1973) :: 258 :: 1359 Concepcion, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 10 (BIA 1976) :: 1416 Cook v. Cook, 473 B.R. 468 (M.D. Fla. 2012) :: 115 Concepcion v. CBP, 907 F.Supp.2d 133 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 606, Cook County v. McAleenan, 417 F.Supp.3d 1008 (N.D. Ill. 2019) 613 :: 99 Concepcion; U.S. v., 795 F.Supp. 1262 (E.D.N.Y. 1992) :: 142, Cook County v. Wolf, 962 F.3d 208 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 99 398 Cooke v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 899 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 841, 965, Concrete Form Walls, Inc., 346 NLRB 831, 835 (2006) :: 2244 1014 Concrete Pipe & Prods. of Cal. Inc. v. Constr. Laborers Pension Cooper v. Fed. Reserve Bank of Richmond, 467 U.S. 867 (1984) Trust for So. Cal., 508 U.S. 602 (1993) :: 2051 :: 2234, 2271 Conde Cuatzo v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 153 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 997 Cooper; U.S. v., 926 F.3d 718 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 443, 1153 Conde, Inc., 1987-INA-598 (1987) :: 1666 Cooper Butt, ex rel. Q.T.R. v. Barr, 954 F.3d 901 (6th Cir. 2020) :: Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 809, 482 818, 826, 1048, 2099 Cooper City Church of God, 2013-Per-594 (June 8, 2017) :: 1660 Conejo-Bravo v. Sessions, 875 F.3d 890 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 125, Cooper Roofing & Solar, 2018-TLN-56 (Feb. 15, 2018) :: 1247 132 Coopers & Lybrand, 1992-INA-240 (July 26, 1993) :: 1666 Congregation of the Passion v. Johnson, 79 F.Supp.3d 855 (N.D. Copeland, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 788 (Comm. 1988) :: 2294 Ill. 2015) :: 1545 Copeland; U.S. v., 369 F.Supp.2d 275 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 416 Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957) :: 2123 Copeland; U.S. v., 376 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 47, 413–15, 419, Conn. Bd. of Pardons v. Dumschat, 452 U.S. 458 (1981) :: 1727 477, 637, 1725, 2010 Connecticut Bd. of Pardons v. Dumschat, 452 U.S. 458 (1981) :: Coque v. Wildflower Estates Devs., Inc., 867 N.Y.S.2d 158 (App. 478 Div. 2008) :: 2253 Connelly, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 156 (BIA 1984) :: 74, 1478, Coquico v. Lynch, 789 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 136 1791 Corado v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 945 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 799 Connolly; U.S. v., 552 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 2279 Corado-Arriaza v. Lynch, 844 F.3d 74 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 485–87, Connors; U.S. v., 441 F.3d 527 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 438 497 Conoho Farms, Inc., 2018-TLC-6 (Jan. 3, 2018) :: 1231 Corado-Rodriguez v. INS, 828 F.2d 622 (9th Cir.), amended and Consola v. Karnuth, 108 F.2d 178 (2d Cir. 1939) :: 567 superseded, 841 F.2d 865 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 646 Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197 (1938) :: 2063 Coraggioso v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 730 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1436 Constant v. Barr, 409 F.Supp.3d 159 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 260, Cordero-Garcia, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 652 (BIA 2019) :: 339, 517, 546 1847, 2119, 2122 Constanza v. Holder, 647 F.3d 749 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 826 Cordero-Trejo v. INS, 40 F.3d 482 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 948, 992, Constanza-Martinez v. Holder, 739 F.3d 1100 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1015, 1048 475, 700, 728 Cordin Co.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1162 (Dec. 7, 2012) :: 2236 Construction & Design v. USCIS, 563 F.3d 593 (7th Cir. 2009) :: Cordoba v. Barr, 962 F.3d 479 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 823 1607, 2025 Cordoba v. Holder, 726 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 823, 884 Construction Pros Corp., 2007-PER-77 (Dec. 18, 2007) :: 1623, Cordoba-Chaves v. INS, 946 F.2d 1244 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1835 1632 Cordova, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 966 (BIA 1999) :: 597, 1734–35 Construction Rent-a-Fence, Inc., 2018-TLN-172 (Oct. 3, 2018) :: Cordova v. Holder, 759 F.3d 332 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 818, 823, 831, 1244 2045 Conteh v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 341, 346, 363– Cordova-Arevalo; U.S. v., 456 F.3d 1229 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 343, 64, 366, 680–81, 683, 1036, 1404, 1868, 1874, 1885, 1904, 400, 450 1958–59 Cordova-Soto v. Holder, 659 F.3d 1029 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 741, 1464, 1990 2490 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Cordova-Soto v. Holder, 732 F.3d 789 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 741, Cortez-Pineda v. Holder, 610 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 651, 1845, 2093 1774 Cordova-Soto; U.S. v., 804 F.3d 714 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 417 Cortina-Chavez v. Sessions, 894 F.3d 865 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1823, Cores; U.S. v., 356 U.S. 405 (1958) :: 407 1857 Core Solutions, Inc., 2010-PER-1013 (Aug. 22, 2011) :: 1617, Cosa v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 989, 1012 1647 Cosmetic Specialties, Inc., 1993-INA-161 (June 2, 1994) :: 1666 Coriolan v. INS, 559 F.2d 993 (5th Cir. 1977) :: 797, 2099 Cosmos Found., Inc., 2012-PER-1637 (Aug. 4, 2016) :: 1635, Cormia v. Home Care Giver Servs., Inc. a/k/a Home Care One, 1690 10 OCAHO no. 1160 (Nov. 16, 2012) :: 2262 Cosmos Found., Inc., 2013-PER-80 (Mar. 31, 2017) :: 1697 Cornejo v. County of San Diego, 504 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Cospito v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 539 F.3d 166 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 569, 736, 2130, 2161 724, 1971 Cornejo-Barreto v. Seifert, 218 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 881, Costa v. Holder, 611 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 323 907, 1927, 2044, 2115 Costa v. Holder, 733 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 815, 823, 886 Cornejo-Villagrana v. Sessions, 912 F.3d 479 (9th Cir. 2019) :: Costa v. INS, 233 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 554, 571, 1793 297 Costello v. INS, 376 U.S. 120 (1964), rev'g on other grounds Mat- Cornerstone Wealth Management, LLC, 2017-PER-133 (Aug. 30, ter of C-, 9 I&N Dec. 524 (BIA 1962) :: 288, 576, 2329 2018) :: 1695 Costello v. U.S., 365 U.S. 265 (1961) :: 2326 Corniel-Rodriguez v. INS, 532 F.2d 301 (2d Cir. 1976) :: 570, Costello; U.S. v., 666 F.3d 1040 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 428 1455, 1794 Cota-Vargas, Matter of, See Thomas & Thompson (27 I&N Dec. Corning Sav. & Loan Ass'n v. Fed Home Loan Bank Bd., 562 674) F.Supp. 279 (E.D. Ark. 1983) :: 1920 Coto, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 740 (BIA 1971) :: 1056–57 Coronado v. Holder, 759 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 291, 352, Cotterman; U.S. v., 709 F.3d 52 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc) :: 504 358, 364, 470, 679 Cottone v. Reno, 193 F.3d 550 (D.C. Cir. 1999) :: 611 Coronado-Cura; U.S. v., 713 F.3d 597 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 324 Cottone; U.S. v., 244 F.Supp.2d 126 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 421 Coronado-Durazo v. INS, 123 F.3d 1322 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 145, Cotton L.A., 2000-INA-313 (Sept. 25, 2001) :: 1656, 1699 292, 390, 1900, 2041, 2071, 2107 Cotzojay v. Holder, 725 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 485, 500 Corona-Mendez v. Holder, 593 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1743, Coughlan; U.S. v., 842 F.2d 737 (4th Cir. 1988) :: 489 1790, 1792, 1804, 1963, 1972 Council on American-Islamic Relations v. FBI, 749 F.Supp.2d Corona-Sanchez; U.S. v., 291 F.3d 1201 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 683 1104 (S.D. Cal. 2010) :: 614 Corona-Sanchez; U.S. v., 291 F.3d 1201 (9th Cir. 2002) (en County of, see name of county banc) :: 328, 330–31, 365, 368 Couto; U.S. v., 311 F.3d 179 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 384 Corovic v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 90 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 662, 674, 798, Covarrubia; U.S. v., 911 F.Supp. 1409 (D.N.M. 1994) :: 493 959, 961, 968, 993 Covarrubias v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 742 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 172 Corporate Green, LLC, 2012-PER-1090, et al. (Feb. 24, 2015) :: Covarrubias Teposte v. Holder, 632 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1620, 1645 318, 326 Corporate Loss Prevention Associates; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. Covian-Sandoval; U.S. v., 462 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 400 908 (Feb. 5, 1997) :: 2220 Cowburn v. Leventis, 619 S.E.2d 437 (S.C. Ct. App. 2003) :: 1592 Corpuz v. Holder, 697 F.3d 807 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1755 Cox v. Schweiker, 684 F.2d 310 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 2121 Corrales-Beltran; U.S. v., 192 F.3d 1311 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 422 Coyomani-Cielo v. Holder, 758 F.3d 908 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 121, Corrales-Vasquez; U.S. v., 931 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 440 285, 1763, 2075 Correa, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 130 (BIA 1984) :: 1759, 1771, Coyotl v. Kelly, 261 F.Supp.3d 1328 (N.D. Ga. 2017) :: 1799, 1773, 1885 1913, 1980 Correa; People v., 485 N.E.2d 307 (Ill. 1985) :: 387 Coyt v. Holder, 593 F.3d 902 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1863, 2038, 2082 Correa v. Thornburgh, 901 F.2d 1166 (2d Cir. 1990) :: 68, 150, C-R-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 59 (BIA 1958) :: 376 403 Crabtree's Kittle House, 2009-PER-415 (May 26, 2010) :: 1636 Correa v. Waymouth Farms, Inc., 664 N.W. 2d 324 (Minn. 2003) Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190 (1976) :: 2020 :: 2251 Craig Custom Constr., LLC, 2014-PER-448 (Dec. 6, 2017) :: 1641 Correa-Diaz v. Sessions, 881 F.3d 523 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 301–2 Crammond, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 9 (BIA 2001), vacated on ju- Correa-Garces, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 451 (BIA 1992) :: 141 risdictional grounds, 23 I&N Dec. 179 (BIA 2001) :: 305, Correa-Rivera v. Holder, Inc., 706 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 314, 343 634, 641 Crane v. Johnson, 783 F.3d 244 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 2018, 2026 Correctional Servs. Corp. v. Malesko, 534 U.S. 61 (2001) :: Crawford; U.S. v., 18 F.3d 1173 (4th Cir. 1994) :: 458 2137–38 Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004) :: 673, 675 Correo Ruiz v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 543 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 169, 1481, 2119 Crawford-El v. Britton, 523 U.S. 574 (1998) :: 2164 Corrie v. Caterpillar, Inc., 403 F.Supp.2d 1019 (W.D. Wash. Crawford & Sons, 2001-INA-121 (Jan. 9, 2004) (en banc) :: 1691 2005) :: 2150 C-R-C-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 677 (BIA 2008) :: 719 Corro-Barragan v. Holder, 718 F.3d 1174 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1735, Creative Cabinet & Store Fixture, 1989-INA-181 (1990) (en banc) 1742 :: 1700 Cort v. Ash, 422 U.S. 66 (1975) :: 2161 Creative Resource Personnel, Inc., 12 OCAHO no. 1299 (Apr. 6, Cortes v. Swacina, 627 F.Supp.2d 1328 (S.D. Fla. 2008) :: 2168, 2017) :: 2268 2172 Credent Techs. LLC, 2014-PER-65 (Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1634, 1660 Cortes-Castillo v. INS, 997 F.2d 1199 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 1759 Credit One Bank, N.A., 2011-PER-2820 (July 3, 2013) :: 1668 Cortes Medina, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 79 (BIA 2013) :: 136, 1817 Credorax (USA), Inc., 2015-PER-495 (June 27, 2019) :: 1615 Cortez v. Sessions, 318 F.Supp.3d 1134 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 547– Creedle v. Miami-Dade Cnty., 349 F.Supp.3d 1276 (S.D. Fla. 48, 747, 1944, 1993, 2001–3 2018) :: 488, 533, 536 Cortez; U.S. v., 449 U.S. 411 (1981) :: 491, 494, 508 Crescent City Meat Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1217 Cortez; U.S. v., 930 F.3d 350 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 410–11, 555, 577, (CAHO May 22, 2014) :: 2225 2114 Crescent City Meat Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1223 (June Cortez-Acosta v. INS, 234 F.3d 476 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 690 24, 2014) :: 2225 Cortez Canales, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 301 (BIA 2010) :: 121, Crespin v. Evans, 256 F.Supp.3d 641 (E.D. Va. 2017) :: 761 285, 1762–63, 2075 Crespin-Valladares v. Holder, 632 F.3d 117 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 787, Cortez-Felipe v. INS, 245 F.3d 1054 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 571, 1793 815, 819, 823, 1835–36, 2047 Cortez-Guillen v. Holder, 623 F.3d 933 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 325 Crespo v. Evergo Corp., 841 A.2d 471 (N.J. Sup. Ct. 2004) :: 2252 Cortez-Mendez v. Whitaker, 912 F.3d 205 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 832, 1045 Crespo v. FAMSA, Inc., 13 OCAHO no. 1337 (Dec. 18, 2019) :: 2257 TABLE OF CASES 2491

Crespo v. Holder, 631 F.3d 130 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 373 CSID, 2015-PWD-9 (Nov. 18, 2015) :: 1679, 1681, 1683 Crespo-Gomez v. Richard, 780 F.2d 932 (11th Cir. 1986) :: 873, CSI Int'l, Inc., 2012-PER-614 (Nov. 4, 2015) :: 1635 878, 2044 C.S. Lawn and Landscape, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2018- Crew v. DHS, 387 F.Supp.3d 33 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 628, 1918 TNE-23 (Sept. 6, 2019) :: 1269 Crew v. DHS, 648 F.Supp.2d 152 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 617 Csonka, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 254 (RC 1978) :: 1299 Crew One Productions v. NLRB, 811 F.3d 1305 (11th Cir. 2016) :: CSS, see Catholic Social Services 2184 C-T-L-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 341 (BIA 2010) :: 829 Crews; U.S. v., 445 U.S. 463 (1980) :: 488 CTS, 1991-INA-175 (BALCA June 19, 1992) :: 1701 Crider v. U.S., 885 F.2d 294 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 2137 CTS Corp. v. Waldburger, 134 S.Ct. 2175 (2014) :: 1369, 1480, C-R-M-, Matter of; ID#404063 (AAO May 5, 2017) :: 1156 1727, 1777, 2115 Crocock v. Holder, 670 F.3d 400 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 184–85 CTS Technical Servs., Inc., 2013-PER-1132 (Nov. 6, 2017) :: Crop Transport, LLC, 2018-TLC-27 (Oct. 19, 2018) :: 1232 1687 Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council, 530 U.S. 363 (2000) :: Cuadra v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 947 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1773 49 Cuadras v. INS, 910 F.2d 567 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 1735 Cross, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 485 (BIA 2015) :: 1376–77, 2110, Cuban Am. Bar Ass'n, Inc. v. Christopher, 43 F.3d 1412 (11th Cir. 2113, 2284, 2287 1995) :: 42, 44, 259, 940, 2013 Cross; U.S. v., 249 F.Supp.3d 339 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 451 Cuber, In re; 19 A.D.3d 58 (1st Dep't N.Y. 2005) :: 655 Crosslands Transp. Inc., 2005-INA-198 and 199 (Jan. 22, 2007) :: Cubillos v. Holder, 565 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 790 1689 Cubor, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 470 (BIA 2011) :: 703 Crounsset; U.S. v., 403 F.Supp.2d 475 (E.D. Va. 2005) :: 437 Cucalon v. Barr, 958 F.3d 245 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 292, 308, 351, Crown's Merchants Inc., 2011-PER-2659 (Jan. 30, 2013) :: 1681 358, 1857 Cruz, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 236 (BIA 1974) :: 572 Cudzich v. INS, 886 F.Supp. 101 (D.D.C. 1995) :: 615, 619 Cruz, Matter of; A087 241 021 (BIA Apr. 9, 2014) :: 155, 171 Cuellar, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 850 (BIA 2012) :: 289, 314, 376, Cruz v. Abbott, 177 F.Supp.3d 992 (W.D. Tex. 2016) :: 53 383 Cruz v. Abbott, 849 F.3d 594 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 53, 2018 Cuellar v. Joyce, 596 F.3d 505 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 189 Cruz v. Barr, 929 F.3d 304 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 1015 Cuellar-Aguilar v. Deggeller Attractions, Inc., 812 F.3d 614 (8th Cruz v. Molerio, 840 F.Supp. 303 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 520 Cir. 2015) :: 1254 Cruz v. Sessions, 853 F.3d 122 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 811, 828, 831, Cuellar Lopez v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 492 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1814 1008 Cuello, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 94 (BIA 1989) :: 1379–80, 1453 Cruz v. U.S., 387 F.Supp.2d 1057 (N.D. Cal. 2005) :: 2253 Cuenca v. Barr, 956 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 741 Cruz v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 452 F.3d 240 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 377, 1870, Cueto-Nunez; U.S. v., 869 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 452 1959, 2096 Cuevas v. Holder, 737 F.3d 972 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 148–50 Cruz; U.S. v., 333 F.Supp.3d 1045 (D. Mont. 2018) :: 495 Cuevas v. INS, 43 F.3d 1167 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 1845 Cruz; U.S. v., 701 F.Supp. 440 (S.D.N.Y. 1988) :: 501 Cuevas-Bravo; U.S. v., 780 F.3d 1024 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 447, 454 Cruz-Aguilar; U.S. v., 394 F.Supp.3d 1313 (E.D. Wash. 2019) :: Cuevas-Gaspar v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 1013 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 411, 415, 555, 577 126, 138, 140 Cruz-Aguilera v. INS, 245 F.3d 1070 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1945 Cuevas-Reyes; U.S. v., 572 F.3d 119 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 428 Cruzan v. Director, Mo. Dep't of Health, 497 U.S. 261 (1990) :: Cui v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1289 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 586 263 Cuko v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 998 Cruz-Bucheli v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 105 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1751, Cumberland Food Market, 2011-PER-87 (May 10, 2011) :: 1642, 1756 1707, 1711 Cruz-Camey v. Gonzales, 504 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1830 Cummins Emission Solutions, Inc., 2012-PER-972 (Jan. 8, 2016) Cruz-Candela; U.S. v., 399 F.Supp.3d 454 (D. Md. 2019) :: 413 :: 1653 Cruz de Ortiz, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 601 (BIA 2011) :: 1495 Cummins Inc., 2015-PER-579 (Oct. 31, 2017) :: 1696 Cruz-Diaz v. INS, 86 F.3d 330 (4th Cir. 1996) :: 948 Cunanan v. INS, 856 F.2d 1373 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 662, 675, 1722, Cruz-Escoto; U.S. v., 476 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 407 1739 Cruz-Funez v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 1187 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 827, Cundall, Matter of; A075-776-185 (BIA Dec. 29, 2015) :: 186 1845 Cunningham v. Offshore Specialty Fabrications, Inc., 543 Cruz-Garcia, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1155 (BIA 1999) :: 710, 712, F.Supp.2d 614 (E.D. Tenn. 2008) :: 2254 1864, 1879 Cunningham v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 335 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. 2003) :: Cruz-Garza v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 1125 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 301, 373, 1752 375, 690 Cupa-Guillen; U.S. v., 34 F.3d 860 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 406 Cruz-Gomez v. Lynch, 801 F.3d 695 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 581, 716 Curran Eng'g Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 975 (1997) :: 2224 Cruz-Guzman v. Barr, 920 F.3d 1033 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 825, 832 Curri v. Reno, 86 F.Supp.2d 413 (D.N.J. 2000) :: 1962 Cruz-Hernandez; U.S. v., 62 F.3d 1353 (11th Cir. 1995) :: 495 Curtiss-Wright Export Co.; U.S. v., 299 U.S. 304 (1936) :: 38 Cruz-Martinez v. Sessions, 885 F.3d 460 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1045 Curuta v. OCAHO, 398 F.3d 329 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 2275 Cruz-Mayaho v. Holder, 698 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1726, Custis v. U.S., 511 U.S. 485 (1994) :: 382 1864 Custodio v. Samillan, 842 F.3d 1084 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 189 Cruz-Mendez; U.S. v., 467 F.3d 1260 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 501 Cutler v. Ilchert, No. C84-6751, 1985 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18925 Cruz-Miguel v. Holder, 650 F.3d 189 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 533 (N.D. Cal. June 13, 1985) :: 1180 Cruz-Moyaho v. Holder, 703 F.3d 991 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1764 CVS Rx Servs., Inc., 2010-PER-1108 (Nov. 16, 2010) :: 1708–9 Cruz-Navarro v. INS, 232 F.3d 1024 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 827, 835, C-V-T-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 7 (BIA 1998) :: 1758 1029 C-W-K-, Matter of; ID# 330051 (AAO June 13, 2017) :: 1538 Cruz-Orellana v. Sessions, 878 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 1730 C-W-L-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 346 (BIA 2007) :: 1864, 1873 Cruz-Perez; U.S. v., 567 F.3d 1142 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 448, 452 Cyberthink, Inc., 2012-PER-864 (Jan. 19, 2016) :: 1619 Cruz Pleitez v. Barr, 938 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 704, 723 Cyberworld Enterprise Techs. v. Napolitano, 602 F.3d 189 (3d Cruz-Quintanilla v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 884 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 895, Cir. 2010) :: 1220–21 1035, 1836, 1898 Cyberworld Enterprise Techs., Inc. d/b/a Tekstrom, Inc. v. Admin- Cruz Rendon v. Holder, 603 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 471, 588 istrator, WHD, 2004-LCA-49 (ARB May 24, 2006) :: 1219– Cruz-Samayoa v. Holder, 607 F.3d 1145 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 795, 20 849 Cyrousi v. Kashyap, 386 F.Supp.3d 1278 (C.D. Cal. 2019) :: 114, Cruz-Taveras v. McElroy, 1996 WL 455012 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 12, 116 1996) :: 254, 549 Cyrus v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 197 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 296, 1869 Crysberg Inc., 2015-PER-29 (Jan. 30, 2017) :: 1685 C-Y-Z-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 915 (BIA 1997) :: 481, 837, 843, Crystal Shamrock, Inc., 1981-INA-180 (1981) :: 1675 1026, 2046, 2074 Csekinek v. INS, 391 F.3d 819 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 478, 2000 Czech Commerce Ltd., 2012-PER-1308 (Aug. 30, 2016) :: 1671 2492 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Damrah; U.S. v., 412 F.3d 618 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 2323, 2327 D Damus v. Nielsen, 313 F.Supp.3d 317 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 254, 258– D-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 186 (BIA 1941) :: 137 59 D-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 190 (BIA 1942) :: 137 Dandamudi v. Tisch, 686 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 55 D-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 827 (BIA 1994) :: 121, 367 Dandan v. Ashcroft, 339 F.3d 567 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 554, 790, 799 D-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 915 (BIA 1994) :: 1759 Danesh, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 669 (BIA 1988) :: 132 D-A-A-, Matter of; ID# 2987735 (AAO Apr. 3, 2019) :: 1344 Daneshvar v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 615 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 196, 281 Daas v. Holder, 620 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 308, 313 Dang; U.S. v., 488 F.3d 1135 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 2299, 2324 Dababneh v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 806 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 577 Dangdee; U.S. v., 616 F.2d 1118 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 437, 2340 Dabaghian v. Civiletti, 607 F.2d 868 (9th Cir. 1979) :: 1410 Daniel; U.S. v., 933 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 1420 Dabone v. Thornburgh, 734 F.Supp. 195 (E.D. Pa. 1990) :: 2169, Daniel Ojeda-Ojeda v. Booth Farms, L.P., 9 OCAHO no. 1121 2172, 2176 (Sept. 26, 2006) :: 2267, 2275 Daborne v. Karn, 763 F.2d 593 (3d Cir. 1985) :: 2101 Daniels v. U.S., 532 U.S. 374 (2001) :: 382–83, 1945 D-A-C-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 575 (BIA 2019) :: 901 Danilov v. Aguirre, 370 F.Supp.2d 441 (E.D. Va. 2005) :: 1951, 2331 Dacanay, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 238 (BIA 1977) :: 279 Dankam v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 113 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 1000 Daccache v. Raymond James Fin., No. 16-cv-21575 (S.D. Fla. May 3, 2016) :: 1589 Dann; U.S. v., 652 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 428, 443 Daco Constr. Corp., 2012-PER-3539 (June 6, 2019) :: 1626 Danso v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 709 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 40, 148, 389, 393 Dacosta v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1471, 1719, 1737 Dar v. Olivares, 956 F.Supp.2d 1287 (N.D. Okla. 2013) :: 323, 371, 387, 478, 569, 2297 Da Cruz v. INS, 4 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1819 Daraghma v. USCIS, 228 F.Supp.3d 818 (N.D. Ohio 2017) :: Dada v. Mukasey, 554 U.S. 1 (2008) :: 1403–4, 1471, 1737, 1415 1740, 1787, 1829–30, 1855, 1866–67, 1911, 2079, 2107 Darby v. Cisneros, 509 U.S. 137 (1993) :: 2004 Dagnachew; U.S. v., 808 F.Supp. 1517 (D. Colo. 1992) :: 440 Dare v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 267 F.Supp.2d 987 (D. Minn. 2003) Dagvadorj v. DeFleur, 70 A.D. 3d 1275 (N.Y. App. Div.3d 2010) :: :: 2271 1133 Darif v. Holder, 739 F.3d 329 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 2036 Dahal v. Barr, 931 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 836, 964 Darif; U.S. v., 446 F.3d 701 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 433 Dahhane v. Stanton, No. 15-CV-1229 (PJS/BRT), 2016 WL 4257536 (D. Minn. Aug. 12, 2016) :: 116 Darin v. Olivero-Huffman, 746 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 187 Dai v. Barr, see Ming Dai v. Sessions Darinchuluun v. Lynch, 804 F.3d 1208 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 954, 956 Dailide v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 387 F.3d 1335 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 282, Darko v. Sessions, 342 F.Supp.3d 429 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 516, 578, 724, 2030, 2035, 2038, 2091 518 Dailide; U.S. v., 227 F.3d 385 (6th Cir. 2000) :: 2325 Darnbrough v. DOS, 924 F.Supp.2d 213 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 1085 Dailide; U.S. v., 316 F.3d 611 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 2324 Da Rosa Silva v. INS, 263 F.Supp.2d 1005 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 139, 398, 1752 Daimler AG v. Bauman, 134 S.Ct. 746 (2014) :: 2142, 2146 Dar-Salameh v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 47 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1500 Daisy Schimoler, 1997-INA-218 (Mar. 3, 1999) (en banc) :: 1691 Darsan; U.S. v., 811 F.Supp. 119 (W.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 426 Dakaj v. Holder, 580 F.3d 479 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1822–23 Darwish, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 307 (BIA 1973) :: 1408 Dakane v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 399 F.3d 1269 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 630, 634, 636, 641, 2059, 2086 Daryoush, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 352 (BIA 1982) :: 515, 519, 942 Dakane v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 399 F.3d 1269 (11th Cir. 2005) (per Das v. Das, 603 A.2d 139 (N.J. Super. 1992) :: 1409 curiam) :: 46 Da Silva, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 778 (BIA 1976) :: 1406 Dakarapu v. Arvy Tech, Inc., 13 OCAHO no. 1308 (Feb. 16, Da Silva, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 288 (Comm. 1979) :: 231 2018) :: 2263 Da Silva v. Att'y Gen. of the U.S., 948 F.3d 629 (3d Cir. 2020) :: Dakura v. Holder, 772 F.3d 994 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 184, 2199 1768 Dale v. Holder, 610 F.3d 294 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 324 Da Silva v. De Aredes, 953 F.3d 67 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 187 Dale v. U.S., 846 F.Supp.2d 1246 (M.D. Fla. 2012) :: 2040 Da Silva Neto v. Holder, 680 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 138 Dalehite v. U.S., 346 U.S. 15 (1953) :: 2134 Dass, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 120 (BIA 1989) :: 950 D'Alessandro v. Mukasey, 628 F.Supp.2d 368 (W.D.N.Y. 2009) :: Datau v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 37 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 790 547, 749, 751, 754, 757 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993) :: 665 Daley; U.S. v., 702 F.3d 96 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 416, 418 Dave v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 649 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 478, 637, 1726, Dalis v. Brady, 766 F.Supp. 901 (D. Colo. 1991) :: 753, 1825, 1972 2003 Davey, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 37 (BIA 2012) :: 293, 361, 682 Dallakoti v. Holder, 619 F.3d 1264 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 828 David v. INS, 548 F.2d 219 (8th Cir. 1977) :: 1802 Dallas ISD, 2016-PER-589 (Feb. 24, 2017) :: 1652 David Cummings, 2010-PER-1263 (Oct. 4, 2011) :: 1620 The Dallas Morning News, L.P., 2011-PER-2302 (Dec. 30, 2013) David Howard of Cal., 1990-INA-241 (May 12, 1992) :: 1650 :: 1628 David Razo Gardening Serv., 2002-INA-129 (Apr. 23, 2003) :: Dallas Stewart Racing Stable, Inc., d/b/a Dallas Stewart, 2018- 1672 TLN-12 (Dec. 1, 2017) :: 1261 Davidson v. DOS, 264 F.Supp.3d 97 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 605 Dallas VA Med. Ctr.; Administrator, WHD v., 2001-LCA-77, 81 David & Stacey Fritz, 2008-INA-50 (Oct. 27, 2008) :: 1678 (ARB Oct. 30, 2003) :: 1206–7 David W. Jackson, 2008-PER-192 (Apr. 9, 2009) :: 1684 Dallo v. INS, 765 F.2d 581 (6th Cir. 1985) :: 674, 1789 Davila v. Lang, 343 F.Supp.3d 254 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 653 Da Lomba, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 616 (BIA 1978) :: 1415, 1789 Davila v. Northern Reg'l Joint Police Bd., 370 F.Supp.3d 498 Dalombo Fontes v. Gonzales, 483 F.3d 115 (1st Cir. 2007) :: (W.D. Pa. 2019) :: 496, 533, 2129, 2163 2085 Davila v. Northern Reg'l Joint Police Bd., 979 F.Supp.2d 612 Dalrymple v. Reno, 334 F.3d 991 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 2140 (W.D. Pa. 2013) :: 2130, 2163 Dalrymple v. U.S., 460 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 2133, 2137 Davila v. U.S., 247 F.Supp.3d 650 (W.D. Pa. 2017) :: 507, 2136 Dalton v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 200 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 325, 2085 Davila; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 903 (Nov. 21, 1996) :: 466 Damaize-Job v. INS, 787 F.2d 1332 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 850, 926, Davila; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 936 (June 16, 1997) :: 465 977–78, 1015 Davila-Bardales v. INS, 27 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 676, 703, Damaso-Mendoza v. Holder, 653 F.3d 1245 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 1846 322 Davila-Mejia v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 624 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 817, 826 Damioli, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 303 (BIA 1980) :: 1301 Davis, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 536 (BIA 1992) :: 149, 311–14, 343 Damkam v. Holder, 592 F.3d 846 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1002 Davis v. Davis, No. WD-04-020, 2004 WL 2924344 (Ohio App. 6 Damko v. INS, 430 F.3d 626 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 793, 2073 Dist. Dec. 17, 2004) :: 115 D-A-M-L-, Matter of; ID# 1185723 (AAO Aug. 17, 2018) :: 1359 Davis v. Gonzales, 482 F.Supp.2d 796 (W.D. Tex. 2007) :: 755 Damon v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1396, 1413 TABLE OF CASES 2493

Davis v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 882 F.Supp.2d 7 (D.D.C. 2012) Deep Distributors of Greater N.Y., 365 NLRB No. 95 (June 20, :: 2159 2017) :: 2245 Davis v. Lynch, 802 F.3d 168 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 472, 663, 673, DeFaria v. INS, 13 F.3d 422 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 381, 628, 1859 1395, 1404 Defensor v. Meissner, 201 F.3d 384 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1174, 1223 Davis v. Passman, 442 U.S. 228 (1979) :: 2137–38 De Figueroa v. INS, 501 F.2d 191 (7th Cir. 1974) :: 1914 Davis v. Sessions, 293 F.Supp.3d 678 (S.D. Tex. 2018) :: 2296, De Fuentes v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 498 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 46 2302 Degbe v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 651 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1046 Davis v. U.S., 499 F.3d 590 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 115, 2026 Degen v. U.S., 517 U.S. 820 (1996) :: 432, 444, 2035 Davis; U.S. v., 588 U.S. __, 139 S.Ct. 2319 (2019) :: 317, 347, De Guevara v. Barr, 919 F.3d 538 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 809, 826 2124 de Guinac v. INS, 179 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 873 Davis; U.S. v., 875 F.3d 592 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 326 DeGurules v. INS, 833 F.2d 861 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1781 Davis v. Weiss, 749 F.Supp. 47 (D. Conn. 1990) :: 541 Dehonzai v. Holder, 650 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 983 Dawkins v. Holder, 762 F.3d 247 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 327, 368 De Horta Garcia; U.S. v., 519 F.3d 658 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 422 Dawoud v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 608 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 951, 958, De Hoyos v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 339 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 288, 1749 965, 970, 1038, 1858 De Jesus-Batres; U.S. v., 410 F.3d 154 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 428 Dawoud v. Holder, 561 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 592, 1867, 1883, DeJesus Corona v. Derosa, 325 F.Supp.2d 516 (D.N.J. 2004) :: 2036 575, 1943, 2336 Dawson v. Steager, 139 S.Ct. 698 (2019) :: 50 De Jesus Melendez v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Day Creek Cattle Co., Ltd., 2009-TLC-48 (June 2, 2009) :: 1237 374, 393 Daylily Farms, Inc. v. Chao, 357 F.Supp.2d 356 (D. Mass. 2005) De Jesus Ramirez v. Reich, 156 F.3d 1273 (D.C. Cir. 1998) :: :: 1268 1714, 2025–26 Dayo v. Holder, 687 F.3d 653 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 798 De Jimenez v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 783 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 274 Dayo v. Napolitano, 11-cv-00728 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 1, 2012) :: 2242 Dekoladenu v. Gonzales, 459 F.3d 500 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 478, Daza-Mosquera; U.S. v., 769 F.Supp.2d 443 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 1726, 1787, 1866, 2112 749 De La Cruz v. INS, 951 F.2d 226 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 382 D.B., as Next Friend of R.M.B. v. Cardall, 826 F.3d 721 (4th Cir. Dela Cruz v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 946 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 2059 2016) :: 469, 522 Dela Cruz v. Napolitano, 764 F.Supp.2d 1197 (S.D. Cal. 2011) :: D.C. v. A.B.C., 8 A.3d 260, 265 (N.J. Super. Ct. Ch. Div. 2010) :: 520, 529–30, 548 1553 De La Cruz; U.S. v., 703 F.3d 1193 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 492 D-C-H-, Matter of; ID# 14784 (AAO Dec. 21, 2015) :: 1536 Delacruz-Soto; U.S. v., 414 F.3d 1158 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 423 D-D-J-F-T-, Matter of; ID# 11043 (AAO Mar. 17, 2017) :: 1358 De La Llana-Castellon v. INS, 16 F.3d 1093 (10th Cir. 1994) :: DDM Haulers, LLC, 2017-TLN-69 (Oct. 18, 2017) :: 1261, 1263 1843, 1848, 2051 D.E. v. John Doe, 834 F.3d 723 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 73 De La Nues, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 140 (BIA 1981) :: 131, 379 De Abarca v. Holder, 757 F.3d 334 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1006, 1043 De La Pava; U.S. v., 268 F.3d 157 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 735 DeAbreu v. State, 593 So.2d 233 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991) :: 383 De La Paz v. Coy, 954 F.Supp.2d 532 (W.D. Tex. 2013), rev'd on De Acosta v. Holder, 556 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1484 other grounds, 786 F.3d 367 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 2133, 2139 De Allende v. Baker, 891 F.2d 7 (1st Cir. 1989) :: 2173 De La Paz Sanchez v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 133 (5th Cir. 2006) :: De Anda, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 54 (BIA 1979) :: 659 324 Deanda-Romo, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 597 (BIA 2003) :: 122, De Lara Bellajaro v. Schiltgen, 378 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1034, 1747 2303 Deang, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 57 (BIA 2017) :: 329 De La Rosa, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 728 (BIA 1974) :: 1377 De Araujo v. Ashcroft, 399 F.3d 84 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 2058 De La Rosa v. Barr, 943 F.3d 1171 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1006, 1046 De Araujo v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 146 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1995 De La Rosa v. DHS, 489 F.3d 551 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1743, 2073 De Araujo v. John Smith Enterprises Inc., 10 OCAHO no. 1187 De La Rosa v. Holder, 598 F.3d 103 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 887, 895, (July 3, 2013) :: 2258, 2269, 2272 1837 Dearborn Pub. Sch., 1991-INA-222 (Dec. 7, 1993) :: 1691, 1704, De La Rosa v. U.S., 229 F.3d 80 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 573 1713 De La Teja v. U.S., 321 F.3d 1357 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 479, 1912, Dearborn Pub. Sch., 1991-INA-222 (Dec. 7, 1993) (en banc) :: 1943, 1982 1706 DeLaurentiis v. Haig, 686 F.2d 192 (3d Cir. 1982) :: 615 Dearinger ex rel. Volkova v. Reno, 232 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2000) De La Vega v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 141 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1778, :: 640 1905, 1971 Dear Wing Jung v. U.S., 312 F.2d 73 (9th Cir. 1962) :: 398 Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979) :: 499 DeBartolo v. Florida Gulf Coast Bldg. & Constr. Trades Council, Del Carmen Molina v. INS, 170 F.3d 1247 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 832, 485 U.S. 568 (1988) :: 2115 842 Debeatham v. Holder, 602 F.3d 481 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 643–44 Del Cid Marroquin v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 933 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 887, Debeato v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 505 F.3d 231 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 742, 2091–92 1990 De Leon v. Holder, 761 F.3d 336 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 67, 1774 DeBooth; U.S. v., 915 F.2d 697 (11th Cir. 1990) :: 2208 De Leon v. INS, 115 F.3d 643 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 2089 Debra & Daniel Alpert, 2007-PER-109 (Dec. 17, 2007) :: 1612 De Leon v. Longoria Farms, 13 OCAHO no. 1320 (May 23, 2019) DeBraun v. Meissner, 958 F.Supp. 227 (E.D. Pa. 1997) :: 1922 :: 2268 De Brenner v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 629 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 807, 830, De Leon v. Longoria Farms, 13 OCAHO no. 1320a (Sept. 5, 832, 841 2019) :: 2275 DeBrown v. DOJ, 18 F.3d 774 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 2280, 2337 De Leon v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 1224 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 139, 227 De Canas v. Bica, 424 U.S. 351 (1976) :: 49 De Leon; U.S. v., 270 F.3d 90 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 403 De Cardenas v. Reno, 278 F.Supp.2d 284 (D. Conn. 2003) :: DeLeon; U.S. v., 444 F.3d 41 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 408, 412, 421 2121 De Leon Castellanos v. Holder, 652 F.3d 762 (7th Cir. 2011) :: De Castro v. Fairman, 164 F.App'x 930, 931-33 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 322 1076–77, 1462 DeLeon-Holguin v. Ashcroft, 253 F.3d 811 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 373, De Castro-Gutierrez v. Holder, 713 F.3d 375 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 1752 826, 849, 869 De Leon-Ochoa v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 622 F.3d 341 (3d Cir. 2010) :: December 1988 Term Grand Jury Investigation, In re; 714 900–901 F.Supp. 782 (W.D.N.C. 1989) :: 489 De Leon-Reyna; U.S. v., 930 F.2d 396 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 496 Decky v. Holder, 587 F.3d 104 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 De Leon-Reynoso v. Ashcroft, 293 F.3d 633 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 139, DeCruz; U.S. v., 82 F.3d 856 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 436 228, 482 De Dandrade v. DHS, 367 F.Supp.3d 174 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2307 DeLeon-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 70 F.3d 764 (3d Cir. 1995) :: 458 Deen Marketing, Inc., 2012-PER-21 (Aug. 17, 2015) :: 1614 Delgadillo v. Carmichael, 332 U.S. 388 (1947) :: 72, 1935 Delgado, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 100 (BIA 2017) :: 329, 342 2494 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Delgado v. Holder, 648 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc) :: Demore v. Kim, 538 U.S. 510 (2003) :: 39, 42–43, 253, 255–56, 778, 866, 872, 878, 1036, 1842, 2075 472, 529, 543, 545, 942, 1909, 1932, 1957, 2062 Delgado v. Holder, 674 F.3d 759 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 728 Demos Consulting Grp., Ltd, 2007-PER-20 (May 16, 2007) :: Delgado v. INS, 473 F.Supp. 1343 (S.D.N.Y. 1979) :: 2009 1673 Delgado v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 702 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 786, 807, Denedo; U.S. v., 556 U.S. 904 (2009) :: 376, 395 830, 885 DeNieva v. Reyes, 966 F.2d 480 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 2129 Delgado v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 65 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 168, 741, 743, Denis v. DHS/ICE of Buffalo, New York, 634 F.Supp.2d 338 1487 (W.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2029 Delgado v. Osuna, 837 F.3d 571 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 188 Denis v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 633 F.3d 201 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 340, 345, Delgado v. Quarantillo, 643 F.3d 52 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 1910, 1949 873, 882 Delgado v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 487 F.3d 855 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 799, De Niz Robles v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 1165 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 168, 870, 1042 1481, 2118 Delgado-Arteaga v. Sessions, 856 F.3d 1109 (7th Cir. 2017) :: Denko v. INS, 351 F.3d 717 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 636, 721, 1813–14, 2028, 2036 2043 Delgado-Carrera v. INS, 773 F.2d 629 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 1914 Dennis v. ICE, 426 F.Supp.2d 252 (M.D. Pa. 2006) :: 754 Delgado-Chavez v. INS, 765 F.2d 868 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 391, 1729 De Nolasco v. USCIS, 319 F.Supp.3d 491 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 527 Delgado-Enriquez; U.S. v., 188 F.3d 592 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 324 Denson v. U.S., 574 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 2135 Delgado-Garcia; U.S. v., 374 F.3d 1337 (D.C. Cir. 2004) :: 424 Dent v. Holder, 627 F.3d 365 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 423, 519, 574, Delgado-Hernandez; U.S. v., 646 F.3d 562 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 454 599, 626, 1721, 2050 Delgado; INS v., 466 U.S. 210 (1984) :: 490, 499 Dent v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 1075 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 325, 475, 576, Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 826 2283 Delgado-Reynua v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 596 (5th Cir. 2006) :: Denver Tofu Co. v. District Director, 525 F.Supp. 254 (D. Colo. 1830 1981) :: 1608 Delgado-Sobalvarro v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 625 F.3d 782 (3d Cir. Denzil Gunnels d/b/a Gunnels Arabians, 2010-PER-628 (Nov. 16, 2010) :: 533 2010) :: 1706–9 Delia Lazarte-Valverde, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 214 (BIA 1996) :: De Oliveira v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 78 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1009 466 De Oliveira Viegas v. Green, 370 F.Supp.3d 443 (D.N.J. 2019) :: De Lima v. Sessions, 867 F.3d 260 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 328, 1993, 517 1998 DeOliviera v. INS, 873 F.Supp. 338 (C.D. Cal. 1994) :: 76 Delitizer of Newton, 1988-INA-482 (1990) :: 1666 De Osorio v. INS, 10 F.3d 1034 (4th Cir. 1993) :: 369, 1750, 2122 Deljevic v. Baker, 463 F.Supp.2d 699 (E.D. Mich. 2006) :: 531, DePallo; People v., 729 N.Y.S.2d 649 (2001) :: 655 761, 1900, 1934, 1961, 2062 DePape v. Trinity Health Sys., 242 F.Supp.2d 585 (N.D. Iowa Dell Marketing LP, 2012-PER-2029 (Oct. 31, 2016) :: 1647 2003) :: 655, 660 Dell Marketing LP, 2016-PER-710 (Oct. 26, 2018) :: 1615 Department of [other than DHS, DOJ, and DOS], see other part of Delmas v. Gonzales, 422 F.Supp.2d 1299 (S.D. Fla. 2005) :: name 1369 Department of Homeland Security (DHS), see other party Delmundo v. INS, 43 F.3d 436 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 230–31, 1889 Department of Justice (DOJ), see other party Deloitte Consulting LLP, 2009-PER-312 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1642 Department of State (DOS), see other party Deloitte Fin. Advisory Servs. LLP, 2011-PER-342 (Mar. 29, 2012) De Pena-Paniagua v. Barr, 957 F.3d 88 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 814, :: 1634 820, 823, 1019 Deloitte Servs. LP, 2010-PER-348 (Mar. 2, 2011) :: 1630 De Ponte Cellars, LLC, 2016-PER-353 (Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1630 Deloitte Tax LLP, 2014-PER-143 (Jan. 17, 2018) :: 1635 DeQuervain v. Desguin, 927 So.2d 232 (2d DCA Fla. 2006) :: Deloitte & Touche, 1990-INA-493 (Feb. 7, 1992) :: 1666 1073 Deloso v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 802, 830 Derezinski v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 619 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 710, 717– De Los Reyes, Ex parte, 392 S.W.3d 675 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) 18 :: 386 de Rincon v. Mukasey, 539 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 742, 1990 De Los Santos v. INS, 690 F.2d 56 (2d Cir. 1982) :: 1376 Deris, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 5 (BIA 1989) :: 394 Del Pilar v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 326 F.3d 1154 (11th Cir. 2003) :: De Rodriguez v. Holder, 724 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 649, 1830, 2101 1744 Del Rio v. Green, 274 F.Supp.3d 265 (D.N.J. 2017) :: 575 De Rodriguez-Echeverria v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. Delrio-Mocci v. Connolly Properties Inc., 672 F.3d 241 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 487, 497 2012) :: 428, 2255 Desai, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 569 (RC 1980) :: 1181 Del Risco, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 109 (BIA 1989) :: 293 Desai v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 695 F.3d 267 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1862 Delta Search Labs, Inc., 2011-PER-2871 (Apr. 24, 2014) :: 1631 De Sandoval v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 440 F.3d 1276 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Del Toro-Chacon v. Chertoff, 431 F.Supp.2d 1135 (W.D. Wash. 741, 743–44, 1487 2006) :: 549, 754, 1970 De Santamaria v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 525 F.3d 999 (11th Cir. 2008) :: Deluca v. Ashcroft, 203 F.Supp.2d 1276 (M.D. Ala. 2002) :: 139, 788, 799, 831, 846, 1014 2298 Descamps v. U.S., 570 U.S. 254 (2013) :: 124, 284–85, 289, 294, De Lucia v. Flagg, 297 F.2d 58 (7th Cir. 1962) :: 133 297, 301, 325, 327, 330, 332, 347, 349–50, 355, 357, 362 Demandstein v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 639 F.3d 653 (3d Cir. 2011) :: Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa, 539 U.S. 90 (2003) :: 2271 1766 Desert Palace, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1067 (May 1, 2001) :: Demarco; People v., 168 A.D.3d 31 (N.Y. 2d 2018) :: 535 2274 De Martinez v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 1022, amended on reh'g, 374 Deshazior; U.S. v., 882 F.3d 1382 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 318, 320– F.3d 759 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1471, 1868 21, 323 De Martinez v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 759 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1866 Design Data Corp., 2014-PER-891 (Mar. 12, 2018) :: 1617, 1651 De Martinez v. Holder, 770 F.3d 823 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 141–42 Design Kitchen & Baths v. Lagos, 882 A.2d 817 (Md. App. Ct. De Mercado v. Mukasey, 566 F.3d 810 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 483, 2005) :: 2251 1764, 1778 Desir v. Ilchert, 840 F.2d 723 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 948, 1021, 1031, Demirchyan v. Holder, 641 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 2335 1848 Demjanjuk v. Holder, 563 F.3d 565 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 2089 Desna v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 896 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 636, 982, Demjanjuk v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 628 1002 Demjanjuk v. Petrovsky, 10 F.3d 338 (6th Cir. 1993) :: 626, 652, Desoto Fruit and Harvesting, Inc., 2019-TLC-32 (Mar. 1, 2019) :: 2325 1229 Demjanjuk; U.S. v., 367 F.3d 623 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 2324 DeSousa v. Demore, 169 F.Supp.2d 1169 (N.D. Cal. 2001) :: Demjanjuk; U.S. v., 838 F.Supp.2d 616 (N.D. Ohio 2012) :: 626 1144, 1148 Democracy Forward Found. v. DOJ, 354 F.Supp.3d 55 (D.D.C. DeSousa v. Reno, 190 F.3d 175 (3d Cir. 1999) :: 482 2018) :: 600 TABLE OF CASES 2495

De Souza v. Napolitano, 62 F.Supp.3d 175 (D. Mass. 2014) :: Diamond Valley Contracting LLC, 2009-PER-121 (June 23, 2009) 1456, 1961 :: 1611, 1712 De Souza Neto v. Smith, 272 F.Supp.3d 228 (D. Mass. 2017) :: Dia Navigation Corp. Ltd. v. Pomeroy, 34 F.3d 1255 (3d Cir. 761 1994) :: 1922 Despaigne v. Crolew, 89 F.Supp.2d 582 (E.D. Pa. 2000) :: 2130 Diane Simon, 2002-INA-44 (Aug. 28, 2002) :: 1687 Dessouki v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 915 F.3d 964 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 573, Diarrassouba v. Medallion Fin. Corp., 9 OCAHO no. 1076 (Nov. 2285 28, 2001) :: 2257, 2274 Desta v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 1179 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 476, 747, Dias Gomes v. Holder, 566 F.3d 232 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 803 856, 2059, 2095 Diaz, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 188 (BIA 2010) :: 168, 1481, 1817 Desta v. Ashcroft, 365 F.3d 741 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1741 Diaz v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 758 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 715, 719 Destin Fire Control Dist., 2013-TLN-40 (Mar. 20, 2013) :: 1255 Diaz v. McElroy, 134 F.Supp.2d 315 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 549 Detention Watch v. ICE, 215 F.Supp.3d 256 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) :: Diaz v. Pacific Maritime Ass'n, 9 OCAHO no. 1108 (2004) :: 2260, 616 2269, 2272 Detroit Free Press v. Ashcroft, 303 F.3d 681 (6th Cir. 2002) :: 630 Diaz v. Pan Am. World Airways, Inc., 442 F.2d 385 (5th Cir. 1971) Deus v. Holder, 591 F.3d 807 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 1745 :: 1675 Deutsch, In re; 286 A.D.2d 91 (1st Dep't N.Y. 2001) :: 655 Diaz v. Reno, 40 F.Supp.2d 984 (N.D. Ill. 1999) :: 1950, 1984 Deutsch v. INS, 943 F.Supp. 276 (W.D.N.Y. 1996) :: 479, 537 Diaz v. Schiltgen, 946 F.Supp. 762 (N.D. Cal. 1996) :: 259 De Vega v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 76, 335, 375 Diaz v. Sessions, 880 F.3d 244 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 1005, 1871 DeVera, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 340 (DD 1966) :: 1180 Diaz v. Sessions, 894 F.3d 222 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 635 Devi v. Silva, 861 F.Supp.2d 135 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) :: 2165 Diaz v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 730 F.App'x 890, 891 (11th Cir. 2018) :: Devison, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1362 (BIA 2000) :: 120, 375, 179 379–80, 394 Diaz; U.S. v., 519 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 441 Devitri v. Cronen, 289 F.Supp.3d 287 (D. Mass. 2018) :: 893, Diaz; U.S. v., 936 F.2d 786 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 426 1885, 1896 Diaz-Alarcon v. Flandez-Marcel, 944 F.3d 903 (1st Cir. 2019) :: Devitri v. Cronen, No. 17 Civ. 11842, 2017 WL 570752 (D. Mass. 187 Nov. 27, 2017) :: 765, 1980 Diaz-Amezcua v. Barr, 402 F.Supp.3d 963 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: DeWalt v. Sullivan, 963 F.2d 27 (3d Cir. 1992) :: 2176 1896 De Zavala v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 879 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 474, 567, Diaz-Argueta; U.S. v., 564 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 454 636, 650 Diaz-Bernal v. Myers, 758 F.Supp.2d 106 (D. Conn. 2010) :: De Zea v. Holder, 761 F.3d 75 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 790 2133, 2135, 2139, 2141 DFW Framing & Constr. Inc., 2019-TLN-145 (Sept. 19, 2019) :: Diaz-Covarrubias v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1245 698, 2042 DGN Techs. Inc., 2011-PER-1366 (July 31, 2015) :: 1628 Diaz Del Cid v. Barr, 394 F.Supp.3d 1342 (S.D. Fla. 2019) :: 248, DGN Techs., Inc., 2011-PER-2935 (Apr. 29, 2013) :: 1628 1896, 1906, 1933, 1946, 1984, 2102 DGN Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-332 (May 21, 2014) :: 1641 Diaz-Diaz; U.S. v., 135 F.3d 572 (8th Cir. 1998) :: 459 DGN Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-423 (Sept. 3, 2015) :: 1645 Diaz-Garcia, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 794 (BIA 2012) :: 329, 1828 DGN Techs. Inc., 2012-PER-1242 (Mar. 8, 2016) :: 1186, 1671, Diaz-Garcia v. Holder, 609 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 847, 969, 1673 998 DGN Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-1647 (Feb. 25, 2016) :: 1623, 1690 Diaz-Jimenez v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 955 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 184, DGN Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-1854 (Mar. 11, 2016) :: 1689 2199 Dhakal v. Sessions, 895 F.3d 532 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 927, 1051, Diaz-Lizarraga, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 847 (BIA 2016) :: 139–40, 1919 328, 2069 Dhanasar, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 884 (AAO 2016) :: 1533 Diaz-Lizarraga, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 847 (BIA 2016)) :: 139 Dhanoa; U.S. v., 402 F.Supp.3d 296 (D.S.C. 2019) :: 2326 Diaz-Magana v. Rogers, 81 F.3d 167 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 2174 DHG, Inc., 2012-PER-604 (Jan. 7, 2013) :: 1652 Diaz-Martinez; U.S. v., 380 F.Supp.3d 486 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 419 Dhillon v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal., 3 OCAHO no. 497 (Mar. Diaz-Nin; U.S. v., 221 F.Supp.2d 584 (D.V.I. 2002) :: 419 10, 1993) :: 2255 Diaz Ortiz v. Barr, 959 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 673, 963 Dhima v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 92 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 999 Diaz Ortiz v. Smith, 384 F.Supp.3d 140 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 529 Dhine v. Slattery, 3 F.3d 613 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 843, 866 Diaz-Perez v. Holder, 750 F.3d 961 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1463, 1841, Dhital v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 1044 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 864, 1898, 2062 1906, 1987 Diaz-Quirazco v. Barr, 931 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 300, 373– Dhoumo v. BIA, 416 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 784 75 DHS (Department of Homeland Security) v., see other party Diaz-Resendez v. INS, 960 F.2d 493 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 1759, Dhuka v. Holder, 716 F.3d 149 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 279, 1468, 1489, 1844, 2052, 2064 2074, 2078–79, 2183, 2241 Diaz-Ruacho, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 47 (BIA 2006) :: 1737–38 Dia v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 228 (3d Cir. 2003) (en banc) :: 473, 666, Diaz-Zanatta v. Holder, 558 F.3d 450 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 779–80 685, 694, 948, 984, 988, 991, 1813, 1902, 2063, 2094 Dicicco v. INS, 873 F.2d 910 (6th Cir. 1989) :: 2330 Diab v. Ashcroft, 397 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1014 Dickey v. Davis, 231 F.Supp.3d 634 (E.D. Cal. 2017) :: 444 Dial Auto Repair Shop, Inc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 481 (Comm. Dickinson v. Zurko, 527 U.S. 150 (1999) :: 1837 1986) :: 1597, 1603 Dickson, In re Marriage of; 337 P.3d 72 (Kan. App. 2014) :: 115 Diallo v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 687 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 853, 855 Dickson v. Ashcroft, 346 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 322, 326, 363, Diallo v. BIA, 548 F.3d 232 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 970 683 Diallo v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 764 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 951, 958 Didon v. Castillo, 838 F.3d 313 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 188 Diallo v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 624 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 985 Diego v. Sessions, 857 F.3d 1005 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 303, 350 Diallo v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 1274 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 861, 1055, Dielmann v. INS, 34 F.3d 851 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 1786, 1868 1987 Dieng v. Barr, 947 F.3d 956 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 1877 Diallo v. Holder, 715 F.3d 714 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 1974 Dieng v. Holder, 698 F.3d 866 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 938, 1021 Diallo v. Holmes, 288 F.Supp.2d 442 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1940 Dieuland v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 914 F.3d 189 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 707, Diallo v. INS, see M-D-, Matter of (21 I&N Dec. 1180) 721 Diallo v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 451 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 966 Digiblitz Techs. Private Ltd., 2010-PER-1304 (Nov. 10, 2011) :: Diallo v. Reno, 61 F.Supp.2d 1361 (N.D. Ga. 1999) :: 571, 1793, 1620, 1709 1951–52, 1985 Digilab v. Secretary of Labor, 495 F.2d 323 (1st Cir. 1974) :: 1714 Diallo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 596 F.3d 1329 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 788 Digital Tech. Solutions LLC, 2013-PER-3288 (Jan. 31, 2019) :: Diamond Oil, LLC, 2012-PER-895 (July 15, 2015) :: 1690 1677 Diamond Roofing Co., Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Re- Dignity Health v. Seare (In re Seare), 493 B.R. 158, 190 (Bankr. view Comm'n, 528 F.2d 645 (5th Cir. 1976) :: 2081 D. Nev. 2013) :: 655 2496 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Digrado v. Ashcroft, 184 F.Supp.2d 227 (N.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 1938, DLR Fruit & Vegetable, 2015-TLC-58 (July 14, 2015) :: 1233 1944, 1946, 1980 DLS Precision Fab LLC v. ICE, 867 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2017) :: Dijamco v. Wolf, 962 F.3d 999 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 1411, 1444, 1455 2214, 2222, 2229 Dill v. INS, 773 F.2d 25 (3d Cir. 1985) :: 1887 D-M-C-P-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 644 (BIA 2015) :: 669, 935, Dilley Pro Bono Project v. ICE, No. 1:17-cv-01055 (CRC) (D.D.C. 1113–14 Aug. 15, 2017) :: 267 D&M Leasing Inc., 2009-PER-345 (Sept. 1, 2009) :: 1639, 1712 Dillingham, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1001 (BIA 1997) :: 389, 393 DMPRO, Inc., (Mar. 24, 2016) :: 1643 Dillingham v. INS, 267 F.3d 996 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 148, 389, 393, D-Muhumed v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 388 F.3d 814 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 1969 888, 1004 Dilone v. Nielsen, 358 F.Supp.3d 490 (D. Md. 2019) :: 2303 DNP America, LLC, 2012-PER-335 (Oct. 6, 2015) :: 1615, 1637 D-I-M-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 448 (BIA 2008) :: 835, 837, 840, D-O-, Matter of; ID# 76247 (AAO May 5, 2017) :: 1538 843, 946 Doan v. INS, 160 F.3d 508 (8th Cir. 1998) :: 911, 2013 Dimaya, see Sessions v. Dimaya Doan v. INS, 311 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 760 Dimitrov v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 960 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 765, 2090 Dobere, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 188 (BIA 1990) :: 271, 940, 1818 Dimova v. Holder, 783 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 172 Dobric, Petition of; 189 F.Supp. 638 (D. Minn. 1960) :: 2299 Din v. Kerry, see Kerry v. Din Dobrota v. INS, 195 F.3d 970 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 845, 1038 Dina v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 793 F.2d 473 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 1155, Dobrova v. Holder, 607 F.3d 297 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 227, 2106 1161, 2042 Doctor's Help, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2017-LCA-24 (Apr. 2, Dine v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 89 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 2018) :: 1199 Ding, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 295 (BIA 2018) :: 332 Dodge; U.S. v., 597 F.3d 1347 (11th Cir. 2010) (en banc) :: 301, Ding v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 1131 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 990, 1028, 1328, 1442 1049, 1841, 2063, 2098 Dodig v. INS, 9 F.3d 1418 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1412 Dingena, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 723 (BIA 1966) :: 129, 137 Doe v. Att'y Gen. of the U.S., 956 F.3d 135 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 786, Diniz, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 447 (1975) :: 1415, 1789 801, 846, 849, 2036 Dinko Sefic v. Marconi Wireless, 9 OCAHO no. 1123 (Feb. 15, Doe v. Bin Laden, 580 F.Supp.2d 93 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 2154 2007) :: 2268 Doe v. Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 414 F.Supp.3d Dinko Sefic v. Marconi Wireless, 9 OCAHO no. 1125 (Nov. 29, 109 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2157 2007) :: 2271 Doe v. Drummond Co., Inc., 782 F.3d 576 (11th Cir. 2015) :: Dinnall v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 247 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 2117 2146, 2148 Dinu v. Ashcroft, 372 F.3d 1041 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 789 Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp., 69 F.Supp.3d 75 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 2144 Diogo; U.S. v., 320 F.2d 898 (2d Cir. 1963) :: 434, 1420 Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp., 391 F.Supp.3d 76 (D.D.C. 2019) :: Diop v. ICE, 656 F.3d 221 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 517, 542, 2032 2142 Diop v. Lynch, 807 F.3d 70 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 473, 705 Doe v. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 851 F.3d 7 (D.C. Diosa-Ortiz v. Ashcroft, 334 F.Supp.2d 27 (D. Mass. 2004) :: Cir. 2017) :: 2154 1501 Doe v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 445 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 380, 780 Diouf v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 1222 (9th Cir. 2008) (Diouf I) :: 547, Doe v. Hobson, 17 F.Supp.3d 1141 (M.D. Ala. 2014) :: 2016, 752, 754–56 2031 Diouf v. Napolitano, 634 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2011) (Diouf II) :: Doe v. Holder, 651 F.3d 824 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 946, 952, 971 547–48, 745, 751 Doe v. Holder, 736 F.3d 871 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 800, 838 Dipeppe v. Quarantillo, 337 F.3d 326 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 373, 1752, Doe v. Holder, 763 F.3d 251 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 777 1755 Doe v. Holy See, 557 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 2154 Di Pietro; U.S. v., 615 F.3d 1369 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 1420 Doe v. INS, 120 F.3d 200 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 396 Discipio v. Ashcroft, 417 F.3d 448 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 378 Doe v. INS, 867 F.2d 285 (6th Cir. 1989) :: 933, 1012 Discovery Networks Latin America-Iberia, 2011-PER-35 (Jan. 4, Doe v. Mattis, 928 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2018) :: 552, 2035 2012) :: 1626 Doe v. McAleenan, 415 F.Supp.3d 971 (S.D. Cal. 2019) :: 915 District of Columbia v. Wesby, 138 S.Ct. 577 (2018) :: 2162 Doe v. McAleenan, 926 F.3d 910 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1455, 1593 Distro Sys., Inc. v. USCIS, No. 20-cv-03268-DSF-KS (C.D. Cal. Doe v. McAleenan, 929 F.3d 478 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1568, 1593, June 2, 2020) :: 1183 2054 Disu v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 985 Doe v. Nelson, 703 F.Supp. 713 (N.D. Ill. 1988) :: 1916, 1991 Diva Int'l, Inc., 2013-PER-113 (Aug. 25, 2017) :: 1629 Doe v. Nestle, S.A., 748 F.Supp.2d 1057 (C.D. Cal. 2010) :: 2150 Diversified Tech. & Servs. of Va., Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. Doe v. Nestle, S.A. 906 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 2150 1095 (2003) :: 2260 Doe v. Nestle, S.A., 929 F.3d 623 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 2145 Diversified Tech. & Servs. of Virginia, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. Doe v. Office of Refugee Resettlement, 884 F.3d 269 (5th Cir. 1095 (2003) :: 2263, 2272, 2274 2018) :: 1558 Dixon v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 768 F.3d 1339 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 319, Doe v. Risch, 398 F.Supp.3d 647 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 1052, 1927 398 Doe v. Robertson, 751 F.3d 383 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 2164 Dixon; U.S. v., 327 F.3d 257 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 406 Doe v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Galveston-Houston, 408 Dixon; U.S. v., 536 F.2d 1388 (2d Cir.1976) :: 179 F.Supp.2d 272 (S.D. Tex. 2005) :: 2160 Dixon; U.S. v., 874 F.3d 678 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 318, 322, 450 Doe v. Saravia, 348 F.Supp.2d 1112 (E.D. Cal. 2004) :: 2142, D-J-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 572 (AG 2003) :: 516, 615, 1816 2147–49, 2151 Djadjou v. Holder, 662 F.3d 265 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 662, 962, 968 Doe v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 203 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 306–7, 353, 890 DJ Drywall, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1136 (July 14, 2010) :: Doe v. State of Israel, 400 F.Supp.2d 86 (D.D.C. 2005) :: 2160 2216–17, 2226–29, 2231 Doe v. Trump, 284 F.Supp.3d 1172 (W.D. Wash. 2018) :: 910, Djedovic v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 547 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 666–67, 2090 796 Doe v. U.S., 16 Cl. Ct. 412 (Ct. Cl. 1989) :: 433 Djibo; U.S. v., 151 F.Supp.3d 297 (E.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 504 Doe v. U.S., 831 F.3d 309 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 270 Djodeir v. Mayorkas, 657 F.Supp.2d 22 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1970, Doe v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 659 F.3d 266 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 77, 334, 1972, 1975 336, 342, 1830 Djonda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 514 F.3d 1168 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 1048 Doe v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 956 F.3d 135 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 1019, 1039 Djouma v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 685 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 992, 995, Doe v. USCIS, 410 F.Supp.3d 86 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1448, 1570– 1050 72, 1574, 1581, 1596 D-K-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 761 (BIA 2012) :: 782, 912, 1062, Doe; U.S. v., 701 F.2d 819 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 495 1846 Doe; U.S. v., 862 F.2d 776 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 445 DKM, Inc., DBA Copperhead Grille, 2019-TLN-143 (Aug. 29, Doe v. Wolf, 424 F.Supp.3d 1028 (S.D. Cal. 2020) :: 2023, 2032, 2019) :: 1246 2103 D.L.; U.S. v., 453 F.3d 1115 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 704, 715, 735 D-L- & A-M-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 409 (BIA 1991) :: 176 TABLE OF CASES 2497

Doe v. Wolf, 432 F.Supp.3d 1200 (S.D. Cal. 2020) :: 250, 782, Donna Ricco-FYC Apparel, 2010-PER-359 (Mar. 23, 2011) :: 915, 939, 1927 1671, 1673 Doe #1 v. Trump, 418 F.Supp.3d 573 (D. Or. 2019) :: 116 Donovan v. Lone Steer, Inc., 464 U.S. 408 (1984) :: 2208 Doe #1 v. Trump, 423 F.Supp.3d 1040 (D. Or. 2019) :: 2049 Dor v. District Director, INS, 891 F.2d 997 (2d Cir. 1989) :: 755 Doe #1 v. Trump, 944 F.3d 1222 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 116 Dorbor v. U.S., 379 F.Supp.3d 765 (W.D. Wis. 2019) :: 1061 Doe #1 v. Trump, 957 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 116 Dorisme v. Gonzales, 410 F.Supp.2d 79 (D. Conn. 2006) :: 1932 Doe a/k/a Hagla; U.S. v., 661 F.3d 550 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 437 Dorley v. Cardinale, 119 F.Supp.3d 345 (E.D. Pa. 2015) :: 1372, Doe, Estate of, v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 808 F.Supp.2d 1 1416 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 2157 Dormescar v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 690 F.3d 1258 (11th Cir. 2012) :: Doe I v. Buratai, 318 F.Supp.3d 218 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2155 301, 567–68, 628 Doe I v. Cisco Sys., Inc., 66 F.Supp.3d 1239 (N.D. Cal. 2014) :: Dorosh v. Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 379 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 950, 955 2146 Dorsaneo v. Dorsaneo, 261 F.Supp.3d 1052 (N.D. Cal. 2017) :: Doe I v. Nestle USA, Inc., 766 F.3d 1013 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 2146 116 Doe I v. State of Israel, 400 F.Supp.2d 86 (D.D.C. 2005) :: 2154 Dorsett; U.S. v., 308 F.Supp.2d 537 (D.V.I. 2003) :: 646, 716 Does v. Chao, 540 U.S. 614 (2004) :: 621 Dorval v. Barr, 414 F.Supp.3d 386 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1939 Dogan v. Barak, 932 F.3d 888 (9th Cir.2019) :: 2154 DOS (Department of State), see other party Doguet Rice Farm, 2018-TLC-3 (Nov. 9, 2017) :: 1229 Dos Reis v. McCleary, 200 F.Supp.3d 291 (D. Mass. 2016) :: Doherty v. INS, 908 F.2d 1108 (2d Cir. 1990), rev'd on other 1410, 1413, 2296, 2299, 2301 grounds, INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314 (1992) :: 749 Dos Santos v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 323 Doherty v. Meese, 808 F.2d 938 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 749, 2042 Double J Harvesting, Inc., 2019-TLC-57 (July 2, 2019) :: 1229 Doherty v. Thompson, 603 F.Supp.2d 745 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: Doubleverify, Inc., 2016-PER-206 (June 27, 2019) :: 1629, 1634 2167 Douglas, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 197 (BIA 2013) :: 1817, 2285 Doherty; INS v., 502 U.S. 314 (1992) :: 650, 1033, 1861, 1887, Douglas v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 230 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 2090 2005 Douglas v. Baker, 809 F.Supp. 131 (D.D.C. 1992) :: 2172, 2174, Dohou; U.S. v., 948 F.3d 621 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 439, 1958 2176–78 Doissaint v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1856 Douglas v. INS, 28 F.3d 241 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 1759, 1846 DOJ (Department of Justice), see other party Douglas v. U.S., 796 F.Supp.2d 1354 (M.D. Fla. 2011) :: 2135–37 Dokic v. INS, 899 F.2d 530 (6th Cir. 1990) :: 2000, 2101 Doug Sik Kwon v. INS, 646 F.2d 909 (5th Cir. 1981) :: 2112 Do Kyung Lee, Matter of; 2013 WL 6269308 (BIA Nov. 5, 2013) :: Doultsinos, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 153 (DD 1957) :: 1179 1297, 1308 Doumbia v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 957 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 663, 671, Dolan v. U.S., 560 U.S. 605 (2010) :: 391, 2114 673, 1001 Dolic v. Barr, 916 F.3d 680 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 126 Dove Homes, Inc., 1987-INA-680 (1988) :: 1701 Dolin, Thomas & Solomon, LLP v. DOL, 719 F.Supp.2d 245 Downey Orthopedic Med. Grp., 1987-INA-674 (1988) :: 1656 (W.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 607, 617 Downs v. Holder, 758 F.3d 994 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 184, 484, 679, Doloma, Inc., 2012-PER-606 (Aug. 20, 2015) :: 1638 2188, 2199 Dolores v. INS, 772 F.2d 223 (6th Cir. 1985) :: 2099 Downs-Morgan v. U.S., 765 F.2d 1534 (11th Cir. 1985) :: 384 Domenic's Italian Ristorante & Deli, 2011-PER-2809 (Mar. 1, Doyle v. DOJ, 668 F.2d 1365 (D.C. Cir. 1981) :: 618 2013) :: 1653 Doyle; U.S. v., 129 F.3d 1372 (10th Cir. 1997) :: 495 Dominguez v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 678 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 835 D-R-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 445 (BIA 2011) :: 176, 178, 212, Dominguez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 284 F.3d 1258 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 282, 665, 696, 1495 714–15, 719 D-R-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA 2017) :: 176, 211, 779, Dominguez; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 876 (July 1, 1996) :: 467 2076 Dominguez; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1000 (1998) :: 467 Dr. Afshin Abdollahi DMD, Inc., 2008-PER-9 (BALCA Dec. 17, Dominguez; U.S. v., 479 F.3d 345 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 322 2007) :: 1623 Dominguez; U.S. v., 661 F.3d 1051 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 425–26, Dragan v. Heckler, 1985 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18961 (D.D.C.) :: 1506 428, 430, 784 Dragenice v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 183 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 573 Dominguez-Capistran v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2006) Dragenice v. Ridge, 389 F.3d 92 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 1944, 2336 :: 716, 721 Dragon Palace Chinese Cuisine, 2011-PER-1284 (Aug. 10, 2012) Dominguez-Herrera v. Sessions, 850 F.3d 411 (8th Cir. 2017) :: :: 1626 139, 285, 376 Drakes v. Ashcroft, 323 F.3d 189 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 2288 Dominguez-Pulido v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 837 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 123, Drakes v. INS, 330 F.3d 600 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 382, 1945 138, 474, 479, 672, 826, 2125 Drakes v. Zimski, 240 F.3d 246 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 338, 344, 366 Dominguez-Rodriguez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 408 (BIA 2014) :: Drax v. Reno, 338 F.3d 98 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 294–95, 1754, 2108, 293 2122 Dominka Montgomery & James Montgomery, 2016-TLN-62 (Aug. Dr. Deza's Dental Office, 2010-PER-113 (Feb. 11, 2011) :: 1629 29, 2016) :: 1245, 1255 Dream Enterprise, Inc. d/b/a Hananoki, 2012-PER-1157 (Aug. 24, Domond v. INS, 244 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 1756 2015) :: 1644, 1652, 1694 Don v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1003 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1856) :: 2279 Donahue v. U.S., 634 F.3d 615 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 2133 Dr. Haig Rickerby Dental Office, 2009-PER-197 (Oct. 30, 2009) :: Donaire v. NME Hospital, Inc., 27 F.3d 507 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 1645, 1712 2131 Dridi v. Chertoff, 412 F.Supp.2d 465 (E.D. Pa. 2006) :: 1949 Donawa v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 735 F.3d 1275 (11th Cir. 2013) :: Driessen Aircraft Interior Sys., 1993-INA-82 (Jan. 11, 1995) :: 312–13, 348, 358 1686 Donchev v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 1206 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 827 Drigo, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 223 (BIA 1982) :: 1380, 1448 Dong v. Ashcroft, 406 F.3d 110111-12 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 982 Driscoll v. George Washington Univ., 55 F.Supp.3d 106 (D.D.C. Dong v. Chertoff, 513 F.Supp.2d 1158 (N.D. Cal. 2007) :: 1449, 2014) :: 2180 1928, 1948, 1970 Dr. Kim's Dental, Inc., 2013-PER-3008 (Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1675 Dong v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 573 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 867, 956, 978, Drobny v. INS, 947 F.2d 241 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 686, 695, 1759 984, 996, 1015, 1023, 1050 Drop v. Holder, 586 F.3d 587 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 663–64, 666 Dong v. Holder, 587 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1027 Drozd v. INS, 155 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 2282 Dong v. Slattery, 84 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 1927 Dr. Robert Schaus, D.D.S.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1236 (2014) :: Dongsheng Huang v. Ultimo Software Solutions, Inc., 2008-LCA- 2228 11 (Dec. 17, 2008), aff'd, ARB Nos. 09-044 and 09-056 Dr. Robert Schaus, D.D.S.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1239 (Dec. 30 (Mar. 31, 2011) :: 1216 2014) :: 2217, 2222 Dongsheng Huang v. Ultimo Software Solutions, Inc., 2008-LCA- Dr. Steven Batash, 2012-PER-374 (Aug. 19, 2014) :: 1629 11, ARB No. 12-71 (ARB May 30, 2012) :: 1219 Drummond; U.S. v., 240 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 322 2498 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Dryden v. Green, 321 F.Supp.3d 496 (D.N.J. 2018) :: 518, 548 Duvall v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 436 F.3d 382 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 567, 725, The Drywall Doctors, 2009-PER-335 (BALCA Aug. 6, 2009) :: 2109 1632 Duy Tho Hy v. Gillen, 588 F.Supp.2d 122 (D. Mass. 2008) :: Drywall Sys., Inc., 2003-INA-148 (Apr. 29, 2004) :: 1700 1941, 1943, 2009 Du v. Chertoff, 539 F.Supp.2d 1049 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 1949, D-V-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 77 (BIA 1993) :: 837, 1018 1952 DVB Transport LLC, 2015-PER-361 (Dec. 6, 2016) :: 1638, Duad v. U.S., 556 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 474, 664 1641–42, 1682 Duamutef v. INS, 386 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 755, 766, 1935, Dwomoh v. Sava, 696 F.Supp. 970 (S.D.N.Y. 1988) :: 876, 1835 1951, 1982 Dwumaah v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 609 F.3d 586 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 283, Duane Offield Racing Stables, 2012-PER-884 (Feb. 25, 2013) :: 671 1613 D-X- & Y-Z-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 664 (BIA 2012) :: 854, 856, Duarte-Acero; U.S. v., 296 F.3d 1277 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 579 926, 1732 Duarte-Ceri v. Holder, 630 F.3d 83 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 2112, 2284, Dyer; U.S. v., 325 F.3d 464 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 462 2287 Dynatech/U-Z, Inc., 1988-INA-230 (1989) :: 1700 Duarte de Guinac v. INS, 179 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 792, D-Y-S-C-, Matter of; Adopted Decision, 2019-02 (AAO Oct. 11, 837, 842, 869, 966 2019) :: 1550 Duarte-Luna, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 325 (BIA 2014) :: 900, 904 Dyson v. District of Columbia, 710 F.3d 415 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: Duarte-Salagosa v. Holder, 775 F.3d 841 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1994 2264 DuBois Farms, Inc.; U.S. v., 2 OCAHO no. 376 (1991) :: 2187 Dzyuba v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 955 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 748 Duchneskie, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 583 (Dist. Dir. 1966) :: 1156 Duckett, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 493 (BIA 1987) :: 1121 E Ducret, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 620 (BIA 1976) :: 152, 275, 1791 Du Daobin v. Cisco Sys., Inc., 2 F.Supp.3d 717 (D. Md. 2014) :: E-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 505 (BIA 1943) :: 134 2145 E-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 134 (BIA 1944) :: 133, 135 Duenas-Alvarez v. Holder, 733 F.3d 812 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 364, E-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 328 (BIA 1945) :: 136 679, 682, 684 E-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 239 (BIA 1951) :: 1408 Dugboe v. Holder, 644 F.3d 462 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 183, 585, 981 E-A-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 2012) :: 851, 875–76 Dugdale v. CBP, 88 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 1907, 1946 E-A-A-, Matter of; ID# 77902 (AAO Dec. 27, 2016) :: 1537 Duhaney v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 621 F.3d 340 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 379, EAC 05 096 52098 (DHS), In re; 2008 WL 5745526 (AAO Dec. 9, 568, 628, 1834 2008) :: 667 Dukuly v. Filip, 553 F.3d 1147 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1741, 1975 EAC, Inc., Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 556 (BIA 2008) :: 654 Dulal-Whiteway v. DHS, 501 F.3d 116 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 295, 363, E-Advance LLC., 2014-PER-83 (Jan. 10, 2019) :: 1668 2033, 2081, 2085 E.A.F.F. v. U.S., 955 F.Supp.2d 707 (W.D. Tex. 2013) :: 2163 Dulane v. INS, 46 F.3d 988 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 784, 1772, 1889 E-A-G-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 591 (BIA 2008) :: 806, 809, 812, Dunat v. Hurney, 297 F.2d 744 (3d Cir. 1961) :: 793 824 Dunaway v. New York, 442 U.S. 200 (1979) :: 483, 496 Eain v. Wilkes, 641 F.2d 504 (7th Cir. 1981) :: 907 Duncan v. Barr, 919 F.3d 209 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 895, 2287 E-A-L-O-, Matter of; Adopted Decision, 2019-04 (AAO Oct. 11, Duncan v. Kahanamoku, 327 U.S. 304 (1946) :: 551 2019) :: 1550 Duncan; U.S. v., 396 F.Supp.2d 210 (D. Conn. 2005) :: 419 E-A-O-, Matter of; ID# 13396 (AAO Denver May 25, 2016) :: 162 Dung Phan v. Holder, 667 F.3d 448 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 374, 380 Earle v. INS, 239 F.Supp.3d 234 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 749–50, 1952, Dung Phan v. Holder, 722 F.Supp.2d 659 (E.D. Va. 2010) :: 120, 1982 375 Earle; U.S. v., 488 F.3d 537 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 321, 673 Dunkin Donuts, 2008-PER-135 (Jan. 5, 2009) :: 1633 Earthbound Farm, 2012-PER-287 (May 9, 2014) :: 1625 Dunlop v. Bachowski, 421 U.S. 560 (1975) :: 1991 EASI, LLC, 2015-PER-363 (Nov. 28, 2018) :: 1674 Dunn v. U.S., 775 F.2d 99 (3d Cir. 1985) :: 2175 Eason; U.S. v., 953 F.3d 1184 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 292, 312, 326, Durable, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1221 (June 5, 2014) :: 354, 451 2211, 2236 East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Barr, 385 F.Supp.3d 922 (N.D. Durable, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1231 (CAHO Oct. 23, 2014) Cal. 2019) :: 856 :: 2215–16, 2225, 2227 East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Barr, 934 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. Durable Mfg. Co. v. DOL, 578 F.3d 497 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1595– 2019) :: 856, 1954 96, 1657, 2119, 2121 East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Barr, __ F.3d __, 2020 WL Duracraft of Georgia Siding & Window Co., 2008-PER-149 (Feb. 3637585 (9th Cir. July 6, 2020) :: 856 25, 2009) :: 1670 East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Trump, 354 F.Supp.3d 1094 Duran, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 1989) :: 619 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 2049 Duran v. INS, 756 F.2d 1338 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 597, 1773, 2010 East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Trump, 932 F.3d 742 (9th Cir. Duran Gonzales v. DHS, 508 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 168, 2018) :: 2017, 2020 743, 1487, 1955, 2104 East Bay Sanctuary Covenant v. Trump, 950 F.3d 1242 (9th Cir. Duran Gonzales v. DHS, No. CO6-1411 (W.D. Wash. Mar. 6, 2020) :: 775, 914, 1913, 1923, 2021 2014) :: 169 East Coast Foods, Inc., d/b/a Roscoe's House of Chicken N Waf- Duran Gonzalez v. DHS, 712 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 585, fles; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1281 (June 8, 2016) :: 2228 2067 East Coast Labor Solutions, LLC, 2010-TLC-27 (Jan. 5, 2010) :: Duran-Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1158 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 1244 744–45, 1989 Eastern Airlines, Inc. Flight No. 798, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 57 Duran-Ortega v. U.S. Att'y Gen., No. 18-14563-D (11th Cir. Nov. (BIA 1989) :: 464 29, 2018) :: 2089 Eastern Carpet House, Inc. v. DHS, 430 F.Supp.2d 672 (S.D. Duran-Pichardo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 695 F.3d 282 (3d Cir. 2012) :: Tex. 2006) :: 614, 1296, 1962 2307 East Tennessee State Univ., 2010-PER-38 (Apr. 18, 2011) (en Duran-Rodriguez v. Barr, 918 F.3d 1025 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 849 banc) :: 1637, 1660, 1703 Durgac v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 849 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 995, 1014 E.B. v. DOS, 422 F.Supp.3d 81 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1954 Duron v. Johnson, 898 F.3d 644 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 482, 566, 766, Ebenezer Mission Church, 2010-PER-1232 (Nov. 15, 2011) :: 1978 1648 Duron-Caldera; U.S. v., 737 F.3d 988 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 401 Eberhart v. U.S., 546 U.S. 12 (2005) :: 1819, 2114 Duron-Ortiz v. Holder, 698 F.3d 523 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1761 Ebolum; U.S. v., 72 F.3d 35 (6th Cir. 1995) :: 459 The Durrant Grp., Inc., 2012-PER-244 (July 21, 2014) :: 1613 Ebrahim v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 880 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1401, 1963 Dusenberry v. U.S., 534 U.S. 161 (2002) :: 718 E-B-S-, Matter of; ID# 1094485 (AAO Feb. 14, 2018) :: 1184 Duthie Electronic Corp., 1989-INA-182 (1989) :: 1666 eBusiness Applications Solutions, Inc., 2005-INA-87 (Dec. 6, Duvall v. Elwood, 336 F.3d 228 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 1943, 1994 2006) :: 1688 TABLE OF CASES 2499

E-C-H-, Matter of; ID# 77734 (AAO Dec. 27, 2016) :: 1536 Ehrlich v. Perez, 908 A.2d 1220 (Md. 2006) :: 1511 Echavarria v. Pitts, 641 F.3d 92 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 532 U.S. ex rel. Eichenlaub v. Shaughnessy, 338 U.S. 521 (1950) :: Eche v. Holder, 694 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 2295 576 Echevarria v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1485 Eid v. Thompson, 740 F.3d 118 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 177, 479, 1394, Echeverria, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 512 (BIA 2011) :: 901–2, 1818 1401, 1415, 1418–19, 1788–89, 1995 Echon v. Sackett, No. 1:14-cv-03420-PAB-NYW, Doc. #205, EIMCO Process Equip. Co., 1988-INA-216 (1989) :: 1666 2018 WL 1459704 (D. Colo. Feb. 14, 2018) :: 2250 E-J-C-D-H-, Matter of; ID# 1519291 (AAO Sept. 19, 2018) :: 1537 Ecole Bilingue de la Nouvelle-Orleans, 2016-PER-729 (Dec. 6, Ekasinta v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 1188 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 1815, 2019) :: 1668 1972, 2066 Econo Inn Corp. v. Rosenberg, 145 F.Supp.3d 708 (E.D. Mich. Eke v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 372 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 333, 335, 341, 2015) :: 1604–5 701, 738, 814 Economy Packing Co. v. Illinois Workers' Com. Comm'n, 901 Ekekhor v. Aljets, 979 F.Supp. 640 (N.D. Ill. 1997) :: 46, 253, 549 N.E. 2d 915 (1st Dist. 2008) :: 2251 Ekimian v. INS, 303 F.3d 1153 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 698, 1865, 1869 E.D. v. Sharkey, 928 F.3d 299 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 265, 270, 2130, Ekiu v. U.S., 142 U.S. 651 (1892) :: 37, 40 2163 Ekpin; U.S. v., 214 F.Supp.2d 707 (S.D. Tex. 2002) :: 2300, Eddie E. v. Superior Court, 183 Cal.Rptr.3d 773 (Cal. Ct.App. 2323, 2325 2015) :: 1552 E-L-, Matter of; ID# 784849 (AAO Dec. 8, 2017) :: 1538 Edelweiss Mfg. Co., 1987-INA-562 (1988) :: 1706 Elaasar v. Mueller, 522 F.Supp.2d 932 (N.D. Ohio 2007) :: 2031, Eden, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 209 (BIA 1990) :: 398 2333 Edible Arrangements, 2012-PER-1841 (May 13, 2016) :: 1617, El-Abaidy v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 622 F.App'x 816, 819 (11th Cir. 1646 2015) :: 667 Edible Arrangements, 2012-PER-1841 (May 23, 2016) :: 1707 Elashi v. Sabol, 714 F.Supp.2d 502 (M.D. Pa. 2010) :: 751 Edimo-Doualla v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 276 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 786, Elastic Stop Nut of Am., 1990-INA-301 (Apr. 15, 1993) :: 1692 795, 800, 832, 957–58, 978, 1009, 1039 Elatos Restaurant Corp. v. Sava, 632 F.Supp. 1049 (S.D.N.Y. Edionseri v. Sessions, 860 F.3d 1101 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 785 1986) :: 1457, 1605 E-D-J-B-F-, Matter of; ID#16141 (AAO, Baltimore Apr. 20, 2016) El Azteca Dunkirk; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1172 (Mar. 13, 2013) :: 1556 :: 2232 Edobor v. Onyango, 944 F.Supp.2d 1338 (N.D. Ga. 2013) :: 2332 El Badrawi v. DHS, 556 F.Supp.2d 389 (D. Conn. 2009) :: 1085 Edson, In re; 530 A.2d 1246 (S.Ct. N.J.1987) :: 655 El Badrawi v. DHS, 579 F.Supp.2d 249 (D. Conn. 2008) :: 279, Edu v. Holder, 624 F.3d 1137 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 891, 1012, 1988, 1101, 1489, 2183, 2241 2097 El Badrawi v. DHS, 583 F.Supp.2d 285 (D. Conn. 2008) :: 609 Eduard v. Ashcroft, 379 F.3d 182 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 795, 840, El Badrawi v. DHS, 596 F.Supp.2d 389 (D. Conn. 2009) :: 607, 846–47, 850, 894, 931, 1010 617 Eduardo Velez, M.D., 1999-INA-302 (June 7, 2000) :: 1672 El Badrawi v. U.S., 787 F.Supp.2d 204 (D. Conn. 2011) :: 279, Edward J. Tierney, 2009-PER-314 (July 13, 2009) :: 1612 1101, 2072, 2136 Edwards, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 191 (BIA 1990) :: 1759, 1835 Elbahja v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 590, 592–93 Edwards v. Bryson, 884 F.Supp.2d 202 (E.D. Pa. 2012) :: 2317 Elbez v. INS, 767 F.2d 1313 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1914 Edwards v. INS, 393 F.3d 299 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1727, 1756, 1792, El Boqueron, Ltd., 2012-PER-164 (Apr. 28, 2014) :: 1666 1841, 2098 El Cenizo, City of, v. Texas, 890 F.3d 164 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 53, Edwards v. Johnson, 209 F.3d 772 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 2003, 2130, 510, 535 2140 Elcock v. Streiff, 554 F.Supp.2d 1279 (S.D. Ala. 2008) :: 754 Edwards v. Prime, Inc., 602 F.3d 1276 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 2254 Eldeeb v. Chertoff, 619 F.Supp.2d 1190 (M.D. Fla. 2007) :: 1930, Edwards Fish Enterprises, Inc. v. INS (W.D. Wash. 1986) :: 1284 1950, 1964 Edward Simon, 2011-PER-205 (Jan. 4, 2013) :: 1652 El Doour v. Chertoff, 417 F.Supp.2d 679 (W.D. Pa. 2005) :: 2331 E.E. Hernandez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 397 (BIA 2014) :: 136, Electronic Frontier Found. v. DOJ, 563 F.Supp.2d 188 (D.D.C. 2080, 2082 2008) :: 603 EEOC v. City of Joliet, 239 F.R.D. 490 (N.D. Ill. 2006) :: 2254 Electronic Privacy Info. v. CBP, 160 F.Supp.3d 354 (D.D.C. 2016) EEOC v. Hacienda Hotel, 881 F.2d 1504 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 2251 :: 610 EEOC v. Maritime Autowash, 820 F.3d 662 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 2252 Electronic Privacy Info. Ctr. v. DHS, 999 F.Supp.2d 61 (D.D.C. EEOC v. Shell Oil Co., 466 U.S. 54 (1984) :: 2268 2013) :: 2179 EEOC v. Tortilleria 'La Mejor,' 758 F.Supp. 585 (E.D. Cal. 1991) :: Electronic Privacy Info. Ctr. v. NSA, 678 F.3d 926 (D.C. Cir. 2251, 2257 2012) :: 617 EEOC & Davis v. J&R Baker Farms, Inc., 2016 WL 5225310 Eleri v. Sessions, 852 F.3d 879 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 228, 1393, 2106 (M.D. Ga. July 6, 2016) :: 1242, 2251 Eletheria Restaurant Corp., d/b/a Zodiac Café, 2008-PER-148 Efagene v. Holder, 642 F.3d 918 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 137, 144 (Jan. 9, 2009) :: 1646, 1712 Efe v. Ashcroft, 293 F.3d 899 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 866, 921, 933, Eleven Vehicles; U.S. v., 966 F.Supp. 361 (E.D. Pa. 1997) :: 433, 1004, 1032 2172 Efficiency3 Corp.; Administrator, WHD v., 2014-LCA-7 (Sept. 16, Elfeky v. Johnson, 232 F.Supp.3d 695 (E.D. Pa. 2017) :: 221, 2014) :: 1198 1456, 1962, 1967, 2053 E-F-H-L-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 319 (BIA 2014), referred to AG El-Gazawy v. Holder, 690 F.3d 852 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1864, 1882 and vacated on procedural grounds, 27 I&N Dec. 226 (AG Elgendi, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 515 (BIA 2002), superseded by 2018) :: 850, 866, 934–35 U.S. v. Simpson, 319 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 313 Efstathiadis v. Holder, 752 F.3d 591 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 126, 129, El Gharani v. Bush, 593 F.Supp.2d 144 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 553 2089 Elgharib v. Napolitano, 600 F.3d 597 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 1895, Egan v. Weiss, 119 F.3d 106 (2d Cir. 1997) :: 1446 1910, 1978, 1981 Egbuna v. Time-Life Libraries, Inc., 153 F.3d 184 (4th Cir. 1998) E-L-H-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 700 (AG 2004) :: 1816 (en banc) :: 2251 E-L-H-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 814 (BIA 2005) :: 1816 Egbunine, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 478 (BIA 1987) :: 1405, 1470 El-Hadad v. U.S., 377 F.Supp.2d 42 (D.D.C. 2005) :: 1492, 1938, Ege v. DHS, 784 F.3d 791 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 236 1943, 2012 EG Enterprises, Inc. v. DHS, 467 F.Supp.2d 728 (E.D. Mich. Elhady v. Kable, 391 F.Supp.3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 210, 234 2006) :: 1179, 1183–84, 1186 Elhaj-Chehade v. University of Texas S.W. Med. Sch., 8 OCAHO Eggleston v. Chi Journeymen plumbers Local Union No. 130, 657 no. 1022 (1999) :: 2273 F.2d 890 (7th Cir. 1981) :: 2265 Elhajomar v. City & Cnty. of Honolulu, 1 OCAHO no. 246 (Oct. 4, Eguchi v. Kelly, No. 3:16-CV-1286-D, 2017 WL 2902667 (N.D. 1990) :: 2256, 2274 Tex. July 7, 2017) :: 1521 El Himri v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 847, 862 Eguilos; U.S. v., 383 F.Supp.3d 1014 (E.D. Cal. 2019) :: 137, Elia v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 268 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 474, 571, 1755, 2295 1793, 1895, 2034 2500 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Elias v. DOS, 721 F.Supp. 243 (N.D. Cal. 1989) :: 43–44 Employer Solutions Staffing Grp. II, LLC; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. Elias v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 444 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 979 1242 (Jan. 20, 2015) :: 2186, 2223 Elias-Zacarias; INS v., 502 U.S. 478 (1992) :: 793, 803–4, 806, Employment Standards Admin. v. Synergy Sys., Inc., 2004-LCA- 948, 1022–23, 1038, 2063 22 (Mar. 5, 2004) :: 1211 Elien v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 392 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 813, 825, 882, Employment USA, LLC, 2014-TAE-3 (Sept. 1, 2015) :: 1238 892, 946 E-N-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 153 (1956) :: 147 Elim Church of God v. Harris, 722 F.3d 1137 (9th Cir. 2013) :: Enahoro v. Abubakar, 408 F.3d 877 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 2148, 2150, 1595–96, 1657 2154, 2160 Elite Limousine Plus, Inc., 2007-INA-70, et al. (BALCA May 22, Enamorado-Rodriguez v. Barr, 941 F.3d 589 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 2008) :: 1654, 1687 824, 828, 1005 Elizour v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 1143 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 853, 855 Encarnacion v. State, 763 S.E.2d 463 (Ga. 2014) :: 386 El Jalisco Mexican Restaurant, 2007-INA-10 (Dec. 10, 2007) :: Encarnacion; U.S. v., 56 F.Supp.2d 151 (D.P.R. 1999) :: 462 1699 Encarnacion; U.S. v., 239 F.3d 395 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 409 Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94 (1884) :: 2280 Encarnacion-Galvez; U.S. v., 964 F.2d 402 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 415, El-Khader v. Monica, 366 F.3d 562 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1456, 1957, 418 1963 Encino Motorcars v. Navarro, 136 S.Ct. 2117 (2016) :: 2054, Elkimya v. DHS, 484 F.3d 151 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 254, 531, 550, 2081, 2084 1936, 2090 Encore NG Servs., Inc., 2015-PER-252 (Dec. 7, 2016) :: 1661 Elkins v. Comfort, 245 F.Supp.2d 1161 (D. Colo. 2003), overruled Encuentro Del Canto Popular v. Christopher, 944 F.Supp. 805 on other grounds, 392 F.3d 1159 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 41, 43, (N.D. Cal. 1996) :: 2012 276, 389, 393–94, 481 E-N-D-C-, Matter of; ID#16264 (AAO May 16, 2016) :: 168 Elkins v. Moreno, 435 U.S. 647 (1978) :: 1071, 1073, 1108, 1125, Endo, Ex parte, 323 U.S. 283 (1944) :: 1938 1323 Eneh v. Holder, 601 F.3d 943 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 883, 885, 1843 El-Labaki v. Mukasey, 544 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1043 Enerdel, Inc., 2010-PER-1060 (Dec. 12, 2011) :: 1648 Ellerbe Becket, Inc., 2010-PER-814 (July 18, 2011) :: 1624 En Gao v. Holder, 721 F.3d 893 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1877 Elliot v. DOS, 122 F.Supp.3d 39 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 2167, 2334 Engineering Tech., Inc., 1989-INA-10 (1990) :: 1687 Ellis, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 641 (BIA 1993) :: 516 English v. Sava, 571 F.Supp. 1029 (S.D.N.Y. 1983) :: 499 Ellis; U.S. v., 330 F.3d 677 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 499 En Hui Huang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 620 F.3d 372 (3d Cir. 2010) :: Ellul v. Congregation of Christian Bros., 774 F.3d 791 (2d Cir. 894, 1836 2014) :: 2146, 2148 Enrique & Adriana Viano, 1998-INA-4 (May 25, 1999) :: 1687 Elmakhzoumi v. Sessions, 883 F.3d 1170 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 305 Enriquez, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 554 (BIA 1988) :: 1405, 1470 El-Moussa v. Holder, 569 F.3d 250 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 972 Enriquez-Alvarado v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 246 (5th Cir. 2004) :: Elnager v. INS, 930 F.2d 784 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 1844 1870 El-Omrani v. Director, USIA, 638 F.Supp. 430 (W.D. Pa. 1986) :: Enriquez-Gutierrez v. Holder, 612 F.3d 400 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 650, 1161 1749, 1751–52, 1848, 1897 Elrawy; U.S. v., 448 F.3d 309 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 442 Enternet Bus. Sys., Inc., 2013-PER-1140 (Apr. 28, 2017) :: 1666 El Rescate Legal Servs., Inc. v. EOIR, 959 F.2d 742 (9th Cir. Enterprise Bus. Solutions, Inc., 2010-PER-444 (Mar. 29, 2011) :: 1992) :: 696, 945, 1916 1666 El Rio Grande, 1998-INA-133 (BALCA, Feb. 4, 2000) (en banc) :: Entines v. U.S., 160 F.Supp.3d 208 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 2280 1204 Environmental Def. v. Duke Energy Corp., 549 U.S. 561 (2007) :: El Shami; U.S. v., 434 F.3d 659 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 415–16, 420 2110, 2113 El-Sheikh v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 643 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 950, 956 Environmental Quality, Inc., 2018-TLN-161 (Sept. 21, 2018) :: Eltayeb v. Ingham, 950 F.Supp. 95 (S.D.N.Y. 1997) :: 1937, 1942 1246 Elysee v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 221 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1905 Enwonwu v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 22 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 570, 908, Elzahabi; U.S. v., 517 F.Supp.2d 1121 (D. Minn. 2007), aff'd on 1029–30, 1988, 1992 other grounds, 557 F.3d 879 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 434, 1420 Enying Li v. Holder, 738 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 977 Elzour v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 1143 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 990, 997 Eny Textiles, Inc., 1987-INA-641 (1988) :: 1696 Emami v. Nielsen, 365 F.Supp.3d 1009 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 219, E.O.H.C. v. Secretary, DHS, 950 F.3d 177 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 524, 480, 1925 915, 1932, 1989 Emami v. Nielsen, 2020 WL 3035777 (N.D. Cal. June 5, 2020) :: EOIR v. National Ass'n of Immigr. Judges, 66 FLRA No. 41 (Sept. 219, 480 30, 2011) :: 731 Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations Church E-P-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 860 (BIA 1997) :: 842, 948, 1847 v. Holder, 6 F.Supp.3d 559 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 1544, 1852 Epee v. Caterisano, 402 F.Supp.2d 589 (D. Md. 2005) :: 2330 Emejulu v. INS, 989 F.2d 771 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 1944 Epic Sys. Corp. v. Lewis, 584 U.S. __, 138 S.Ct. 1612 (2018) :: Ememe v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 446 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 695, 945, 989, 2072 996 Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis, 138 S.Ct. 1612 (2018) :: 2250 Emerald Coast Title Servs. Inc., 2010-PER-1283 (Oct. 4, 2011) :: EPI Ltd. P'ship, 2008-PER-4 (Apr. 28, 2008) :: 1542, 1622 1709 Equal Access Educ. v. Merten, 305 F.Supp.2d 585 (E.D. Va. Emerald Terrace Convalescent Hospital, 2003-INA-17 (June 17, 2004) :: 49, 2020, 2023 2004) :: 1666 Equal Access Educ. v. Merten, 325 F.Supp.2d 655 (E.D. Va. Emile v. INS, 244 F.3d 183 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 296, 303 2004) :: 155 Emily Walder, 2003-INA-134 (June 18, 2004) :: 1612 E-R-A-L-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 767 (BIA 2020) :: 823, 1007 E-M-, Inc., Matter of; ID#742881 (AAO Dec. 20, 2017) :: 1184 Erbas v. Parra, No. H-87-546, 1988 WL 22815 (S.D. Tex. Mar. 8, Emma M., In re; 74 A.D. 3d 968 (N.Y.S. 2nd Dep't. 2010) :: 1553 1988) :: 1915, 2241 Emmanuel v. INS, 579 F.Supp. 1541 (D.V.I. 1984) :: 1916 Erick M.; State v., 820 N.W.2d 639 (Neb. 2012) :: 1552 U.S. ex rel. Emma Tirella v. Klausner Lumber One, LLC, No. 16- Eriksmoen Cottages, LTD.; U.S. v., 14 OCAHO no. 1355 (May 1, cv-203-J-32JBT (M.D. Fla. Mar. 2, 2016) :: 1593 2020) :: 87 Emma Willard Sch., 2010-PER-1101 (Sept. 28, 2011) :: 1639 Erik Sussman, 2012-PER-1339 (Apr. 28, 2016) :: 1661–62, 1707 Emokah v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 175, 178, Erler v. Erler, 824 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 114–16 273, 1463, 1971, 1985 E-R-M-F- & A-S-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 580 (BIA 2011) :: 487, Emory Univ., 2011-PWD-1 and -2 (Feb. 27, 2012) :: 1681–82, 497, 508, 794, 808, 830 1706 Ermini v. Vittori, 758 F.3d 153 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 188 Empire Bookbinding, Inc., 2000-INA-283 (Jan. 15, 2002) :: 1699 E-R-M- & L-R-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 520 (BIA 2011) :: 245, Employer Solutions Staffing Grp. II, LLC v. OCAHO, 833 F.3d 558, 565, 1058 480 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 2080–81, 2186 Ernst & Young, 2011-PER-2027 (May 31, 2013) :: 1616 Employer Solutions Staffing Grp. II, LLC; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. Errico; INS v., 385 U.S. 214 (1966) :: 693, 1791, 2111 1234 (Oct. 24, 2014) :: 2268 Esaka v. Ashcroft, 397 F.3d 1105 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 982 TABLE OF CASES 2501

Escaler v. USCIS, 582 F.3d 288 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 2330 Esponda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 453 F.3d 1319 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Escamilla v. Shiel Sexton Co., Inc., 73 N.E.3d 665 (Ind. 2017) :: 693, 1824, 2096, 2111 2246 Esposito, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 1995) :: 151, 296, 372, Escarria-Montano v. U.S., 797 F.Supp.2nd 21, 25 (D.D.C. 2011) 382 :: 2151 Esposito v. Ashcroft, 288 F.Supp.2d 292 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1946 Esch v. Yeutter, 876 F.2d 976 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 2049 Esposito v. INS, 936 F.2d 911 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 231 Escobar, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 231 (BIA 2007) :: 1745 Esposito v. INS, 987 F.2d 108 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 642, 1888, 2036 Escobar v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 363 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 825 Esprit; U.S. v., 841 F.3d 1235 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 325 Escobar v. Holder, 657 F.3d 537 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 816, 819 Esqueda, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 850 (BIA 1994) :: 147, 289, 294 Escobar v. Holder, 698 F.3d 36 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 794, 824 Esquivel v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 699 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 226, 293, 1728, Escobar v. Spartan Security Serv., 281 F.Supp.2d 895 (S.D. Tex. 2070 2003) :: 2251 Esquivel v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 919 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1755 Escobar Barraza v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 388 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 147, Esquivel-Garcia v. Holder, 593 F.3d 1025 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 147 226 Esquivel-Quintana, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 469 (BIA 2014) :: 303 Escobar-Grijalva v. INS, 206 F.3d 1331 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 642 Esquivel-Quintana v. Sessions, 581 U.S. __, 137 S.Ct. 1562 Escobar-Hernandez v. Barr, 940 F.3d 1358 (10th Cir. 2019) :: (2017) :: 302–4, 346–47, 355 1048 Esscala Trading, LLC, 2014-PER-1646 (Feb. 27, 2019) :: 1623, Escobar-Ramos v. INS, 927 F.2d 482 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 1824–25, 1638, 1641 1828 Essential Info., Inc. v. USIA, 134 F.3d 1165 (D.C. Cir. 1998) :: Escondido, Cal., City of, v. Emmons, 139 S.Ct. 500 (2019) :: 2162 612 Escoto-Castillo v. Napolitano, 658 F.3d 864 (8th Cir. 2011) :: Essex Cryogenics Indus., Inc., Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 196 2000 (Comm. 1972) :: 1181 Escudero-Corona v. INS, 244 F.3d 608 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 1783 Essohou v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 518 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 840, 1040 Esenwah v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 763 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 2060, 2087 Estados Unidos Mexicanos v. Decoster, 59 F.Supp.2d 120 (D. Esfandiary, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 659 (BIA 1979) :: 124, 139 Me. 1999) :: 2131 E-S-I-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 136 (BIA 2013) :: 705 Estate of v., see name of decendent Eskite v. District Director, 901 F.Supp. 530 (E.D.N.Y. 1995) :: Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976) :: 2011 395, 571, 867, 1793 Estep v. U.S., 327 U.S. 114 (1946) :: 1991 Eslamizar, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 684 (BIA 2004) :: 289, 376, Esteves Gonzales v. Embajada de la Republica Dominicana, 497 2082 F.Supp.2d 279 (D.P.R. 2007) :: 1952 Esoterix Genetic Laboratories, LLC, 2014-PER-66 (Mar. 7, 2019) Esther Mosher, 1990-INA-253 (July 22, 1991) :: 1663 :: 1616 Estime, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 450 (BIA 1987) :: 626, 1454 Esparza v. Nobles Cnty., No. A18-2011, 2019 WL 4594512 Estrada, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 180 (BIA 2013) :: 1485 (Minn. Ct. App. Sept. 23, 2019) :: 535 Estrada, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 749 (BIA 2016), overruled on Esparza; U.S. v., 678 F.3d 389 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 1380, 2286 other grounds, Matter of Thomas and Thompson, 27 I&N Esparza; U.S. v., 882 F.2d 143 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 427 Dec. 674 (BIA 2019) :: 284, 364, 368, 379, 397 Esparza-Mendoza; U.S. v., 386 F.3d 953 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 501 Estrada v. Becker, 917 F.3d 1298 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 158, 1125 Esparza-Ponce; U.S. v., 193 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 139, Estrada v. Holder, 560 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 145, 147, 374, 2340 393–94 Espejo v. INS, 311 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1154 Estrada v. Holder, 604 F.3d 402 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1910 Esperdy; U.S. v., 210 F.Supp. 786 (S.D.N.Y. 1962) :: 68 Estrada v. Napolitano, 604 F.3d 402 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1495 Espichan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 945 F.3d 794 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 573, Estrada; U.S. v., 349 F.Supp.3d 830 (D. Ariz. 2018) :: 137, 2299 2285 Estrada; U.S. v., 876 F.3d 885 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 415 Espin v. Gantner, 381 F.Supp.2d 261 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1950, Estrada and Sons, Inc., 2019-TLC-84 (Oct. 23, 2019) :: 1229 1952 Estrada-Canales v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 208 (1st Cir. 2006) :: Espinal v. Holder, 636 F.3d 703 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 314, 2059, 2095 1454, 1999 Espinal v. Pere, 144 F.Supp.2d 53 (D.P.R. 2001) :: 1983, 1999 Estrada-Escobar v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 1042 (10th Cir. 2004) :: Espinal; U.S. v., 956 F.3d 570 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 405 1029 Espinal-Andrades v. Holder, 777 F.3d 163 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 316, Estrada-Espinoza v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2008) (en 694 banc) :: 303–5, 874, 878, 1969, 2078, 2083 Espino-Castillo v. Holder, 770 F.3d 861 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 138 Estrada & Estrada, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 180 (BIA 2013) :: Espinosa-Cortez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 607 F.3d 101 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1483–86 807, 829, 1039, 1050 Estrada-Figueroa v. Nelson, 611 F.Supp. 576 (S.D. Cal. 1985) :: Espinosa Guillot, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 653 (BIA 2011) :: 74, 153 1056, 1477 Estrada H., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 749 (BIA 2016) :: 297 Espinoza, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 98 (BIA 1962) :: 141 Estrada-Henao v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 Espinoza, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 522 (BIA 1980) :: 1376 Estrada-Hernandez v. Holder, 108 F.Supp.3d 936 (S.D. Cal. Espinoza, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 889 (BIA 1999) :: 345, 390 2015) :: 1605–6 Espinoza v. Farah Mfg. Co., 414 U.S. 86 (1973) :: 2082 Estrada-Hernandez v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 324 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1477 Espinoza v. INS, 45 F.3d 308 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 672 Estrada-Martinez v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 886 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 878, Espinoza v. INS, 991 F.2d 1294 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 1759 1837, 1963 Espinoza; U.S. v., 490 F.3d 41 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 492, 496 Estrada-Plata; U.S. v., 57 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 388 Espinoza-Baza; U.S. v., 647 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 404 Estrada-Quijas; U.S. v., 183 F.3d 758 (8th Cir. 1999) :: 454 Espinoza-Castro v. INS, 242 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 183 Estrada-Ramos v. Holder, 611 F.3d 318 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 378, Espinoza-Espinoza v. INS, 554 F.2d 921 (9th Cir. 1977) :: 176, 1743, 1897, 1958 178 Estrada-Rodriguez v. Lynch, 825 F.3d 397 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 129, Espinoza-Farlo; U.S. v., 34 F.3d 469 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 418 132, 568, 1834, 2066 Espinoza-Franco v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 461 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 302 Estrada-Rodriguez v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 517 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Espinoza-Gonzalez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 889 (BIA 1999) (en 323 banc) :: 339–40 Estrada-Rosales v. INS, 645 F.2d 819 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 394, 1863 Espinoza-Gutierrez v. Smith, 94 F.3d 1270 (9th Cir. 1996) :: Estrada-Trochez; U.S. v., 66 F.3d 733 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 712 2008, 2166 Estrado-Martinez v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 886 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 1040 Espinoza-Leon; U.S. v., 873 F.2d 743 (4th Cir. 1989) :: 402 Estrella; U.S. v., 758 F.3d 1239 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 327, 351, 453 Espinoza-Sanchez; U.S. v., 414 F.Supp.3d 1319 (E.D. Wash. Eta-Ndu v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 977 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 959, 1007, 2019) :: 414, 421 1047, 1845 Espinoza-Santill; U.S. v., 976 F.Supp. 561 (W.D. Tex. 1997) :: Etape v. Chertoff, 446 F.Supp.2d 408 (D. Md. 2006) :: 2029 495 Etape v. Chertoff, 497 F.3d 379 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 2332 2502 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Etape v. Napolitano, 664 F.Supp.2d 498 (D. Md. 2009) :: 2296, Fahim v. Ashcroft, 227 F.Supp.2d 1359 (N.D. Ga. 2002) :: 753, 2299–2301 761 Etchu-Njang v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 577 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 644, Fahim v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 278 F.3d 1216 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 1048, 2000, 2109 1902, 1986, 2063, 2094 ETeam, Inc., 2013-PER-424 (Dec. 1, 2015) :: 1635 FAIR v. Meese, 643 F.Supp. 983 (S.D. Fla. 1986) :: 2019 Etenyi v. Lynch, 799 F.3d 1003 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 183 FAIR v. Reno, 897 F.Supp. 595 (D.D.C.), aff'd on other grounds, Etienne v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 135 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 341, 2003 93 F.3d 897 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: 2019, 2034 Ettienne v. Holder, 659 F.3d 513 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1778 Fairfield Jersey, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1069 (May 9, 2001) :: Etugh v. INS, 921 F.2d 36 (3d Cir. 1990) :: 850 2264 Etuk v. Blackman, 748 F.Supp. 990 (E.D.N.Y. 1990), aff'd, Etuk v. Fairfield Jersey, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1072 (Sept. 6, 2001) Slattery, 936 F.2d 1433 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 1499, 1503, 2017, :: 2274 2031 Fair Winds Farm, 2012-PER-736 (Sept. 28, 2015) :: 1639 Etuk v. Slattery, 803 F.Supp. 644 (E.D.N.Y. 1992) :: 1499 Faith Assembly Church, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 391 (Comm. Etuk v. Slattery, 973 F.2d 60 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 1499 1986) :: 1545 Eunique v. Powell, 302 F.3d 971 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2320 Faiz-Mohammad v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 799 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 743, Eusaph, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 453 (BIA 1964) :: 793 1487, 1989, 2120 Eusebio v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1088 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1038 Fajardo v. INS, 300 F.3d 1018 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 708, 1884 Evangelical Lutheran Church in Am. v. INS, 288 F.Supp.2d 32 Fajardo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 659 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 127 (D.D.C. 2003) :: 1091, 1093, 1194, 1970, 1980, 2044, 2046 Fajardo Espinoza, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 603 (BIA 2015) :: 1744, Evangelista v. Ashcroft, 204 F.Supp.2d 405 (E.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 1817 253 Fajardo-Fajardo; U.S. v., 594 F.3d 1005 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 410 Evangelista v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 145 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 337 Fakhry v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 839, 863 Evans; U.S. v., 728 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 404, 407 Falae v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1404, 1470, Evanson v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 550 F.3d 284 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 149, 1832–33 309, 344, 359, 365, 681, 683 Falaja v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 889 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 178, 982, Evens, 1992-INA-341 (BALCA June 3, 1993) :: 1702 1003, 1472, 2092 Everglades Harvesting and Hauling, Inc. v. Scalia, 427 F.Supp.3d Falcon Carriche v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 845 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1813, 101 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1229 1845 Evertec, 2010-PER-740 (Aug. 19, 2010) :: 1641 Falconi v. INS, 240 F.Supp.2d 215 (E.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 1756 Evola v. Carbone, 365 F.Supp.2d 592 (D.N.J. 2005) :: 310, 315, Falek v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 285 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 2000 396 Falls Framing, LLC, 2020-TLN-7 (Nov. 18, 2019) :: 1246 Evra, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 79 (BIA 2009) :: 708 Falodun, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 52 (BIA 2017) :: 2327 E.W. Rodriguez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 784 (BIA 2012), with- Familia Rosario v. Holder, 655 F.3d 739 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 332, drawn on other grounds, Matter of J-H-J-, 26 I&N Dec. 563 345 (BIA 2015) :: 1817–18 Families for Freedom v. CBP, 797 F.Supp.2d 375 (S.D.N.Y. Exame, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 303 (BIA 1982) :: 726 2011) :: 607, 617 Examining Bd. of Eng'rs, Architects & Surveyors v. Flores de Families for Freedom v. CBP, 837 F.Supp.2d 287 (S.D.N.Y. Otero, 426 U.S. 572 (1976) :: 55 2011) :: 616 Excamilla v. Shiel Sexton Co. Inc., 2016 WL 1244330 (Ct. App. Families for Freedom v. CBP, 837 F.Supp.2d 331 (S.D.N.Y. Ind. Mar. 3, 2016) :: 2253 2011) :: 606 Excellent v. Ashcroft, 359 F.Supp.2d 333 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1940, Families for Freedom v. Napolitano, 628 F.Supp.2d 535 (S.D.N.Y. 2029 2009) :: 1928 Executive Cleaning Servs. of Long Island Ltd.; U.S. v., 13 Family Inc. v. USCIS, 469 F.3d 1313 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1289, 1528 OCAHO no. 1314 (Dec. 21, 2018) :: 2222 Fang v. Director of ICE, 935 F.3d 172 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 505 Exilus, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 276 (BIA 1982) :: 696, 945 Fang Huang v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 640 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1025, Exodus Refugee Immigr., Inc. v. Pence, 838 F.3d 902 (7th Cir. 1402, 2063, 2099 2016) :: 48, 910 Fang Li v. Holder, 743 F.3d 354 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 578 Ex parte, see real party in interest Fang-Sui Yau v. Gustafson, 623 F.Supp. 1515 (C.D. Cal. 1985) :: Expinoza, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 98 (BIA 1962) :: 143 935 Expinoza-Ochoa; U.S. v., 371 F.Supp.3d 1018 (M.D. Ala. 2019) :: Fanin v. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 572 F.3d 868 (11th Cir. 2009) 540 :: 620 Extradition of, see name of party Fano v. O'Neill, 806 F.2d 1262 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 570, 1433, 1794, Exxon Chemical Co., 1987-INA-615 (1988) :: 1656 2031 Exxon Shipping Co. v. Dep't of Interior, 34 F.3d 774 (9th Cir. Fan Wang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 898 F.3d 341 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 334 1994) :: 598 Farag v. USCIS, 531 F.Supp.2d 602 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 1952 Eyoum v. INS, 125 F.3d 889 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 1095, 1742, 1973, Farah v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1153 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 919 1983 Far East Home Care, Inc., 2009-PER-170 (BALCA July 13, 2009) Ezchip, Inc., 2010-PER-120 (Jan. 12, 2011) :: 1628 :: 570, 1794 Ezeagwu v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 836 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1002 Fares v. Barr, 942 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1163, 1788 Ezeagwuna v. Ashcroft, 325 F.3d 396 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 469, 662, Fares v. INS, 29 F.Supp.2d 259 (W.D.N.C. 1998) :: 2140, 2165 675, 949, 961, 968, 2097 Fares; U.S. v., 978 F.2d 52 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 418 Ezeta, In re; 62 F. 972 (N.D. Cal. 1894) :: 907 Farez-Espinoza v. Chertoff, 600 F.Supp.2d 488 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: EZ Indust. Solutions, LLC, No. 07-CA-193475, 2017 WL 8223257 753, 1940, 1942 (NLRB G.C. Aug. 30, 2017) :: 2244 Farghaly v. Frazier, 404 F.Supp.2d 1125 (D. Minn. 2005) :: 2303 Farhoud v. INS, 122 F.3d 794 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 717 F Farias, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 269 (BIA 1996) :: 223, 280 Farias Enterprises LLC d/b/a Barajas Mexican Grill; U.S. v., 13 F-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 517 (BIA 1946) :: 134 OCAHO no. 1338 (Jan. 6, 2020) :: 2229 F-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 361 (BIA 1949) :: 138 Farias-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 556 F.3d 1181 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 489– F-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 783 (BIA 1955) :: 140 90 F-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 469 (BIA 1959) :: 131 Farinas, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 1967) :: 1792, 1795, Fabian-Soriano v. Barr, 925 F.3d 552 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1957 1804, 2052 Factory Mut. Ins. Co., 2012-PER-389 (Nov. 18, 2014) :: 1619 Farley, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 51 (BIA 1965) :: 2282 Fadare v. Reno, 819 F.Supp. 1196 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 739 Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994) :: 426, 2164 Faddoul v. INS, 37 F.3d 185 (5th Cir. 1994) :: 791, 1740 Farmers Bros. Coffee v. Workers Compensation Appeal Bd., 35 Fadiga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 488 F.3d 142 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 631, 634, Cal.Rptr.3d 23 (Ct. App. 2005) :: 2251 640–41, 645, 1034, 1036, 1832 TABLE OF CASES 2503

Farm Labor Organizing Comm. v. Ohio Hwy. Patrol, 991 F.Supp. Ferdinandus v. Gonzales, 504 F.3d 61 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 791 895 (N.D. Ohio 1997), rev'd in part, 308 F.3d 523 (6th Cir. Fergiste v. INS, 138 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 1998) :: 837, 842, 869, 949, 2002) :: 494 1847, 2098 Farm-Op, Inc., 2017-TLC-21 (July 7, 2017) :: 1230 Fermin v. Barr, 958 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 555, 577 Faro Corp. d/b/a Market Café, 2009-PER-356 (Mar. 30, 2010) :: Fermin-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 5 F.Supp.2d 157 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 1612 401, 403 Farquharson v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 246 F.3d 1317 (11th Cir. 2001) :: Fernandes v. Holder, 619 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1834 278 Fernandes Pereira v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2005) :: Farrar v. Hobby, 506 U.S. 103 (1992) :: 2179 1728, 1756, 1792 Farrell v. Tillerson, 315 F.Supp.3d 47 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1918, Fernandez, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 24 (BIA 1972) :: 141 2079, 2329 Fernandez v. Bailey, 909 F.3d 353 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 189 Faruk v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 787, 802, 1010, Fernandez v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 592 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1972 1021 Fernandez v. Gonzalez, 439 F.3d 592 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1725 Faruque, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 561 (BIA 1964) :: 1409 Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 573, 2041, Fashions from India, Inc., 1992-INA-26 (Feb. 4, 1993) :: 1662 2074, 2077 Fast Gear Distributing Inc. v. Rodriguez, 116 F.Supp.3d 839 (E.D. Fernandez v. McDonald's, 292 P.3d 311 (Kan. 2013) :: 2251 Mich. 2015) :: 1182–83, 1186, 1189 Fernandez v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 965 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1764 Fatahi, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 791 (BIA 2016) :: 516 Fernandez; U.S. v., 350 F.Supp.3d 457 (E.D. Va. 2018) :: 412 Fatehi v. INS, 729 F.2d 1086 (6th Cir. 1984) :: 1914 Fernandez-Antonia; U.S. v., 278 F.3d 150 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 330, Fatin v. INS, 12 F.3d 1233 (3d Cir. 1993) :: 820, 1019 418 Faulkner Radio, Inc. v. FCC, 557 F.2d 866 (D.C. Cir. 1977) :: 726 Fernandez-Bernal v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 257 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. Favela, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 753 (BIA 1979) :: 149, 381 2001) :: 394, 1960 Favela; State v., 311 P.3d 1213 (N.M. Ct. App. 2013) :: 386 Fernandez-Cabrera; U.S. v., 625 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 452 Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391 (1963) :: 1931 Fernandez Farms, Inc. & Gonzalo Fernandez, individually; Ad- Faye v. Holder, 580 F.3d 37 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 825 ministrator, WHD v., 2014-TAE-8 (Aug. 25, 2016) :: 1241 Fayzullina v. Holder, 777 F.3d 807 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 141, 473, Fernandez-Gonzalez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 707 F.App'x 674, 680 1788, 1791 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 887 Fazio; U.S. v., 795 F.3d 421 (3d Cir. 2015) :: 385 Fernandez Luiz v. Luttrell, 46 F.Supp.2d 754 (W.D. Tex. 1999) :: F-B-O-, Matter of; ID#588904 (AAO Oct. 23, 2017) :: 1157 1946 FCC v. Beach Commc'ns, Inc., 508 U.S. 307 (1993) :: 39 Fernandez-Ruiz v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 2006) (en FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (2000) banc) :: 319, 325, 2098 :: 2067, 2081 Fernandez-Ruiz v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 1159 (9th Cir. 2006) :: FDIC v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471 (1994) :: 2137 134–35, 330, 369, 1898, 1933, 1959 F-E-, Matter of; ID# 46885 (AAO Mar. 20, 2017) :: 1537 Fernandez-Vargas v. Gonzales, 548 U.S. 30 (2006) :: 153, 547, Featherland Farms, Inc., 2003-INA-6 (Mar. 29, 2004) :: 1656, 743, 754, 1795, 1989, 2113, 2116–17, 2121 1695 Feroz v. INS, 22 F.3d 225 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 867 Fede, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 35 (BIA 1989) :: 1847, 2174 Ferrans v. Holder, 612 F.3d 528 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 184, 2199 Federal Election Comm'n v. Political Contributions Data, 995 F.2d Ferraras v. Ashcroft, 160 F.Supp.2d 617 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 46, 383 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 2175 76, 253 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp., 2011-PER-2902 (Feb. 10, Ferreira, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 415 (BIA 2014) :: 146, 291, 307, 2014) :: 1692 312, 355, 357 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp., 2016-PER-763 (Jan. 31, Ferreira v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 121 2019) :: 1622 Ferreira v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 1091 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 333, 336 Federal Ins. Co., 2008-PER-37 (Feb. 20, 2009) :: 1616, 1674 Ferreira v. Barr, 939 F.3d 44 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 634–35, 640, 642 Federal Power Comm. v. Texaco, Inc., 417 U.S. 380 (1974) :: Ferreira v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 803 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 983 2045 Ferreira v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 714 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 588, Federiso, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 661 (BIA 2008), rev'd, Federiso 591, 593, 2052, 2054 v. Holder, 605 F.3d 695 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1789 Ferreira; U.S. v., 275 F.3d 1020 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 41–42 FedEx Express, 2009-PER-263 (Sept. 8, 2010) :: 1675 Ferreyra v. Decker, No. 20 CIV 3170 (AT), 2020 WL 1989417 FedEx TechConnect, Inc., 2013-PER-2423 (Aug. 10, 2018) :: (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 27, 2020) :: 88 1614, 1675 Ferris v. INS, 303 F.Supp.2d 103 (D. Conn. 2004) :: 1952 Fedin Bros. Co., Ltd. v. Sava, 724 F.Supp. 1103 (E.D.N.Y. 1989) Ferry v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 1117 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 1113, 1473, :: 1289 1988 Fedorca v. Perryman, 197 F.3d 236 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 764, 1982 Fesale, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 114 (BIA 1995) :: 1480 Fedorenko, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 57 (BIA 1984) :: 725 Fesehaye v. Holder, 607 F.3d 523 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 933, 1021 Fedorenko v. U.S., 449 U.S. 490 (1981) :: 779, 1051, 2323, 2326 Fesseha v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 1033, 1038, Fedosseeva v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 840 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 784, 1861, 1887, 2057 1046 Fessehaye v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 746 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 957–58, Fedunyak v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 805, 893, 1010, 1038, 1052, 1722, 1989, 2057–58, 2065 1030, 2098 Feto v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 902 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 974 Fefe, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 116 (BIA 1989) :: 934 FH-T v. Holder, 723 F.3d 833 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 193, 195, 200, Fei Mei Cheng v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 623 F.3d 175 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 205, 1993, 2000 792, 799, 1023, 1028, 1039, 2073 Fiadjoe v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 411 F.3d 135 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 667, Fei Yan Zhu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 744 F.3d 268 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 802, 984, 986, 994 665, 678, 964, 1025, 1842 Fiallo v. Bell, 430 U.S. 787 (1977) :: 40, 44, 1375, 2051–52 Felder v. Wetzel, 696 F.3d 92 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 187 Fibermaster, Ltd. v. INS, No. 88-2001 (D.D.C. July 3, 1990) :: Feleke v. INS, 118 F.3d 594 (8th Cir. 1997) :: 963, 2099 1294 Felipe; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 93 (Oct. 11, 1989) :: 2226, 2231 Fidelus Techs., 2011-PER-1635 (June 11, 2015) :: 1638 Feliz v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 71 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 590 Fieran v. INS, 268 F.3d 340 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 1776 Felker v. Turpin, 518 U.S. 651 (1996) :: 1931 Fierro v. INS, 66 F.Supp.2d 229 (D. Mass. 1999) :: 572 Felzcerek v. INS, 75 F.3d 112 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 672, 1739, 1742 Fierro v. Reno, 217 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 1960, 2286 Fen, In re; 118 SEC Docket 4836, 2018 WL 1257573 (Mar. 12, Fierros; U.S. v., 692 F.2d 1291 (9th Cir. 1982) :: 427 2018) :: 1592 Figeroa v. INS, 886 F.2d 76 (4th Cir. 1989) :: 642 Feng Gui Lin v. Holder, 588 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1878 Figueras v. Holder, 574 F.3d 434 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1832 Fen Tjong Lie v. Holder, 729 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1843 Figueroa, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 596 (BIA 2011) :: 661, 903, Fequiere v. Ashcroft, 279 F.3d 1325 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 296, 680, 1587, 1722 682 2504 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Figueroa v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 487 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1733, 1770, Flores v. Meese, 942 F.2d 1352 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc), rev'd 1772, 1780, 1845, 1973, 1996 on other grounds, Reno v. Flores, 507 U.S. 292 (1993) :: Figueroa v. Rodriguez, No. CV-16-8218-PA, 2017 U.S. Dist. 468, 523, 730, 865, 1931 LEXIS 128120 (C.D. Cal Aug. 10, 2017) :: 1467 Flores v. Pompeo, 936 F.3d 273 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 1917, 2319, Figueroa-Alvarez; U.S. v., 795 F.3d 892 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 400 2333–34 Figueroa-Rincon v. INS, 770 F.2d 766 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1773, Flores v. Sessions, 394 F.Supp.3d 1041 (C.D. Cal. 2017) :: 523 1889 Flores v. Sessions, 862 F.3d 863 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 523 Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 630 F.2d 876 (2d Cir. 1980) :: 2141–42 Flores v. Southern Peru Copper Corp., 343 F.3d 140 (2d Cir. Filippi; U.S. v., 918 F.2d 244 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 445 2003) :: 579 Filja v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 241 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 1843, 1878 Flores v. U.S., 689 F.3d 894 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 2133, 2140 Filomena Lakeview, 2013-PER-2540 (Nov. 12, 2019) :: 1702 Flores v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 856 F.3d 280 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 339, 345, Filsaime v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 315 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1946, 2037 866, 871 Finch v. Commonwealth Health Ins. Connector, 959 N.E.2d 970 Flores v. USCIS, 718 F.3d 548 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 898, 2070, 2080 (Mass. 2012) :: 1511 Flores; U.S. v., 404 F.3d 320 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 442, 899 Fingerson v. DHS, 198 F.Supp.3d 786 (W.D. Ky. 2016) :: 1388, Flores; U.S. v., 901 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 329, 346, 417 2074 Flores-Abarca, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 922 (2017) :: 294 FINRA Dep't of Enforcement v. Seol (CRD No. 2876279), FINRA Flores-Abarca v. Barr, 937 F.3d 473 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 294, 2069 Disciplinary Proceeding No. 2014039839101 (May 30, Flores-Arellano v. INS, 5 F.3d 360 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 294 2017) :: 1592 Flores-Blanco; U.S. v., 623 F.3d 912 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 425 Firishchak v. Holder, 636 F.3d 305 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 282, 474 Flores-Calderon v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 1040 (8th Cir. 2007) :: Firishchak; U.S. v., 468 F.3d 1015 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2324 1047 Firmansjah v. Ashcroft, 347 F.3d 625 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1820, Flores-Chavez v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 47, 1826, 2086 471, 704, 723, 2084, 2113 Firmansjah v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 598 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 791, 853, Flores-Diaz v. U.S., 516 F.Supp.2d 818 (S.D. Tex. 2007) :: 459 855 Flores-Figueroa v. U.S., 556 U.S. 646 (2009) :: 437 First Amendment Coalition v. DOJ, 878 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2017) Flores-Garcia; U.S. v., 198 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 433 :: 2179 Flores-Garza v. Reno, 369 F.Supp.2d 894 (S.D. Tex. 2005) :: Firstland Int'l, Inc. v. INS, 377 F.3d 127 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1454, 2047 1456, 1967, 2071 Flores Juarez v. Mukasey, 530 F.3d 1020 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1762 First Tek Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-691 (Nov. 4, 2015) :: 1623 Flores-Larrazola v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 234 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 310, First Tek Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-1980 (June 8, 2016) :: 1623 352 First Truck Servs., 2007-PER-91 (Mar. 28, 2008) :: 1621 Flores-Ledezma v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 375 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 43, Fisenko v. Lynch, 826 F.3d 287 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 868 481, 737–38, 1959, 1978 Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc) :: 790, 797, Flores-Leon v. INS, 272 F.3d 433 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 370, 520, 730 835, 1012, 1018, 2060 Flores-Lopez v. Holder, 685 F.3d 857 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 318, 326 Fisher v. INS, 291 F.3d 491 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 791 Flores-Martinez; U.S. v., 677 F.3d 699 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 404 Fitisemanu v. U.S., 426 F.Supp.3d 1155 (D. Utah 2019) :: 2280 Flores-Miramontes v. INS, 212 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 1935 Fitzgerald v. Landon, 238 F.2d 864 (1st Cir. 1956) :: 136, 288 Flores-Molina v. Sessions, 850 F.3d 1150 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 143, Fitzgibbon v. CIA, 911 F.2d 755 (D.C. Cir. 1990) :: 611 2078 Fitzpatrick v. Sessions, 847 F.3d 913 (7th Cir. 2017), aff'g Matter Flores-Nova v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 652 F.3d 488 (3d Cir. 2011) :: of Fitzpatrick, 26 I&N Dec. 559 (BIA 2015) :: 186, 284, 439 1766, 2116 F-J-R-O-, Matter of; ID# 11787 (AAO, VSC Jan. 31, 2017) :: 1358 Flores-Panameno v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 913 F.3d 1036 (11th Cir. F.L. v. Thompson, 293 F.Supp.2d 86 (D.D.C. 2003) :: 1980, 2019) :: 1856, 1860, 2047 2017, 2028, 2079 Flores-Peraza; U.S. v., 58 F.3d 164 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 408 Flatow v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 999 F.Supp. 1 (D.D.C. 1998) :: Flores-Powell v. Chadbourne, 677 F.Supp.2d 455 (D. Mass. 2160 2010) :: 311, 550, 1912, 1936–37, 2004–5, 2009 Flaum Appetizing Corp., 357 NLRB 2006 (2011) :: 2244–45 Flores-Salgado v. Caplinger, 872 F.Supp. 1521 (E.D. La. 1995) :: Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. 603 (1960) :: 1507 1398 Fleurinor v. INS, 585 F.2d 129 (5th Cir. 1978) :: 927, 2099 Flores Tejada v. Godfrey, 954 F.3d 1245 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 547 Flight SR-4, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 197 (BIA 1963) :: 1337 Flores-Torres v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 708 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 530– F.L.M. v. Dep't of Children & Families, 912 So.2d 1264, 1267 31, 761, 1900, 1934 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) :: 1554 Flores-Uribe; U.S. v., 106 F.3d 1485 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 739 Flomo v. Firestone Natural Rubber Co., LLC, 643 F.3d 1013 (7th Flores-Vega v. Barr, 932 F.3d 878 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 323, 871, Cir. 2011) :: 2150 1048 Florence v. Bd. of Chosen Freeholders of City of Burlington, 566 Flores-Villar; U.S. v., 536 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2008), aff'd by an U.S. 318 (2012) :: 514 equally divided court, 564 U.S. 210 (2011) (per curiam) :: Flores, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 225 (BIA 1980) :: 122, 129–30, 2281 141 Flores Zabaleta v. Nielsen, 367 F.Supp.3d 208 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: Flores, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 155 (BIA 2013) :: 306, 311 1553 Flores v. Amigon, 233 F.Supp.2d 462 (E.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 2249, Florez v. CIA, 829 F.3d 178 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 618 2254 Florez v. Holder, 779 F.3d 207 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 298, 2073 Flores v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 298, 321, 325 Florez de Solis v. INS, 796 F.2d 330 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 2001 Flores v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 727 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 153, 1487 Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429 (1991) :: 491, 499 Flores v. Barr, 407 F.Supp.909 (C.D. Cal. 2019) :: 524 Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 (1983) :: 496, 503 Flores v. Barr, 930 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 301, 639, 1958 Florida Air Temp., Inc., 2009-PER-198 (May 8, 2009) :: 1664, Flores v. Barr, 934 F.3d 910 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 523 1670 Flores v. Barr, 2020 WL 2128663 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 28, 2020) :: 88, Florida Azalea Specialists; U.S. v., 19 F.3d 620 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 524 2031, 2265 Flores v. Barr, 2020 WL 3488040 (C.D. Cal. June 26, 2020) :: 88, Florida Bar v. Corpa Immigr., 642 So.2d 548 (Fla. 1994) :: 652 524 Florida Bd. of Bar Exam'rs re Question as to Whether Undocu- Flores v. Holder, 699 F.3d 998 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 1005, 1730, 1837 mented Immigrants Are Eligible for Admission to the Fla. Flores v. Holder, 779 F.3d 159 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 302, 348, 353, Bar, 134 So.3d 432 (Fla. 2014) :: 54 359, 591, 871–73, 1844 Florida Brasil, Inc., 2011-PER-2844 (2013) :: 1644 Flores v. Holder, 977 F.Supp.2d 243 (W.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 754 Florida Holocaust Museum, 2011-PER-2861 (July 10, 2014) :: Flores v. INS, 68 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1781 1625 Flores v. Lynch, 392 F.Supp.3d 1144 (C.D. Cal. 2017) :: 523 Florida Immigr. Advocacy Ctr. v. National Sec. Agency, 380 Flores v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 523 F.Supp.2d 1332 (S.D. Fla. 2005) :: 614 TABLE OF CASES 2505

Florida Ordnance, Inc., 1989-INA-106 (Feb. 14, 1990) :: 1626 Fowler Equip. Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1169 (Feb. 20, Florida Power & Light Co. v. Lorion, 470 U.S. 729 (1985) :: 2045 2013) :: 2189, 2215, 2218, 2220, 2227 Florida Restaurant Grp., LLC, 2009-PER-14 (Aug. 25, 2009) :: Fox v. Clinton, 684 F.3d 67 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 2053, 2078, 2328– 1680 29 Floroiu v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 970 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 470, 727 Fox v. Encounters Int'l, 318 F.Supp.2d 279 (D. Md. 2002) :: 1420 Floroiu v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 746 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 2171, 2177 Fox; U.S. v., 766 F.Supp. 569 (N.D. Tex. 1991) :: 434 F-M-, Matter of, See Matter of G- (6 I&N Dec. 9) Fox v. Vice, 563 U.S. 826 (2011) :: 2179 F-M- Co., Matter of; Adopted Decision 2020-01 (AAO May 5, F-P-R-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 681 (BIA 2008) :: 861, 1838 2020) :: 1526 Fraenkel v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 892 F.3d 348 (D.C. Cir. FMK Int'l USA, Inc., d/b/a Econo Lodge Nicholasville, 2008-INA- 2018) :: 2156–57, 2159 23 (Aug. 6, 2009) :: 1686 Fragedela v. Thornburgh, 761 F.Supp. 1252 (W.D. La. 1991) :: FMR LLC, 2016-PER-484 (Apr. 20, 2018) :: 1630 1938 Fofana v. Holder, 704 F.3d 554 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 1002 Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy LLP v. Elaine L. Chao, Fofana v. Holder, 947 F.Supp.2d 329 (W.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 752 Civ. No. 08-1387 (RMU) (D.D.C. 2008) :: 1694 Fofanah v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 1037 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1002 Fraihat v. ICE, No. ED CV-191546-JGBSHKX, 2020 WL 1932570 F-O-G-, Inc., Matter of; ID# 111392 (AAO Apr. 24, 2018) :: 1530 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020) :: 88 Fogo De Chao (Holdings) v. DHS, 769 F.3d 1127 (D.C. Cir. 2014) Francis v. Apex USA, Inc., 406 F.Supp.3d 1206 (W.D. Okla. :: 1093, 1186, 1290, 1292, 1296, 1965, 1970, 2055, 2079– 2019) :: 1162, 2152 80, 2082 Francis v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 131 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 277, 296, Fogo De Chao v. DHS, 769 F.3d 1127 (D.C. Cir. 2014) :: 2054 680, 682, 685, 694, 1723, 2063 Fogo de Chao Inc. v. DHS, 211 F.Supp.3d 3d 31, 36-40 (D.D.C. Francis v. INS, 532 F.2d 268 (2d Cir. 1976) :: 40, 481, 1818, 2016) :: 1291 1847 Foley v. Connelie, 435 U.S. 291 (1978) :: 54 Francis v. Reno, 269 F.3d 162 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 327, 343, 693, Fomichev; U.S. v., 899 F.3d 766 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 435 2084, 2111 Fong, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 212 (BIA 1980) :: 1375 Francisco v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 884 F.3d 1120 (11th Cir. 2018) :: Fong Haw Tan v. Phelan, 333 U.S. 6 (1948) :: 288, 467, 693, 309, 351, 359, 680 1935, 2111 Francisco-Alonzo, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 594 (BIA 2015) :: 320, Fongwo v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 944 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 921, 978, 353 1886 Francisco-Lopez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 959 F.3d 108 (3d Cir. 2020) :: Fong Yue Ting v. U.S., 149 U.S. 698 (1893) :: 37 139, 2069, 2119–20 Fonseca-Leite v. INS, 961 F.2d 60 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 284, 287, Francis Kellogg, 1994-INA-465 (Feb. 8, 1998) :: 1673 1731 Franco-Ardon v. Barr, 922 F.3d 23 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 631, 635 Fonseca-Sanchez v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 439 (7th Cir. 2007) :: Franco-Casasola v. Holder, 773 F.3d 33 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 315, 1352, 1902, 1934, 1936 352 U.S. ex rel. Fontan v. Uhl, 16 F.Supp. 428 (S.D.N.Y. 1936) :: 134 Franco de Jerez v. Burgos, 876 F.2d 1038 (1st Cir. 1989) :: 2140, Foodpro Int'l, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. 09-14 (Dec. 2164 12, 2008) :: 1218 Franco-Gonzales v. Holder, 767 F.Supp.2d 1034 (C.D. Cal. 2010) Foothill Packing, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1240 (Jan. 13, :: 646, 1901, 1980, 2009 2015) :: 2219, 2221 Franco-Gonzales v. Holder, 828 F.Supp.2d 1133 (C.D. Cal. 2011) Forbes v. INS, 48 F.3d 439 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 175, 178, 180 :: 646, 705–6 Forbes; U.S. v., 16 F.3d 1294 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 458 Franco-Gonzalez v. Holder, 2013 WL 3674492 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 23, Ford v. Garcia, 289 F.3d 1283 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 2147 2013) :: 646, 705 Ford v. ICE, 294 F.Supp.2d 655 (M.D. Pa. 2003) :: 874, 892 Francois v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 645 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 882 Ford Models, Inc., Matter of; EAC 92-171-50797 (AAU Oct. 16, Francois v. INS, 283 F.3d 926 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 1007, 1847 1992) :: 1221 Franco-Lopez; U.S. v., 687 F.3d 1222 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 426 Foreign Autos, 2012-PER-1881 (Aug. 30, 2016) :: 1685 Franco-Lopez; U.S. v., 709 F.Supp.2d 1152 (D.N.M. 2010) :: 427 Forest View Nursing Home & Rehab Ctr., 2010-PER-106 (Feb. Franco-Rosendo v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 965 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 11, 2011) :: 1617, 1647 1888 Forey-Quintero; U.S. v., 628 F.3d 1323 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 2284 Franco's Constr., 2008-PER-128 (Jan. 6, 2009) :: 1640 Forgue v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 401 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 991, Franco Wood Crafting, Inc., 1998-INA-131 (Dec. 22, 1998) :: 1004 1662 Foroglou v. INS, 170 F.3d 68 (1st Cir.) cert. denied, 528 U.S. 819 Frango v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 726 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 2000 (1999) :: 796 Frank, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 657 (DD 1966) :: 1532, 1705 Foroglou v. Reno, 241 F.3d 111 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 880, 1032, 1865 Franklin, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 867 (BIA 1994), aff'd, Franklin v. Forsch Polymer Corp.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1156 (Aug. 24, INS, 72 F.3d 571 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 122, 131, 136 2012) :: 2209–10, 2216, 2227–28, 2232 Franklin v. Barry, 909 F.Supp. 21 (D.D.C. 1995) :: 538, 2103 Fort Bend Indep. Sch. Dist., 2014-PER-1239, 1241, 1347, 208 Fraser v. Lynch, 795 F.3d 859 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 680 (Mar. 27 2019) :: 1661 Frech v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 491 F.3d 1277 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 476, Fort Ben Indep. Sch. Dist., 2012-PER-918 (Jan. 29, 2016) :: 1640 590, 1437 Forti v. Suarez-Mason, 672 F.Supp. 1531 (N.D. Cal. 1987) :: Fred 26 Importers, Inc. v. DHS, 445 F.Supp.2d 1174 (C.D. Cal. 2142 2006) :: 1180, 1182–83, 1926, 1970, 2056, 2061 Fortino v. Quasar Co., 950 F.2d 389 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1309 Frederick v. Hillyer, 82 F.Supp.3d 435 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 2012 Fortiz, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1199 (BIA 1998) :: 285, 1750 Freedom Watch, Inc. v. DOS, 179 F.Supp.3d 121 (D.D.C. 2016) :: Fortune E. Fashion, Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 992 (1998) :: 605 2227 Freeman, In re; 489 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1951 Foster v. INS, 376 F.3d 75 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1999 Freeman v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1113, Foster v. Townsley, 243 F.3d 210 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 550, 1981, 1448, 1473, 1969, 2082 2141 Freeman v. Holder, 596 F.3d 952 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 664, 715 Foti v. INS, 375 U.S. 217 (1963) :: 1913 Freeman v. HSBC Holdings PLC, 413 F.Supp.3d 67 (E.D.N.Y. Fotoudis v. City & Cnty. of Honolulu, 54 F.Supp.3d 1136 (D. Haw. 2019) :: 2153 2014) :: 2130 Freeport-McMoRan Oil & Gas Co. v. FERC, 962 F.2d 45 (D.C. Four Season Garment Cutting, 1996-INA-443 (Sept. 14, 1999) :: Cir. 1992) :: 652 1701 Fregozo v. Holder, 576 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 299, 365, Four Seasons Earthworks Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1150 387, 1763, 2083 (June 7, 2012) :: 2189, 2226 Freire v. DHS, 166 F.Supp.3d 224 (D. Conn. 2016) :: 153, 1977 Fourth Dimension Securities, Inc., 2012-PER-1783 (Aug. 31, Freire v. Holder, 647 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 565, 586, 588, 591, 2016) :: 1650 1452, 1479 2506 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Frentescu, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 244 (BIA 1982) :: 138, 776, Fun Wong v. U.S., 373 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1979 871, 873–74 Furgo Consultants, Inc., 2015-PER-554 (Jan. 15, 2019) :: 1668 Fresh Cleaners at Elk Grove, Inc., 2014-PER-604 (Oct. 18, 2018) Furnco Constr. Corp. v. Waters, 438 U.S. 567 (1978) :: 2272 :: 1650 Furr's/Bishop's Cafeterias, L.P., d/b/a Furr's Cafeterias; U.S. v., 2 Frias-Camilo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 826 F.3d 699 (3d Cir. 2016) :: OCAHO no. 330 (May 28, 1991), aff'd, Furr's/Bishop's Cafe- 373 terias, L.P. v. INS, 976 F.2d 1366 (10th Cir. 1992) :: 2235 Frias-Gomez; U.S. v., 262 F.Supp.2d 11 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 419 Fustaguio Do Nascimento v. Mukasey, 549 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. Friedberger v. Schultz, 616 F.Supp. 1315 (D.C. Pa. 1985) :: 1154, 2008) :: 709, 1883 2015 Future Constr., 2003-INA-243 (Nov. 30, 2004) :: 1692 Friedrich; U.S. v., 402 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 780, 2324 F-Y-G-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 717 (BIA 1952) :: 395 Friend v. Holder, 714 F.3d 1349 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 2279 Fynn v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 752 F.3d 1250 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 1401, Friend v. Reno, 172 F.3d 638 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 43, 2279 1964 Friendly House v. Whiting, 846 F.Supp.2d 1053 (D. Ariz. 2012) :: 51 G Friends of Mayanot v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 313 F.Supp.3d 50 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2160 G-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 73 (BIA 1941) :: 144 Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 G-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 225 (BIA 1942) :: 147 U.S. 167 (2000) :: 2032 G-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 403 (BIA 1943) :: 140 Frigon, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 164 (Comm. 1981) :: 1167 G-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 235 (BIA 1945) :: 140 Frimmel Mgmt., LLC v. U.S., 897 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2018) :: G-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 808 (BIA 1949) :: 394 2207 G-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 9 (BIA 1953) :: 152 Frimmel Mgmt., LLC; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1271c (Oct. 14, G-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 9 (BIA 1953), superseded on other is- 2016) :: 2194, 2219–20, 2227–29 sues by Matter of F-M-, 7 I&N Dec. 420 (BIA 1957) :: 177 Frimmel Mgmt., LLC; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1271d (Jan. 25, G-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 114 (BIA 1956) :: 123 2017) :: 2212, 2237 G-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 731 (BIA 1958) :: 1423 Frimmel Mgmt., LLC d/b/a Uncle Sam's; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. G-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 315 (BIA 1959) :: 141, 143 1271 (Mar. 31, 2016) :: 2211 G., Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 89 (BIA 1960) :: 1408 Frio Cnty. Partners, Inc. d/b/a Jack's Produce Co.; U.S. v., 12 G-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 159 (AG 1961) :: 392, 693, 2112 OCAHO no. 1276 (Apr. 19, 2016) :: 2207, 2212–16, 2225, G-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 764 (BIA 1993) :: 74, 272, 1024 2231–32 G-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2017-05 (AAO Nov. 8, 2017) :: Frios-Trujillo; U.S. v., 9 F.3d 875 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 458 1288 Fritz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 320 F.Supp.3d 48 (D.D.C. 2018) G-A-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 274 (BIA 1956) :: 1758 :: 2157 G-A-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 366 (BIA 2002) :: 888, 890–91, 932, Fritz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 324 F.Supp.3d 54 (D.D.C. 2018) 946, 963, 1011 :: 2158 Gaberov v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 590 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1826, 1880 Frontera Strategies, 2016-PER-127 (July 30, 2019) :: 1662 Gabryelsky, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 750 (BIA 1993) :: 595, 1787– Frontline Consulting Serv., Inc., 2010-PER-706 (Apr. 8, 2011) :: 88 1644, 1694 Gabuniya v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 463 F.3d 316 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 839, Frost v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 383 F.Supp.3d 33 (D.D.C. 2019) 993 :: 2158 G-A-C-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 83 (BIA 1998) :: 1493 Frost Wines, LLC, 2019-TLC-42 (Apr. 18, 2019) :: 1231 Gadda, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 645 (BIA 2003) :: 656, 659 Frutos-Lopez; U.S. v., 627 F.Supp.2d 1164 (C.D. Cal. 2008) :: 410, 423 Gadda v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 861 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 656 Gafoor v. INS, 231 F.3d 645 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 830, 949, 1848, F-S-N-, Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 2020) :: 1872 2101 Fu, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 985 (BIA 2006) :: 1788 Gafurova v. Whitaker, 911 F.3d 321 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 1815, 1877 Fualaau, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 475 (BIA 1996) :: 128, 134–35 Gaglioti, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 719 (BIA 1964) :: 144 Fuchs v. District Director, INS, 329 F.2d 114 (1st Cir. 1964) :: 2305 Gaglioti, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 677 (Comm. 1974) :: 189 Gahagan v. USCIS, 111 F.Supp.3d 754 (E.D. La. 2015) :: 599, Fuentes, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 658 (BIA 1988) :: 827, 1029 606–7 Fuentes, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 227 (BIA 1991) :: 1403 Gahagan v. USCIS, 147 F.Supp.3d 613 (E.D. La. 2015) :: 605, Fuentes, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 893 (BIA 1997) :: 2284 607–10 Fuentes v. INS, 765 F.2d 886 (9th Cir. 1985), vacated on other Gailius v. INS, 147 F.3d 34 (1st Cir. 1998) :: 962, 968, 1048, grounds, 844 F.2d 699 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 1888 2064 Fuentes v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 1177 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 361, 363, 683 Gaiskov v. Holder, 567 F.3d 832 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 303 Fuentes v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1744 Gaitan v. Holder, 671 F.3d 678 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 817 Fuentes; U.S. v., 775 F.3d 213 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 448 Gaitan; State v., 37 A.3d 1089 (N.J. 2012) :: 386 Fuentes-Barahona; U.S. v., 111 F.3d 651 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 455, Gaksakuman v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 767 F.3d 1164 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 458 966, 969, 1858, 1888, 2059, 2087, 2095 Fuentes-Campos, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 905 (BIA 1997) :: 1749, Galal v. Z&A Infotek Corp., 2008-LCA-10 (May 13, 2008) :: 1198 1752 Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 533 Fuentes-Cruz v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 724 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 142 Galaviz-Medina v. Wooten, 27 F.3d 487 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 537, Fuentes-Erazo v. Sessions, 848 F.3d 847 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 887, 1937, 1941 1018 Galaviz-Zamora v. Brady Farms, Inc., 230 F.R.D. 499 (W.D. Fuentes-Espinoza v. People, 408 P.3d 445 (Colo. 2017) :: 52 Mich. 2005) :: 2253 Fuentes-Pena v. Barr, 917 F.3d 827 (5th Cir.2019) :: 713 Galaxy Studios Inc., 2009-PER-221 (Oct. 29, 2009) :: 1654 Fueyo, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 84 (BIA 1989) :: 223, 1804, 1846 Galeana-Mendoza v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 1054 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Fugow v. Barr, 943 F.3d 456 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 134 126, 135 Fujii, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 495 (DD 1967) :: 1381 Galicia v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 446 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 663, 850 Fuller v. BIA, 702 F.3d 83 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 2059 Galicia-Cardenas; U.S. v., 443 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 388 Fuller v. INS, 144 F.Supp.2d 72 (D. Conn. 2000) :: 1937, 2009, Galicia-Delgado; U.S. v., 130 F.3d 518 (2d Cir. 1997) :: 458 2039, 2091 Galina v. INS, 213 F.3d 955 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 842, 949, 968, Fuller v. Sessions, 879 F.3d 265 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 2089 1827, 1848 Fuller v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 514 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1722, 1870 Galinda-Gallegos; U.S. v., 244 F.3d 728 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 337, Full Gospel Portland Church v. Thornburgh, 730 F.Supp. 441 458 (D.D.C. 1988), rev'd in part on other grounds, 927 F.2d 628 Galindo-Hernandez; U.S. v., 674 F.Supp. 979 (E.D.N.Y. 1987) :: (D.C. Cir. 1991) :: 1183, 1454, 1457, 1605, 2009, 2065, 496 2174 TABLE OF CASES 2507

Galindo-Romero v. Holder, 640 F.3d 873 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 746, Garcia, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 1996) :: 1803 1902 Garcia, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 179 (BIA 2007) :: 1773–74, 2070 Gall v. U.S., 552 U.S. 38 (2007) :: 447, 454 Garcia, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 332 (BIA 2010) :: 122, 1747 Gallarde v. INS, 486 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 2291, 2305 Garcia, In re; 315 P.3d 117 (Cal. 2014) :: 55 Gallardo, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 210 (BIA 1996) :: 522, 942, 1114 Garcia v. Acosta, 393 F.Supp.3d 93 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1231, 2027, Gallego v. INS, 663 F.Supp. 517 (W.D. Wis. 1987) :: 261 2029, 2040 Gallegos v. Haggerty, 689 F.Supp. 93 (N.D.N.Y. 1988) :: 499– Garcia v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1741 500, 2137, 2164, 2209 Garcia v. Baker, 765 F.Supp. 426 (N.D. Ill. 1990) :: 2012 Gallegos-Hernandez v. U.S., 688 F.3d 190 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 537 Garcia v. Barr, 954 F.3d 1095 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 1001 Gallimore v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 619 F.3d 216 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1405, Garcia v. Bolden, 691 F.2d 1172 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 1820 1744, 1752, 2045 Garcia v. Clinton, 881 F.Supp.2d 807 (S.D. Tex. 2012) :: 2334 Gallo-Alvarez v. Ashcroft, 266 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 2099 Garcia v. Clinton, 915 F.Supp.2d 831 (S.D. Tex. 2012) :: 2334 Galloso v. Barr, 954 F.3d 1189 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 802 Garcia v. DHS, 657 F.Supp.2d 403 (W.D.N.Y. 2009), vacated on Gallup McKinley Cnty. Sch., 2013-PER-3215 (Oct. 3, 2017) :: other grounds, 669 F.3d 91 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 513, 2286 1631 Garcia v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 465 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 319, 324 Galluzzo v. Holder, 633 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 1114 Garcia v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 615 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 803, 1046 Galo-Garcia v. INS, 86 F.3d 916 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 775 Garcia v. Holder, 584 F.3d 1288 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 366, 1724 Galvan v. Press, 347 U.S. 522 (1954) :: 40 Garcia v. Holder, 621 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1772, 1780, Galvan-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 169 F.3d 217 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 324 1876, 1885, 1973 Galvez v. Lewis, 56 F.Supp.2d 637 (E.D. Va. 1999) :: 530 Garcia v. Holder, 659 F.3d 1261 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1557, 1744 Galvez-Letona v. Kirkpatrick, 54 F.Supp.2d 1218 (D. Utah 1999) Garcia v. Holder, 732 F.3d 308 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 1766, 2074 :: 2306 Garcia v. Holder, 746 F.3d 869 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 817, 826, 885, Galvez-Melgarejo; U.S. v., 4 OCAHO no. 684 (Sept. 9, 1994) :: 887 465 Garcia v. Holder, 749 F.3d 785 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 892, 1003 Galvez Pineda v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 833 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 644, Garcia v. Holder, 756 F.3d 839 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 341 1883, 2001, 2036 Garcia v. Holder, 757 F.3d 885 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 886 Galvez-Vergara v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 798 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 710, Garcia v. Holder, 788 F.Supp.2d 326 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 765, 720, 2046, 2055 1982 Galvin v. U.S., 859 F.3d 71 (D.C. Cir. 2017) :: 2133 Garcia v. ICE, 669 F.3d 91 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 2286 Gama-Gonzales; U.S. v., 469 F.3d 1109 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 453 Garcia v. INS, 31 F.3d 441 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 176, 178, 181, 736, Gambashidze v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 187 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 840 1409, 1841 Gambino v. Pomeroy, 562 F.Supp.974, 985 (D.N.J. 1982) :: 2300 Garcia v. Johnson (N.D. Cal. 2015), see Alfaro Garcia v. Johnson Gamboa, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 244 (BIA 1972) :: 1736 Garcia v. Lynch, 786 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 330–31, 412, Gamboa-Garcia; U.S. v., 620 F.3d 546 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 339 1820 Gamero, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 164 (BIA 2010) :: 1738–39, 1829 Garcia v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 876 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 596, 1958, 1960 Gamero v. Barr, 929 F.3d 464 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 306, 891 Garcia v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 178 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 642, 2059, 2096 Gamero v. INS, 367 F.2d 123 (9th Cir. 1966) :: 1503 Garcia v. Pasquareto, 812 N.Y.S.2d 216 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2004) :: Gameros-Hernandez v. INS, 883 F.2d 839 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 689 2249 Gandara v. Bennett, 528 F.3d 923 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 736, 2130, Garcia v. Pinelo, 808 F.3d 1158 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 188 2161 Garcia v. Schweiker, 829 F.2d 396 (3d Cir. 1987) :: 2176 Gandara-Salinas; U.S. v., 327 F.3d 1127 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 495 Garcia v. Sebelius, 867 F.Supp.2d 125 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 2133 Gandarillas-Zambrana v. BIA, 44 F.3d 1251 (4th Cir. 1995) :: 647, Garcia v. Sessions, 856 F.3d 27 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 742, 2072, 663, 1845 2085, 2112 Gando-Coello v. INS, 888 F.2d 197 (1st Cir. 1989) :: 1887 Garcia v. Sessions, 873 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 742, 2016, Gandy; U.S. v., 917 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 318, 321, 325, 2085 364, 684 Garcia v. Shanahan, 615 F.Supp.2d 175 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 529, Gandziami-Mickhou v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 351 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 2004–5, 2009 834, 889 Garcia v. Smith, 674 F.2d 838 (11th Cir. 1982) :: 935 Gantus-Bobadilla, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 777 (BIA 1971) :: 2296 Garcia v. State, 834 N.W.2d 821 (S.D. 2013) :: 386 Ganzhi v. Holder, 624 F.3d 23 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 303 Garcia v. Taylor, 40 F.3d 299 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 537, 1938, 1950 Gao v. Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 989, 1839 Garcia v. Texas, 564 U.S. 940 (2011) :: 735 Gao v. BIA, 482 F.3d 122 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 993 Garcia v. U.S., 666 F.2d 960 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 2138 Gao v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 122 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 807, 993 Garcia v. U.S., 826 F.2d 806 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 2134 Gao v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 62 (2d Cir. 2006), vacated and re- Garcia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 329 F.3d 1217 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 132, manded on other grounds by Keisler v. Hong Yin Gao, 552 477, 635, 637, 1960 U.S. 801 (2007) :: 815, 819, 850, 1019 Garcia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 462 F.3d 287 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 650 Gao v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 728 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1856, 1910, Garcia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 553 F.3d 724 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 1495 1919 Garcia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 665 F.3d 496 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 800, 819, Gao v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 823, 1844 Gao v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2035 Garcia v. USCIS, 168 F.Supp.3d 50 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 605, 1728, Gao v. Holder, 595 F.3d 549 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 866, 871, 873 2019 Gao v. Jenifer, 185 F.3d 548 (6th Cir. 1999) :: 49, 1554 Garcia; U.S. v., 452 F.3d 36 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 401 Gao v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1026 Garcia; U.S. v., 855 F.3d 615 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 2338 Gao v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 980 Garcia; U.S. v., 883 F.3d 570 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 425 Gao v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 400 F.3d 963 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 974 Garcia v. Yeutter, 756 F.Supp. 581 (D.D.C. 1990) :: 2018 Garavito v. INS, 901 F.2d 173 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 1116 Garcia-Aguilar v. Lynch, 806 F.3d 671 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 488 Garay v. INS, 620 F.Supp. 11 (N.D. Cal. 1985) :: 154 Garcia-Aguilar v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 215 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1874 Garay-Burgos; U.S. v., 961 F.Supp. 1321 (D. Ariz. 1997) :: 408, Garcia-Alzugaray, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 407 (BIA 1986) :: 782, 479 912 Garberding v. INS, 30 F.3d 1187 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 40, 394, 2008 Garcia-Arce v. Barr, 946 F.3d 371 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1045 Garces v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 611 F.3d 1337 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 148– Garcia Arreola, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 267 (BIA 2010) :: 542–45 49, 198, 273, 388, 684, 1900 Garcia-Beltran; U.S. v., 389 F.3d 864 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 405, 490, Garcetti v. Ceballos, 543 U.S. 1186 (2005) :: 806 671 Garcia, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 521 (BIA 1966) :: 124, 137 Garcia-Callejas v. Holder, 666 F.3d 828 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 824 Garcia, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 653 (BIA 1978) :: 592, 1470, 1786 Garcia-Carbajal v. Holder, 625 F.3d 1233 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 1995 Garcia, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 319 (BIA 1980) :: 487 2508 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Garcia-Carias v. Holder, 697 F.3d 257 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 1863, Garcia-Mendez v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 1058 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 229, 2110 1372, 1764 Garcia-Celestino v. Ruiz Harvesting, Inc., 898 F.3d 1110 (11th Garcia-Mendoza v. Holder, 753 F.3d 1165 (10th Cir. 2014) :: Cir. 2018) :: 1231 1730, 2076 Garcia-Colindres v. Holder, 700 F.3d 1153 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 789, Garcia-Meza v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 535 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 132, 845, 2000 135 Garcia-Cordero; U.S. v., 610 F.3d 613 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 426 Garcia-Milian v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 887 Garcia-Cortez v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 749 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 471, Garcia-Milian v. Lynch, 825 F.3d 943 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1046 1824 Garcia-Millan v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 1048 Garcia-Cruz v. Sessions, 858 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 789, 1992 Garcia-Mir v. Meese, 788 F.2d 1446 (11th Cir. 1986) :: 259 Garcia de Rincon v. DHS, 539 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1899, Garcia-Mir v. Smith, 766 F.2d 1478 (11th Cir. 1985), aff'g Matter 1906, 1933, 1943, 1984 of Leon-Orosco & Rodriguez-Colas, 19 I&N Dec. 136 (AG Garcia-Echaverria v. U.S., 376 F.3d 507 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 308, 1984) :: 258, 777, 797, 1033, 1815, 2006, 2051, 2103 1937, 2019 Garcia-Moctezuma v. Sessions, 879 F.3d 863 (8th Cir. 2018) :: Garcia-Echaverria; U.S. v., 374 F.3d 440 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 765, 829–30, 890–91, 1013, 1046 2090 Garcia-Morales; U.S. v., 150 F.Supp.3d 1201 (S.D. Cal. 2015) :: Garcia-Esquivel; U.S. v., 414 F.Supp.3d 986 (W.D. Tex. 2019) :: 414, 417, 421 418 Garcia-Moreno; U.S. v., 626 F.Supp.2d 826 (W.D. Tenn. 2009) :: Garcia-Flores, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 325 (BIA 1980) :: 486–87, 405 497, 566–67, 569, 698–99 Garcia-Ochoa; U.S. v., 607 F.3d 371 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 2199 Garcia-Flores v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 439 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 2035 Garcia-Padron v. Holder, 558 F.3d 196 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1749, Garcia Forest Serv., LLC, 2017-TLN-50 (June 14, 2017) :: 1245 1751–52 Garcia-Garcia, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 93 (BIA 2009) :: 519–20, Garcia-Paulin; U.S. v., 627 F.3d 127 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 424, 429 1821 Garcia-Quintero v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 75, Garcia-Garrocho, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 423 (BIA 1986) :: 873 671, 2078 Garcia Gomez v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Garcia-Ramirez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 674 (BIA 2015) :: 1767 1823, 1843 Garcia-Ramirez v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 935 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Garcia-Gonzalez v. Holder, 737 F.3d 498 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 147, 1766, 2122 332 Garcia-Ramos v. INS, 775 F.2d 1370 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 926 Garcia-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 791 F.3d 1175 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 417, Garcia-Reyes, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 830 (BIA 1988) :: 700, 1841 422 Garcia-Rico; U.S. v., 46 F.3d 8 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 458 Garcia-Guaneros; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1334 (Dec. 2, 2019) :: Garcia-Rodriguez, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 438 (BIA 1978) :: 1381 2211 Garcia-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 640 F.3d 129 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 399, Garcia-Guzman v. Reno, 65 F.Supp.2d 1077 (N.D. Cal. 1999) :: 460, 749 585, 631, 639, 1980 Garcia-Romo v. Barr, 940 F.3d 192 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 1746 Garcia-Hernandez, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 590 (BIA 2003) :: 121, Garcia-Santana; U.S. v., 774 F.3d 528 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 341–42, 135, 1729, 1761 348 Garcia-Hernandez v. Boente, 847 F.3d 869 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 300, Garcia-Torres v. Holder, 660 F.3d 333 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 485, 1778 361 Garcia-Urbano v. Sessions, 890 F.3d 726 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 303 Garcia-Hernandez; U.S. v., 550 F.Supp.2d 1228 (S.D. Cal. 2008) Garcia-Valadez; U.S. v., 371 F.Supp.3d 948 (D. Kan. 2019) :: 411 :: 673 Garcia-Villeda v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 141 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 741, Garcia-Hernandez; U.S. v., 569 F.3d 1100 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 400 744–45, 1989, 2073 Garcia Herrera v. McAleenan, 379 F.Supp. 1143 (E.D. Wash. Garcia-Zavala; U.S. v., 919 F.3d 108 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 409, 489 2019) :: 1800 Garcort, Inc., 2012-PER-957 (Apr. 24, 2017) :: 1652 Garcia-Jaquez; U.S. v., 807 F.Supp.2d 1005 (D. Colo. 2011) :: Garcort, Inc. d/b/a Don Churro Café, 2012-PER-957 (Apr. 24, 453 2017) :: 1651 Garcia-Jimenez v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Garden State Precast, 2010-PER-1311 (Oct. 28, 2011) :: 1638, 1745, 1804 1662 Garcia-Jimenez; U.S. v., 623 F.3d 936 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 455 Gardner Webb Univ., 2010-PER-1470 (Feb. 13, 2012) :: 1655 Garcia-Jurado; U.S. v., 281 F.Supp.2d 498 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 419 Garfias-Rodriguez v. Holder, 702 F.3d 504 (9th Cir. 2012) (en Garcia Linares, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 1996) :: 152 banc) :: 168, 1481, 1738, 1740, 2010, 2069, 2075, 2077, Garcia-Linares, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 1996) :: 1792 2092, 2118–19, 2121 Garcia-Lopez v. Ashcroft, 334 F.3d 840 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 121, Gari; U.S. v., 572 F.3d 1352 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 672 650, 679, 691 Garland Community Hosp., 1989-INA-271 (BALCA 1991) :: 1671 Garcia-Lopez v. INS, 923 F.2d 72 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1742 Garland I.S.D., Matter of; EAC 06-216-52028 (AAO Sept. 8, Garcia-Lopez; U.S. v., 691 F.Supp.2d 1099 (C.D. Cal. 2010) :: 2006) :: 1172, 1181 447 Garner, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 215 (BIA 1975) :: 1392 Garcia-Madruga, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 436 (BIA 2008) :: 329, Garrido-Morato v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 319 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 369, 331, 336 371 Garcia-Maldonado v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. 2007) :: Garrison v. OCK Constr. Ltd., 864 F.Supp. 134 (D. Guam 1993) :: 132, 136, 381 2019 Garcia-Marrufo v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 1061 (10th Cir. 2004) :: Garrovillas v. INS, 156 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 837, 845, 1990 1029 Garcia-Martinez v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 807, Garza v. Lappin, 253 F.3d 918 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 2161 830, 832 Garza; U.S. v., 587 F.3d 304 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 457 Garcia-Martinez v. Barr, 921 F.3d 674 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 123, 128, Garza; U.S. v., 727 F.3d 436 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 494 134, 348 Garza-Garcia v. Moore, 539 F.Supp.2d 899 (S.D. Tex. 2007) :: Garcia-Martinez v. DHS, 448 F.3d 511 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 643 253, 261, 543, 546 Garcia-Martinez v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 1291 (9th Cir. 2018) :: Garza-Mendez; U.S. v., 735 F.3d 1284 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 379 139, 2069, 2118, 2120 Garza-Moreno v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 239 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 474, Garcia-Martinez; U.S. v., 228 F.3d 956 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 401, 415 698, 2048 Garcia-Martinez; U.S. v., 845 F.3d 1126 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 325 Garza-Olivares, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 736 (BIA 2016) :: 340, Garcia-Mata v. Sessions, 893 F.3d 1107 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1836 361, 368 Garcia-Mateo v. Keisler, 503 F.3d 698 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1726 Gasanova; U.S. v., 332 F.3d 297 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 425 Garcia-Melendez v. Ashcroft, 351 F.3d 657 (5th Cir. 2003) :: Gashi v. Holder, 702 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 815, 819, 823 1760, 1813 Gasparian v. Holder, 700 F.3d 611 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1802, 1876 Gaspar-Juarez; U.S. v., 291 F.Supp.3d 1186 (D. Or. 2018) :: 305 TABLE OF CASES 2509

Gaspar-Miguel; U.S. v., 362 F.Supp.3d 1104 (D.N.M. 2019) :: 403 Gelin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 837 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 126, Gasparyan v. Holder, 707 F.3d 1130 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 864, 1985 132, 382, 1844 Gastelum-Almeida; U.S. v., 298 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 444 Gelman v. Ashcroft, 372 F.3d 495 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 371–72 G.A.S. Unlimited, Inc., 2018-TLN-27, 28 (Dec. 21, 2017) :: 1244 Gemechu v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 944 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1003, 1047 Gatcliffe v. Reno, 23 F.Supp.2d 581 (D.V.I. 1998) :: 2302–3, 2330 Gencorp, 1987-INA-659 (Jan. 13, 1988) (en banc) :: 1648 Gate Guard Servs., L.P. v. Perez, 792 F.3d 554 (5th Cir. 20015) :: Genego v. Barr, 922 F.3d 499 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 325 2166 Geneme v. Holder, 935 F.Supp.2d 184 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 202, Gates v. Syrian Arab Republic, 580 F.Supp.2d 53 (D.D.C. 2008) 1929 :: 2156 General Anesthesia Specialists P'ship Med. Grp. (GASP), 2013- Gates v. Syrian Arab Republic, 646 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: PWD-5 (Jan. 28, 2014) :: 1681 2155 General Atomic Co., Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 532 (Comm. 1980) :: Gates & Fox Co. v. Occupational Safety & Health Review 1181 Comm'n, 790 F.2d 154 (D.C. Cir. 1986) :: 2081 General Dynamics Corp.; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 517 (May 6, Gathungu v. Holder, 725 F.3d 900 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 800, 817, 1993) :: 2184, 2256, 2262, 2271, 2273, 2275 819, 1049, 1832, 2060 General Dynamics Info. Tech., Inc., 2014-PER-1307 (Mar. 7, Gatimi v. Holder, 578 F.3d 611 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 790, 810, 816, 2019) :: 1630 819, 938, 1009, 1021 General Electric Co. (GE Healthcare), 2011-PER-2696 (Jan. 22, Gatithi v. BIA, 412 F.Supp.3d 1075 (E.D. Mo. 2019) :: 1414 2013) :: 1666, 1674 Gatore v. DHS, 177 F.Supp.3d 46 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 610 General Electric Co. (GE Homes & Business Solutions), 2014- Gatore v. DHS, 286 F.Supp.3d 25 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2179 PER-571 (Jan. 31, 2019) :: 1619, 1674 Gatore v. DHS, 292 F.Supp.3d 486 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 610, 618 Gene R. McHam, 2008-INA-44 (Feb. 11, 2008) :: 1681, 1688 Gatore v. DHS, 327 F.Supp.3d 76 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 610–11, 2104 Genesis Healthcare Corp. v. Symczyk, 569 U.S. 66 (2013) :: Gattem v. Gonzales, 412 F.3d 758 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 302, 305 2028 Gaubert; U.S. v., 499 U.S. 315 (1991) :: 2134 Gen Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 700 F.3d 683 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1033, Gaudin v. Remis, 379 F.3d 631 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1073 1859, 1866 Gaudin; U.S. v., 515 U.S. 506 (1995) :: 175, 438, 2323 Genworth N. Am. Corp., 2012-PER-2980 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1695 Gaulding Farms, 2009-TLC-42 (May 19, 2009) :: 1236 Genzyme Therapeutic Products Ltd. P'ship, 2016-PER-465 (May Gault, In re; 387 U.S. 1 (1967) :: 646 30, 2019) :: 1647 Gavilan-Cuate v. Yetter, 276 F.3d 418 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 337, 1944 Geoffrey Allen Corp., 2008-PER-234 (May 7, 2009) :: 1619, 1668 Gawaran, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 938 (BIA 1995) :: 650, 1791, Georcely v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 721, 1902, 1819 2093 Gay; U.S. v., 7 F.3d 200 (11th Cir. 1993) :: 406 George v. Napolitano, 693 F.Supp.2d 125 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 1599, Gaye v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 633, 950, 954, 2026 1985, 1997 George v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 953 F.3d 1300 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 359 Gayle v. Johnson, 4 F.Supp.3d 692 (D.N.J. 2014) :: 1955 George; U.S. v., 779 F.3d 113 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 428, 431, 433 Gayle v. Meade, No. 20-21553-Civ, 2020 WL 3041326 (S.D. Fla. Georges v. United Nations, 834 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 2165 June 6, 2020) :: 88 Georgia Browns, 2015-PER-576 (Oct. 31, 2017) :: 1699 Gayle; U.S. v., 996 F.Supp.2d 42 (D. Conn. 2014) :: 2300, 2324 Georgia Latino Alliance for Human Rights v. Deal, 793 F.Supp.2d Gayle v. Warden Monmouth Cnty. Corr. Inst., 848 F.3d 297 (3d 1317 (N.D. Ga. 2011) :: 2024 Cir. 2016) :: 2032, 2105 Georgia Latino Alliance for Human Rights v. Deal, 958 F.Supp.2d Gaynor Gardens Homes, Inc., 2007-INA-269 (Mar. 24, 2008) :: 1355 (N.D. Ga. 2013) :: 52 1700, 1702 Georgia Latino Alliance for Human Rights v. Governor of Ga., 691 Gazebo Contracting, Inc., 2012-PER-2679 (Aug. 12, 2016) :: F.3d 1250 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 52, 2021–23 1655 Georgia Music Warehouse, LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2016- Gazeli v. Sessions, 856 F.3d 1101 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 1479, 1489, LCA-37 (Dec. 13, 2016) :: 1218 1491, 1994 Georgieff; U.S. v., 100 F.Supp.3d 15 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 2324 G-B-&B-, Inc., Matter of; ID# 1691557 (AAO Nov. 7, 2018) :: 1852 Georgieva v. Holder, 751 F.3d 514 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 981 Gbotoe v. Jennings, No. 17 Civ. 6819, 2017 WL 6039713 (N.D. Georgis v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 962 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 952, 962, Cal. Dec. 6, 2017) :: 765, 1980 987, 996, 1813, 1840, 2064, 2066 GB Tech., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2016-LCA-10 (May 2, Georgiu v. INS, 90 F.3d 374 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1759–60 2018) :: 1197, 1217 Gerardo Alvarado v. Universidad Carlos Albizu, No. 10-22072- GCCG, Inc. v. Holder, 999 F.Supp.2d 1161 (N.D. Cal. 2013) :: Civ-HUCK (S.D. Fla. Aug. 25, 2010) :: 2152 1179 Gerardo Concrete, LLC, 2018-TLN-122 (May 16, 2018) :: 1243, G.C. Constr. Corp., 88-INA-20 (1988) :: 1665 1246 G-C-L-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 359 (BIA 2002) :: 1878 Gerbier v. Holmes, 280 F.3d 297 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 311, 343 G-D-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1132 (BIA 1999) :: 1868 Gerezano-Rosales; U.S. v., 692 F.3d 393 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 449, G-D-K-, Matter of; ID# 4698526 (AAO Oct. 23, 2019) :: 1537 452 G-D-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 82 (BIA 2009) :: 1339, 1765, 1846 Geronimo v. Mukasey, 535 F.Supp.2d 808 (W.D. Tex. 2008) :: Ge v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 990, 997, 1025 574, 2337 Geach v. Chertoff, 444 F.3d 940 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1493, 1998, Gerrero v. Moyer, 738 F.Supp. 1164 (N.D. Ill. 1990) :: 929, 1951 2008 Gertsenshteyn, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 111 (BIA 2007) :: 362, 682 Gebhardt v. Nielsen, 879 F.3d 980 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 478, 1329 Gertsenshteyn v. DOJ, 544 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 332 Gebin v. Mineta, 231 F.Supp.2d 971 (C.D. Cal. 2002) :: 42 Getachew v. INS, 25 F.3d 841 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 1823, 1847 Gebre v. Rice, 462 F.Supp.2d 186 (D. Mass. 2006) :: 1436, 1953 Getahun v. OCAHO, 124 F.3d 591 (3d Cir. 1997) :: 2189, 2212 Gebreeyesus v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 952 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 678, Gete v. INS, 121 F.3d 1285 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 431, 1991 965, 991, 1875, 2046 Geysers Int'l, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2006-LCA-5 (Dec. 11, Gebrehiwot v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 723 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 966 2006) :: 1200–1201 Gebremaria v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 734 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1859, G-G-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 161 (BIA 1956) :: 174, 179 2099 G-G-, Matter of; ID# 38667535 (AAO Aug. 22, 2019) :: 1344 Gebremichael v. INS, 10 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 820, 1772, G-G-S-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 339 (BIA 2014) :: 872, 2070 1848 G-H-, Matter of; No. 13595 (AAO Sept. 11, 2015) (San Jose) :: Gebresadik v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 846 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1002 185, 1372 Geders v. U.S., 425 U.S. 80 (1976) :: 655 Ghadessi v. INS, 797 F.2d 804 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1034, 1859 Gee v. INS, 875 F.Supp. 666 (N.D. Cal. 1994) :: 2084, 2110 Ghaelian v. INS, 717 F.2d 950 (6th Cir. 1983) :: 1913 Gegiow v. Uhl, 239 U.S. 3 (1915) :: 40, 99, 104, 1935 Ghaffar v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 651 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1997 Geiser; U.S. v., 527 F.3d 288 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 2324 Ghafoori v. Napolitano, 713 F.Supp.2d 871 (N.D. Cal. 2010) :: 626 2510 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Ghahremani v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 993 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1880, Gitimu v. Holder, 581 F.3d 769 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 838, 843 1898, 1903, 1906 Giusto v. INS, 9 F.3d 8 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 1756 Ghaly v. INS, 48 F.3d 1426 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 627, 1416, 1453 Gizmo v. INS, 510 F.Supp.2d 210 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 2330 Ghaly v. INS, 58 F.3d 1425 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 791, 924, 1453–54, Gjeci v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 416 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 595, 631, 651 2025 Gjerjaj v. Holder, 691 F.3d 288 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 1113–14 Ghanem v. Heinauer, 546 F.Supp.2d 677 (W.D. Mo. 2008) :: Gjerzai v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 800 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 830, 950, 2333 959, 962, 988, 995 Ghanem v. Upchurch, 481 F.3d 222 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1456, 1962 Gjolaj v. USCIS, 468 F.3d 140 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 799, 1048 Ghani v. Holder, 557 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 141, 143 Gjonaj v. INS, 47 F.3d 824 (6th Cir. 1995) :: 876 Gharadaghi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 311 (BIA 1985) :: 912, 914, Gjondrekaj v. Napolitano, 801 F.Supp.2d 1344 (M.D. Fla. 2011) :: 926 1952 Ghasemimehr v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 1160 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1878 G-J-S-USA, Inc., Matter of; ID# 1182139 (AAO Jan. 25, 2018) :: Ghassan v. INS, 972 F.2d 631 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 1759, 1838, 1867 1203 Ghazali v. Holder, 585 F.3d 289 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 919, 2068 Gjura v. Holder, 695 F.3d 223 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 802, 815, 825 G.H. Daniels III & Associates v. Perez, No. 13-1479 (10th Cir. Gjyzi v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 710 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1040, 1987 Nov. 5, 2015) :: 1249 G-K-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 88 (BIA 2013) :: 777, 1029 Ghebrehiwot v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 467 F.3d 344 (3d Cir. 2006) :: Gladysz v. Donovan, 595 F.Supp. 50 (N.D. Ill. 1984) :: 1714 847, 883, 965, 1995, 2100 Glaros v. INS, 416 F.2d 441 (5th Cir. 1969) :: 673 Ghebremedhin v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 1116, 1119, modified, 392 G-L-C-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 359 (BIA 2002) :: 1868 F.3d 241 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 792, 796, 1010, 1841, 2098 Glencoe Press, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 764 (RC 1966) :: 1168 Gherebi v. Bush, 338 F.Supp.2d 91 (D.D.C. 2004) :: 552, 1942 Glendale Family Med. Ctr., 1995-INA-40 (Oct. 3, 1996) :: 1541, Gherebi v. Bush, 374 F.3d 727 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 551, 1942 1663 Ghotra v. Whitaker, 912 F.3 284 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 1000 Global Cabinets LLC, 2009-PER-364 (June 29, 2010) :: 1646–47 Ghounem v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 740 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 648, 719, Global Empire, LLC, 2012-PER-2800 (July 14, 2016) :: 1707 2038, 2091 Global Export/Import Link v. USCIS, 423 F.Supp.2d 703 (E.D. Giambanco v. INS, 531 F.2d 141 (3d Cir. 1976) :: 391, 1729 Mich. 2006) :: 1296, 1963 Giammarco v. Beers, 170 F.Supp.3d 320 (D. Conn. 2016) :: Global Horizons Manpower, Inc. and Mordechai Orian; Adminis- 1927, 1931, 2297, 2304 trator, WHD v., ARB No. 09-016 (Dec. 21, 2010) :: 1242 Gian, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 242 (BIA 1965) :: 131, 376 Global IT Grp., Inc., 2013-PER-846 (Dec. 18, 2017) :: 1673, Giap v. INS, 311 F.Supp.2d 438 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 574–75, 1936, 1676–77 2336 Global IT Solutions USI, Inc., 2007-INA-53 (Apr. 22, 2009) :: 1688 Giday v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 543 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 727, 793, 987, Globalnet Mgmt. L.C. 2009-PER-110 (Aug. 6, 2009) :: 1671, 1673 995, 1845 Global Teachers Research & Resources, Inc., 2015-PER-396 Giday v. INS, 113 F.3d 230 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 718 (Mar. 30, 2017) :: 1698 Giddings v. Chandler, 979 F.2d 1104 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 1953, Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A., 563 U.S. 754 (2011) :: 2017 179, 885, 2196, 2235 Giglio v. Neeley, 208 F.2d 337 (7th Cir. 1953) :: 123 Global TPA, LLC, 2012-PER-847 (Feb. 18, 2016) :: 1623, 1628 Giglio v. U.S., 405 U.S. 150 (1972) :: 626 Globenet, Inc. v. U.S. Att'y Gen., No. 88-1261-HHG, 1989 U.S. Gilaj v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 275 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 474, 668, 699, Dist. LEXIS 7154, 1989 WL 132041 (D.D.C. Jan. 10, 1989) 787 :: 1186 Gilbert v. U.S., 489 F.Supp.2d 150 (N.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 402 Gloria; U.S. v., 494 F.2d 477 (5th Cir. 1974) :: 144 Gilca v. Holder, 680 F.3d 109 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 790, 847, 2036 Glover; U.S. v., 431 F.3d 744 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 321 Gildernew v. Quarantillo, 594 F.3d 131 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 2293 Glus v. G.C. Murphy Co., 562 F.2d 880,888 (3d Cir. 1977) :: 2265 Gilikevorkian, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 454 (BIA 1973) :: 176 G-N-C-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 281 (BIA 1998) :: 566, 578, 635, Gill v. Ashcroft, 335 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 374, 394 745, 1795, 1810, 1830 Gill v. Ashcroft, 420 F.3d 92 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 287 Go v. Holder, 640 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 866, 876, 2087 Gill v. INS, 420 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 130, 135, 1996, 1998, Go v. Holder, 744 F.3d 604 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 893, 1856 2007, 2085 Godfrey, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 790 (BIA 1971) :: 1838 Gill; U.S. v., 748 F.3d 491 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 413, 1753, 2117 Godfrey v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 1013 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 184, 186, 2199 Gilliard; U.S. v., 133 F.3d 809 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 667 Godinez v. Barr, 929 F.3d 598 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1046 Gilli Inc., 2011-PER-1880 (Jan. 7, 2013) :: 1652 Godinez-Arroyo v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 848 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 130– Gillis; U.S. v., 938 F.3d 1181 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 326 31, 2080 Gil-Lopez; U.S. v., 825 F.3d 819 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 411 Goel v. Bion Healthcare Staffing LLC, 2007-LCA-21 (July 18, Gilman v. DHS, 32 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 616 2007) :: 1212 G- Inc., Matter of; ID# 96255 (AAO Feb. 17, 2017) :: 1528 Goel v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 735 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 667, 1033, Ginters v. Frazier, 614 F.3d 822 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 569, 1419, 1886 1969 Goldberg-Botvin v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 938 F.Supp.2d 1 Gipson v. INS, 284 F.3d 913 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 2061 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2157 Gipson v. Jefferson Cnty. Sheriff's Office, 613 F.3d 1054 (11th Golden Bridge Restaurant LLC, 2007-PER-99 (Dec. 18, 2007) :: Cir. 2010) :: 2130 1632 Giraldo v. Drummond Co., Inc., 808 F.Supp.2d 247 (D.D.C. 2011) Golden Dragon Chinese Restaurant, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 238 :: 2160 (Comm. 1984) :: 1266 Giraldo v. Holder, 654 F.3d 609 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1830, 1910 Golden Employment Grp., Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1274 Giraldo; U.S. v., 45 F.3d 509 (1st Cir. 1995) :: 432 (Apr. 1, 2016) :: 2187, 2203 Giraldo-Hernandez v. INS, 98 ALR Fed. 741, 1989 WL 39684 Golden Employment Grp., Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1277 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 12, 1989) :: 1916 (Apr. 27, 2016) :: 2216, 2229, 2232 Giraldo-Pabon v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1008 Goldeshtein, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 382 (BIA 1991) :: 124, 143 Giri v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 833 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 2035 Goldeshtein v. INS, 8 F.3d 645 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 123, 129–31, Giri v. Lynch, 793 F.3d 797 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 589 143–44, 2041 Girma v. INS, 283 F.3d 664 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 831 Golding; U.S. v., 162 F.Supp.3d 1285 (S.D. Fla. 2016) :: 2325 Girosky-Garibay; U.S. v., 176 F.Supp.2d 705 (W.D. Tex. 2001) :: Goldman Sachs & Co., 11-PER-1064 (June 8, 2012) :: 1697 420 Goldstein v. Moatz, 445 F.3d 747 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 2167 Gisbert v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 988 F.2d 1437 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 259 Golf Int'l d/b/a Desert Canyon Golf; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1214 Gishta v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 972 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 695 (Mar. 26, 2014) :: 2204, 2218–20 Gitau v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 906 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 721 Golf Int'l d/b/a Desert Canyon Golf; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1222 Gitau v. Sessions, 878 F.3d 429 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 1395, 1966 (June 13, 2014) :: 2204, 2220, 2231 Golicov v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 1065 (10th Cir. 2016) :: 2124 TABLE OF CASES 2511

Gomes v. Ashcroft, 311 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2002) :: 75, 370, 1755– Gonahasa v. INS, 181 F.3d 538 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 843, 845, 1031 56 Goncalves v. INS, 6 F.3d 830 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 1867 Gomes v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 1264 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 848, 1013, Goncalves v. Reno, 144 F.3d 110 (1st Cir. 1998) :: 1935, 2071, 1860, 2058, 2095 2121 Gomes v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 746 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 785, 969, Goncalves Pontes v. Barr, 938 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 555, 577 1010, 1049 Gondal v. DHS, 343 F.Supp.3d 83 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 1800, 1979 Gomes v. Smith, 381 F.Supp.3d 120 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 168, Gondinez-Rabadan; U.S. v., 289 F.3d 630 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 406 1885 Gong v. Duke, 282 F.Supp.3d 566 (E.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 1929, 1949 Gomes, Estate of, v. County of Lake, 178 F.Supp.3d 687 (N.D. Ill. Gontcharova v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 873 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 958 2016) :: 736 Gonzaga-Ortega v. Holder, 736 F.3d 795 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 46, 76, Gomez v. Ashcroft, 293 F.Supp.2d 162 (D. Conn. 2003) :: 323, 237, 250, 487, 632 367 Gonzales v. DHS, 508 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1974, 2075, Gomez v. F&T Int'l LLC, 842 N.Y.S.2d 298 (S.Ct. June 25, 2007) 2077–78 :: 2253 Gonzales v. Duenas-Alvarez, 549 U.S. 183 (2007) :: 130, 327, Gomez v. Fuenmayor, 812 F.3d 1005 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 189 329–30, 336, 342, 347, 354 Gomez v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 543 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1047 Gonzales v. Oregon, 546 U.S. 243 (2005) :: 2069, 2078 Gomez v. INS, 947 F.2d 660 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 815, 899 Gonzales v. Tchoukhrova, 549 U.S. 801 (2006) :: 813, 1051, Gomez v. Kelly, 237 F.Supp.3d 13 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 1954 2096 Gomez v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 652 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 67, 75, 273, 279, Gonzales v. Thomas, 547 U.S. 183 (2006) :: 813, 949, 1051, 1463, 1744, 2068–69, 2080 1849, 2096 Gomez v. Nielsen, 301 F.Supp.3d 91 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1949 Gonzales; U.S. v., 484 F.3d 712 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 309 Gomez v. Trump, No. 20-cv-01419 (APM), 2020 WL 3429786 Gonzales; U.S. v., 884 F.3d 457 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 385 (D.D.C. June 23, 2020) :: 82 Gonzales-Gomez v. Achim, 441 F.3d 532 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 343 Gomez; U.S. v., 38 F.3d 1031 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 408 Gonzales & Gonzales Bonds & Ins. Agency v. DHS, 913 Gomez; U.S. v., 757 F.3d 885 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 326, 362, 412, F.Supp.2d 865 (N.D. Cal. 2012) :: 599, 1918 453, 470, 645 Gonzales & Gonzales Bonds & Ins. Agency; U.S. v., 103 Gomez; U.S. v., 945 F.Supp.2d 1359 (S.D. Fla. 2013) :: 382, 386, F.Supp.3d 1121 (N.D. Cal. 2015) :: 532, 1921 2300 Gonzales & Gonzales Bonds & Ins. Agency; U.S. v., 728 Gomez; U.S. v., 955 F.3d 1250 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 452, 460 F.Supp.2d 1077 (N.D. Cal. 2010) :: 532, 1849, 2050 Gomez-Arauz v. McNary, 746 F.Supp. 1071 (W.D. Okla. 1990) :: Gonzales-Veliz v. Barr, 938 F.3d 219 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 811, 820, 1402, 2062 822, 884, 1017, 1870, 1993, 2001–2, 2004 Gomez-Arauz v. McNary, 779 F.Supp. 1308 (W.D. Okla. 1991) :: Gonzalez, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 134 (BIA 1977) :: 391, 1729 1494, 2043, 2173, 2243 Gonzalez, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 564 (BIA 1978) :: 1789 Gomez-Beleno v. Holder, 644 F.3d 139 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 2171, Gonzalez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 644 (BIA 1993) :: 274 2176 Gonzalez v. Ashcroft, 369 F.Supp.2d 442 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 305, Gomez-Beltran, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 765 (BIA 2016) :: 1730 332 Gomez-Chavez v. Perryman, 308 F.3d 796 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 744– Gonzalez v. Barber, 207 F.3d 398 (9th Cir. 1953) :: 132 45, 1989–90 Gonzalez v. Chertoff, 454 F.3d 813 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 43, 738 Gomez-Garcia v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 730 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 833, Gonzalez v. Cissna, 364 F.Supp.3d 579 (E.D.N.C. 2019) :: 1354, 1015 1929 Gomez-Giraldo, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 957 (BIA 1995) :: 1750, Gonzalez v. Duenas-Alvarez, 549 U.S. 183 (2007) :: 128 2109, 2121 Gonzalez v. Holder, 673 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1339, 1765 Gomez-Gomez, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 522 (BIA 2002) :: 673, Gonzalez v. Holder, 771 F.3d 238 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 2284 676, 703, 716, 723 Gonzalez v. ICE, 416 F.Supp.3d 995 (C.D. Cal. 2019) :: 234, 534 Gomez-Gomez; U.S. v., 917 F.3d 333 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 321 Gonzalez v. ICE, 2014 WL 12605368 (C.D. Cal. July 28, 2014) :: Gomez-Granillo v. Holder, 654 F.3d 826 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 149 537 Gomez-Guerra; U.S. v., 485 F.3d 301 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 325 Gonzalez v. INS, 82 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 793, 948, 1848 Gomez-Gutierrez v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 1053 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 137 Gonzalez v. INS, 867 F.2d 1108 (8th Cir. 1989) :: 2161 Gomez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 777 F.Supp.2d 464 (E.D.N.Y. 2011) Gonzalez v. INS, 996 F.2d 804 (6th Cir. 1993) :: 468, 1759 :: 419 Gonzalez v. Limon, 926 F.3d 186 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 2335 Gomez-Herrera; U.S. v., 523 F.3d 554 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 388, 446 Gonzalez v. McNary, 765 F.Supp. 721 (S.D. Fla.), aff'd on other Gomez-Lopez v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 882 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1731, grounds, 980 F.2d 1418 (11th Cir. 1993) :: 572, 1056 1742, 1780, 1974 Gonzalez v. O'Connell, 355 F.3d 1010 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 375, 529, Gomez-Medina v. Holder, 687 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 589, 668 543, 545, 1998, 2003, 2009 Gomez-Orozco; U.S. v., 28 F.Supp.2d 1092 (C.D. Ill. 1998), rev'd Gonzalez v. Reno, 212 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 45, 778, on other grounds, 188 F.3d 422 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 404, 1406, 794, 936, 941, 2076 1408 Gonzalez v. Reno, 325 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 2138, 2140, Gomez-Ortiz; U.S. v., 62 F.Supp.2d 508 (D.R.I. 1999) :: 314, 456, 2164 458 Gonzalez v. Rivkind, 858 F.2d 657 (11th Cir. 1988) :: 432 Gomez-Palacios v. Holder, 560 F.3d 354 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 714– Gonzalez v. Secretary, DHS, 678 F.3d 254 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 2296, 15 2303 Gomez-Perez v. Holder, 569 F.3d 370 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1780, Gonzalez v. Sessions, 894 F.3d 131 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 375 1897 Gonzalez v. U.S., 647 F.Supp.2d 771 (S.D. Tex. 2009) :: 2140 Gomez-Perez v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 323 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 125, 130, Gonzalez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 820 F.3d 399 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 810, 134, 347, 349, 351 813, 2076 Gomez-Ramirez; U.S. v., 365 F.Supp.3d 226 (D. Mass. 2019) :: Gonzalez; U.S. v., 112 F.3d 1325 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 459 419 Gonzalez; U.S. v., 429 F.3d 1252 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 228, 412, 737, Gomez-Revera v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 995 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 829 2122 Gomez-Saballos v. INS, 79 F.3d 912 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 802, 808, Gonzalez; U.S. v., 550 F.3d 1319 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 454 950 Gonzalez-Alarcon v. Macias, 854 F.3d 1266 (10th Cir. 2018) :: Gomez-Sanchez v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 985 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 872, 1896 2070 Gonzalez-Alvarado v. INS, 39 F.3d 245 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 129, 136 Gomez-Velazco v. Sessions, 879 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 635, Gonzalez-Alvarado; U.S. v., 477 F.3d 648 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 388 638, 737 Gonzalez-Balderas v. Holder, 597 F.3d 869 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 168 Gomez-Zuluaga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 527 F.3d 330 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 786, 819, 885, 964 Gonzalez-Batoon v. INS, 767 F.2d 1302 (9th Cir. 1985), aff'd en banc, 791 F.2d 681 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1889 Gomis v. Holder, 571 F.3d 353 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 1045 2512 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Gonzalez Cano v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 809– Gonzalez-Soto v. Lynch, 841 F.3d 682 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 825, 10, 817, 826 1015 Gonzalez-Cantu v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 1882 Gonzalez-Torres; U.S. v., 309 F.3d 594 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 403, Gonzalez-Caraveo v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 885 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 407, 427, 441 698 Gonzalez-Valencia; U.S. v., 400 F.Supp.3d 1118 (E.D. Wash. Gonzalez-Carballo; U.S. v., 519 F.3d 1232 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 448 2019) :: 411 Gonzalez-Cervantes v. Holder, 709 F.3d 1265 (9th Cir. 2013) :: Gonzalez-Valerio; U.S. v., 342 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 323, 126, 128, 137, 355 418 Gonzalez-Chavez; U.S. v., 122 F.3d 15 (8th Cir. 1997) :: 402 Gonzalez-Vega v. Lynch, 839 F.3d 738 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 698 Gonzalez-Corn; U.S. v., 807 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 310, 400 Gonzalez-Vera v. Kissinger, 449 F.3d 1260 (D.C. Cir. 2006) :: Gonzalez-Coronado; U.S. v., 419 F.3d 1090 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 2151 397 Gonzalez-Villalobos; U.S. v., 724 F.3d 1125 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 413 Gonzalez-De Leon v. Barr, 932 F.3d 489 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 825 Gonzalez-Zoquiapan, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 549 (BIA 2008) :: Gonzalez-Diaz; U.S. v., 650 F.3d 1239 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 73, 406 151, 1729 Gonzalez-Escalante, Matter of; No. A35-294-644 (BIA Mar. 12, Gonzalez-Zotelo; U.S. v., 556 F.3d 736 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 446 1982) :: 397 Gonzalo v. Thornburgh, 761 F.Supp. 1264 (W.D. La. 1991) :: Gonzalez-Esparsa; U.S. v., 956 F.3d 1015 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 435, 1939 442 Good; U.S. v., 386 F.Supp.3d 1073 (D. Neb. 2019) :: 427 Gonzalez-Fierro; U.S. v., 949 F.3d 512 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 423, Good Deal, Inc., 2009-PER-309 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1685 1907, 1985 Good Earth Gardens Ctrs., 2003-INA-284 (Nov. 5, 2004) :: 1691 Gonzalez-Flores; U.S. v., 804 F.3d 921 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 418 Goodman v. Keohane, 663 F.2d 1044 (11th Cir. 1981) :: 1939 Gonzalez-Garcia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 317 F.Supp.3d 1147 (M.D. Good Samaritan Hosp. v. Shalala, 508 U.S. 402 (1993) :: 2084 Fla. 2018) :: 1764 Goodsell v. The Miss. Bar, 667 So.2d 7 (Miss. 1996) :: 655 Gonzalez-Gonzalez v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 649 (9th Cir. 2004) :: The Good Shepherd of the Little Ones, 2009-PER-105 (BALCA 1763, 1774 June 23, 2009) :: 1542, 1622 Gonzalez-Hernandez v. Arizona Family Health P'ship, 11 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Haeger, 137 S.Ct. 1778 (2017) :: OCAHO no. 1254 (June 30, 2015) :: 2260 2166 Gonzalez-Hernandez v. Arizona Family Health P'ship, 11 Goolcharan, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 5 (BIA 2001) :: 1864 OCAHO no. 1254a (Oct. 2, 2015) :: 2275 Goonsuwan v. Ashcroft, 252 F.3d 383 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 644, 2000 Gonzalez-Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 995 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Goorahoo, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 782 (BIA 1994) :: 1377, 2285 842–43 Gor v. Holder, 607 F.3d 180 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 1827, 1869, 1962, Gonzalez-Julio v. INS, 34 F.3d 820 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 40, 472 1965 Gonzalez Lemus, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 612 (BIA 2019) :: 292, Gorbach v. Reno, 219 F.3d 1087 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) :: 307 2071, 2319, 2327 Gonzalez-Longoria; U.S. v., 831 F.3d 670 (5th Cir. 2016) (en Gorbach v. Reno, 2001 WL 34145464 (W.D. Wash. 2001) :: 2319 banc) :: 320 Gorchev & Gorchev Graphic Design, 1989-INA-118 (Nov. 29, Gonzalez-Lopez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 644 (BIA 1993) :: 711, 1990) :: 1696 1809 Gordillo v. Holder, 640 F.3d 700 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1776, 1880–81 Gonzalez-Maldonado v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 975 (5th Cir. 2007) :: Gordon, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 52 (BIA 1989) :: 1749 1730 Gordon v. Ashcroft, 283 F.Supp.2d 435 (D. Mass. 2003) :: 1755 Gonzalez-Martinez v. HHS, 677 F.Supp.2d 1233 (D. Utah 2009) :: Gordon v. INS, 36 F.3d 249 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 650 1380 Gordon v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 861 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 309, Gonzalez-Medina v. Holder, 641 F.3d 333 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 850, 312 862, 869 Gordon v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 962 F.3d 1344 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 291 Gonzalez-Mendoza; U.S. v., 985 F.2d 1014 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 539, Gordon; U.S. v., 513 F.3d 659 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 405, 408, 454 646 Gormley v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 791, 793 Gonzalez-Muro, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 472 (BIA 2008) :: 576, Goromou v. Holder, 721 F.3d 569 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 863–64 2329 Gosen v. USCIS, 75 F.Supp.3d 279 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 613 Gonzalez-Oropeza v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 321 F.3d 1331 (11th Cir. Gosen v. USCIS, 118 F.Supp.3d 232 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 610, 612 2003) :: 1778, 1813, 1972, 1983 Goswell-Renner v. Holder, 762 F.3d 696 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1993 Gonzalez-Posadas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 781 F.3d 677 (3d Cir. G.O.T. Supply, Inc., 2012-PER-429 (Oct. 6, 2015) :: 1623, 1633, 2015) :: 1020, 1044 1641 Gonzalez Recinas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 2002) :: 1733 Gottesman v. INS, 33 F.3d 383 (4th Cir. 1994) :: 1495, 1914 Gonzalez-Rivera v. INS, 22 F.3d 1441 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 485, 493, Gottesman v. INS, 922 F.Supp. 605 (N.D. Ga. 1996) :: 1495 1839 Gourche v. Holder, 663 F.3d 882 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 283, 1416, Gonzalez Romo, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 743 (BIA 2016), aff'd, 1788–89 Romo v. Barr, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 144, 389 Gourdet v. Holder, 587 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 882 Gonzalez-Roque; U.S. v., 301 F.3d 39 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 412–13, 421, 423, 2030 Gourzong v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 826 F.3d 132 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 376 Gonzalez Rosario v. USCIS, 365 F.Supp.3d 1156 (W.D. Wash. Gousse v. Ashcroft, 339 F.3d 91 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 307, 310, 360, 2018) and 2019 WL 1275097 (W.D. Wash Mar. 30, 2019) :: 387 945 Gouveia v. INS, 980 F.2d 814 (1st Cir. 1980) :: 1759–60 Gonzalez Ruano v. Barr, 922 F.3d 346 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 811, 817, Gouveia; U.S. v., 467 U.S. 180 (1984) :: 645 831, 1008, 1040 Government Accountability Project v. DHS, 335 F.Supp.3d 7 Gonzalez-Ruano v. Holder, 662 F.3d 59 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 1437, (D.D.C. 2018) :: 604 1777 Government Accountability Project v. DOS, 699 F.Supp.2d 97 Gonzalez-Rucci v. INS, 405 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 2136 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 614 Gonzalez-Rucci v. INS, 539 F.3d 66 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 2136 Government Training LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2015-LCA-5 Gonzalez-Ruiz; U.S. v., 369 F.Supp.2d 1151 (N.D. Cal. 2005) :: (Feb. 24, 2016) :: 1198–99, 1210, 1216 400 G-P-C-F-K-, Matter of; ID# 1033730 (AAO Mar. 8, 2017) :: 1537 Gonzalez-Sanchez; U.S. v., 398 F.Supp.3d 794 (D. Idaho 2019) G-Q-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 376 (BIA 1961) :: 1866 :: 413 G-R-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 733 (BIA 1946) :: 132 Gonzalez-Sandoval v. INS, 910 F.2d 614 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 288 Grace v. Whitaker, 344 F.Supp.3d 96 (D.D.C. 2018), rev'g Matter Gonzalez-Segura v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 127 (5th Cir. 2018) :: of A-B-, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (AG 2018); aff'd in part and rev'd 2282 in part, Grace v. Barr, __ F.3d __, 2020 WL 4032652 (D.C. Gonzalez-Silva, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 218 (BIA 2007) :: 300, Cir. July 17, 2020) :: 801, 804, 811–12, 820–22, 1008, 1763 1017, 1019, 1816, 1838–39, 1947, 1955 TABLE OF CASES 2513

Grace Korean United Methodist Church v. Chertoff, 437 Griffiths, Application of; 413 U.S. 717 (1973) :: 55 F.Supp.2d 1174 (D. Or. 2005) :: 1543 Griffo v. McCandless, 28 F.2d 287 (E.D. Pa. 1928) :: 134 Gracidas-Ulibarry; U.S. v., 231 F.3d 1188 (9th Cir. 2000) (en Grigoryan v. Barr, 959 F.3d 1233 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 470, 662, 674, banc) :: 402 961, 967, 1054 Grade A Crawfish, 2016-TLC-9 (Jan. 6, 2016) :: 1229 Grigoryan v. Keisler, 515 F.3d 999 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 638 Grageda v. INS, 12 F.3d 919 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 133 Grigous v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 156 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 708 Graham v. Caston, 568 F.2d 1092 (5th Cir. 1978) :: 1991 Grijalva, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 713 (BIA 1988) :: 226, 662, 684, Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989) :: 498 717, 1722 Graham v. INS, 998 F.2d 194 (3d Cir. 1993) :: 1749 Grijalva, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 27 (BIA 1995) (en banc) :: 712– Graham v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 738 13, 718 Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365 (1971) :: 38, 48 Grijalva, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 472 (BIA 1996) :: 639, 643, 712, Graham; U.S. v., 169 F.3d 787 (3d Cir. 1999) :: 327, 368–69, 456 721 Graham, 1988-INA-102 (1990) :: 1677 Grijalva v. Ilchert, 815 F.Supp. 328 (N.D. Cal. 1993) :: 2062 Gramatikov v. INS, 128 F.3d 619 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 659, 948, 968 Grimson v. INS, 934 F.Supp. 965 (N.D. Ill. 1996) :: 1522 Granada-Rubio v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 814, 824 Grinberg, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 911 (BIA 1994) :: 1486, 1787, Granada-Rubio v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 35 38-39 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 2113 1994 Grinberg v. Swacina, 478 F.Supp.2d 1350 (S.D. Fla. 2007) :: Granados, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 726 (BIA 1979) :: 136, 145 1930, 1951, 1964, 1970, 1975 Granados-Osequera v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2008) :: Grinin v. Johnson, 224 F.3d 525 (S.D. Tex. 2016) :: 1288 1719, 1736–37, 1829, 2030 Grisel; U.S. v., 488 F.3d 844 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) abrogated Grand China, Inc.; U.S. v., 376 F.Supp.2d 1150 (D.N.M. 2005) :: on other grounds by U.S. v. Stitt, 139 S.Ct. 300 (2018) :: 530, 549 356 Grand Jury Subpoena, In re; 912 F.3d 623 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: G-R-K-, Matter of; ID#266995 (AAO May 17, 2017) :: 1318 2154 Grodzki v. Reno, 950 F.Supp. 339 (N.D. Ga. 1996) :: 541, 544 Grand Jury Subpoenas Returnable Dec. 16, 2017, In re; 871 F.3d Groza v. INS, 30 F.3d 814 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 1759 141 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 1319, 1322 Gruenangerl, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 351 (BIA 2010) :: 338, 345, Grand Metro. Housewares, Inc., 2009-PER-36 (July 13, 2009) :: 361 1618, 1668 Grullon, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 12 (BIA 1989) :: 376 Grant v. DHS, 534 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 2284 Grullon v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1946 Grant v. Zemski, 54 F.Supp.2d 437 (E.D. Pa. 1999) :: 544, 2002, Grullon v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 107 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1992, 1998– 2009 99, 2007, 2009 Grass v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1487, 1905, Grupee v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 1026 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 989, 996, 1982, 2048 1015 Grasslands Consultants, LLC, 2016-TLC-12 (Jan. 27, 2016) :: GT Trans, Inc., 2016-TLN-29 (Apr. 15, 2016) :: 1255, 1257 1229, 1233 Gu v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1014 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 673, 978, 1048 Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003) :: 2105 Guadalupe v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 951 F.3d 161 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 411– Grava v. INS, 205 F.3d 1177 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 805, 934, 1031 12, 555, 577, 582, 722, 747, 1746 Grayned v. City of Rockford, 408 U.S. 104 (1972) :: 2081, 2124 Guadalupe-Cruz v. INS, 240 F.3d 1209 (9th Cir. 2001), opinion Grayson Enterprises, Inc.; U.S. v., 950 F.3d 386 (7th Cir. 2020) :: corrected, 250 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1748, 1783, 428, 430 2100 Grazley, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 330 (BIA 1973) :: 138 Guadardo; U.S. v., 40 F.3d 102 (5th Cir. 1994) :: 322 Great Bend Packing Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 835 (Feb. Guadarrama, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 625 (BIA 2008) :: 185, 1731, 13, 1996) :: 2217, 2221 1761, 2199 Great Earth Co.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1070 (June 1, 2001) :: Guadian-Salazar; U.S. v., 824 F.2d 344 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 444 2275 Guamanrrigra v. Holder, 670 F.3d 404 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 577 Greater Emanuel Temple, Inc., Matter of; EAC 93-100-51628 Guan v. Barr, 925 F.3d 1022 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 631, 695, 876, 889, (AAU Oct. 27, 1993) :: 1545 966, 986, 990, 1004, 1011 Greater Missouri Med. Pro-Care Providers, Inc.; Administrator, Guan v. BIA, 345 F.3d 47 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 862 WHD v., 2008-LCA-26, ARB No. 12-015 (ARB Jan. 29, Guan v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 391 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 985, 999, 1845 2014), aff'd, Greater Missouri Med. Pro-Care Providers, Inc. Guan v. INS, 49 F.3d 1259 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 1887 v. Perez, 812 F.3d 1132 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1202, 1210–11 Guantanamo Bay Detainee Litigation, In re; 787 F.Supp.2d 5 Great Lakes Airlines v. C.A.B. of U.S., 291 F.2d 354 (9th Cir. (D.D.C. 2011) :: 553 1961) :: 619 Guardado v. U.S., 744 F.Supp.2d 482 (E.D. Va. 2010) :: 1982, Great Southern Farms, LLC, 2009-TLC-65 (Sept. 3, 2009) :: 1230 2134, 2140 Great Wall, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 142 (RC 1977) :: 1604 Guardado-Garcia v. Holder, 615 F.3d 900 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 142 Greeley Publishing Co., 2012-PER-568 (Jan. 30 2015) :: 1635 Guardia v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 968 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1046 Green v. INS, 46 F.3d 313 (3d Cir. 1995) :: 725 Guardian Pharmacy, LLC, 2013-PER-3017 (Apr. 26, 2017) :: Green v. Napolitano, 627 F.3d 1341 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 1899, 1662 1964 Guarino v. Uhl, 107 F.2d 399 (2d Cir. 1939) :: 127, 140 Green v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 694 F.3d 503 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 889 Guaylupo-Moya v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 228, Greenbelt Landscapes, Inc., 2008-INA-22 (Aug. 28, 2008) :: 1691 370, 478, 483, 579, 2116, 2122 Greene v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 474 (1959) :: 2243 Gubbels v. Hoy, 261 F.2d 952 (9th Cir. 1958) :: 131, 376 Greene v. U.S., 376 U.S. 149 (1964) :: 2120 Guchshenkov v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 554 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 729, Greenidge v. INS, 263 F.Supp.2d 696 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1756 795, 1049, 1827 Greenland v. District Director, INS/ICE/DHS, 599 F.Supp.2d 365 Guentchev v. INS, 77 F.3d 1036 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 659 (W.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 754 Guerra, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 37 (BIA 2006) :: 511, 515–16, Green; State v., 944 So.2d 208 (Fla. 2006) :: 396 523, 529–30, 548 Gregoire v. Holder, 635 F.3d 159 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 1868 Guerra v. Barr, 951 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 893, 1836 Greg's Collision Ctr., Inc., 2005-INA-121 (Aug. 10, 2006) :: 1664 Guerra v. Shanahan, 831 F.3d 59 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 744, 762, 2068 Gressin, Matter of; No. A72-457-702 (AAU Sept. 13, 1993) :: Guerra v. Sutton, 783 F.2d 1371 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 501, 2139, 1385 2164 Grey v. Cissna, 413 F.Supp.3d 466 (D.S.C. 2019) :: 2332 Guerra v. U.S., 75 F.Supp.2d 1276 (W.D. Wash. 2014) :: 2166 Grieveson; U.S. v., 110 F.Supp.2d 880 (S.D. Ind. 2000) :: 404 Guerra-Marchorro v. Holder, 760 F.3d 126 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 833 Griffin v. Breckenridge, 403 U.S. 88 (1971) :: 2131 Guerra Rocha v. Barr, 951 F.3d 848 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 594 Griffin v. Singletary, 17 F.3d 356 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 2105 Guerra-Soto v. Ashcroft, 397 F.3d 637 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 478, 637, Griffiths v. INS, 243 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 375, 381, 1735, 1726, 1780, 1973 2072 Guerrero, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 631 (BIA 2011) :: 390 2514 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Guerrero v. California Dep't of Corr. & Rehab., 11 OCAHO no. Guo Qi Wang v. Holder, 583 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 876 1264 (Oct. 23, 2015) :: 2263, 2273 Guo Shou Wu v. Holder, 741 F.3d 211 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 699 Guerrero v. Holder, 667 F.3d 74 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 833 Gupta, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 477 (DAC 1970) :: 1157 Guerrero v. Holder, 734 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1339, 1765 Gupta v. Administrator, WHD, 2010-LCA-24, ARB No. 12-050 Guerrero v. Holder, 766 F.3d 122 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1869 (ARB Feb. 27, 2014) :: 1210–11 Guerrero v. Johnson, 138 F.Supp.3d 754 (E.D. La. 2015) :: 899 Gupta v. Compunnel Software Grp., Inc., 2011-LCA-45, ARB No. Guerrero v. Whitaker, 908 F.3d 541 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 872 14-86 (ARB Sept. 23, 2014) :: 1219 Guerrero-Barajas; U.S. v., 240 F.3d 428 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 495 Gupta v. Headstrong, Inc., 2011-LCA-38, ARB Nos. 11-065, 11- Guerrero de Nodahl v. INS, 407 F.2d 1405 (9th Cir. 1969) :: 132 008 (ARB June 29, 2012) :: 1211 Guerrero-Guerrero v. Clark, 687 F.Supp. 1022 (E.D. Va. 1988) :: Gupta v. McGahey, 709 F.3d 1062 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 1981, 2139, 399 2141 Guerrero-Lasprilla v. Barr, 589 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 1062 (2020) :: Gupta v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 52 F.Supp.3d 677 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 711, 1035–36, 1880, 1883, 1897–98, 1904, 1991, 2041 2281 Guerrero-Perez v. INS, 242 F.3d 727 (7th Cir.), reh'g denied, 256 Gupta v. Wipro Ltd., 2010-LCA-24 (ARB Aug. 11, 2011) :: 1211 F.3d 546 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 303, 305, 344, 672 Gurbisz v. INS, 675 F.Supp. 436 (N.D. Ill. 1987) :: 1916, 2028, Guerrero-Roque v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 1764 2044 Guerrero-Sanchez v. Warden York Cnty. Prison, 905 F.3d 208 Gurdip R. Singh, 2010-PER-1471 (Dec. 27, 2010) :: 1613, 1709 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 547–48, 747, 761, 2081, 2084 Gurukrupa LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2007-LCA-19 (July 5, Guerrero-Santana v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 90 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 636 2007) :: 1217 Guerrero-Silva v. Holder, 599 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 293 Gurung v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 718 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 718 Guerrero-Velasquez; U.S. v., 434 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 387 Gurung v. Barr, 929 F.3d 56 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 972, 980, 2054 Guerrier; U.S. v., 428 F.3d 76 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 404 G-U.S. Inc., Matter of; ID# 717521 (AAO Dec. 20, 2017) :: 1525 Guess?, Inc., 2015-PER-504 (June 28, 2017) :: 1614 Guta-Tolossa v. Holder, 674 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 953, 955, Guevara, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 238 (BIA 1991) :: 272, 670, 690, 973 1833 Guth v. Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, 10 OCAHO no. 1190 (July Guevara v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 173 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 567 18, 2013) :: 2205, 2260, 2262–63 Guevara v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 456 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1830, 1838 Guti v. INS, 908 F.2d 495 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 537, 1937 Guevara v. Holder, 649 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1744, 2079 Gutierrez, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 562 (BIA 1988) :: 275 Guevara v. Zanotti, 399 F.Supp.3d 494 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 1478 Gutierrez v. Ada, 528 U.S. 250 (2000) :: 2113 Guevara Alfaro, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 417 (BIA 2011) :: 137–38, Gutierrez v. Ashcroft, 289 F.Supp.2d 555 (D.N.J. 2003) :: 477, 1817 638, 640, 1725, 1937, 1939, 2039, 2091 Guevara-Martinez; U.S. v., 262 F.3d 751 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 490 Gutierrez v. Holder, 662 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 667, 670, Guevara-Martinez; U.S. v., 268 F.3d 751 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 405 1366, 1963, 1969 Guevara-Solorzano v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 125 (4th Cir. 2018) :: Gutierrez v. Holder, 708 F.3d 1098 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1901 144, 288, 1757 Gutierrez v. Holder, 730 F.3d 900 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1054 Guevara-Umana; U.S. v., 531 F.3d 139 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 462 Gutierrez v. Ilchert, 682 F.Supp. 467 (N.D. Cal. 1988) :: 257, Gui v. INS, 280 F.3d 1217 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 883, 976, 1031, 1839 259–60 Guidry; U.S. v., 406 F.3d 314 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 441 Gutierrez v. Ilchert, 702 F.Supp. 787 (N.D. Cal. 1988) :: 259 Guijon-Ortiz; U.S. v., 660 F.3d 757 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 492 Gutierrez v. INS, 323 F.2d 593 (9th Cir. 1963) :: 382 Guilbert Tex, Inc., 2012-PER-292 (Oct. 14, 2015) :: 1613 Gutierrez v. Lynch, 830 F.3d 179 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 570, 1500, Guilford College v. McAleenan, 389 F.Supp.3d 377 (M.D.N.C. 1794, 2287 2019) :: 156, 1129, 1146, 1154, 1921, 1924 Gutierrez v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 800 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 826 Guilford College v. Wolf, No. 1:18CV891, 2020 WL 586672 Gutierrez v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1766 (M.D.N.C. Feb. 6, 2020) :: 156, 1083, 1129, 1146, 1154, Gutierrez v. Sessions, 887 F.3d 770 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 366, 692, 1922, 1925, 1954, 2017 1724, 1750, 1762 Guillaume v. Gonzales, 504 F.3d 68 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 850 Gutierrez; U.S. v., 876 F.3d 1254 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 322 Guillen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 910 F.3d 1174 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 291 Gutierrez-Alba; U.S. v., 128 F.3d 1324 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 403 Guillen-Garcia v. INS, 60 F.3d 340 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 1846 Gutierrez-Almazan v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 341 (7th Cir. 2007) :: Guillen-Garcia v. INS, 999 F.2d 199 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 1760 1823, 1843 Guillen-Hernandez v. Holder, 592 F.3d 883 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 834 Gutierrez-Berdin v. Holder, 618 F.3d 647 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 485, Guinto v. INS, 774 F.2d 991 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1338 497, 672, 676, 728 Guiot, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 393 (DD 1973) :: 1502 Gutierrez-Brizuela v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 1142 (10th Cir. 2016) :: Guirola-Beeche v. DOJ, 662 F.Supp. 1414 (S.D. Fla. 1987) :: 1481, 1817, 2077, 2118, 2123 532, 2047 Gutierrez-Casada; U.S. v., 553 F.Supp.2d 1259 (D. Kan. 2008) :: Guitierrez-Rostran v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 497 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1040, 499 1842 Gutierrez-Castillo v. Holder, 568 F.3d 256 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 228, Gul v. Obama, 652 F.3d 12 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 553 1728, 1792 Guled v. Mukasey, 515 F.3d 872 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 933, 1726 Gutierrez-Centeno v. INS, 99 F.3d 1529 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1772 Gulf Coast Cardiology Grp., PLLC, 2012-PER-487 (Oct. 23, Gutierrez-Chavez v. INS, 298 F.3d 824 (9th Cir. 2002), amended 2014) :: 1697, 1707 on denial of reh'g, 337 F.3d 1023 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 696, Gulf Oil Co. v. Bernard, 452 U.S. 89 (1981) :: 2115 1936 Gulla v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 926, 959, 988 Gutierrez-De La Rosa; U.S. v., 426 F.Supp.3d 722 (E.D. Wash. Gulliver Preparatory Sch., 1987-INA-549 (1988) :: 1672 2019) :: 460 Gumaneh v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 785 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 938 Gutierrez-Morales v. Homan, 461 F.3d 605 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 637, 2037 Gunaydin, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 326 (BIA 1982), aff'd, Gunaydin v. INS, 742 F.2d 776 (3d Cir. 1984) :: 278, 1503 Gutierrez-Olivares v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 946 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 791 Gunera; U.S. v., 479 F.3d 373 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 408 Gutierrez-Orozco v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 1243 (10th Cir. 2015) :: Guo v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1194 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 957–58, 990, 1760 1011 Gutierrez-Roque v. INS, 954 F.2d 769 (D.C. Cir. 1992) :: 1848, Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 970, 991, 994, 1885 1024, 1026, 1861 Gutierrez-Soto v. Sessions, 317 F.Supp.3d 917 (W.D. Tex. 2018) Guo v. DOJ, 422 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 880 :: 254, 260, 529–30, 763 Guo v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 109 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 889, 933, 999, Gutierrez-Vidal v. Holder, 709 F.3d 728 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 802 1004, 1026, 1874 Gutnik v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 683 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1062, 1805, Guo v. Lee, 682 F.App'x 936 (Fed. Cir. 2017) :: 55, 1073 1812, 2078 Guo v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 1208 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1011 Guyadin v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 465 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1814, 1975 TABLE OF CASES 2515

Guy Santiglia v. Sun Microsystems, Inc. ARB No. 03-076 (July Hadayat v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 659 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1486, 1982, 29, 2005) :: 1213 1998, 2008 Guzman, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 722 (BIA 1999) :: 711, 1809 Haddad, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 785 (RC 1964) :: 1127 Guzman v. DHS, 679 F.3d 425 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 38, 2281 Haddad v. Ashcroft, 221 F.Supp.2d 799 (E.D. Mich. 2002) :: 630 Guzman v. Holder, 568 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1837, 1897 Haddad v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 515 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 1873, 1877 Guzman v. INS, 318 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1832, 1865 Haden, Inc., 1988-INA-245 (Aug. 30, 1988) :: 1667 Guzman v. INS, 327 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 790, 888 Hadera v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 748 Guzman v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 770 F.3d 1077 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 1748 Hadjimehdigholi v. INS, 49 F.3d 642 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 696 Guzman v. Yakima Fruit & Cold Storage, 9 OCAHO no. 1066 Hadwan v. DOS, 340 F.Supp.3d 351 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 2050 (Apr. 12, 2001) :: 2265 Hadwani v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 798 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 1975 Guzman-Andrade v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Hafer v. Melo, 502 U.S. 21 (1991) :: 2129 1820 Haftlang v. INS, 790 F.2d 140 (D.C. Cir. 1986) :: 1889 Guzman-Bera; U.S. v., 216 F.3d 1019 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 398 Haghi v. Russell, 744 F.Supp. 249 (D. Colo. 1990) :: 2051 Guzman Chavez v. Hott, 940 F.3d 867 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 744, 762 Hagi-Salad v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 1044 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 849 Guzman-Gomez, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 824 (BIA 2009) :: 1375, Hagyard Davidson McGee Associates PLLC, 2020-TLC-22 (Jan 1846, 2283, 2288 8, 2020) :: 1229 Guzman-Ibarez; U.S. v., 792 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 420 Haichun Liu v. Holder, 692 F.3d 848 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 805, 1014, Guzman Martinez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 845 (BIA 2012) :: 76 2036 Guzman-Mata; U.S. v., 579 F.3d 1065 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 337, 361, Haider v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 902 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 577, 717 449 Haider v. Holder, 595 F.3d 276 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 787, 799, 804, Guzman-Munoz v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 733 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 807, 883 2013) :: 1768, 1904, 1964, 1972 Haile v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 493 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 793, 855, 1887 Guzman-Ocampo; U.S. v., 236 F.3d 233 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 402 Haile v. Holder, 591 F.3d 572 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 785 Guzman Orellana v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 956 F.3d 171 (3d Cir. 2020) Haile v. Holder, 658 F.3d 1122 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 195–96, 891–93 :: 815, 818, 823, 888, 1827 Hailemichael v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 878 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1032– Guzman-Padilla; U.S. v., 573 F.3d 865 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 494, 502 33, 1055, 1886 Guzman-Polanco, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 713 (BIA 2016) :: 317, Haim, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 641 (BIA 1988) :: 274, 712 319, 325, 353 Hair U Wear, LLC; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1268 (Feb. 18, 2016) Guzman-Polanco, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 806 (BIA 2016) :: 318 :: 2189, 2227 Guzman-Rivadeneira v. Lynch, 822 F.3d 978 (7th Cir. 2016) :: Haitian Ctrs. Council v. Sale, 817 F.Supp. 336 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 644, 651, 2007 93 Guzman-Vasquez v. Barr, 959 F.3d 253 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 829, Haitian Ctrs. Council v. Sale, 823 F.Supp. 1028 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 950, 1040 45, 260, 939, 1925 Guzman-Velasquez; U.S. v., 919 F.3d 841 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 411 Haitian Refugee Ctr. v. Civiletti, 503 F.Supp. 442 (S.D. Fla. Guzzo v. Cristofano, 719 F.3d 100 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 188 1980), modified sub nom. Haitian Refugee Ctr. v. Smith, Gwaduri v. INS, 362 F.3d 1144 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2170 676 F.2d 1023 (5th Cir. Unit B 1982) :: 699, 778, 922, 925, Gyamfi v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 168 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1864, 1869 927, 941, 1051, 1916, 1991, 2002–3, 2011, 2034 G-y-B, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 159 (BIA 1954) :: 1862 Haitian Refugee Ctr. v. Meese, 791 F.2d 1489 (11th Cir. 1986) :: G-Y-R-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 181 (BIA 2001) :: 171, 581, 713– 2170–71, 2175 14 Haitian Refugee Ctr. v. Nelson, 694 F.Supp. 864 (S.D. Fla. 1988), aff'd, 872 F.2d 1555 (11th Cir. 1989), aff'd sub nom. McNary v. HRC, Inc., 498 U.S. 479 (1991) :: 47, 695–96, H 1954 H-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 581 (BIA 1943) :: 142 Haitian Refugee Ctr., Inc. v. Baker, 949 F.2d 1109 (11th Cir. H-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 90 (BIA 1954) :: 395 1991) :: 215, 775, 869 H-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 358 (BIA 1954) :: 141 Haitian Refugee Ctr., Inc. v. Baker, 953 F.2d 1498 (11th Cir. H-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 470 (BIA 1954) :: 1410 1992) :: 42, 215, 778, 940, 1921, 2013, 2043 H-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 249 (BIA 1956) :: 1729 Haizem Liu v. Holder, 727 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1872 H-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 301 (BIA 1956) :: 137 Hajbeh v. Loiselle, 490 F.Supp.2d 689 (E.D. Va. 2007) :: 751 H-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 616 (BIA 1957) :: 136 Hajdari v. Holder, 663 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 1114 H., Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 640 (BIA 1962) :: 1408 Hajdu, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 497 (BIA 1978) :: 211 H-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 611 (BIA 1992) :: 250, 252, 935, 1114 Hajiani v. All Properties, LLC, Airport Shell, 10 OCAHO no. 1188 H-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 337 (BIA 1996) :: 685, 795, 820, 832, (July 16, 2013) :: 2266 837, 840, 844 Hajiani v. ESHA USA, Inc. & Sameer Ramjee, 10 OCAHO no. H3 Techs, LLC, 2013-PER-630 (June 29, 2017) :: 1630 1212 (Mar. 25, 2014) :: 2264 H-A-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 728 (BIA 1999) :: 592, 1403, 1470, Hajro v. Barrett, 849 F.Supp.2d 945 (N.D. Cal. 2012) :: 2296 1786, 1867 Hajro v. USCIS, 832 F.Supp.2d 1095 (N.D. Cal. 2012), rev'd on Habakuk Ndzerre v. Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth., 13 other grounds, 811 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 601, 604, OCAHO no. 1306 (Oct. 12, 2017) :: 2257–58, 2263–64 609, 2023, 2124 Habchy v. Filip, 552 F.3d 911 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1875, 2057 Hakeem v. INS, 273 F.3d 812 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1014, 1986 Habchy v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 858 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 643, 709, Hakim v. Holder, 611 F.3d 73 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1738, 1740, 1830, 1878, 1883 1911 Habeeb v. Castloo, 434 F.Supp.2d 899 (D. Mont. 2006) :: 508, Hakim v. Holder, 628 F.3d 151 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 315, 874, 885 2140 Hakopian v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 843 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 651, 862 Habib v. Lynch, 787 F.3d 826 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 633, 639 Halabi, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA 1974) :: 157, 278–79, Habibi v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 368 1123 Habtegaber v. Jenifer, 256 F.Supp.2d 692 (E.D. Mich. 2003) :: Halabi v. Ashcroft, 316 F.3d 807 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 1778 752–53 Halaim v. INS, 358 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 896 Habtemicael v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 774 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 793, 880, Halim v. Holder, 590 F.3d 971 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 848 884 Halim v. Holder, 755 F.3d 506 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 847, 1013, 1046 Habteyes; U.S. v., 356 F.Supp.3d 555 (E.D. Va. 2018) :: 2337 Hall, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 203 (BIA 1982) :: 1123, 1466 Habyarimana v. Kagame, 696 F.3d 1029 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 2160 Hall v. INS, 167 F.3d 852 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 295 Hachem v. Holder, 656 F.3d 430 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1738, 1740, Hall v. McLaughlin, 864 F.2d 868 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 1685 2092 Hall v. SBA, 695 F.2d 175 (5th Cir. 1983) :: 726 Hackett Grp., 2012-PER-88 (Apr. 11, 2014) :: 1673 Hall v. U.S., 773 F.2d 703 (6th Cir. 1985) :: 2179 Hallman v. INS, 879 F.2d 1244 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 2173 Halo v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1843 2516 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Halper; U.S. v., 490 U.S. 435 (1989) :: 480 Hansl; U.S. v., 439 F.3d 850 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 780 Halpern v. FBI, 181 F.3d 279 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 607 Haoua v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 227 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 947, 1021, Hamad v. Gates, 732 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 42, 553 1040 Hamada v. Gillen, 616 F.Supp.2d 177 (D. Mass. 2009) :: 529 Haoud v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 201 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 1814, 2043, Hamama v. Adducci, 912 F.3d 869 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 764, 1895, 2066 1932–33, 1955, 1980–81 Harbin v. Sessions, 860 F.3d 58 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 290, 307, 349, Hamama v. Adducci, 946 F.3d 875 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 1955 1836 Hamama v. INS, 78 F.3d 233 (6th Cir. 1996) :: 478, 2074, 2122– Harchenko v. INS, 379 F.3d 405 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1740, 1869, 23 1877, 2042 Haman v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 834 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1905, 1932, Harder; U.S. v., 180 F.Supp.3d 355 (E.D. Pa. 2016) :: 479, 489 1959 Har Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a One Stop Food Mart, 2012-PER-602 Hamandi v. Chertoff, 550 F.Supp.2d 46 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 1928 (Nov. 18, 2013) :: 1665, 1670, 1695 Hamaya v. McElroy, 797 F.Supp. 186 (E.D.N.Y. 1992) :: 46, 76, Harisiades v. Shaughnessy, 342 U.S. 580 (1952) :: 39, 272, 478 254, 1365 Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982) :: 2161 Hamazaspyan v. Holder, 590 F.3d 744 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 716 Harmon v. Holder, 758 F.3d 728 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 794, 937, 2033 Hamdan v. Chertoff, 626 F.Supp.2d 1119 (D.N.M. 2007) :: 2031, Harmony Public Sch., 2015-PER-330 (Feb. 27, 2020) :: 1694 2333 Haroon; U.S. v., 874 F.3d 479 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 2327 Hamdan v. DOJ, 797 F.3d 759 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 605, 610 Haroun v. DHS, 929 F.3d 1007 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 2332 Hamdan v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 1051 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 478, 569, Harper v. Virginia Dep't of Taxation, 509 U.S. 86 (1993) :: 2120 1723, 1726, 1814, 1972 Harrell; U.S. v., 894 F.2d 120 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 491 Hamdan v. INS, 98 F.3d 183 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 127, 131, 133, 136, Harriott v. Ashcroft, 277 F.Supp.2d 538 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 570, 288, 2041 1793, 2172, 2177, 2289 Hamdan v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 986 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 792, 804, Harris v. DHS, 18 F.Supp.3d 1349 (S.D. Fla. 2014) :: 2334 806, 846 Harris v. Hawaii Dep't of Educ., 6 OCAHO no. 922 (1997) :: 2261 Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006) :: 551 Harris v. Nelson, 394 U.S. 286 (1969) :: 1931, 1945 Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. 507 (2004) :: 551 Harris v. Sullivan, 968 F.2d 263 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 2176 Hamdi ex rel. Hamdi v. Napolitano, 620 F.3d 615 (6th Cir. 2010) :: Harris; U.S. v., 557 F.3d 938 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 665 482, 1901, 1913, 1915, 1920, 1978 Harris; U.S. v., 941 F.3d 1048 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 321 Hamed; U.S. v., 358 F.Supp.3d 865 (W.D. Mo. 2018) :: 2299 Harris Corp., 1988-INA-293 (1989) :: 1699 Hamen v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 401 F.Supp.3d 85 (D.D.C. Harrison v. Republic of Sudan, 882 F.Supp.2d 2012 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2158 2012) :: 2158 Hamid v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 465 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 643 Harter v. U.S., 344 F.Supp.3d 1269 (D. Kan. 2018) :: 2132 Hamid v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 642 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 475, 666–67, Hartman v. Elwood, 255 F.Supp.2d 510 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 1756 1904, 1959 Hartman v. Moore, 547 U.S. 250 (2006) :: 2137, 2162 Hamida v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 734 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1000 Hartmann; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1255 (July 8, 2015) :: 2221, Hamide; U.S. v., 914 F.2d 1147 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 487 2231 Hamidou Sall v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Nov. 29, 2012) :: 2266 Hartmann Studios, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1255 (July 8, Hamilton v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 564 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 1456, 2015) :: 2212 1899, 1901, 1920, 1964 Hartooni v. INS, 21 F.3d 336 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 976, 1009, 1839 Hamilton v. Holder, 584 F.3d 1284 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 335, 363, Haruno Japanese Sushi Bar & Grill, 2013-PER-2541 (Dec. 18, 683 2017) :: 1650 Hamilton v. Holder, 680 F.3d 1024 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 1768, 1963 Harutyunyan v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 64 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 696, 796, Hamilton v. The Recorder, 7 OCAHO No. 978, 925, 935 (1997) :: 803, 1044 2275 Harvest Office Servs., Inc. t/a The Catalyst Grp., 2005-INA-111 Hammad v. Holder, 603 F.3d 536 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 677, 1395, (Dec. 7, 2006) :: 1667 1400 Harvey; U.S. v., 746 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 400 Hammamy v. Obama, 604 F.Supp.2d 240 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 553 Hasalla v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 799 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1814 Hammer v. INS, 195 F.3d 836 (6th Cir. 1999) :: 282, 725 Hasan v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 2004) overruled on Hamoui v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 821 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 932 other grounds by Maldonado v. Lynch, 786 F.3d 1155 (9th Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong, 426 U.S. 88 (1976) :: 41–42 Cir. 2015) (en banc) :: 805, 1030 Hana v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 472 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 274, 1502 Hasan v. Ashcroft, 397 F.3d 417 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 1996 Hana v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1905, 1986 Hasan v. Holder, 673 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1043, 1772, 1778 Hanaj v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 694 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 959, 995 Hasan; U.S. v., 586 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 438, 457 Hanan v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 760 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1050, 1959 Hasanaj v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 780 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 590, 791 Hanan v. U.S., 402 F.Supp.2d 679 (E.D. Va. 2005) :: 395 Hashi v. Chertoff, 535 F.Supp.2d 1125 (S.D. Cal. 2008) :: 752 Han Cao v. Upchurch, 496 F.Supp.2d 569 (E.D. Pa. 2007) :: Hashish v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 572 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 126, 139, 1929, 1950 1735 Handa v. Clark, 401 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1113, 1939, Hashmi, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 785 (BIA 2009) :: 272, 564–65, 2038 580, 586, 588, 591, 594, 697, 1452, 1857, 2052, 2054 Handa v. Crawford, 401 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 73 Hashmi v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 700 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 2199 Handley, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 269 (BIA 1978) :: 1382 Hashmi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 531 F.3d 256 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 586, Hang Chen v. Holder, 675 F.3d 100 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 666, 677, 588, 591 964 Hassam F. v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 707 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 1040 Hanggi v. Holder, 563 F.3d 378 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1981 Hassan v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 661 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1047 Haniatakis, In re; 376 F.2d 728 (3d Cir. 1967) :: 1729 Hassan v. Chertoff, 593 F.3d 785 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1493, 1963, Hanif v. DHS, 472 F.Supp.2d 914 (E.D. Mich. 2007) :: 1419, 1974 1454, 1926, 1963, 2006 Hassan v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 429 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 671, 728, Hanif v. Gantner, 369 F.Supp.2d 502 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1953, 1001 2018 Hassan v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 513 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1020, 2035 Hanif v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 694 F.3d 479 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 74, 227 Hassan v. Holder, 571 F.3d 631 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 868, 978, 981 Han Kim v. Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 774 F.3d Hassan v. Holder, 604 F.3d 915 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 184, 283, 474, 1044 (D.C. Cir. 2014) :: 2158 662, 689, 728, 960, 968 Hankins, Charles, 2012-PER-912 (Nov. 6, 2015) :: 1617, 1643 Hassan v. Holder, 793 F.Supp.2d 440 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 1953, Hann, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 196 (BIA 1982) :: 1408 1956, 2334 Hanna v. Holder, 740 F.3d 379 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 120, 135, 634, Hassan v. INS, 66 F.3d 266 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 391 650, 854–55, 2053 Hassan v. INS, 927 F.2d 465 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 225 Hanna; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 200 (1990) :: 2227 TABLE OF CASES 2517

Hassan v. Johnson, 93 F.Supp.3d 457 (E.D. Va. 2015) :: 1729, Hem v. Maurer, 458 F.3d 1185 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 2081, 2117, 2298 2120 Hassanein v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 324 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1003 Hemblen, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 739 (BIA 1974) :: 487 Hassen v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 927 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1410, 1415, Henderson v. INS, 157 F.3d 106 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 1935, 1941 2063 Henderson v. Mayor of New York, 92 U.S. 259 (1875) :: 3 Hassine v. Johnson, 53 F.Supp.3d 1297 (E.D. Cal. 2014) :: 2168, Henderson v. Shinseki, 562 U.S. 428 (2011) :: 1880 2172, 2177 Henderson; U.S. v., 841 F.3d 623 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 291 Hassoun v. Searls, 427 F.Supp.3d 357 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 399, Henderson ex rel. Henderson v. Shinseki, 562 U.S. 428 (2011) :: 460, 759 2114 Haswanee v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 471 F.3d 1212 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Henderson, No. CR-19-376 JSW (Aug. 15; U.S. v., 2019) :: 1589 591, 594, 1486 Hendrix v. INS, 583 F.2d 1102 (9th Cir. 1978) :: 181, 736 Hatami v. Chertoff, 467 F.Supp.2d 637 (E.D. Va. 2006) :: 530–31 Heng v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 46 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 980, 992 Hatami v. Ridge, 270 F.Supp.2d 763 (E.D. Va. 2003) :: 1983 Hengan v. INS, 79 F.3d 60 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 850, 963 Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman, 455 U.S. 363 (1982) :: 2021 Heng Meng Lin v. Ashcroft, 247 F.Supp.2d 679 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: Hawai'i Pacific Univ., 2009-PER-127 (Mar. 2, 2010) (en banc) :: 67, 259 1641 Hennessey's Tavern, 1988-INA-531 (1989) :: 1656 Hawaii Saeronam Presbyterian Church v. Zigler, 243 F.App'x 224 Henriguez v. Sessions, 890 F.3d 70 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 368 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1545 Henriquez v. Ashcroft, 269 F.Supp.2d 106 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 537, Hawthorn Suites Golf Resorts, LLC, 2009-PER-200 (Jan. 12, 1999, 2289 2011) :: 1707 Henriquez v. Sessions, 890 F.3d 70 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 308–9, 340, Haxhiu v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 685 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1030, 2037 352, 359 Hayden v. New York Police Department, 13 OCAHO no. 1313 Henriquez-Rivas v. Holder, 707 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2013) (en (Nov. 8, 2018) :: 2264, 2266 banc) :: 810, 817, 819, 823 Hayes; U.S. v., 555 U.S. 415 (2009) :: 297, 361 Henriquez Rivera, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 575 (BIA 2011) :: 599, Haynes v. DHS, 2005 WL 1606321 (M.D. Pa. July 8, 2005) :: 548 627, 903, 1721 Hayrapetyan v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 1330 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 1030, Henry v. INS, 8 F.3d 426 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 1867 1042 Henry v. INS, 74 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1996) :: 684, 1760, 2053 Hayward Unified Sch. Dist., 2010-PER-109 (Feb. 10, 2011) :: Henry v. Quarantillo, 684 F.Supp.2d 298 (E.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 2335, 1624 2337 Hazama v. Tillerson, 851 F.3d 706 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 2013 Henry; U.S. v., 111 F.3d 111 (11th Cir. 1997) :: 402 Hazzard v. INS, 951 F.2d 435 (1st Cir. 1991) :: 1759, 1834, 1838 Henry; U.S. v., 604 F.2d 908 (5th Cir. 1979) :: 45 HB Interiors, Inc., 2009-PER-486 and 2010-PER-33 (Mar. 31, Hensel v. OCAHO, 38 F.3d 505 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 2273 2010) :: 1622 Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424 (1983) :: 2176, 2178–79 HCA/Portsmouth Reg'l Hospital, 2011-PER-2612 (Sept. 20, 2012) Hensley v. Municipal Court, 411 U.S. 345 (1973) :: 1937 :: 1633 Herbert v. Ashcroft, 325 F.3d 68 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 588, 720 H.C. LaMarche Enterprises Inc., 1987-INA-607 (Oct. 27, 1988) :: Herbert L.R. v. Tritten, 421 F.Supp.3d 688 (D. Minn. 2019) :: 1638 1975 He v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 593 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1042, 1840–41, Herder Plumbing, Inc., 2019-TLN-22 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1245 2064, 2096, 2098 Heredia v. Sessions, 865 F.3d 60 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 76, 1747 He v. Chertoff, 528 F.Supp.2d 879 (N.D. Ill. 2008) :: 1948 Heredia v. Shanahan, 245 F.Supp.3d 521 (S.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 754 He v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1878 Herguan Univ. v. ICE, 258 F.Supp.3d 1050 (N.D. Cal. 2017) :: He v. Holder, 781 F.3d 880 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 659, 2058 1145 Headley-Ombler v. Holder, 985 F.Supp.2d 379 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) :: Heritage Bindery, 1989-INA-351 (BALCA 1990) :: 1204 2330, 2337 Hermanowski v. Farquharson, 39 F.Supp.2d 148 (D.R.I. 1999) :: Head Money Cases (Edye v. Robertson), 112 U.S. 580 (1884) :: 1931, 2005 37 Hermina-Sague v. U.S., 416 F.Supp. 217 (D.P.R. 1976) :: 2012 Healey v. Leavitt, 485 F.3d 63 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2169 Hermoso-Garcia; U.S. v., 413 F.3d 1085 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 321, HealthAmerica, 2006-PER-1 (BALCA July 18, 2006) (en banc) :: 404 1614, 1632–33, 1713, 2079 Hernandez, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 7 (BIA 1979) :: 1376 Health Carousel, LLC v. BCIS, 2013 WL 12123864 (S.D. Ohio Hernandez, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 224 (BIA 1996) :: 698–99 May 20, 2013) :: 1919 Hernandez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 397 (BIA 2014) :: 128, 139 Healy & Goodchild, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 22 (BIA 1979) :: 149, Hernandez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 464 (BIA 2014) :: 133 176, 179, 1115 Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 345 F.3d 824 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 693, 1404, Heartland Alliance v. DHS, 291 F.Supp.3d 69 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1410, 1446, 1465, 1768, 1780, 1784, 1974, 1977, 2062, 616 2078, 2111 Heartland Alliance for Human Needs v. ICE, 406 F.Supp.3d 90 Hernandez v. Cardoso, 844 F.3d 692 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 188 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 604, 609 Hernandez v. Casillas, 520 F.Supp. 389 (S.D. Tex. 1981) :: 251 Heaven v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 167 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 1748, 1783, Hernandez v. Chandler, No. CA 3-88-0224-R (N.D. Tex. June 23, 2122 1989) :: 1366 Hechavarria v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 49 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 547, 762 Hernandez v. Cremer, 913 F.2d 230 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 47, 2024, Hechavarria v. Whitaker, 358 F.Supp.3d 227 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2330 530, 2003 Hernandez v. Garcia Pena, 820 F.3d 782 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 188 He Chun Chen v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 215 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 968, Hernandez v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 42 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 531, 761, 985, 1000, 1845 1900, 1934, 1961 Heckler v. Chaney, 470 U.S. 821 (1985) :: 2041, 2044 Hernandez v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 341 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 478, Heckler v. Ringer, 466 U.S. 602 (1984) :: 1957 1726, 1748, 1770, 1781, 1783, 2122 Hector; INS v., 479 U.S. 85 (1986) :: 1771, 1782 Hernandez v. Holder, 258 F.3d 806 (8th Cir. 2001) and 579 F.3d Heitland, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 563 (BIA 1974) :: 1303 864 (8th Cir. 2009), vacated in part on other grounds, 606 Hekmati v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 278 F.Supp.3d 145 (D.D.C. F.3d 900 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 475, 589, 596, 698, 845, 1728, 2017) :: 2158 1965, 2042 Heldt v. Tata Consultancy Servs., Ltd., 132 F.Supp.3d 1185 (N.D. Hernandez v. Holder, 736 F.3d 234 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 1761, 1779 Cal. 2015) :: 1176, 2131, 2251 Hernandez v. Holder, 738 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1856, 2114 Heller v. Doe, 509 U.S. 312 (1993) :: 39 Hernandez v. Holder, 760 F.3d 855 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 327, 367, Hellmuth Obata + Kassabaum, Inc., 2011-PER-240 (Dec. 14, 398, 867 2011) :: 1630 Hernandez v. Holder, 783 F.3d 189 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 121, 285, Help Found. of Omaha, Inc. & Anil K. Agarwal; Administrator, 1762–63, 2074 WHD v., ARB No. 07-08 (Dec. 31, 2008) :: 1201, 1215 Hernandez v. ICE, 165 F.Supp.3d 715 (N.D. Ill. 2016) :: 1940 2518 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Hernandez v. Lynch, 825 F.3d 266 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 715, 2053 Hernandez-Guadarrama v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 674 (9th Cir. 2005) Hernandez v. Mesa, 140 S.Ct. 735 (2020)) :: 42, 2136, 2138–39 :: 280, 661, 670, 675, 689, 2076 Hernandez v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 1014 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 632, Hernandez-Guardado; U.S. v., 228 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 635, 641 426 Hernandez v. M/V Rajaan, 848 F.2d 498 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 2252 Hernandez-Guerrero; U.S. v., 147 F.3d 1075 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 38, Hernandez v. Reno, 91 F.3d 776 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 2071 403 Hernandez v. Reno, 238 F.3d 50 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 636 Hernandez-Guerrero; U.S. v., 633 F.3d 933 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 455 Hernandez v. Reno, 258 F.3d 806 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 780 Hernandez-Guerrero; U.S. v., 963 F.Supp. 933 (S.D. Cal. 1997) :: Hernandez v. Sessions, 872 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 470, 516, 37 518, 529, 1943, 2002–3 Hernandez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 291 F.Supp.2d 490 (W.D. Tex. Hernandez v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 107 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 200, 473, 2003) :: 407 2072 Hernandez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 327 F.3d 703 (8th Cir. 2003) :: Hernandez v. Skinner, 383 F.Supp.3d 1077 (D. Mont. 2019) :: 409 2129, 2163 Hernandez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 519 F.3d 1236 (10th Cir. 2008) :: Hernandez v. State, 124 So.3d 757 (Fla. 2012) :: 386 406 Hernandez v. Texas, 347 U.S. 475 (1954) :: 41 Hernandez-Herrera; U.S. v., 279 F.3d 1213 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 403 Hernandez; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1043 (2000) :: 2225, 2228 Hernandez Lara v. Barr, 962 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 586 Hernandez; U.S. v., 189 F.3d 785 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 406 Hernandez-Lara; U.S. v., 817 F.3d 651 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 353, Hernandez; U.S. v., 347 F.Supp.2d 375 (S.D. Tex. 2004) :: 444 455, 2124 Hernandez; U.S. v., 477 F.3d 210 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 495 Hernandez-Lima v. Lynch, 836 F.3d 109 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1043 Hernandez; U.S. v., 913 F.2d 568 (8th Cir. 1990) :: 426 Hernandez-Lopez; U.S. v., 761 F.Supp.2d 1172 (D.N.M. 2010) :: Hernandez; U.S. v., 913 F.2d 1506 (10th Cir. 1990) :: 442, 1441, 493 1476 Hernandez-Luis v. INS, 869 F.2d 496 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 76, 699 Hernandez v. U.S., 939 F.3d 191 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 535, 2129, Hernandez-Mancilla v. Holder, 633 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 2132 1761, 1765 Hernandez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 513 F.3d 1336 (11th Cir. 2008) :: Hernandez-Mancilla v. INS, 246 F.3d 1002 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 329, 321, 1844 331 Hernandez v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 430 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 134 Hernandez-Mandujano; U.S. v., 721 F.3d 345 (5th Cir. 2013) :: Hernandez-Aguilar v. Holder, 594 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 490, 492 293, 389 Hernandez-Martinez v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Hernandez-Aguilar; U.S. v., 359 F.Supp.3d 331 (E.D.N.C. 2019) 127, 133, 135 :: 412 Hernandez-Martinez v. Ashcroft, 343 F.3d 1075 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Hernandez-Almanza v. INS, 547 F.2d 100 (9th Cir. 1976) :: 1795 363, 680, 683 Hernandez-Alvarez v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 763 (7th Cir. 2005) :: Hernandez-Mendoza v. Gonzales, 537 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 302, 341 631, 638, 642, 644, 2005 Hernandez-Arenado; U.S. v., 571 F.3d 662 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 762 Hernandez-Meza; U.S. v., 720 F.3d 760 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 404, Hernandez-Arias; U.S. v., 757 F.3d 874 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 418 407 Hernandez-Avalos v. INS, 50 F.3d 842 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 739, Hernandez-Mezquita v. Ashcroft, 293 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1953 1774 Hernandez-Avalos v. Lynch, 784 F.3d 944 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 787, Hernandez-Montealegre; U.S. v., 445 F.Supp.2d 646 (E.D. Va. 800, 822, 828, 1005 2006) :: 460 Hernandez-Avalos; U.S. v., 251 F.3d 505 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 456 Hernandez-Montiel v. INS, 225 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 817, Hernandez-Baena v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 820, 1020, 1960 791 Hernandez-Moran v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 496 (8th Cir. 2005) :: Hernandez-Barrera v. Ashcroft, 373 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 835, 1883 1960 Hernandez Nodarse v. U.S., 166 F.Supp.2d 538 (S.D. Tex. 2001) Hernandez-Carrera v. Carlson, 547 F.3d 1237 (10th Cir. 2008) :: :: 259 752–53, 759, 2076–77, 2115 Hernandez-Nolasco v. Lynch, 807 F.3d 95 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 874 Hernandez-Castillo v. Sessions, 875 F.3d 199 (5th Cir. 2017) :: Hernandez-Ochoa; U.S. v., 346 F.Supp.2d 380 (D.R.I. 2004) :: 698, 713, 1869, 1887 412 Hernandez-Chacon v. Barr, 948 F.3d 94 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 805, Hernandez-Olea; U.S. v., 407 F.Supp.3d 1351 (M.D. Ga. 2019) :: 809, 825 540 Hernandez-Cordero v. INS, 819 F.2d 558 (5th Cir. 1987) (en Hernandez-Orellana; U.S. v., 539 F.3d 994 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 425 banc) :: 1782, 2056 Hernandez-Ortez v. Godinez, 1988 WL 129997 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 30, Hernandez-Cruz v. Holder, 651 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 140, 1988) :: 731, 2164 341 Hernandez-Ortez v. Holder, 741 F.3d 644 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 642 Hernandez-Cruz v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 764 F.3d 281 (3d Cir. 2014) :: Hernandez-Ortiz v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 126, 135 790, 936, 1006 Hernandez de Anderson v. Gonzales, 497 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. Hernandez-Perdomo; U.S. v., 948 F.3d 807 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 411 2007) :: 1770, 1781, 2117, 2120, 2303 Hernandez-Perez v. Holder, 569 F.3d 345 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 129, Hernandez-De La Cruz v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 784 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 133 809, 816, 825, 1994 Hernandez-Perez v. Whitaker, 911 F.3d 305 (6th Cir. 2018) :: Hernandez-Fierros; U.S. v., 453 F.3d 309 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 388 555, 577, 1780, 1861, 1886, 1888–89, 1973 Hernandez-Franco; U.S. v., 189 F.3d 1151 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 426, Hernandez-Pineda; U.S. v., 849 F.3d 769 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 448, 430 460 Hernandez-Garcia v. Barr, 930F.3d 915 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 2115 Hernandez-Ponce, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 613 (BIA 1988) :: 145, Hernandez-Garcia; U.S. v., 284 F.3d 1138 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 427 289 Hernandez-Garza v. INS, 882 F.2d 945 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 280, Hernandez-Puente, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 335 (BIA 1991) :: 572, 661, 675, 696 1475, 1794, 1847, 1850 Hernandez-Gil v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 803 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 631, Hernandez-Quintania; U.S. v., 874 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 645 402 Hernandez-Gonzalez v. Holder, 778 F.3d 793 (9th Cir. 2015) :: Hernandez-Reyes; U.S. v., 114 F.3d 800 (8th Cir. 1999) :: 459 136, 139, 2080, 2082 Hernandez-Robledo v. INS, 777 F.2d 536 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 1723 Hernandez-Gonzalez v. Moyer, 907 F.Supp. 1224 (N.D. Ill. 1995) Hernandez-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 170 F.Supp.2d 700 (N.D. Tex. :: 876 2001) :: 422 Hernandez-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 495 F.3d 55 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 454 Hernandez Rosales v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 625 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 574, 2280 TABLE OF CASES 2519

Hernandez-Velasquez v. Holder, 911 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2010) :: Hinojosa, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 34 (BIA 1979) :: 1750 1826, 2057 Hinojosa v. Horn, 896 F.3d 305 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 1917, 2319, Hernandez-Vermudez; U.S. v., 356 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2334 736 Hinojosa-Perez; U.S. v., 208 F.3d 832 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 412 Hernandez-Vivas v. INS, 23 F.3d 1557 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 585 Hira, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 824 (BIA 1966) :: 1120 Hernandez-Zavala v. Lynch, 806 F.3d 259 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 297, Hiranandaney, No. 1:14-cr-00409 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 29; U.S. v., 361 2015) :: 1145 Heron-Salinas; U.S. v., 566 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 321 Hirani; U.S. v., 824 F.3d 741 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 2323 Herrera, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 43 (BIA 2001) :: 1825 Hird/Blaker Corp. v. Sava, 764 F.Supp. 872 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) :: Herrera v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 811 F.3d 1298 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 285, 1183 367 Hirsch v. INS, 308 F.2d 562 (9th Cir. 1962) :: 142 Herrera v. USCIS, 571 F.3d 881 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1454, 1456, Hirsch; U.S. v., 308 F.2d 562 (9th Cir. 1962) :: 141, 143 1603 Hirshfeld, Estate of, v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 235 F.Supp.3d 45 Herrera-Castillo v. Holder, 573 F.3d 1004 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 161, (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2155 1481, 1964 Hirshfeld, Estate of, v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 330 F.Supp.3d Herrera del Orden, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 589 (BIA 2011) :: 661, 107 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2156 1400, 1587, 1722 Hiseh v. PMC-Sierra, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1096 (2003) :: 2274 Herrera-Garcia v. Barr, 918 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 891 Hispanic Affairs Project v. Acosta, 901 F.3d 378 (D.C. Cir. 2018) Herrera-Garcia, 918 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1045 :: 1239, 2019, 2050 Herrera-Inirio v. INS, 208 F.3d 299 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 374–75 Hispanic Affairs Project v. Perez, 206 F.Supp.3d 348 (D.D.C. Herrera-Molina v. Holder, 597 F.3d 128 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 742–43, 2016) :: 2017 1487, 1902, 1989, 2060, 2088 Hispanic Interest Coalition of Alabama v. Governor of Alabama, Herrera-Ochoa; U.S. v., 245 F.3d 495 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 406, 489 691 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 2021 Herrera-Ordones; U.S. v., 190 F.3d 504 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 405 Hispanic Interest Coal. of Ala. v. Governor of Alabama, 691 F.3d Herrera-Priego, Matter of (EOIR, Lamb, IJ, New York July 10, 1236 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 50 2003) :: 488, 2246 Hitachi Consulting Corp., 2013-PER-1432, -1433 (Feb. 26, 2019) Herrera-Ramirez v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 486 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 871, :: 1634 878 Hi Tech Pro Labs, 2014-PER-1243 (Feb. 27, 2019) :: 1652 Herrera-Reyes v. Att'y Gen. of the U.S., 952 F.3d 101 (3d Cir. Hizam v. Kerry, 747 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 2121, 2326, 2334 2020) :: 786, 799 H-J-L-C-, Matter of; ID# 13406 (AAO Nov. 12, 2015) (NSC) :: 98 Herrera-Sandoval; U.S. v., 398 F.Supp.3d 846 (D. Kan. 2019) :: H-L-H- & Z-Y-Z-, Matter of, see Hui Lin Huang v. Holder 412 H-M-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 683 (BIA 1993) :: 793, 795, 843, Herrera-Vasquez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 825 (BIA 2020) :: 711, 949, 1848 916 Hmaidan v. Ashcroft, 258 F.Supp.2d 832 (E.D. Ill. 2003) :: 760 Heso Electric, 2010-PER-670 (Apr. 21, 2011) :: 1709 H-N-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1039 (BIA 1999) :: 221, 1055, 1805 Heso Electrical, Inc., 2011-PER-2630 (Dec. 16, 2013) :: 1646 Ho, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 692 (BIA 1976) :: 588, 591, 594, 1468, H. Estrada, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 749 (BIA 2016) :: 287, 361, 1486 398, 684 Ho, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 582 (BIA 1988) :: 1454 Hetzer v. INS, 420 F.2d 357 (9th Cir. 1970) :: 1166 Ho, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 206 (AC 1998) :: 1300, 1565–66, Heuer v. Secretary of State, 20 F.3d 424 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 2334 1572, 1580 Heung K. Choe, 2008-PER-145 (Jan. 5, 2009) :: 1614, 1681 Ho v. Greene, 204 F.3d 1045 (10th Cir. 2000) :: 1979 Hewitt Associates LLC, 2016-PER-286 (Feb. 24, 2017) :: 1635 Hodel v. Aguirre, 260 F.Supp.2d 695 (N.D. Ill. 2003) :: 2008 Hewlett-Packard Co., 2011-PER-2763 (Oct. 12, 2012) :: 1624 Hodgers-Durgin v. De La Vina, 199 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 1999) (en H-G-G-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2019-01 (AAO July 31, banc) :: 2023 2019) :: 898 Hoefling v. City of Miami, 811 F.3d 1271 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 2129 H&H Saguaro Specialists; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1144 (Feb. 15, Hoffa v. U.S., 385 U.S. 293 (1966) :: 501 2012) :: 2224 Hoffman v. Bailey, 996 F.Supp.2d 477 (E.D. La. 2014) :: 44 H&H Saguaro Specialists; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1147 (Mar. 23, Hoffman Enclosures Inc., 2011-PER-1754 (Aug. 8, 2015) :: 1627 2012) :: 2230 Hoffmann v. U.S., 53 F.Supp.2d 483 (D.D.C. 1999) :: 2141 HIAS, Inc. v. Trump, 415 F.Supp.3d 669 (D. Md. 2020) :: 48, 910 Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB, 535 U.S. 137 (2002) Hibi; INS v., 414 U.S. 5 (1973) :: 570, 1792 :: 2244–45 Hidalgo-Mejia v. Pitts, 343 F.Supp.3d 667 (W.D. Tex. 2018) :: Hogan v. Kerry, 208 F.Supp.3d 1288 (S.D. Fla. 2016) :: 2334 248, 1896, 1934, 2102 Holasek v. DOJ, 123 F.Supp.2d 1126 (N.D. Ill. 2000) :: 1950–51, Higgins v. Holder, 677 F.3d 97 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 340 1956, 1976 Higgs v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 655 F.3d 333 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1824 Holden v. Bowen, 668 F.Supp. 1042 (N.D. Ohio 1986) :: 2178 Highway 19 Constr., LLC, 2019-TLN-61 (Apr. 1, 2019) :: 1244–45 Holder v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 825 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1819 Higuit v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 417 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 780, 1905, Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 561 U.S. 1 (2010) :: 197, 1975 203 Hih v. Lynch, 812 F.3d 551 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 1910, 2085 Holder v. Martinez Gutierrez, 566 U.S. 583 (2012) :: 855, 900, Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial Dist. Court of Nev., 542 U.S. 177 (2004) :: 904, 1745, 1750, 1774, 2067 670 Holder v. Sessions, 848 F.3d 500 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 1755 Hilaire; Commonwealth v., 777 N.E. 2d 804 (Mass. 2002) :: 383 Holder; U.S. v., 936 F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1991) :: 396 Hilao v. Estate of Marcos, 103 F.3d 767 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 2142, Holguin-Mendoza v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 508 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1830 2148 Holguin Soto v. Rodham-Clinton, 609 F.Supp.2d 207 (D.P.R. Hill, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 81 (BIA 1981), rev'd, Hill v. INS, 714 2009) :: 2335 F.2d 1470 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 98 Holladay v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 406 F.Supp.3d55, 61-64 Hill, Petition of; 775 F.2d 1037 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 2174 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2155 Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52 (1985) :: 384 Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631 (2010) :: 1880–81 Hillel Hebrew Acad., 1990-INA-572 (Mar. 4, 1992) :: 1626 Holland; U.S. v., 876 F.2d 1533 (11th Cir. 1989) :: 410, 422 Hillocks v. Atty. Gen. U.S., 934 F.3d 332 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 290, Hollingsworth v. Perry, 570 U.S. 693 (2013) :: 2021 310, 351 Hollis v. O'Driscoll, 739 F.3d 108 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 188 Himri v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 748, 836 Holocaust Victims of Bank Theft v. Magyar Nemzeti Bank, 807 Hinds v. Lynch, 790 F.3d 259 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 472, 479, 580 F.Supp.2d 689 (N.D. Ill. 2011) :: 2144 Hines, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 544 (BIA 2008) :: 1376–77, 2284 Holtsville 811 Inc. d/b/a 7-Eleven (Store #39167); U.S. v., 11 Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52 (1941) :: 49 OCAHO no. 1258 (Sept. 8, 2015) :: 2195, 2217, 2220, 2229 Hines, 1988-INA-510 (Apr. 9, 1990) :: 1702 Holy Land Found. v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 156 (D.C. Cir. 2003) :: Hing Sum v. Holder, 602 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 741, 1464 204 2520 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Holy Virgin Protection Cathedral v. Chertoff, 499 F.3d 658 (7th Hovsepian; U.S. v., 359 F.3d 1144 (9th Cir. 2004) (en banc) :: Cir. 2007) :: 1456, 1963 370, 1731, 1979, 2298, 2302, 2330, 2332 Holzapfel v. Wyrsch, 259 F.2d 890 (3d Cir. 1958) :: 287 Hovsepian; U.S. v., 422 F.3d 883 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc) :: Homayun v. Cravener, 39 F.Supp.2d 837 (S.D. Tex. 1999) :: 693, 2296, 2302 2112 Howard v. INS, 930 F.2d 432 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 725 Home 4U Realty, 2009-PER-76 (Dec. 17, 2009) :: 1627 Howe v. U.S. ex rel. Savitsky, 247 F. 292 (2d Cir. 1917) :: 104 Home Concrete & Supply, LLC; U.S. v., 466 U.S. 478 (2012) :: Howell v. INS, 72 F.3d 288 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 2006 2069 Hoxha v. Ashcroft, 319 F.3d 1179 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 848, 947, Homestead Metal Recycling Corp.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1251 1015 (May 19, 2015) :: 2183, 2229 Hoxha v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 919 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1003 Honcharov v. Barr, 924 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 813, 1841 Hoxha v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 210 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 Honeycutt v. U.S., 137 S.Ct. 1626 (2017) :: 432 Hoxha v. Holder, 559 F.3d 157 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 1995–96 Honeywell Int'l, Inc., 2012-PER-1896 (Apr. 14, 2016) :: 1665 Hoxha v. Levi, 465 F.3d 554 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 880, 908, 2026 Hong Fei Gao v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 972–73 Hoxhallari v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 179 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 841, 843, Hong Kong TV Video Program, Inc. v. Ilchert, 685 F.Supp. 712 992 (N.D. Cal. 1988) :: 1185, 2171 HP Enterprise Servs., LLC, 2012-PER-1942 (Aug. 5, 2016) :: Hongsathirath v. Ashcroft, 322 F.Supp.2d 203 (D. Conn. 2004) :: 1637–38 322–23 H-R-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 651 (RC 1958) :: 1072 Hongsheng Leng v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 135 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 991, Hranka, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 491 (BIA 1978) :: 221 1022 HRC, see Haitian Refugee Ctr. Hongting Liu v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 737 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 995 Hrok, LLC, 2012-PER-294 (Jan. 23, 2015) :: 1624 Hong Wang v. Chertoff, 550 F.Supp.2d 1253 (W.D. Wash. 2008) H.R. Shaikh & Co., LLP, 2006-INA-57 (Dec. 18, 2006) :: 1662 :: 1928, 1977 Hrubec v. INS, 828 F.Supp. 251 (S.D.N.Y. 1993), aff'd without Hong Yin v. Frazier, 804 F.Supp.2d 969 (D.S.D. 2011) :: 2295, opinion, 41 F.3d 1500 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 532, 1820, 1851 2332 HSBC Bank U.S.A., N.A., 2009-PER-404 (June 1, 2010) :: 1636 Hongyok v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 547 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1045 HSBC Bank U.S.A., N.A., 2010-PER-655 (Apr. 18, 2011) :: 1626 Hoodho v. Holder, 558 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 650 HSB Solomon Associates LLC, 11-PER-2599 (Oct. 25, 2011) :: Hoonsilapa v. INS, 575 F.2d 735, 738 modified, 586 F.2d 755 1627, 1629, 1648 (9th Cir. 1978) :: 490, 670 Hsieh v. PMC-Sierra, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1100 (2003) :: 2271, Hoosier Care, Inc. v. Chertoff, 482 F.3d 987 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 2274–75 1608 Hsin-Yung; U.S. v., 97 F.Supp.2d 24 (D.D.C. 2000) :: 43 Hootkins v. Napolitano, 645 F.Supp.2d 856 (C.D. Cal. 2009) :: Hsiung, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 201 (AC 1998) :: 1563–64, 1566 1326, 1411, 1444, 2106 H.S.P. v. J.K., 121 A.3d 849, 861 (N.J. 2015) :: 1553 Hope v. ICE, 349 F.Supp.2d 490 (E.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 764, 1975 HS Solutions, Inc., 2013-PER-2573 (Apr. 12, 2018) :: 1635, 1689 Hope v. Pelzer, 536 U.S. 730 (2002) :: 2162 HTC Global Servs., Inc., 2012-PER-2084 (Oct. 6, 2016) :: 1627 Hopkins Dodge Sales, Inc.; U.S. v., 707 F.Supp. 1078 (D. Minn. HTC Global Servs., Inc., 2012-PER-2387 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1644 1989) :: 2166 Htun v. Lynch, 818 F.3d 1111 (10th Cir. 2016) :: 867, 883, 1003 Hopkins Lumber Co., 2008-INA-37-41 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1711 Hu v. Holder, 579 F.3d 155 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 975, 988, 993 Hoque v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 796, 830, Huaman-Cornelio v. BIA, 979 F.2d 995 (4th Cir. 1992) :: 1045 959–60, 969, 988 Huang, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 190 (RC 1965) :: 1367 Hor v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 497 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 957, 1041, 1051, Huang, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 749 (BIA 1988) :: 273, 1365, 1721, 1989, 2064, 2091 1501–3 Horizon Computer Servs., Inc., 2010-PER-746 (May 25, 2011) :: Huang, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 627 (BIA 2015) :: 1380 1622 Huang v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 880, 933 Horizon Science Acad., 2006-INA-46 (Mar. 8, 2007) :: 1658 Huang v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 945 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 729, 958, Horno MSJ, Ltd.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1247 (Apr. 3, 2015) :: 976, 984, 989, 996 2219, 2228 Huang v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 Horno MSJ, Ltd.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1247a (CAHO May 4, Huang v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 142 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 727, 979, 988, 2015) :: 2214, 2236 995 Hosaye Sakaguchi, Ex parte, 277 F. 913 (9th Cir. 1922) :: 104 Huang v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 942 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 965, 1001, Hosein v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 401 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 2018 1024 Hosh v. Lucero, 680 F.3d 375 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 694 Huang v. INS, 47 F.3d 615 (3d Cir. 1995) :: 1820 Hossain v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 468, 1822 Huang v. INS, 421 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1024–25 Hosseini v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 889, 931 Huang v. INS, 436 F.3d 89 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 867–68, 935, 1036, Hosseini v. Johnson, 826 F.3d 354 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 1900, 1918, 1050, 1052, 2052, 2061 1976 Huang v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1813 Hosseini v. Napolitano, 12 F.Supp.3d 1027 (E.D. Ky. 2014) :: Huang v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 618 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1050, 1903 1928 Huang v. Mukasey, 545 F.Supp.2d 1170 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: Hosseini v. Nielsen, 911 F.3d 366 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 196, 198, 1928 1926 Huang v. Napolitano, 721 F.Supp.2d 44 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 2040 Hosseinian, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 453 (BIA 1987) :: 1409 Huang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 429 F.3d 1002 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 1028, Hosseinpour, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 191 (BIA 1975) :: 1072 1844 Hotel Grp. of Am., 1989-INA-195 (Mar. 10, 1992) :: 1701 Huang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 620 F.3d 372 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 947, Hotel & Restaurant Emp. Union v. Smith, 594 F.Supp. 502 1036, 1039, 1832, 1842 (D.D.C. 1984), aff'd by divided court on other grounds, 846 Hua Wan v. Holder, 776 F.3d 52 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 709, 713, 1839, F.2d 1499 (D.C. Cir. 1988) :: 896 1897, 1994, 1998 Hotel & Restaurant Emp. Union v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 804 F.2d 1256 Hua Wu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 571 F.3d 314 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 1027 (D.C. Cir. 1986), vacated, 808 F.2d 847 (D.C. Cir. 1987) :: Hubbard Richard Community Council v. City of Detroit, 901 2021 F.Supp. 1255 (E.D. Mich. 1995) :: 1919 Hou, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 513 (BIA 1992) :: 294, 468, 693, Huck v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 676 F.Supp. 10 (D.D.C. 1987) :: 1156 2112 Huckenbeck, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 118 (RC 1969) :: 1180 Hounmenou v. Holder, 691 F.3d 967 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 938 Hudson v. Esperdy, 290 F.2d 879 (2d Cir. 1961) :: 133 Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 266 (1988) :: 1820 Hudson v. Michigan, 547 U.S. 586 (2006) :: 489 Houston Indep. Sch. Dist., 2016-PER-800 (June 6, 2018) :: 1659 Hudson v. U.S., 522 U.S. 93 (1997) :: 467, 2235 Houston Music Inst., 2007-INA-271 (Jan. 16, 2008) :: 1701 Hudson Delivery Serv. Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 945 (1997) :: Hovhannisyan v. DHS, 624 F.Supp.2d 1135 (C.D. Cal. 2008) :: 2184 641, 1093, 1926, 1969, 2030 TABLE OF CASES 2521

Hudson Health Plan, Inc., 2014-PER-1757 (Feb. 26, 2019) :: Hylor v. U.S., 896 F.3d 1219 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 322 1650 Hylton v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 57 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 292, 308, 312, Huerta v. Gonzales, 443 F.3d 753 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 1819, 2114 354, 357 Huerta-Guevara v. Ashcroft, 321 F.3d 883 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 331, Hysi v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 847 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 959 363, 650, 679, 681, 683, 691, 2007 Hyundai Motor Manufacturing, AL, 2010-PER-883 (Oct. 27, 2010) Huerta-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 335 F.Supp.2d 1019 (D. Neb. 2005) :: :: 1644, 1694 446 Hyun-Soo Lee, MD, P.A., 2012-PER-3698 (July 18, 2017) :: 1625 Huesca v. Rojas Bakery, 4 OCAHO no. 654 (1994) :: 2261 Huete, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 250 (BIA 1991) :: 581, 717 I Huey, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 5 (BIA 1968) :: 1785 Hughes, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 289 (Comm. 1982) :: 1285–86 IAC Search & Media, Inc., 2011-PER-845 (May 2, 2012) :: 1618, Hughes v. Ashcroft, 255 F.3d 752 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 2288 1637, 1655 Hughes Aircraft Co. v. U.S. ex rel. Schumer, 520 U.S. 939 (1997) Iannuzzelli v. Lovett, 981 So.2d 557 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008) :: 115 :: 2117 Iao v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 530 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1012, 1049 Hui v. Castañeda, 559 U.S. 799 (2010) :: 2140 Iasu v. Smith, 511 F.3d 881 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1896 Hui v. Casteneda, 559 U.S. 799 (2010) :: 270 Iavorski v. INS, 232 F.3d 124 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 1881, 2082–83 Huicochea-Gomez v. INS, 237 F.3d 696 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 636, Ibanez-Beltran v. Lynch, 858 F.3d 294 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 308, 351 1822 Ibarra, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 809 (BIA 2016) :: 328, 330 Hui Lin Huang v. Holder, 677 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2012), abrogating Ibarra v. Holder, 736 F.3d 903 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 299 Matter of H-L-H- & Z-Y-Z-, 25 I&N Dec. 209 (BIA 2010) :: Ibarra v. Swacina, 628 F.3d 1269 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 1929, 1976, 895, 964, 1024–25, 1035, 1835–36 2001, 2005 Hui Ran v. Barr, 936 F.3d 929 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1586 Ibarra-Flores v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 614 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 626, Huitron-Rocha; U.S. v., 771 F.3d 1183 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 291, 358 1767, 1904, 1959, 2063–65 Huitt-Zollars, Inc., 2015-PER-671 (Jan. 24, 2019) :: 1615 Ibarra-Galindo; U.S. v., 206 F.3d 1337 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 2110 Huiwu Lai v. U.S., No. C17-1704-JCC, 2018 WL 3455498 (W.D. Ibarra-Hernandez v. Holder, 770 F.3d 1280 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 133 Wash. July 17, 2018) :: 1499 Ibarra-Terrazas v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 1046 (8th Cir. 2006) :: Hui Yu v. DHS, 568 F.Supp.2d 231 (D. Conn. 2008) :: 2017, 2133 1819 Hui Zheng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 647 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 1864, 1873 Iberia Airlines Flight No. 1B951, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 768 (BIA Humama v. INS, 78 F.3d 233 (6th Cir. 1996) :: 872 1988) :: 1820 Humanitarian Law Project v. DOJ, 352 F.3d 382 (9th Cir. 2003) :: IBM Corp., 2004-INA-12 (Mar. 4, 2005) :: 1667 196 IBM Corp., 2011-PER-465 (Aug. 27, 2013) :: 1707 Humanitarian Law Project v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 916 (9th Cir. IBM Corp., 2011-PER-2760 (Feb. 12, 2014) :: 1624, 1636 2009) :: 203 IBM Corp., 2011-PER-2838 (Jan. 13, 2014) :: 1622 Humetis Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-2098 (Aug. 4, 2016) :: 1625 IBM Corp., 2014-PER-28 (Dec. 19, 2017) :: 1669, 1702 Hummel-Jones v. Strope, 25 F.3d 647 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 500 IBM Corp., 2015-PER-483, -549 (Mar. 28, 2018) :: 1669, 1697 Humphries v. Palm, Inc., 9 OCAHO no 1112 (2004) :: 2274 IBP, Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 949 (June 1, 1995) :: 2265 Humphries v. Various Fed. U.S. INS Employees, 164 F.3d 936 Ibragimov v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 68, 1479, (5th Cir. 1999) :: 550, 1979, 2029, 2141, 2153 1814 Hung, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 178 (Comm. 1967) :: 911 Ibrahim, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 55 (BIA 1981) :: 1475, 1785 Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Comm'n, 432 U.S. Ibrahim v. Acosta, No. 17 Civ. 24574, 2018 WL 582520 (S.D. Fla. 333 (1977) :: 2020 Jan. 26, 2018) :: 765, 1980 Hunter v. Bryant, 502 U.S. 224 (1991) :: 2164 Ibrahim v. Chertoff, 529 F.Supp.2d 611 (E.D.N.C. 2007) :: 1930, Huo Qiang Chen v. Holder, 773 F.3d 396 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 793, 1952 1024 Ibrahim v. DHS, 62 F.Supp.3d 909 (N.D. Cal. 2014) :: 45, 2014 Hurtado v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 91 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1857 Ibrahim v. DHS, 538 F.3d 1250 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 237 Hurtado v. Reno, 34 F.Supp.2d 1261 (D. Colo. 1999) :: 263 Ibrahim v. DHS, 669 F.3d 983 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 45, 210, 471, Husayn v. Gates, 588 F.Supp.2d 7 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 619 1079, 2015–16, 2019 Husic v. Holder, 776 F.3d 59 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 74, 227 Ibrahim v. DHS, 912 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2019) (en banc) :: 210, Hussain v. Chertoff, 486 F.Supp. 196 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 2332 2166, 2169–71, 2176, 2178 Hussain v. DHS, 674 F.Supp.2d 260 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 606, 609 Ibrahim v. DOS, 311 F.Supp.3d 134 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 611, 616, Hussain v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 622 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 474, 677, 1085, 2111 1001 Ibrahim v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 1074 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 868, 889, Hussain v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 153 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 1831–32, 933, 1003–4 2098 Ibrahim v. Gonzales, 633 F.Supp.2d 737 (W.D. Mo. 2007) :: 2314 Hussain v. Holder, 576 F.3d 54 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 789 Ibrahim v. INS, 821 F.2d 1547 (11th Cir. 1987) :: 472, 1914 Hussain v. Mukasey, 510 F.3d 739 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 261, 531, Ibrahimi v. Holder, 566 F.3d 758 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 477, 1396, 545, 548 1400, 1402, 1726 Hussain v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 534 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 194–95, Ibrik v. INS, 108 F.3d 596 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 2086 1745, 1765 I-C-C-, Matter of; ID# 78045 (AAO Oct. 18, 2016) :: 1597 Hussain v. Obama, 134 S.Ct. 1621 (2014) :: 552 Ice Castles Daycare Too, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1142 Hussain v. Obama, 718 F.3d 964 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 552 (Sept. 22, 2011) :: 2232–33 Hussain v. USCIS, 541 F.Supp.2d 1082 (D. Minn. 2008) :: 2316 Ickes, Jr.; U.S. v., 393 F.3d 501 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 504 Hussam F. v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 707 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 854, 867, I Con Constr., Inc., 2018-TLN-116 (May 9, 2018) :: 1246 1788, 1790–91, 1836, 1897, 1909, 1968, 2036 I-Corp, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2017-02 (AAO Apr. 12, 2017) Hussein v. Barrett, 820 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 2296, 2300 :: 1073, 2249 Hussein v. Gonzales, 474 F.Supp. 1265 (M.D. Fla. 2007) :: 2331 ICSA Inc., 2012-PER-2977 (July 6, 2017) :: 1613 Hussein v. INS, 817 F.2d 63 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 2036 ID# 1563491, Matter of (AAO Jan. 3, 2020) :: 1351 Hussein Al Nasser; U.S. v., 479 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 457 ID# 6082754, Matter of (AAO Jan. 3, 2020) :: 179 Husyev v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 864, 1898, Iddir v. INS, 301 F.3d 492 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 1436, 1948, 1951, 1903, 1906, 1987 1977, 2009–10, 2028 Huymaier, In re; 345 F.Supp.339 (E.D. Pa. 1972) :: 2299 Ideal Transp. Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1290 (Nov. 7, H-V-P-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2016-01 (AAO Feb. 9, 2016) 2016) :: 2221, 2231 :: 1158, 1540 Idowu; U.S. v., 105 F.3d 728 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 403 H-W-N-, Matter of; ID# 551406 (AAO Sept. 25, 2017) :: 1538 Idrees v. Whitaker, 923 F.3d 539 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1816, 2042 Hyatt Regency Lake Tahoe; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 879 (May 16, Idy v. Holder, 674 F.3d 111 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 129, 133 1996) :: 2262 Ifuturistics, Inc., 2010-PER-631 (Apr. 21, 2011) :: 1626 Hyder v. Keisler, 506 F.3d 388 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 123, 142–43 2522 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Igartüa-De La Rosa v. U.S., 417 F.3d 145 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 2116 Indrawati v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 779 F.3d 1284 (11th Cir. 2015) :: Igartüa-De La Rosa v. U.S., 654 F.3d 99 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 2116 663, 673, 921, 1844, 1995 Igate Global Solutions, An Igate Co., 2013-PER-2216 (Aug. 30, Industrial Equip. Solutions, Inc., 2020-TLN-12 (Dec. 2, 2019) :: 2018) :: 1634 1244 Ige, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 880 (BIA 1994) :: 230, 1771–72 Industrial Steel Products, LLC, 2012-PER-543 (June 21, 2012) :: Iglesia Evangelica Emmanuel Church, 2008-PER-161 (Mar. 17, 1632 2009) :: 1625 Inestroza-Antonelli v. Barr, 954 F.3d 813 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 1037, Iglesias v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 528 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1470, 1786, 1871, 1874–75, 1877 1867 Infanzon v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1359 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 1970, Ignatova v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 1209 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 921, 930, 2049 935, 1401, 1905, 1963, 1986 InfoExperts, 2012-PER-3581 (Aug. 25, 2017) :: 1683, 1709 I Grand Express, 2014-PER-783 (Jan. 26, 2018) :: 1615, 1668 Infomc, Inc., 2016-PER-747 (Dec. 9, 2019) :: 1632 Iheme v. Reno, 819 F.Supp. 1192 (E.D.N.Y. 1992) :: 739 Information Indus., Inc., 1988-INA-82 (1989) :: 1675 Ijoma v. INS, 854 F.Supp. 612 (D. Neb. 1993) :: 1915 Infoshare Sys., Inc., 2014-PER-283 (Nov. 5, 2018) :: 1636 Ikama-Obambi v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 956– Infosys, Ltd., 2015-PER-107 (Jan. 20, 2017) :: 1685, 1701 57 Infosys, Ltd., 2015-PER-311 (Sept. 13, 2016) :: 1617–18 I-K-C-, Matter of; ID# 613815 (AAO Oct. 24, 2017) :: 1538 Infosys, Ltd., 2016-PER-63 (Apr. 23, 2018) :: 1636 IKEA, Inc. v. DOJ, No. 87-2025, (D.D.C. Dec. 23, 1987) :: 1293 Infosys, Ltd., 2016-PER-74 (May 12, 2016) :: 1617–18, 1636, IKEA U.S., Inc. v. INS, 48 F.Supp.2d 22 (D.D.C. 1999) :: 1288, 1655, 1712 1528 Infosys Solutions, Inc., 2015-PER-119 (Mar. 26, 2019) :: 1641 Ikenokwalu-White v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 919 (8th Cir. 2007) :: Infosys Techs. Ltd., 2012-PER-417 (Nov. 16, 2012) :: 1636, 1712 1419, 1456, 1901, 1914 Ingmantoro v. Mukasey, 550 F.3d 646 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 803, 848, Ikenokwalu-White v. INS, 316 F.3d 798 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 1732, 1046 1768, 1969 Injeti v. USCIS, 737 F.3d 311 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 1743, 2324 Ikharo v. Holder, 614 F.3d 622 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 387, 1823, 2036 Inkad LLC/Café Italiano, 2010-PER-256 (Jan. 27, 2011) :: 1621 Ilchuk v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 434 F.3d 618 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 330, 367, Inland Empire-Immigr. Youth Collective v. Duke, 2018 WL 796 1061408 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1797 Il Cortile Restaurant, 2010-PER-683 (Oct. 12, 2010) :: 1625, 1640 Inmos Corp., 1988-INA-326 (1990) (en banc) :: 1667 Ildefonso-Candelario v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 866 F.3d 102 (3d Cir. Innab v. Reno, 204 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 2041, 2071 2017) :: 125, 143 Innawalli v. American Info. Tech. Corp., 2005-LCA-165 (ARB Ilic, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 717 (BIA 2012) :: 1482–83 Sept. 29, 2006) :: 1201, 1215 Ilic-Lee v. Mukasey, 507 F.3d 1044 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 592, 1404, Innopath Software, 2009-PER-153 (Sept. 2, 2009) :: 1618, 1633 1470, 1786, 1855, 1861, 1868 Innova Solutions, Inc. v. Baran, 338 F.Supp.3d 1009 (N.D. Cal. Iliev v. Holder, 613 F.3d 1019 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 1396, 1402, 2018) :: 1183 1964 Innova Solutions, Inc. v. Baran, 399 F.Supp.3d 1004 (N.D. Cal. Iliev v. INS, 127 F.3d 638 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 727 2019) :: 1183 Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405 (2005) :: 484 Innovation Law Lab v. McAleenan, 924 F.3d 503 (9th Cir. 2019) :: Illinois Migrant Council v. Pilliod, 531 F.Supp. 1011 (N.D. Ill. 915 1982) :: 499 Innovation Law Lab v. Nielsen, 310 F.Supp.3d 1150 (D. Or. 2018) Illinois Migrant Council v. Pilliod, 540 F.2d 1062 (7th Cir. 1976), :: 513, 630, 939–40 modified, 548 F.2d 715 (7th Cir. 1977) :: 493 Innovation Law Lab v. Nielsen, 342 F.Supp.3d 1067 (D. Or. 2018) Illinois Migrant Council v. Pilliod, 672 F.Supp. 1072 (N.D. Ill. :: 270, 1913, 2020 1987) :: 2175 Innovation Law Lab v. Nielsen, 366 F.Supp.3d 1110 (N.D. Cal. Ilunga v. Holder, 777 F.3d 199 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 694, 975, 1827 2019) :: 915 ILWU v. Meese, 891 F.2d 1374 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 1338, 1924, Innovation Law Lab v. Wolf, 140 S.Ct. 1564 (2020) :: 915 2021, 2041 Innovation Law Lab v. Wolf, 951 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 915 Ilyabaev v. Kane, 847 F.Supp.2d 1168 (D. Ariz. 2012) :: 626–27, Innovative Scheduling LLC, 2016-PER-848 (Mar. 1, 2018) :: 1655 1453, 1457, 1600, 1603, 1853, 1901, 1913, 1934 Inocencio; U.S. v., 215 F.Supp.2d 1095 (D. Haw. 2002), aff'd, 328 I-M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 389 (BIA 1957) :: 172 F.3d 1207 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 2327 I.M. v. Johnson, 2015 WL 8540876 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 7, 2015) :: In re, see name of party 1922, 2301 INS v., see other party Imacuclean Cleaning Servs., LLC; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1327 Inspectionexpert Corp. v. Cuccinelli, No. 1:19cv65, 2020 WL (Sept. 11, 2019) :: 2216–17, 2219–20, 2227, 2229 1062821 (M.D.N.C. Mar. 5, 2020) :: 1179, 1181–82, 1925, Image Plant ___, Matter of; EAC 00-247-50368 (AAO Feb. 15, 2056, 2068 2002) :: 1181 Inspirational Coal, Inc., 1986-INA-827 (1986) :: 1676 Imelda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 611 F.3d 724 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 838, Institute for Envtl. Health, Inc., 2013-PER-1963 (Aug. 12, 2016) :: 841–42, 966–67, 969 1642 IMG Acad., LLC, 2015-PER-244 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1662, 1664 Institute of Cetacean Research v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Immediate Bus. Sys., Inc. v. Richards, 645 F.Supp. 355 (N.D. Ga. Soc'y, 153 F.Supp.3d 1291 (W.D. Wash. 2015) :: 2144, 1986) :: 1527 2146 Immigrant Assistance Project of the L.A. Cnty. Fed'n of Labor Integrated Flow Solutions, LLC, 2012-PER-2303 (June 27, 2016) (AFL-CIO) v. INS, 306 F.3d 842 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 40, 2027, :: 1618, 1645, 1710 2082, 2105 Integrated Informatics, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. 08- Immigration Petitions for Review Pending in U.S. Court of Ap- 127 (Jan. 31, 2011) :: 1199, 1211, 1214, 1217 peals for the Second Circuit, In re; 702 F.3d 160 (2d Cir. Integrated Telecom Solutions, Inc., 2017-PER-128 (Nov. 2, 2018) 2012) :: 698 :: 1615 Implementation Techs. Consulting, Inc., 2010-PER-914 (July 20, Integrity Concrete, Inc. & American Concrete, Inc.; U.S. v., 13 2011) :: 1630 OCAHO no. 1307 (Nov. 21, 2017) :: 2217, 2226–27 Import S.H.K. Enterprises, Inc., 1988-INA-52 (1989) :: 1640 Integrity Gymnastics & Pure Power Cheerleading v. USCIS, 131 Imran v. Keisler, 516 F.Supp.2d 967 (S.D. Iowa 2007) :: 2333 F.Supp.3d 721 (S.D. Ohio 2015) :: 1523, 2053 IMS, P.C. v. Alvarez, 129 F.3d 618 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 2049 Intel Corp., 2013-PER-3071 (Feb. 20, 2014) :: 1711 I-N-, Matter of; ID# 865486 (AAO Apr. 23, 2018) :: 1540 Inteliops, Inc., 2012-PER-1099 (Mar. 25, 2016) :: 1667 Incalza v. Fendi N. Am., Inc., 479 F.3d 1005 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Intelli Transp. Servs., Inc.; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1319 (Apr. 23, 1097, 1301, 1309, 2246–47, 2252–53 2019) :: 2183, 2192 Indianapolis, City of, v. Edmond, 531 U.S. 32 (2000) :: 503 Intent Design, Ltd., 2011-PER-91 (Mar. 7, 2012) :: 1710 Indradjaja v. Holder, 737 F.3d 212 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 660, 665, Intent Design, Ltd., 2012-PER-1692 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1666, 1674 1874, 2057 TABLE OF CASES 2523

Intercommunity Ctr. for Justice & Peace v. INS, 910 F.2d 42 (2d Irigoyen-Briones v. Holder, 644 F.3d 943 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1819, Cir. 1990) :: 2238 1880, 2077, 2114 Intercontinental Enterprises, Inc., 2011-PER-2756 (July 30, 2012) Irish Dairy Bd., Ltd., Matter of; File No. A28-845-421 (AAU Nov. :: 1626 16, 1989) :: 1288, 1528 Interian-Mata; U.S. v., 363 F.Supp.2d 1246 (S.D. Cal. 2005) :: Irish Help at Home LLC v. Melville, 2015 WL 848977 (N.D. Cal. 416 Feb. 24, 2015) :: 1183 Interiano-Rosa, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 264 (BIA 2010) :: 676, Iron Workers Local 455 v. Lake Constr. & Dev. Corp., 7 OCAHO 688, 725 no. 964 (Sept. 12, 1997) :: 2259, 2272, 2274 Interior, Dep't of, v. Klamath Water Users Protective Ass'n, 532 Irshad v. Johnson, 754 F.3d 604 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 202, 1929 U.S. 1 (2001) :: 607 Iruegas-Valdez v. Yates, 846 F.3d 806 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 813, 886, Interior Developers, Inc. v. Chao, 521 F.Supp.2d 145 (D.P.R. 991 2007) :: 1670 Irving; U.S. v., 432 F.3d 401 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 504 International Ass'n of Iron Workers Local No. 1; U.S. v., 438 F.2d Irwin v. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 498 U.S. 89 (1990) :: 2124 679 (1971) :: 2273 Isaraphanich v. Coughlin, 716 F.Supp. 119 (S.D.N.Y. 1989) :: 537 International Auto Exch., Inc. v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 643 F.Supp. 616 Isaraphanich v. Sava, 663 F.Supp. 120 (S.D.N.Y. 1987) :: 1938 (D.D.C. 1986) :: 1072, 1284 Isber, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 676 (BIA 1993) :: 1418 International Bhd. of Teamsters v. U.S., 431 U.S. 324 (1977) :: ISCIN LLC, 2019-TLN-4 (Nov. 13, 2018) :: 1243, 1246 2234, 2271, 2273 I-S- & C-S-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 432 (BIA 2008) :: 870, 934, International Contractors, Inc. & Technical Programming Servs., 945 Inc., 1989-INA-278 (June 13, 1990) :: 1658 Ishak v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 22 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 728, 1999, 2088 International Counsel Bureau v. Dep't of Defense, 723 F.Supp.2d Ishitiaq v. Holder, 578 F.3d 712 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1046 54 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 606 Isidro-Zamarano, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 829 (BIA 2012) :: 1427, International Fidelity v. INS, 623 F.Supp. 45 (S.D.N.Y. 1985) :: 1764 532 Islam, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 637 (BIA 2011) :: 138–39, 287, 528, International Internships Programs v. Napolitano, 718 F.3d 986 725, 1817 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 1311, 1922, 2030, 2032 Islam v. Barr, 394 F.Supp.3d 279 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 47–48, 1727, International Labor Mgmt. Corp. v. Perez, No. 1:14CV231, 2014 1976 WL 1668131 (M.D.N.C. Apr. 25, 2014) :: 1235, 1262 Islam v. DHS, 136 F.Supp.3d 1088 (N.D. Cal. 2015) :: 568 International Molders v. Nelson, 674 F.Supp. 294 (N.D. Cal. Islam v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 53 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 727 1987) :: 499–500 Islam v. Quarantillo 350 F.Supp.3d 183 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 1975 International Molders & Allied Workers Local 164 v. Nelson, 102 Islam; U.S. v., 418 F.3d 1125 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 433, 1420 F.R.D. 457 (N.D. Cal. 1983) :: 2103 Islami v. Gonzales, 412 F.3d 391 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 797, 841 International Molders & Allied Workers Local 164 v. Nelson, 799 Islamic & Educ. Ctr. v. Napolitano, 826 F.Supp.2d 1122 (S.D. F.2d 547 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 499, 2209 Iowa 2011) :: 2026 International Packaging, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1275 (Apr. Islamic Shura Council of S. Cal. v. FBI, 635 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 14, 2016) :: 2189 2011) :: 612 International Packaging, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1275a Island Holdings, LLC, 2013-PWD-2 (BALCA Dec. 3, 2013) (en (Dec. 6, 2016) :: 2216 banc) :: 1249 International Plan Servs., LLC, 2013-TLN-14, 16, 17 (BALCA Island Holdings LLC, 2013-PWD-92 (BALCA Dec. 3, 2013) :: Dec. 21, 2012) :: 1248, 1262 1252 International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump, 961 F.3d 635 Islas-Veloz v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 1249 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 123, 133 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 219 Ismaiel v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 1198 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 980, 2001 International Union of Bricklayers v. Meese, 616 F.Supp. 1387 Ismail v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 970 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1003 (N.D. Cal. 1985) :: 1119 I-S-O-A-, Matter of; ID# 13560 (AAO CSC Mar. 9, 2016) :: 1545 International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craftsmen v. Meese, 761 F.2d 798 (D.C. Cir. 1985) :: 2015, 2021 Isoftech Inc., 2013-PER-654 (Aug. 1, 2017) :: 1637 International Union UAW v. Brock, 477 U.S. 274 (1986) :: 2022 Isovic, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 361 (Comm. 1982) :: 1284 International Warehouse Grp., Inc. Case 29-CA-197057 (NLRB Israel O., In re; 182 Cal.Rptr.3d 548 (Cal. Ct.App. 2015) :: 1552 G.C. Oct. 5, 2017) :: 2245 Issa v. Mueller, 486 F.Supp.2d 668 (E.D. Mich. 2007) :: 2331 Intervid, Inc., 2009-PER-278 (Sept. 9, 2010) :: 1686 Issaq v. Holder, 617 F.3d 962 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 874, 1842, 1988, Introcaso, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 304 (BIA 2014) :: 361, 1328, 1992 1442 Isse v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 886 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 920 In Tung W.C. v. Sau Y.C., 34 Misc.3d 869, 940 N.Y.S.2d 791 Issiaka v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 569 F.3d 135 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 695, (Fam. Ct. 2011) :: 1553 981, 988, 993 In 't Veld v. DHS, 589 F.Supp.2d 16 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 614 Isunza v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 971 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1745, 1747 Investigation of, see name of party Itaeva v. INS, 314 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 1113, 1767, 1979 Iouri v. Ashcroft, 487 F.3d 76 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 999, 1740–41, Itani v. Ashcroft, 298 F.3d 1213 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 143, 390 1792 IT Ascent, Matter of; EAC 04-047-53189 (AAO Sept. 2, 2005) :: Iqbal v. Bryson, 604 F.Supp.2d 822 (E.D. Va. 2009) :: 376, 2297 1191, 1294 Iqbal v. Holder, 693 F.3d 1189 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 2168 IT Cats, LLC, 2012-PER-3588 (June 27, 2017) :: 1700 Iqbal v. Secretary, DHS, 190 F.Supp.3d 322 (W.D.N.Y. 2016) :: IT & Ebusiness Consulting Servs., Inc., 2012-PER-1901 (Sept. 8, 2332 2016) :: 1637 Iqbal v. USCIS, 397 F.Supp.3d 273 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2293 Itech US Inc. 2012-PER-3005 (Oct. 23, 2019) :: 1690 Iqbal; U.S. v., 684 F.3d 507 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 683 Itehua, No. 3:17-cr-119; U.S. v., 2018 WL 1470250 (E.D. Va. Iqbal Ali v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 659 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1971, 1982 Mar. 26, 2018) :: 420 IQ Sys., Inc. v. Mayorkas, 667 F.Supp.2d 105 (D.D.C. 2009) :: Itek Consulting, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2008-LCA-46 (May 1457, 1596, 1970 6, 2009) :: 1198, 1201 Iracheta v. Holder, 730 F.3d 419 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 1377, 1827, Itserve Alliance, Inc. v. Cissna, No. 18-2350 (RMC), 2020 WL 1989 1150186 (D.D.C. Mar. 10, 2020) :: 1175, 1917 Iran v. INS, 656 F.2d 469 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 677, 690 IT Trailblazers, LLC, 2015-PER-135 (Feb. 14, 2017) :: 1676–77 Iraq v. Beaty, see Simon v. Republic of Iraq Iturribarria v. INS, 321 F.3d 889 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1858, 1860, 1881 Irasoc v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 727 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 787 IT Works Int'l, Inc., 2012-PER-659 (Dec. 17, 2015) :: 1638 Iredia v. INS, 981 F.2d 847 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 288 Ivanchukov; U.S. v., 405 F.Supp.2d 708 (E.D. Va. 2005) :: 445 Ireeco LLC & Ireeco Ltd., SEC Release No. 34-75268, 2015 WL 4692877 (SEC June 23, 2015) :: 1591 Ivanishvili v. DOJ, 433 F.3d 332 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1010, 1039 Irigoyen-Briones v. Holder, 582 F.3d 1062 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 2036 Ivanov v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 635 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1033, 1834, 1886 2524 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Ivanov v. Holder, 736 F.3d 5 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 800, 830–31, 1011, Jalilian; U.S. v., 896 F.2d 447 (10th Cir. 1990) :: 398 1039 Jalisco's Bar & Grill, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1224 (June 27, Ivezaj v. INS, 84 F.3d 215 (6th Cir. 1996) :: 728, 2101 2014) :: 2213, 2221, 2226 Ivonne Medina & Anthony Morales, 2009-PER-243 (June 23, Jalloh v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 920 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1007 2009) :: 1632 Jalloh v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 894 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 985, 1003 Iwanowa v. Ford Motor Co., 67 F.Supp.2d 424 (D.N.J. 1999) :: Jalloh v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 844 2142 Jallow v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 569 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1002 Iwasaki Images of Am., 1987-INA-656 (1988) :: 1665 Jam v. International Fin. Corp., 139 S.Ct. 759 (2019) :: 2161 Iwuchukwu v. City of Grand Prairie, TX, 6 OCAHO no. 915 (Feb. Jama v. DHS, 760 F.3d 490 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 232, 1919, 1976, 25, 1997) :: 2273 1983, 1985 Ixcot v. Holder, 646 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 743, 745, 1437, Jama v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 230 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 277, 748, 2094 1487 Jama v. ICE, 543 U.S. 335 (2005), aff'g Jama v. INS, 329 F.3d Ixtlilco-Morales v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 651 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 838 630 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 277, 748, 1979, 2109 Iyamba v. INS, 244 F.3d 606 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 1409, 1747, 1783, Jama v. INS, 22 F.Supp.2d 353 (D.N.J. 1998) :: 2133, 2142 1844 Jama v. U.S., 343 F.Supp.2d 338 (D.N.J. 2004) :: 2130 Iyengar v. Barnhart, 233 F.Supp.2d 5 (D.D.C. 2002) :: 1922 Jamal v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 60 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1043 Iysheh v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 613 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 333, 365 Jamal A. v. Whitaker, 358 F.Supp.3d 858 (D. Minn. 2019) :: 253, Izaguirre, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 67 (BIA 2017) :: 1328 517, 546 Izatula, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 149 (BIA 1990) :: 808, 1023 Jamal-Daoud v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 918 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 984 Izedonmwen v. INS, 37 F.3d 416 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 142 James v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 505 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 335–36, 342, Izmailov v. Reno, 263 F.3d 851 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 1986 682–83, 1830 Izquierdo v. Victoria Nursing & Rehab. Ctr., 10 OCAHO no. 1131 James v. Holder, 698 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 310, 366 (Oct. 15, 2009) :: 2275 James v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 250 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 359 Izraileva v. Chertoff, 629 F.Supp.2d 1286 (M.D. Fla. 2007) :: 2332 James v. Riley, 329 F.Supp.2d 570 (E.D. Pa. 2004) :: 1756 Izummi, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 169 (AC 1998) :: 572, 1448, James v. U.S., 550 U.S. 192 (2007) :: 355 1564–68, 1570–71, 1578, 1580–81, 1585, 1592, 1596, James B. Beam Distilling Co. v. Georgia, 501 U.S. 529 (1991) :: 1846, 1850 2121 James L. Brady, Sr., H-2A Labor Contractor, 2018-TAE-5 (Apr. J 25, 2019) :: 1234–35 James Madison Project v. DOJ, 330 F.Supp.3d 192 (D.D.C. J-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 477 (BIA 1946) :: 132 2018) :: 617 Jaa v. INS, 779 F.2d 569 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 572, 1793, 1915 James Madison Project v. DOS, 235 F.Supp.3d 161 (D.D.C. Jaafar v. INS, 77 F.Supp.2d 360 (W.D.N.Y. 1999) :: 327 2017) :: 604 Jabateh v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 332 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 198, 889, 1318, James & Zandra Hsieh, 2010-PER-341 (May 26, 2010) :: 1612 1811 Jamieson v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 765 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 183, 637 Jaber v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 223 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1902, 1911, Jammal; U.S. v., 90 F.Supp.3d 618 (S.D. W. Va. 2015) :: 2324 2060, 2088 Jan v. Holder, 576 F.3d 455 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 826, 1046 J-A-B- & I-J-V-A-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 168 (BIA 2017) :: 245, Jane Doe v. Kelly, 878 F.3d 710 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 268 558, 565, 925, 929, 1810 Jane Doe v. Nielsen, 357 F.Supp.3d 972 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 895, Jabil Circuit, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1146 (Apr. 5, 2012) :: 2015 2214 Jane E. Libles, 2016-TLN-75 (Oct. 31, 2016) :: 1244 Jablonski v. Special Counsel & Their Employers Clients, 12 Jane W v. Thomas, 354 F.Supp.3d 630 (E.D. Pa. 2018) :: 2148 OCAHO no. 1283 (June 9, 2016) :: 2271 Janis; U.S. v., 428 U.S. 433 (1976) :: 486 Jablonski v. Yorkson Legal, 12 OCAHO no. 1272 (Apr. 12, 2016) Janjua v. Neufeld, 933 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 200, 567–68 :: 2267 Janko v. Gates, 741 F.3d 136 (D.C. Cir. 2014) :: 553 Jablonsky v. Kelly Legal Servs., 12 OCAHO no. 1282 (June 22, Janko; U.S. v., 865 F.2d 1246 (11th Cir. 1989) :: 398 2016) :: 2267 Jankowski v. INS, 138 F.Supp.2d 269 (D. Conn. 2001), rev'd on Jabr v. Holder, 711 F.3d 835 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 794, 805, 831 other grounds, Jankowski-Burczyk v. INS, 291 F.3d 172 (2d Jabri v. Holder, 675 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 729, 972, 976 Cir. 2002) :: 46, 228, 482, 1478, 1943, 2008 Jacinto v. INS, 208 F.3d 725 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 472, 597 Jan Linhart, D.D.S., P.C., 2013-PER-723 (June 20, 2017) :: 1612 Jackson, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 314 (BIA 2014) :: 1327, 1442 J-A-N-M-, Matter of; ID# 124446 (AAO Jan. 19, 2018) :: 1350 Jackson v. Holder, 893 F.Supp.2d 629 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) :: 2029 Janusiak v. INS, 947 F.2d 46 (3d Cir. 1991) :: 1848 Jackson v. Humphrey, 776 F.3d 1232 (11th Cir. 2015) :: 2162 Janus & Janek, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 866 (BIA 1968) :: 794, 797 Jacobs v. Bureau of Prisons, 845 F.Supp.2d 224 (D.D.C. 2012) :: Janvier v. U.S., 793 F.2d 449 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 384, 391 621 Jan-Xin Zang v. FBI, 756 F.Supp. 705 (W.D.N.Y. 1991) :: 615 Jacobson v. DHS, 882 F.3d 878 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 503 Japanese, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1204 (Oct. 18, 2013) :: Jacquez v. Holder, 758 F.3d 434 (1st 2014) :: 1974 2231 Jaen v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 182 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 575, 2078, Japarkylova v. Holder, 615 F.3d 696 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 790, 793, 2110–11, 2280 1872, 2047–48 Jafarzadeh v. Duke, 270 F.Supp.3d 296 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 1922, Jaquez v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 258 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 373–74 1926, 2301 Jara v. Núñez, 878 F.3d 1268 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 2146 Jafarzadeh v. Nielsen, 321 F.Supp.3d 19 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1917, Jara v. Strong Steel Doors, Inc., 851 N.Y.S.2d 58 (Sup. Ct. 2007) 1919, 1922, 1926, 1979, 2019, 2031, 2301 :: 2248 Jaggernauth v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 432 F.3d 1346 (11th Cir. 2005) :: Jarad v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 867 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1812, 1814, 328, 331, 689, 1858, 2059, 2087, 2095 1975 Jaghoori v. Holder, 772 F.3d 764 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 1748 Jara-Medina; U.S. v., 308 F.Supp.3d 1150 (D. Or. 2018) :: 413 Jahed v. Acri, 468 F.3d 230 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 1409, 2285 Jaramillo v. INS, 1 F.3d 1149 (11th Cir. 1993) :: 1750, 2076 Jahed v. INS, 356 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 807, 830, 1021 Jara-Navarrete v. INS, 813 F.2d 1340 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1772–73 Jahjaga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 512 F.3d 80 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 1826, Jara Riero & Jara Espinol, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 267 (BIA 2007) 1965, 1991 :: 1485 Jaime; U.S. v., 473 F.3d 178 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 503 Jarbough v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 483 F.3d 184 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 666, Jaimez-Revolla v. Bell, 598 F.2d 243 (D.C. Cir. 1979) :: 154 728 Jain v. ACI Infotech, Inc., 2018-LCA-24 (Feb. 6, 2019) :: 1218 Jarecha v. INS, 417 F.2d 220 (5th Cir. 1969) :: 2064 Jain v. Empower IT, Inc. d/b/a Infobahn Techs., ARB No. 08-08 Jarpa v. Mumford, 211 F.Supp.3d 706 (D. Md. 2016) :: 1940, (Oct. 30, 2009) :: 1211–12 1943, 2004 Jain v. INS, 612 F.2d 683 (2d Cir. 1980) :: 1475 Jass & Associates, Inc., 2011-PER-1661 (Jan. 16, 2015) :: 1628 Jalil, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 679 (BIA 1988) :: 1366, 2289 TABLE OF CASES 2525

Jasso Arangure, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 178 (BIA 2017) :: 327, Jerhel Plastics, Inc., 2016-PER-19 (July 26, 2016) :: 1645 568 Jeronimo v. Murff, 157 F.Supp. 808 (S.D.N.Y. 1957) :: 288 Jathoul v. Clinton, 880 F.Supp.2d 168 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 2012 Jerry Estopy & Manuel Bortoni d/b/a Estopy Farms; U.S. v., 11 Jauregui; U.S. v., 314 F.3d 961 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 459 OCAHO no. 1252 (June 10, 2015) :: 2267, 2271 Jauregui-Cardenas v. Barr, 946 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 125, Jerry Estopy & Manuel Bortoni d/b/a Estopy Farms; U.S. v., 11 143, 337 OCAHO no. 1256 (Aug. 13, 2015) :: 2270 Javanmard; U.S. v., 767 F.Supp. 1109 (D. Kan. 1991) :: 396 Jesner vs. Arab Bank. LLC, 138 S.Ct. 1386 (2018) :: 2142, 2150 Javed v. Holder, 715 F.3d 391 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 786, 804, 806, Jesus Covenant Church, 2008-PER-200 (Sept. 14, 2009) :: 1624 1039 Jesus Covenant Church, 2014-PER-664 (Aug. 13, 2018) :: 1614, Javhlan v. Holder, 626 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 787, 799, 846 1616, 1618 Javier v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 826 F.3d 127 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 134 Jeudy v. Holder, 768 F.3d 595 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1748, 1753, Jawad v. Holder, 686 F.3d 400 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1779 2081, 2117, 2120 Jay v. Boyd, 351 U.S. 345 (1956) :: 687, 1451, 2056 Jeune v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 476 F.3d 199 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 149, 309, J-B-N- & S-M-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 208 (BIA 2007) :: 828–29 348 JBR Gourmet Food, 2003-INA-279 (Nov. 18, 2004) :: 1666 Jeune v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 810 F.3d 792 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 838, J-C-, Matter of; ID#251255 (AAO May 12, 2017) :: 1521 870, 1019–20, 1048, 1843, 1995 J & C Automotive, 2011-PER-18 (Aug. 21, 2014) :: 1701 Jezierski v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 886 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 474, 631, J-C-H-F-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 211 (BIA 2018) :: 926, 984–85 635–36, 645 J & C Restaurant, 2012-PER-1786 (Sept. 15, 2016) :: 1650 J-F-F-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 912 (AG 2006) :: 888, 931, 946, JCS Carolina Chipping Servs., LLC, 2018-TLN-105 (Apr. 20, 1816, 1838 2018) :: 1246, 1252 J-G-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 161 (BIA 2013) :: 708, 710, 1872 J.D. v. Azar, 925 F.3d 1291 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 527, 2032, 2103 J-G-D-F-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 82 (BIA 2017) :: 138, 810 J-D-, Matter of; ID# 100146 (AAO Mar. 29, 2017) :: 1537 J-G-P-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 642 (BIA 2019) :: 122, 133 JDA Software, Inc., 2011-PER-2661 (Sept. 27, 2012) :: 1637 Jhaveri Diamond Corp., 1994-INA-621 (Apr. 12, 1996) :: 1702 J.D.B., In re (Sealed); 335 F.Supp.3d 224 (D.P.R. 2018) :: 540 J-H-J-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 563 (BIA 2015) :: 74, 226–27, Jean, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 373 (AG 2002), aff'd, Jean v. Gon- 1477, 1787 zales, 452 F.3d 392 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 134, 221, 226, 367, See also E.W. Rodriguez, Matter of 458, 867, 882, 889, 892–94, 931–32, 947, 1007, 1060, J-H-S-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 196 (BIA 2007) :: 1024, 1027 1062, 1805, 1816, 1819, 1824, 1837, 2073 Jian v. INS, 28 F.3d 256 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 584 Jean v. Dorelien, 431 F.3d 776 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 2148, 2150 Jiang v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 649 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 276, 1479 Jean v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 475 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 590, 595, 1898, Jiang v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 1905, 1935, 1973 Jiang v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 992 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 799, 995, 1012 Jean v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 87 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 Jiang v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 936, 1026 Jean; INS Commissioner v., 496 U.S. 154 (1990) :: 2165, 2169– Jiang v. Houseman, 904 F.Supp. 971 (D. Minn. 1995) :: 589, 595, 70, 2178 631, 639, 1839 Jean v. Nelson, 472 U.S. 846 (1985) :: 40–41, 44, 258–59, 778, Jiang v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 266 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 632 2051, 2103, 2115 Jiang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 568 F.3d 1252 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1037, Jean v. Nelson, 727 F.2d 957 (11th Cir. 1984) (en banc), aff'd, 1876 472 U.S. 846 (1985) :: 38, 40–41, 44, 258–59, 778, 927, Jiang Lu v. ICE, 22 F.Supp.3d 839 (N.D. Ohio 2014) :: 752 939–41, 1051, 1916, 2003, 2051, 2103, 2115 Jian He Zhang v. Holder, 737 F.3d501, 505-06 (8th Cir. 2013) :: see also Louis v. Nelson 989 Jean v. Nelson, 863 F.2d 759 (11th Cir. 1988) :: 2169–71, 2176– Jian Hui Shao v. BIA, 465 F.3d 497 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 999, 2096 78 Jian Hui Shao v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 138 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 964, Jean-Baptiste v. Reno, 144 F.3d 212 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 1982 1025 Jean-Baptiste; U.S. v., 395 F.3d 1190 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 2076, Jian Le Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 681 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 2299, 2324 1863, 2110 Jean-Charles v. Perlitz, 937 F.Supp.2d 276 (D. Conn. 2013) :: Jianli Chen v. Holder, 703 F.3d 17 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 974, 985, 2149 997, 1024 Jean-Joseph, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 294 (BIA 2007) :: 658–59 Jian Qiu Liu v. Holder, 632 F.3d 820 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 992 Jean-Louis v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 582 F.3d 462 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 126– Jian Tao Lin v. Holder, 611 F.3d 228 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 983, 992, 28, 130, 134, 356 994 Jean-Pierre v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 500 F.3d 1315 (11th Cir. 2007) :: Jiao Hua Huang v. Holder, 620 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 985 883, 1898, 1903, 1906, 1935 Jibril v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 990 Jeanty v. Bulger, 204 F.Supp.2d 1366 (S.D. Fla. 2002), aff'd sub Ji Cheng Ni v. Holder, 715 F.3d 620 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 963, 970, nom. Moise v. Bulger, 321 F.3d 1336 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 1026, 1875, 2045 259, 1923, 1932 Jideonwo v. INS, 224 F.3d 692 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 2122 Jeffries & Co., 2002-INA-48 (Mar. 14, 2002) :: 1670 Jie Cui v. Holder, 712 F.3d 1332 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1003 J.E.F.M. v. Holder, 107 F.Supp.3d 1119 (W.D. Wash. 2015) :: Jie Fang v. Director, ICE, 935 F.3d 172 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 1142, 704 1918 J.E.F.M. v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 704, 1909, Jie Si Liu v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 834 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 953 1913, 1915–16, 1991 J&I Inc., 2012-PER-1825 (Jan. 8, 2016) :: 1652 Jefrey v. INS, 710 F.Supp. 486 (S.D.N.Y. 1989) :: 1950, 2172 Jilin Pharmaceutical USA, Inc. v. Chertoff, 447 F.3d 196 (3d Cir. J.E. Liesfield Contractor, Inc., 2008-INA-21 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 2006) :: 1456, 1962 1668 Jima v. Barr, 942 F.3d 468 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 320 Jenkins; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 743 (Mar. 24, 1995), aff'd, Jenkins Jimenez v. Cronen, 317 F.Supp.3d 626 (D. Mass. 2018) :: 751 v. INS, 108 F.3d 195 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 2184, 2213, 2222 Jimenez v. GLK Foods LLC, Nos. 12-CV-209 & -210, 2016 WL Jennifer P. Hills, 2008-INA-19 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1664 2997498 (E.D. Wis. May 23, 2016) :: 2248 Jennings v. Rodriguez, 583 U.S. __, 138 S.Ct. 830 (2018), rev'g Jimenez v. Nielsen, 334 F.Supp.3d 370 (D. Mass. 2018) :: 167, Rodriguez v. Robbins, 804 F.3d 1060 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 45, 1896, 1901, 1912, 1933, 1983 246, 253, 256, 260, 518, 520–21, 529–30, 545, 564, 760, Jimenez v. Sessions, 893 F.3d 704 (10th Cir. 2018) :: 125, 140, 762, 942, 1912, 1954–55, 2062, 2103–4, 2107, 2115 351, 1869 Jennings v. Stephens, 574 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 793 (2015) :: 1823 Jimenez; U.S. v., 921 F.Supp. 1054 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 421 Jeong Seon Han v. Lynch, 223 F.Supp.3d 95 (D.D.C. 2016) :: Jimenez-Alcala; U.S. v., 353 F.3d 858 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 573 1339 Jimenez-Angeles v. Ashcroft, 291 F.3d 594 (9th Cir. 2002) :: Jerez v. Republic of Cuba, 964 F.Supp.2d 52 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 1782, 1982, 2122 2156 Jimenez-Borja; U.S. v., 378 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 406, 418 Jerezano v. INS, 169 F.3d 613 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 721–22 Jimenez-Cedillo, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 2017) :: 129, 137 2526 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Jimenez-Cedillo, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 782 (BIA 2020) :: 124, Johns v. Holder, 678 F.3d 404 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 1395, 1402, 129, 137, 299 1897, 1904, 1962, 1968 Jimenez-Cedillo v. Sessions, 885 F.3d 292 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 129, Johns Hopkins Health Sys. Corp., 2012-PER-1751 (Feb. 2, 2016) 137, 2054 :: 1655, 1657 Jimenez-Elvirez; U.S. v., 862 F.3d 527 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 429 Johnson v. Ashcroft, 286 F.3d 696 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 1034, 1834, Jimenez-Galicia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 690 F.3d 1207 (11th Cir. 2055 2012) :: 1779 Johnson v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 164 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 568, 646, Jimenez-Gonzalez v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 557 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1833, 1939, 2038, 2091 318, 326 Johnson v. City of Shelby, Miss., 135 S.Ct. 346 (2014) :: 2124 Jimenez-Guzman v. Holder, 642 F.3d 1294 (10th Cir. 2011) :: Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763 (1950) :: 42 387, 595–96 Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, 488 F.2d 714 (5th Cir. Jimenez-Juarez v. Holder, 635 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 298 1974) :: 2178 Jimenez-Lopez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 738 (BIA 1993) :: 276 Johnson v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 205 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 2168, 2171, Jimenez-Morales v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 821 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2177 2016) :: 742, 745, 929, 1902, 1911, 1989, 2060, 2087 Johnson v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 795 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1754, 1869 Jimenez Moreno v. Napolitano, 2012 WL 5995820 (N.D. Ill. Nov. Johnson v. Holder, 564 F.3d 95 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 2066 30, 2012) :: 537 Johnson v. ICE, 960 F.Supp.2d 347 (D.P.R. 2013) :: 1939 Jimenez-Perez; U.S. v., 659 F.3d 704 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 389 Johnson v. INS, 962 F.2d 579 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 1795 Jimmy Crystal (New York) Co., Ltd., 2010-PER-1023 (Oct. 27, Johnson v. INS, 971 F.2d 340 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 294, 674 2010) :: 1693 Johnson v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 403 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1905, 1963 Jinan Chen v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 40 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 789, 1024 Johnson v. Progressive Roofing, 12 OCAHO no. 1295 (Jan. 6, Jin Jin Long v. Holder, 620 F.3d 162 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 795, 807 2017) :: 2260 Jin Qing Wu v. Holder, 705 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1483, 1994 Johnson v. Robinson, 415 U.S. 361 (1974) :: 1991 Jin Yi Liao v. Holder, 538 F.3d 152 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 853–54 Johnson v. University College, 706 F.2d 1205 (11th Cir. 1983) :: Jiong Wang v. Chertoff, 632 F.Supp.2d 211 (W.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2179 1952 Johnson v. U.S., 135 S.Ct. 2551 (2015) :: 455 Jishiashvili v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 402 F.3d 386 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 994 Johnson v. U.S., 559 U.S. 133 (2010) :: 298, 317, 321, 324, 359, J-J-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 976 (BIA 1997) :: 1820, 1865, 1868, 2107 1873 Johnson v. U.S., 576 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 2551 (2015) :: 320, 353, J-J-G-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 808 (BIA 2020) :: 1771–72 2124–25 J-J-L-, Matter of; ID#11654 (AAO Mar. 30, 2016) :: 641 Johnson v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 602 F.3d 508 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1768 J.J.L.C., Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 154 (Apr. 13, 1990) :: 2220 Johnson; U.S. v., 391 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 412 JJR Mexican Grill, Inc. d/b/a JJ Café, 2008-PER-132 (Jan. 5, Johnson; U.S. v., 529 U.S. 53 (2000) :: 2110 2009) :: 1623, 1640 Johnson; U.S. v., 773 F.Supp. 114 (N.D. Ill. 1991), aff'd on other JK Partners, Inc., 2014-PER-25 (Feb. 19, 2020) :: 1695 grounds, 962 F.2d 579 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 396, 1720 J.L. v. Cissna, 374 F.Supp.3d 855 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 1553, 1922 Johnson; U.S. v., 877 F.3d 993 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 446 J.L. v. Cuccinelli, No. 18-cv-04914 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 14, 2020) :: Johnson v. Whitehead, 647 F.3d 120 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 568, 1895, 2106 2285, 2336 J.M. Acosta, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 420 (BIA 2018) :: 144, 381 Johnson, Johnson & Roy, Inc., 1994-INA-504 (July 13, 1994) :: J.M. Alvarado, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 27 (BIA 2017) :: 781 1665 J-M-F-M-, Matter of; ID# 14385 (AAO Nov. 10, 2015) (VSC) :: Johnson-Laird, Inc. v. INS, 537 F.Supp. 52 (D. Or. 1981) :: 1281, 1359 1284 JMK Racing Stables, 2012-PER-219 (Apr. 11, 2013) :: 1645 Johnson, Lane & Gallagher v. Secretary of Labor (W.D. Wash. J-M-Y-, Matter of; No. 10824 (AAO Oct. 23, 2015) (TSC) :: 1468 1985) :: 1675, 1714 JM Youth Corp., 2011-PER-1398 (Dec. 26, 2012) :: 1631 John Stewart Downing Family Trust, 2010-TLC-4 (Dec. 1, 2009) :: JN Distributor, 2003-INA-242 (Nov. 30, 2004) :: 1672 1232, 1236 Jo v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 883 Jomaa v. U.S., 940 F.3d 291 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 1418–19, 1456 Joan M. Bugajski-Lang, 2007-PER-79 (Dec. 17, 2007) :: 1613 Jonaitiene v. Holder, 660 F.3d 267 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 587, 816, Joaquin-Porras v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 73, 823, 826, 1831 861, 1018, 1044, 1492, 2076 Jonel, Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 967 (1997) :: 2196 Jobe v. INS, 238 F.3d 96 (1st Cir. 2001) (en banc) :: 709 Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 265 Jobson v. Ashcroft, 326 F.3d 367 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 319, 326 Jones v. City of Columbus, GA, 120 F.3d 248 (11th Cir. 1997) :: Joe Gomez, Jr. d/b/a Tejas Workforce Connection, 2015-TAE-14 2123 (Nov. 9, 2016) :: 1232 Jones v. Cunningham, 371 U.S. 236 (1963) :: 1937 Jogi v. Voges, 480 F.3d 822 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 432, 736, 2108, Jones v. DeWitt Nursing Home, 1 OCAHO no. 189 (June 29, 2130, 2161 1990) :: 2275 John Doe Agency v. John Doe Corp., 493 U.S. 146 (1989) :: 607 Jones v. DHS, 325 F.Supp.2d 551 (E.D. Pa. 2004) :: 574, 1939, John Doe I v. Meese, 690 F.Supp. 1572 (S.D. Tex. 1988) :: 2336 2103–4, 2243 Jones v. DOJ, 653 F.Supp.2d 46 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 618 John Doe No. 1 v. Georgia Dep't of Pub. Safety, 147 F.Supp.2d Jones v. Espy, 10 F.3d 690 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 2176, 2179 1369 (N.D. Ga. 2001) :: 41 Jones v. Flowers, 547 U.S. 220 (2006) :: 718, 2171 John E. Barry Plumbing & Heating Corp., 2009-PER-257 (Sept. 2, Jones v. Lujan, 883 F.2d 1031 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 2167 2009) :: 1633 Jones; U.S. v., 125 F.3d 1418 (11th Cir. 1997) :: 2170 John E. Richardson, Jr., Inc., 2010-PER-1014 (Aug. 29, 2011) :: Jones; U.S. v., 149 F.3d 364 (5th Cir. 1998) :: 493, 502 1611 Jones; U.S. v., 906 F.3d 1325 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 318, 322 John Lehne & Sons, 1989-INA-267, 1989-INA-313 (May 1, 1992) Jong Ha Wang v. INS, 622 F.2d 1341 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 1734 :: 1683 Joo v. INS, 813 F.2d 211 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 724, 1828, 2001 Johnman U.S.A. Inc. d/b/a Karaoke Champ, 2012-PER-3149 J.O.P. v. DHS, 409 F.Supp.3d 367 (D. Md. 2019) :: 1555, 1922 (Oct. 21, 2016) :: 1685 Joram Rosenfeld, 1999-INA-158 (Jan. 6, 2000) :: 1658 Johnny's Famous Reef Restaurant, 1996-INA-135 (Oct. 27, 1997) Jordan v. Ashcroft, 296 F.Supp.2d 249 (D. Conn. 2003) :: 1944 :: 1665 Jordan v. De George, 341 U.S. 223 (1951) :: 120, 123, 143, 467, John Peroulis & Sons Sheep, Inc., 2012-TAE-6, ARB No. 2013- 2041, 2125 0083 (ARB June 16, 2015) :: 1238 Jordan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 424 F.3d 320 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 2285, John Roe I v. Bridgestone Corp., 492 F.Supp.2d 988 (S.D. Ind. 2288 2007) :: 2144 Jordison v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 1134 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 324 Johns v. DOJ, 653 F.2d 884 (5th Cir. 1981) :: 1945 Jorge-Tzoc v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 146 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 936, 963, 1006, 1026, 1039 TABLE OF CASES 2527

Jorgji v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 846, 1044 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DHS, 598 F.Supp.2d 93 (D.D.C. 2009) :: Joseph, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 660 (BIA 1999) :: 253, 261, 543, 609 1955 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DHS, 736 F.Supp.2d 202 (D.D.C. 2010) :: Joseph, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 799 (BIA 1999) :: 543 614 Joseph v. Holder, 579 F.3d 827 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1873, 1903, Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DHS, 841 F.Supp.2d 142 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 2072 609 Joseph v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1235 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 520, 686, 989, Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DHS, 857 F.Supp.2d 129 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 996 600, 604 Joseph v. Holder, 720 F.3d 228 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 2285 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DOJ, 898 F.Supp.2d 93 (D.D.C. 2012) :: Joseph v. Landon, 679 F.2d 113 (7th Cir. 1982) :: 1809 617 Joseph v. Lynch, 793 F.3d 739 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1865, 1884 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DOS, 285 F.Supp.3d 249 (D.D.C. 2018) :: Joseph v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 421 F.3d 224 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 574, 609 1895 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DOS, 650 F.Supp.2d 28 (D.D.C. 2009) :: Joseph v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 465 F.3d 123 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 315 614, 1085 Joseph F. Risoli P.E., LLC v. Johnson, 274 F.Supp.3d 88 (D. Judicial Watch, Inc. v. Kerry, 844 F.3d 952 (D.C. Cir. 2016) :: 628, Conn. 2017) :: 1416–17 1927 Jose's Mexican Grill & Cantina, 2012-PER-1719 (Aug. 2, 2016) :: Judulang v. Chertoff, 535 F.Supp.2d 1129 (S.D. Cal. 2008) :: 531, 1648 754 Joshi v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 732 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 709–10, 714, Judulang v. Chertoff, 562 F.Supp.2d 1119 (S.D. Cal. 2008) :: 261, 1880, 1884 530, 549 Joubert v. Barnhart, 396 F.Supp.2d 1320 (S.D. Fla. 2005) :: 1510 Judulang v. Holder, 565 U.S. 42 (2011) :: 40, 201, 296, 1724, Joumaa v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 244 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1865, 1879, 1755, 1757, 1759, 1925, 2052, 2061, 2081 1999 Jula888, LLC d/b/a Para Tacos La Chilanga; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO Journal v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 no. 1286 (Aug. 15, 2016) :: 2213, 2217, 2225, 2228, 2232 Jovic v. L-3 Servs., Inc., 69 F.Supp.3d 750 (N.D. Ill. 2014) :: Julmiste v. Ashcroft, 212 F.Supp.2d 341 (D.N.J. 2002) :: 932 2146–47 Juniper Networks, 2011-PER-841 (Sept. 20, 2012) :: 1634 Joya-Martinez; U.S. v., 947 F.2d 1141 (4th Cir. 1991) :: 402 Junming Li v. Holder, 656 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2011), overruled in Joyful Manor, 2001-INA-157 (Mar. 27, 2002) :: 1700 part on other grounds by Abdisalan v. Holder, 774 F.3d 517 Joyner; U.S. v., 882 F.3d 1369 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 318, 323 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc) :: 867 J-P-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 33 (BIA 1998) :: 720, 722 Jun Ying Wang v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 993 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 834 JP Morgan Chase & Co., 2011-PER-635 (Mar. 27, 2012) :: 1652 Jupiter v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 487 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 478, 1726, JP Morgan Chase & Co., 2011-PER-635 (Sept. 13, 2012) :: 1713 1865 JP Morgan Chase & Co., 2011-PER-1000 (July 16, 2012) :: 1677 Jurado, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 29 (BIA 2006) :: 121, 139, 141, JP Morgan Chase & Co., 2012-PER-693 (Nov. 18, 2015) :: 1695, 1747–48, 1750 1700 Jurado-Delgado, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 29 (BIA 2006) :: 139 JP Morgan Chase & Co., 2016-PER-21 (Aug. 21, 2019) :: 1648, Jurado-Gutierrez v. Greene, 190 F.3d 1135 (10th Cir. 1999) :: 1675 482 J-R-G-P-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 482 (BIA 2018) :: 882 Just Bagels Mfg. Inc. v. Mayorkas, 900 F.Supp.2d 363 (S.D.N.Y. J-R-R-A-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 609 (BIA 2015) :: 706 2012) :: 1606–7 J & R Technical Servs., 2010-PER-74 (July 20, 2010) :: 1681 Justice, Department of (DOJ), see other party J.R. Velasquez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 680 (BIA 2012) :: 650, Justiz-Cepero v. INS, 882 F.Supp. 1582 (D. Kan. 1995) :: 512 677, 680 Jutus v. Holder, 723 F.3d 105 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 833, 1022 J-S-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 520 (AG 2008) :: 1026, 2118 J-W-S-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 185 (BIA 2007), aff'd, 546 F.3d J-S-, Matter of; ID# 1156595 (AAO May 11, 2018) :: 1538 138 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1025 JSF Enterprises, 2015-TLC-9 (Jan. 22, 2015) :: 1230 J-Y-C-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 260 (BIA 2007) :: 971, 1841 J.S.R. by and through J.S.G. v. Sessions, 330 F.Supp.3d 731 (D. Conn. 2018) :: 473, 526 K J-S-S-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 679 (BIA 2015) :: 705 J&S Serv. Station of Glen Cove, Inc., 2011-PER-2979 (Feb. 27, K-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 90 (BIA 1944) :: 139–40 2014) :: 1611 K-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 48 (BIA 1947) :: 287 J.T. Inc. d/b/a 7-Eleven, 2012-PER-1472 (May 3, 2016) :: 1625 K-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 108 (CO 1950) :: 122 Juan Antonio v. Barr, 959 F.3d 778 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 800, 820, K-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 594 (BIA 1957) :: 120, 147, 679, 2298 837, 845, 931, 1019, 1040 K-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 121 (BIA 1960) :: 391 Juarez, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 664 (BIA 1988) :: 873 K-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 418 (BIA 1991) :: 1818 Juarez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 340 (BIA 1991) :: 578 K-A-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 661 (BIA 2004) :: 221, 1062, 1805 Juarez v. DOJ, 518 F.3d 54 (D.C. Cir. 2008) :: 612, 618 K-A-, Matter of; ID# 77437 (AAO Dec. 27, 2016) :: 1537 Juarez v. Holder, 599 F.3d 560 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 589, 596, 660 Kaba v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 741 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 982 Juarez v. INS, 732 F.2d 58 (6th Cir. 1984) :: 2039 Kabba v. Mukasey, 530 F.3d 1239 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 1837 Juarez v. Northwestern Mutual Life Ins. Co., Inc., 69 F.Supp.3d Kabenga v. Holder, 76 F.Supp.3d 480 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 248, 364 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 2131 1907, 1946, 1984, 2089, 2102 Juarez; U.S. v., 672 F.3d 381 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 404, 634, 2284 Kabongo v. INS, 837 F.2d 753 (6th Cir. 1988) :: 141, 143 Juarez Chilel v. Holder, 779 F.3d 850 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 817, 886 Kachina Country Day Sch., 1998-INA-14 (Aug. 19, 1998) :: 1677 Juarez-Coronado v. Barr, 919 F.3d 1085 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 801 Kaczmarczyk v. INS, 933 F.2d 588 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1740, 1848 Juarez-Duarte; U.S. v., 513 F.3d 204 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 453 Kada v. Barr, 946 F.3d 960 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 633, 638–39, 1037, Juarez-Ramos v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 509 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 247, 1860 1766, 1770 Kadem; U.S. v., 317 F.Supp.2d 239 (W.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 671 Juarez-Torres; U.S. v., 441 F.Supp.2d 1108 (D.N.M. 2006) :: 488, Kadia v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 817 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 973, 977, 995 493 Kadia v. Holder, 557 F.3d 464 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1041, 1839–40, Jubilado v. INS, 819 F.2d 210 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 76 1846, 2062–63 Judicial Watch v. DHS, 880 F.Supp.2d 105 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 614 Kadic v. Karadzic, 70 F.3d 232 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 2142, 2149 Judicial Watch v. DHS, 926 F.Supp.2d 121 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 610, Kadirov v. Beers, 71 F.Supp.3d 519 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 571, 2290 616 Kadri v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 792, 819, 1020 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. Bureau of Land Mgmt., 562 F.Supp.2d 159 Kaganovich v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1062, (D.D.C. 2008) :: 2179 1996 Judicial Watch, Inc. v. DHS, 59 F.Supp.3d 184 (D.D.C. 2014) :: Kahani v. Secretary of State, 700 F.Supp. 1162 (D.D.C. 1988) :: 606, 613 2328 Kaharudin v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 619 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 848 2528 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Kahn v. INS, 36 F.3d 1412 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 1759 Kapcia v. INS, 944 F.2d 702 (10th Cir. 1991) :: 1048 Kaho v. Ilchert, 765 F.2d 877 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1382, 2041 Kaplan v. Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran, 896 F.3d 501 Kahy, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 803 (BIA 1988) :: 1417–18 (D.C. Cir. 2018) :: 2153 Kairys v. INS, 981 F.2d 937 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 724 Kaplan v. Chertoff, 481 F.Supp.2d 370 (E.D. Pa. 2007) :: 1511, Kaiser v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 653 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 846, 850 1929 Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics Corp., Matter of; CSC, A75-653- Kaplan v. Chertoff, No. 06-5304 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 5, 2008) :: 1511 615 (AAO Mar. 28, 2003) :: 1534 Kaplun v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 602 F.3d 260 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 335, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. v. Bonjorno, 493 U.S. 974 363, 873, 889, 894, 1035, 1836 (1990) :: 2119 Karageorgious v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 152 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1782, Kaita v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 522 F.3d 288 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 976, 993 2122 Kalal v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 948 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1331, 1474, Karaj v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 113 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 947, 1996 1481, 1495 Karam Kaur Khasriya LLC d/b/a Zip Mart, 2012-PER-2304 (July Kalaw v. INS, 133 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1969 14, 2016) :: 1617, 1644, 1707 Kalejs v. INS, 10 F.3d 441 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 282 Karaouni; U.S. v., 379 F.3d 1139 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 184, 283, Kalezic v. INS, 647 F.2d 920 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 1789 2199, 2339 Kalil v. Utica City Sch. District, 9 OCAHO no. 1103 (2003) :: 2275 Karapetian v. INS, 162 F.3d 933 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 1013, 2056 Kalilu v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 1215 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 276, 919–20, Karapetyan v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 588, 1479, 1825 669, 786, 958, 1031, 1041 Kaliski v. District Director, 620 F.2d 214 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 1376 Karen C., In re; 973 N.Y.S.2d 810 (App. Div. 2d Dep't 2013) :: Kalitani v. Ashcroft, 340 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 974 1552 Kalkouli v. Ashcroft, 282 F.3d 202 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 1962 Kareva v. U.S., 9 F.Supp.3d 838 (S.D. Ohio 2014) :: 2134–35 Ka Lok Lau v. Holder, 880 F.Supp.2d 276 (D. Mass. 2012) :: Karim, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 417 (BIA 1973) :: 1408 2304 Karim v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 109 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 650, 1741 Kalouma v. Gonzales, 512 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 669 Karim v. Holder, 596 F.3d 893 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 843 Kalu; U.S. v., 791 F.3d 1194 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 436 Karimi v. Holder, 715 F.3d 561 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 324, 359, 364, Kalubi v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1134 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 867, 1050 684, 2097 Kalven Technologies, Inc., 2015-PER-183 (Jan. 10, 2019) :: 1634 Karimijanaki v. Holder, 579 F.3d 710 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1502–3, Kalyta v. Verna Prods., Inc., 2011 WL 996168 (D.N.J. Mar. 17, 2287 2011) :: 2253 Karina's Bakery, 2003-INA-199 (Aug. 4, 2004) :: 1700 Kamagate v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 144 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 338, 341, Karingithi v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 1158 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 555, 577 345, 2030, 2038 Kariuki v. Tarango, 709 F.3d 495 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 725, 2302, Kamal v. Gonzales, 547 F.Supp.2d 869 (N.D. Ill. 2008) :: 1948 2331 Kamalthas v. INS, 251 F.3d 1279 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 889, 932, 991, Karki v. Holder, 715 F.3d 792 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 788, 794, 830– 1038 31, 885, 1042, 1050 Kamalyan v. Holder, 620 F.3d 1054 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 841–42, 967 Karl Storz Endoscopy-America, 2011-PER-40 (Dec. 1, 2011) (en Kamar v. Sessions, 875 F.3d 811 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 800, 802, 827, banc) :: 1680, 1712 884, 1019, 1040 Karma Hospitality, 2016-PER-64 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1631, 1698 Kamara v. INS, 149 F.3d 904 (8th Cir. 1998) :: 717 Karmali v. INS, 707 F.2d 408 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 1282, 1915 Kamara v. Lynch, 786 F.3d 420 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 2285 Karnival Fashion, Inc.; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 783 (Aug. 21, 1995) Kamara v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 420 F.3d 202 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 473, :: 2217 570, 889, 908, 946, 1030, 1037, 1050, 1844, 1898, 1903, Karnuth v. U.S. ex rel. Arbro, 279 U.S. 231 (1929) :: 1121 1926, 1933 Kar Onn Lee v. Holder, 701 F.3d 931 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 1483, 2073 Kambolli v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 454 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1814 Karouni v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 819, 952, Kamheangpatiyooth v. INS, 597 F.2d 1253 (9th Cir. 1979) :: 1781 1014, 1016, 1020, 1022 Kam Kuo Foods Corp., 1992-INA-395 (Oct. 23, 1993) :: 1702 Karroumeh v. Lynch, 820 F.3d 890 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 469, 662, Kanacevic v. INS, 448 F.3d 129 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 936, 985, 999, 674, 1722 1036, 1114 Kartasheva v. Holder, 582 F.3d 96 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 960, 976, Kanagasundram, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 963 (BIA 1999) :: 245, 981, 983 935, 1114 Kashamu v. Lynch, 142 F.Supp.3d 695 (N.D. Ill. 2015) :: 461, Kandamar v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 43–44, 486, 881, 1956 566, 1741, 1983 Kashani v. Nelson, 793 F.2d 818 (7th Cir. 1986) :: 927, 1051, Kane, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 258 (BIA 1975) :: 1501 2000 Kane v. Holder, 581 F.3d 231 (5th Cir. 2009), aff'g Matter of A-K-, Kashani v. Shultz, 653 F.Supp. 1486 (E.D.N.Y. 1987) :: 2328 24 I&N Dec. 275 (BIA 2007) :: 650, 688, 725, 776, 870, Kashef v. BNP Paribas SA, 316 F.Supp.3d 770 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 938, 963, 1007, 1834, 2058, 2097 2145 Kaneda, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 677 (BIA 1979) :: 384 Kashem v. Barr, 941 F.3d 358 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 235 Kang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 611 F.3d 157 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 891, 2097 Kashkool v. Chertoff, 553 F.Supp.2d 1131 (D. Ariz. 2008) :: 1928, Kanga, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1206 (BIA 2000) :: 183 1948, 1970, 1977 Kangu v. Holder, 781 F.3d 912 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 844 Kasica v. DHS, 660 F.Supp.2d 277 (D. Conn. 2009) :: 2330 Kanivets v. Riley, 286 F.Supp.2d 460 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 967, Kasinga, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 357 (BIA 1996) :: 797, 803, 820, 1937, 1987 832, 850, 990, 1020, 1833 Kanivets v. Riley, 320 F.Supp.2d 297 (E.D. Pa. 2004) :: 967, Kasneci v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 202 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 999 1011, 1987 Kasnecovic v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 812 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 986, Kankamalage v. INS, 335 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 865, 867, 1003, 1814, 2066 2119 Kassama v. DHS, 553 F.Supp.2d 301 (W.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 753 Kansas v. Garcia, 140 S.Ct. 791 (2020) :: 52, 2188, 2237 Kassar; U.S. v., 47 F.3d 562 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 460 Kansas City Repertory Theatre, Inc., 2016-PER-389 (June 26, Kassas, Petition for Naturalization of; 788 F.Supp. 993 (M.D. 2018) :: 1616 Tenn. 1992) :: 2304 Kante v. Holder, 634 F.3d 321 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 816, 825, 1000, Kassim v. Barr, 954 F.3d 1138 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 888 1018–19 Kastigar v. U.S., 406 U.S. 441 (1972) :: 670 Kantengwa; U.S. v., 781 F.3d 545 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 438, 568, Kastnerova v. U.S., 365 F.3d 980 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 907 724, 1005 Kata v. Att'y Gen of U.S., 522 F.3d 288 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 979 Kantoni v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 894 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 787, 1017, Kataria v. INS, 232 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 842, 950 1049 Katebi v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 463 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1503 Kantor v. Pompeo, 400 F.Supp.3d 464 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 1161 Katigbak, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 45 (RC 1971) :: 1448, 1536, Kanyi v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 1087 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 709 1538, 1596, 1604 Kao & Lin, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 45 (BIA 2001) :: 230, 1771 Katkhordeh; U.S. v., 477 F.3d 624 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 435 TABLE OF CASES 2529

Katsis v. INS, 997 F.2d 1067 (3d Cir. 1993) :: 1867 Kellici v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 416 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1900–1901 Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967) :: 501 Kellman v. District Director, 750 F.Supp. 625 (S.D.N.Y. 1990) :: Kaufman v. Holder, 524 F.3d 1334 (D.C. Cir. 2008) :: 2328 541 Kaufman v. Holder, 686 F.Supp.2d 40 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 1919, Kelly, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 446 (BIA 2008) :: 1838 2328 Kelly v. Farquharson, 256 F.Supp.2d 93 (D. Mass. 2003) :: 479, Kaufman v. Johnson, 170 F.Supp.3d 71 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 2328 2008 Kaufman v. Nielsen, 896 F.3d 475 (D.C. Cir. 2018) :: 2328 Kelly v. Robinson, 479 U.S. 36 (1986) :: 2115 Kaufmann v. Holder, 759 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 331 Kelly v. U.S. Postal Serv., 492 F.Supp. 121 (S.D. Ohio 1980) :: Kaur v. Ashcroft, 379 F.3d 876 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 957, 960, 978, 2010 986, 990, 997 Kelly; U.S. v., 888 F.2d 732 (11th Cir. 1989) :: 726 Kaur v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 734 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 471, 661, 1004 Kelso v. DOS, 13 F.Supp.2d 12 (D.D.C. 1998) :: 2318 Kaur v. BIA, 413 F.3d 232 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1859 Kendall v. INS, 261 F.Supp.2d 296 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 537 Kaur v. Chertoff, 489 F.Supp.2d 52 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 1952 Kendall v. Mooney, 273 F.Supp.2d 216 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 329, Kaur v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 987, 1003 2011 Kaur v. Holder, 561 F.3d 957 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 471, 687, 927, Kendrick; U.S. v., 682 F.3d 974 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 430 1032, 1450, 2038, 2091 Kenkhuis v. INS, No. Civ.A. 301CV2224N, 2003 WL 22124059 Kaur v. INS, 237 F.3d 1098 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 618 (W.D. Tex. Mar. 7, 2003) :: 1567 Kausal v. Educational Products Info. Exchange Inst., 105 A.D.3d Kennametal, Inc., 2010-PER-1512 (Mar. 27, 2012) :: 1650, 1697– 909 (S.Ct. App. Div. N.Y. 2013) :: 2252 98, 1711 Kavafoglu v. Nielsen, No. 4:18-CV-3512, 2019 WL 172865 (S.D. Kennedy, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 242 (BIA 1969) :: 277, 1829 Tex. Jan. 11, 2019) :: 922, 1468 Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144 (1963) :: 2322 Kavasji v. INS, 675 F.2d 236 (7th Cir. 1982) :: 1914 Kennedy; U.S. v., 881 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 127 Kavazanjian; U.S. v., 623 F.2d 730 (1st Cir. 1980) :: 68 Kenneth McPeek Racing Stables, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. Kawai v. Uacearnaigh, 249 F.Supp.3d 821 (D.S.C. 2017) :: 115 1249 (Apr. 21, 2015) :: 2226 Kawakita v. U.S., 343 U.S. 717 (1952) :: 2322 Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958) :: 41 Kawasaki, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 864 (DAC 1968) :: 1157 Ken Techs., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2003-LCA-140 (ARB Kawashima v. Holder, 593 F.3d 979 (9th Cir. 2010), aff'd on other Sept. 30, 2004) :: 1201 grounds, 565 U.S. 478 (2012) :: 333, 336–37, 342, 346, Kentrox, Inc., 2012-PER-38 (May 22, 2014) :: 1665, 1711 353, 363, 1754, 2096, 2108 Keo v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 1044 Kaweesa v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 62 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 720 Keo Chan v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 161 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1865, Kay v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 664 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 711, 721, 1032, 2090 1034, 1888 Kepilino v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 151 Kay v. Ehrler, 499 U.S. 432 (1991) :: 2167, 2179–80 Kerciku v. INS, 314 F.3d 913 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 470, 661, 1004 Kayembe v. Ashcroft, 334 F.3d 231 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 965, 1038, Kerry v. Din, 576 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 2128 (2015), plurality vacat- 1840, 1844 ing on other grounds 718 F.3d 856 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 44, Kay Mays, 2008-PER-11 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1612 209, 1077, 1462, 2012–13, 2024, 2051 Kayok Corp., 2009-PER-126 (BALCA June 23, 2009) :: 1632 Kessler v. Strecker, 307 U.S. 22 (1939) :: 1935 Kayrouz v. Ashcroft, 261 F.Supp.2d 760 (E.D. Ky. 2003) :: 310 Ketchikan Drywall Servs., Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1139 Kazarian v. USCIS, 580 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 2063 (Aug. 11, 2011), aff'd, 725 F.3d 1103 (9th Cir. 2013) :: Kazarian v. USCIS, 596 F.3d 1115 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1520–22, 2079, 2189–90, 2194, 2212, 2215–20, 2225–28, 2232 1524 Keungne v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 561 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2009) :: Kazazi v. CBP, 376 F.Supp.3d 781 (N.D. Ohio 2019) :: 431 130, 133 Kazemi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 49 (BIA 1984) :: 223, 272 Kevin Limanseto v. Ganze & Co., 2011-LCA-5 (June 30, 2011) :: Kazemzadeh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 577 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1199, 1201 789, 846, 973, 1011 Keyte, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 158 (BIA 1990) :: 277, 1829 K-C-B-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 374 (BIA 1954) :: 97 KFI, Inc., 2009-PER-288 (Aug. 25, 2009) :: 1641 K-C-O-, Matter of; ID# 77988 (AAO Mar. 31, 2017) :: 1538 Kforce, Inc., 2013-ER-3022 (May 15, 2019) :: 1634 K.C.P. Food Co., Inc. v. Sava, 623 F.Supp. 1080 (S.D.N.Y. 1985) K.H. v. Barr, 920 F.3d 470 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 802, 844 :: 1605, 1607, 2047 Khadka v. Holder, 618 F.3d 996 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 920 Keaik v. Dedvukay, 557 F.Supp.2d 820 (E.D. Mich. 2008) :: 2301 Khalafala v. Kane, 836 F.Supp.2d 944 (D. Ariz. 2011) :: 547, 751 Keane v. Chertoff, 419 F.Supp.2d 597 (S.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 1930, Khalayleh v. INS, 287 F.3d 978 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 334 1952, 2043 Khalid v. DHS, 1 F.Supp.3d 560 (S.D. Tex. 2014) :: 1975, 2025 Keane, Inc., 2012-PER-315 (Oct. 16, 2014) :: 1623, 1628 Khalid v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 129 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 2112, 2287 Keathley v. Holder, 696 F.3d 644 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 186, 439 Khalifah, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 107 (BIA 1995) :: 516, 519 Kebe v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 855 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1037, 1875 Khalik, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 518 (BIA 1980) :: 140 Kebede v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 808 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 984, 1019 Khalil v. Ashcroft, 337 F.3d 50 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 791, 1013 Kebede v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 562 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 933, 1047 Khalil v. Hazuda, 833 F.3d 463 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1599 Kechichian v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 938, 1043 Khalil v. Napolitano, 983 F.Supp.2d 484 (D.N.J. 2013) :: 1380, Kechkar v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 1080 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 2199 1810 Kedjouti v. Holder, 571 F.3d 718 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 946 Khalil; U.S. v., 857 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 426 Keegan Variety, LLC; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1238 (Dec. 19, Khalili v. Holder, 557 F.3d 429 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 803, 2007 2014) :: 2174, 2221 Khamooshpour v. Holder, 781 F.Supp.2d 888 (D. Ark. 2011) :: Keeley, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 146 (BIA 2017) :: 305 2300 Keeley v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 878 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 305, 2070, Khan, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 122 (BIA 1972) :: 1423 2107 Khan, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 138 (BIA 1977) :: 1304, 1307 Kegeh v. Sessions, 865 F.3d 990 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 1002 Khan, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 797 (BIA 2016) :: 222–23, 1352, Keh Tong Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 546 F.Supp. 1060 (D.D.C. 1356, 1811, 1817 1982) :: 1155 Khan v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 825 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 476, 695 Keirkhavash v. Holder, 779 F.3d 440 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 1001 Khan v. Att'y Gen of U.S., 691 F.3d 488 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1902, Keisler v. Hong Yin Gao, See Gao v. Gonzales (440 F.3d 62) 2060, 2088 Kekich, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 198 (BIA 1984) :: 2328 Khan v. Barber, 253 F.2d 547 (9th Cir. 1958) :: 142 Kelava v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1757 Khan v. DOJ, 494 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1819, 1843, 2114 Keller v. City of Fremont, 719 F.3d 931 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 49, 52 Khan v. Fasano, 194 F.Supp.2d 1134 (S.D. Cal. 2001) :: 753 Kellermann v. Holder, 592 F.3d 700 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 141, 143 Khan v. Fatima, 680 F.3d 781 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 189 Kelley; U.S. v., 712 F.2d 884 (1st Cir. 1983) :: 726 Khan v. Filip, 554 F.3d 681 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1886 Kelley Johnston, 2012-PER-2421 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1650, 1706 Khan v. Gonzales, 481 F.Supp.2d 638 (W.D. Tex. 2006) :: 755 2530 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Khan v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 31 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1857, 1898, Kids 'R' Us, 1989-INA-311 (Jan. 28, 1991) (en banc) :: 1683 1903, 1906, 1999 Kiewit Offshore Servs., 2018-TLN-156-158 (Sept. 6, 2018) :: 1245 Khan v. Holder, 584 F.3d 773 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 195–96, 851–52, Kifleyesus v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 937 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 921 877, 1988 Kilani-Hewitt v. Bukszpan, 130 F.Supp.3d 858 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) :: Khan v. Holder, 608 F.3d 325 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1906, 1984 1929, 1950, 1982 Khan v. Holder, 727 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 802, 838 Kilburn v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 699 F.Supp.2d 136 (D.D.C. Khan v. Holder, 766 F.3d 689 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 194, 196–98, 884 2010) :: 2159 Khan v. INS, 237 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 678, 962 Kilburn v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 376 F.3d Khan v. Johnson, 65 F.Supp.3d 928 (C.D. Cal. 2014) :: 1928 1123 (D.C. Cir. 2004) :: 2158 Khan v. Johnson, 160 F.Supp.3d 1199 (C.D. Cal. 2016) :: 200, Kilpatrick v. Wiley, rein & Fielding, 37 P.3d 1130 (Utah 2001) :: 567, 1061 655 Khan v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 513 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 2048 Kim, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 758 (AC 1968) :: 1532 Khan v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 55 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 669 Kim, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 88 (BIA 1974) :: 230 Khan v. Mukasey, 549 F.3d 573 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 789, 1043 Kim, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 144 (BIA 1979) :: 134, 138 Khan v. Obama, 646 F.Supp.2d 6 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 553 Kim, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 912 (BIA 2017) :: 319, 322 Khan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 448 F.3d 226 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 590, 593, Kim v. Ashcroft, 340 F.Supp.2d 384 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 1915 596, 1486, 1965 Kim v. District Director, 586 F.2d 713 (9th Cir. 1978) :: 1299, 1305 Khan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 691 F.3d 488 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 790, 825, Kim v. Getz, 12 OCAHO no. 1279 (May 9, 2016) :: 2273 1879, 2088 Kim v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 40 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 980, 987, 993 Khan; U.S. v., 324 F.Supp.2d 1177 (D. Colo. 2004) :: 488, 507, Kim v. Holder, 560 F.3d 833 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 76, 78, 672, 1495, 671 1743 Khanani; U.S. v., 502 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 337, 424, 428, Kim v. U.S., 609 F.Supp.2d 499 (D. Md. 2009) :: 2135, 2140 430 Kim v. USCIS, 551 F.Supp.2d 1258 (D. Colo. 2008) :: 1928, 1948 Khanh Nhat Thuy Le v. Holder, 732 F.3d 425 (5th Cir. 2013) :: Kim v. U.S., No. C90-1163 WD (W.D. Wash. 1993) :: 2135 1331, 1372 Kim; U.S. v., 103 F.Supp.3d 32 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 502, 505 Khanon v. Kerry, 37 F.Supp.3d 567 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 172, 2012 Kim; U.S. v., 193 F.3d 567 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 424, 428 Kharaiti Ram Samras v. U.S., 125 F.2d 879 (9th Cir. 1945) :: 37 Kim; U.S. v., 806 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 2167 Kharana v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 1280 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 333 Kimani v. Holder, 695 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 186, 439 Kharkhan v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 601 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 835, 1777, Kim & Bae, P.C., 2012-PER-1067 (Feb. 2, 2016) :: 1708 1972 Kimbrough v. U.S., 552 U.S. 85 (2007) :: 447 Khattak v. Ashcroft, 332 F.3d 250 (4th Cir. 2003) :: 1812, 2122 Kim Ho Ma v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 47 Khattak v. Holder, 704 F.3d 197 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 838, 1028, 1842 Kim & Lee Oriental LLC, 2012-PER-2779 (May 26, 2017) :: 1647 Kheireddine v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 80 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 2048 Kimumwe v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 319 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1020 Khelifa v. Chertoff, 433 F.Supp.2d 836 (E.D. Mich. 2006) :: 2331 Kin v. Holder, 595 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 975, 981 Khem v. Ashcroft, 342 F.3d 51 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 1044 KindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Dev., Inc. v. Geithner, Khilan v. Holder, 557 F.3d 583 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 803 647 F.Supp.2d 857 (N.D. Ohio 2009) :: 204 Khine v. DHS, 943 F.3d 959 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 606 King v. Burwell, 576 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 2480 (2015) :: 1514, Kho v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 50 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 848 2067, 2081, 2107 Khodagholian v. Ashcroft, 335 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 274, King v. Holder, 570 F.3d 785 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 689, 1415, 2062 1502, 2064 King & King Invs., Inc., d/b/a Shell, 2015-PER-458 (Mar. 24, Khodr v. Adduci, 697 F.Supp. 774 (E.D. Mich. 2010) :: 1940 2017) :: 1699 Kholyavskiy v. Achim, 443 F.3d 946 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1940–41 King of Sweets Corp., 2012-PER-1186 (Mar. 10, 2016) :: 1650 Kholyavskiy v. Holder, 561 F.3d 689 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 2172 King's Garden 1 Chinese Restaurant, Inc., 2008-PER-228 (Apr. Kholyavskiy v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 555 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 799, 821, 13, 2009) :: 1684 826, 845 Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 135 S.Ct. 2466 (2015) :: 265 Kholyavskiy v. Schlecht, 479 F.Supp.2d 897 (E.D. Wis. 2007) :: Kingston; U.S. v., 966 F.Supp. 183 (S.D.N.Y. 1997) :: 369 749, 2168, 2172, 2174 King & Yang, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 502 (BIA 1978) :: 492, 670, Khorrami v. Rolince, 493 F.Supp.2d 1061 (N.D. Ill. 2007) :: 550 1338, 2206 Khoshfahm v. Holder, 655 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1502–3 Kinisu v. Holder, 721 F.3d 29 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1395, 1402 Khotesouvan v. Morones, 384 F.3d 1046 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2028 Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 569 U.S. 108 (2013) :: Khotesouvan v. Morones, 386 F.3d 1298 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 750, 2142, 2145, 2150 752 Kiorkis v. Holder, 634 F.3d 924 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1958 Khourassany v. INS, 208 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 791, 2100 Kipkemboi v. Holder, 587 F.3d 885 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1002 Khourn, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1041 (BIA 1997) :: 129, 144 Kiran Jewels, Inc., 2013-PER-2235 (Mar. 11, 2019) :: 1671–72 Khouzam v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 851, 875, Kirby v. U.S., 174 U.S. 47 (1899) :: 435, 438, 675 878, 885 Kirk v. INS, 927 F.2d 1106 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2211 Khouzam v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 549 F.3d 235 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 47, Kirk v. New York State Dep't of Educ., 562 F.Supp.2d 405 461, 469, 776, 881, 894, 1910, 1932, 2034–35, 2094 (W.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 41, 49, 55 Khozhaynova v. Holder, 641 F.3d 187 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 825, 833, Kirong v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 800 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 184, 283, 1000, 1904, 1986 2199 Khrystotodorov v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 779 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 956, Kirschenbaum v. 650 Fifth Avenue & Related Properties, 830 965 F.3d 107 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 2153 K-H-S-, Matter of; ID# 532240 (AAO June 7, 2017) :: 1537 Kirwa v. Dep't of Defense, 285 F.Supp.3d 21 (D.D.C. 2017) :: Khudaverdyan v. Holder, 778 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 806, 2044, 2119, 2309, 2313 1030 Kirwa v. Dep't of Defense, 285 F.Supp.3d 257 (D.D.C. 2018) :: Khulumani v. Barclay Nat'l Bank Ltd., 504 F.3d 254 (2d Cir. 2007) 2309, 2313 :: 2144, 2149–50 Kisor v. Wilkie, 139 S.Ct. 2400 (2019) :: 2067 Khunaverdiants v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 760 (9th Cir. 2008) :: Kiyemba v. Obama, 561 F.3d 509 (D.C. Cir. 2009) :: 907 1897–98, 1903, 1987, 2097 Kiyomi's Fitting Room, 1986-INA-469 (1986) :: 1685 Khup v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 891, 946, 1011, K-L-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 654 (BIA 1993) :: 295 1015, 2098 Klayman v. CIA, 170 F.Supp.3d 114 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 617 Kiam; U.S. v., 432 F.3d 524 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 479, 671 Kleindienst v. Mandel, 408 U.S. 753 (1972) :: 39–40, 44, 211, Kiang; U.S. v., 175 F.Supp.2d 942 (E.D. Mich. 2001) :: 127, 2325 1462, 2013, 2051 Kiareldeen v. Ashcroft, 273 F.3d 542 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 687, 2173 Klementanovsky v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 788 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 40, Kiareldeen v. Reno, 71 F.Supp.2d 402 (D.N.J. 1999) :: 531, 675, 229, 481 687 Klene v. Napolitano, 697 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 508, 2303 Kibinda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 477 F.3d 113 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 1044 TABLE OF CASES 2531

K.L. Gardens Dev. Corp., 2009-PER-393 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1646 Kooritzky v. Herman, 6 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 1997), rev'd on other Kllokoqi v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 336 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 969, 989, grounds, 178 F.3d 1315 (D.C. Cir. 1999) :: 2167, 2172, 995 2176 Kloeti, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 295 (RC 1981) :: 1282 Kooritzky v. Reich, 17 F.3d 1509 (D.C. Cir. 1994) :: 1922 Klonis v. Davis, 13 F.2d 630 (2d Cir. 1926) :: 468 Koos v. Holm, 204 F.Supp.2d 1099 (W.D. Tenn. 2002) :: 767 Knapik v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 84 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 130, 136, 287, Kopunec v. Nelson, 801 F.2d 1226 (10th Cir. 1986) :: 2167 2073 Korab v. Fink, 748 F.3d 875 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 39, 41 U.S. ex rel. Knauff v. Shaughnessy, 338 U.S. 537 (1950) :: 45 Korablina v. INS, 158 F.3d 1038 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 792, 837, 869, Knezevic v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1206 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 836, 840, 1011 850 Kordel; U.S. v., 397 U.S. 1 (1970) :: 489 Knight; U.S. v., 490 F.3d 1268 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 439, 2340 Kordic v. Esperdy, 279 F.Supp. 880 (S.D.N.Y. 1967) :: 258 Knight First Amend. Inst. v. DHS, 407 F.Supp.3d 311 (S.D.N.Y. Korean United Presbyterian, 2011-PER-793 (Aug. 8, 2012) :: 2019) :: 604, 615 1611 Knight First Amend. Inst. v. DHS, 407 F.Supp.3d 334 (S.D.N.Y. Koreh; U.S. v., 856 F.Supp. 891 (D.N.J. 1994) :: 2326 2019) :: 613, 615 Korematsu v. U.S., 323 U.S. 214 (1944) :: 41 Knights of the Ku Klux Klan v. East Baton Rouge Parish Sch. Bd., Korniejew v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 377 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1001 735 F.2d 895 (5th Cir. 1984) :: 2179 Korsunskty v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 847 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2011 Knoetze v. DOS, 634 F.2d 207 (5th Cir. 1981) :: 1085, 2065 Korvah v. Brown, 66 F.3d 809 (6th Cir. 1995) :: 1161, 2042 Knox; U.S. v., 540 F.3d 708 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 438 Korwek v. Hunt, 827 F.2d 874 (2d Cir. 1987) :: 2105 Knutsen v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 733 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 2071 Korytnyuk v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 272 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 729, 1833, Ko v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 453 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 715, 730 1845, 1862, 1887 Kobe Sakura Japanese, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1205 (Oct. Kosak v. Aguirre, 519 F.3d 210 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 1381, 1392, 2073 18, 2013) :: 2217, 2230 Kosak v. Devine, 439 F.Supp.2d 410 (E.D. Pa. 2006) :: 1381 Kobe Sapporo Japanese, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1204 (Oct. Kossov v. INS, 132 F.3d 405 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 470, 747, 837, 18, 2013) :: 2232 850, 2010 Kobugabe v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 900 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 837 Kostadinov; U.S. v., 734 F.3d 905 (2d Cir. 1984) :: 1319 Kochlani, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 128 (BIA 2007) :: 138–40, 143 Koszelnik v. Secretary of DHS, 828 F.3d 175 (3d Cir. 2016) :: Koden, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 739 (BIA 1976), aff'd, Koden v. 1794, 2290 INS, 564 F.2d 228 (7th Cir. 1977) :: 659 Kotliar, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 124 (BIA 2007) :: 542–44 Kodra v. Secretary of State, 903 F.Supp.2d 1323 (M.D. Fla. 2012) Kouadio v. Decker, 352 F.Supp.3d 235 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 517 :: 1076–77, 1462 Kouambo v. Barr, 943 F.3d 205 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 1830, 1901 Kodwo, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 479 (BIA 2008) :: 686, 1409 Kouanchao v. USCIS, 358 F.Supp.2d 837 (D. Minn. 2005) :: 2316 Koenig, In re; 104 A.D. 3d 221, 223 (1st Dep't N.Y. 2013) :: 655 Koudriachova v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 807, Kofa v. INS, 60 F.3d 1084 (4th Cir. 1995) (en banc) :: 875 813, 815 Kohama, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 257 (AC 1978) :: 108 Kouevi; U.S. v., 698 F.3d 126 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 435 Kohler Co., 11-PER-722 (June 14, 2012) :: 1630, 1679 Koulibaly v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 613 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 983 Kohli v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 578 Kouljinski v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 534 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 866, 1045 Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, PC, 2012-PER-2772, (Nov. 25, Kourouma v. Holder, 588 F.3d 234 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 983, 994, 2016) :: 1696, 1701 1021 Kohwarien v. Holder, 635 F.3d 174 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 1821 Kourski v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1038 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 959, 988 Kokar v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 803 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1824 Kousar v. Mueller, 549 F.Supp.2d 1194 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 1928 Kokesh v. SEC, 137 S.Ct. 1635 (2017) :: 2326 Koutcher v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 1133 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 2089 Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co., 511 U.S. 375 (1994) :: 2124 Kovac v. INS, 407 F.2d 102 (9th Cir. 1969) :: 790, 793 Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983) :: 2115 Kovacs v. U.S., 744 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 385–86 Kolenovic v. USCIS, 9 F.Supp.3d 322 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 1439 Koval v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 798 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 665, 792, 967, Koliada v. INS, 259 F.3d 482 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 843, 966 1011 Kolios v. INS, 532 F.2d 786 (1st Cir. 1976) :: 392 U.S. ex rel. Kovalev v. Ashcroft, 223 F.Supp.2d 688 (E.D. Pa. Kolkevich v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 501 F.3d 323 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 1896 2002) :: 1936, 1962 Kolman v. Shalala, 39 F.3d 173 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 2175 Kowalczyk v. INS, 245 F.3d 1143 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 571, 949, Koloamatangi, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 548 (BIA 2003) :: 1743, 1793, 1828, 1848 1765, 2286 Kowalski, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 159 (BIA 1963) :: 280 Kolster v. Ashcroft, 188 F.Supp.2d 60 (D. Mass. 2002) :: 1749 Kozak v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 34 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 714, 719 Kolsuz; U.S. v., 890 F.3d 133 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 504 Koziel; U.S. v., 954 F.2d 831 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 391 Komakula v. Aqua Info. Sys., Inc., 2015-LCA-14 (Mar. 9, 2016) :: Kozulin v. INS, 218 F.3d 1112 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 835 1201, 1214–15 Kpit Infosystems, Inc., 2009-PER-75 (Feb. 25, 2009) :: 1674 Komarenko v. INS, 35 F.3d 432 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 867 Kpit Infosystems, Inc., 2014-PER-1098 (Mar. 30, 2018) :: 1663– Kon v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 1225 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2038 64 Konan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 432 F.3d 497 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 795, 807, KPMG Peat Marwick of Puerto Rico v. INS, 943 F.2d 91 (1st Cir. 819, 1006, 1029, 1039 1991) :: 2210 Kondakova v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 792 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1003 Kpomassie; U.S. v., 323 F.Supp.2d 894 (W.D. Tenn. 2004) :: 439 Kondjoua v. Barr, 961 F.3d 83 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 318, 323 Kporlor v. Holder, 597 F.3d 222 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 140, 932, 1958, Kone v. Holder, 596 F.3d 141 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 836, 839, 845, 1999 938, 978, 992, 1014, 1020 Kracun v. U.S., 392 F.Supp.2d 594 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1436 Kone v. Holder, 620 F.3d 760 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 787, 881, 938 Kraemer Textiles, Inc., 2012-PER-2651 (Dec. 13, 2016) :: 1701 Kone; U.S. v., 307 F.3d 430 (6th Cir. 2002) :: 434 Krasilych v. Holder, 583 F.3d 962 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 487, 1500, Kong, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 224 (BIA 1975) :: 1381 1920 Konishi v. INS, 661 F.2d 818 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 2065 Krasnopivtsev v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 832 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 685– Konou v. Holder, 750 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 872, 890, 892, 86, 697, 791, 1009 966 Krastev v. INS, 292 F.3d 1268 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 836, 842 Konstantinova v. INS, 195 F.3d 528 (9th Cir. 1999), rev'g on other Kraus Periodicals, Inc., Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 63 (RC 1964) :: grounds Matter of L-V-K-, 22 I&N Dec. 976 (BIA 1999) :: 1168 1832–33, 1866 Krawitt v. Infosys Technologies Limited, Inc., 342 F.Supp.3d 958 Koon v. U.S., 518 U.S. 81 (1996) :: 445, 459 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 1117 Koons v. U.S., 138 S.Ct. 1783 (2018) :: 446 Krazoun v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 208 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 1404, 1868, 1888 Kreager v. Solomon & Flanagan P.A., 775 F.2d 1541 (11th Cir. 1985) :: 2166 2532 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Krecioch v. U.S., 316 F.3d 684 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 2167 Kuusk v. Holder, 732 F.3d 302 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 1880, 1882 Kreines v. U.S., 33 F.3d 1105 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 2179 K-V-D-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1163 (BIA 1999) :: 312, 343, 456, Krishnamoorthy v. Ridge, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8381 (N.D. Ill. 1818 May 19, 2003) :: 1597 Kwai Fun Wong v. U.S., 373 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 45, 259, Krishnapillai v. Holder, 563 F.3d 606 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 794, 848, 549, 1914, 1966, 2139, 2141 953, 956, 1001 Kwai Fun Wong; U.S. v., 575 U.S. 402 (2015) :: 1917, 2133 Kristic; U.S. v., 558 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 436 Kwak v. Holder, 607 F.3d 1140 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 592 Krivonos, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 292 (BIA 2007) :: 658 Kwok Sze v. Johnson, 172 F.Supp.3d 112 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 2328 Kronegold, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 157 (BIA 2010) :: 659 Kwong Hai Chew v. Colding, 344 U.S. 590 (1953) :: 46, 273, Krotova v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 792, 800, 1365, 1935 1010 Kyllo v. U.S., 533 U.S. 27 (2001) :: 500 Krouchevski v. Ashcroft, 344 F.3d 670 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 974 Kyong Ho Shin v. Holder, 607 F.3d 1213 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 232 Krougliak v. INS, 289 F.3d 457 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 1832 Kyyba, Inc., 2012-PER-2841 (June 30, 2016) :: 1623 Krstic; U.S. v., 558 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 435 Krua v. DHS, 729 F.Supp.2d 452 (D.C. Mass. 2010) :: 903 L Krupa, Inc. d/b/a Valero; Administrator, WHD v., 2016-LCA-1 (July 13, 2016) :: 1197 L-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 1940) :: 1758, 1803 K-R-Y- & K-C-S-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 133 (BIA 2007) :: 782, L-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 324 (BIA 1942) :: 142 856 L-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 556 (BIA 1951) :: 1847 K-S-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 715 (BIA 1993) :: 835 L-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 349 (BIA 1954) :: 280 K-S-E-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 818 (BIA 2020) :: 854 L-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 14 (BIA 1960) :: 619 K Super KQ-1541 A.M., 1988-INA-397 (1989) :: 1706 L-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 553 (BIA 1992) :: 935, 1114 K-S-Y-, Matter of; ID# 14269 (AAO Mar. 9, 2016) :: 1523 La v. Holder, 701 F.3d 566 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 798, 1006 Kuang v. Dep't of Defense, 340 F.Supp.3d 873 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: Labaneya v. USCIS, 965 F.Supp.2d 823 (E.D. Mich. 2013) :: 1926, 2043, 2103, 2308 1948 Kuang v. Dep't of Defense, 778 F.App'x 418 (9th Cir. 2019) :: Labojewski v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 814 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 743, 2309 1487, 2122 Kubon v. INS, 913 F.2d 386 (7th Cir. 1990) :: 947 Laboski v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 628 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1819 Kubrick; U.S. v., 444 U.S. 111 (1979) :: 2124 L-A-B-R-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 405 (AG 2018) :: 272, 581, 586, Kucana v. Holder, 558 U.S. 233 (2010) :: 586, 596, 711, 878, 588 1036–37, 1093, 1855, 1885, 1905, 1961, 1965, 1991, 2057, L-A-C-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 516 (BIA 2015) :: 950, 952–54, 2060, 2110 962–63 Kucana v. Holder, 603 F.3d 394 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 2057 La Cantina Toscana, 2009-PER-237 (Apr. 7. 2010) :: 1663, 1670 Kucharski, 2000-INA-116, 2002 WL 31159494 (Sept. 18, 2002) :: Lacap v. INS, 138 F.3d 518 (3d Cir. 1998) :: 2279 655, 1713 Lacey v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 514 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1113–14, Kuciemba v. INS, 92 F.3d 496 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 728 1473 Kueviakoe v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 567 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir. 2009) :: Lacey v. U.S., 74 F.Supp.2d 13 (D.D.C. 1999) :: 620, 2133 664, 676, 979, 981, 997 Lackawanna Cnty. Dist. Attorney v. Coss, 532 U.S. 394 (2001) :: Kuffour v. Nielsen, 412 F.Supp.3d 581 (M.D.N.C. 2019) :: 2303 382–83, 1945 Kuffour v. Sessions, 907 F.3d 112 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1857 L.A. Closeout, Inc. v. DHS, 513 F.3d 940 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1094, Kuh v. INS, 758 F.2d 370 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1914 1173, 1922, 2075 Kuhai v. INS, 199 F.3d 909 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 747, 850 Lacsina Pangilinan v. Holder, 568 F.3d 708 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 471, Kuhali v. Reno, 266 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 294, 315, 370, 1932 597, 2048 Kukalo v. Holder, 744 F.3d 395 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1045, 1468, Ladha v. INS, 215 F.3d 889 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 661, 950, 956, 1488 1816, 2047 Kulakchyan v. Holder, 730 F.3d 993 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 919 LaDuke v. Nelson, 762 F.2d 1318 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 500–501, Kulhawik v. Holder, 571 F.3d 296 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 721 2024, 2171 Kulle, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 318 (BIA 1985) :: 479 Ladybug & Friends Preschool, LLC v. Napolitano, 39 F.Supp.3d Kumah, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 290 (BIA 1985) :: 1410 988 (N.D. Ill. 2014) :: 2040 Kumar, In re; 402 F.Supp.3d 377 (W.D. Tex. 2019) :: 263 Ladyha v. Holder, 588 F.3d 574 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1047 Kumar v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 520 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1814 Lafarga v. INS, 170 F.3d 1213 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 121, 367, 1969 Kumar v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 1043 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 807, 959, Lafler v. Cooper, 566 U.S. 156 (2012) :: 384 987–88, 990, 997, 1009 LaFond; U.S. v., 783 F.3d 1216 (11th Cir. 2015) :: 630 Kumar v. Gonzales, 555 F.Supp.2d 1061 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 753 Lafond, 2001-INA-154 (July 25, 2002) :: 1662 Kumar v. Holder, 728 F.3d 993 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 780 Lafontant v. Aristide, 844 F.Supp.128 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 2160 Kumar; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 833 (Feb. 6, 1996) :: 466 LaFontant v. INS, 135 F.3d 158 (D.C. Cir. 1998) :: 1946 Kumarasamy v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 453 F.3d 169 (3d Cir. 2006) :: La Franca v. INS, 413 F.2d 686 (2d Cir. 1969) :: 585 1901, 1934, 1937–38 Lagandaon v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 983 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1746, Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137 (1999) :: 665 1780, 1974 Kumpf; U.S. v., 438 F.3d 785 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2014 LaGrand Case (Germany v. U.S.), 2001 I.C.J. 104 (June 27) :: Kung, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 260 (Comm. 1978) :: 1305 735 Kungys v. U.S., 485 U.S. 759 (1988) :: 175–76, 435, 1586, 1729– La Grotta, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 110 (BIA 1972) :: 1416 30, 2113, 2295, 2322, 2338 LaGuardia Community College, 2016-PER-386 (Aug. 27, 2019) :: Kuqo v. Ashcroft, 391 F.3d 856 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 695 1624 Kurapati v. USCIS, 775 F.3d 1255 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 1456, 1600, LaGuerre v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 1037 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 322 1970, 2018, 2025, 2043, 2065 Laguna; U.S. v., 693 F.3d 727 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 440 Kurfees v. INS, 275 F.3d 332 (4th Cir. 2001) :: 1943, 1997 Lagunas-Salgado v. Holder, 584 F.3d 707 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 142 Kurt Salmon Assoc., Inc., 1987-INA-636 (BALCA 1988) :: 1666 La Hacienda Meat Market, Inc., 2012-PER-1105 (Nov. 4, 2015) :: Kurys, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 315 (BIA 1965) :: 1410 1611 Kuschchak v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 597 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 475, 590 La Hacienda Mexican Café; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1167 (Jan. Kutty v. DOL, 32 IER Cases 1224, No. 3:05-CV-510, 2011 WL 24, 2013) :: 2217, 2230 3664476 (E.D. Tenn. Aug. 19, 2011), aff'd, 764 F.3d 540 Lahmidi v. INS, 149 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 712 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 1198, 1200, 1214 Lahrar v. Gonzales, 485 F.Supp.2d 705 (E.D. Va. 2007) :: 2331 Kutty; Administrator, WHD v., 2001-LCA-10 to 25 (Oct. 9, 2002), Lai, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 188 (RC 1969) :: 1157 aff'd, Kutty v. DOL, No. 3:05-CV-510, 32 IER Cases 1224, Laija-Garcia; U.S. v., 347 F.Supp.2d 350 (W.D. Tex. 2004) :: 508 2011 WL 3664476 (E.D. Tenn. Aug. 19, 2011), aff'd, 764 Laing v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 994 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1943 F.3d 540 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 1201 TABLE OF CASES 2533

Laipenieks, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 433 (BIA 1983), rev'd on other Larngar v. Holder, 562 F.3d 71 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1874, 1885, grounds, Laipenieks v. INS, 750 F.2d 1427 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1959 211, 779, 785, 792, 1198, 1846 Larry Douglas, Ltd., 1988-INA-130 (Dec. 19, 1988) :: 1714, 2174 Lakha Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a Usmania, 2011-PER-1344 (Aug. 25, L.A. Rubber Co., 1989-INA-58 (1989) :: 1666 2015) :: 1652, 1695 Laryea v. Sessions, 871 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 125, 142, Lakhani v. USCIS, 817 F.Supp.2d 390 (D. Vt. 2011) :: 1373, 2085 1940, 1961 Laryea v. U.S., 300 F.Supp.2d 404 (E.D. Va. 2004) :: 2297 Lal v. INS, 255 F.3d 998 (9th Cir. 2001), amended on reh'g, 268 Lasa Marketing Firms; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 106 (Nov. 27, 1989) F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 842, 844, 2055, 2084 :: 2257 Lalani v. Perryman, 105 F.3d 334 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 2043 Lasprilla v. Ashcroft, 365 F.3d 98 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1484 Lam, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 432 (BIA 1978) :: 1474–75 Lata v. INS, 204 F.3d 1241 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 1845, 2001 Lam, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 15 (BIA 1981) :: 930 Latchin; U.S. v., 554 F.3d 709 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 2338 Lam v. Holder, 698 F.3d 529 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 225, 229, 1897, Lateef v. DHS, 592 F.3d 926 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 142–43 1903 Latif v. Holder, 686 F.3d 1122 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 237 The Lambents Grp. & Venkat Potini; Administrator, WHD v., Latif v. Obama, 677 F.3d 1175 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 552, 686 2008-LCA-36 (Jan. 27, 2010), aff'd, ARB No. 10-066 (Nov. Latifi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 103 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 984, 993 30, 2011) :: 1198, 1213 Latin Am. Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a Telelink, Inc., 2008-INA-82 (Mar. Lambert, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 340 (BIA 1965) :: 137 3, 2008) :: 1660, 1701 Lam Garden Chinese Restaurant, 2008-PER-14 (Dec. 17, 2007) Lato v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 773 F.Supp. 973 (W.D. Tex. 1991) :: 513 :: 1623 Lattab v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 741, 743, 1487, Lamie v. U.S. Trustee, 540 U.S. 526 (2004) :: 2108 2072, 2122 Lamin v. Holder, 760 F.3d 135 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1395 Latter-Singh v. Holder, 668 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 134, 221, Lamonica v. Safe Hurricane Shutters, Inc., 711 F.3d 1299 (11th 323 Cir. 2013) :: 2248 Latu v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 1012 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 228, 481, 567, Lamus, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 61 (BIA 2009) :: 592, 1403, 1470, 583, 1944, 1982 1786, 1867 Latu v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 1070 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 132, 136 Lancesoft v. USCIS, 755 F.Supp.2d 188 (D.D.C 2010) :: 1851, Latu; U.S. v., 479 F.3d 1153 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 442, 1476 1952, 2043 Lau v. INS, 445 F.2d 217 (D.C. Cir. 1971) :: 491 Landgraf v. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244 (1994) :: 2116 Laureano, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 1983) :: 1413–14, 1485 Landin-Molina v. Holder, 580 F.3d 913 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1481, Laurent v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 59 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 729 1485 Laurenzo, 1987-INA-603 (1988) :: 1678 Landin-Zavala v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1766 Lauretta v. Herman, No. CV 97-4479 WJR (C.D. Cal. Aug. 6, Landon v. Plasencia, 459 U.S. 21 (1982) :: 46, 77, 249, 259, 273, 1997) :: 1714 1365, 1743 Laurico-Yemo; U.S. v., 590 F.3d 818 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 323 Lands Council v. Powell, 395 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2049 Lauvik v. INS, 910 F.2d 658 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 1071, 1299, 1305, Lane v. Tillinghast, 38 F.2d 231 (1st Cir. 1930) :: 137 2061 Lanferman, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 721 (BIA 2012) :: 124, 294, Lavender v. Kurn, 327 U.S. 645 (1946) :: 973, 999 332, 348, 361 Lavira v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 478 F.3d 158 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 874, 882, Lanferman v. BIA, 576 F.3d 84 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 360 886 Lang v. Napolitano, 596 F.3d 426 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1114 Lawal v. Lynch, 156 F.Supp.3d 846 (S.D. Tex. 2016) :: 754 Langhorne v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 175 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 2286 Lawal v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 710 F.3d 1288 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 229 Lanier v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 631 F.3d 1363 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 74, Law Firm of Wilens & Baker, In re; 9 A.D.3d 213, 217 (1st Dep't 227, 693, 1477, 2070, 2111 N.Y. 2004) :: 656 Lanuza v. Holder, 597 F.3d 970 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1437, 1777, Law Office of Sergio Villaverde, PLLC; Administrator, WHD v., 1781 2009-LCA-19 (Nov. 4, 2010) :: 1212 Lanuza v. Love, 134 F.Supp.3d 1290 (W.D. Wash. 2015), rev'd Law Offices of Jean-Pierre Karnos, 2003-INA-18 (May 20, 2004) denial of Bivens remedy, 899 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2018) :: :: 1658 2132, 2134, 2139, 2163, 2165 Law Offices of Manulkin, Glaser & Bennett; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. Lanza v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 917 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 966, 970, 1814, 100 (Oct. 27, 1989) :: 2274 1988, 2066 Lawrence, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 418 (BIA 1975) :: 1116 Lapaix v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 605 F.3d 1138 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 476, Lawrence v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 221 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1751, 871–72, 1995 1753, 1757, 2037 Lapka v. Chertoff, 517 F.3d 974 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 2252 Lawrence v. Holder, 717 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1755 Lara v. Lynch, 789 F.3d 800 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 1396, 1401 Lawrence v. Lynch, 826 F.3d 198 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 1882–83 Lara v. Trominski, 216 F.3d 487 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 643, 1795, Lawrence; U.S. v., 991 F.Supp. 149 (W.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 574 1847, 1887 Lawrence Weinstein & Toni Albanese, 2005-INA-9 (2006) :: 1678, Lara-Aguilar v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 134 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 741, 1704 863, 1874, 2113 Lawson v. Gerlinski, 332 F.Supp.2d 735 (M.D. Pa. 2004) :: 547, Lara-Cazares v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 1217 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 319, 570, 908, 1029 327 Lawson v. USCIS, 795 F.Supp.2d 283 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 2296– Lara-Chacon v. Ashcroft, 345 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 292, 97, 2302 309, 363, 683 Lawton v. Republic of Iraq, 581 F.Supp.2d 43 (D.D.C. 2008) :: Lara-Nieto v. Barr, 945 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1046, 1989– 2152 90 Lawyers Comm. for Human Rights v. INS, 721 F.Supp. 552 Lara-Ruiz v. INS, 241 F.3d 934 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 228, 303, 364, (S.D.N.Y. 1989) :: 235, 608 482, 682, 691 Lazar v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 469 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 919, 921, 981 Lara-Torres v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 968 (9th Cir. 2004), amended, Lazarescu v. U.S., 199 F.2d 898 (4th Cir. 1952) :: 74 Lara-Torres v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1105 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Lazaridis v. DOS, 934 F.Supp.2d 21 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 613 631, 636 Lazaro v. Mukasey, 527 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 567, 629 Lari v. Holder, 697 F.3d 273 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 1863 Lazarte, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 214 (BIA 1996) :: 173, 232 Larimi v. INS, 782 F.2d 1494 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 2101 Lazo v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 53 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1830 Larin-Ulloa v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 456 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 319, 325, 358, 363, 378, 683, 2041, 2044, 2058 Lazo-Majano v. INS, 813 F.2d 1432 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1018 Larios v. Holder, 608 F.3d 105 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 810, 814 Lazo-Ortiz; U.S. v., 136 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 455, 458 Larios-Buentello; U.S. v., 807 F.3d 176 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 417 Lazy Days South, Inc.; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1322 (July 19, 2019) :: 2267 Larios-Reyes v. Lynch, 843 F.3d 146 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 302, 304 Lazy Days South, Inc.; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1322c (Oct. 16, Larlin Health Care, Inc., 2015-PER-261 (June 25, 2019) :: 1662 2019) :: 2192, 2236 2534 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

L-C-, Matter of; ID# 553828 (AAO Nov. 2, 2017) :: 230 Legalization Assistance Project v. INS, 976 F.2d 1198 (9th Cir. L-D-E-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 399 (BIA 1959) :: 1730 1992) :: 481 L.D.G. v. Holder, 744 F.3d 1022 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 222–23, 1352, Legalization Project of Los Angeles; INS v., 510 U.S. 1007 (1993) 1356, 1811, 2068 :: 2017 Le, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 541 (BIA 2011) :: 1331 Legaspi, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 328 (BIA 2010) :: 1486 Le v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 98 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 395, 692, 1724 Leguizamo-Medina v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 772 (7th Cir. 2007) :: Le v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 196 F.3d 1352 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 2041 1971 Le v. Waters, 863 F.Supp. 1104 (N.D. Cal. 1994) :: 1491 Lehmann v. Carson, 353 U.S. 685 (1957) :: 138 L-E-A-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 40 (BIA 2017), aff'd as to nexus re- Lehmann v. U.S., 353 U.S. 685 (1957) :: 468, 478 quirement, 27 I&N Dec. 581 (AG 2019) :: 810, 813, 817, Lei, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 113 (BIA 1998) :: 643, 722 835, 1007–8, 1816 Leia v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 427 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 678 Leacheng Int'l, Inc., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 532 (AAO 2015) :: Leiba v. Holder, 699 F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 227 1287, 1526 Leibovitch v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 297 F.Supp.3d 816 (N.D. Leader v. Blackman, 744 F.Supp. 500 (S.D.N.Y. 1990) :: 311, Ill. 2018) :: 2151 541 Leibovitch v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 697 F.3d 561 (7th Cir. League of United Latin Am. Citizens, see LULAC 2012) :: 2157 Leal, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 20 (BIA 2012), aff'd, Leal v. Holder, Leibovitch v. Syrian Arab Republic, 23 F.Supp.3d 1071 (N.D. Ill. 771 F.3d 1140 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 129, 133, 2121 2014) :: 2159 Leal-Cruz; U.S. v., 431 F.3d 667 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 430 Lei Li v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 996, 1012 Leal-Del Carmen; U.S. v., 697 F.3d 964 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 444 Leitao v. Reno, 311 F.3d 453 (1st Cir. 2002) :: 668, 1757 Leal-Rodriquez v. INS, 990 F.2d 939 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 76 Leiva v. Secretary, DHS, 230 F.Supp.3d 406 (D.N.J. 2017) :: Leal Santos v. Gonzales, 495 F.Supp.2d 180 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 2296, 2305 672, 2283 Leiva-Montalvo v. INS, 173 F.3d 749 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 837, 842, Leal Santos v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 273, 572, 869 690 Leiva-Perez v. Holder, 640 F.3d 962 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 2089 Lebanese Arak Corp., 1987-INA-683 (1989) :: 1670 Lekarczyk; U.S. v., 354 F.Supp.2d 883 (W.D. Wis. 2005) :: 2300, Le Bin Zhu v. Holder, 622 F.3d 87 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1876 2325 Leblanc v. Holder, 784 F.3d 206 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 1901, 2094 Lema v. INS, 341 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 755, 1946 Lebreault-Feliz; U.S. v., 807 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 438 Lemeshko v. Wrona, 325 F.Supp.2d 778 (E.D. Mich. 2004) :: 537, Lebrun v. Thornburgh, 777 F.Supp. 1204 (D.N.J. 1991) :: 43, 647, 766, 1937, 2027 2282 Lemhammad, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 316 (BIA 1991) :: 662, 1400, Lecaj v. Holder, 616 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 838, 841, 843, 1739, 2106 948, 964 Lemos v. Holder, 636 F.3d 365 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 746, 2085–86 Lecky v. Holder, 723 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 328 Lemus v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 399 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1865 Leclairryan, A Professional Corp., 2014-PER-302 (Mar. 28, 2018) Lemus v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 641 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1745 :: 1618 Lemus v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1865, 1869 LeClerc v. Webb, 419 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 54 Lemus-Arita v. Sessions, 854 F.3d 476 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 785 Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 550 U.S. 618 (2007) :: Lemus-Galvan v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1988 2264 Lemus-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 563 F.3d 88 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 457 Ledesma; U.S. v., 33 F.Supp.3d 734 (S.D. Tex. 2012) :: 2123, Lemus-Losa, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 734 (BIA 2012) :: 161, 1482 2300 Lemus-Losa v. Holder, 576 F.3d 752 (7th Cir. 2009), rev'g Matter Ledesma-Sanchez v. Lynch, 797 F.3d 131 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 713, of Lemus-Losa, 24 I&N Dec. 373 (BIA 2007) :: 74, 161. 155, 715 1481 Ledesma-Valdes v. Sava, 604 F.Supp. 675 (S.D.N.Y. 1985) :: Lemus-Rodriguez v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 652 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 294, 271, 939–40, 1939 1763, 1960 Ledezma-Cosino v. Sessions, 857 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2017) (en Lemuz v. Hernandez v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 392 (8th Cir. 2015) :: banc) :: 39, 1728, 2110, 2125 1778 Ledezma-Galicia v. Holder, 636 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 370– Lendo v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 439 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 590, 592–93, 72, 2070 1486 Ledezma-Ledezma; U.S. v., 808 F.Supp.2d 1301 (D.N.M. 2011) :: Lendy Muller, 1998-INA-237 (Sept. 17, 1999) :: 1667 451 Lenea v. Lane, 882 F.2d 1171 (7th Cir. 1989) :: 666 Lee, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 911 (BIA 1966) :: 1379 Lengkong v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 859 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 834 Lee, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 187 (RC 1975) :: 1305 Leng May Ma v. Barber, 357 U.S. 185 (1958) :: 68 Lee, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 275 (Comm. 1978) :: 154 Lenhard v. Wolff, 443 U.S. 1306 (1979) :: 2022 Lee v. Ashcroft, 268 F.Supp.2d 150 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 574 Lenis v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 525 F.3d 1291 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 1869, Lee v. Gonzales, 410 F.3d 778 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 1936 2042 Lee v. Holder, 765 F.3d 851 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1038 Lenjinac v. Holder, 780 F.3d 852 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 890, 1046, Lee v. Mukasey, 527 F.3d 1103 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 173, 1132 1988 Lee v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 37 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1857 Lenning, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 476 (BIA 1980) :: 1410 Lee v. U.S., 582 U.S. __, 137 S.Ct. 1958 (2017) :: 383–84, 386 Lennon v. INS, 527 F.2d 187 (2d Cir. 1975) :: 147, 389, 693, Lee v. USCIS, 592 F.3d 612 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 1971, 1975 1802, 2112 Lee v. Ziglar, 237 F.Supp.2d 914 (N.D. Ill. 2002) :: 1523 Lennon v. U.S., 387 F.Supp. 561 (S.D.N.Y. 1975) :: 566 Leed Constr., Megan Burkholder; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1237 Lennon; U.S. v., 372 F.3d 535 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 408 (Dec. 18, 2014) :: 2222 Lenora Sys., Inc., 2018-PER-37, -38, -39 (Mar. 17, 2020) :: 1651 Lee Johnson Capital Mgmt., LLC, 2016-PWD-2 (Dec. 21, 2016) :: Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1 (2004) :: 318, 325, 347, 693, 1959, 1683 2083, 2085, 2111 Le Floch, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 251 (BIA 1969) :: 223 Leola Constr. LLC, 2018-TLN-155 (Aug. 20, 2018) :: 1263 Lefsih; U.S. v., 867 F.3d 459 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 436 Leonardo v. Crawford, 646 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 529, Legal v. Lynch, 838 F.3d 51 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 985 1943, 2000, 2004 Legal Assistance for Vietnamese Asylum Seekers v. DOS, 45 Leon-Davila v. INS, 19 F.3d 1370 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 1755 F.3d 469 (D.C. Cir. 1995), remanded, 519 U.S. 1 (1996), on Leon-Hernandez v. INS, 926 F.2d 902 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 288 remand, 105 F.3d 1308 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 2014, 2024, Leon-Orosco and Rodriguez-Colas, Matter of, see Garcia-Mir v. 2071 Smith Legal Assistance for Vietnamese Asylum Seekers v. DOS, 74 Leon-Paz; U.S. v., 340 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 416, 420 F.3d 1308 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: 2030 Leos-Maldonado; U.S. v., 302 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 400, Legal Assistance for Vietnamese Asylum Seekers v. DOS, 104 403 F.3d 1349 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 44, 1457, 2043 Lepe-Guitron v. INS, 16 F.3d 1021 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 1749 TABLE OF CASES 2535

Lepofsky, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 718 (BIA 1974) :: 275 Lianhua v. Holder, 754 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 981 Lepore; U.S. v., 304 F.Supp.2d 183 (D. Mass. 2004) :: 322 Lianhua Jiang v. Holder, 754 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 726 Le Reunion Aerienne v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Lianping Li v. Lynch, 839 F.3d 144 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 1994 Jamahiriya, 533 F.Supp.2d 837 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 2157 Liao v. DOJ, 293 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 1024 Leslie v. Herrion, 677 F.Supp.2d 651 (W.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 439, Liban MJ v. Secretary, DHS, 367 F.Supp.3d 959 (D. Minn. 2019) 572, 755 :: 517, 546 Leslie v. Holder, 865 F.Supp.2d 627 (M.D. Pa. 2012) :: 550 Liberty Packaging, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1245 (Feb. 24 Leslie v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 611 F.3d 171 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 480, 630, 2015) :: 2217 637–38, 699 Library of Congress v. Shaw, 478 U.S. 310 (1986) :: 2124, 2178 Leslie v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 678 F.3d 265 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 547, 754 Libsys, Inc., 2012-PER-873 (Dec. 2, 2015) :: 1711 Leslie H. v. Superior Court of Orange Cnty., 224 Cal.App.4th 340 Licea v. Curacao Drydock Co., Inc., 584 F.Supp.2d 1355 (S.D. (Cal. Ct. App. 2014) :: 1553 Fla. 2008) :: 2144, 2151 Lesum v. Barr, 915 F.3d 1189 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 864 Li Chao Shi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 724 F.App'x 898 (11th Cir. 2018) :: Lethbridge, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 444 (BIA 1965) :: 141 839–40 Lett v. Decker, 346 F.Supp.3d 379 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 253, 260, Lico's Tree Serv., 2001-INA-124 (2002) :: 1696 518, 546 Licudine v. Winter, 603 F.Supp.2d 129 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 2252, Lett; U.S. v., 944 F.3d 467 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 540 2279 Lettman, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 365 (BIA 1998), aff'd, Lettman v. Lie v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 530 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 793 Reno, 207 F.3d 1368 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 370–72 Liem v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 921 F.3d 388 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 1874 Lettman v. Reno, 207 F.3d 1368 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 2076 Li Fang Lin v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 685 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 932, 1023 Level 3 Commc'ns, LLC, 2012-PER-1307 (May 3, 2016) :: 1631, Life Generations Healthcare, LLC d/b/a Generations Healthcare; 1706 U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1227 (Sept. 11, 2014) :: 2272 Levesque v. Lynch, 802 F.3d 152 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 333, 347 Lifeng Wang v. Rodriguez, 830 F.3d 958 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 138, Levy v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 882 F.3d 1364 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 2285 140, 334 Levy; U.S. v., 440 F.Supp.2d 162 (E.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 441 Lignomat USA, Ltd., 1988-INA-276 (1989) :: 1685 Lewin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 885 F.3d 165 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 329 Li Hing of Hong Kong, Inc. v. Levin, 800 F.2d 970 (9th Cir. 1986) Lewis v. DOJ, 733 F.Supp.2d 97 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 606 :: 2011 Lewis v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1911, 2288 Li Hua Yuan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 642 F.3d 420 (3d Cir. 2011) :: Lewis v. Holder, 625 F.3d 65 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1820 699, 1838 Lewis v. INS, 194 F.3d 539 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 369, 371–72, 1960 Li Liu v. Kell, 299 F.Supp.3d 1128 (W.D. Wash. 2017) :: 115–16 Lewis v. Mutond, 258 F.Supp.3d 168 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2155 Liljeberg v. Health Servs. Acquisition Corp., 486 U.S. 847 (1988) Lewis v. Mutond, 918 F.3d 142 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 2155 :: 726 Lewis v. Thompson, 252 F.3d 567 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 42 Lim v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 1011 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 2089 Lewis; U.S. v., 295 F.Supp.3d 1103 (C.D. Cal. 2018) :: 493, 502 Lim v. Holder, 710 F.3d 1074 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1760 Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 572 U.S. Lim v. INS, 224 F.3d 929 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 808, 947, 1009, 1022 __, 134 S.Ct. 1377 (2014) :: 2017 Lim v. Mitchell, 431 F.3d 197 (9th Cir. 1970) :: 575 Leymis V. v. Whitaker, 355 F.Supp.3d 779 (D. Minn. 2018) :: 899 Lima v. Holder, 758 F.3d 72 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 649, 1997 Leyva, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 118 (BIA 1977) :: 136 Lima v. Lynch, 826 F.3d 606 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1437 Leyva v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 303 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1912, 1972 Lima v. New York City Dep't of Educ., 10 OCAHO no. 1128 (Apr. Leyva-Licea v. INS, 187 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 145, 292, 16, 2009) :: 2269, 2272 311 Limani v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1043 Lezama-Garcia v. Holder, 666 F.3d 518 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1491, Limb Design, 2015-PER-277 (June 6, 2017) :: 1669, 1707 2078 Limbeya v. Holder, 764 F.3d 894 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 672, 675, 919 L-F-, Matter of; ID# 6600817 (AAO Oct. 4, 2019) :: 1538 Limone v. Condon, 372 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 2124 LFW Dairy Corp. d/b/a J&J Dairy Corp.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. Limsico v. INS, 951 F.2d 210 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 1861, 1889, 2058 1129 (July 1, 2009) :: 2210, 2215, 2221 Lin, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 219 (BIA 1982) :: 68 L-G-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 89 (BIA 1995) :: 312, 343, 1816 Lin, 1989-INA-28 (1990) :: 1676 L-G-H-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 365 (BIA 2014) :: 311–12, 357, Lin v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 18 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 964 893 Lin v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 1014 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 588, 631, 703 Lhanzom v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 833 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 995 Lin v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 748 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 996 Li, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 514 (BIA 1975) :: 153 Lin v. Chertoff, 522 F.Supp.2d 1309 (D. Colo. 2007) :: 1934, 1948 Li, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 700 (BIA 1993) :: 1381, 1392, 2073 Lin v. DOJ, 413 F.3d 188 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1000 Li, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 13 (BIA 1995) :: 1381, 1838 Lin v. DOJ, 416 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 2046, 2081 Li, In re; 71 F.Supp.2d 1052 (D. Haw. 1999) :: 783 Lin v. DOJ, 432 F.3d 156 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 797, 892–93 Li v. Ashcroft, 356 F.3d 1153 (9th Cir. 2004) (en banc) :: 785, Lin v. DOJ, 459 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 2083 788, 1028 Lin v. DOJ, 473 F.3d 48 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1026, 2099 Li v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 959 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 985 Lin v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 1158 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 960, 990, 997 Li v. Chertoff, 482 F.Supp.2d 1172 (S.D. Cal. 2007) :: 1930, Lin v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 708 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1886 1952, 1956 Lin v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 127 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 959, 977, 993, Li v. Chertoff, 490 F.Supp.2d 130 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 2293 1026, 1049, 2046 Li v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 171 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 1024 Lin v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 1131 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1028 Li v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 681 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 806 Lin v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 979 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1862, 2111 Li v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 500 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 795 Lin v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 4 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 998 Li v. Greene, 767 F.Supp. 1087 (D. Colo. 1991) :: 259–60 Lin v. Holder, 565 F.3d 971 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 955, 2048 Li v. Holder, 559 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 796, 976, 989 Lin v. Holder, 610 F.3d 1093 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 795, 1987 Li v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 913 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 2167–68, 2173, 2175 Lin v. Holder, 620 F.3d 807 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1025 Li v. Lynch, 837 F.3d 127 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 178 Lin v. Holder, 656 F.3d 605 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 969, 995 Li v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 141 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 678, 974, 993 Lin v. Holder, 759 F.3d 110 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1395 Li v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 400 F.3d 157 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 785, 792, Lin v. INS, 238 F.3d 239 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 796 2046 Lin v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 22 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 972 Li v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 488 F.3d 1371 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 1026, Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 972, 982, 987–88, 1037, 1876 999–1000 Liadov, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 990 (BIA 2006), aff'd, Liadov v. Lin v. Secretary, DHS, 485 F.Supp.2d 263 (W.D.N.Y. 2007) :: Mukasey, 518 F.3d 1003 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1816, 1819, 2331 2114 Lin v. U.S., 561 F.3d 502 (D.C. Cir. 2009) :: 2035 Liane Ginsberg, 2013-PER-2239 (Mar. 22, 2019) :: 1672 Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 441 F.3d 193 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1044 2536 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 543 F.3d 114 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 1000, 2007 Lizhi Qiu v. Barr, 944 F.3d 837 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 972, 975, 980, Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 555 F.3d 1310 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1027 984 Linares-Gonzalez v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 508 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 136 Li Zu Guan v. INS, 453 F.3d 129 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 958, 960, 975, Linares Huarcaya v. Mukasey, 550 F.3d 224 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 992–93 1483, 1485, 2073, 2125 Ljutica v. Holder, 588 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 333, 341, 569, Linares-Urrutia v. Sessions, 850 F.3d 477 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 73, 693, 2295 861, 1834, 2076 L-K-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 677 (BIA 2004) :: 785, 922, 1011, Linda Chellouf v. Inter Am. Univ. of P.R, 12 OCAHO no. 1269 1468, 1485 (Mar. 3, 2016) :: 2258 Lkhagvasuren v. Lynch, 849 F.3d 800 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1031 Lindahl v. OPM, 470 U.S. 768 (1985) :: 1991 L-L-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 324 (BIA 1961) :: 176 Linda R.S. v. Richard D., 410 U.S. 614 (1973) :: 2023 Llacua v. Western Range Ass'n, 930 F.3d 1161 (10th Cir. 2019) :: Lindems v. Mukasey, 530 F.Supp.2d 1044 (E.D. Wis. 2008) :: 2254 1928, 1948 Llanos-Agostadero; U.S. v., 486 F.3d 1194 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 322 Lindenberg v. INS, 657 F.Supp. 154 (D.D.C. 1987) :: 1546–47 Llanos-Fernandez v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 704, Lindh v. Murphy, 521 U.S. 320 (1997) :: 2116 723 Ling, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 35 (RC 1968) :: 1183, 1542–43 Llapa-Sinchi v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 897 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 475, 703 Ling Huang v. Holder, 744 F.3d 1149 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 974, 1003 Lleo-Fernandez v. INS, 989 F.Supp. 518 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 1999 Ling Yang v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 278 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1975 Lleshi v. Kerry, 127 F.Supp.3d 196 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 2012 Lin-Jian v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 182 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 933, 977, LLL Licensing, Inc., 2012-PER-1174 (June 21, 2016) :: 1624, 991, 994, 1004, 1040, 2077 1627, 1651 Lin Li Hua v. DOJ, 453 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 992–93 L.M. v. Johnson, 150 F.Supp.3d 202 (E.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 923, Linnas, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 302 (BIA 1985) :: 749 1929, 1952 Linnas v. INS, 790 F.2d 1024 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 479 L-M-A-G-, Matter of; ID# 15847 (AAO VSC Mar. 11, 2016) :: 1358 Lino v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 1077 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1487 L.M.-M v. Cuccinelli, No. 19-2676 (RDM), 2020 WL 985376 Linville v. Barrows, 489 F.Supp.2d 1278 (W.D. Okla. 2007) :: (D.D.C. 2020) :: 243, 1915 1929–30 L-M-P-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 265 (BIA 2018) :: 741, 1856 Lin Xing Jiang v. Holder, 639 F.3d 751 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 643 Lo v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 934 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 638, 641–43, 721 Lin-Zheng v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 557 F.3d 147 (3d Cir. 2009) (en Loa-Herrera v. Trominski, 231 F.3d 984 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 530–31, banc) :: 1027, 2071 549, 1499, 1921, 2023 Lipman; U.S. v., 133 F.3d 726 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 451, 459 Lobo v. Holder, 684 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1009, 1043 Lira-Ramirez; U.S. v., 951 F.3d 1258 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 410 Locicero, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 805 (BIA 1966) :: 1366, 1732 Liriano v. ICE, 827 F.Supp.2d 264 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 2133, 2140 Lockett v. INS, 245 F.3d 1126 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 1785 Lisa M. Ferraro, 2008-INA-54 (Feb. 11, 2008) :: 1656 Lockhart v. Chertoff, No. 1:07CV823 (N.D. Ohio Jan. 7, 2008) :: Lisbey v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 930 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 323 2025 Li Shan Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 672 F.3d 961 (11th Cir. 2011) :: Lockhart v. Napolitano, 573 F.3d 251 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 2071 1003 Lodestar Consulting LLC, 2015-PER-283 (Dec. 13, 2016) :: 1669 Li Sheng Wu v. Holder, 737 F.3d 829 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1043, Lodge, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 500 (BIA 1987) :: 1824 1876 Lodi Unified Sch. Dist., 2013-PER-2589 (Mar. 22, 2019) :: 1615 Lishou Wang v. Lynch, 804 F.3d 855 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 976, 995, Loews Anatole Hotel, 1989-INA-230 (June 12, 1990) :: 1664 1023 Loews Anatole Hotel, 1989-INA-230 (Apr. 26, 1991) (en banc) :: Liteky v. U.S., 510 U.S. 540 (1994) :: 728 1706 Liti v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 631 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 845, 980 Loeza-Dominguez v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 1156 (8th Cir. 2005) :: Little v. U.S., 35 F.Supp.2d 538 (E.D. Mich. 1999) :: 432 1763 Little Mermaid Restaurant, 1987-INA-675 (1988) :: 1656 L-O-G-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 413 (BIA 1996) :: 1733, 1782, Little Thai Kitchen II, 2010-PER-209 (May 27, 2010) :: 1633 1831, 1861, 1889 Little Wicomico Oyster, LLC, 2018-TLC-29 (Nov. 1, 2018) :: 1229 Logan, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 367 (BIA 1980) :: 132, 145 Litvin v. Chertoff, 586 F.Supp.2d 9 (D. Mass. 2008) :: 1928 Logue v. U.S., 412 U.S. 521 (1973) :: 2132 Litvinov v. Holder, 605 F.3d 548 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1047 Loho v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 1016 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 978, 1003, Liu v. Ashcroft, 372 F.3d 529 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 678, 982, 987, 994 1014 Liu v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 307 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 789, 936, 1844 Loja-Paguay v. Barr, 939 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 981 Liu v. DOJ, see Y-L-, Matter of, 24 I&N Dec. 151 Lok v. INS, 548 F.2d 37 (2d Cir. 1977) :: 2112 Liu v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 109 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 2087 Lolong v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) :: Liu v. Holder, 575 F.3d 193 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 955, 1051 803, 848, 1048, 1830 Liu v. INS, 274 F.3d 533 (D.C. Cir. 2001) :: 2029 Loma Linda Foods, Inc., 1989-INA-289 (1991) :: 1700 Liu v. INS, 508 F.3d 716 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1898, 1903, 1906 Lombera-Valdovinos; U.S. v., 429 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 403, Liu v. Lynch, 149 F.Supp.3d 778 (S.D. Tex. 2016) :: 1417 407 Liu v. Novak, 509 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 1929, 1950, 1970 Lona v. Barr, 958 F.3d 1225 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 1870, 1880 Liu v. SEC, see SEC v. Liu London Typographers, Inc. v. Sava, 628 F.Supp. 570 (S.D.N.Y. Liu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 555 F.3d 145 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 1873 1986) :: 2056 Liu v. Waters, 55 F.3d 421 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1997 Lone Star Lining Co., 2019-TLN-40 (Mar. 4. 2019) :: 1246 Liu Jin Lin v. Barr, 944 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1872 Long v. DHS, 113 F.Supp.3d 100 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 606 Liu Jin Lin v. Holder, 723 F.3d 300 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1023, 1836 Long v. DHS, 436 F.Supp.2d 38 (D.D.C. 2006) :: 603 Living Earth Landscape Design LLC, 2009-PER-480 (Apr. 15, Long v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 516 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 1828 2010) :: 1621 Long v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 37 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 998 Living Light Int'l, 2015-PER-661 (Feb. 21, 2019) :: 1615 Long v. ICE, 149 F.Supp.3d 39 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 605, 608, 611, Li Wang v. INS, 872 F.2d 685 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 1735, 2066 615, 623–24 Li Wu Lin v. INS, 238 F.3d 239 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 1030 Long v. ICE, 279 F.Supp.3d 226 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 608 Liying Qiu v. Sessions, 870 F.3d 1200 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 1010 Long-Gang Lin v. Holder, 630 F.3d 536 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 636, 956, 1992, 1995 Li Yin Zheng v. Holder, 722 F.3d 986 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1025 Long Hao Lin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 633 F.3d 136 (3d Cir. 2011) :: Li Yun Lin v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 1164 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 865 796 Lizama v. Holder, 629 F.3d 440 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 825, 863, 893 Longstaff, In re; 716 F.2d 1439 (5th Cir. 1983) :: 98 Lizarbe v. Rondon, 642 F.Supp.2d 473 (D. Md. 2009) :: 2142, Longwood Village Restaurant, Ltd. v. Ashcroft, 157 F.Supp.2d 61 2144, 2148–49, 2151 (D.D.C. 2001) :: 1602, 2031 Lizardi-Maldonado; U.S. v., 275 F.Supp.3d 1284 (D. Utah 2017) :: Lonyem v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 352 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 722, 389, 540 1813, 1820 TABLE OF CASES 2537

Lopes v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 583, 713–15, Lopez de Hincapie v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 213 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 719 834 Lopes v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 58 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 321 Lopez De Jesus v. INS, 312 F.3d 155 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 223, 2123 Lopez, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 725 (BIA 1971) :: 136 Lopez-Dubon v. Holder, 609 F.3d 642 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 703, 713, Lopez, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 183 (BIA 1975) :: 677 2007 Lopez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 16 (BIA 1998) :: 1856 Lopez-Elias v. Reno, 209 F.3d 788 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 327, 343 Lopez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 49 (BIA 2009) :: 903 Lopez-Esparza v. Holder, 770 F.3d 606 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1760, Lopez v. Aran, 699 F.Supp. 365 (D.P.R. 1988) :: 2163 1766 Lopez v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 799 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 788, 832, 842 Lopez-Fernandez v. Holder, 735 F.3d 1043 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 485 Lopez v. Barr, 925 F.3d 396 (9th Cir. 2019), reh'g en banc Lopez-Flores v. DHS, 376 F.3d 793 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 153, 1473 granted, 948 F.3d 989 (2020) :: 577 Lopez-Flores v. DHS, 387 F.3d 773 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 743, 1487, Lopez v. Ezell, 716 F.Supp. 443 (S.D. Cal. 1989) :: 181, 1440 1787 Lopez v. Garriga, 917 F.2d 63 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 2018 Lopez-Flores; U.S. v., 275 F.3d 661 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 408 Lopez v. Gonzales, 549 U.S. 47 (2006) :: 149, 306, 313–14, 343, Lopez-Gabriel v. Holder, 653 F.3d 683 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 484–86 346, 456 Lopez-Galarza v. INS, 99 F.3d 954 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 837, 1016, Lopez v. Heinauer, 332 F.3d 507 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 2094 1018 Lopez v. Henley, 416 F.3d 455 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 2074, 2302 Lopez-Garcia; U.S. v., 565 F.3d 1306 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 408, 489, Lopez v. Holder, 563 F.3d 107 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 573–74 497 Lopez v. Holder, 723 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1876 Lopez-Gomez v. Ashcroft, 263 F.3d 442 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 849 Lopez v. Holder, 740 F.3d 207 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1401 Lopez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 687 F.3d 900 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 451 Lopez v. INS, 184 F.3d 1097 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 641, 708 Lopez-Iraeta; U.S. v., 129 F.3d 1206 (11th Cir. 1997) :: 2340 Lopez v. INS, 758 F.2d 1390 (10th Cir. 1985) :: 505 Lopez-Jacuinde v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1215 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 306, Lopez v. INS, 775 F.2d 1015 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 806 310 Lopez v. INS, No. 78-1912-WMB (C.D. Cal. Aug. 20, 1992) :: 509 Lopez-Lopez v. Aran, 844 F.2d 898 (1st Cir. 1988) :: 503 Lopez v. James Jung, Hallmark Cleaners, 10 OCAHO no. 1171 Lopez-Lopez v. County of Allegan, 321 F.Supp.3d 794 (W.D. (OCAHO Mar. 4, 2013) :: 2266 Mich. 2018) :: 534 Lopez v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 484 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 310, 891, 1045, Lopez-Lopez v. Sessions, 885 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 833 2047 Lopez-Marroquin v. Barr, 955 F.3d 759 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 2090 Lopez v. Richardson, 647 F.Supp.2d 1356 (N.D. Ga. 2009) :: Lopez-Martinez; U.S. v., 543 F.3d 509 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 429 2143 Lopez-Matias v. State, 504 SW3d 716 (Mo 2016) (en banc) :: 518 Lopez v. Sessions, 851 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 67 Lopez-Mejia v. INS, 798 F.Supp. 625 (C.D. Cal. 1992) :: 739 Lopez v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 464 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1957 Lopez-Mendez v. Holder, 698 F.3d 675 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 826 Lopez v. Sessions, 901 F.3d 1071 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 308, 1751, Lopez-Mendoza; INS v., 468 U.S. 1032 (1984) :: 484 1756, 2121 Lopez-Menera; U.S. v., 542 F.Supp.2d 1025 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: Lopez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 504 F.3d 1341 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 801 421 Lopez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 914 F.3d 1292 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 145, Lopez-Meza, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1188 (BIA 1999) (en banc) :: 289, 308–9, 694, 1823 129, 133, 135, 144 Lopez; U.S. v., 84 F.Supp.3d 482 (W.D.N.C. 2015) :: 419 Lopez-Molina v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 1206 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1958 Lopez; U.S. v., 445 F.3d 90 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 413 Lopez-Monzon, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 280 (Comm. 1979) :: 230, Lopez; U.S. v., 484 F.3d 1186 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) :: 172, 1733 425 Lopez-Moreno; U.S. v., 420 F.3d 420 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 491 Lopez; U.S. v., 521 F.2d 437 (2d Cir. 1975) :: 428–29 Lopez Ordonez v. Barr, 956 F.3d 238 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 806, 828, Lopez; U.S. v., 590 F.3d 1238 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 429 831 Lopez; U.S. v., 650 F.3d 952 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 388 Lopez-Ortiz; U.S. v., 313 F.3d 225 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 421, 598, Lopez; U.S. v., 762 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 400, 675 1726 Lopez; U.S. v., 929 F.3d 783 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 442 Lopez-Patino; U.S. v., 391 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 322, 365 Lopez; U.S. v., 940 F.Supp. 920 (E.D. Va. 1996) :: 766 Lopez Perez v. Holder, 587 F.3d 456 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1009, Lopez-Aguilar v. Barr, 921 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 330 1043, 1843 Lopez-Aguilar v. Barr, 948 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 354 Lopez Ramos v. Barr, 942 F.3d 376 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 2281 Lopez-Aguilar v. Marion Cnty. Sheriff's Dep't, 296 F.Supp.3d 959, Lopez Reyes v. Bonnar, 362 F.Supp.3d 762 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: (S.D. Ind. 2017), rev'd on other grounds, 924 F.3d 375 (7th 520 Cir. 2019) :: 533, 536 Lopez-Reyes v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 698 Lopez-Aldana, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 49 (BIA 2009) :: 903 Lopez-Reyes v. INS, 79 F.3d 908 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 980, 1841 Lopez-Alegria v. Ilchert, 632 F.Supp. 932 (N.D. Cal. 1986) :: 1916 Lopez-Reyes; U.S. v., 589 F.3d 667 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 448, 452, Lopez-Alvarado v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 847 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1761, 454 1780, 1974 Lopez-Rodriguez v. Mukasey, 536 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2008) :: Lopez-Amador v. Holder, 649 F.3d 880 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1047 485 Lopez-Amaro, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 668 (BIA 1993), aff'd, Lopez-Ruiz v. Ashcroft, 298 F.3d 886 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1860 Lopez-Amaro v. INS, 25 F.3d 986 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 295, Lopez-Tellez v. INS, No. 96-1432-BTM (CGA) (S.D. Cal. Sept. 372 26, 1996) :: 541, 544 Lopez-Angel v. Barr, 952 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 277, 2007 Lopez-Tubac; U.S. v., 943 F.3d 1156 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 494 Lopez-Barrios, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 203 (BIA 1990) :: 271, 274, Lopez-Umanzor v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 576, 712 471, 665, 1768 Lopez-Birrueta v. Holder, 633 F.3d 1211 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1767– Lopez-Urenda v. Ashcroft, 345 F.3d 783 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 583 68, 2112 Lopez-Valdez; U.S. v., 102 F.Supp.2d 728 (W.D. Tex. 2000) :: Lopez-Castellanos v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 848 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 493 370, 1731, 1770, 1781, 2120 Lopez-Valdez; U.S. v., 178 F.3d 282 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 493 Lopez-Castro v. Holder, 577 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 834 Lopez-Valencia v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 863 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 329 Lopez-Chamu; U.S. v., 373 F.Supp.2d 1014 (C.D. Cal. 2005) :: Lopez-Valenzuela v. Arpaio, 770 F.3d 772 (9th Cir. 2014) (en 671 banc) :: 51, 518 Lopez-Chavez v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 650 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1740 Lopez-Valenzuela v. County of Maricopa, 770 F.3d 772 (9th Cir. Lopez-Chavez; U.S. v., 757 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 309, 416, 2014) (en banc) :: 43, 470 420, 641 Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 2036 Lopez-Collazo; U.S. v., 824 F.3d 453 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 469, 694, Lopez-Vasquez; U.S. v., 1 F.3d 751 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 422, 646 736 Lopez-Vasquez; U.S. v., 227 F.3d 476 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 410, 423, Lopez-Coronado de Lopez v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 721 (8th Cir. 458, 1907, 1985 2018) :: 789, 846 2538 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Lopez-Velasquez; U.S. v., 629 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2010) (en banc) L-S-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 705 (BIA 2012) :: 835, 845, 2077, :: 418, 598 2093 Lopez-Venegas v. Johnson, No. 2:13-cv-03972-JAK-PLA (C.D. LS&G Electrical Contractors, Inc., 2011-PER-1902 (Sept. 30, Cal. Aug. 18, 2014) :: 252 2013) :: 1655 Lopez Ventura v. Sessions, 907 F.3d 306 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 146, L-S-J-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 973 (BIA 1997) :: 875 2117, 2120 L-S-M-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2016-03 (AAO Feb. 23, Lord v. Chertoff, 526 F.Supp.2d 435 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 2168, 2016) :: 1358, 1737 2173 L-T-P-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 862 (BIA 2016) :: 1057 Lordmila C. Poole, 2012-PER-1738 (Mar. 25, 2016) :: 1632 Lu v. Ashcroft, 259 F.3d 127 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 274, 643 Lorenzo v. Barr, 929 F.3d 379 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 1871, 1873, Lu v. U.S., 921 F.3d 850 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 2166 1875, 1879, 1882 Lu-Ann Bakery Shop, Inc. v. Nelson, 705 F.Supp. 7 (D.D.C. 1988) Lorenzo v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1278 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 741–42, :: 1604 744, 1990 Lubale v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 1078 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1736 Lorenzo-Gonzales v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 754 (8th Cir. 2005) :: Lubary v. El Floridita d/b/a Buenos Ayres Bar & Grill, 2010-LCA- 1047 20, ARB No. 16-137 (ARB Apr. 30, 2012) :: 1211, 1219 Lori Discolo, 2007-PER-108 (Dec. 17, 2007) :: 1612 Lubo; U.S. v., 262 F.Supp.2d 727 (W.D. Tex. 2003) :: 421 Lorillard v. Pons, 434 U.S. 575 (1978) :: 2109 Lucacela v. Reno, 161 F.3d 1055 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 2089 Lorisme v. INS, 129 F.3d 1441 (11th Cir. 1997) :: 1048, 1848, Lucaj v. Dedvukaj, 13 F.Supp.3d 753 (E.D. Mich. 2014) :: 2291, 2088 2296, 2331 Los Altos Market, 2008-INA-160 (Aug. 6, 2008) :: 1620 Lucaj v. Dedvukaj, 749 F.Supp.2d 601 (E.D. Mich. 2010) :: 2303, Los Angeles, City of, v. Barr, 929 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 56 2332 Los Angeles, City of, v. Barr, 941 F.3d 931 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 56 Lucaj v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 203 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 2094 Los Angeles, City of, v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1983) :: 234, 1955, Lucas v. Jerusalem Café, LLC, 721 F.3d 927 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 2023 2248 Los Angeles Ctr. of Commerce, 2008-PER-167 (Feb. 25, 2009) :: Lucas v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 1028 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 369 1677 Lucci By Lucci v. Lebanese Canadian Bank, SAL, 834 F.3d 201 Los Angeles Unified Sch. Dist., 2012-PER-3153 (Jan. 23, 2017) :: (2d Cir. 2016) :: 2144–45 1661 Lucia v. SEC, 138 S.Ct. 2044 (2018) :: 731 Louie, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 223 (BIA 1963) :: 1771 Luciana v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 502 F.3d 273 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 919 Louis v. Meissner, 530 F.Supp. 924 (S.D. Fla. 1981) :: 271, 583, Luciano-Vicente v. INS, 786 F.2d 706 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 2102 647, 939–40 Lucid Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-774 (Sept. 3, 2015) :: 1708–9 Louis v. Meissner, 532 F.Supp. 881 (S.D. Fla. 1982) :: 2027 Lucio; U.S. v., 428 F.3d 519 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 442 Louis v. Nelson, 544 F.Supp. 973 (S.D. Fla. 1982), aff'd sub nom. Lucio-Lucio; U.S. v., 347 F.3d 1202 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 319, 325 on other grounds, Jean v. Nelson, 472 U.S. 846 (1985) :: Lucio-Rayos v. Sessions, 875 F.3d 573 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 140, 250, 252, 939, 1922 366, 692, 730, 1724, 1750, 1762 Louisiana Crane Co., LLC d/b/a Louisiana Crane & Constr.; U.S. Lucky Stripes Ranch, 2012-PER-539 (Dec. 23, 2014) :: 1676 v., 11 OCAHO no. 1246 (Mar. 12, 2015) :: 2266–67, 2274– Ludwig Kersten v. Lagard, Inc. & Masco Corp., ARB No. 06-111 75 (Oct. 17, 2008) :: 1210 Louisiana Forestry Ass'n v. Secretary of Labor, 745 F.3d 653 (3d Lue; U.S. v., 134 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 42 Cir. 2014) :: 1249, 2073 Luevano v. Holder, 660 F.3d 1207 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 485, 592–93 Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra v. INS, 44 F.Supp.2d 800 (E.D. Lugo v. Holder, 783 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 144, 390 La. 1999) :: 2056, 2061 Lugo-Resendez v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1881– Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra v. INS, 2000 WL 282785 (E.D. 82 La. Mar. 15, 2000) :: 1183, 1850, 2055 Lui v. Holder, 600 F.3d 980 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1997 Louis-Martin v. Ridge, 322 F.Supp.2d 556 (M.D. Pa. 2004) :: 668, Luigi's Restaurant, 2009-PER-357 (Aug. 31, 2009) :: 1617, 1646, 725, 894, 930–31, 2005 1712 Louissaint, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 754 (BIA 2009) :: 138 Luis v. INS, 196 F.3d 36 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 1869, 1967 Loulou v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 706 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 974, 1740, Luis R. v. Maria Elena G, 990 N.Y.S.2d 851 (App. Div. 2014) :: 1813 1553 Lovan v. Holder, 574 F.3d 990 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 369, 878, 1758, Luis-Rodriguez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 747 (BIA 1999) :: 190, 1792, 2117, 2120 280, 1828–29 Lovano v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 815 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 132 Lujan v. National Wildlife Fed'n, 497 U.S. 871 (1990) :: 2018, Love Korean Church v. Chertoff, 549 F.3d 749 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 2123 1547 Lujan-Armendariz, see Roldan, Matter of (22 I&N Dec. 512) Lovell v. INS, 52 F.3d 458 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 585 Lujan-Quintana, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 53 (BIA 2009) :: 247 Lovo-Lara, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 746 (BIA 2005) :: 1406 Lukaj v. U.S. Att'y Gen, 953 F.3d 1305 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 318 Lowe v. Sessions, 872 F.3d 713 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 634, 1994 Lukowski v. INS, 279 F.3d 644 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 40, 228, 482, Loza v. Mitchell, 766 F.3d 466 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 735, 2161 2044, 2048 Lozada, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 637 (BIA), aff'd, 857 F.2d 10 (1st Lukwago v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 157 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 797, 813, Cir. 1988) :: 274, 561, 634, 640, 644, 1729, 1782, 1859 815, 820, 888, 1039, 2064 Lozada v. Deeds, 498 U.S. 430 (1991) (per curiam) :: 384 LULAC v. Bredesen, 500 F.3d 523 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 41, 2022 Lozada v. INS, 857 F.2d 10 (1st Cir. 1988) :: 479, 1824 LULAC v. INS, see Catholic Social Services v. Meese Lozano v. City of Hazelton, 2015 WL 5895545 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 6, LULAC v. Pasadena Sch. Dist., 662 F.Supp. 443 (S.D. Tex. 2015) :: 2179 1987) :: 2256 Lozano v. City of Hazleton, 724 F.3d 297 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 49, 53 LULAC v. Wilson, 997 F.Supp. 1244 (C.D. Cal. 1997) :: 1510 Lozano v. Montoya Alvarez, 697 F.3d 41 (2d Cir. 2012), aff'd 134 LULAC and LeClerc v. Webb, 419 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 41 S.Ct. 1224 (2014) :: 187 Lum, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 55 (BIA 1964) :: 1381 Lozano; U.S. v., 138 F.3d 915 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 458 Lumaj v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 194 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 Lozano-Arredondo v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2017) :: Lumaj v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 574 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 1045 122, 125, 136, 684, 1762, 2082 Lumanauw v. Mukasey, 510 F.3d 75 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 Lozano-Giron v. INS, 506 F.2d 1073 (7th Cir. 1974) :: 141 Lumataw v. Holder, 582 F.3d 78 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 861, 863, 1987 Lozano-Zuniga v. Lynch, 832 F.3d 822 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 794 Luna, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 385 (BIA 1983) :: 1409 Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, Fla., 138 S.Ct. 1947 (2018) :: Luna v. Holder, 637 F.3d 85 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 716, 1863, 1880, 2129 1895, 2036, 2057, 2085 L-P-F-N-, Matter of; ID# 5236914 (AAO Nov. 8, 2019) :: 225 Luna v. Holder, 659 F.3d 753 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1754 L-R-R-, Matter of; ID# 1034011 (AAO Mar. 22, 2018) :: 1537 Luna v. INS, 709 F.2d 126 (1st Cir. 1983) :: 1889 L-S-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 645 (BIA 1999) :: 872, 874 TABLE OF CASES 2539

Luna v. Ridge, 436 F.Supp.2d 1163 (S.D. Cal. 2006) :: 2163 M-1 LLC (a/k/a M-1 Swaco) 2011-PER-1256 (Aug. 23, 2012) :: Luna; U.S. v., 436 F.3d 312 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 418 1636 Luna-Aponte v. Holder, 743 F.Supp.2d 189 (W.D.N.Y. 2011) :: M5 Networks, 2012-PER-3454 (Nov. 16, 2016) :: 1697 548 Ma, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 70 (BIA 1974) :: 1409 Luna-Garcia v. Barr, 932 F.3d 285 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 713 Ma, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 394 (BIA 1991) :: 1446 Luna-Garcia v. Holder, 777 F.3d 1182 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 745, Ma v. Ashcroft, 208 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. 2001), see Zadvydas v. 929, 1901, 1989 Davis Luna-Garcia de Garcia v. Barr, 921 F.3d 559 (5th Cir. 2019) :: Ma v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 553 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1027, 1408 1990 Ma v. Chertoff, 547 F.3d 342 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 2167 Luna-Rodriguez v. INS, 104 F.3d 313 (10th Cir. 1997) :: 1771 M.A. v. INS, 899 F.2d 304 (4th Cir. 1990) (en banc), aff'g Matter Luna-Romero v. Barr, 949 F.3d 292 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 1000 of A-G-, 19 I&N Dec. 502 (BIA 1987) :: 796, 808, 963, 1038, Luna Torres v. Lynch, 578 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 1619 (2016) :: 316, 1887, 1889, 2058 344 M.A. v. Reno, 114 F.3d 128 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 2011 Lung Associates, P.A.; Administrator, WHD v., 2007-LCA-13, Ma v. Reno, 208 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 2116 ARB No. 09-29 (ARB Mar. 24, 2011) :: 1199, 1213–14, Maalouf v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 923 F.3d 1095 (D.C. Cir. 1217–18 2019) :: 2158 Lunn v. Commonwealth, 78 N.E.3d 1143 (Mass. 2017) :: 535 Maalouf v. Wiemann, 654 F.Supp.2d 6 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1318, Luntungan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 449 F.3d 551 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 710, 2001 1865, 1879 Maashio v. INS, 45 F.3d 1235 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 1759 Luo v. Coultice, 178 F.Supp.2d 1135 (C.D. Cal. 2001) :: 1951 Maatougui v. Holder, 738 F.3d 1230 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 1778, Lupera-Espinoza v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 716 F.3d 781 (3d Cir. 2013) 1878, 1883 :: 1755 M-A-B-A-, Matter of; ID# 15163 (AAO Feb. 9, 2016) :: 1536 Lusingo v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 193 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 652, 1049 Mabasa v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 740 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1007, 1906, Lustig v. U.S., 338 U.S. 74 (1949) :: 486 1987 Lutheran Med. Ctr., 1991-INA-302 (May 26, 1993) :: 1665 Mabikas v. INS, 358 F.3d 145 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1044, 1886 Lutheran Ministries of Fla., Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 185 (BIA 1990) Mabugat v. INS, 937 F.2d 426 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 1729 :: 654 Macareno v. Thomas, 378 F.Supp.3d 933 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: Lutwak v. U.S., 344 U.S. 604 (1954) :: 1413 486, 2129, 2163 Luu-Le v. INS, 224 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 145, 147 Machado v. State, 839 A.2d 509 (R.I. 2003) :: 383 Luviano, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 235 (BIA 1996) :: 392 Machado Amadis v. DOJ, 366 F.Supp.3d 82 (D.D.C. 2019) :: Luviano, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 718 (AG 2005) :: 392 605–6 Luyon Corp., 2007-PER-27 (June 12, 2007) :: 1623, 1632 Macias; U.S. v., 740 F.3d 96 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 73, 406, 409 Luziga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 937 F.3d 244 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 872, 955, Macias-Carreon v. Holder, 716 F.3d 1286 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 145 2093 Maciel-Alcala; U.S. v., 612 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 437 L-V-C-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 594 (BIA 1999) :: 124, 143–44 Maciel-Vasquez; U.S. v., 458 F.3d 994 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 446, 453 L-V-K-, Matter of, see Konstantinova v. INS Macintosh; U.S. v., 283 U.S. 605 (1931) :: 2304 L.V.M. v. Lloyd, 318 F.Supp.3d 601 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 523, 1919, Macleod v. INS, 327 F.2d 453 (9th Cir. 1964) :: 566 2044, 2104 M-A-C-O-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 477 (BIA 2018) :: 937 Lwin v. INS, 144 F.3d 505 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 808, 816, 820, 1006 Macotaj v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 464 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 1741 L-X-, Matter of; ID# 1086596 (AAO Mar. 16, 2018) :: 1537 Mada-Luna v. Fitzpatrick, 813 F.2d 1006 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1921 L-X-, Matter of; ID# 1532575 (AAO Dec. 10, 2018), 2018 WL Madany v. Smith, 696 F.2d 1008 (D.C. Cir. 1983) :: 1608, 1664 6982215 (DHS) :: 1564 Madar v. USCIS, 918 F.3d 120 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 2281 L. Xia v. Tillerson, 865 F.3d 643 (D.C. Cir. 2017) :: 477, 2004, Madd Potter, Inc., 2014-PER-349 (Dec. 6, 2017) :: 1641 2008, 2279, 2318–19, 2327, 2333–35 Madeira v. Affordable Housing Found., Inc., 469 F.3d 219 (2d Cir. Ly v. Hansen, 351 F.3d 263 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 517 2006) :: 2253 Ly v. Holder, 614 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 805, 1029 U.S. ex rel. Madej v. Schomig, 223 F.Supp.2d 968 (N.D. Ill. 2002) Ly v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 126 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 964, 992 :: 735 Lyashchynska v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 676 F.3d 962 (11th Cir. 2012) :: Madeleine S. Bloom, 1988-INA-152 (Oct. 13, 1989) :: 1645–46, 798, 1003 1711 Lybesha v. Holder, 569 F.3d 877 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 664, 672, 1722 Madigan Productions, 2009-PER-33 (June 23, 2009) :: 1632 Lyden v. Howerton, 731 F.Supp. 1545 (S.D. Fla. 1990) :: 2177 The Madison Sch., 2000-INA-52 (Mar. 30, 2000) :: 1662 Lynch v. Cannatella, 810 F.2d 1363 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 260, 265, Madjakpor v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 1040 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1014 2164 Madrid v. Robinson, 218 F.Supp.3d 482 (W.D. Va. 2016) :: 115 Lyon v. ICE, 171 F.Supp.3d 961 (N.D. Cal. 2016) :: 267 Madrid-Tavarez v. INS, 999 F.2d 111 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 1749 Lyons v. Pearce, 298 Or. 554 (1985) :: 391 Madrigal, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 323 (BIA 1996) :: 296, 681 Lyons v. Pearce, 676 P.2d 905 (Or. App. 1984) :: 387 Madrigal v. Holder, 572 F.3d 239 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 277, 1828, Lyttle v. U.S., 867 F.Supp.2d 1256 (M.D. Ga. 2012) :: 2023, 2007 2132, 2135–36, 2139, 2164–65 Madrigal v. Holder, 716 F.3d 499 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 787, 800, 803, 819, 829, 884, 1028 M Madrigal v. Tellez, 848 F.3d 669 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 188 Madrigal-Barcenas v. Lynch, 797 F.3d 643 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 145, M-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 131 (BIA 1944) :: 120 147, 290 M-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 686 (BIA 1946) :: 140 Madriz-Alvarado v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 321 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 374, M-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 721 (BIA/AG 1946) :: 138, 140 394 M-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 272 (BIA 1948) :: 140 Madu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 470 F.3d 1362 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 1901, M-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 850 (BIA 1950) :: 2286 1912, 1934, 1937, 1979 M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 140 (BIA 1956) :: 98 Maduka v. Meissner, 114 F.3d 1240 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 2169 M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 144 (BIA 1956) :: 136 Maduno; U.S. v., 40 F.3d 1212 (11th Cir. 1994) :: 2292, 2327, M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 251 (BIA 1956) :: 151 2338 M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 556 (BIA 1957) :: 1410 M-A-F-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 651 (BIA 2015) :: 862, 952, 971 M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 601 (BIA 1957) :: 1413 Magala v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 523 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1720 M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 643 (RC 1958) :: 2282 Magalhaes v. Napolitano, 941 F.Supp.2d 150 (D. Mass. 2013) :: M-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 24 (BIA/AG 1958) :: 1176, 1284 1961 M-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 118 (BIA 1958) :: 1379 Magallanes v. U.S., 184 F.Supp.3d 1372 (N.D. Ga. 2015) :: 1982, M-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 217 (BIA 1958) :: 1406 2134, 2141 M-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 118 (BIA 1960) :: 177, 1730 Magana, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 111 (BIA 1979) :: 736 Magana-Pizano v. INS, 200 F.3d 603 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 2121 2540 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Magasouba v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 336, 338, Makieh v. Holder, 572 F.3d 37 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 345, 472, 628, 1905, 1958 Makir-Marwil v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 681 F.3d 1227 (11th Cir. 2012) :: Magdeleno de Morales v. INS, 116 F.3d 145 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 721 1060 Maghradze v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 150 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 714–15, Maknojiya v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 588 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 715, 719 720, 1034, 1886 Makonnen v. INS, 44 F.3d 1378 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 1014, 2099 Maghsoudi v. INS, 181 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 132, 1828 Makowski v. U.S., 27 F.Supp.3d 901 (N.D. Ill. 2014) :: 536, 538, Magna Infotech, Ltd., 2012-PER-1915 (Feb. 17, 2017) :: 1648 620, 2135–36 Magnifico v. Villanueva, 783 F.Supp.2d 1217 (S.D. Fla. 2011) :: Makransky v. Johnson, 176 F.Supp.3d 217 (E.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 2152, 2254 1329 Magnolia Educ. & Research Found., 2012-PER-2127 (Oct. 28, Makundi v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 1023 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1886 2016) :: 1668 Malagon De Fuentes v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 498 (5th Cir. 2006) :: Magnuson v. Baker, 911 F.2d 330 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 2318 76, 227, 481 Magtanong v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1819, Malak v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 533 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 1819 2114 Malave v. Holder, 610 F.3d 483 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 618, 660, 674– Mahabir v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1602 75, 1437, 1722 Mahadeo v. Reno, 226 F.3d 3 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 1935 Maldonado v. Holder, 763 F.3d 155 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 480, 485, Mahal, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 409 (BIA 1967) :: 1392 487, 670, 676, 699 Mahalaxmi Amba Jewelers v. Johnson, No. 14-1221-JTM (D. Maldonado v. Lynch, 786 F.3d 1155 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc) :: Kan. Sept. 9, 2015) :: 1285 805, 892, 931–32, 978, 997, 1030, 1041, 1888, 1988, 2030 Mahamat v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 1281 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 1816, Maldonado v. Macias, 150 F.Supp.3d 788 (W.D. Tex. 2015) :: 2001 1940 Maharaj v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 961 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc) :: Maldonado v. Thaler, 662 F.Supp.2d 684 (S.D. Tex. 2009) :: 735 852–54 Maldonado v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 664 F.3d 1369 (11th Cir. 2011) :: Mahedo; Commonwealth v., 397 Mass. 314 (1986) :: 387 568, 629, 1897, 1958 Maher, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 680 (RC 1968) :: 1543 Maldonado; U.S. v., 33 F.Supp.3d 1178 (S.D. Cal. 2014) :: 417, Mahini v. INS, 779 F.2d 1419 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 873 597 Mahler v. Eby, 264 U.S. 32 (1924) :: 1935 Maldonado-Coronel v. McElroy, 943 F.Supp. 376 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) Mahmood v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 248 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 709, 1883 :: 1433, 1953, 2015 Mahmood v. Holder, 570 F.3d 466 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1471, 1737, Maldonado-Cruz, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 509 (BIA 1988), rev'd, 1870, 2042 Maldonado-Cruz v. INS, 883 F.2d 788 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 806 Mahmood v. Nielsen, 312 F.Supp.3d 417 (S.D.N.Y 2018) :: 751, Maldonado-Cruz v. INS, 883 F.2d 788 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 794 1941 Maldonado-Galindo v. Gonzales, 456 F.3d 1064 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Mahmood v. Sessions, 849 F.3d 187 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 1054, 1745, 1765, 2122 1063, 2074 Maldonado Nursery & Landscaping, Inc., 2018-TLN-112 (Apr. 18, Mahmoud v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 175 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1404 2018) :: 1261 Mahn v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 767 F.3d 170 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 130, 136, Maldonado-Padilla v. Holder, 651 F.3d 325 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 2089 2078 Maldonado-Perez v. INS, 865 F.2d 328 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 585, Mahon v. Johnson, 321 F.Supp.3d 320 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 1976 712, 941 Mai v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 162 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 640, 645, 1745, Maldonado-Ramirez; U.S. v., 216 F.3d 940 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 1804, 1860, 2058 367, 398, 456, 460 Maikovskis v. INS, 773 F.2d 435 (2d Cir. 1985) :: 211 Malek v. INS, 198 F.3d 1016 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 1001 Maimonides Med. Ctr., 1993-INA-534 (Nov. 29, 1994) :: 1692 Malenge; U.S. v., 472 F.Supp.2d 269 (N.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 435 Mainali v. Virginia, 873 F.Supp.2d 748 (E.D. Va. 2012) :: 1938 Malhi v. INS, 336 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1404, 1470, 1833 Maindrond v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 98 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 645, 1036, Malik v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 890 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 589, 592–93, 1860, 1887 1971, 1975 Maine State Building & Constr. Trades Council, AFL-CIO v. Chao, Malik v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 659 F.3d 253 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1413, 265 F.Supp.2d 105 (D. Me. 2003) :: 1961 1495 Maini v. INS, 212 F.3d 1167 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 1011, 1021 Malik; State v., 680 P.2d 770 (Wash. 1984) :: 387 Mainor Tile & Irrigation, Inc., 2018-TLC-30 (Oct. 10, 2018) :: 1231 Malilia v. Holder, 632 F.3d 598 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 294–96, 591, Mairena v. Barr, 917 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 871 1474, 1787 Mairykeeva v. Barr, 378 F.Supp.3d 391 (E.D. Pa. 2019) :: 1414 Malkandi v. Mukasey, 576 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 877–78, Maiwand v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 101 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1062 1003 Majano Garcia v. Martin, 379 F.Supp.3d 1301 (S.D. Fla. 2018) :: Malone, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 730 (BIA 1966) :: 1795, 1847 764 Malonga v. Holder, 621 F.3d 757 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 807, 847, 1022 Majd v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 590 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 1045 Malonga v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 546 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 819, 823, Majescomastek, 2013-PER-971 (Jan. 31, 2019) :: 1641 835 Majescomastek, 2016-PER-253 (June 27, 2019) :: 1612 Malta, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 656 (BIA 2004) :: 319, 327, 1818 Majia-Lopez v. Barr, 944 F.3d 764 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 844 Malta-Espinoza v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 982, 999 319, 327 Maka v. INS, see Maka's Akamia Serv. Malty v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 942 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1038, 1876 Makadji v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 450 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 837, 854–55 Malu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 764 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 737, Makalo v. Holder, 612 F.3d 93 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 958, 998, 1043 827, 892, 1018, 1020, 1904, 1993–94 Makarand Bidwal v. Bd. of Educ. of Prince George's Cnty., 2011- Malvoisin v. INS, 268 F.3d 74 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 2086 LCA-29, ARB No. 12-072 (ARB Nov. 5, 2012) :: 1218 M-A-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 474 (BIA 2011) :: 626, 646, 698, Makarand Bidwal v. Bd. of Educ. of Prince George's Cnty., 2011- 701, 705–6 LCA-29, ARB No. 12-072 (ARB Oct. 11, 2012) :: 1218 Mam v. Holder, 566 F.3d 280 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 998 Maka's Akamia Serv.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 36 (Dec. 15, 1988), Mama Mias LLC, 2012-PER-3464 (Aug. 25, 2017) :: 1645 aff'd, Maka v. INS, 904 F.2d 1351 (9th Cir. 1990), amended, Mamana v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 966 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1003 932 F.2d 1352 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2065, 2207, 2222, 2236–37 Mamani v. Berzain, 654 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 2123, 2151 Makatengkeng v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 793 Mamani v. Berzain, 825 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 2151 Make the Road N.Y. v. McAleenan, 405 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. Mambwe v. Holder, 572 F.3d 540 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 834, 843–44, 2019) :: 242, 1922 1047, 2007 Make the Road N.Y. v. Pompeo, No. 19-cv-11633-GDB (S.D.N.Y. Mamedov v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 918 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1011, 1827 July 29, 2020) :: 99 Mamigonian v. Biggs, 710 F.3d 936 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1888, 1919, Make the Road N.Y. v. Wolf, 962 F.3d 612 (D.C. Cir. 2020) :: 242, 1953, 1973, 1976, 2026, 2028, 2035 1984, 2042 Mammoser Farms, Inc., 2017-TLC-1 (Nov. 22, 2016) :: 1229 Makhoul v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 75 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 808 Mamoka v. INS, 43 F.3d 184 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 1475, 1785 TABLE OF CASES 2541

Mamouzian v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 805, Marcel Cleaners, Inc., 2009-PER-395 (2010) :: 1682 830, 867, 1030, 1050 Marceleno; U.S. v., 819 F.3d 1267 (10th Cir. 2016) :: 404 Man v. Barr, 940 F.3d 1354 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 222–23, 1352 Marcello v. Bonds, 349 U.S. 302 (1955) :: 476, 478, 1920 Manani v. Filip, 552 F.3d 894 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 933, 1021, 1047 Marcel Watch Corp.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 169 (1990) :: 2266 Mancebo-Santiago; U.S. v., 875 F.Supp. 1030 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: March Constr., Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1158 (Nov. 13, 2012) 402 :: 2218, 2223, 2228, 2230 Mancera, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 79 (BIA 1998) :: 714, 716 Marchena, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 355 (BIA 1967) :: 141, 143 Manchisi, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 132 (BIA 1967) :: 1415, 1789 Marciano v. INS, 450 F.2d 1022 (8th Cir. 1971) :: 129, 137 Mancilla-Delafuente v. Lynch, 804 F.3d 1262 (9th Cir. 2015) :: Marcos v. Gonzales, 410 F.3d 1112 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 787, 947, 138 986, 997 Mandarino v. Ashcroft, 318 F.Supp.2d 13 (D. Conn. 2003) :: Marcu; U.S. v., 210 F.Supp.3d 1234 (D. Nev. 2016) :: 2299 1940, 2008 Marcus v. Shalala, 17 F.3d 1033 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 2176 Mandebvu v. Holder, 755 F.3d 417 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 805, 846, Marczak v. Greene, 971 F.2d 510 (10th Cir. 1992) :: 258, 1945, 862, 890, 1037, 1040, 1987 2052 Mandoli v. Acheson, 344 U.S. 133 (1952) :: 2322 Mardones v. McElroy, 197 F.3d 619 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 1472, 1720 Mandujano-Real v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 585 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 331, Margalli-Olvera v. INS, 43 F.3d 345 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 444 650, 679, 691 Margaret Pirovano, 2010-TLN-59 (BALCA Apr. 30, 2010) :: 1262 Mandycz; U.S. v., 447 F.3d 951 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 2326 Margos v. Gonzales, 443 F.3d 593 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2000 Mandy Donuts Corp., 2009-PER-481 (Jan. 7, 2011) :: 1624, Marguet-Pillado; U.S. v., 560 F.3d 1078 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 673, 1647–48, 1706 675, 2282 Manes v. Sessions, 875 F.3d 1261 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 974 Marguet-Pillado; U.S. v., 648 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 404, Mangabat, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 75 (BIA 1972), aff'd sub nom. 407 Cabuco-Flores v. INS, 477 F.2d 108 (9th Cir. 1973) :: 1788, Margulis v. Holder, 725 F.3d 785 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 73, 406, 578 1791, 1817 Maria v. McElroy, 68 F.Supp.2d 206 (E.D.N.Y. 1999) :: 579, 2123 Mangaser, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 28 (BIA 1983) :: 1765 Maria Gonzalez, 2007-PER-24 (Apr. 25, 2007) :: 1612 Manguriu v. Lynch, 794 F.3d 119 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 2033, 2049, Maria S. as next friend for E.H.F. v. Garza, 912 F.3d 778 (5th Cir. 2096 2019) :: 2138, 2162 Manhani v. Barr, 942 F.3d 1176 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 918, 1789 Maria S., as next friend for E.H.F., S.H.F. & A.S.G. v. Doe, 267 Manjoukis, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 705 (DD 1971) :: 1327 F.Supp.3d 923 (S.D. Tex. 2017) :: 2163 Manju Software Solutions, Inc., 2013-PER-2242 (Feb. 26, 2019) Maria's Home for the Aged, 2009-PER-179 (July 13, 2009) :: :: 1683 1632 Manneh, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 272 (BIA 1977) :: 276 Maric v. Sessions, 854 F.3d 520 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 692, 1721, Manning v. Barr, 954 F.3d 477 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 890–92, 951, 1724, 1789 1960 Maricopa, County of; U.S. v., 889 F.3d 648 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 2132 Manoharan v. Rajapaksa, 711 F.3d 179 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 2160 Mariel Cubans, In re; 822 F.Supp. 192 (M.D. Pa. 1993) :: 1939 Manook, Estate of, v. Research Triangle Inst., 693 F.Supp.2d 4 Marikasi v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 281 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 1000, 1018 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 2150 Mariko v. Holder, 632 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 938, 998 Manragh; U.S. v., 428 F.Supp.2d 130 (E.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 421 Marimba Cocina Mexicana I, Inc., 2015-TLN-48 (June 4, 2015) :: Manrique, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 58 (BIA 1995) :: 392 1245 Manriquez-Alvarado; U.S. v., 953 F.3d 511 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 411 Marin, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 581 (BIA 1978) :: 163, 1758, 1790 Mansoori v. INS, 32 F.3d 1020 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 382 Marincas v. Lewis, 92 F.3d 195 (3d Cir. 1996) :: 695, 726, 935 Mansour, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 306 (DD 1965) :: 1156 Marin-Castano; U.S. v., 688 F.3d 899 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 447 Mansour v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 667 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 791 Marinelarena v. Barr, 930 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2019) (en banc) :: Mansour v. Holder, 739 F.3d 412 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1482, 2079 130–31, 146, 349, 366, 692, 1723, 1750 Mansour v. INS, 230 F.3d 902 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 889, 933, 991 Marinelarena v. Sessions, 930 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2019) (en Mansur v. Albright, 130 F.Supp.2d 59 (D.D.C. 2001) :: 1078, banc) :: 290–91, 306, 341 1085, 2012, 2042 Marin-Garcia v. Holder, 647 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1764, Mantell v. INS, 798 F.2d 124 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 479, 645 1779, 2022, 2026 Mantena v. Johnson, 809 F.3d 721 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 627, 1456, Marin-Marin v. Sessions, 852 F.3d 192 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 473, 479, 1600, 1967, 2016, 2018, 2025 580 Manuel v. City of Joliet, 137 S.Ct. 911 (2017) :: 265 Marin-Navarette; U.S. v., 244 F.3d 1284 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 303, Manwani v. DOJ, 736 F.Supp. 1367 (W.D.N.C. 1990) :: 44, 1403 305, 344, 369, 456 Manzanares-Sanabria; U.S. v., 814 F.Supp.2d 1155 (D.N.M. Marino v. DOJ, 993 F.Supp.2d 14 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 599 2011) :: 404 Marino v. INS, 537 F.2d 686 (2d Cir. 1976) :: 381, 395 Manzano-Garcia v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 462 (5th Cir. 2005) :: Marinov v. Holder, 687 F.3d 365 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 642 1887, 1966, 1973 Marin-Portillo v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 99 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1008 Manzo-Fontes v. INS, 53 F.3d 280 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1366, 2065 Marin-Quintero; U.S. v., 570 F.Supp.2d 509 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: Manzo-Jurado; U.S. v., 457 F.3d 928 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 493 766 Manzoor v. Chertoff, 472 F.Supp.2d 801 (E.D. Va. 2007) :: 2331 Marin-Rodriguez v. Holder, 612 F.3d 591 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1811, Manzoor v. DOJ, 254 F.3d 342 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 839, 842 1863 Manzur v. DHS, 494 F.3d 281 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 799 Marin-Rodriguez v. Holder, 710 F.3d 734 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 142, Mao v. George Nasser & Nasser Eng'g & Computing Servs., 2093 2005-LCA-36 (May 26, 2006), No. 06-121 (ARB Nov. 26, Marion General Hospital, 1986-INA-37 (1986) :: 1676 2008) :: 1199, 1201, 1215 Mario S., In re; 954 N.Y.S.2d 843 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 2012) :: 1553 Maple Derby, Inc., 1989-INA-185 (1991) :: 1668 Mariscal-Sandoval v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 851 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 67, Mapother v. DOJ, 3 F.3d 1533 (D.C. Cir. 1993) :: 612 2090 Mapouya v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 396 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 664, 729, Marisol N.H., In re; 979 N.Y.S.2d 643 (App. Div. 2d Dep't 2014) :: 890, 969–70, 981, 989, 994 1552 Mapoy v. Carroll, 185 F.3d 224 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 1982 Maritime Mgmt., Inc. v. U.S., 242 F.3d 1326 (11th Cir. 2001) :: Mapp v. Reno, 241 F.3d 221 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 254, 531, 550, 2166 1936, 2090 Maritrans GP, Inc. v. Pepper, Hamilton & Scheetz, 602 A.2d 1277 Maqaleh v. Hagel, 738 F.3d 312 (D.C. Cir. 2013) :: 551 (Pa. 1992) :: 655 Marambo v. Barr, 932 F.3d 650 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 871 Mar-Jac Poultry, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1148 (Mar. 15, Marathon Line N.Y., Inc., 2012-PER-803 (Aug. 19, 2015) :: 1652 2012) :: 2268 Maravilla Maravilla v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 855 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Mar-Jac Poultry, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1157 (Oct. 12, 633, 645, 1860 2012) :: 2268 Marcal Neto, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 169 (BIA 2010) :: 1480, 1599 2542 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Mar-Jac Poultry, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1298 (Mar. 3, 2017) Martinez v. Johnson, 104 F.Supp.3d 835 (W.D. Tex. 2015) :: :: 2260 2332, 2337 Mark Carter; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 897 (Oct. 29, 1996) :: 2211 Martinez v. Johnson, 740 F.3d 1040 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 741 Mark David Levine, M.D., Psychiatrists Professional, 2016-PER- Martinez v. Lockyer, 453 F.Supp.2d 1150 (C.D. Cal. 2006) :: 382, 163 (July 30, 2019) :: 1616 1945 Mark Edward Casse d/b/a. Casse Racing, LLC, 2018-TLN-14 Martinez v. Lynch, 785 F.3d 1262 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1878 (Dec. 6, 2017) :: 1245 Martinez v. McAleenan, 385 F.Supp.3d 349 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: Markovski v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 108 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 1331, 468, 745 1473, 1481 Martinez v. Mecca Farms, Inc., 213 F.R.D. 601 (S.D. Fla. 2002) :: Marks v. U.S., 430 U.S. 188 (1977) :: 2125 2105, 2249 Marks ex rel. SM v. Hochhauser, 876 F.3d 416 (2d Cir. 2017) :: Martinez v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 255 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 333, 335, 187 1813 Marku v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 982 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1031 Martinez v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 532 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 75, 227, Marlabs, Inc., 2010-PER-1574 (Mar. 16, 2012) :: 1630 330, 333, 337, 693, 1477, 2071, 2111 Marlabs, Inc., 2012-PER-1962 (July 14, 2016) :: 1630 Martinez v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 113 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 131, 146, Marlabs, Inc., 2013-PER-1125 (Nov. 9, 2017) :: 1695 309, 344, 348, 362, 366, 415, 692, 1723, 1750, 2113 Marlenny's Haircutters, 2009-PER-13 (Jan. 29, 2009) :: 1644 Martinez v. Napolitano, 704 F.3d 620 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1909 Marmolejo-Campos v. Holder, see Plasencia-Ayala v. Mukasey Martinez v. Nielsen, 341 F.Supp.3d 400 (D.N.J. 2018) :: 167, 765 Marnul; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 441 (July 21, 1992) :: 2185 Martinez v. Nygaard, 820 F.2d 1024 (9th Cir. 1987), superseded Marolf; U.S. v., 277 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 433 by 831 F.2d 822 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 491, 496, 499–500, 508 Marouf v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 174 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 694, 981, 994 Martinez v. Ray's Bar-B-Que, 9 OCAHO no. 1120 (Dec. 19, 2005) Marques v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 549 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 75, 182, 278, :: 2270 1473, 1477, 1844 Martinez v. Reich, 934 F.Supp. 232 (S.D. Tex. 1996) :: 1269, Marquez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 160 (BIA 1990) :: 1380 2032 Marquez v. INS, 105 F.3d 374 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 1827 Martinez v. Ryan, 566 U.S. 1 (2012) :: 396 Marquez-Almanzar v. INS, 418 F.3d 210 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 573, Martinez v. Secretary, DHS, 670 F.Supp.2d 1325 (M.D. Fla. 2088 2009) :: 2332 Marquez Conde, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 251 (BIA 2018) :: 378, Martinez v. Sessions, 873 F.3d 655 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 742, 746, 1816 1810, 2036, 2086 Marquez-Coromina v. Hollingsworth, 692 F.Supp.2d 565 (D. Md. Martinez v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 655 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 139–40, 2010) :: 261, 752–53, 760 328, 2074 Marquez-Marquez v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 548 (5th Cir. 2006) :: Martinez v. Sessions, 893 F.3d 1067 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 292, 307, 1779, 2283 352, 358 Marrero v. INS, 990 F.2d 772 (3d Cir. 1993) :: 1867, 2039 Martinez v. Superior Linen, 10 OCAHO no. 1180 (May 3, 2013) :: Marrero, 1986-INA-470 (BALCA 1986) :: 1691 2272 Marrero Pichardo v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 46 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 2007, Martinez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 446 F.3d 1219 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 2030, 2088 1778, 1905, 1972 Marroquin, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 705 (AG 2005) :: 392 Martinez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 693 F.3d 408 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 227 Marroquin-Ochoma v. Holder, 574 F.3d 574 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 805, Martinez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 906 F.3d 281 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 309, 808, 885, 887 353 Marroquin-Rivera v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 7 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 1042 Martinez; U.S. v., 434 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 400, 403, 453 Marsadu v. Holder, 748 F.3d 55 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1872 Martinez; U.S. v., 786 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 304, 401 Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983) :: 2109 Martinez; U.S. v., 843 F.Supp.2d 136 (D. Mass. 2012) :: 385 Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc., 436 U.S. 307 (1978) :: 500, 2208 Martinez-Aguero v. Gonzales, 459 F.3d 618 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 45, Marshall v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 444 F.3d 837 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 549, 2139, 2141, 2164 2167 Martinez-Amaya; U.S. v., 67 F.3d 678 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 422 Marshall v. Reno, 915 F.Supp. 426 (D.D.C. 1996) :: 462, 538, Martinez-Baez; U.S. v., 928 F.Supp.2d 291 (D. Mass. 2013) :: 2140 2339 Mars Jewelers, Inc. v. INS, 702 F.Supp. 1570 (N.D. Ga. 1988) :: Martinez-Barragan; U.S. v., 545 F.3d 894 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 452 1287 Martinez-Benitez v. INS, 956 F.2d 1053 (11th Cir. 1992) :: 380, Mart v. Beebe, 94 F.Supp.2d 1120 (D. Or. 2000) :: 1915, 1970, 388, 1723, 1760 1978 Martinez-Buendia v. Holder, 616 F.3d 711 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 804, Marta Fashions Sportswear, 1995-INA-193 (Feb. 3, 1998) :: 831 1542, 1670 Martinez-Cabrera v. Thornburgh, No. B-19-126 (S.D. Tex. Oct. 5, Marte; U.S. v., 356 F.3d 1336 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 402 1986) :: 2039 Martin, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 226 (BIA 1982) :: 134, 392, 397– Martinez-Camargo v. INS, 282 F.3d 487 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 481, 98 497 Martin, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 491 (BIA 2002) :: 298, 321, 324 Martinez-Carcamo v. Holder, 713 F.3d 916 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 475, Martin v. Gantner, 443 F.Supp.2d 367 (E.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 334, 485, 1995 693 Martinez-De Bojorquez v. Ashcroft, 365 F.3d 800 (9th Cir. 2004) Martin v. Hadix, 527 U.S. 343 (1999) :: 2117 :: 471, 1828 Martin v. Heckler, 773 F.2d 1145 (11th Cir. 1985) (en banc) :: Martinez-De Ryan v. Whitaker, 909 F.3d 247 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 2167, 2173 1762, 2125 Martin v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 1201 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 2035 Martinez-de Ryan v. Whitaker, 909 F.3d 247 (9th Cir. 2018) :: Martinez, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 399 (BIA 1983) :: 1376 123, 141 Martinez v. Barr, 941 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 714, 1902, 2060, Martinez Espinoza, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 118 (BIA 2009) :: 147, 2087 150, 226, 289, 2082 Martinez v. Cahue, 826 F.3d 983 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 188 Martinez-Fuerte; U.S. v., 428 U.S. 543 (1976) :: 483, 502 Martinez v. Calimlim, 651 F.Supp.2d 852 (E.D. Wis. 2009) :: 2254 Martinez-Galarza v. Holder, 782 F.3d 990 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 833 Martinez v. DHS, 502 F.Supp.2d 631 (E.D. Mich. 2007) :: 1430, Martinez-Garcia v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 732 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1923 1915, 1973, 1977, 2003 Martinez-Garcia; U.S. v., 268 F.3d 460 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 340 Martinez v. Gonzales, 463 F.Supp.2d 569 (E.D. Va. 2006) :: 2331 Martinez-Gonzalez, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1035 (BIA 1997) :: Martinez v. Gonzales, 504 F.Supp.2d 887 (C.D. Cal. 2007) :: 754 1376–77 Martinez v. Holder, 557 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1003 Martinez-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 663 F.3d 1305 (11th Cir. 2011) :: Martinez v. Holder, 740 F.3d 902 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 815, 821, 2078 338, 455, 694 Martinez v. INS, 523 F.3d 365 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 2121 Martinez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 912 F.3d 1207 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 328 Martinez v. INS, 970 F.2d 973 (1st Cir. 1992) :: 2064 TABLE OF CASES 2543

Martinez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 932 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2019) :: Masnauskas v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 44, 330, 412, 417 481 Martinez-Lopez v. Barr, 943 F.3d 766 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 1045 Mason v. Brooks, 862 F.2d 190 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 259 Martinez-Lopez v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 500 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 579 Masonry Masters, Inc. v. Nelson, 105 F.3d 708 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: Martinez-Lopez v. Holder, 704 F.3d 169 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1857 2176 Martinez-Lopez; U.S. v., 864 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc) Masonry Masters, Inc. v. Thornburgh, 742 F.Supp. 682 (D.D.C. :: 291, 308, 310, 354, 357–58, 451 1990) :: 1688, 2083–84 Martinez-Madera v. Holder, 559 F.3d 937 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 2282 Masonry Masters, Inc. v. Thornburgh, 875 F.2d 898 (D.C. Cir. Martinez-Maldonado v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 679 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1989) :: 1604 1778, 1814, 1971 Masri, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1145 (BIA 1999) :: 181, 1440, 2107 Martinez Manzanares v. Barr, 925 F.3d 222 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 809, Massachusetts v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497 (2007) :: 2016, 2023 825, 1029, 1045 Massala Prince Reffell v. Prairie View A&M Univ., OCAHO no. Martinez-Martinez v. Holder, 769 F.3d 897 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 1821 1057 (2000) :: 2273 Martinez Martinez; People v., 304 P.3d 529 (Cal. 2013) :: 386 Massieu v. Reno, 915 F.Supp. 681 (D.N.J. 1996), rev'd on other Martinez-Martinez; U.S. v., 442 F.3d 539 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 388 grounds, 91 F.3d 416 (3d Cir. 1996) :: 1998, 2034, 2124 Martinez-Medina v. Holder, 673 F.3d 1029 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 485 Massis v. Mukasey, 549 F.3d 631 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 474, 631, 635, Martinez-Mendoza v. Champion Intern. Corp., 340 F.3d 1200 644, 1836, 1992 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 2105 Massoumi-Demaghi v. Weiss, 631 F.Supp. 1525 (D. Conn. 1986) Martinez Mgmt., Inc., 2010-PER-1397 (Nov. 3, 2011) :: 1669 :: 2004 Martinez-Montalvo, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 778 (BIA 2009) :: 276, Mastafa v. Chevron Corp., 770 F.3d 170 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 2144, 1058, 1479 2146 Martinez-Montoya v. INS, 904 F.2d 1018 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 1846 Mast Enterprise, Inc., 2008-INA-47 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1691 Martinez Ortiz v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 480 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1778 Masters, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 125 (DD 1969) :: 1532 Martinez-Perez v. Ashcroft, 417 F.3d 1022 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 331, Master Video Productions, Inc., 1988-INA-419 (1989) :: 1693 365, 681 Mastroyanis v. DOL, No. A88-089 Civ. (D. Alaska May 5, 1989) :: Martinez-Perez v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1273 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 555, 1608, 1704 1427, 1764, 1992 Maswai; U.S. v., 419 F.3d 822 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 436, 688, 1371 Martinez-Perez v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1042 Mata v. Lynch, 576 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 2150 (2015) :: 586, 596, Martinez-Piedras v. INS, 354 F.Supp.2d 1149 (S.D. Cal. 2005) :: 708, 711, 1885 574, 2094, 2336 Mata-Abundiz; U.S. v., 717 F.2d 1277 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 408 Martinez-Recinos, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 175 (BIA 2001) :: 339, Matacua v. Frank, 308 F.Supp.3d 1019 (D. Minn. 2018) :: 529 2082 Matadin v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 85 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 273, 1503 Martinez & Remer-Thamert, No. Cr. 87-476 (D.N.M Aug. 3; U.S. Matar v. Dichter, 563 F.3d 9 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 2155, 2160 v., 1988) :: 427 Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Ban of Pottawatomi Indians v. Martinez-Rocha; U.S. v., 337 F.3d 566 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 422 Patchak, 567 U.S. 209 (2012) :: 2017 Martinez-Rosas v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 926 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Mateo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 870 F.3d 228 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 2124 1778, 1905, 1972 Mathews v. Diaz, 426 U.S. 67 (1976) :: 42, 48 Martinez-Salazar; U.S. v., 318 F.Supp.2d 127 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319 (1976) :: 47–48, 204, 235, 459 471, 701, 894, 1636, 1727, 1900, 2008, 2010 Martinez-Sanchez v. INS, 794 F.2d 1396 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 990 Mathews v. INS, 170 F.Supp.2d 99 (D. Mass. 2001) :: 2048 Martinez-Serrano, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 151 (BIA 2009) :: 280, Mathin v. Kerry, 782 F.3d 804 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 663, 672–73, 380 2334 Martinez-Serrano v. INS, 94 F.3d 1256 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 2086 Mathis v. Tillerson, 284 F.Supp.3d 996 (D. Alaska 2018) :: 2319 Martinez; State v., 896 N.W.2d 737 (Iowa 2017) :: 48, 2237 Mathis v. U.S., 579 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 2243 (2016) :: 125, 284– Martinez-Varela; U.S. v., 531 F.3d 298 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 453, 85, 289, 294, 297, 301, 347–50 457–58 Matias v. Sessions, 871 F.3d 65 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 472, 695, 1870, Martinez-Vazquez v. INS, 346 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 271 1897 Martinez-Villalva; U.S. v., 232 F.3d 1329 (10th Cir. 2000) :: 398, Matloob v. Farham, No. WDQ-11-1943, 2014 WL 1401924 (D. 400 Md. Apr. 9, 2014) and 2014 WL 4977667 (D. Md. Oct. 1, Martinez-Vitela; U.S. v., 193 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 1795 2014) :: 115 Martinez-Vives; U.S. v., 475 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 457 Matos-Santana v. Holder, 660 F.3d 91 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 387, 1864 Martinez-Zapata, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 424 (BIA 2007) :: 150, Matovski v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 722 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 474, 576, 226, 293, 295, 380, 1728 1478, 1599, 1785 Martinez-Zelaya v. INS, 841 F.2d 294 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 648, 1824 Matovu v. Holder, 577 F.3d 383 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 834 Martin Kaplan, 2000-INA-23 (July 2, 2001) (en banc) :: 1670, Matsuk v. INS, 247 F.3d 999 (9th Cir. 2001) overruled on other 1678 grounds, 648 F.3d 1095 (2011) (en banc) :: 368 Martin Martin v. Barr, 916 F.3d 1141 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 791, 1046 Matsumaru; U.S. v., 244 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 176, 1306 Martins v. INS, 972 F.2d 657 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 866–67 Matsushito Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574 Martins v. USCIS, 962 F.Supp.2d 1106 (N.D. Cal. 2013) :: 611 (1986) :: 2123 Martins v. USCIS, No. C 13-00591 LB (N.D. Cal. Nov. 18, 2013) :: Matter of, see name of party 924 Matthews v. Barr, 927 F.3d 606 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 298 Maryam v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 60 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 794, 1876 Matti, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 43 (BIA 1984) :: 1415, 1789, 1791 Maryland Parkway Building, 1997-INA-119 (Sept. 4, 1998) :: 1673 Mattis v. INS, 774 F.2d 965 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1889 Marynenka v. Holder, 592 F.3d 594 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 960 Matul-Hernandez v. Holder, 685 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 826 M-A-S-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 762 (BIA 2009) :: 797, 1738 Matumona v. Barr, 945 F.3d 1294 (10th Cir. 2019) :: 836, 854, Masada v. Mueller, 627 F.Supp.2d 804 (S.D. Ohio 2007) :: 2333 1048 Mascon Restoration, Inc., 2009-PER-322 (Mar. 2, 2010) :: 1642 Maturin; U.S. v., 499 F.3d 1243 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 347 Mashi v. INS, 585 F.2d 1309 (5th Cir. 1978) :: 1142 Matushkina v. Nielsen, 877 F.3d 289 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 248, 2013, Mashiri v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 1112 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 790 2016 Mashiri v. Dep't of Educ., 709 F.3d 1299 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1513 Matus-Leva; U.S. v., 311 F.3d 1214 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 424 Masih v. Mukasey, 536 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 588, 591, 594, Mau v. Chertoff, 549 F.Supp.2d 1247 (S.D. Cal. 2008) :: 530, 549 1486 Mau v. Chertoff, 562 F.Supp.2d 1107 (S.D. Cal. 2008) :: 530, Maslenjak; U.S. v., 821 F.3d 675 (6th Cir. 2016), rev'd on other 548, 2004 grounds, Maslenjak v. U.S., 582 U.S. __, 137 S.Ct. 1918 Maul-Valverde; U.S. v., 10 F.3d 544 (8th Cir. 1993) :: 455, 459 (2017) :: 175, 1730, 2125, 2323, 2325, 2327, 2337 Maung; U.S. v., 320 F.3d 1305 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 459 Maslenjak; U.S. v., 943 F.3d 782 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 2323 Maupin v. Syrian Arab Republic, 405 F.Supp.3d 75 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2160 2544 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Mauricio-Benitez v. Sessions, 908 F.3d 144 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 555, McCreath v. Holder, 573 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 472, 477, 736, 577, 582, 713–14, 719, 722 1484, 1726 Mauricio-Vasquez v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 134 (4th Cir. 2018) :: McDaniel; U.S. v., 463 F.2d 129 (5th Cir. 1972) :: 493 286, 689 McDonald v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 684 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 186, 284, Mawalla v. Chertoff, 468 F.Supp.2d 177 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 1598, 665 1977 McDonnell Douglas; U.S. v., 2 OCAHO no. 351 (1991) :: 2258 Max-George v. Reno, 205 F.3d 194 (5th Cir. 2000), vacated on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973) :: 1216, other grounds, 533 U.S. 945 (2001) :: 2030, 2038, 2091 2251, 2258, 2268, 2271, 2273–74 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., 2011-PER-2310 (Jan. 6, 2014) :: McEachern v. Inter-Country Adoption Bd. of the Republic of the 1531, 1659, 1708 Philippines, 62 F.Supp.3d 187 (D. Mass. 2014) :: 1392, Maxwell v. INS, 331 F.Supp.2d 599 (N.D. Ohio 2004) :: 1867 2154 Maye v. Klee, 915 F.3d 1076 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 270 McElrath v. Goodwin, 713 F.Supp. 299 (E.D. Ark. 1988) :: 494 Mayea; U.S. v., 946 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 2288 McFadden v. U.S., 135 S.Ct. 2298 (2015) :: 306 Mayemba v. Holder, 776 F.3d 542 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 184, 2199 McGehee v. CIA, 697 F.2d 1095 (D.C. Cir. 1983) :: 606 Mayen, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 755 (BIA 2020) :: 272, 594, 1356, McGowan, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 898 (DD 1966) :: 1180 1831 McGrath v. County of Nevada, 67 F.3d 248 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 2179 Mayers v. Reno, 175 F.3d 1289 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 477, 638, McGrath v. Kristensen, 340 U.S. 162 (1950) :: 183 1725, 1935, 1979, 2121 McGuire v. District Director, INS, 804 F.Supp. 1229 (N.D. Cal. Maynard v. CIA, 986 F.2d 547 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 613 1992) :: 1114 Mayo v. Ashcroft, 317 F.3d 867 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 182, 232, 1805, McKee, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 332 (BIA 1980) :: 1404, 1410, 1839–40, 2098 1413 Mayo v. Schiltgen, 921 F.2d 177 (8th Cir. 1990) :: 181, 2046 McKenzie v. Savoretti, 200 F.2d 546 (5th Cir. 1952) :: 123 Mayock v. INS, No. C-85-5169-Cal (N.D. Cal. May 22, 1992) :: McKenzie v. USCIS, 761 F.3d 1149 (10th Cir. 2014) :: 2316 603 McKenzie-Francisco v. Holder, 662 F.3d 584 (1st Cir. 2011) :: Mayo Clinic, 2015-PER-12 (Mar. 7, 2019) :: 1690 1395, 1402 Mayor and City Council of Baltimore v. Trump, 416 F.Supp.3d McKesson Corp v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 539 F.3d 485 (D.C. 452 (D. Md. 2019) :: 99, 1918, 1921, 2121 Cir. 2008) :: 1309 Mayor and City Council of Baltimore v. Trump, 429 F.Supp.3d McKinsey & Co., Inc., 2012-PER-2771 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1629 128 (D. Md. 2019) :: 2050 McKinsey & Comp., Inc. U.S., 2013-PER-3040 (Nov. 1, 2017) :: Mayorga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 757 F.3d 126 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 143– 1675 44, 2016 McKinzie; U.S. v., 557 F.3d 931 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 448, 457 Mayorga; U.S. v., 359 F.Supp.3d 484 (W.D. Tex. 2019) :: 412 McLaughlin v. A.B. Chance Co., 842 F.2d 724 (4th Cir. 1988) :: Mayorga-Vidal v. Holder, 675 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 814, 824, 2208 886 McLaughlin v. Kings Island, 849 F.2d 990 (6th Cir. 1988) :: 2208 Mayorov v. U.S., 84 F.Supp.3d 678 (N.D. Ill. 2015) :: 536–37, McLean v. Crabtree, 173 F.3d 1176 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 538 2132, 2135 McLean v. Slattery, 839 F.Supp. 188 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 532 Maysa, Inc., 1998-INA-259 (May 21, 1999) :: 1688 McLean; U.S. v., 891 F.3d 1308 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 731 Mayton; U.S. v., 335 F.2d 153 (5th Cir. 1964) :: 2234, 2273 McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759 (1970) :: 384 Mazariegos v. INS, 241 F.3d 1320 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 850, 1048, McMillan, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 605 (BIA 1981) :: 1375 2079 McMullen, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 90 (BIA 1984) :: 779, 875 Mazariegos v. Lynch, 790 F.3d 280 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1848, 1887 McMullen v. INS, 788 F.2d 591 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 876, 907 Mazariegos-Paiz v. Holder, 734 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 589, McNamara v. Korean Air Lines, 863 F.2d 1135 (3d Cir. 1988) :: 644, 981, 1996, 2007 1309 Mazatlan, Inc., 2011-PER-1474 (Jan. 27, 2012) :: 655, 1689, McNary v. Haitian Refugee Ctr., Inc., 498 U.S. 479 (1991) :: 1713 1051, 1915–16, 1991, 2015, 2044, 2049, 2103, 2243 Mazur v. INS, 957 F.Supp. 1041 (N.D. Ill. 1997) :: 2133 McNaughton, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 569 (BIA 1978) :: 131, 139 Mazzillo v. Day, 15 F.2d 391 (S.D.N.Y. 1926) :: 135 McNeil v. Kennedy, 298 F.2d 323 (D.C. Cir. 1962) :: 677 M.B. v. Quarantillo, 301 F.3d 109 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 1557, 1915, McNeil v. U.S., 508 U.S. 106 (1993) :: 2133 1926, 2044 McNier v. San Francisco State Univ. College of Bus., 8 OCAHO M-B-A-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 474 (BIA 2002) :: 892, 947 no. 1030 (1999) :: 2272–73 M'Bagoyi v. Barr, 423 F.Supp.3d 99 (M.D. Pa. 2019) :: 167 McNier v. Wallace, 9 OCAHO no. 1074 (Sept. 17, 2001) :: 2257, M. Balachandran & V.G. Veerubhotla, 2003-INA-136 (Sept. 13, 2273–74 2004) :: 1678 M-C-V-P-, Matter of; ID# 14785 (AAO Dec. 14, 2015) :: 1536 M-B-C-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 31 (BIA 2017) :: 692, 781, 1724, M-D-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1180 (BIA 1998), rev'd, Diallo v. 1789 INS, 232 F.3d 279 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 950, 952 Mbea v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 276 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 321 M-D-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 540 (BIA 2002) :: 582, 713, 717–18 Mbitaze v. Greenbelt Police Dep't, 14 OCAHO no. 1360 (June 9, M-D-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 138 (BIA 2007) :: 669, 1818, 1834 2020) :: 2212 M-D-C-V-, Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 18 (BIA 2020) :: 812, 820, 915, Mboowa v. Lynch, 795 F.3d 222 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 992 1017, 1818 M-C-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 280 (BIA 1961) :: 275 M-D-F- Inc., Matter of (AAO, NSC, July 18, 2017) :: 1530 M.C. v. Bianchi, 782 F.Supp.2d 127 (E.D. Pa. 2011) :: 2144 M-D-J-R-V-, Matter of; ID# 1411613 (AAO June 18, 2018) :: 163 McAllister v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 444 F.3d 178 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 122, M&D Masonry, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1211 (Mar. 11, 2014) 195, 200, 203, 281, 851, 1960, 2066 :: 2223, 2230 McBrearty v. Perryman, 212 F.3d 985 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 659, M&D Masonry, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1215 (CAHO Apr. 16, 1975, 2000 2014) :: 2188, 2212, 2215, 2227, 2236 McBride v. INS, 238 F.3d 371 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1747, 1783 MD Shakhawat Hossain v. Job Serv. N.D., 14 OCAHO no. 1352 McBurney v. Young, 566 U.S. 221 (2013) :: 600 (Apr. 10, 2020) :: 2273 McCarthy v. Madigan, 503 U.S. 140 (1992) :: 2002 Mead Corp.; U.S. v., 533 U.S. 218 (2001) :: 2067, 2077, 2079, McCarthy v. Mukasey, 555 F.3d 459 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 1113, 1473 2081 McCarthy v. U.S., 394 U.S. 459 (1969) :: 384 Meas v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 729 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 696, 843, 966 McClain, In re; 719 S.E.2d 675 (S.C. 2011) :: 655 Mece v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 562 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 967, 994 McClellan; U.S. v., 794 F.3d 743 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 427 Medellin v. Bustos, 854 F.2d 795 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 1658 McClendon v. Jackson Television Inc., 603 F.2d 1174 (5th Cir. Medellin v. Texas, 552 U.S. 491 (2008) :: 735 1979) :: 2008 Medellin-Reyes v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 721 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2088 McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467 (1991) :: 1946 Mederos v. Murphy, 762 F.Supp.2d 209 (D. Mass. 2010) :: 750 McCoy v. U.S., 758 F.Supp. 299 (E.D. Pa. 1991) :: 2043 Medhin v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 685 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 793 TABLE OF CASES 2545

Medical Arts Office Serv., Inc., 2008-INA-90 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: Mejia-Castanon v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 931 F.3d 224 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 1676 1761 Medical Care Professionals, Inc., 2008-PER-247 (July 17, 2009) Mejia Galindo v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 894 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1830 :: 1618 Mejia-Hernandez v. Holder, 633 F.3d 818 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 718, Medical Gases Inc., d/b/a MG Grp., 2008-PER-239 (May 7, 2009) 1869, 1881, 2042 :: 1616, 1666, 1709–10 Mejia-Luna; U.S. v., 562 F.3d 1215 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 426 Medina, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 506 (RC 1970) :: 1542 Mejia-Orellana v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1743 Medina, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 611 (BIA 1976) :: 128, 130, 132 Mejia-Paiz v. INS, 111 F.3d 720 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1013 Medina, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 734 (BIA 1988) :: 776–77 Mejia-Perez; U.S. v., 635 F.3d 351 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 448, 452 Medina v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 1063 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 293 Mejia-Ramaja v. Lynch, 806 F.3d 19 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1876 Medina v. Beers, 65 F.Supp.3d 419 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 899, 1467 Mejia-Ramos v. Barr, 934 F.3d 789 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1046 Medina v. DHS, 313 F.Supp.3d 1237 (W.D. Wash. 2018) :: 1797, Mejia Rodriguez v. DHS, 562 F.3d 1137 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 901, 1918 903, 1900, 1925, 1965 Medina v. DHS, 408 F.Supp.3d 1224 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: 1797 Mejia Rodriguez v. DHS, 629 F.3d 1223 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 375 Medina v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 628 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 921, 1730, Mejia-Rodriguez v. Holder, 558 F.3d 46 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 46, 77, 2073 121, 481 Medina v. INS, 993 F.2d 499 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 567 Mejia Rodriguez v. Reno, 178 F.3d 1139 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 48, Medina v. U.S., 92 F.Supp.2d 545 (E.D. Va. 2000) :: 550, 1980– 1782, 1865, 1870, 1883 81, 2134 Mejias-Ruiz v. INS, 51 F.3d 358 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 1828 Medina v. U.S., 259 F.3d 220 (4th Cir. 2001) :: 2135 Mejico Express, 2002-INA-56 (July 16, 2002) :: 1696, 1699 Medina; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 485 (Feb. 5, 1993) :: 2211 Mejina-Andino, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 533 (BIA 2002) :: 703 Medina; U.S. v., 236 F.3d 1028 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 418 Mekhael v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 326 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1843, 1875 Medina v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 263 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1882 Mekhoukh v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 118 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 796, 1814 Medina-Garcia; U.S. v., 918 F.2d 4 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 426 Mekhtiev v. Holder, 559 F.3d 725 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 789, 795, 808, Medina-Hincapie v. DOS, 700 F.2d 737 (D.C. Cir. 1983) :: 615, 1046 1085 Mel v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 737 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 141 Medina-Jimenez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 399 (BIA 2018) :: 300 Mele v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1475, 1974 Medina-Lara v. Holder, 771 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 291–92, Melendez v. DOJ, 926 F.2d 211 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 904, 1038 296, 352, 356, 358–59, 364, 679 Melendez v. McAleenan, 928 F.3d 425 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 898 Medina-Morales v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 520 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1374, Melendez v. Secretary, DHS, 215 F.Supp.3d 1266 (M.D. Fla. 1887, 1889, 1966, 1974, 1977, 2062 2015) :: 626 Medina-Nunez v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 1103 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 1744, Melendez-Castro; U.S. v., 671 F.3d 950 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 412, 2077 415 Medina-Rosales v. Holder, 778 F.3d 1140 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 74, Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305 (2009) :: 400, 227, 2093 675 Medina-Torres; U.S. v., 703 F.3d 770 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 328, 454– Melendez-Torres; U.S. v., 420 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 459 55 Melendres v. Arpaio, 695 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 509, 2023, Medina-Villa; U.S. v., 567 F.3d 507 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 304 2129 Mediola-Martinez v. Arpaio, 836 F.3d 1239 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 2130 Melendres v. Arpaio, 784 F.3d 1254 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 509, 2105, Medrano, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 216 (BIA 1990) :: 578, 1867 2129 Medrano-Villatoro v. INS, 866 F.2d 132 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 1824–25 Melesio-Rodriguez v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 675 (7th Cir. 2018) :: Med. Univ. of S. Carolina, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 266 (RC 1978) 1821, 1858, 1904, 1957 :: 1532, 1705 Melgar v. Barr, 379 F.Supp.3d 783 (D. Minn. 2019) :: 899 Meghani v. INS, 236 F.3d 843 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 1827, 1847 Melgar de Torres v. Reno, 191 F.3d 307 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 964 Me Global, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2013-LCA-39 (July 29, Melhem v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 78 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 998 2016) :: 1200, 1210 Melian v. INS, 987 F.2d 1521 (11th Cir. 1993) :: 1749, 2001 Mehanna v. USCIS, 677 F.3d 312 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 1456, 1962 Melkonian v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 476, 729, Mehboob v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 549 F.3d 272 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 124, 839, 847, 868, 926, 1042 126, 129, 131, 136, 2085 Mellouli v. Lynch, 575 U.S. 798 (2015) :: 145, 147, 284–85, 289– Mehilli v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 86 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1905, 1986 90, 293–94, 297, 301, 345, 347, 349, 355, 360, 2082 Mehmeti v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 572 F.3d 1196 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 838, Melnik v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 278 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 816, 826, 843–44 1022 Mehta v. DOS, 186 F.Supp.3d 1146 (W.D. Wash. 2016) :: 1424, Melnitsenko v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 42 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 486, 1403, 1919 1470, 1786, 1862, 1867, 1993, 2055, 2058 Mei Chai Ye v. DOJ, 489 F.3d 517 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 982, 999 Melo v. Ashcroft, 364 F.Supp.2d 183 (D.R.I. 2005) :: 1756 Meier v. Colvin, 727 F.3d 867 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 2169 Melos Maintenance Inc., 2013-PER-365 (Jan. 31, 2018) :: 1614 Mei Fun Wong v. Holder, 633 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 1023 Meltwater News US1, Inc., 2014-PWD-5 (July 16, 2014) :: 1683– Mei Juan Zheng v. Holder, 672 F.3d 178 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 919 84 Mei Juan Zheng v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 176 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 919 Mema v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 412 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 481, 598, 989, Meina Xie v. Kerry, 780 F.3d 405 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 1928, 1947 995, 1014, 1050 Meisner's Take Out, 2008-INA-66 (Jan. 16, 2008) :: 1687 Membreno v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc) Mejia, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 6 (BIA 1976) :: 676–77 :: 2058, 2095 Mejia v. Ashcroft, 298 F.3d 873 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 807, 1029, 2037 MEMF LLC d/b/a Black & Blue Steak & Crab-Buffalo; U.S. v., 10 Mejia v. Barr, 952 F.3d 255 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 1882 OCAHO no. 1170 (Mar. 1, 2013) :: 2226–27 Mejia v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 226, 228, Memije v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 938 1972, 1974, 2075, 2119 Mena v. Lynch, 820 F.3d 114 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 349 Mejia v. Holder, 756 F.3d 64 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 126, 130, 1842, Mena-Flores v. Holder, 776 F.3d 1152 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 149–50, 1958 634–35, 1960, 1974, 1976 Mejia v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 573 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 742, 1990, Mendenhall; U.S. v., 446 U.S. 544 (1980) :: 483, 490, 496 2085 Mendes, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 833 (BIA 1994) :: 595, 1398– Mejia v. Sessions, 868 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 705 1401 Mejia v. Sessions, 913 F.3d 482 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 745, 1874, Mendes v. INS, 197 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 1402, 1967, 1997 1877 Mendez, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 296 (BIA 1996) :: 1787–88 Mejia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 498 F.3d 1253 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 788, Mendez v. Barr, 960 F.3d 80 (2d Cir. 2020), rev'g Matter of Men- 799, 1042 dez, 27 I&N Dec. 219 (BIA 2018) :: 141, 143–44, 390, 2083 Mejia; U.S. v., 461 F.3d 158 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 388 Mendez v. Holder, 566 F.3d 316 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1733, 1772, Mejia-Carrillo v. INS, 656 F.2d 520 (6th Cir. 1981) :: 1771 1780, 1906, 1967 2546 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Mendez v. INS, 563 F.2d 956 (9th Cir. 1977) :: 2039 Menendez v. Whitaker, 908 F.3d 467 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 125, 137, Mendez v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 345 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 142 299 Mendez; U.S. v., 514 F.3d 1035 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 441 Menendez-Donis v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 915 (8th Cir. 2004) :: Mendez-Alcaraz v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 842 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1018, 1048 1863, 1883, 2038 Menendez-Gonzalez v. Barr, 929 F.3d 1113 (9th Cir. 2019) :: Mendez-Barrera v. Holder, 602 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 814, 377, 1870 889, 969, 2055 Menghesha v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 142 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 686, 830 Mendez-Castro v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 975 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1778, Meng Hua Wan v. Holder, 776 F.3d 52 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 2006 1905 Mengistu v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1044 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1034, 2046 Mendez-Garcia v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 655 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1764 Mengstu v. Holder, 560 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 794, 831, 854 Mendez-Gomez v. Barr, 928 F.3d 728 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 631, 744 Menjivar v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 918 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 803 Mendez-Gutierrez v. Ashcroft, 340 F.3d 865 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Menocal v. GEO Grp., Inc., 882 F.3d 905 (10th Cir. 2018) :: 263 651, 930, 2043 Menocal v. The GEO Grp., Inc., 882 F.3d 905 (10th Cir. 2018) :: Mendez-Gutierrez v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 1168 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 2103, 2152 569, 2100 Mensah; U.S. v., 737 F.3d 789 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 2338 Mendez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 747 F.Supp. 846 (D.P.R. 1990) :: Mentor v. INS, 834 F.Supp. 133 (E.D. Pa. 1993) :: 1999 541 Meraz-Enriguez; U.S. v., 442 F.3d 331 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 326 Mendez, Jr. v. Poitevent, 823 F.3d 326 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 2137 Meraz-Valeta; U.S. v., 26 F.3d 992 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 402, 408–9, Mendez-Lopez; U.S. v., 528 F.Supp. 972 (N.D. Okla. 1981) :: 433 418, 422 Mendez-Mendez v. Mukasey, 525 F.3d 828 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 121, Meraz-Vargas; U.S. v., 35 F.Supp.2d 1272 (D. Kansas 1998) :: 476, 590 591 Mendez-Morales v. INS, 119 F.3d 738 (8th Cir. 1997) :: 371 Mercado v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 276 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 128 Mendez-Morales; U.S. v., 384 F.3d 927 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 414 Mercedes-Mercedes; U.S. v., 851 F.2d 529 (1st Cir. 1988) :: 398 Mendez-Moralez, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 296 (BIA 1996) :: 46, Mercer Univ., 2011-PER-162 (Mar. 6, 2012) :: 1703 163, 225, 231, 666, 1478 Merchant v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 461 F.3d 1375 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Mendez-Moranchel v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 176 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 591, 594, 1486 1778, 1971 Merck & Co., 2012-PER-826 (Aug. 10, 2015) :: 1667, 1708 Mendez-Orellana, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 2010) :: 296 Mercuria Energy Trading, Inc., 2016-PER-771 (Feb. 24, 2017) :: Mendez-Reyes v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 428 F.3d 187 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 1615 1766, 1770 Mercury Payments Systems LLC, 2016-PER-131 (Oct. 9, 2019) :: Mendez Rojas v. Johnson, 305 F.Supp.3d 1176 (W.D. Wash. 1708 2018) :: 942 Meredith; U.S. v., 685 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 438 Mendia v. Garcia, 165 F.Supp.3d 861 (N.D. Cal. 2016) :: 2133, Meridor v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 891 F.3d 1302 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 222– 2136, 2138–39, 2163 23, 1352, 1356, 1836–37 Mendias-Mendoza v. Sessions, 877 F.3d 223 (5th Cir. 2017) :: Merino-Hernandez; U.S. v., 46 F.Supp.3d 602 (D. Md. 2014) :: 47, 1725, 1877 413 Mendiola-Sanchez v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 937 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Meriyu v. Barr, 950 F.3d 503 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 1843, 1877 1781 Merkle, Inc., 2012-PER-1815 (June 7, 2016) :: 1688 Mendis v. Filip, 554 F.3d 335 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 748 Merkt; U.S. v., 764 F.2d 266 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 426–27 Mendonca v. INS, 52 F.Supp.2d 155 (D. Mass.), aff'd, 201 F.3d Merkt; U.S. v., 794 F.2d 950 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 426 427 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 1937 Merlan v. Holder, 667 F.3d 538 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 1938 Mendoza v. Holder, 623 F.3d 1299 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 134 Mero v. Barr, 957 F.3d 1021 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 302, 304 Mendoza v. ICE, 849 F.3d 408 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 536, 2131, 2162 Mersereau v. Ingham, 875 F.Supp. 148 (W.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 260, Mendoza v. Perez, 754 F.3d 1002 (D.C. Cir. 2014) :: 1239, 1921, 1398 2017, 2097 Mervil v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 1108 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 882 Mendoza v. Secretary, DHS, 851 F.3d 1348 (11th Cir. 2017) :: Merza-Reyes v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1778, 1418, 2053, 2063 1972 Mendoza v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 672 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 741, 1464 Mesa Airlines v. U.S., 951 F.2d 1186 (10th Cir. 1991) :: 2275 Mendoza v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 327 F.3d 1283 (11th Cir. 2003) :: Mesa Airlines; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 74 (July 24, 1989) :: 2263, 1813, 1986 2265, 2273 Mendoza; U.S. v., 390 F.Supp.2d 925 (N.D. Cal. 2005) :: 408 Mesquite, City of, v. Aladdin's Castle, Inc., 455 U.S. 283 (1982) :: Mendoza v. Zirkle Fruit Co., 301 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2254 2032 Mendoza-Alvarez v. Holder, 714 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 826 Messina v. USCIS, No. 05CV73409DT, 2006 WL 374564 (E.D. Mendoza-Carrillo; U.S. v., 107 F.Supp.2d 1098 (D.S.D. 2000) :: Mich. Feb. 16, 2006) :: 1380 493 Mester Mfg. Co. v. INS, 879 F.2d 561 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 2065, Mendoza-Garcia v. Barr, 918 F.3d 498 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 595 2187, 2195–96, 2216, 2237–38 Mendoza-Hernandez & Capula-Cortes, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. Mester Mfg. Co. v. INS, 900 F.2d 201 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 2173–74, 520 (BIA 2019) :: 555, 577, 1746 2236–37 Mendoza-Iribe; U.S. v., 198 F.3d 742 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 458 Mester Mfg. Co.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 18 (June 17, 1988) :: Mendoza-Lopez; U.S. v., 7 F.3d 1483 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 459 2194, 2210, 2222 Mendoza-Lopez; U.S. v., 481 U.S. 828 (1987) :: 410, 646, 1821 Metro Bank, N.A., 2004-INA-20 (Nov. 30, 2004) :: 1669 Mendoza Manimbao v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 655 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Metroplex Distributors, 1988-INA-249 (May 22, 1989) (en banc) :: 987, 1839–40 1696 Mendoza-Mata; U.S. v., 322 F.3d 829 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 418 Metropolitan Architectural Woodwork, LLC, 2012-PER-2581 Mendoza-Mazariegos v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 1074 (9th Cir. 2007) (June 20, 2017) :: 1613 :: 587, 631 Metropolitan Enterprises, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1297 (Mar. Mendoza-Ordonez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 869 F.3d 164 (3d Cir. 2017) 10, 2017) :: 2224, 2230–31 :: 802, 849, 2097 Metropolitan Warehouse, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1207 (Dec. Mendoza Osorio, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 703 (BIA 2016) :: 298, 19, 2013) :: 2217, 2230 355 M-E-V-G-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 227 (BIA 2014) :: 794, 804, Mendoza-Pablo v. Holder, 667 F.3d 1308 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 936, 809, 818, 827 2041 Mewengkang v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 737 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 998 Mendoza-Perez v. INS, 902 F.2d 760 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 1014 Mexico v. U.S. (Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Na- Mendoza-Reyes; U.S. v., 331 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 316 tionals), 2004 I.C.J. 12 (Mar. 31, 2004) :: 735 Mendoza-Saenz v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 720 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 377 Mexico Bakery, Inc.; U.S. v., 2 OCAHO no. 315 (Apr. 12, 1991) :: Mendoza-Sandino, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1236 (BIA 2000) :: 2184 1746–47, 1783, 2073 Meyersiek v. USCIS, 445 F.Supp.2d 202 (D.R.I. 2006) :: 2300 TABLE OF CASES 2547

Meza v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 693 F.3d 1350 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 881, Miguel-Miguel v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 941 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 874, 907, 2026 2007, 2120, 2125 Meza-Manay v. INS, 139 F.3d 759 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 808, 842, Miguel Perez, 2015-TLC-65 (Sept. 3, 2015) :: 1237 1006 Mihalev v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 722 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 787, 820, 832, Meza-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 798 F.3d 664 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 441 932, 1042, 1988 Meza-Soria; U.S. v., 935 F.2d 166 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 423, 725 Mihaylov v. Ashcroft, 379 F.3d 15 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 839, 978, 992 Meza-Vallejos v. Holder, 660 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 2080 Mike's Warehouse, 2011-PER-2252 (Aug. 28, 2013) :: 1686 Meza-Vallejos v. Holder, 669 F.3d 920 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1736 Mikhael v. INS, 115 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 947, 2041 Mezerhane v. Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela, 785 F.3d 545 Mikhailevitch v. INS, 146 F.3d 384 (6th Cir. 1998) :: 785 (11th Cir. 2015) :: 2154 Milanouic v. Holder, 591 F.3d 566 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 841, 965, Mezerhane De Schnapp v. USCIS, 67 F.Supp.3d 95 (D.D.C. 1827 2014) :: 613 Milat v. Holder, 755 F.3d 354 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 796, 1831 Mezo v. Holder, 615 F.3d 616 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 1880–81, 2060 Mildred Schwartz, 2008-PER-115 (Oct. 28, 2008) :: 1645–46 Mezonos Maven Bakery, Inc. & Latino-Justice PRLDEF, 362 Milian, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 480 (Acting R.C. 1970) :: 1056–57 NLRB 360 (Mar. 27, 2015) :: 2245 Milian, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 197 (BIA 2010) :: 296–97, 322, Mezonos Maven Bakery, Inc. & Puerto Rican Legal Defense & 325, 361–62, 364 Educ. Fund, 357 NLRB 376 (2011) :: 2245 Miljkovic v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 580 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2088 Mezrioui v. INS, 154 F.Supp.2d 274 (D. Conn. 2001) :: 1755 Miljkovic v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 754 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 797, 2046 Mezvrishvili v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 467 F.3d 1292 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Millard, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 175 (BIA 1965) :: 1804 808, 997, 1010, 1012, 1042, 1050, 1844 Millbrook v. U.S., 569 U.S. 50 (2013) :: 2136 M-F-W- & L-G-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 633 (BIA 2008) :: 1023, Milleniumsoft, 2012-PER-636 (Nov. 23, 2015) :: 1626 1028 Miller v. Albright, 523 U.S. 420 (1998) :: 2024 MGD Electric, Inc., 2017-PER-290 (Sept. 26, 2018) :: 1706 Miller v. Christopher, 96 F.3d 1467 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: 2051 Mgoian v. INS, 184 F.3d 1029 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 802, 1006 Miller v. INS, 762 F.2d 21 (3d Cir. 1985) :: 142, 226, 1729 M.G.U. v. Nielsen, 325 F.Supp.3d 111 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 527 Miller v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 998 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 723, 741, 744, M-H-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 46 (BIA 2012) :: 1817 1990 M-H-H-A-, Matter of; ID#1522991 (AAO June 20, 2019) :: 1685 Miller v. State, 77 A.3d 1030 (Md. 2013) :: 386 M-H-Z-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 757 (BIA 2016) :: 200 Miller v. USPS, 12 OCAHO no. 1284 (June 23, 2016) :: 2273 Miah v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 784 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 886, 1047, Millian-Zamora v. Ashcroft, 228 F.Supp.2d 272 (E.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 1404, 1470, 1786, 1867 480, 699–700, 1936 Miango v. Democratic Republic of the Congo, 288 F.Supp.3d 117 Milligan, Ex parte, 71 U.S. 2 (1866) :: 551 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2154 Milner v. Dep't of the Navy, 562 U.S. 562 (2011) :: 607 Miao v. Preferred Restaurant Brands, Inc., No. 4:15-cv-05531 Milosevic v. Ridge, 301 F.Supp.2d 337 (M.D. Pa. 2003) :: 2003, (N.D. Cal. Dec. 3, 2015) :: 1594 2008 Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida v. Jewel, 996 F.Supp.2d Milosevic; U.S. v., 414 F.Supp.3d 1119 (N.D. Ill. 2019) :: 2325 1268 (S.D. Fla. 2013) :: 2139 MIL-SPEC Indus. Corp., 2016-PER-676 (Feb. 21, 2019) :: 1668 Miccousukee Resort & Convention Ctr., In re; 9 OCAHO no. 1114 Minasyan v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2006, (Dec. 10, 2004) :: 2268 2281, 2285 Michael v. INS, 48 F.3d 657 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 2101 Minasyan v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 1224 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 861–62 Michael E. Gorham Racing Stable, LLC, 2010-PER-525 (Mar. 9, Minatsis v. Brown, 713 F.Supp. 1056 (S.D. Ohio 1989) :: 1403, 2011) :: 1708 1405 Michael Hertz Assoc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 558 (Comm. 1988) Mindseye v. Ilchert, 1985 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17986, No. C-84- :: 1179–80, 1183 6199-FJW (N.D. Cal. July 11, 1987) :: 1180 Michael K. Rosner, 2011-PER-197, 2011-PER-825 (June 2, Mind World LLC, 2014-PER-115 (Feb. 22, 2019) :: 1636 2011) :: 1654 Minei, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 430 (RC 1965) :: 1121 Michalski v. Decker, 279 F.Supp.3d 487 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 1943 Ming Chen v. Holder, 722 F.3d 63 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1879 Michel, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1101 (BIA 1998) :: 228, 271–72, Ming Dai v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2018), dissent 597, 639, 699, 737, 940, 1486, 1803 amended, Dai v. Barr, 916 F.3d 731 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 971– Michel v. INS, 206 F.3d 253 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 142, 288, 590, 2073 73, 1023 Michelle Buevarra Pena PLLC, 2007-PER-116 (June 4, 2008) :: Minghai Tian v. Holder, 745 F.3d 822 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1985, 1677 1995 Michigan v. Bryant, 562 U.S. 344 (2011) :: 675 Mingkid v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 468 F.3d 763 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 919– Michigan v. EPA, 576 U.S. 743 (2015) :: 2045, 2053 21, 2030 Michigan Technological Univ., 2011-PER-790 (May 21, 2012) :: Ming Li Hui v. Holder, 769 F.3d 984 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 838 1626 Min Goldblatt & Sons; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 154 (1990) :: 2227 Mickeviciute v. INS, 327 F.3d 1159 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 1033, 1038, Ming Shi Xue v. BIA, 439 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 977 1861, 1888, 2058 Ming Wei Chen v. Sessions, 864 F.3d 536 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 309 Micron Tech., Inc., 11-PER-2193 (Jan. 30, 2014) :: 1629 Ming Xin He v. Holder, 749 F.3d 792 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 1023, Micron Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-2116 (Aug. 1, 2016) :: 1664 1026, 2099 Microsoft Corp., 2011-PER-324 (Feb. 29, 2012) :: 1637–38 Minier v. CIA, 88 F.3d 796 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 617 Microsoft Corp., 2011-PER-789 (Apr. 12, 2013) :: 1638 Minker; U.S. v., 350 U.S. 179 (1956) :: 2208, 2279 Microsoft Corp., 2011-PER-2563 (Oct. 16, 2012) :: 1671 Minkova, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1161 (BIA 1999) :: 1368 Microsoft Corp., 2014-PER-615 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: 1698 Minneci v. Pollard, 565 U.S. 118 (2012) :: 270, 2137 Mid-Atlantic Reg'l Organizing Coalition, Laborers' Int'l Union of N. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co. (3M), Matter of; No. A27-228-517 Am. v. Heritage Landscape Servs., LLC, 10 OCAHO no. (AAU Oct. 24, 1989) :: 1185 1134 (June 17, 2010) :: 2271–72 Minto v. Sessions, 854 F.3d 619 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 182 Middlebury College, 2001-INA-136 (Jan. 24, 2002) :: 1703 Minwalla v. INS, 706 F.2d 831 (8th Cir. 1983) :: 941 Middle East Forum v. DHS, 297 F.Supp.3d 183 (D.D.C. 2018) :: Min Yong Huang v. Holder, 774 F.3d 1342 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 788, 618 799, 1011, 1842 Midi v. Holder, 566 F.3d 132 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 1438 Mir v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, 3 OCAHO no. 510 (Apr. 20, Midwest Poured Founds., Inc., 2013-TLN-53 (June 18, 2013) :: 1993) :: 2273 1245 Mirabal-Balon v. Esperdy, 188 F.Supp. 317 (S.D.N.Y. 1960) :: Mielewczyk v. Holder, 575 F.3d 992 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 145, 292, 151 389 Miraldo, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 704 (BIA 1974) :: 1408–9 Miezgiel v. Holder, 33 F.Supp.3d 184 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 1406 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966) :: 409, 484, 763, 1654 Mignott; U.S. v., 184 F.3d 1288 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 459–60 Miranda v. County of Lake, 900 F.3d 335 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 2162 Miguel v. INS, 359 F.3d 408 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 490, 670 2548 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Miranda v. Reno, 238 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1938 Mobin v. Taylor, 598 F.Supp.2d 777 (E.D. Va. 2009) :: 339, 2297 Miranda v. Said, 806 N.W.2d 8 (Iowa 2013) :: 660 Mobley v. CIA, 806 F.3d 568 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 605, 617, 625 Miranda v. Sessions, 853 F.3d 69 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 568 Mocevic v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 814 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1905, 1959 Miranda v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 940 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 809, 817, Modern Disposal Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1175 (Mar. 28, 823, 826 2013) :: 2218, 2226, 2232 Miranda Alvarado v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 915 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Modica-Linos; U.S. v., 399 F.Supp.2d 1114 (E.D. Wash. 2005) :: 780, 2078, 2080–81 417 Miranda-Bojorquez v. Barr, 937 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 844, Modular Container Sys., Inc., 1989-INA-228 (July 16, 1991) (en 1723 banc) :: 1649, 1686–87 Miranda-Cordiero, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 551 (BIA 2019) :: 555, Modular Mining Sys., Inc., 2014-PER-1610 (Feb. 26, 2019) :: 577, 582, 713, 722, 1868 1669 Miranda; INS v., 459 U.S. 14 (1982) :: 570, 1411, 1792 Moeller, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 65 (BIA 1976) :: 392 Miranda-Lores v. INS, 17 F.3d 84 (5th Cir. 1994) :: 636 Mogeni v. Holder, 779 F.3d 847 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 592 Miranda-Olivares v. Clackamas Cnty., No. 3:12-cv-02317-ST, Mogharrabi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 439 (BIA 1987) :: 783, 846, 2014 WL 1414305 (D. Or. Apr. 11, 2014) :: 533 934, 947, 970, 1022 Miranda-Ramirez; U.S. v., 309 F.3d 1255 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 409 Mogharrabi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec 439, 445 (BIA 1987) :: 777, Miranda-Rivera; U.S. v., 206 F.Supp.3d 1066 (D. Md. 2016) :: 803 413, 420, 469, 930, 941 Mohalla; U.S. v., 545 F.Supp.2d 1035 (C.D. Cal. 2008) :: 2323– Miranda-Romero v. Lynch, 797 F.3d 524 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 138 24 Mirela v. U.S., 416 F.Supp.3d 98 (D. Conn. 2019) :: 461 Mohamad v. Palestinian Auth., 566 U.S. 449 (2012) :: 2072, Mireles v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 965 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 474, 1972 2106, 2147, 2149 Mireles-Valdez v. Ashcroft, 349 F.3d 213 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 478, Mohamed, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 92 (BIA 2017) :: 377, 380 1726, 1766, 1780, 1899, 1973 Mohamed v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 835 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1003 Miresles-Zuniga v. Holder, 743 F.3d 11 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 1747 Mohamed v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 999 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 834, 849 Mirisawo v. Holder, 599 F.3d 391 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 793 Mohamed v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 79 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 1436, 1953 Mirmehdi v. U.S., 689 F.3d 975 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 2135, 2138, Mohamed v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 522 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 695, 705– 2140 6, 883, 1896 Mironescu, In re Extradition of; 296 F.Supp.2d 632 (M.D.N.C. Mohamed v. Holder, 769 F.3d 885 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 137, 144 2003) :: 880, 908 Mohamed v. Holder, 995 F.Supp.2d 520 (E.D. Va. 2014) :: 234 Mironescu v. Costner, 345 F.Supp.2d 538 (M.D.N.C. 2004) :: 880, Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc., 614 F.3d 1070 (9th Cir. 908 2010) (en banc) :: 2150 Mironescu v. Costner, 480 F.3d 664 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 2035 Mohamed v. Secretary, DHS, 376 F.Supp.3d 950 (D. Minn. 2018) Miroslaw Kusmirek, 2000-INA-116 (Sept. 28, 2001) :: 1713 :: 546 Mirror Lake Village v. Nielson, 345 F.Supp.3d 56 (D.D.C. 2018) :: Mohamed v. Tebrake, 371 F.Supp.2d 1043 (D. Minn. 2005) :: 706 1567, 2068 Mohammad v. Keisler, 558 F.Supp.2d 730 (W.D. Ky. 2008) :: Mirzoyan v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 217 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 792 2333 Mischalski v. Ford Motor Co., 935 F.Supp. 203 (E.D.N.Y 1996) :: Mohammad v. Napolitano, 680 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1456 2252 Mohammad v. Slattery, 842 F.Supp. 1553 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 274, Mish Carpet Corp., 2008-PER-143 (Jan. 6, 2009) :: 1649 2002 Misquitta v. Warden Pine Prairie ICE Processing, 353 F.Supp.3d Mohammad; U.S. v., 249 F.Supp.3d 450 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2323– 518 (W.D. La. 2018) :: 545 24 Missouri v. Frye, 566 U.S. 134 (2012) :: 384 Mohammad Hussain v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 779 (7th Cir. 2007) :: Mistretta v. U.S., 488 U.S. 361 (1989) :: 2109 1899, 1978 Mitchell; U.S. v., 388 F.3d 1139 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 438 Mohammadi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 782 F.3d 9 (D.C. Cir. Mitchell v. Worldwide Underwriter Ins. Co., 967 F.2d 565 (11th 2015) :: 573, 2154, 2157–58 Cir. 1992) :: 2274 Mohammadi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 947 F.Supp.2d 48 Mitchell Greif; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1177 (Apr. 18, 2013) :: (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2146 2211 Mohammadi v. Scharfen, 609 F.Supp.2d 14 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1953 Mitchell Greif, President Coast Poly LLC; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. Mohammadi-Motlagh v. INS, 727 F.2d 1450 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 1183 (May 20, 2013) :: 1855, 2211 1914 Mitondo v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 784 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 778, 936, Mohammad Shezad Mirza, Matter of; A75 039 618 (AAO Rome 972, 975, 1001, 1036, 1114 Sept. 22, 2010) :: 163 M-I-USAH-Inc., Matter of; ID# 2592638 (AAO Apr. 1, 2019) :: Mohammed v. Ashcroft, 261 F.3d 1244 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 370, 1182 382 Mizrahi v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 156 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 146, 293, 389 Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 785 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 638, M-J-K-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 773 (BIA 2016) :: 706 820, 844, 882, 1020 M-L-, Matter of; ID# 427792 (May 17, 2017) :: 1531 Mohammed v. Holder, 695 F.Supp.2d 284 (E.D. Va. 2010) :: Mladineo, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 591 (BIA 1974) :: 1856 1949, 2029 M-L-M-A-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 360 (BIA 2014) :: 1768–69 Mohammed v. Holder, 2015 WL 4394958 (E.D. Va. July 16, MLS, Inc., 2013-PER-1045 (July 17, 2017) :: 1664 2015) :: 234 MMB Stucco, LLC, 2011-PER-715 (May 7, 2012) :: 1617, 1655, Mohammed v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 369 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1045 1686–87 Mohammed v. Reno, 309 F.3d 95 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 2090 M & M Contracting Co., Inc., 2010-PER-987 (Oct. 8, 2010) :: Mohammed v. Sessions, 362 F.Supp.3d 8 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 783, 1664 1964 M.M.M. ex rel. J.M.A. v. Sessions, 347 F.Supp.3d 526 (S.D. Cal. Mohammed v. Sullivan, 866 F.2d 258 (8th Cir. 1989) :: 537, 739 2018) :: 526, 936, 1907, 1981 Mohammed v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 547 F.3d 1340 (11th Cir. 2008) :: M-M-O-, Matter of; ID# 1901484 (AAO Jan. 17, 2019) :: 1537 796, 1004 M.N. Auto Electric Corp., 2000-INA-165 (Aug. 8, 2001) :: 1700 Mohegan Ornamental Iron LLC, 2009-PER-368 (Sept. 2, 2009) :: M.N. Auto Electric Corp., 2000-INA-165 (Aug. 8, 2001) (en banc) 1633, 1687, 2108 :: 1699 Moher v. U.S., 875 F.Supp.2d 739 (W.D. Mich. 2012) :: 500, M-O-A-, Matter of; ID# 7826 (AAO Jan. 17, 2017) :: 1358 2133, 2135, 2208 Moab v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 983, 1020 Mohideen v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 567 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 830 Moallin v. Cangemi, 427 F.Supp.2d 908 (D. Minn. 2006) :: 261, Moin v. Ashcroft, 335 F.3d 415 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 1497, 1503, 531, 752, 754, 761, 1900, 1934, 1961 1814, 2064, 2066 Moayedi v. CBP, 510 F.Supp.2d 73 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 600, 606, Mojica v. Reno, 970 F.Supp. 130 (E.D.N.Y. 1997) :: 1941, 2121 614 Mojica-Linos; U.S. v., 399 F.Supp.2d 1115 (W.D. Wash. 2005) :: Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U.S. 55 (1980) :: 2115 327 TABLE OF CASES 2549

Mojsilovic v. INS, 156 F.3d 743 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 796 Montana Immigr. Justice Alliance v. Bullock, 371 P.3d 430 (Mont. Molaire v. Smith, 743 F.Supp. 839 (S.D. Fla. 1990) :: 271–72, 2016) :: 52 631, 639, 940 Montanez-Gonzalez v. Holder, 780 F.3d 720 (6th Cir. 2013) :: Molathwa v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 661 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1741 474, 1779 Molathwa v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 551 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1047 Montano-Bentancourt; U.S. v., 151 F.Supp.2d 794 (W.D. Tex. Molenda v. INS, 998 F.2d 291 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 288 2001) :: 420, 717 Molina v. Barr, 953 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 1881 Montano Cisneros v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 514 F.3d 1224 (11th Cir. Molina v. Holder, 763 F.3d 1259 (10th Cir. 2014) :: 630, 1860, 2008) :: 709, 721, 1865 2057 Montano-Vega v. Holder, 721 F.3d 1175 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 1828 Molina v. INS, 981 F.2d 14 (1st Cir. 1992) :: 591, 2122 Montecino v. INS, 915 F.2d 518 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 695, 803, 1827 Molina v. Sewell, 983 F.2d 676 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 76–77, 272, 274, Montenegro v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1035 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 381, 478 1503 Monteon-Camargo v. Barr, 918 F.3d 423 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 139, Molina v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 1056 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 475 1997, 2010, 2118, 2120 Molina-Amezcua v. INS, 6 F.3d 646 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 288 Monter v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 546 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 175, 585, Molina-Avila v. Sessions, 907 F.3d 977 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 883, 892 1402, 2323 Molina-Cabrera v. Sessions, 905 F.3d 1103 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 789 Montero v. Cobb, 937 F.Supp. 88 (D. Mass. 1996) :: 541, 544, Molina-Camacho v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 937 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1830 2004 Molina de Massenet v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 661 (1st Cir. 2007) :: Montero v. INS, 124 F.3d 381 (2d Cir. 1997) :: 487, 579, 2245 1401 Montero-Camargo; U.S. v., 208 F.3d 1132 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 491 Molina-Estrada v. INS, 293 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 840, 968, Montero-Martinez v. Ashcroft, 277 F.3d 1137 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1764, 1964 1764, 1974, 1991 Molina-Gomez; U.S. v., 781 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 479 Montero-Ubri v. INS, 229 F.3d 319 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 141 Molina-Isidoro; U.S. v., 267 F.Supp.3d 900 (W.D. Tex. 2016) :: Montes v. Meese, No. CV 86-4081-AWT (C.D. Cal. Dec. 4, 1987), 504 reported in 65 No. 1 Interpreter Releases 5 (Jan. 4, 1988), Molina Jerez v. Holder, 625 F.3d 1058 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 743, aff'd sub nom., Montes v. Thornburgh, 919 F.2d 531 (9th 1777, 1989 Cir. 1990) :: 1916, 2166, 2170, 2177 Molina-Martinez v. U.S., 578 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 1338 (2016) :: Montes-Lopez v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 631, 445 1813 Molina-Morales v. INS, 237 F.3d 1048 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 808, 1018 Montes-Lopez v. Holder, 694 F.3d 1085 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 587, Molinaro v. New Jersey, 396 U.S. 365 (1970) :: 1888 631 Momeni v. Chertoff, 521 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1113, 1473 Montes-Pineda; U.S. v., 445 F.3d 375 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 389, 453 Momennia v. Estrada, 268 F.Supp.2d 679 (N.D. Tex. 2003) :: Montessori Community Sch. at Brookfield, Inc., 2012-PER-808 570, 908 (Jan. 19, 2016) :: 1698 Momentum Inv., Inc., 2013-PER-2021 (Mar. 8, 2019) :: 1645 Montessori World d/b/a Montessori Visions, 2014-PER-895 (May Momin v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 2006), vacated on 28, 2015) :: 1710 other grounds, 462 F.3d 497 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 2007 Montgomery College, 1994-INA-584 and 585 (July 18, 1996) :: Mompongo v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 512 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1047 1703 Monadnock Mountain Spring Water, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. Montgomery Ward v. FTC, 691 F.2d 1322 (9th Cir. 1982) :: 1585, 1193 (OCAHO Aug. 1, 2013) :: 2231 1593, 2118–20 Monasky v. Taglieri, 140 S.Ct. 719 (2020) :: 187 Montiel, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 555 (BIA 2015) :: 381 Moncada-Pelaez; U.S. v., 810 F.2d 1008 (11th Cir. 1987) :: 541 Montiel-Barraza v. INS, 275 F.3d 1178 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 325 Moncada-Servellon, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 62 (BIA 2007) :: 150, Montilla v. INS, 926 F.2d 162 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 468, 480, 639, 646, 226, 293, 1728 699, 2066 Moncrieffe v. Holder, 569 U.S. 184 (2013), rev'g on other Montoya v. Holder, 744 F.3d 614 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 1487 grounds, Matter of Castro Rodriguez, 25 I&N Dec. 698 (BIA Montoya de Hernandez; U.S. v., 473 U.S. 531 (1985) :: 501 2012) :: 284–85, 289, 293–94, 296–97, 301, 308, 312, 347, Montoya-Robles; U.S. v., 935 F.Supp. 1196 (D. Utah 1996) :: 671 349, 355, 360, 362, 366, 692, 1723, 1841, 2111 Montoya-Silva, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 123 (BIA 2013) :: 1745 Moncrieffe; U.S. v., 167 F.Supp.3d 383 (E.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 295, Montoya-Ulloa v. INS, 79 F.3d 930 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 785 414, 417, 420 Monzon v. De La Roca, 910 F.3d 92 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 188 Mondaca-Vega v. Holder, 808 F.3d 413 (9th Cir. 2015) (en banc) Moody v. Sorokina, 40 A.D.3d 14 (N.Y. App. Div. 2007) :: 115 :: 575, 690 Moore, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 711 (BIA 1971) :: 140 Mondaca-Vega v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 413 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 2335 Moore v. Ashcroft, 251 F.3d 919 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 40, 228, 333, Mondragón v. Holder, 706 F.3d 535 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 321, 369, 482, 1900, 2030, 2038, 2091 382, 1724, 1774 Moore v. City of East Cleveland, 432 U.S. 494 (1977) :: 476, 483 Mondragon v. U.S., 839 F.Supp.2d 827 (W.D.N.C. 2012) :: 1360, Moore v. District Director, 956 F.Supp. 878 (D. Neb. 1997) :: 2061 2043 Moore v. Frazier, 941 F.3d 717 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 1330, 1441, Mondragon-Gonzalez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 884 F.3d 155 (3d Cir. 2121 2018) :: 298, 2073 Moore v. James, 770 F.Supp.2d 786 (E.D. Va. 2011) :: 2302 Mondragon-Santiago; U.S. v., 564 F.3d 357 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 397, Moore v. United Kingdom, 384 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2160 452 Moore, No. 89A (E.D. Va. Mar. 10; U.S. v., 1989) :: 2208 Monell v. Dep't of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978) :: 2129 Moosa v. INS, 171 F.3d 994 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 284, 375, 381, 571, Monestime v. Reilly, 704 F.Supp.2d 453 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 547, 1793, 2110 549, 2004 Mora v. Mukasey, 550 F.3d 231 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 168 Monet v. INS, 791 F.2d 752 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1495, 1743 Mora v. New York, 524 F.3d 183 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 735–36, 2143 Monges, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 246 (BIA 2010) :: 708, 712, 1855, Moraga, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 195 (BIA 2001) :: 1376 1879 Morales, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 130 (BIA 1996) :: 904, 1829 Mongiovi v. Karnuth, 30 F.2d 825 (S.D.N.Y. 1929) :: 136 Morales, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 186 (BIA 2010) :: 1374, 1764 Monir Attar, Inc., 2009-PER-236 (Dec. 17, 2009) :: 1623 Morales v. Barr, __ F.3d __, 2020 WL 3478622 (7th Cir. June 26, Monjaraz-Munoz v. INS, 327 F.3d 892 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 721 2020) :: 697 Monreal, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 56 (BIA 2001) :: 1770, 1778, Morales v. Chadbourne, 235 F.Supp.3d 388 (D.R.I. 2017) :: 536, 2073 2132, 2163 Monroy v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 1175 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1778 Morales v. Chadbourne, 996 F.Supp.2d 19 (D.R.I. 2014), aff'd on Montage Consignments, Inc., 2012-PER-3772 (Dec. 6, 2016) :: other grounds, 763 F.3d 208 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 533, 2133, 1628 2164 Montalvo v. Kering Americas, Inc., 14 OCAHO no. 1350 (Apr. 2, Morales v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 126, 133, 2020) :: 173, 2258 366, 872, 885, 1969, 1988, 2077 Morales v. INS, 208 F.3d 323 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 686, 1844 2550 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Morales v. Secretary of State, 220 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2016) :: Moreno-Vargas; U.S. v., 315 F.3d 489 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 503 600 Moret v. Karn, 746 F.2d 989 (3d Cir. 1984) :: 258–59, 261, 2046 Morales v. Sessions, 860 F.3d 812 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 1008 Moreta v. Holder, 723 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 676 Morales v. Yeutter, 952 F.2d 954 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 1916 Moreta & Associates, Int., 2009-PER-8 (Aug. 6, 2009) :: 1616 Morales-Alegria v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Morfin v. Tillerson, 851 F.3d 710 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 2014 338, 1995, 2001 Morgan v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 549 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 593 Morales-Alvarado v. INS, 655 F.2d 172 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 382 Morgan v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 444, 570– Morales Apolinar v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 893 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 638, 71, 908, 1341, 1792, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2099 641 Morgan v. Holder, 634 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 789, 1043, 1831 Morales de Soto v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 565, Morgan v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 1053 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1751 744 Morgan v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 471, 659, Morales-Fernandez v. INS, 418 F.3d 1116 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 261, 661, 978, 996 277, 548, 752–53, 758 Morgan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 432 F.3d 226 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 2285 Morales-Garcia v. Holder, 567 F.3d 1058 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 135, Morgan; U.S. v., 346 U.S. 502 (1954) :: 395 288 Morgovsky v. DHS, 517 F.Supp.2d 581 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 1949 Morales-Izquierdo v. DHS, 600 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 168, Morici Bros. Fresh Fish Daily, 2003-INA-149 (Aug. 13, 2004) :: 475, 483, 743, 746, 1910, 1912–13, 1932 1694 Morales-Izquierdo v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 484 (9th Cir. 2007) (en Moriel-Luna; U.S. v., 585 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 418, 422, banc) :: 476, 479, 741–42, 744, 1990, 2075, 2084 597 Morales-Landa; U.S. v., 18 F.Supp.3d 1015 (S.D. Cal. 2014) :: Morillo-Cedron v. District Director, 452 F.3d 1254 (11th Cir. 2006) 303 :: 2167 Morales-Morales v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 418 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1767 Morin; U.S. v., 80 F.3d 124 (4th Cir. 1996) :: 574, 2074 Morales-Morales v. Barr, 933 F.3d 456 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 634, Morisath v. Smith, 988 F.Supp. 1333 (W.D. Wash. 1997) :: 472, 1822, 1836, 1993 1981, 2006 Morales-Morales v. Sessions, 857 F.3d 130 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 801, Moro v. INS, 58 F.Supp.2d 854 (N.D. Ill. 1999) :: 1980–81 1042 Morris v. Holder, 676 F.3d 309 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 371, 387, 478, Morales-Palacios; U.S. v., 369 F.3d 442 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 402 1959 Morales-Quinones; U.S. v., 812 F.2d 604 (10th Cir. 1987) :: 430, Morris v. Nielsen, 374 F.Supp.3d 239 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1351, 444 2072 Morales-Ramirez v. Reno, 209 F.3d 977 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 373, Morris v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 42 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 887 554, 1752 Morrobel v. Thornburgh, 744 F.Supp. 725 (E.D. Wash. 1990) :: Morales-Rosales; U.S. v., 698 F.Supp.2d 716 (E.D. Tex. 2010) :: 541 493 Mortera-Cruz v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d 246 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 168, Morales-Rosales; U.S. v., 838 F.2d 1359 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 424 2074 Morales-Santana v. Lynch, See Sessions v. Morales-Santana Morton v. Mancari, 417 U.S. 535 (1974) :: 2112 Morales-Santiago; U.S. v., 376 F.Supp.3d 1105 (E.D. Wash. Morton v. Ruiz, 415 U.S. 199 (1974) :: 1921, 2083 2019) :: 411 Mosa v. Rogers, 89 F.3d 601 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1841 Morales-Tovar; U.S. v., 37 F.Supp.2d 846 (W.D. Tex. 1999) :: Moser v. U.S., 341 U.S. 41 (1951) :: 2305 402 Mosere v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 397 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 1736, 1864, Morales-Vargas; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 732 (Mar. 13, 1995) :: 1869 465 Moses; U.S. v., 94 F.3d 182 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 438, 2292, 2338 Morales Ventura v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1259 (10th Cir. 2003) :: Mosleh v. Strapp, 992 F.Supp. 874 (N.D. Tex. 1998) :: 2304 1778, 1972 Mostafa v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 622 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 890, 951 Morales-Villagomez v. Smith, No. C96-1141C, 1996 WL 622451 Mostofi v. Napolitano, 841 F.Supp.2d 208 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 44, (W.D. Wash. July 21, 1996) :: 541, 544 1419, 2012 Moral-Salazar v. Holder, 708 F.3d 957 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 596, Mota v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 1165 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 300, 1763 1957 Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass'n of U.S., Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Moran v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 224 Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29 (1983)) :: 1796, 1925, 2053, 2118 Moran-Enriquez v. INS, 884 F.2d 420 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 597 Motta v. District Director, 61 F.3d 117 (1st Cir. 1995) :: 2033 Mora Salgado v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 982 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 705 Mott Thoroughbred Stables, Inc. v. Rodriguez, 87 F.Supp.3d 237 Moreira, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 41 (BIA 1979) :: 1374 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 1270, 1926, 2055 Moreira v. Mikasey, 509 F.3d 709 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1902, 2060, Mott Thoroughbred Stables, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1233 2088 (Sept. 26, 2014) :: 2224, 2227, 2230 Moreira v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 709 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1911, 2088 Mouawad v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 405 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 834, 884, Moreno v. Holder, 749 F.3d 40 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 952, 1006, 1043 1986, 2046 Moreno v. Holder, 980 F.Supp.2d 394 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 2285 Mouelle v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 923 (8th Cir. 2005), vacated, 548 Moreno v. Napolitano, 213 F.Supp.3d 999 (N.D. Ill. 2016) :: 534 U.S. 901 (2006) :: 276, 1478 Moreno v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 887 F.3d 160 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 123, Mountain High Knitting, Inc. v. Reno, 51 F.3d 216 (9th Cir. 1995) 133, 2125 :: 486, 508 Moreno; U.S. v., 561 F.2d 1321 (9th Cir. 1977) :: 427 Moura v. Holder, 759 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 833 Moreno; U.S. v., 727 F.3d 255 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 2317, 2339 Mouren-Laurens Oil Co., Inc., 1991-INA-236 (Aug. 11, 1992) :: Moreno-Bravo v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 253 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 2094 1676 Moreno-Cebrero v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 395 (7th Cir. 2007) :: Mourillon, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 122 (BIA 1981) :: 1375 1755 Mousa v. INS, 223 F.3d 425 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 791, 1845 Moreno-Duque; U.S. v., 718 F.Supp. 254 (D. Vt. 1989) :: 427 Mousa v. Mukasey, 530 F.3d 1025 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 842, 980, Moreno Escobar v. DOJ, No. MISC.05-0048, 2005 WL 1060635 989 (E.D. Pa. 2005) :: 539 Moussa v. INS, 302 F.3d 823 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 575, 1410, 2006, Moreno-Escobosa, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 114 (BIA 2009) :: 1754 2010, 2286, 2336 Moreno Galvez v. Cuccinelli, 387 F.Supp.3d 1208 (W.D. Wash. Moussa v. Jenifer, 389 F.3d 550 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 764, 1935, 2019) :: 1553 1982 Moreno-Gutierrez v. Napolitano, 794 F.Supp.2d 1207 (D. Colo. Movimiento Democracia, Inc. v. Chertoff, 417 F.Supp.2d 1343 2011) :: 1369, 1727, 2083, 2114 (S.D. Fla. 2006) :: 784 Moreno-Hernandez; U.S. v., 397 F.3d 1248 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 368 Movimiento Democracia, Inc. v. Chertoff, 417 F.Supp.2d 1350 Moreno-Martinez v. Barr, 932 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 1990 (S.D. Fla. 2006) :: 2019, 2021 Moreno-Morante v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Movimiento Democracia, Inc., v. Johnson, 193 F.Supp.3d 1353 1764 (S.D. Fla. 2016) :: 784, 2022 Moreno-Tapia; U.S. v., 848 F.3d 162 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 417, 450 TABLE OF CASES 2551

Movsisian v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 795, 1888, Mullen-Cofee v. INS, 976 F.2d 1375 (11th Cir. 1992), amended 2058 on denial of reh'g, 986 F.2d 1364 (11th Cir. 1993) :: 395, Mowlana v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 923 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 333 481, 636, 1721, 1782, 2066 Mowrer, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 613 (BIA 1981) :: 1375, 1410 Muller, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 637 (BIA 1978) :: 1501 Moy, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 121 (Comm. 1967) :: 911 Mulligan v. Schultz, 848 F.2d 655 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 2015 Moya; U.S. v., 74 F.3d 1117 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 479 Mulyani v. Holder, 771 F.3d 190 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 1045, 1985 Moya-Matute; U.S. v., 735 F.Supp.2d 1306 (D.N.M. 2008) :: 491 Munaf v. Geren, 553 U.S. 674 (2008) :: 907, 2035 Moyera v. Quality Pork Int'l, 825 N.W.2d 409 (Neb. 2013) :: 2251 Mungongo v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 531 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1857 Mozdzen v. Holder, 622 F.3d 680 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1500 Muni v. INS, 891 F.Supp. 440 (N.D. Ill. 1995) :: 1521–22 Mozeb, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 420 (BIA 1975) :: 1380 Munis v. Holder, 720 F.3d 1293 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 229, 1904, M-P-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 747 (BIA 1968) :: 1366 1984 M-P-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 786 (BIA 1994) :: 1861 Muniz Concrete & Contracting, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1278 Mphasis Corp., 2011-PER-207 (Aug. 10, 2015) :: 1681 (Apr. 29, 2016) :: 2193, 2196, 2209, 2213 Mphasis Corp., 2011-PER-2549, 2640 (Nov. 21, 2012) :: 1671, Muniz-Jaquez; U.S. v., 718 F.3d 1180 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 406 1673 Muniz-Muniz v. U.S. Border Patrol, 741 F.3d 668 (6th Cir. 2013) :: M-R-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 259 (BIA 1954) :: 177 1920 M-R-A-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 665 (BIA 2008) :: 710, 714, 718 Muniz-Muniz v. U.S. Border Patrol, 869 F.3d 442 (6th Cir. 2017) :: Mr. Mike's Pizza; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1196 (Aug. 9, 2013) :: 494 2226 Muniz-Sanchez; U.S. v., 388 F.Supp.3d 1284 (W.D. Wash. 2019) M & R Plating Corp., 1987-INA-355 (DOL 1987) :: 1665 :: 411 Mrvica v. Esperdy, 376 U.S. 560 (1964) :: 724, 1828 Munoz v. Ashcroft, 339 F.3d 950 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 476, 1725, Mr. Z Enterprises, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 288 (Jan. 11, 1991) 1727, 1777 :: 2184 Muñoz v. DOS, No. CV 17-0037 AS, 2019 WL 1455317 (C.D. M-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 125 (BIA 1995) :: 924, 1839 Cal. Apr. 2, 2019) :: 209, 1077, 1462, 2014, 2016, 2051 M-S-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 349 (BIA 1998) :: 708 Munoz v. Holder, 755 F.3d 366 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 68, 76–77, 130 M-S-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 509 (AG 2019) :: 246, 255–56 Munoz; U.S. v., 412 F.3d 1043 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 425 M-S-, Matter of; ID# 730931 (AAO Jan. 12, 2018) :: 1440 Munoz-Avila v. Holder, 718 F.3d 976 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 185, 672 M. Safra & Co. Inc., 2008-INA-74 (Oct. 27, 2008) :: 1686 Munoz-Cerna; U.S. v., 47 F.3d 207 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 455, 458 MSA Partners, LLC, 2012-PER-1232 (Nov. 30, 2016) :: 1531 Munoz de Real v. Holder, 595 F.3d 747 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1881 M-S-B-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 872 (BIA 2016) :: 919 Munoz-Giron; U.S. v., 943 F.Supp.2d 613 (E.D. Va. 2013) :: 413– Mshihiri v. Holder, 753 F.3d 785 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 576, 1143, 14, 417 1412, 1478 Munoz-Granados v. Barr, 958 F.3d 402 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 1045 Ms. L v. ICE, 302 F.Supp.3d 1149 (S.D. Cal. 2018) :: 526, 1919, Muñoz-Monsalve v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 472, 1941, 1969, 2032 706, 2048 Ms. L v. ICE, 310 F.Supp.3d 1133 (S.D. Cal. 2018) :: 526 Munoz-Pacheco v. Holder, 673 F.3d 741 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1772 Ms. L v. ICE, 330 F.R.D. 284 (S.D. Cal. 2019) :: 526 Munoz-Santana v. INS, 742 F.2d 561 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 626 Ms. L v. ICE, 415 F.Supp.3d 980 (S.D. Cal. 2020) :: 527 Munoz-Santos, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 205 (BIA 1990) :: 583 M.S.P.C. v. CBP, 60 F.Supp.3d 1156 (D.N.M. 2014) :: 45, 1906 Munoz-Yepez v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 347 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1745, M-S-U-, Matter of; No. 14826 (AAO Dec. 10, 2015) (NSC) :: 1525 1804, 1959 MT Heating, Inc., 2011-PER-1250 (BALCA May 30, 2012) :: 1643 Munroe, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 428 (BIA 2014) :: 1395 Mtoched v. Lynch, 786 F.3d 1210 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 132, 229, Munroe v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 225 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 335 2121 Munsingwear; U.S. v., 340 U.S. 36 (1950) :: 2033 Muchnick v. DHS, 225 F.Supp.3d 1069 (N.D. Cal. 2016) :: 609, Munyakazi v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 291 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 780 616 Munyenyezi; U.S. v., 781 F.3d 532 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 2338 Mudric v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 469 F.3d 94 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 473, 571, Muradin v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 1208 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 891, 1049 942, 1793 Muratoski v. Holder, 622 F.3d 824 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1731, 1994, Muehler v. Mena, 544 U.S. 93 (2005) :: 484, 491–92, 496 2000 Mueller, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 268 (BIA 1965) :: 136–37 Murguia-Marquez; U.S. v., 700 F.Supp.2d 1248 (S.D. Cal. 2010) Mufied v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 847 :: 419 Mufti v. Lynch, 190 F.Supp.3d 827 (N.D. Ind. 2016) :: 2133 Murillo v. Musegades, 809 F.Supp. 487 (W.D. Tex. 1992) :: 491, Mugalli v. Ashcroft, 258 F.3d 52 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 302–3, 394 494, 496, 498, 502, 508, 2104 Muhanna v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 582 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 469, 920, Murillo v. Rite Stuff Foods, Inc., 65 Cal. App. 4th 833 (2d Dist. 976, 979 1998) :: 2253 Muhur v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 958 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 729, 804, 1012, Murillo-Espinoza v. INS, 261 F.3d 771 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 375, 392 2097 Murillo-Prado v. Holder, 735 F.3d 1152 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 332 Muhur v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 653 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2168, 2171, Murillo-Robles v. Lynch, 839 F.3d 88 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 720 2177 Murillo-Salmeron v. INS, 327 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 135 Muigai v. INS, 682 F.2d 334 (2d Cir. 1982) :: 659 Muro-Inclan; U.S. v., 249 F.3d 1180 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 418 Muiruri v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 984 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 475, 629, 2199 Murphy v. Hunt, 455 U.S. 478 (1982) :: 2032 Mujagic, In re Extradition of; 990 F.Supp.2d 207 (N.D.N.Y. 2013) Murphy v. INS, 54 F.3d 605 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 273, 675–76, 689– :: 880 90, 2283 Mujica v. Airscan, Inc., 771 F.3d 580 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 2146, 2151 Murphy v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 740 F.Supp.2d 51 (D.D.C. Mu Ju Li v. Mukasey, 515 F.3d 575 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1858, 2059, 2010) :: 2156–59 2087, 2095 Murphy v. Sloan, 764 F.3d 1144 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 189 Muka v. Baker, 559 F.3d 480 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1895 Murphy, 1991-INA-281 (Aug. 17, 1992) :: 1701 Mukamusoni v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 110 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 958, 962 Murray v. Ashcroft, 285 F.Supp.2d 664 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 681 Mukarram v. Collett, 649 F.Supp.2d 418 (D. Md. 2009) :: 1729, Murray v. Ashcroft, 321 F.Supp.2d 385 (D. Conn. 2004) :: 568 2296 Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478 (1986) :: 383 Mukherjee v. INS, 793 F.2d 1006 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 571 Murray v. Northrop Grumman Info. Tech., Inc., 444 F.3d 169 (2d Mulanga v. Ashcroft, 349 F.3d 123 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 685, 955, 984 Cir. 2006) :: 11, 2134, 2165 Mulenga, Matter of; A22-199-560 (Chicago) :: 1366 Murray v. The Schooner Charming Betsy, 6 U.S. (2 Cranch) 64 Mullai v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 635 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1740 (1804) :: 2115 Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 Murtano v. C.R. England, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1116 (2005) :: 2262 (1950) :: 718 Murtuza v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 508 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 715 Musa v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 1019 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 849, 970, 1020 Musabelliu v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 991 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 793 2552 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Muse v. Sessions, 409 F.Supp.3d 707 (D. Minn. 2018) :: 260, 546 Nagahi v. INS, 219 F.3d 1166 (10th Cir. 2000) :: 1951, 2330 Muse Design Inc., 2012-PER-1088 (Jan. 15, 2016) :: 1664, 1707 Nagi El Moraghy v. Ashcroft, 331 F.3d 195 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 970 Mushtaq v. Holder, 583 F.3d 875 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 232, 1805 Nago, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 446 (BIA 1978) :: 1306 Muslim Advocates v. DOJ, 833 F.Supp.2d 92 (D.D.C. 2011) :: Nagoulko v. INS, 333 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 791, 1013 614 Nahatchevska v. Ashcroft, 317 F.3d 1226 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 2086 Musollari v. Mukasey, 545 F.3d 505 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 991, 1001 Nahl v. Jaqude, 354 F.Supp.3d 489 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 2144, Mussaleen; U.S. v., 35 F.3d 692 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 426 2149 Mussie v. INS, 172 F.3d 329 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 853, 855 Nahrvani v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 855 Mustafa v. Holder, 707 F.3d 745 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 806 N-A-I-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 72 (BIA 2017) :: 776, 1054, 1063, Mustafa v. Holder, 707 F.3d 745 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1041 1805 Mustanich v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 1084 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 571, Naidoo v. INS, 39 F.Supp.2d 755 (W.D. La. 1999) :: 1983 1794 Naik v. Naik, No. A-6270-05T5 (N.J. Super. Apr. 14, 2008) :: 115 Mustata v. DOJ, 179 F.3d 1017 (6th Cir. 1999) :: 1979 Naik v. Renaud, 947 F.Supp.2d 464 (D.N.J. 2013), aff'd, 575 Musunuru v. Holder, 81 F.Supp.3d 721 (E.D. Wis. 2015) :: 1600, F.App'x 88 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 1330, 1920, 2027 1968, 2018 Nail v. Martinez, 391 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 2166 Musunuru v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 880 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 469, 627, Naim Ojeil & Samoeil Tshk; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 984 (1998) :: 1456, 1600, 1968, 2025, 2065 2221 Muszczuk; U.S. v., 847 F.Supp.2d 227 (D. Mass. 2012) :: 440 Nair v. Coultice, 162 F.Supp.2d 1209 (S.D. Cal. 2001) :: 1191, Mutascu v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 710 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 330 1294, 1915, 2083–84 Mutie-Timothy v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 1044 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1369, Nai Yuan Jiang v. Holder, 611 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 787, 1373, 1972, 1974 1026–28, 2077 Mutuku v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1210 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 839, 864, 2099 Naizgi v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 484 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 842, 844 Mu Ying Wu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 745 F.3d 1140 (11th Cir. 2014) :: Najaf-Ali v. Meese, 653 F.Supp. 833 (N.D. Cal. 1987) :: 46, 272 678, 793, 1024 Najafi v. INS, 104 F.3d 943 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 846, 1011 Muyubisnay-Cungachi v. Holder, 734 F.3d 66 (1st Cir. 2013) :: Najera v. U.S., 926 F.3d 140 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 2132, 2134 833, 1006 Najera Jimenez; U.S. v., 593 F.3d 391 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 438 M/V Guadalupe, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 67 (BIA 1968) :: 464 Najera-Rodriguez v. Barr, 926 F.3d 343 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 290, M/V Saru Meru, 20 I&N Dec. 592 (BIA 1992) :: 464 351 M-W-, Matter of, see Wajda v. Holder Naji v. Nelson, 113 FRD 548 (N.D. Ill. 1986) :: 626 Mwalumba; U.S. v., 688 F.Supp.2d 565 (N.D. Tex. 2010) :: 2300, Naji Al Warafi v. Obama, 704 F.Supp.2d 32 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 553 2324, 2326 Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 1845 Mwangi v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 623 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1047 Najmabadi v. Holder, 597 F.3d 983 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1878, 1886 Mwangi v. Barr, 934 F.3d 818 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1856, 1860 Nakamoto v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 874 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 280, 1415, Mwani v. Bin Laden, 417 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2005) :: 2150 1966 Mwani v. Laden, 947 F.Supp.1 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2146 Nakibuka v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 473 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 787, 807, Mwasaru v. Napolitano, 619 F.3d 545 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 1436, 1010, 1015 1953, 2028 Nakimbugwe v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 281 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 862, Mwembie v. Gonzales, 443 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 825, 834, 1898, 1987 989 Nako v. Holder, 611 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 841 Mwongera v. INS, 187 F.3d 323 (3d Cir. 1999) :: 176, 178, 180, Nakoi, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 208 (BIA 1972) :: 133 1116, 1121 N-A-M-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 336 (BIA 2007), aff'd, N-A-M- v. Myat Thu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 510 F.3d 405 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 846, Holder, 587 F.3d 1052 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 664, 681, 684, 965, 1022 871, 873–74, 2077 Myers v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 293, 350, Namarra v. Mayorkas, 924 F.Supp.2d 1058 (D. Minn. 2013) :: 1746, 2045 202, 1930, 1975, 2042 My Lumber Heating & Air, 2011-PER-2712 (July 3, 2013) :: 1665 Namio, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 412 (BIA 1973) :: 177, 1730 Myrie v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 855 F.3d 509 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 885, 887, Namo v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 453 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 2101 895, 1035, 1836 Nancy Adelman, 2011-PER-2464 (Dec. 21, 2012) :: 1619 M-Z-M-R-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 28 (BIA 2012) :: 835, 837, 840 Nancy, Ltd., 1988-INA-358 (BALCA 1989), rev'd on other grounds, Nancy, Ltd. v. Dole, No. 89-2257-Civ-Scott (S.D. N Fla. Aug. 8, 1990), aff'd per curiam, No. 90-5857 (11th Cir. 1991) :: 1696, 1701 N-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 173 (Comm. 1953) :: 1546 Nand, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 336 (BIA 1964) :: 677 N-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 466 (BIA 1956) :: 140 Nanic v. Lynch, 793 F.3d 945 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 676 N-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 660 (BIA 1960) :: 287 Nanje v. Chavez, 134 F.Supp.3d 544 (D. Mass. 2015) :: 336 NAACP v. Trump, 298 F.Supp.3d 209 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1796 Nanje v. Chavez, 836 F.3d 131 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 335 NAACP v. Trump, 315 F.Supp.3d 457 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1796 Nanna, In re; 9 A.D.3d 230 (1st Dep't N.Y. 2004) :: 655 NAACP v. Trump, 321 F.Supp.3d 143 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1920 Nantume v. Barr, 931 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1872 NAACP v. U.S. Sugar Corp., 84 F.3d 1432 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: Nantume v. Smith, 324 F.Supp.3d 214 (D. Mass. 2018) :: 756, 2019, 2029 763 Naaman; U.S. v., 813 F.2d 1577 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 434 Naoum v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 300 F.Supp.2d 521 (N.D. Ohio 2004) :: Nabulwala v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 1115 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 800, 579 1837 Naragan v. Ilchert, 799 F.Supp. 1047 (N.D. Cal. 1992) :: 764 Nadal-Ginard v. Holder, 558 F.3d 61 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 690, 697, Naranjo-Aguilera v. INS, 30 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 2026 1792 Narayan v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 1065 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 785, 1833 Nadarajah v. Gonzales, 443 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 258, Narcisco y Digamon, Matter of; No. K-87-1818 (D. Md. 1988) :: 260, 529, 531, 759, 943, 2055 2174 Nadarajah v. Holder, 569 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 2167, 2174, Nardea v. Sessions, 876 F.3d 675 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 1114 2177 Narenji v. Civiletti, 617 F.2d 745 (D.C. Cir. 1979) :: 44, 477 Nadeem v. Holder, 599 F.3d 869 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 892, 1002 Narine v. Holder, 559 F.3d 246 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 1734, 1820, Nader v. Saxbe, 497 F.2d 676 (D.C. Cir. 1974) :: 1802 1858, 2060 Naderpour v. INS, 52 F.3d 731 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 1820 Narvaez-Gomez; U.S. v., 489 F.3d 970 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 319, 326 Nadler v. INS, 737 F.Supp. 658 (D.D.C. 1989) :: 2172, 2177 NASA v. Nelson, 562 U.S. 134 (2011) :: 621 Nadmid v. Holder, 784 F.3d 357 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 694, 951, 983 Nascimento v. INS, 274 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 2059, 2095 Naeem v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1471 Nasious v. Two Unknown BICE Agents at the Arapahoe Cnty. Nafi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 430 (BIA 1987) :: 274 Justice Ctr., 657 F.Supp.2d 1218 (D. Colo. 2009) :: 538, 2140 TABLE OF CASES 2553

Nasir v. INS, 122 F.3d 484 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 672 Natural Nature, Inc., 2009-PER-337 (Mar. 30, 2010) :: 1645–46, Nason v. INS, 394 F.2d 223 (2d Cir. 1968) :: 142, 287–88, 1817 1712 Nasrabadi v. Kameli, 18-C-8514, 2019 WL 3573567 (N.D. Ill. Naufahu, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 904 (RC 1966) :: 1543, 1704 Aug. 6, 2019) :: 1591 Naujalis v. INS, 240 F.3d 642 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 282 Nasrallah v. Barr, 590 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 1683 (2020) :: 380, 738, Naulu, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 351 (BIA 1986) :: 1423 893, 1036–38, 1051, 1913, 1988 Navarijo-Barrios v. Ashcroft, 322 F.3d 561 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 966, Nath v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 1185 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 379, 1969, 982 1974 Navarrete, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 138 (BIA 1967) :: 2282 Nathan Littauer Hospital & Nursing Home, 2010-PER-1066 (Aug. Navarrete-Lopez v. Barr, 919 F.3d 951 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 715 16, 2011) :: 1620 Navarrete-Medina; U.S. v., 554 F.3d 1312 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 452 National Aeronautics & Space Admin., see NASA Navarro v. Holder, 840 F.Supp.2d 1331 (S.D. Fla. 2012) :: 367 National Archives & Records Admin. v. Favish, 541 U.S. 157 Navarro v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 729 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1784 (2004) :: 612 Navarro-Aispura v. INS, 53 F.3d 233 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1493 National Ass'n of Mfrs. v. DOL, 159 F.3d 597 (D.C. Cir. 1998) :: Navarro-Chalan v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 19 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 486 2167, 2173 Navarro Guadarrama, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 560 (BIA 2019) :: National Ass'n of Mfrs. v. DOL, 1996 WL 420868 (D.D.C. July 22, 146, 291, 307, 312, 355, 357 1996) :: 1209, 1922, 2027 Navarro-Lopez v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 1063 (9th Cir. 2007) (en National Ass'n of Real Estate Bds.; U.S. v., 339 U.S., 485, 495 banc), overruled on other grounds, U.S. v. Aguila-Montes (1950) :: 1835 de Oca, 655 F.3d 915 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc) :: 124, 144, National Cable & Telecomm. Ass'n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 356–57, 390 545 U.S. 967 (2005) :: 137, 743, 753, 760, 1027, 1481, Navarro-Miranda v. Ashcroft, 330 F.3d 672 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 1816–17, 2055, 2069, 2075–77, 2115, 2118–19 1862, 1868, 2086 National Collegiate Recreation Servs. v. Chertoff, 447 F.Supp.2d Navas v. INS, 217 F.3d 646 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 808, 963 527 (D.S.C. 2006) :: 1312, 1966 Navas-Acosta, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 586 (BIA 2003) :: 573, National Collegiate Recreation Servs. v. Powell, No. 9:02cv02676 2077 (D.S.C. Nov. 26, 2002) :: 1167, 2062 Navia-Duran v. INS, 568 F.2d 803 (1st Cir. 1977) :: 487, 497 National Council of Churches v. Egan, No. 79-2959-Civ-WMH Navidad-Marcos; U.S. v., 367 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 679 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 29, 1979) :: 2243 Nazakat v. INS, 981 F.2d 1146 (10th Cir. 1992) :: 1824 National Council of La Raza v. DOJ, 411 F.3d 350 (2d Cir. 2005) Nazarova v. INS, 171 F.3d 478 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 470, 721–22 :: 615 N-B-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 590 (BIA 1999) :: 274, 1864, 1879 National Council of Resistance of Iran v. DOS, 251 F.3d 192 Nbaye v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 665 F.3d 57 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 2049–50 (D.C. Cir. 2001) :: 204 N-C-, Matter of; ID# 860831 (AAO Dec. 14, 2017) :: 1537 National Credit Union Administration v. First Nat'l Bank & Trust N-C-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 535 (BIA 2011) :: 808, 824, 901–2 Co., 522 U.S. 479 (1998) :: 2017, 2022 NCSOFT Corp., 2012-PER-1024 (Jan. 8, 2016) :: 1652 National Ctr. for Immigrants' Rights, Inc. v. INS, 791 F.2d 1351 NCS Pearson, Inc., 2015-PER-110 (Jan. 24, 2019) :: 1673 (9th Cir. 1986), vacated on other grounds, 481 U.S. 1009 (1987), reaff'd, 913 F.2d 1350 (9th Cir. 1990), vacated on Ndayshimiye v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 557 F.3d 124 (3d Cir. 2009) :: other grounds, 502 U.S. 183 (1991) :: 518, 1916, 2006, 828, 831 2108, 2112 N'Diaye v. Barr, 931 F.3d 656 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 194, 198 National Day Laborer Org. Network v. ICE, 811 F.Supp.2d 713 Ndiaye v. CVS Pharmacy 6081, 547 F.Supp.2d 807 (S.D. Ohio (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 617 2008) :: 1212 National Day Laborer Org. Network v. ICE, 827 F.Supp.2d 242 Ndiaye v. CVS Store No. 6081, 2004-LCA-36 (ARB May 9, 2007) (S.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 608, 616 :: 1211, 1219 National Day Laborer Org. Network v. ICE, 877 F.Supp.2d 87 Ndiaye v. CVS Store No. 6081, 2004-LCA-36 (ARB Nov. 29, (S.D.N.Y. 2012) :: 539, 604, 607, 609 2006) :: 1211 National Fed'n of Indep. Businesses v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 Ndiaye; U.S. v., 434 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 429 (2012) :: 37, 1514 Ndibu v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 229 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 918 National Hand Tool Corp. v. Pasquarell, 889 F.2d 1472 (5th Cir. N'Diom v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 494 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 640, 642 1989) :: 1287 Ndom v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 743 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 795, 807, 837, National Immigr. Justice Ctr. v. DOJ, 953 F.3d 503 (7th Cir. 2020) 869, 948, 2037 :: 612 Ndonyi v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 702 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 830 National Immigr. Project of the Nat'l Lawyers Guild v. DHS, 842 Ndrecaj v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 667 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1000 F.Supp.2d 720 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) :: 607, 2092 Ndreko v. Ridge, 351 F.Supp.2d 904 (D. Minn. 2004) :: 660, 1947 National Immigr. Project of the Nat'l Lawyers Guild v. DHS, 868 Nebeker, Inc., d/b/a Aire Serv.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1165 F.Supp.2d 284 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) :: 607, 609, 2092 (Jan. 16, 2013) :: 2228 National Inst. for Petroleum & Energy Research, 1988-INA-535 Neder v. U.S., 527 U.S. 1 (1999) :: 2111 (1989) :: 1670 Needham-Betz Thoroughbreds, Inc., 2011-PER-2104 (Dec. 31, National Med. Enterprises, Inc. v. Shalala, 826 F.Supp. 558 2014) :: 1623 (D.D.C. 1993) :: 2049 Nee Hao Wong v. INS, 550 F.2d 521 (9th Cir. 1977) :: 706 National Oilwell Varco, L.P., 2013-PER-766 (June 26, 2019) :: Neely & Whylie, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 864 (BIA 1966) :: 279, 1677 1123 National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101 Neergaard-Colon v. Neergaard, 752 F.3d 526 (1st Cir. 2014) :: (2002) :: 2264 187 National Security Counselors v. CIA, 811 F.3d 22 (D.C. Cir. 2016) Negele v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 981 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 211 :: 2180 Negeya v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 78 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 964, 1044 National Venture Capital Ass'n v. Nielson, 318 F.Supp.3d 145 Negrete v. Holder, 567 F.3d 419 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1972 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2169, 2171, 2177–79 Negrete-Ramirez v. Holder, 741 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 74, National Venture Capital Assoc. v. Duke, 291 F.Supp.3d 5 227, 1477, 2070 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 69, 1922–23 Negrete-Rodriguez v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 497 (7th Cir. 2008) :: Nation Magazine, Washington Bureau v. U.S. Customs Serv., 71 288, 1804, 2125 F.3d 885 (D.C. Cir. 1995) :: 615 Negusie, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 347 (BIA 2018) :: 779 Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Darden, 503 U.S. 318 (1992) :: 2184 Negusie, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 481 (AG 2018) :: 779, 781 Nativi-Gomez v. Ashcroft, 344 F.3d 805 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 478, Negusie v. Holder, 555 U.S. 511 (2009) :: 779, 1051, 2082, 2096, 1726 2107, 2109 Naton v. Bank of Cal., 649 F.2d 691 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 1794 Nehad v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 962 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 638–39 Natural Envtl., Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1197 (Aug. 15, 2013) Nehme v. INS, 252 F.3d 415 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 37, 1960, 2288 :: 2228 Neil Bros. Ltd. v. World Wide Lanes, Inc., 425 F.Supp.2d 325 (E.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 2040 2554 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Neill, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 331 (BIA 1975) :: 1121 New York City Dep't of Educ., 2014-PER-1733 (May 29, 2019) :: Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319 (1989) :: 160, 656, 1083 1612 Nelson, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 410 (BIA 2011), aff'd, Nelson v. New York, City of, v. Baker, 878 F.2d 507 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 215, U.S. Att'y Gen., 685 F.3d 318 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1745, 1747 2014 Nelson, In re; 873 F.2d 1396 (11th Cir. 1989) :: 1441 New York, City of, v. Permanent Mission of India to United Na- Nelson v. INS, 232 F.3d 258 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 706 tions, 618 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1923 Nelson v. Reno, 204 F.Supp.2d 1355 (S.D. Fla. 2002), aff'd with- New York, City of, v. U.S., 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 48, 510 out opinion, 61 F.App'x 670 (Table) :: 1500 New York; DHS v., 589 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 599 (2020) :: 99, 1954 Nelson Lewis, Inc., 2018-TLN-13 (Dec. 8, 2017) :: 1246 New York Equip. Dealers Inc., 2012-PER-2704 (Dec. 7, 2016) :: Nemetz v. INS, 647 F.2d 432 (4th Cir. 1981) :: 37 1697 Nen Di Wu v. Holder, 617 F.3d 97 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 2035–36 New York State Dep't of Health, 2012-PER-1151 (Mar. 14, 2016) Nen Di Wu v. Holder, 646 F.3d 133 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 2035 :: 1660–61 Nepal; U.S. v., 894 F.3d 204 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 2327 New York State Dep't of Transp. (NYSDOT), Matter of; 22 I&N Neri-Garcia v. Holder, 696 F.3d 1003 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 966, Dec. 215 (Acting AC 1998) :: 1533 1020, 1048 New York Times Co. v. DHS, 959 F.Supp.2d 449 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) Nesari v. Taylor, 806 F.Supp.2d 848 (E.D. Va. 2011) :: 725, 1326, :: 264, 608, 616 2330 New York Times Co. v. DOJ, 282 F.Supp.3d 234 (D.D.C 2017) :: NetApp, Inc., 2015-PER-209 (Jan. 25, 2017) :: 1697 613 Netflix, 2012-PER-2315 (June 8, 2016) :: 1620, 1668 NexGen-USLBM, LLC d/b/a Truss Pro's Inc., 2019-TLN-109 (Apr. Nethagani v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 150 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 866, 871, 29, 2019) :: 1245 878, 1965, 1967 Next Generation Tech., Inc. v. Johnson, 328 F.Supp.3d 252 Neto-Domingos, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 310 (BIA 1975) :: 1413 (S.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 1180, 1182 Neuenschwander v. USCIS, 859 F.Supp.2d 759 (E.D. Va. 2012) Neyor v. INS, 155 F.Supp.2d 127 (D.N.J. 2001) :: 382, 1945 :: 149 Ng, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 63 (BIA 1979) :: 1791 Neufeld-Neufeld; U.S. v., 338 F.3d 374 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 495 Ng, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 536 (BIA 1980) :: 176 Nevada Lifestyles, Inc., d/b/a Commercial Drapery Cleaners; U.S. Ng v. INS, 804 F.2d 534 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1889 v., 3 OCAHO no. 518 (May 10, 1993) :: 2185 Ng v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 436 F.3d 392 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 322, 390, Nevarez-Martinez v. INS, 326 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 331 2078, 2083 Neven Skalko Reproductions, 2000-INA-38 (May 2, 2000) :: 1687 Ngai, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 245 (Comm. 1984) :: 225, 230 Neves v. Holder, 613 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 709, 1869, 1882, Ngamfon v. DHS, 349 F.Supp.3d 975 (C.D. Cal. 2018) :: 175, 1904, 1906, 1961, 1965, 1967 1918, 2290 The New AAA Apartment Plumbers, Inc., 2008-INA-95 (Sept. 12, Ngan, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 725 (BIA 1964) :: 1730 2008) :: 1655–56 Ngarurih v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 182 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 844, 1014, New All Star Wireless, LLC, 2015-PER-20 (Jan. 30, 2017) :: 1674 1045, 1740–41 Newbrough v. Piedmont Reg'l Jail Auth., 822 F.Supp.2d 558 Ngassam v. Chertoff, 590 F.Supp.2d 461 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 783, (E.D. Va. 2011) :: 265, 2130 912, 1052, 2043 New China Buffet Restaurant; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1132 (Mar. Ngengwe v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 1029 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 787, 800, 18, 2010) :: 2212, 2215, 2232 819, 1021 New China Buffet Restaurant; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1133 (May Ng Fung Ho v. White, 259 U.S. 276 (1922) :: 467, 572 27, 2010) (New China II) :: 2227 Ngiraingas v. Sanchez, 495 U.S. 182 (1990) :: 2129 New Consumer Products, 1987-INA-706 (1988) :: 1699 Ngonga v. Sessions, 318 F.Supp.3d 270 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2040 Newell v. Holder, 983 F.Supp.2d 241 (W.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 754 Ng Sui Wing v. U.S., 46 F.2d 755 (7th Cir. 1931) :: 137 New El Rey Sausage Co.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 66 (July 7, Ngugi v. Lynch, 826 F.3d 1132 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 808, 826 1989), aff'd, 925 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2196 Ngure v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 975 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1048, 1814, The New England Inn of Illinois, Inc., 2012-PER-380 (Dec. 17, 2042 2014) :: 1621 Nguyen v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 386 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 324 New England Nuclear Corp., 1980-INA-272 (DOL 1981) :: 1666 Nguyen v. B.I. Inc., 435 F.Supp.2d 1109 (D. Or. 2006) :: 760 New Jersey Inst. of Tech., 2008-PER-133 (Apr. 1, 2009) :: 1703 Nguyen v. DHS, No. 20-cv-718 (APM), 2020 WL 2527210 New Outlook Homecare, LLC; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1210 (Feb. (D.D.C. May 18, 2020) :: 82, 2019 11, 2014) :: 2226 Nguyen v. District Director, 400 F.3d 255 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 478, New Prime Inc. v. Oliveira, 586 U.S. __, 139 S.Ct. 532 (2019) :: 1726 2107 Nguyen v. Holder, 743 F.3d 311 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 1408 New Solution, Inc., 2012-PER-109 (Apr. 9, 2014) :: 1613 Nguyen v. INS, 53 F.3d 310 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 367 News-Press v. DHS, 489 F.3d 1173 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 608, 618 Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001) :: 38, 43–44, 2282 New Star at Niagara Fall, Inc. d/b/a New Star Buffet; U.S. v., 10 Nguyen v. INS, 991 F.2d 621 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 288, 873 OCAHO no. 1192 (July 25, 2013) :: 2206, 2213, 2218, 2230 Nguyen v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 853 (8th Cir. 2008) (per curiam) :: New Sun Transit, Inc. d/b/a La Tolteca Mexican Restaurant; U.S. 1396, 1401, 1935 v., 10 OCAHO no. 1194 (OCAHO Aug. 7, 2013) :: 2231 Nguyen v. Reno, 211 F.3d 692 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 131 New York v. Burger, 482 U.S. 691 (1987) :: 2208 Nguyen v. U.S., 545 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 2134 New York v. DHS, 408 F.Supp.3d 334 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 99 Nguyen v. USCIS, 847 F.3d 750 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 374, 394 New York v. DHS, No. 19-cv-07993-GDB (S.D.N.Y July 29, 2020) Nguyen; U.S. v., 73 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 427 :: 99 Nguyen; U.S. v., 255 F.3d 1335 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 739 New York v. DOJ, 951 F.3d 84 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 56 Nguyen; U.S. v., 465 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 440 New York v. ICE, No. 19-cv-8876 (JSR), 2020 WL 3067715 Nguyen; U.S. v., 829 F.3d 907 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 2338 (S.D.N.Y. June 10, 2020) :: 506 Nguyen Da Yen v. Kissinger, 528 F.2d 1194 (9th Cir. 1975) :: New York v. U.S., 505 U.S. 144 (1992) :: 56 2051, 2104 New York City Dep't of Educ., 2012-PER-2381, et al. (Apr. 24, Ngwana v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 40 F.Supp.2d 319 (D. Md. 1999) :: 2015) :: 1708 2303 New York City Dep't of Educ., 2012-PER-2420 (Feb. 17, 2015) :: Ngwanyia v. Ashcroft, 302 F.Supp.2d 1076 (D. Minn. 2004) :: 1707 1053, 2079 New York City Dep't of Educ., 2012-PER-2553, et al. (May 14, NHS Human Servs., 10 OCAHO no. 1198 (Aug. 16, 2013) :: 2268 2015) :: 1644 Ni v. BIA, 439 F.3d 177 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 881 New York City Dep't of Educ., 2012-PER-2753 (June 19, 2015) :: Ni v. DOJ, 424 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 999 1709 Niam v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 652 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 665, 667, 1049, New York City Dep't of Educ., 2012-PER-3049 (Dec. 21, 2015) :: 1827 1661, 1663 Niang v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 1187 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 818, 991, 1021 TABLE OF CASES 2555

Niang v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 505 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 790, 844, 938 N.L.A. v. Holder, 744 F.3d 425 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 800, 817, 819, Niang v. Holder, 762 F.3d 251 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 918 823, 849, 1005, 1009 Niang v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 138 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 841, 960, 976– NLRB v. Bell Aerospace Co. Div. of Textron, Inc., 416 U.S. 267 77 (1974) :: 2125 Nibagwire v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 153 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 719 NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 440 U.S. 490 (1979) :: 2115 Nicacio v. INS, 797 F.2d 700 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 493, 500, 2024, NLRB v. Domsey Trading Corp., 636 F.3d 33 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 2206 2245 Nice v. Turnage, 752 F.2d 431 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1303 NLRB v. Industrial Union of Marine & Shipbuilding Workers, 391 Niche, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1250 (May 13, 2015) :: 2194, U.S. 418 (1968) :: 2002 2226 NLRB v. Robbins Tire & Rubber Co., 437 U.S. 214 (1978) :: 607 Nicholas v. INS, 590 F.2d 802 (9th Cir. 1979) :: 1802 NLRB v. SW General, Inc., 137 S.Ct. 929 (2017) :: 2110 Nichols; U.S. v., 142 F.3d 857 (5th Cir. 1998) :: 495 NLRB v. Wayne Transp., 776 F.2d 745 (7th Cir. 1985) :: 2122 Nickman v. Mesa Air Grp., 9 OCAHO no. 1106 (2004) :: 2267 N-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 526 (BIA 2011) :: 828, 1023, 1031 Nickman v. Mesa Air Grp., 9 OCAHO no. 1113 (2004) :: 2255, N-M-A-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 312 (BIA 1998) :: 839, 844 2258, 2262, 2265, 2267 NMA v. Ridge, 286 F.Supp.2d 469 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 753 Nicodemus v. Chrysler Corp., 596 F.2d 152 (6th Cir. 1979) :: 726 Nnadika v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 484 F.3d 626 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 783, Nicolas v. Mahoney, 608 F.Supp.2d 526 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2123, 912, 1052, 1901, 1934, 1936 2255 Nobelman v. American Savings Bank, 508 U.S. 324 (1993) :: Nicolas v. Nicolas, 444 So.2d 1118 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) :: 1409 2109 Nidec Motors & Actuators USA, Inc., 2010-PER-398 (Apr. 6, Noble v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 73 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1838 2011) :: 1611 Nodarse v. Barnhart, 319 F.Supp.2d 1333 (S.D. Fla. 2004) :: Nielsen v. Preap, 139 S.Ct. 954 (2010) :: 530 1510 Nielsen v. Preap, 139 S.Ct. 954 (2019) :: 542, 544, 1912, 1954– Noel; U.S. v., 231 F.3d 833 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 409, 462 55, 2031–32 Noeller v. Wojdylo, 923 F.3d 797 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 880 Nieto Hernandez v. Holder, 592 F.3d 681 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 316 Noel Plastering & Stucco, Inc.; U.S. v., 2 OCAHO no. 396 (1991) Nieves-Medrano v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 325 :: 2221 Niftaliev v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 504 F.3d 1211 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 799, Noerand v. DeVos, No. 20-11271-LTS (D. Mass. July 24, 2020) 950–51, 957–58, 1042 Noh v. INS, 248 F.3d 938 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1085, 2051 NiGeo Corp., 2018-TLN-153 (Sept. 18, 2018) :: 1245 Nolan, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 539 (BIA 1988) :: 131, 394–95 Nightingale v. DHS, 333 FRD 449 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 606–7 Nolan v. Holmes, 334 F.3d 189 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 1935, 1967, Nigmadzhanov v. Mueller, 550 F.Supp.2d 540 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 2073, 2302 1928 Nolasco, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 632 (BIA 1999) :: 1746, 1751, Nigussie v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 531 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1001, 1988 1782, 1785 Nijhawan v. Holder, 557 U.S. 29 (2009) :: 124, 127, 293, 297, Nolasco v. Crockett, 958 F.3d 384 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 1976, 2062 301, 332–33, 335, 337, 360–62, 365–66, 682, 689, 2113 Nolasco v. Holder, 637 F.3d 159 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 480, 703 Nijjar v. Holder, 689 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 927, 935, 1054, Nolasco v. U.S., 358 F.Supp.2d 224 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 746, 1754, 1062, 2044, 2070, 2082–83 1940 Nikbin v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 471 F.Supp.2d 53 (D.D.C. Nolasco-Rosas; U.S. v., 286 F.3d 762 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 425 2007) :: 2155 Nolhak Inc., 2005-INA-114 (Aug. 2, 2006) :: 1646 Niken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418 (2009) :: 2237 Noll Pallet & Lumber Co., 2009-PER-82 (Dec. 16, 2009) :: 1637, Nikijuluw v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 115 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 803 1661 Nikoi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 939 F.2d 1065 (D.C. Cir. 1991) :: 1367 Nolos v. Holder, 611 F.3d 279 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 330, 1997, 2279 Nikrodhanondha v. Reno, 202 F.3d 922 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 1414 Noorani v. Smith, 810 F.Supp. 280 (W.D. Wash. 1993) :: 259–60 Nina L. ex rel. Howerton, In re Estate of; 41 N.E. 3d 930 (Ill. Norani v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 292 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1874, 1878, App.Ct. 2015) :: 1552 1889, 2058 N- Inc., Matter of; ID#129916 (AAO Jan. 13, 2017) :: 1527, 1598 Norberto Sagal Torres v. Pacific Continental Textiles, Inc., 10 Nine Iraqi Allies Under Serious Threat v. Kerry, 168 F.Supp.3d OCAHO no. 1203 (Oct. 15, 2013) :: 2258 268 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 1927, 1929, 1948, 1950, 1952, 2014 Noriega v. Pastrana, 564 F.3d 1290 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 461, 554 Nine Muses & Apollo, Inc., 2011-PER-25 (Dec. 27, 2011) :: 1631 Noriega-Lopez v. Ashcroft, 335 F.3d 874 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1830, Ning Ye v. Holder, 624 F.Supp.2d 121 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1949 1939, 2005, 2038, 2091 Nino v. Holder, 690 F.3d 691 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 141, 1763 Noriega-Perez v. U.S., 179 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 467 Nio v. DHS, 270 F.Supp.3d 49 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 1923, 2309, 2313 Noriega-Perez; U.S. v., 670 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 425 Nio v. DHS, 385 F.Supp.3d 44 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2309 Norma Diamond, 2002-INA-122 (Sept. 4, 2003) :: 1700 Nippon Travel Agency Micronesia, Inc., 2012-PER-125 (Apr. 11, Norman G. Bartner, D.D.S. 2010-PER-328 (May 26, 2010) :: 2014) :: 1628, 1707 1633 Niz-Chavez v. Barr, 789 Fed. Appx. 523 (6th Cir. 2019), cert. Norman W. Fries, Inc. d/b/a Claxton Poultry Farms, 2012-PER- granted, 2020 WL 3038288 (June 8, 2020) :: 1746 1071 (Jan. 29, 2016) :: 1646, 1709 Njai v. U.S., 484 F.Supp.2d 1040 (D. Ariz. 2007) :: 2199 Norman W. Fries, Inc. d/b/a/ Claxton Poultry Farms, 2012-PER- N-J-B-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 812 (BIA 1997) :: 10 3756 (Oct. 28, 2016) :: 1624, 1690 N-J-B-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1057 (BIA 1997) :: 1784 Noroozi v. Napolitano, 905 F.Supp.2d 535 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) :: Njenga v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 335 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1044, 1999 1520–21, 1523 Njie v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 380 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1415, 1790, 1831 North Am. Butterfly Ass'n v. Nielsen, 368 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. Njong v. Whitaker, 911 F.3d 919 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 788, 933 2019) :: 500 Njoroge v. Holder, 753 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 595, 635 North Am. Indus., Inc. v. Feldman, 722 F.2d 893 (1st Cir. 1983) :: Njuguna v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 765 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 935, 1049, 1269, 1597, 2015 1827 North Carolina Growers Ass'n, Inc., 2010-TLC-17, 2010-TLC-19 N-K-, Matter of; ID# 191636 (AAO Apr. 14, 2017) :: 1537–38 (Feb. 22, 2010) :: 1231 Nkacoang v. INS, 83 F.3d 353 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 1740 North Cnty. Cooling, 2007-PER-93 (June 4, 2008) :: 1619 Nken v. Holder, 585 F.3d 818 (4th Cir. 2009), aff'd on other North Coast Cardiology Inc., 2012-PER-958 (Nov. 16, 2015) :: grounds, 556 U.S. 418 (2009) :: 765, 1037, 1843, 1875, 1644 1955, 2045, 2088, 2091, 2108, 2110 North Country Wreaths, 2012-TLN-43 (Aug. 9, 2012) :: 1247 Nken v. Napolitano, 607 F.Supp.2d 149 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1940 Northern Light's Cattle, 2009-TLC-4 (Nov. 3, 2008) :: 1238 Nkomo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 930 F.3d 129 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 555, North Jersey Media Grp., Inc. v. Ashcroft, 308 F.3d 198 (3d Cir. 577, 871 2002) :: 630 N-K- & V-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 879 (BIA 1997) :: 274, 521, North Shore Sch. for the Arts; Administrator, WHD v., 2012-LCA- 644, 647, 716, 1859 39 (Jan. 18, 2013) :: 1198 2556 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. City of Kent, Mich., 510 U.S. 355 O-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 295 (BIA 1959) :: 1450 (1994) :: 2086 O-, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 344 (BIA 1997) :: 261 Northwest Immigr. Rights Project v. Sessions, No. C17-716 RAJ, O-A-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2017-03 (AAO Apr. 17, 2017) :: 2017 WL 3189032 (W.D. Wash. July 27, 2017) :: 648 1531–32, 1543, 1667 Norwest Bank Minneapolis, N.A., 1987-INA-658 (1988) :: 1699 O.A. v. Trump, 404 F.Supp.3d 109 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 914 Nose v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 993 F.2d 75 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 1113–14 Oakley v. DeVos, No. 20-cv-03215-YGR, 2020 WL 3268661 Notash v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 693 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 126, 129, 140 (N.D. Cal. June 17, 2020) :: 92, 1800 Nou v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 272 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1043 Obaigbena, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 533 (BIA 1988) :: 1453, 1838, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., 2015-PER-225 (Dec. 7, 2016) :: 1850 1651 Obale v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 453 F.3d 151 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 982, 1911 Nova Software, Inc., 2012-PER-518 (Dec. 23, 2014) :: 1638 Obando, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 278 (BIA 1977) :: 1377 Nowak v. INS, 94 F.3d 390 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 2086 Obasohan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 479 F.3d 785 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 334 N-P-, Matter of; ID#1519707 (AAO Sept. 25, 2018) :: 1538 Obaydullah v. Obama, 688 F.3d 784 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 552 Nreka v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 408 F.3d 1361 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 936, Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. 644 (2015) :: 43, 1386, 1403, 957, 959, 1036, 1114 1406–7 N.S. v. Hughes, __ F.R.D. __, No. 1:20-cv-101-RCL, 2020 WL Obeya, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 856 (BIA 2016) :: 138 2219441 (D.D.C. May 7, 2020) :: 510, 535 Obeya v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 442 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 139, 286, N-S-M-K-, Matter of; ID# 262667 (AAO May 30, 2017) :: 1538 2118, 2120 Nsukami v. INS, 890 F.Supp. 170 (E.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 1999 Obi v. Holder, 558 F.3d 609 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1743, 1763, 2121 Ntangsi v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 1007 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 946, 1054– Obioha v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 400 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 1743, 1765, 55 1973 Ntangsi v. Holder, 554 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 956, 1002 Obleshchenko v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 654 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1741 Nugent v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 162 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 337 Obleshchenko v. Ashcroft, 392 F.3d 970 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 475, Nu Look Cleaners of Pembroke Pines, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO 478, 632, 637, 940, 1726 no. 274 (Dec. 5, 1990) :: 2212, 2214 O'Brien v. Moore, 395 F.3d 499 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 2174 Nunes v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1944, 1946 O'Brien; U.S. v., 391 U.S. 367 (1968) :: 566 Nunez v. Holder, 594 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 136, 1817 O'Brien & Van Stiphout LLC, 2010-PER-35 (Jan. 3, 2011) :: 1642 Nunez v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 499 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 715, 1874, O'Bryan v. Holy See, 490 F.Supp.2d 826 (W.D. Ky. 2005) :: 2155 1877 O'Bryan v. Holy See, 556 F.3d 361 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 2154 Nunez; U.S. v., 375 F.Supp.3d 232 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 415, 417, Obshatko, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 173 (BIA 2017) :: 300 419 Ocampo, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1301 (BIA 2000) :: 1734 Nunez-Garcia v. U.S., 364 F.Supp.3d 620 (W.D. Va. 2019) :: 764, Ocampo v. Holder, 629 F.3d 923 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1737, 1739, 1982 1864 Nunez-Garcia; U.S. v., 262 F.Supp.2d 1073 (C.D. Cal. 2003) :: Ocampo-Duran v. Ashcroft, 254 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 286, 686, 2323–24 301 Nunez-Moron v. Holder, 702 F.3d 353 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1766 Ocana v. El Dorado Stone, LLC, 11 OCAHO no. 1244 (Feb. 10, Nunez-Payan v. INS, 815 F.2d 384 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 149, 381 2015) :: 2266 Nunez Pena v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 756 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 288 Ocasio v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 105 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 663, 674, 2037 Nunez-Portillo v. Holder, 763 F.3d 974 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1726 Occupational Resource Mgmt., Inc., a/k/a Occupational Resource Nunez-Reyes v. Holder, 646 F.3d 684 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc) :: Mgmt. Staffing, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1166 (Jan. 23, 39, 148, 374, 389, 392–94, 481, 595, 1729, 1761, 1969, 2013) :: 2187, 2193, 2196, 2198, 2215–16 2099, 2120 O'Cealleagh, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 976 (BIA 2006) :: 122 Nunez-Soberanis; U.S. v., 406 F.Supp.3d 835 (S.D. Cal. 2019) :: O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao v. Duke, 286 F.Supp.2d 440–41 1239 (D.N.M. 2017) :: 1314 Nunez-Valdez; State v., 975 A.2d 418 (NJ 2009) :: 387 Ocha-Carillo v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 2048 Nuru v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1207 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 729, 796, 830, Ochave v. INS, 254 F.3d 859 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1018 832, 883 Ochieng v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 1110 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 298, 569, The Nut Club Ltd., 2008-PER-49 (June 12, 2008) :: 1632 679 Nwagbo v. Holder, 571 F.3d 508 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 338, 341 Ochoa v. Campbell, 266 F.Supp. 1237 (E.D. Wash. 2017) :: 536 Nwankwo v. Reno, 819 F.Supp. 1186 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 739 Ochoa v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 808, 827 Nwankwo v. Reno, 828 F.Supp. 171 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) :: 1942 Ochoa v. Holder, 604 F.3d 546 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1869 Nwaokolo v. INS, 314 F.3d 303 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 938, 2039, Ochoa; U.S. v., 861 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 295, 315, 349– 2089, 2093 50, 420, 423 Nwaorie v. CBP, 395 F.Supp.3d 821 (S.D. Tex. 2019) :: 431 Ochoa-Amaya v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 989 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1429 Nwene; U.S. v., 20 F.Supp.2d 716 (D.N.J. 1998) :: 403, 458 Ochoa-Carrillo v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 741, Nwogu v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 80 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2095 744 Nwokoma, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 899 (BIA 1994) :: 481, 1394 Ochoa-Carrillo v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 781 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1907, Nwolise v. INS, 4 F.3d 306 (4th Cir. 1993) :: 1867 1947 Nwozuzu, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 609 (BIA 2008), rev'd, Nwozuzu Ochoa-Oregel; U.S. v., 904 F.3d 682 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 245, 412, v. Holder, 726 F.3d 323 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 2284 1743 Nyaga v. Ashcroft, 323 F.3d 906 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 1436, 1953, O'Connor; U.S. v., 158 F.Supp.2d 697 (E.D. Va. 2001) :: 435, 2028 1593 Nyama v. Ashcroft, 357 F.3d 812 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 475, 663 O'Connor Hospital, 2011-PER-76 (Mar. 5, 2012) :: 1620, 1668 Nyari v. Napolitano, 562 F.3d 916 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 2302 O-D-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1079 (BIA 1998) :: 958, 978, 1050 N.Y.C.C. v. Barr, 930 F.3d 884 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1045 Oddo v. Reno, 17 F.Supp.2d 529 (E.D. Va. 1998) :: 1416–17, Nyirenda v. INS, 279 F.3d 620 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 68 2025 N.Y. Life Ins. Co., 2012-PER-3597 (Jan. 20, 2017) :: 1643 Odei v. DHS, 937 F.3d 1092 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 248, 251, 1983 Nyquist v. Mauclet, 432 U.S. 1 (1977) :: 41 Odhiambo v. Republic of Kenya, 764 F.3d 31 (D.C. Cir. 2014) :: NYSDOT, see New York State Dep't of Transp. 775 Nzeve v. Holder, 582 F.3d 678 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1046, 2093 Odongo v. Crossmark, Inc., 11 OCAHO no. 1236 (Nov. 21, 2014) :: 2257–58, 2268 O'Donovan-Conlin v. DOS, 255 F.Supp.2d 1075 (N.D. Cal. 2003) O :: 2282 O-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 193 (BIA 1948) :: 132 Oestereich v. Selective Serv. Sys. Local Bd. No. 11, 393 U.S. 233 O-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 301 (BIA 1951) :: 132, 135, 140 (1968) :: 1991 O-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 539 (BIA 1957) :: 288 O-F-A-S-, Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 35 (BIA 2020), vacating 27 I&N Dec. 709 (BIA 2019) :: 788, 886 TABLE OF CASES 2557

Offhong v. Holder, 864 F.Supp.2d 611 (S.D. Tex. 2012) :: 1910, Oliva-Muralles v. Ashcroft, 328 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 1999 1917, 1976 Oliva-Ramos v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 694 F.3d 259 (3d Cir. 2012) :: Office 36, Inc. v. Herman, No. CV 97-4200 SVW (C.D. Cal. Sept. 469, 480, 484, 490, 496, 501, 507, 618, 632, 699 10, 1997) :: 1714 Olivares, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 148 (BIA 2001) :: 325, 1816 Office Depot, 2011-PER-1278 (Sept. 10, 2012) :: 1630 Olivares v. INS, 685 F.2d 1174 (9th Cir. 1982) :: 1434 Office of Personnel Mgmt., see OPM Olivares-Pacheco; U.S. v., 633 F.3d 399 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 492 Ofisi v. BNP Paribas, S.A., 278 F.Supp.3d 84 (D.D.C. 2017) :: Olivares-Rangel; U.S. v., 324 F.Supp.2d 1218 (D.N.M. 2004) :: 2150, 2153 493 Oforji v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 609 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 938 Olivares-Rangel; U.S. v., 458 F.3d 1104 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 405, Ofosu v. McElroy, 98 F.3d 694 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 2036, 2089 490, 671 Ofosu v. McElroy, 933 F.Supp. 237 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 780 Olivas-Motta v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 129, Ogayonne v. Mukasey, 530 F.3d 514 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 664, 728 133, 568, 2099, 2118, 2121, 2125 Ogbolumani v. Napolitano, 557 F.3d 729 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 664, Olivas-Perea; U.S. v., 297 F.Supp.3d 1191 (D.N.M. 2017) :: 405 672, 1417, 1419, 1924, 1968 Oliver v. INS, 517 F.2d 426 (2d Cir. 1975) :: 573 Ogbolumani v. USCIS, 523 F.Supp.2d 864 (N.D. Ill. 2007) :: Oliver v. U.S., 466 U.S. 170 (1984) :: 500 1968, 1975 Oliver; U.S. v., 962 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 323 Ogbudimkpa v. Ashcroft, 342 F.3d 207 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 880, Olmos v. Holder, 780 F.3d 1313 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 529 1935, 1944 Olmos-Colaj v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 168 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 472, O'Georgia v. DOJ, 370 F.Supp.2d 657 (N.D. Ohio 2005) :: 537 1985, 2036 Ognibene, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 425 (BIA 1983) :: 1074, 1096, Olmsted v. Holder, 588 F.3d 556 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 323 1300 Oloteo v. INS, 643 F.2d 679 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 1495 Oguachuba v. INS, 706 F.2d 93 (2d Cir. 1983) :: 2173 Olowo v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 692 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 938 Oguejiofor v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 277 F.3d 1305 (11th Cir. 2002) :: Oloyede; U.S. v., 982 F.2d 133 (4th Cir. 1992) :: 429, 500 1727, 1958 Olquin, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 896 (BIA 2006) :: 133 Ogundipe v. DHS, 295 F.Supp.2d 513 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 738 Olsen v. Albright, 990 F.Supp. 31 (D.D.C. 1997) :: 1077 Ogundipe v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 257 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 1484 Olujoke v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 999, 1832 Ogunfuye v. Holder, 610 F.3d 303 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 596, 648, Oluyemi v. INS, 902 F.2d 1032 (1st Cir. 1990) :: 1742 668, 1958, 2303 Olveira v. Holder, 568 F.3d 275 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 592–93, 1452, Ogunrinu v. Law Resources, 13 OCAHO no. 1332 (Oct. 31, 2019) 1486 :: 2265 Olvera v. INS, 504 F.2d 1372 (5th Cir. 1974) :: 630 Ogunrinu v. Law Resources, 13 OCAHO no. 1332a (Dec. 9, Olvera-Morales v. Sterling Onions, Inc., 322 F.Supp.2d 211 2019) :: 2268 (N.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 2252 Ogunrinu v. Law Resources, 13 OCAHO no. 1332b (Dec. 12, Omagah v. Ashcroft, 288 F.3d 254 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 123, 141–43, 2019) :: 2265 1731, 2065 Oh v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 611 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1820 Omar v. Holder, 756 F.Supp.2d 887 (S.D. Ohio 2010) :: 2303, Ohio v. Kona, 71 N.E.3d 1023 (S.Ct Ohio 2016) :: 377, 383 2332, 2337 Ojeda-Calderon v. Holder, 726 F.3d 669 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 717–18 Omar v. INS, 298 F.3d 710 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 324, 2084 Ojeda-Escobar; U.S. v., 218 F.Supp.2d 839 (W.D. Tex. 2002) :: Omar v. Lynch, 814 F.3d 565 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1857 420 Omar v. McHugh, 646 F.3d 13 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 907 Ojeda-Terrazas v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 292 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 744– Omar v. Mueller, 501 F.Supp.2d 636 (D.N.J. 2007) :: 1930, 1952 46, 1989–90 Omar v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 647 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 643 Ojeil; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 984 (1998) :: 2224 Omar v. U.S., 552 F.Supp.2d 713 (M.D. Tenn. 2008) :: 1951, O-J-O-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 381 (BIA 1996) :: 231, 1771–72 2333 Ojo v. INS, 106 F.3d 680 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 1946 Omar Constr., 2005-INA-135 (Dec. 18, 2006) :: 1699 Ojo v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 533 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 1380, 2070 Omargharib v. Holder, 775 F.3d 192 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 331, 352 Okabe v. INS, 671 F.2d 863 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 123, 380 Omari v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 303 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 334, 342, 359 Okafor v. Gonzales, 456 F.3d 531 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 573, 2307 Omari v. Holder, 562 F.3d 314 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 1992, 1995, 2000 Okeke v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 585 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 1747–48, Ombongi v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 823 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1003 1783, 1967 Omega Contractor, Inc., 1988-INA-37 (1989) :: 1669 Okeke; U.S. v., 671 F.Supp.2d 744 (D. Md. 2009) :: 305, 2300 Omni Capital Int'l Ltd. v. Rudolf Wolff & Co., 484 U.S. 97 (1987) :: Okoh, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 864 (BIA 1994) :: 1829 2150 Okoro v. INS, 125 F.3d 920 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 139, 288 Omni Packaging v. INS, 930 F.Supp. 28 (D.P.R. 1996) :: 571 Okoroha v. INS, 715 F.2d 380 (8th Cir. 1983) :: 142, 700, 2047 Omni Packaging v. INS, 940 F.Supp. 42 (D.P.R. 1996) :: 2169, Okpa v. INS, 266 F.3d 313 (4th Cir. 2001) :: 230, 1985 2171, 2175 Okpala v. Whitaker, 908 F.3d 965 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 2329 Omni Packaging, Inc. v. INS, 733 F.Supp. 500 (D.P.R. 1990) :: Okpoko v. Heinauer, 796 F.Supp.2d 305 (D.R.I. 2011) :: 783, 1457, 2065 912, 1052, 1916 Omni Packaging, Inc. v. INS, 930 F.Supp. 28 (D.P.R. 1996) :: Okuda; U.S. v., 675 F.Supp. 1552 (D. Haw. 1987) :: 462 1289, 1527, 1793 Olabanji v. INS, 973 F.2d 1232 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 662, 675 Omolo v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 404 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 573 Olaguez-Garcia v. INS, 152 F.3d 1005 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 1944 Omondi v. Holder, 674 F.3d 793 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 470 Olajide v. ICE, 402 F.Supp.2d 688 (E.D. Va. 2005) :: 753, 755, Omorhienrhien v. Barr, 952 F.3d 906 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 1395 2028 Onabanjo; U.S. v., 351 F.3d 1064 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 2292, 2338 Olamide Olorunniyo Ore v. Clinton, 675 F.Supp.2d 217 (D. Mass. Ondina-Mendez v. Sugar Creek Packing Co., 9 OCAHO no. 1085 2009) :: 1282, 1284, 1286, 1853, 2005 (2002) :: 2260, 2262, 2266 Olaniyan v. District Director, 796 F.2d 373 (10th Cir. 1986) :: 1914 Onduso v. Sessions, 877 F.3d 1073 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 297 Olatunji v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 383 (4th Cir. 2004) :: 253, 549, One 48 Foot White Colored Sailboat Named Libertine; U.S. v., 59 1936, 2117, 2120 F.Supp.2d 362 (D.P.R. 1999) :: 433, 2172 O'Laughlin v. The Pritchard Corp., 972 F.Supp. 1352 (D. Kan. One 1976 Mercedes Benz 280S; U.S. v., 618 F.2d 453 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 2252 1980) :: 432 Olayan v. Holder, 833 F.Supp.2d 1052 (S.D. Ind. 2011) :: 2291 One 1982 Buick Regal; U.S. v., 670 F.Supp. 808 (N.D. Ill. 1987) :: Olde Towne Delicatessen, 2010-PER-51 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1623 431 Olisaemeka Eze v. West Cnty. Transp. Agency, 10 OCAHO no. One 1982 Chevrolet Crew-Cab Truck; U.S. v., 810 F.2d 178 (8th 1140 (Oct. 27, 2011) :: 2256 Cir. 1987) :: 427, 430 Oliva v. DOJ, 433 F.3d 229 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 483, 1764, 2116 One 1982 Ford Pick-Up; U.S. v., 873 F.2d 947 (6th Cir. 1989) :: Oliva v. Lynch, 807 F.3d 53 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 809, 815, 821, 827, 427 831, 1022 One 1982 Oldsmobile Cutlass; U.S. v., 709 F.Supp. 1542 (W.D. Oliva-Motta v. Holder, 746 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 127 Okla. 1989) :: 431 2558 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

One 1982 Toyota; U.S. v., 642 F.Supp. 335 (N.D. Ill. 1986) :: 427 Oracle America, Inc., 2012-PER-2194 (Sept. 7, 2016) :: 1637 One 1983 Homemade Vessel Named Barracuda; U.S. v., 625 Oracle America, Inc., 2015-PER-308, 432 (May 4, 2017) :: 1692, F.Supp. 893 (S.D. Fla. 1986) :: 431 1706 One 1983 Homemade Vessel Named Barracuda; U.S. v., 858 Orantes-Hernandez v. Gonzales, 504 F.Supp.2d 825 (C.D. Cal. F.2d 643 (11th Cir. 1988) :: 431 2007) :: 963, 1954, 2024 One 1984 Chevrolet Trans Star; U.S. v., 623 F.Supp. 625 (D. Orantes-Hernandez v. Holder, 713 F.Supp.2d 929 (C.D. Cal. Conn. 1985) :: 431 2010) :: 2169, 2172, 2174, 2177–78 One 1984 Chevrolet Truck; U.S. v., 682 F.Supp. 1221 (N.D. Ga. Orantes-Hernandez v. Meese, 685 F.Supp. 1488 (C.D. Cal. 1988) :: 431 1988), aff'd, 919 F.2d 549 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 47, 939–41, One 1984 Chevrolet Truck; U.S. v., 701 F.Supp. 213 (N.D. Ga. 945, 1916, 2034 1988) :: 427, 433, 2172 Orantes-Hernandez v. Smith, 541 F.Supp. 351 (C.D. Cal. 1982) :: One 1984 Ford Pickup Truck, No. CA 3-88-2291-R (N.D. Tex. 47, 940–41 Aug. 30; U.S. v., 1989) :: 431 Orantes-Hernandez v. Thornburgh, 919 F.2d 549 (9th Cir. 1990) One 1984 Ford Van; U.S. v., 826 F.2d 918 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 431 :: 271, 630, 647, 939, 1954, 2024 One 1984 Ford Van; U.S. v., 873 F.2d 1281 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 433, Ord, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 285 (RC 1982) :: 1170 2171 Ordaz, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 637 (BIA 2015) :: 1746 One 1985 Ford F-250 Pickup; U.S. v., 702 F.Supp. 1308 (E.D. Ordonez v. Educational Employment Enterprise, 1 OCAHO no. Mich. 1988) :: 430 293 (Feb. 1, 1991) :: 2275 One 1988 Chevrolet Cheyenne Half-Ton Pickup Truck; U.S. v., Ordonez v. INS, 137 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1772, 2056 357 F.Supp.2d 1321 (S.D. Ala. 2005) :: 432 Ordonez v. INS, 345 F.3d 777 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1472, 1720, One 1989 Mercedes Benz; U.S. v., 971 F.Supp. 124 (W.D.N.Y. 1861, 1889 1997) :: 431 Ordoñez; U.S. v., 328 F.Supp.3d 479 (D. Md. 2018) :: 413, 415 One 1990 Beechcraft; U.S. v., 1990 C Twin Engine, 619 F.3d Ordonez Orosco v. Napolitano, 598 F.3d 222 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 1275 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 432 1353 O'Neill v. Cook, 828 F.Supp.2d 731 (D. Del. 2011) :: 1904, 1906, Ordonez-Quino v. Holder, 760 F.3d 80 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 794, 799, 1962 803, 831, 845, 936, 1048 One Lear Jet Aircraft; U.S. v., 617 F.Supp. 769 (S.D. Fla. 1985) :: Ordonez-Tevalan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 837 F.3d 331 (3d Cir. 2016) 432 :: 2059, 2087, 2095 One Parcel of Real Property; U.S. v., 682 F.Supp. 694 (D.R.I. Oregon v. Trump, 406 F.Supp.3d 940 (D. Or. 2019) :: 56 1988) :: 432 Orehhova v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 636 Oneplace LLC, 2012-PER-1818 (Feb. 10, 2016) :: 1617 Orekoya v. Mooney, 330 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 620 One Single Family Residence; U.S. v., 13 F.3d 1493 (11th Cir. Orelien v. Gonzales, 467 F.3d 67 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044 1994) :: 433 Orellana v. Barr, 925 F.3d 145 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 800, 1040, 2045 Ong; U.S. v., 762 F.Supp.2d 1353 (N.D. Ga. 2010) :: 541 Orellana v. Nobles Cnty., 230 F.Supp.3d 934 (D. Minn. 2017) :: Ongaga; U.S. v., 820 F.3d 152 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 287, 434 533, 2129 Onikoyi v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1971 Orellana; U.S. v., 405 F.3d 360 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 442, 899 Onoja v. Arlington Cnty. Sheriff's Office, 13 OCAHO no. 1317 Orellana-Arias v. Sessions, 865 F.3d 476 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 833, (Mar. 15, 2019) :: 2260 1022 Onsongo v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 849 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 960, 986, Orellana-Blanco; U.S. v., 294 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 433, 1002 1413, 1420 Ontiveros-Lopez v. INS, 213 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 642, Orellana-Monson v. Holder, 685 F.3d 511 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 810, 2001 816, 825, 1007, 2074 Ontunez-Tursios v. Ashcroft, 303 F.3d 341 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 888 Orhorhaghe v. INS, 38 F.3d 488 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 485 Onwubiko v. U.S., 969 F.2d 1392 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 507 Oriakhi; U.S. v., 57 F.3d 1290 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 502 Onwumaegbu v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 405 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 227 Orichitch v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 595 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1471, 1719, Onyeme v. INS, 146 F.3d 227 (4th Cir. 1998) :: 1833 1737, 1860 Onyido, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 552 (BIA 1999) :: 336, 340 Orient Hotel Grp., Inc., 1995-INA-496 (July 22, 1997) :: 1677 Onyung & Law Offices of Yuen & Associates, P.C. v. Onyung, Orihuela; U.S. v., 320 F.3d 1302 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 310, 315 No. 01-10-00519-CV (C.A. 1st Dist. Tex. June 6, 2013) :: Orion Sys. Integrators, Inc., 2012-PER-2311 (Jan. 4, 2017) :: 1593 1690 Oouch v. DHS, 633 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 303 O'Riordan v. Barr, 925 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1114 O-P-, Matter of; ID#597153 (AAO Oct. 18, 2017) :: 1521 Orlando, City of, v. Florida, 751 F.Supp. 974 (M.D. Fla. 1990) :: Oparah, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 2000) :: 1832, 1865 55 Opati v. Republic of Sudan, 140 S.Ct. 1601 (2020) :: 2156, 2160 Orlov v. Howard, 523 F.Supp.2d 30 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 1930, 1951, Open America v. Watergate Special Prosecution Force, 547 F.2d 1964 605 (D.C. Cir. 1976) :: 600, 603 Ornelas v. Ruiz, 161 U.S. 502 (1896) :: 907 Open Evangelical Church, 2003-INA-225 (Sept. 7, 2004) :: 1691 Ornelas-Chavez v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Open Interface N. Am., Inc., 2007-PER-96 (June 4, 2008) :: 1625 801, 885–86, 967, 969 Openmobile World Wide, Inc., 2016-PER-291 (Sept. 5, 2019) :: Ornelas Inc., d/b/a La Carreta Mexican Restaurant, 2009-PER- 1683 246 (June 23, 2009) :: 1613–14 Opensoft, Inc., 2013-PER-867 (Aug. 22, 2017) :: 1637 Orocio; U.S. v., 645 F.3d 630 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 396 Opere v. INS, 267 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 1730 Oroh v. Holder, 561 F.3d 62 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043, 2048 Opferkuch, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 158 (BIA 1979) :: 1121 Orona-Ibarra; U.S. v., 831 F.3d 867 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 407 OPM v. Richmond, 496 U.S. 414 (1990) :: 1794 Oropeza-Wong v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 1135 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Opoka v. INS, 94 F.3d 392 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 1771, 1889, 2101 1396, 1402, 1966 Opoku-Agyeman v. Perez, 886 F.Supp.2d 1143 (W.D. Mo. 2012) Orozco v. INS, 911 F.2d 539 (11th Cir. 1990) :: 537, 1938 :: 627, 1453, 1603, 2025 Orozco; U.S. v., 191 F.3d 578 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 495, 502 Oppedisano, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 202 (BIA 2013), aff'd, Orozco-Acosta; U.S. v., 607 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 400 Oppedisano v. Holder, 769 F.3d 147 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 316, Orozco-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 60 F.Supp.2d 599 (W.D. Tex. 1999) :: 345–46 405 Orabi v. Chertoff, 562 F.Supp.2d 1377 (N.D. Ga. 2007) :: 1930, Orr v. Hawk, 156 F.3d 651 (6th Cir. 1998) :: 2079 1964, 1975 Ortega v. Bonnar, 415 F.Supp.3d 963 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 521, Orabi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 738 F.3d 535 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 381, 651, 530 2045 Ortega v. Holder, 592 F.3d 738 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 2107, 2290, Oracle America, Inc., 2011-PER-963 (Apr. 24, 2013) :: 1617, 2337 1637–38 Ortega v. Holder, 736 F.3d 637 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1778 Oracle America, Inc., 2011-PER-1391, et al (Feb. 6, 2013) :: 1637 Ortega v. Holder, 747 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 743 TABLE OF CASES 2559

Ortega v. ICE, 737 F.3d 435 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 538 Osorio-Martinez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 893 F.3d 153 (3d Cir. 2018) :: Ortega v. Rowe, 796 F.2d 765 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 260, 265, 2161 1933–34, 2102 Ortega v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 416 F.3d 1348 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 1437 Osorio-Moreno; U.S. v., 814 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 448, Ortega-Ascanio; U.S. v., 376 F.3d 879 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 384, 420, 452 597 Osses v. McElroy, 287 F.Supp.2d 199 (W.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 398, Ortega-Cabrera, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 793 (BIA 2005) :: 1761 1939 Ortega-Cervantes v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Osterloh, In re; 34 F.2d 223 (S.D. Tex. 1929) :: 726 533 Osuch v. INS, 970 F.2d 394 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 659 Ortega de Robles v. INS, 58 F.3d 1355 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1749 Osuji v. Holder, 657 F.3d 719 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1013 Ortega-Lopez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 99 (BIA 2013), vacated by O'Sullivan, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 320 (BIA 1963) :: 377 Ortega-Lopez v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 1015 (9th Cir. 2016) :: O'Sullivan v. USCIS, 372 F.Supp.2d 1097 (N.D. Ill. 2005), aff'd on 138 other grounds, 453 F.3d 809 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2084, 2303, Ortega-Lopez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 382 (BIA 2018) :: 122, 128, 2311 138, 1763 Osuna-Gutierrez v. Johnson, 838 F.3d 1030 (10th Cir. 2016) :: Ortega-Marroquin v. Holder, 640 F.3d 814 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1881 738 Ortega-Mendez v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 325 Osunsanya v. USCIS, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 9474 (Mass. Feb. Ortega-Mendoza; U.S. v., 981 F.Supp. 694 (D.D.C. 1997) :: 459 12, 2007) :: 1100 Ortega-Morales v. Lynch, 168 F.Supp.3d 1228 (D. Ariz. 2016) :: Otarola v. INS, 270 F.3d 1272 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 570, 1748, 1783, 1917, 1949, 2318, 2334 1794, 2100 Ortega-Rangel v. Sessions, 313 F.Supp.3d 993 (N.D. Cal. 2018) Othi v. Holder, 734 F.3d 259 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 76 :: 529 Otiende, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 127 (BIA 2013) :: 1416 Ortega-Rodriguez v. U.S., 507 U.S. 234 (1993) :: 2035 Ouda v. INS, 324 F.3d 445 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 784, 787, 791–92 Ortez-Cruz v. Barr, 951 F.3d 190 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 837 Ouk v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 108 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044, 1999 Ortiz v. Barr, 962 F.3d 1045 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 125, 129 Ouk v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 63 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044 Ortiz v. Cement Products, 708 N.W.2d 610 (Neb. 2005) :: 2251 Outdoor Amusement Bus. Ass'n, Inc. v. DHS, 334 F.Supp.3d Ortiz v. INS, 179 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 643, 1777, 2001 697, (D. Md. 2018) :: 1249–50, 1917 Ortiz v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 932 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 326 Ovalle v. Chertoff, 546 F.Supp.2d 333 (W.D. La. 2008) :: 1896 Ortiz v. Martinez, 789 F.3d 722 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 188 Ovalles v. Holder, 577 F.3d 288 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 1862, 1869, Ortiz v. Meissner, 179 F.3d 718 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 1915–16 2039 Ortiz; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 889 (Aug. 30, 1996) :: 466 Ovchinnikov v. Clark, 543 F.Supp.2d 1265 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: Ortiz v. Worker's Compensation Appeal Bd., 60 A.3d 209 (Pa. 943 Commw. Ct. 2013) :: 2251 Oveissi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 573 F.3d 835 (D.C. Cir. 2009) Ortiz-Alfaro v. Holder, 694 F.3d 955 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 745, 929, :: 2156 1901, 1989 Oveissi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 768 F.Supp.2d 16 (D.D.C. Ortiz-Araniba v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 801 2011) :: 2159 Ortiz-Bouchet v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 714 F.3d 1353 (11th Cir. 2013) :: Oveissi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 879 F.Supp.2d 44 (D.D.C. 73, 75, 159, 178–79, 182, 1473, 1477, 1493, 1496, 2097 2012) :: 2156 Ortiz-Cornejo v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 610 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1767 Oveniran v. Holder, 672 F.3d 800 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 724–25 Ortiz-Delgado; U.S. v., 451 F.3d 752 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 322, 446, Overdevest Nurseries, LP, 2015-TAE-8 (Feb. 18, 2016) :: 1231 453–54 Oversight v. DOJ, 292 F.Supp.3d 501 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 603 Ortiz-Estrada v. Holder, 757 F.3d 677 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 589 Oviawe v. INS, 853 F.2d 1428 (7th Cir. 1988) :: 391 Ortiz-Gutierrez; U.S. v., 36 F.3d 80 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 408 Owino v. Holder, 575 F.3d 956 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 971 Ortiz-Lopez; U.S. v., 24 F.3d 53 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 423 Owino v. Holder, 771 F.3d 527 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 588, 673, 676– Ortiz-Lopez; U.S. v., 385 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 416 77, 798 Ortiz-Magana v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 653 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 321, Owino v. Napolitano, 575 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 517, 762 342 Owusu-Boakye v. Barr, 376 F.Supp.3d 663 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: Ortiz-Mendez; U.S. v., 634 F.3d 837 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 1420 627, 1417 Ortiz-Mondragon; State v., 866 N.W.2d 717 (Wis. 2015) :: 387 Oxygene v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 541 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 882, 891 Ortiz-Puentes v. Holder, 662 F.3d 481 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 817, 826 Oyama v. California, 332 U.S. 633 (1948) :: 42 Ortiz-Salas v. INS, 992 F.2d 105 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 652, 1827, Oyebanji v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 260 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 319, 327, 1835, 2048 1904 Ortiz-Santiago v. Barr, 924 F.3d 956 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 555, 577, Oyedeji v. Ashcroft, 332 F.Supp.2d 747 (M.D. Pa. 2004) :: 547, 2114 754, 762 Ortiz-Villegos; U.S. v., 49 F.3d 1435 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 406 Oyekunle v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 715 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1041 Oryakhul v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 993 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 849–50 Oyeniran v. Holder, 672 F.3d 800 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 567, 1033, Osaghae v. INS, 942 F.2d 1160 (7th Cir. 1991) :: 948, 1848, 1037, 1886 2046–47 O.Y.P.C. v. J.C.P., 126 A.3d 349, 352 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Osagiede v. U.S., 543 F.3d 399 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 735 2015) :: 1555 Osakwe v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 977 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1413 Ozaltin v. Ozaltin, 708 F.3d 355 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 188 Oscar; U.S. v., 496 F.2d 492 (9th Cir. 1974) :: 407 Ozcan, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 301 (BIA 1975) :: 1739 Oscar-Torres; U.S. v., 507 F.3d 224 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 490 Ozcelik; U.S. v., 527 F.3d 88 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 428 Oseguera-Madrigal; U.S. v., 700 F.3d 1196 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 145, Ozdemir v. INS, 46 F.3d 6 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 1839 147, 226 O-Z- & I-Z-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 23 (BIA 1998) :: 786, 837, Osei v. INS, 305 F.3d 1205 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 644, 1859, 2055 1011, 1868 Oseiwusu, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 19 (BIA 1998) :: 252, 521 Ozkok, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 546 (BIA 1988) :: 10, 277, 373, O-S-G-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 56 (BIA 2006) :: 1857 392, 395, 565, 595 Oshodi v. Holder, 729 F.3d 883 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc) :: 470, 660, 941, 970 P Osiemi; U.S. v., 980 F.2d 344 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 434 Oslo Solutions LLC, 2015-PER-516 (Feb. 23, 2018) :: 1635 P-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 117 (BIA 1944) :: 137 Osman v. Mukasey, 553 F.Supp.2d 1252 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: P-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 373 (BIA 1951) :: 142 2168, 2170, 2177 P-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 610 (AG 1952) :: 1406, 1409 Osmani v. INS, 14 F.3d 13 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 748, 1827 P-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 400 (BIA 1954) :: 142 Osonowo v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 922 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 982, 1002 P-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 795 (BIA 1955) :: 141 Osorio v. INS, 18 F.3d 1017 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 931, 1013, 1827 P-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 167 (BIA 1958) :: 1366 Osorio v. INS, 99 F.3d 928 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 843, 980, 1841 P-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 424 (BIA 1959) :: 288 2560 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Pablo-Sanchez v. Holder, 600 F.3d 592 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 805, Palamarachouk v. Chertoff, 568 F.Supp.2d 460 (D. Del. 2008) :: 1045 1950 Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408 (2005) :: 1881 Palamaryuk ex rel. Palamaryuk v. Duke, 306 F.Supp.3d 1294 Pace Computer Solutions, Inc., 2017-PER-275 (Jan. 31, 2019) :: (W.D. Wash. 2018) :: 514 1661 Pa'lante LLC d/b/a Ola Miami, 2008-PER-209 (May 7, 2009) :: Pacheco v. INS, 546 F.2d 448 (1st Cir. 1976) :: 288 1617, 1668, 1674 Pacheco; U.S. v., 225 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 369, 456 Palavra v. INS, 287 F.3d 690 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 747, 2063–64 Pacheco-Alvarado; U.S. v., 782 F.3d 213 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 460 Palciauskas v. INS, 939 F.2d 963 (11th Cir. 1991) :: 724–25 Pacheco-Alvarez; U.S. v., 227 F.Supp.3d 863 (S.D. Ohio 2016) :: Palelei, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 716 (BIA 1979) :: 1382 493 Palencia v. Perez, 921 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 189 Pacheco-Medina; U.S. v., 212 F.3d 1162 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 403, Pallares-Galan; U.S. v., 359 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 304, 360, 407 413, 416, 420 Pacheco-Poo; U.S. v., 952 F.3d 950 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 540 Palma v. Alufase USA, LLC, 10 OCAHO no. 1213 (Mar. 27, 2014) Pacho's Mexican Grill, Inc., 2009-PER-428 (Apr. 15, 2010) :: :: 2212 1660, 1663, 1670 Palma v. NLRB, 723 F.3d 176 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 2245 Pacific Data Images, Inc., 2014-PER-225 (Feb. 23, 2018) :: 1629 Palma v. Verdeyen, 676 F.2d 100 (4th Cir. 1982) :: 258 Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 2017-PER-63 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1622 Palma-Martinez v. Lynch, 785 F.3d 1147 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 229, Pacific Lumber Supply, Inc., 2009-PER-208 (July 1, 2009) :: 1623 275, 1728, 1791, 1803 Pacific Lutheran Univ., 2012-PER-3173 (Apr. 24, 2017) :: 1703 Palma-Mazariegos v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2005) :: Pacific Molding, Inc., 2008-PER-42 (June 12, 2008) :: 1613 843, 964 Padash v. INS, 358 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2108 Palma-Mazariegos v. Keisler, 504 F.3d 144 (1st Cir. 2007) :: Padavan v. U.S., 82 F.3d 23 (2d Cir. 1996) :: 2034 1859, 1868 Padilla v. Ashcroft, 334 F.3d 921 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 153, 744, 1487 Palm Café Restaurant, 2012-PER-1446 (June 7, 2016) :: 1686 Padilla v. Barr, 938 F.3d 658 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 145 Palm City Palms & Tropicals, Inc., 2011-PER-231 (Dec. 19, 2013) Padilla v. Gonzales, 397 F.3d 1016 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 126, 142 :: 1650 Padilla v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 1209 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 377, 1869, Palmer v. INS, 4 F.3d 482 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 225 2005 Palmer v. NLRB, 723 F.3d 126 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 2245 Padilla v. ICE, 354 F.Supp.3d 1218 (W.D. Wash. 2018) :: 1919, Palmer v. Reddy, 622 F.2d 463 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 1374 1929, 2102 Palmer v. Trump Model Mgmt., LLC, 175 F.Supp.3d 103 Padilla v. ICE, 387 F.Supp.3d 1219 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: 246 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 1212, 2112 Padilla v. ICE, 953 F.3d 1134 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 244, 247, 256, Pal-Mil Enterprises, d/b/a McDonald's, 1989-INA-251 (Mar. 29, 259, 1955, 2104 1991) :: 1684 Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010) :: 371, 382–84, 387, Palmisano Contractors, LLC, 2019-TLN-32 (Feb. 27, 2019) :: 397, 467, 478, 1899, 2112 1246 Padilla; Rumsfeld v., see Rumsfeld v. Padilla Paloka v. Holder, 762 F.3d 191 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 809 Padilla v. Troxell, 850 F.3d 168 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 188 Palomino v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 942 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1766 Padilla-Agustin v. INS, 21 F.3d 970 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 47, 468, Palomino Garcia; U.S. v., 606 F.3d 1317 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 318, 1824 324, 399, 405, 453 Padilla-Caldera v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1237 (10th Cir. 2006) :: Palomino-Rivera; U.S. v., 258 F.3d 656 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 459 2078 Palos-Marquez; U.S. v., 591 F.3d 1272 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 494 Padilla-Caldera v. Holder, 637 F.3d 1140 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 168, Pan v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 60 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044 2077 Pan v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 80 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 987, 998 Padilla-Martinez v. Holder, 770 F.3d 825 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 475, Pan v. Holder, 777 F.3d 540 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 786, 800, 1010, 679–80, 1832, 1913 1039 Padilla-Padilla v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1739, Pan v. Whitaker, 351 F.Supp.3d 246 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1976 1746, 1813, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2116 Panas v. Reno, 114 F.Supp.2d 283 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) :: 44, 2018, Padilla-Ramirez v. Bible, 882 F.3d 826 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 745, 761 2027 Padilla-Reyes; U.S. v., 247 F.3d 1158 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 302 Panchevre v. DOJ, 922 F.2d 1229 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 1826 Padilla-Romero v. Holder, 611 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1744 Pancho Villa Rest. v. DOL, 796 F.2d 596 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 1664 Padmore v. Holder, 609 F.3d 62 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1780, 1838, Pandit v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1772 1897, 1903, 1967 Pang v. USCIS, 448 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 918, 977, 982, Padula v. INS, 537 F.Supp. 563 (D. Conn. 1982) :: 1916 993, 1845 Paek, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 403 (BIA 2014), aff'd, Paek v. U.S. Panganiban, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 581 (DAC 1970) :: 1181 Att'y Gen., 793 F.3d 330 (3d Cir. 2015) :: 228, 1393, 1405, Pangan-Sis, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 130 (BIA 2017) :: 170 2291 Pangemanan v. Holder, 569 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 Pafe v. Holder, 615 F.3d 967 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1883 Pangilinan; INS v., 486 U.S. 875 (1988) :: 570, 1794, 2326, 2330 Paga v. Chertoff, 488 F.3d 812 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 2003 Panjwani v. Ashcroft, 401 F.3d 626 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 2001 Pagan, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 547 (BIA 1999) :: 1376, 1447 Panola Land Buying Ass'n v. Clark, 844 F.2d 1506 (11th Cir. Pagayon v. Holder, 675 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 148, 292, 1988) :: 2167 365, 682, 691 Panoto v. Holder, 770 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 786 Pagnerre, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 688 (BIA 1971) :: 1375 Panrit v. INS, 19 F.3d 544 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 1843, 1845 Pai v. USCIS, 810 F.Supp.2d 102 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 2026 Panu v. Holder, 639 F.3d 1225 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 137 Paiva v. Curda, 162 F.Supp.3d 1056 (C.D. Cal. 2016) :: 2068, Panwar v. Access Therapies, Inc., 975 F.Supp.2d 948 (S.D. Ind. 2292 2015) :: 1187, 2152, 2248 Pak v. Reno, 196 F.3d 666 (6th Cir. 1999) :: 2071, 2121 Panzardi-Alvarez; U.S. v., 678 F.Supp. 353 (D.P.R. 1988) :: 726 Pakasi v. Holder, 577 F.3d 44 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 964 Papa v. U.S., 281 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2133, 2138–39, Paktorovics v. Murff, 260 F.2d 610 (2d Cir. 1958) :: 258 2148 Pal v. INS, 204 F.3d 935 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 472, 1840 Papageorgiou v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 356 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 1898, Palacios, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 434 (BIA 1998) :: 317, 320–21, 1933, 1959 362 Papaila v. Uniden America Corp., 51 F.3d 54 (5th Cir. 1995) :: Palacios v. DHS, 407 F.Supp.3d 691 (S.D. Tex. 2019) :: 782 1309 Palacios-Casquete; U.S. v., 55 F.3d 557 (11th Cir. 1995) :: 408 Papayzan, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 568 (BIA 1992) :: 372 Palacios-Martinez; U.S. v., 845 F.2d 89 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 410 Papazoglou v. Holder, 725 F.3d 790 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 74, 227, Palacios-Quinonez; U.S. v., 431 F.3d 471 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 310 229, 1477, 1904, 2070 Palaguachi; U.S. v., 187 F.Supp.3d 356 (E.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 323, Parada v. Anoka County, 332 F.Supp.3d 1229 (D. Minn. 2018) :: 450 533 TABLE OF CASES 2561

Parada v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 901 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 785, 803, Pastora v. Holder, 737 F.3d 902 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 692, 781, 1724 806, 837, 886, 890, 969, 1005, 1041, 2007 Pastor-Camarena v. Smith, 977 F.Supp. 1415 (W.D. Wash. 1997) Paradigm Infotech, 2007-INA-3 to -6 (June 15, 2007) :: 1688 :: 2004, 2009 Paradigm Infotech, Inc., 2007-INA-3 to -6 (June 15, 2007), 2008- Patel, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 666 (BIA 1976) :: 255, 511, 515, INA-92, 106 (June 12, 2008) :: 1683, 1689 942 Paradise Produce, Inc., 1990-INA-463 (Apr. 30, 1992) :: 1666 Patel, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 600 (BIA 1978) :: 1034, 1834, 2055 Paralyzed Veterans of Am. v. D.C. Arena L.P., 117 F.3d 579 Patel, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 414 (BIA 1980) :: 1379 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 1923 Patel, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 260 (BIA 1985), aff'd, Patel v. INS, Paramasamy v. Ashcroft, 295 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 730, 803 F.2d 804 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 712 926, 953, 975, 978, 990, 1018–19, 1843, 2051 Patel, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 394 (BIA 1986) :: 1739, 1829 Paramount Fin., d/b/a Avenir Mortgage Planners, 2015-PER-218 Patel, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 774 (BIA 1988) :: 689, 1405, 1418 (Nov. 30, 2016) :: 1676 Patel, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 368 (BIA 1991) :: 67–68 Parball Corp., 2016-PER-225 (Nov. 12, 2019) :: 1698 Patel v. Ashcroft, 294 F.3d 465 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 337 Parcham v. INS, 769 F.2d 1001 (4th Cir. 1985) :: 1732, 1742 Patel v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 693 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1403–4, 1412, Paredes-Urrestarazu v. INS, 36 F.3d 801 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 394, 1452, 1833, 1868, 1888 664, 1722, 1760, 1840 Patel v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 610 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1825, 1885, Paredez; State v., 101 P.3d 799 (N.M. 2004) :: 387 2039 Pareja v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 615 F.3d 180 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1765, Patel v. Ashcroft, 401 F.3d 400 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 323, 2083 1770–72, 2055, 2073, 2109 Patel v. Att'y Gen, 619 F.3d 230 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1738 Parga-Rosas; U.S. v., 238 F.3d 1209 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 406, 409 Patel v. Cissna, 400 F.Supp.3d 1373 (M.D. Ga. 2019) :: 1360 Parinejad v. ICE, 501 F.Supp.2d 280 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 2022 Patel v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 685 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 230, 1803 Paripovic v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 240 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 473, 666, Patel v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 1011 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 709, 1883 784 Patel v. Gonzales, 470 F.3d 216 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 1740, 1829, Paris Bakery Corp., 1988-INA-337 (1990) :: 1686 2036 Park, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 436 (1975) :: 1154 Patel v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 829 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 643 Park v. Barr, 946 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 1408 Patel v. Holder, 581 F.3d 631 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 644, 1046 Park v. California, 202 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 1937 Patel v. Holder, 652 F.3d 962 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 717 Park v. City of Atlanta, 120 F.3d 1157 (11th Cir. 1997) :: 2131 Patel v. Holder, 707 F.3d 77 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 140 Park v. Gonzales, 450 F.Supp.2d 1153 (D. Or. 2006) :: 1454–55 Patel v. Holder, 747 F.3d 493 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 565 Park v. Holder, 572 F.3d 619 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 110 Patel v. Johnson, 2 F.Supp.3d 108 (D. Mass. 2014) :: 1456–57, Park Ave. Mini Market, 2010-PER-826 (Feb. 21, 2012) :: 1611 1598, 1604–5, 2054, 2080 Parkell v. South Carolina, 687 F.Supp.2d 576 (D.S.C. 2009) :: Patel v. McElroy, 143 F.3d 56 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 1782 2255 Patel v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 800 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 346, 390 Parker v. ICE, 238 F.Supp.3d 89 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 605 Patel v. Napolitano, 706 F.3d 370 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 573, 2074 Parker v. ICE, 289 F.Supp.3d 32 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 605 Patel v. Quality Inn South, 846 F.2d 700 (11th Cir. 1988) :: 2248 Parkside Constr. Contractors, Inc., 2009-PER-16 (Jan. 9, 2009) :: Patel v. Reno, 134 F.3d 929 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1076, 1462, 1950, 1618–19, 1633 2014, 2024 Park Woodworking, Inc., 1990-INA-93 (Jan. 29, 1992) (en banc) :: Patel v. Rice, 403 F.Supp.2d 560 (N.D. Tex. 2005) :: 2334 1646 Patel v. Sessions, 868 F.3d 719 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 181, 662, 674, Parlak v. Holder, 578 F.3d 457 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 178, 180, 779, 973, 1396–97, 1832 893 Patel v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 334 F.3d 1259 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 1938 Parmelee; U.S. v., 42 F.3d 387 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 427 Patel v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 599 F.3d 295 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1441 Parodi, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 608 (BIA 1980) :: 391, 1803 Patel v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 619 F.3d 230 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1740 Parra v. Perryman, 172 F.3d 954 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 531 Patel v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 639 F.3d 649 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 715, 721 Parra-Rojas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 747 F.3d 164 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 172 Patel v. USCIS, 732 F.3d 633 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 2025 Parrilla v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 1038 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 305, 365 Patel v. Wolf, 427 F.Supp.3d 161 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 1976 Parsetek, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2013-LCA-10 (June 1, Pater Noster H.S., 1988-INA-131 (1988) :: 1626 2015) :: 1198 Path America KingCo LLC v. DHS, 426 F.Supp.3d 770 (W.D. Parsetek, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2013-LCA-10 (Sept. 1, Wash. 2019) :: 1568, 1579, 1590, 1852 2015) :: 1218 Pathmakanthan v. Holder, 612 F.3d 618 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 790, Partap v. Holder, 603 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1764 1046 Partible v. INS, 600 F.2d 1094 (5th Cir. 1979) :: 646, 939 Patino, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 74 (BIA 2001) :: 1820–21 Partyka v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 417 F.3d 408 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 132, Patino v. Chertoff, 595 F.Supp.2d 310 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 574, 135, 2085 1899, 1978 Parussimova v. Mukasey, 555 F.3d 734 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 828, Patni Americas, 2013-PER-3224 (May 10, 2016) :: 1666, 1674 831, 1021 Patout Equip. Co., 2015-TLC-63 (Aug. 17, 2015) :: 1231 Parvez v. Keisler, 506 F.3d 93 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1886 Patrick, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 726 (BIA 1988) :: 1376 Parzagonis v. INS, 747 F.2d 1389 (11th Cir. 1984) :: 1339, 1765 Patrol & Guard Enterprises, Inc.; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1040 Pasadena Typewriter & Adding Machine Co. v. DOL, No. 83-5516 (2000) :: 2260, 2262 AAH (C.D. Cal. Feb. 17, 1984) :: 1685 Pat's Pizza Ristorante, 1997-INA-396 (Feb. 24, 1998) :: 1705 Pascua v. Holder, 641 F.3d 316 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1749, 1751–52, Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 930, 932, 991, 1754, 2097 1037, 1874 Pascual v. Holder, 707 F.3d 403 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 596, 1958 Paul v. INS, 348 F.3d 43 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 2094 Pascual v. Holder, 723 F.3d 156 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 308, 310 Paulino v. Connery, 766 F.Supp. 209 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) :: 538, 739 Pascual v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 808, 843 Paulino-Duarte; U.S. v., 670 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 452 Pasem v. USCIS, No. 20-cv-344 (CRC), 2020 WL 2514749 Paulino-Jimenez v. INS, 279 F.Supp.2d 313 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) :: (D.D.C. May 15, 2020) :: 2040 1755 Pasha v. Gonzales, 433 F.3d 530 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1813, 2006 Paulo v. Holder, 669 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 725 Pasillas-Castanon; U.S. v., 525 F.3d 994 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 405, Paulus, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 274 (BIA 1965) :: 145, 147, 289– 462 90 Pasillas-Gaytan; U.S. v., 192 F.3d 864 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 2338 Paunescu v. INS, 76 F.Supp.2d 896 (N.D. Ill. 1999) :: 1436, 1475, P-A-S-, LLC, Matter of; ID# 513109 (AAO Dec. 21, 2017) :: 1579 1949, 1951, 1968, 1978, 1980, 2035 Pasquini v. Morris, 700 F.2d 658 (11th Cir. 1983) :: 1802, 1921, Pavan v. Smith, 137 S.Ct. 2075 (2017) :: 43, 2281 2015 Pavlov v. Holder, 697 F.3d 616 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 918 Passenger Cases (Smith v. Turner), 48 U.S. (7 How.) 283 (1849) Pavlova v. INS, 441 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 729, 802, 980, 993 :: 3, 37 Pavlovic, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 407 (BIA 1980) :: 1376 Passi v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 98 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 841–42, 967 2562 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Pavlovich v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 613 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 748, 1047 Pennsylvania Dep't of Public Welfare v. Davenport, 495 U.S. 552 Pavlyk v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 1082 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 806, 826 (1990) :: 2108 Pawlowska v. Holder, 623 F.3d 1138 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 596, 1741, Pensamiento v. McDonald, 315 F.Supp.3d 684 (D. Mass. 2018) :: 1971 516 Paxton v. INS, 745 F.Supp. 1261 (E.D. Mich. 1990), dismissed as Penuliar v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 603 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 325, 363, moot, 925 F.2d 1465 (6th Cir. 1991) :: 311, 541 683 Payeras v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 593 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 720, 783 Peon v. Thornburgh, 765 F.Supp. 155 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) :: 1940 Payless Shoesource, Inc. v. Avalon Funding Corp., 666 People v., see other party F.Supp.2d 356 (E.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2040 People's Mojahedin Org. of Iran v. DOS, 182 F.3d 17 (D.C. Cir. Payne-Barahona v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 482, 2000) :: 204 2020, 2022, 2026 People's Mojahedin Org. of Iran v. DOS, 613 F.3d 220 (D.C. Cir. Pazandeh, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 884 (BIA 1989) :: 1405 2010) :: 204 Pazcoguin v. Radcliffe, 292 F.3d 1209 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 148, Pepaj v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 725 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 643, 1905, 1448, 1460 1986 Paz-Martinez v. Securitas Security Servs. USA, Inc., 11 OCAHO Peppercorn, Inc. v. Ridge, No. 04-20667-Civ-Highsmith (S.D. Fla. no. 1260 (Sept. 4, 2015) :: 2258 May 10, 2005) :: 2056 Paz-Morales v. Lynch, 795 F.3d 238 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 814, 824 Pepperco-USA, Inc., 2015-TLC-15 (Feb. 23, 2015) :: 1230 P-B-B-, Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 43 (BIA 2020) :: 291–92, 307, 312 Peque; People v., 3 N.E.3d 617 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2013) :: 383 PB&J Grp. LLC, 2012-PER-491 (Jan. 30, 2015) :: 1650 Pequeno-Martinez v. Trominski, 281 F.Supp.2d 902 (S.D. Tex. PC Club, 1999-INA-189 (BALCA 1999) :: 1670 2003) :: 304, 375, 378, 1943 P-C-M-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 432 (BIA 1991) :: 517, 519 Perales v. Casillas, 903 F.2d 1043 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 2043, 2243 Pearl Meadows Mushroom Farm, Inc. v. Nelson, 723 F.Supp. 432 Perales v. Casillas, 950 F.2d 1066 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 2166, 2176– (N.D. Cal. 1989) :: 491, 499–501 77 Pearson, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 152 (BIA 1969) :: 1408 Perales v. Reno, 48 F.3d 1305 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 2027–28 Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223 (2009) :: 2162 Perales v. Thornburgh, 967 F.2d 798 (2d Cir. 1992), vacated and Pearson v. Rodriguez, 174 F.Supp.3d 210 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 2040 remanded sub nom. Reno v. Perales, 509 U.S. 917 (1993) Pechenkov v. Holder, 705 F.3d 444 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 878 :: 1794 Peck v. U.S., 470 F.Supp. 1003 (S.D.N.Y. 1979) :: 2131 Perales-Cumpean v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 977 (10th Cir. 2005) :: The Peddie Sch., 2012-PER-1042 (Apr. 1, 2015) :: 1629 1768, 1781, 1972 Pede v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 570 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 590, 593 Peralta v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 23 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1748, 1783, Pediatric Grp. of Acadiana, LLC, 2015-PER-309 (Oct. 9, 2019) :: 2122 1635, 1637 Peralta v. Holder, 567 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1869 Pedreros v. Keisler, 503 F.3d 162 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 592 Peralta-Cabrera v. Gonzales, 501 F.3d 837 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 714, Pedro-Mateo v. INS, 224 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 793, 827, 2033, 2039 835 Peralta-Espinoza; U.S. v., 413 F.Supp.2d 972 (E.D. Wis. 2006) :: Pedroza, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 312 (BIA 2010) :: 122, 1762 343 Pedroza-Padilla v. Gonzales, 486 F.3d 1362 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Peralta-Taveras v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 488 F.3d 580 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2123 288, 1745, 1804 Pedroza-Rocha; U.S. v., 933 F.3d 490 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 410–11 Peralt-Reyes; U.S. v., 131 F.3d 956 (11th Cir. 1997) :: 402 Pedrozo v. Clinton, 610 F.Supp.2d 730 (S.D. Tex. 2009) :: 1930, Perdiak, Petition of; 162 F.Supp.76 (S.D. Cal. 1958) :: 2299 1951, 2012, 2015, 2029 Perdomo v. Holder, 611 F.3d 662 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 818–19, 823, Pegasus Consulting Grp., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. 1019 05-86 (Apr. 28, 2009) :: 1213 Perdomo; U.S. v., 914 F.3d 356 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 327 Pegasus Family Restaurant, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1293 Perdomo-Padilla v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 964 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 573 (Dec. 22, 2016) :: 2217, 2228–30 Perdue v. Kenny A. ex rel. Winn, 559 U.S. 542 (2010) :: 2179 Pegasus Restaurant, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1143 (Jan. 5, Pereida v. Barr, 916 F.3d 1128 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 366, 692, 1724, 2012) :: 2226, 2229–30, 2233 1762 Peking Gourmet, 1988-INA-323 (1989) :: 1627 Pereira, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 169 (BIA 1984) :: 1791 Pelayo-Garcia v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 304 Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S.Ct. 2105 (2018) :: 274, 554, 576, 582, Pelich v. INS, 329 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 755 707, 722, 747, 1471, 1719, 1746, 2069 Pelinkovic v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 532 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 796 Perejoan-Palau v. USCIS, 685 F.Supp.2d 225 (D.P.R. 2010) :: Pellegrino v. U.S.A., 896 F.3d 204 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 2136 1436 Pembroke Pines, City of, v. ICE, 141 F.Supp.3d 1330 (S.D. Fla. Perera v. Holder, 750 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 472, 949 2015) :: 598, 1927 Pereyra-Gabino; U.S. v., 563 F.3d 322 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 429 Pena, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 613 (2015) :: 46, 76, 78, 1743 Perez, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 701 (DD 1968) :: 1181 Pena v. Bd. of Educ. of City of Atlanta, 620 F.Supp.293 (N.D. Ga. Perez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 689 (BIA 1999) :: 1744, 1747–49 1985) :: 1124 Perez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1325 (BIA 2000) :: 327 Pena v. Kissinger, 409 F.Supp. 1182 (S.D.N.Y. 1976) :: 2012 Perez v. Ashcroft, 236 F.Supp.2d 899 (N.D. Ill. 2002) :: 1547, Pena v. Lynch, 815 F.3d 452 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1906, 1984 1922, 2079 Pena; U.S. v., 952 F.3d 503 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 322 Perez v. Aviles, 188 F.Supp.3d 328 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 246 Pena-Beltre v. Holder, 622 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1402 Perez v. Barr, 927 F.3d 17 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1765 Pena-Cabanillas v. U.S., 394 F.2d 785 (9th Cir. 1968) :: 402 Perez v. Barr, 957 F.3d 958 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 646 Pena-Diaz, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 841 (BIA 1994) :: 1772, 1889 Perez v. Cuccinelli, 949 F.3d 865 (4th Cir. 2020) (en banc) :: Penaloza v. Drummond, 384 F.Supp.3d 1328 (N.D. Ala. 2019) :: 1552, 2080 2147 Perez v. Elwood, 294 F.3d 552 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 373, 478, 1753 Penalva v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 521 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 1904, 1957 Perez v. Greiner, 296 F.3d 123 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 1938, 2029, Peña Martínez v. Azar, 376 F.Supp.3d 191 (D.P.R. 2019) :: 39 2039, 2091 Pena-Mejia, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 546 (BIA 2019) :: 555, 577, Perez v. Holder, 740 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1858 582, 713, 722 Perez v. Holder, 761 F.3d 61 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 2045 Pena-Muriel v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 438 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 377, Perez v. INS, 72 F.3d 256 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 688, 1440 413, 473 Perez v. INS, 96 F.3d 390 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1771 Penn v. U.S., No. 85-CV-1439, 1987 WL 10833 (E.D.N.Y. May 4, Perez v. INS, 979 F.2d 299 (3d Cir. 1992) :: 739 1987) :: 2135 Perez v. Lappin, 672 F.Supp.2d 35 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 537 Penner, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 49 (Comm. 1982) :: 1286, 1291 Perez v. Loy, 356 F.Supp.2d 172 (D. Conn. 2005) :: 874, 885 Pennsylvania Dep't of Corr. v. Yeskey, 524 U.S. 206 (1998) :: Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Ass'n, 575 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 1199 2108 (2015) :: 1923, 2068 Perez v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 770 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 712 TABLE OF CASES 2563

Perez v. Perez, No. 14-cv-682 (N.D. Fla. Mar. 4, 2015) :: 1249 Perez Suriel de Batista v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2007) :: Perez v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 331 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 890, 892 223 Perez v. U.S., 502 F.Supp.2d 301 (N.D.N.Y. 2006) :: 383 Perez-Tino v. Barr, 937 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1033, 1873–74 Perez v. USCIS, 774 F.3d 960 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 1059, 1900, Perez-Valdera; U.S. v., 899 F.Supp. 181 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 712 1976 Perez Vargas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 829 (BIA 2005) :: 1599, Perez; U.S. v., 330 F.3d 97 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 419 1857 Perez; U.S. v., 443 F.3d 772 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 426, 429 Perez-Vargas v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 191 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 1599, Perez Alonzo v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 951 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 123 1846 Perez-Alvarez v. INS, 857 F.2d 23 (1st Cir. 1988) :: 962, 1014 Perez-Vasquez; U.S. v., 570 F.3d 692 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 388 Perez-Andrade, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 433 (BIA 1987) :: 1824 Perez-Zenteno v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 913 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir. 2019) Perez-Arceo v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 1178 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 172 :: 818, 844–45 Perez-Arellano v. Smith, 279 F.3d 791 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2167 Perfect Cut Tree Serv., Inc., 2009-PER-360 (Sept. 2, 2009) :: Perez Batres v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 157 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1998 1633 Perez-Contreras, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 615 (BIA 1992) :: 132, Perfect Settings, Inc., 2010-PER-47 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1642 134, 295 Perficient, Inc., 2013-PER-135 (Oct. 17, 2017) :: 1697 Perez Cruz v. Barr, 926 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 480, 487, Pergega v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 623 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 987, 994 490–92, 496, 499, 699 Perinpanathan v. INS, 310 F.3d 594 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 852 Perez-Enriquez v. Ashcroft, 411 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 278 Peri & Sons Farms, Inc. v. Acosta, 374 F.Supp.3d 63 (D.D.C. Perez-Enriquez v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2006) (en 2019) :: 1917 banc) :: 276, 1439, 2076, 2098 Peritus Inc., 2012-PER-1317 (Feb. 9, 2015) :: 1708 Perez-Frias; U.S. v., 636 F.3d 39 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 452 Perkovic v. INS, 33 F.3d 615 (6th Cir. 1994) :: 778, 1015, 1036, Perez-Fuentes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 506 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 663 1993, 2101 Perez-Funez v. District Director, 619 F.Supp. 656 (C.D. Cal. Perla-Tate, 1990-INA-175 (BALCA Dec. 4, 1992) :: 1541 1985) :: 940 Perla-Tate, 1990-INA-175 (Dec. 4, 1992) (en banc), aff'd on re- Perez-Garcia v. Lynch, 829 F.3d 937 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 745–46, consideration (Feb. 10, 1992) :: 1663 1981 Perlera-Escobar v. EOIR, 894 F.2d 1292 (11th Cir. 1990) :: 1016, Perez-Gonzalez v. Ashcroft, 379 F.3d 783 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 168, 1048 743, 1481, 1487, 1817, 1974, 2075, 2077–78 Perlera-Sola v. Holder, 699 F.3d 572 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 833, 1006 Perez-Gonzalez v. Holder, 667 F.3d 622 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 305, Perlman v. DOJ, 312 F.3d 100 (2d Cir.), reaff'd on remand, 380 355 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 615 Perez-Guerrero v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 717 F.3d 1224 (11th Cir. 2013) Perrault Landscape Contracting, LLC, 2007-PER-8 (Apr. 6, 2007) :: 798, 892, 908 :: 1622 Perez-Guzman v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 742, Perriello v. Napolitano, 579 F.3d 135 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1756, 2068, 2008, 2075 2303 Perez-Jimenez, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 309 (BIA 1963) :: 698 Perrier-Bilbao v. U.S., 346 F.Supp.3d 211 (D. Mass. 2018) :: Pérez-Jiménez, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 309 (BIA 1963) :: 698, 907 2304 Perez-Lastor v. INS, 208 F.3d 773 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 472, 696 Perrier-Bilbao v. U.S., 954 F.3d 413 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 2304 Perez-Martin v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 752 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1991 Perry v. Gonzales, 472 F.Supp.2d 623 (D.N.J. 2007) :: 2333 Perez-Mejia v. Holder, 663 F.3d 403 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 570, 629, Perry-Torres v. DOS, 404 F.Supp.2d 140 (D.D.C. 2005) :: 1085 649, 691 Persad v. Barr, 954 F.3d 136 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 376 Perez-Molina; U.S. v., 627 F.3d 1049 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 448 Persaud v. McElroy, 225 F.Supp.2d 420 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 324 Perez-Munoz v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 357 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 322 Pervaiz v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 488 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 708, 716, Perez-Nunez; U.S. v., 368 F.Supp.2d 1265 (D.N.M. 2005) :: 446 1883, 2060 Perez-Olalde; U.S. v., 328 F.3d 222 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 400 Pesikoff v. Secretary of Labor, 501 F.2d 757 (D.C. Cir. 1974) :: Perez-Olano v. Gonzales, 248 F.R.D. 248 (C.D. Cal. 2008) :: 1608, 1714 1554 Pesnell v. Arsenault, 490 F.3d 1158 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 2141 Perez-Oropeza v. INS, 56 F.3d 43 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 280 Peters v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 146, 293, 390 Perez-Palafox v. Holder, 744 F.3d 1138 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 871–73, Peters v. Barr, 954 F.3d 1238 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 1468, 2069 878 Peters v. U.S., 853 F.2d 692 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 506 Perez-Perez v. Hanberry, 781 F.2d 1477 (11th Cir. 1986) :: 272, Peters; U.S. v., 751 F.Supp.2d 404 (E.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 413–14, 646 416, 1821 Perez-Perez; U.S. v., 337 F.3d 990 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 462 Peter's Fine Greek Food, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2011-TNE- Perez-Perez; U.S. v., 512 F.3d 514 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 447, 453 2, 2012-PED-1, ARB No. 14-003-A (ARB Feb. 26, 2014) :: Perez Perez v. Wolf, 943 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1360, 1925, 1263 1965, 2043 Peter's Fine Greek Food, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2011-TNE- Perez Pimentel v. Mukasey, 530 F.3d 321 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 225, 2, 2012-PED-1, ARB No. 14-003-B (ARB Sept. 17, 2014) :: 2074, 2121 1269 Perez-Ponce; U.S. v., 62 F.3d 1120 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 418 Peterson, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 663 (BIA 1968) :: 1413–14 Perez Quintanilla, Matter of; A97-383-010 (AAO June 7, 2007) :: Peterson v. Neme, 222 Va. 477, 281 S.E.2d 869 (1981) :: 2253 1554–55 Petitioners Seeking Habeas Corpus Relief in Relation to Prior De- Perez-Rabanales v. Sessions, 881 F.3d 61 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 814, tention at Guantanamo Bay, In re; 700 F.Supp.2d 119 820, 824 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 553 Perez Ramirez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 203 (BIA 2010) :: 323, 398 Petition of/for, see name of party Perez-Ramirez v. Holder, 648 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 891, Petit Jean Poultry, 1994-INA-318, 372 (Aug. 15, 1996) :: 1662, 1030 1702 Perez-Ramirez v. Norwood, 322 F.Supp.3d 1169 (D. Kan. 2018) Petkiewytsch v. INS, 945 F.2d 871 (6th Cir. 1991) :: 211 :: 536 Petrobras America, Inc., 2015-PER-60 (Jan. 26, 2017) :: 1663 Perez-Rodriguez v. Barr, 951 F.3d 972 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 832 Petrossian, Inc., 1992-INA-41 (Sept. 1, 1993) :: 1669 Perez-Rodriguez v. DOJ, 888 F.Supp.2d 175 (D.D.C. 2012) :: Petrov v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 800 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 730 599, 605 Peugh v. U.S., 569 U.S. 530 (2013) :: 446 Perez-Rodriguez v. INS, 3 F.3d 1074 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 275, 1503, Peugnet, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 233 (BIA 1991) :: 581, 712 1791 Peyton v. Rowe, 391 U.S. 54 (1968) :: 1931 Perez-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 960 F.3d 748 (6th Cir. 2020) :: 449, P-F-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 661 (BIA 1993) :: 295 452–53 Pfeiffer v. Bachotet, 913 F.3d 1018 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 189 Perez-Sanchez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 935 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2019) P-H-, Matter of; ID# 324463 (AAO Apr. 26, 2017) :: 1523 :: 476, 555, 577, 828, 831, 1005, 1021, 1042, 1811, 1815, Phal v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 85 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 987, 998, 1015 1822, 1900, 2114 Phan v. Reno, 56 F.Supp.2d 1149 (W.D. Wash. 1999) :: 2003 2564 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Pharaoh's Gentleman's Club, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1189 Pimentel-Estrada v. Barr, No. C20-495 RSM-BAT, 2020 WL (July 18, 2013) :: 2217, 2230 2092430 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 28, 2020) :: 88 Phattey; U.S. v., 943 F.3d 1277 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 2326 Piminco, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2006-LCA-17 (Oct. 26, Phelps, 1988-INA-214 (1989) :: 1667 2006) :: 1218 Pheng v. Holder, 640 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 1018 Pina v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 5 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 2287 Philadelphia, City of, v. Sessions, 280 F.Supp.3d 579 (E.D. Pa. Pina-Galindo, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 423 (BIA 2014), aff'd, 803 2017), aff'd, 916 F.3d 276 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 55, 1919 F.3d 193 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 1762 Phillip Dutton Eventing, LLC, 2012-PER-497 (Nov. 24, 2014) :: Pina-Jaime; U.S. v., 332 F.3d 609 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 406 1623, 1638 Pineda, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 70 (BIA 1989) :: 1375 Phillip K. Rector Ph.D., Licensed Psychologist, 2009-PER-142 Pineda, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1017 (BIA 1997) :: 228 (Oct. 28, 2009) :: 1649 Pineda v. Whitaker, 908 F.3d 836 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1882 Phillip Maxwell & Julia Martelli, 1996-INA-291 (Dec. 30, 1998) :: Pineda-Doval; U.S. v., 614 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 426 1684 Pinellas Ass'n for Retarded Children, 2011-PER-2969 (Apr. 2, Phillippi v. CIA, 546 F.2d 1009 (D.C. Cir. 1976) :: 617 2014) :: 1648 Phillips v. ICE, 385 F.Supp.2d 296 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 614 Pinet v. USCIS, 556 F.Supp.2d 55 (D.N.H. 2008) :: 310, 2311 Phillips; U.S. v., 120 F.Supp.3d 263 (E.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 419 Ping Zheng v. Holder, 701 F.3d 237 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1877 Phillips; U.S. v., 543 F.3d 1197 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 434 Pinho v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 193 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 377, 379, 1915, Phillis, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 385 (BIA 1975) :: 1414 1918, 1924, 1970, 1973, 1976–77, 2005 Phinpathya; INS v., 464 U.S. 183 (1984) :: 5, 1781, 2106 Pinho v. INS, 249 F.3d 183 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 40, 482, 1783 Phoenix Integration, Inc., 2009-PER-476 (Mar. 2, 2010) :: 1642 Pinnacle Technical Resources, Inc., 2012-PER-130 (Jan. 21, Phoenix Life Ins. Co., 2010-PER-58 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1683 2016) :: 1638 Phommasoukha v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 1011 (8th Cir. 2005) :: Pino v. Landon, 349 U.S. 901 (1955) :: 375, 381 788, 836 Pinos Gonzalez v. Barr, 929 F.3d 595 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 715 Phong Thanh Nguyen v. Chertoff, 501 F.3d 107 (2d Cir. 2007) :: Pinos-Gonzalez v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 436 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1841, 391 1898 Phouk v. Warden, Stewart Detention Ctr., 378 F.Supp.3d 1209 Pinto v. Holder, 648 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1910 (M.D. Ga. 2019) :: 1945 Pinto-Montoya v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 126 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 486 Physicians, Inc., 1987-INA-716 (1988) :: 1694 Pinzon, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 189 (BIA 2013) :: 141, 143, 1736, Picca v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 75 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 597 1740, 1837 Piccinonna; U.S. v., 885 F.2d 1529 (11th Cir. 1989) :: 666 Pinzon, Matter of; 29 I&N Dec. 189 (BIA 2013) :: 1463 Pichardo, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 330 (BIA 1996) :: 128, 296, 681, Pioneers Memorial Healthcare Dist., 2013-PER-2743 (Dec. 23, 689, 691 2015) :: 1711 Pichardo v. INS, 104 F.3d 756 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 127, 367 Piper v. Crosland, 519 F.Supp. 962 (E.D.N.Y. 1981) :: 1916 Pichardo v. INS, 216 F.3d 1198 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 183 Piraino, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 508 (BIA 1967) :: 131 Pichardo-Martinez v. Ashcroft, 399 F.Supp.2d 1043 (D. Ariz. Piranej v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 641–42 2005) :: 2333 Pirco Dry Cleaning Inc., 2000-INA-175 (Aug. 8, 2001) (en banc) :: Pickard v. DOJ, 653 F.3d 782 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 618 1699 Pickering, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 621 (BIA 2003), rev'd on other Pirela Pirela; U.S. v., 809 F.3d 1195 (11th Cir. 2015) :: 436 grounds, Pickering v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 263 (6th Cir. Pirir-Boc v. Holder, 750 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 804, 810, 2006) :: 378–79, 689, 1963, 2098 817, 821, 827 Pickering Valley Contractors, Inc., 2010-PER-1146 (Aug. 23, Pisciotta v. Ashcroft, 311 F.Supp.2d 445 (D.N.J. 2004) :: 255, 2011) :: 1611 528, 530, 543, 549, 1957 Pieniazek v. Gonzales, 449 F.3d 792 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 487 Pita Pit Bakery, LLC; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1339 (Jan. 14, Pierce, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 456 (BIA 1980) :: 1410 2020) :: 2210–11 Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552 (1988) :: 2115, 2170–71, Pitcherskaia v. INS, 118 F.3d 641 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 797, 803, 2173, 2177–79 1020 Pierno v. INS, 397 F.2d 949 (2d Cir. 1968) :: 1411–12, 1444 Pittsburg ISD, 2013-PER-937 (Dec. 18, 2017) :: 1663 Pierre, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 1973) :: 67 Pixar, 2011-PER-637 (Mar. 29, 2012) :: 1634 Pierre v. Doll, 350 F.Supp.3d 327 (M.D. Pa. 2018) :: 253, 260, Pixar, 2016-PER-835 (July 17, 2017) :: 1615 517, 546 Pjetri v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 478 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1997 Pierre v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 109 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 776, 879, 882 PJM Bookkeeping & Tax Servs., 2002-INA-156 (Oct. 3, 2002) :: Pierre v. Holder, 588 F.3d 767 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 336, 340, 468, 1700 1848 P.K. v. Tillerson, 302 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2014 Pierre v. Holder, 738 F.3d 39 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 44, 1909, 1911, Plane CCA CUT 532, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 262 (BIA 1954) :: 464 2115, 2285 Plane CUT-604, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 701 (BIA 1957) :: 464 Pierre v. INS, 793 F.Supp. 440 (E.D.N.Y. 1992) :: 259 Plane N-6104-C, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 819 (BIA 1955) :: 464 Pierre v. INS, 932 F.2d 418 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 2000 Planes v. Holder, 652 F.3d 991 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 143, 381, 1732 Pierre v. McElroy, 200 F.Supp.2d 251 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 1950 Plant Process Fabricators, LLC., 2018-TLN-162,163 (Oct. 12, Pierre v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 528 F.3d 180 (3d Cir. 2008) (en banc) :: 2018) :: 1244 882–83, 885 Plascencia-De Haro v. Lynch, 169 F.Supp.3d 943 (N.D. Cal. Pierre v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 879 F.3d 1241 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 126, 2016) :: 1742, 1902, 1911 132, 298, 355, 476, 589, 2076 Plasencia-Ayala v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2008), over- Pierre-Paul v. Barr, 930 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 555, 577, 705, ruled on other grounds by Marmolejo-Campos v. Holder, 1957, 2114 558 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc) :: 122, 133, 135, Pierre-Paul v. Sessions, 293 F.Supp.3d 489 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 2059, 2075, 2079, 2087, 2095 2029 Platero-Cortez v. INS, 804 F.2d 1127 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1016 Pieschacon-Villegas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 671 F.3d 303 (3d Cir. Platero-Reymundo v. INS, 807 F.2d 865 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1742 2011) :: 885, 890 Platinum Builders of Central Florida, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. Pieterson v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1044 1199 (Aug. 20, 2013) :: 2189, 2228 Pike v. Johnson, 103 F.Supp.3d 1362 (N.D. Ga. 2015) :: 180 Plaza Express Car &b Limo Serv., 2007-INA-8 (Dec. 10, 2007) :: Pilch, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 627 (BIA 1996) :: 230, 1771 1683 Pilch v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 585 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1865, 1870 Plaza-Ramirez v. Sessions, 908 F.3d 282 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 832 Piledrivers Local Union No. 2375 v. Smith, 695 F.2d 390 (9th Cir. Pleasant Hill Manor, 2012-PER-992 (Jan. 13, 2016) :: 1650, 1707 1982) :: 1950 Pleitez-Lopez v. Barr, 935 F.3d 716 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 587 Pilica v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 941 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1001, 1973 Plewa v. INS, 77 F.Supp.2d 905 (N.D. Ill. 1999) :: 1730, 2296 Pillay v. INS, 45 F.3d 14 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 659 Pllumi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 642 F.3d 155 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1870 Pimentel v. Dreyfus, 670 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1511 P-L-P-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 887 (BIA 1997) :: 925, 929 TABLE OF CASES 2565

Plumhoff v. Rickard, 572 U.S. 765 (2014) :: 2161 Portillo-Rendon v. Holder, 662 F.3d 815 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1779, Plummer v. Ashcroft, 258 F.Supp.2d 43 (D. Conn. 2003) :: 330, 1904 1945 Portillo-Vega; U.S. v., 478 F.3d 1194 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 404, 407, Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982) :: 38, 41, 43, 468, 1124 409 PM Packaging, Inc. & PM Corporate Grp., Inc., d/b/a PM Packag- Portland Audubon Soc'y v. Endangered Species Comm., 984 ing; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1253 (June 26, 2015) :: 2236 F.2d 1534 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 2047 P-M-S-, Matter of; ID# 10522 (AAO Mar. 9, 2017) :: 1442, 1849 Portugues Do Atlantico Info. Bureau, Inc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. Poblete Mendoza v. Holder, 606 F.3d 1137 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 378, 194 (Comm. 1984) :: 1185 569 Posada Carriles; U.S. v., 541 F.3d 344 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 489, Podio v. INS, 153 F.3d 506 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 470, 661 2302, 2338–39 Podolski v. Baird, 94 F.Supp. 294 (E.D. Mich. 1950) :: 516 Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc., Inc. v. Secretary of Labor, 698 Podoprigora v. INS, 98 F.Supp.2d 75 (D. Mass. 2000) :: 688 F.Supp. 396 (D.P.R. 1988) :: 1672, 1714 Poeuv v. Smith, 169 F.Supp.3d 297 (D. Mass. 2016) :: 751 Potar v. Mukasey, 550 F.3d 594 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1968 Point Du Jour v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 960 F.3d 1348 (11th Cir. 2020) :: Potdar v. Holder, 585 F.3d 317 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 2170, 2172 640, 642 Potomac Home Health Care, 2015-TLN-47 (May 21, 2015) :: Pola v. U.S., 778 F.3d 525 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 2019 1247 Polanco, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 894 (BIA 1994) :: 381–82 Potris v. Secretary, DHS, 161 F.Supp.3d 534 (E.D. Mich. 2015) :: Polanco; U.S. v., 47 F.3d 516 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 458 2167 Polar; U.S. v., 369 F.3d 1248 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 436 Pottinger v. Reno, 51 F.Supp.2d 349 (E.D.N.Y. 1999), aff'd, 242 Polfliet v. Cuccinelli, 955 F.3d 377 (4th Cir. 2020) :: 1455, 1899, F.3d 367 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 693, 1942, 2112, 2121 1962 Pouhova v. Holder, 726 F.3d 1007 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 662, 674, Polizio v. Jenifer, 217 F.Supp.2d 811 (E.D. Mich. 2002) :: 1114 960, 967 Pollack v. Meese, 737 F.Supp. 663 (D.D.C. 1990) :: 2138 Poursina v. USCIS, 936 F.3d 868 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 718, 1539, Pollard; U.S. v., 326 F.3d 397 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 43, 502 1963, 1966 Pollgreen v. Morris, 770 F.2d 1536 (11th Cir. 1985) :: 2044 Poveda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 692 F.3d 1168 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 229, Pollgreen v. Morris, 911 F.2d 527 (11th Cir. 1990) :: 2174, 2178 1791 Polo Ralph Lauren Corp., 2012-PER-1568 (Nov. 4, 2015) :: 1625, Powell, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 81 (BIA 1995) :: 718, 722, 1472, 1707 1720 Polovchak v. Meese, 774 F.2d 731 (7th Cir. 1985) :: 45 Powell Electrical Mfg. Co., 2009-INA-2 (Dec. 17, 2009) :: 1646 Ponce; U.S. v., 896 F.3d 726 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 454 Powers v. Ohio, 499 U.S. 400 (1990) :: 2020 Ponce-Covarrubias; U.S. v., 227 F.Supp.2d 931 (W.D. Tenn. Pozo; People v., 746 P.2d 523 (Colo. 1987) :: 387 2002) :: 423 Pozzoli, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 569 (RC 1974) :: 1284 Ponce de Leon, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 154 (BIA 1996) :: 314, P-P-M-, Matter of; ID# 448433 (AAO Aug. 21, 2017) :: 1523 343 Prabhudial v. Holder, 780 F.3d 553 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 1996 Ponce-Gonzalez v. INS, 775 F.2d 1342 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 1795 Pradieu, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 419 (BIA 1986) :: 1414, 1453, Ponce-Hernandez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 784 (BIA 1999) :: 673, 2047 676, 703, 723 Prado v. Barr, 949 F.3d 438 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 378 Ponce-Leiva v. Ashcroft, 331 F.3d 369 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 590, 636 Prado v. Reno, 198 F.3d 286 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 1869, 1871, 1967, Ponce-Osorio v. Johnson, 824 F.3d 502 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1830, 1982, 1999 1901 Prado-Gonzalez v. INS, 75 F.3d 631 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 1843 Pondoc Hernaez v. INS, 244 F.3d 752 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1960 Prakash v. Holder, 579 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 323, 390 Poniman v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 1008 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1878 Pramatarov v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 764 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 989, 995 Ponnapula v. Ashcroft, 373 F.3d 480 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 77, 2117, Prapavat v. INS, 662 F.2d 561 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 1734 2120 Prasad v. Holder, 776 F.3d 222 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 1480 Ponta-Garca v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 341 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 746, Prasad v. INS, 47 F.3d 336 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 790 2086 Prasad v. INS, 101 F.3d 614 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 843 Ponta-Garcia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 557 F.3d 158 (3d Cir. 2009) :: Prasil v. Meissner, 941 F.Supp. 91 (N.D. Ill. 1996) :: 1114 473, 741, 744, 746, 2073 Prawira v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 661 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 685 Poole v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 259 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 570, 1793, PR Consultants Inc., 2007-INA-66 (Jan. 16, 2008) :: 1688 1819, 2006, 2284 Precetaj v. Holder, 649 F.3d 72 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 786, 841, 844, Poonjani v. Shanahan, 319 F.Supp.3d 644 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 1005 246, 254, 259, 261 Precetaj v. Sessions, 907 F.3d 453 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 1842, 1875 Pop v. INS, 270 F.3d 527 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 974, 982, 1841 Precision Programming, Inc., Matter of; EAC 92-202-51006 (AAU Pop v. INS, 279 F.3d 457 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 632, 636, 1007 Apr. 22, 1993) :: 1180 Popa v. Holder, 571 F.3d 890 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 577, 717 Precon Products, Ltd., 2002-INA-123 (May 20, 2003) :: 1699 Popal v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 249 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 319, 324, 1993, Preescolar San Juan Evangelista, 2013-PER-613 (June 2, 2017) 1996, 2009, 2011 :: 1664, 1695, 1697 Popaw; U.S. v., 821 F.2d 483 (8th Cir. 1987) :: 438 Preferred Equine Marketing, Inc., 2012-PER-3531 (July 11, 2019) Popescu-Mateffy v. Holder, 678 F.3d 612 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 147, :: 1639 150 Preferred Landscape & Lighting LLC, 2013-TLN-1 (Oct. 26, 2012) Popnikolovski v. DHS, 726 F.Supp.2d 953 (N.D. Ill. 2010) :: 2333 :: 1257 Popova v. INS, 273 F.3d 1251 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 832, 869, 1016, Prekaj v. INS, 384 F.3d 265 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 2086 1023, 1042 Prela v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 515 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 789, 883 Popsy Pop, LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2012-TNE-7 (Nov. 2, Prelude Sys., Inc., 2013-PER-2974 (Dec. 9, 2019) :: 1706 2012) :: 1264 Presbyterian Church (USA) v. U.S., 752 F.Supp. 1505 (D. Ariz. Populus Grp., 2010-PER-121 (Jan. 31, 2011) :: 1642 1990) :: 501, 2123 Poradisova v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 70 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 775, 800, Presbyterian Church (USA) v. U.S., 870 F.2d 518 (9th Cir. 1989) 1010, 1038, 1050, 1874 :: 1917, 2016, 2021, 2024, 2163 Pornes-Garcia; U.S. v., 171 F.3d 142 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 343, 455, Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, Inc., 582 F.3d 2110 244 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 2149 Porro v. Barnes, 624 F.3d 1322 (10th Cir. 2010) :: 2130 Presbyterian Med. Ctr. of Philadelphia, 1996-INA-61 (July 2, Port Arthur Indep. Sch. Dist., 2016-PER-579 (Sept. 5, 2019) :: 1997) :: 1692 1644, 1709 Prestige Gunite of S. Texas, Ltd., 2018-TLN-69 (Mar. 13, 2018) :: Porter v. Califano, 592 F.2d 770 (5th Cir. 1979) :: 2045 1243, 1246–47 Portillo v. Hott, 322 F.Supp.3d 698 (E.D. Va. 2018) :: 747, 762 Prestige Gunite of S. Texas, Ltd., 2018-TLN-76 (Mar. 27, 2018) :: Portillo-Gutierrez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 148 (BIA 2009) :: 1764 1246 Portillo-Munoz; U.S. v., 643 F.3d 437 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 442 2566 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Presto Absorbent Products, Inc., 2012-PER-775 (May 26, 2015) :: Puc-Ruiz v. Holder, 629 F.3d 771 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 485 1643–44, 1694 Puello v. BCIS, 511 F.3d 324 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 373, 381, 693, Prestol Espinal v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 653 F.3d 213 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1731, 2112, 2297 1863, 2070–71, 2109 Puente, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1006 (BIA 1999) :: 1816 Pretzantzin v. Holder, 736 F.3d 641 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 485, 490 Puente Arizona v. Arpaio, 76 F.Supp.3d 833 (D. Ariz. 2015), aff'd Prevezon Holdings, Ltd., No. 13-cv-6326 (WHP) (S.D.N.Y. Nov. on other grounds, 821 F.3d 1098 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 49, 51, 3; U.S. v., 2017) :: 257 2022 Price, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 953 (AAU 1994) :: 1522 Puerta; U.S. v., 982 F.2d 1297 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 2338 Price v. INS, 962 F.2d 836 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 2051, 2304 Puga v. Chertoff, 488 F.3d 812 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 644, 2001 Price v. Johnston, 334 U.S. 266 (1948) :: 1931 Pugh v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 290 Price v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 294 F.3d 82 F.Supp.2d 54 (D.D.C. 2003) :: 2153 (D.C. Cir. 2002) :: 2158 Pula, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 1987) :: 811, 866–67, 925– Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989) :: 2271 26, 931, 959, 973, 988, 1016–17, 1732 Prichard-Ciriza v. INS, 978 F.2d 219 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 645, 1749 Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456 U.S. 273 (1982) :: 1897–98, Prieto v. Gluch, 913 F.2d 1159 (6th Cir. 1990) :: 537, 1938, 2161 1903 Prieto-Romero v. Clark, 534 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 529–30, Punathil v. Heinauer, 876 F.Supp.2d 1294 (M.D. Fla. 2012) :: 547, 549, 754, 2062 1456, 1964 Prince Yeboah, 2000-INA-5 (Jan. 19, 2000) :: 1700 Punjab Restaurant II, Inc., 2011-PER-1848 (Feb. 25, 2015) :: Printz v. U.S., 521 U.S. 898 (1997) :: 56 1652, 1708, 1711 Prison Legal News v. DHS, 113 F.Supp.3d 1077 (W.D. Wash. Punu, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 224 (BIA 1998) :: 373, 381 2015) :: 599, 616, 2180 Punzalan v. Holder, 575 F.3d 107 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 643 Prithvi Info. Solutions, 2011-PER-1112 (Nov. 1, 2013) :: 1626, Pupek v. INS, 47 F.3d 899 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 1795 1629 Pupo-Tordecilla v. Sava, 704 F.Supp. 55 (S.D.N.Y. 1989) :: 1825 Privett v. Secretary, DHS, 865 F.3d 375 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 1328, Purba v. INS, 884 F.2d 516 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 700 1330, 2108 Purchasing Partners, Inc., 2012-PER-1663 (June 21, 2016) :: Proa-Tovar; U.S. v., 975 F.2d 592 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 418 1706 Probert v. INS, 750 F.Supp. 252 (E.D. Mich. 1990), aff'd on other Puri v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 1038 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1896, 1945 grounds, 954 F.2d 1253 (6th Cir. 1992) :: 541 Puri v. University of Ala., Birmingham Huntsville, 2008-LCA-8, Probodanu v. Sessions, 387 F.Supp.3d 1031 (C.D. Cal. 2019) :: 2008-LCA-43, ARB No. 10-004 (ARB Nov. 30, 2011) :: 167, 764 1212, 1218 Productivity Improvements, Inc., 1986-INA-671 (1988) :: 1667 Puri v. University of Ala., Birmingham Huntsville, 2012-LCA-10, Professional Staffing Servs. of Am., 2003-INA-46 (Apr. 12, 2004) ARB No. 13-022 (ARB Sept. 17, 2014) :: 1201 :: 1701 Purizhansky, In re; 42 A.D.3d 20 (4th Dep't N.Y. 2007) :: 655 Professional Staffing Servs. of Am., 2004-INA-7 (Mar. 7, 2005) :: Purveegiin v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 684 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 1813, 1692 2066 Professional Staffing Servs. of Am., 2007-INA-13 (June 5, 2008) Purwantono v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 822 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 887 :: 1691–92 Putro v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 578 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1397 Professional Staffing Servs. of Am., 2007-INA-14 (June 5, 2008) PV Bakery, Inc. d/b/a H&H Midtown Bagels East, 2009-PER-292 :: 1692 (Feb. 3, 2010) :: 1664 Proficient Bus. Sys., Inc., 2013-PER-3415 (Mar. 30, 2018) :: 1636 P-Y-K-, Matter of; ID#639671 (AAO Oct. 31, 2017) :: 230 The Programmers Guild, Inc. v. Value Consulting, 10 OCAHO no. 1135 (June 30, 2010) :: 2262 Q Prokopenko v. Ashcroft, 372 F.3d 941 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 982, 1013, 1921 Qadeer; U.S. v., 953 F.Supp. 1570 (S.D. Ga. 1997) :: 139 Prolifics, Inc. formerly, JYACC, Inc. d/b/a Prolifics, 2016-PER-546 Qaisi; U.S. v., 779 F.2d 346 (6th Cir. 1985) :: 434, 1413, 1420 (Feb. 27, 2019) :: 1612 Qais Ibrahim Alhameed v. Grand Traverse Resort & Casino, 10 Prologin Techs., Inc., 2012-PER-1058 (Feb. 2, 2016) :: 1647, OCAHO no. 1126 (Sept. 25, 2008) :: 2273 1708 Qassim v. Trump, 927 F.3d 522 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 553 Pronsivakulchai v. Gonzales, 461 F.3d 903 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 149, Q Data Consulting, Inc. v. INS, 293 F.Supp.2d 25 (D.D.C. 2003) :: 661, 851, 875, 878 1527–28, 2056, 2061 Pros, Inc. 2018-JSW-1 (Sept. 6, 2018) :: 1203 Qin v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 302 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 999 Prosoft Associates, Inc., 2011-PER-1209 (Aug. 3, 2012) :: 1661 Qing Hua Lin v. Holder, 736 F.3d 343 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 985 Prudencio v. Holder, 669 F.3d 472 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 127, 135, Qingyun Li v. Holder, 666 F.3d 147 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 1830 364, 684 Qin Wen Zheng v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 143 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 677, Pruidze v. Holder, 632 F.3d 234 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 1863, 2114 977 Prus v. Holder, 660 F.3d 144 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 332, 345 Qiu v. Chertoff, 486 F.Supp.2d 412 (D.N.J. 2007) :: 1930, 1952 Pryce v. INS, 568 F.2d 278 (2d Cir. 1978) :: 280 Qiu v. Holder, 611 F.3d 403 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 846, 965, 1010, Przhebelskaya v. USCIS, 338 F.Supp.2d 399 (E.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 1041 1436, 1475, 1949 Qiu Ping Li v. Holder, 612 F.3d 603 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1049 Przygocki, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 361 (BIA 1980) :: 1749 Qiu Yun Chen v. Holder, 715 F.3d 207 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 950, 965, P-S-H-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 329 (BIA 2014) :: 1054 1026, 1827, 1842 P. Sharma & Associates, PLLC, 2012-PER-1119 (Feb. 23, 2016) Qorane v. Barr, 919 F.3d 904 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 1045 :: 1623, 1637, 1641 Q-T-M-T-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 639 (BIA 1996) :: 872, 875, 879, PSI Family Servs., Inc., 2010-PER-97 (Apr. 16, 2010) :: 1628, 2113 1707 Quadrille Wallpapers & Fabrics, Inc., 2010-PER-68 (Dec. 15, P. Singh, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 598 (BIA 2019) :: 1416, 1418 2010) :: 1681 P.S. Restoration Sys., LLC, 2013-PER-334 (Jan. 26, 2018) :: Quaid v. Kerry, 161 F.Supp.3d 70 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 2320 1614–15 Quail Lodge Resort & Golf Club, 2013-PER-614 (May 17, 2017) :: Pszeniczny; U.S. v., 384 F.Sup.3d 353 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 419 1697 PT Thomas, Inc., 2012-PER-897 (Jan. 12, 2016) :: 1642, 1654– Qualcomm Atheros, Inc., 2015-PER-288 (May 30, 2019) :: 1650 55 Qualcomm, Inc., 2012-PER-3178 (Jan. 17, 2018) :: 1646 Public Citizen Inc. v. DOS, 100 F.Supp.2d 10 (D.D.C. 2000), aff'd Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., 2017-PER-242 (June 14, 2018) :: in part and rev'd in part on other grounds, 276 F.3d 634 1673 (D.C. Cir. 2002) :: 609, 617, 1923 Quality Inn Rainbow Bridge at the Falls, 1993-INA-7 (Apr. 6, Public Power Council v. Johnson, 674 F.2d 791 (9th Cir. 1982) :: 1994) :: 1698 2049 Quality Lawn & Landscape, 2007-INA-19 (BALCA June 4, 2008) Puciaty v. DOJ, 125 F.Supp.2d 1035 (D. Haw. 2000) :: 2301 :: 1691 TABLE OF CASES 2567

Quality Rebuilders Corp., 1993-INA-144 (June 28, 1994) :: 1638 R-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 444 (BIA 1954) :: 137 Quan v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 883 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 787, 947, 987, R-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 772 (BIA 1955) :: 139 997 R-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 621 (BIA 1992) :: 1016 Quantifi, Inc., 2010-PER-894 (May 12, 2011) :: 1708 R-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 621 (BIA 1992), remanded sub nom. Quao Lin Dong v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 638 F.3d 223 (3d Cir. 2011) :: Rana v. Moschorak, 37 F.3d 1506 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 806, 955 835, 850 Quarles v. U.S., 587 U.S. __, 139 S.Ct. 1872 (2019) :: 322, 451 R-A-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 906 (BIA 1999) (en banc) :: 812, Quaye; U.S. v., 57 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 460 1017 Quedraogo v. INS, 864 F.2d 376 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 389, 2086 R-A-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 629 (AG 2008) :: 1816, 2077 Quest Diagnostics, Inc., 2015-PWD-2 (Feb. 12, 2015) :: 1681 Rabang v. INS, 35 F.3d 1449 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 2279 Quevedo v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 39 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 843, 845 Rabbani, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 15 (DD 1966) :: 1181 Quezada v. Hendricks, 821 F.Supp.2d 702 (D.N.J. 2011) :: 761, Rabiu v. INS, 41 F.3d 879 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 477, 638, 640, 1725 2029 Rachak v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 734 F.3d 214 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 595–96, Quezada-Caraballo v. Lynch, 841 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1395 1748, 1957 Quezada-Luna v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 403 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 322, Racine v. INS, No. 94 C2548, 1995 WL 153319 (E.D. Ill. Feb. 27, 2027 1995) :: 1520 Qui v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 140 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 951, 953, 1039, Radiowala v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 930 F.3d 577 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 809, 2064 815, 825, 1029, 1044, 1778 Qui v. Chertoff, 486 F.Supp.2d 412 (D.N.J. 2007) :: 1449 Radkov v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 96 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1864 Qui v. Sessions, 870 F.3d 1200 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 1872, 1876 Raduga USA Corp. v. DOS, 440 F.Supp.2d 1140 (S.D. Cal. 2005) Quick Purchase Food, 2010-PER-427 (Apr. 6, 2011) :: 1636 :: 1457, 1949, 1953, 2015, 2024 Quickstuff, LLC, Its Member Maria Castillo, & A&C Staffing, LLC; Radzanower v. Touche Ross & Co., 426 U.S. 148 (1976) :: 2112– U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1265 (Nov. 20, 2015) :: 2210–11 13 Quijada-Aguilar v. Lynch, 799 F.3d 1303 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 318, R-A-F-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 778 (AG 2020) :: 882–83, 893, 326, 341, 873, 888 1035 Quijencio, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 95 (BIA 1974) :: 1501 Rafaelano v. Wilson, 471 F.3d 1091 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1902, 1904, Quilantan, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 285 (BIA 2010) :: 273, 278, 1910, 2044, 2049 741, 1463–64 Rafeedie v. INS, 795 F.Supp. 13 (D.D.C. 1992) :: 46, 211, 249, Quinchia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 552 F.3d 1255 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 274, 1365, 2125 227, 2078 Rafeedie v. INS, 880 F.2d 506 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 249, 274, 935, Quincy Sch. Community Council, 1988-INA-81 (1989) (en banc) :: 1365, 2008 1677 Raffay v. Western Digital, 10 OCAHO no. 1159 (Nov. 14, 2012) :: Quinn v. Robinson, 783 F.2d 776 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 907 2269 Quinn v. Stone, 978 F.2d 126 (3d Cir. 1992) :: 620 Raffington v. Cangemi, 399 F.3d 900 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 571, 883, Quiñonez-Perez v. Holder, 635 F.3d 342 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1047 1748, 1783, 1793 Quinonez-Terrazas; U.S. v., 86 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 458 Raffington v. INS, 340 F.3d 720 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 826, 2059, 2095 Quintana v. Holland, 255 F.2d 161 (3d Cir. 1958) :: 1494 Rafiq v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 36 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1011–12 Quintana; U.S. v., 623 F.3d 1237 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 492, 496, 507 Rafiq v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 165 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 885 Quintana-Garcia; U.S. v., 343 F.3d 1266 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 495 Rafiyev v. Mukasey, 536 F.3d 853 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 475, 631, Quintana-Quintana; U.S. v., 383 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 400 635–36, 798, 940, 959 Quintana-Torres; U.S. v., 235 F.3d 1197 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 409 Ragasa v. Holder, 752 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 352 Quintanilla v. Myriad RBM, Inc. ARB No. 15-39, ALJ No. 2014- Ragbir v. Homan, 923 F.3d 53 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 468, 566, 763, LCA-11 (ARB Apr. 30, 2015) :: 1203 765, 1896, 1933, 1981, 1983 Quintero-Cisneros v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 1197 (9th Cir. 2018) :: Ragbir v. Sessions, No. 18-cv-236 (KBF), 2018 WL 623557 303 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 763 Quintero-Junco; U.S. v., 754 F.3d 746 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 454 Raghunandan; U.S. v., 587 F.Supp. 423 (S.D.N.Y. 1984) :: 142 Quintero-Martinez, Matter of; No. A29-928-323 (AAU Aug. 4, Raghunathan v. Holder, 604 F.3d 371 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 848, 956, 1992) :: 1605 1857 Quinteros v. Holder, 707 F.3d 1006 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 826, 1006 Rahim v. McNary, 827 F.Supp. 224 (S.D.N.Y. 1993), aff'd, 24 Quinteros v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 945 F.3d 772 (3d Cir. 2019) (en F.3d 440 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 2015, 2028 banc) :: 324, 332, 342, 885, 887–88 Rahman, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 480 (BIA 1992) :: 584, 940 Quintero-Salazar v. Keisler, 506 F.3d 688 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 126, Rahman v. Chertoff, 530 F.3d 622 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 2105 137–38, 1817 Rahman v. Chertoff, 641 F.Supp.2d 349 (D. Del. 2009) :: 1605–6 Quinteros-Mendoza v. Holder, 556 F.3d 159 (4th Cir. 2009) :: Rahman v. INS, 429 U.S. 1084 (1977) :: 183 831, 1813, 2043 Rahman v. McElroy, 884 F.Supp. 782 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 1436, Quiros, No. 19-cr-76 (May 21; U.S. v., 2019) :: 1589 1953 Quitanilla v. Holder, 758 F.3d 570 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 1773 Rahman; U.S. v., 189 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 434 Quito v. Barr, 948 F.3d 83 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 331, 353 Rahmati, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 538 (BIA 1978) :: 1417 Qui Yun Chen v. Holder, 715 F.3d 207 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 677 Rainford, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 598 (BIA 1992) :: 46, 296, 1474, Quodient, Inc., 2013-PER-1364 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: 1694 1478, 1496, 1787–88 Quomsieh v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 602 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1013, Rainwater v. Doctor's Hospice of Georgia, Inc., 12 OCAHO No. 1047 1300 (Mar. 31, 2017) :: 2257, 2260 Qureshi v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 985 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2028 Rais v. Holder, 768 F.3d 453 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 1869, 1899, 2042 Qureshi v. Holder, 663 F.3d 778 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 1054, 1909, Raja v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 823 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 291 1919 Rajah, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 127 (BIA 2009) :: 564, 580, 588, Qureshi v. INS, 519 F.2d 1174 (5th Cir. 1975) :: 388 591, 593–94, 697, 1452, 1486, 1607, 2052, 2054 Qureshi v. USCIS, 661 F.Supp.2d 495 (M.D. Pa. 2008) :: 1976 Rajah v. Mukasey, 544 F.3d 427 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 480, 487, 497 Qyteza v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 224 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 992 Rajah v. Mukasey, 544 F.3d 449 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 592, 594, 596 Rajan v. International Bus. Solutions, Ltd., 2003-LCA-104 (ARB Aug. 31, 2004) :: 1201, 1217 R Rajaratnam v. Moyer, 832 F.Supp. 1219 (N.D. Ill. 1993) :: 1016 R-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 540 (BIA 1940) :: 138 Rajasekaran v. Hazuda, 806 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 626, R-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 50 (BIA 1944) :: 151 1456, 1603 R-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 192 (BIA 1950) :: 133 Rajasekaran v. Hazuda, 815 F.3d 1095 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1600, R-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 29 (AG 1952) :: 143 1963, 2065 RAJ & Co. v. USCIS, 85 F.Supp.3d 1241 (W.D. Wash. 2015) :: R-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 612 (BIA 1954) :: 619 1179, 1181–83, 1185, 2056 2568 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Rajeh v. Steel City Corp., 813 N.E.2d 697 (Ohio Ct. App. 2004) :: Ramirez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 910 F.Supp.2d 1155 (N.D. Iowa 2251 2012) :: 541 Rajigah v. Conway, 268 F.Supp.2d 159 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 752, Ramirez-Jimenez; U.S. v., 967 F.2d 1321 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 444 755 Ramirez-Juarez v. INS, 633 F.2d 174 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 1795 Rajiv S. Khanna, 2010-PER-140 (Feb. 14, 2011) :: 1685 Ramirez-Lopez; U.S. v., 315 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 430, 444 Rajpoot Mehfil, Inc., 2009-PER-320 (Aug. 18, 2010) :: 1675 Ramirez-Martinez; U.S. v., 273 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 427 Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128 (1978) :: 484, 499 Ramirez-Matias v. Holder, 778 F.3d 322 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1777 Raleigh Lanehart Electric Co., Inc., 2008-INA-7 (Oct. 28, 2008) :: Ramirez-Mejia v. Lynch, 794 F.3d 485 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 741–42, 1699 887, 1006, 1045 Ralph Basile Constr., 2009-PER-92 (Mar. 17, 2009) :: 1613 Ramirez-Molina v. Ziglar, 436 F.3d 508 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 741–42, R-A-M-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 657 (BIA 2012) :: 331, 871, 873, 1898, 1933, 1990 1821 Ramirez-Monroy; U.S. v., 544 F.Supp.2d 1319 (M.D. Fla. 2008) :: Ram v. INS, 243 F.3d 510 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 40, 482, 1747, 1783 495 Ram v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 1238 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 471, 645 Ramirez-Munoz v. Lynch, 816 F.3d 1226 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 826, Rama v. Holder, 607 F.3d 461 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1001 1878 Ramadan v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 646 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1898, Ramirez-Osorio v. INS, 745 F.2d 937 (5th Cir. 1984) :: 941, 2010 1903, 1906, 1933, 1935, 1987 Ramirez-Perez v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1764, Ramaj v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 520 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 686, 697, 1780, 1974 1000 Ramirez-Perez v. Barr, 934 F.3d 47 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 810, 814, Ramallo v. Reno, 931 F.Supp. 884 (D.D.C. 1996), vacated on ju- 824, 1042 risdictional grounds, 114 F.3d 1210 (D.C. Cir. 1997) :: 444, Ramirez-Peyro v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 637 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1837 1982 Ramirez-Peyro v. Holder, 574 F.3d 893 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 886 Ramani v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d 554 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1994, 1996 Ramirez-Rivas v. INS, 899 F.2d 864 (9th Cir. 1990), vacated on Ramat v. Nielsen, 317 F.Supp.3d 1111 (S.D. Cal. 2018) :: 1919, other grounds, 502 U.S. 1025 (1992) :: 947, 1015 1976 Ramirez-Rivero, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 135 (BIA 1981) :: 120, Ramchandani v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 590, 379 593, 1404, 1470, 1487, 1786, 1868 Ramirez-Salazar; U.S. v., 819 F.3d 256 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 408 Ramilo v. DOJ, 13 F.Supp.2d 1055 (D. Haw. 1998) :: 1418 Ramirez Sanchez v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1254 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Ramirez, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 503 (BIA 1980) :: 2048 1356 Ramirez, In re Subpoena of; 905 F.2d 97 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 2208 Ramirez-Somera, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 564 (BIA 1992) :: 1755 Ramirez v. Ashcroft, 361 F.Supp.2d 650 (S.D. Tex. 2005) :: 141, Ramirez-Valencia; U.S. v., 202 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 409 324 Ramirez-Vargas, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 599 (BIA 2008) :: 1745, Ramirez v. Brown, 852 F.3d 954 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 898, 2072 1817 Ramirez v. Dougherty, 23 F.Supp.3d 1322 (W.D. Wash. 2014) :: Ramirez-Villalpando v. Holder, 645 F.3d 1035 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 899 330, 382, 679, 684 Ramirez v. Holder, 609 F.3d 331 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 168, 2074 Ramirez-Zavala v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 872 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1782 Ramirez v. ICE, 338 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1918–19, Ramon v. Short, 460 P.3d 867 (Mont. 2020) :: 535 1925, 2016, 2032, 2044, 2103 Ramon Martinez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 571 (BIA 2011) :: 317, Ramirez v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 1127 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 325, 350 321 Ramirez v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 47 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 321 Ramon-Sepulveda v. INS, 743 F.2d 1307 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 1834, Ramirez v. Sessions, 887 F.3d 693 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 143 1886 Ramirez v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 764 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1046 Ramon-Sepulveda v. INS, 824 F.2d 749 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 567 Ramirez v. State, 333 P.3d 240 (N.M. 2014) :: 386 Ramon-Sepulveda v. INS, 863 F.2d 1458 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 2171, Ramirez v. U.S., 81 F.Supp.2d 532 (D.N.J. 2000) :: 46, 502, 2176, 2178 2137, 2163 Ramos, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 336 (BIA 2002) :: 320, 325, 1818, Ramirez v. U.S., 998 F.Supp. 425 (D.N.J. 1998) :: 2134, 2136, 1857 2140 Ramos, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 843 (BIA 2005) :: 656 Ramirez; U.S. v., 38 F.Supp.3d 818 (S.D. Tex. 2014) :: 399, 460, Ramos v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 948 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 660, 2093 749, 1988 Ramos v. Diaz, 179 F.Supp. 459 (S.D. Fla. 1959) :: 907 Ramirez; U.S. v., 495 F.Supp.2d 92 (D. Me. 2007) :: 2339 Ramos v. DOJ, 538 F.Supp.2d 4 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 659 Ramirez; U.S. v., 839 F.3d 437 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 494 Ramos v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 800 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 374, 394, Ramirez; U.S. v., 948 F.2d 66 (1st Cir. 1991) :: 460 475, 651, 700, 1898, 1933, 1936, 1959, 2093 Ramirez v. Webb, 719 F.Supp. 610 (W.D. Mich. 1989) :: 494, Ramos v. Haig, 716 F.2d 471 (7th Cir. 1983) :: 2173 496, 498, 2139 Ramos v. Holder, 660 F.3d 200 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 1728 Ramirez-Alejandre v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2003) (en Ramos v. INS, 246 F.3d 1264 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 921, 1730 banc) :: 471, 1827, 1838, 1861 Ramos v. INS, 695 F.2d 181 (5th Cir. 1983) :: 1771 Ramirez-Barajas v. Sessions, 877 F.3d 808 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 297 Ramos v. Nielsen, 336 F.Supp.3d 1075 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 904–5, Ramirez-Canales v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 904 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 907 168, 1727, 1792 Ramos v. Sessions, 293 F.Supp.3d 1021 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 547, Ramirez-Carcamo; U.S. v., 559 F.3d 384 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 401, 745 707 Ramos v. Thornburgh, 761 F.Supp. 1258 (W.D. La. 1991) :: 1939 Ramirez-Castro v. INS, 287 F.3d 1172 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 392 Ramos v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 709 F.3d 1066 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 146, Ramirez-Centeno v. Wallis, 957 F.Supp. 1267 (S.D. Fla. 1997) :: 312, 328, 331, 354, 356–57, 2085 1938 Ramos; U.S. v., 190 F.Supp.3d 992 (S.D. Cal. 2016) :: 504 Ramirez-Contreras v. Sessions, 858 F.3d 1298 (9th Cir. 2017) :: Ramos; U.S. v., 591 F.Supp.2d 93 (D. Mass. 2008) :: 495 123, 136, 2080 Ramos; U.S. v., 623 F.3d 672 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 401, 412, 418, Ramirez-Coria v. Holder, 761 F.3d 1158 (10th Cir. 2014) :: 668 422, 645, 724 Ramirez-Cortinas; U.S. v., 360 F.Supp.3d 559 (W.D. Tex. 2019), Ramos; U.S. v., 753 F.Supp. 75 (W.D.N.Y. 1990) :: 494, 501 rev'd on other grounds, 945 F.3d 286 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 338, Ramos-Barrientos v. Bland, 661 F.3d 587 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 2248 340, 415 Ramos Barrios v. Holder, 567 F.3d 451 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 805, Ramirez-Cortinas; U.S. v., 945 F.3d 286 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 415 826, 1774 Ramirez-Diaz; U.S. v., 359 F.Supp.3d 994 (D. Or. 2019) :: 415, Ramos-Bonilla v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 216 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 1777 417 Ramos-Braga v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 871 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1877, Ramirez-Gonzalez v. INS, 695 F.2d 1208 (9th Cir. 1983) :: 941 1881–82 Ramirez-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 755 F.3d 1267 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 387, Ramos-Cruz; U.S. v., 667 F.3d 487 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 442 454 Ramos-Godinez; U.S. v., 273 F.3d 820 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 407 TABLE OF CASES 2569

Ramos-Lopez v. Holder, 563 F.3d 855 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 805, 813, Ravikumar Gupta v. Jain Software Consulting, Inc., 2005-LCA-8 826, 2075 (ARB Mar. 30, 2007) :: 1201, 1217 Ramos-Lopez v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 1024 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1872, Ravindran v. INS, 976 F.2d 754 (1st Cir. 1992) :: 1999 2085 Ravitetali v. Fusion Global Solutions, 2015-LCA-1 (Mar. 29, 2016) Ramos-Madrigal v. Mendiola Forestry Serv. LLC, 799 F.Supp.2d :: 1197, 1200, 1210 958 (W.D. Ark. 2011) :: 2152 Ravix v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 42 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 Ramos-Medina; U.S. v., 706 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 361, 363– R-A-V-P-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 803 (BIA 2020) :: 515 64, 682 Ravulapalli v. Napolitano, 773 F.Supp.2d 41 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 40, Ramos-Olivieri v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 624 F.3d 622 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 1598, 1922, 1926, 2040, 2055 719 Ravulapalli v. Napolitano, 840 F.Supp.2d 200 (D.D.C. 2012) :: Ramos Perez v. Decker, 355 F.Supp.3d 185 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2029 1940 Ray v. DOJ, 770 F.Supp. 1544 (S.D. Fla. 1990) :: 603 Ramos-Portillo v. Barr, 919 F.3d 955 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 717–18 Ray v. DOJ, 778 F.Supp. 1212 (S.D. Fla. 1991) :: 615 Ramos-Quirarte; U.S. v., 935 F.2d 162 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 423 Ray v. DOJ, 852 F.Supp. 1558 (S.D. Fla. 1994) :: 617, 1086 Ramos-Ramirez; U.S. v., 128 F.Supp.3d 896 (D. Md. 2015) :: Ray v. DOJ, 856 F.Supp. 1576 (S.D. Fla. 1994), aff'd on other 412, 421 grounds, 87 F.3d 1250 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 2180 Ramos-Torres v. Holder, 637 F.3d 544 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 1743 Ray v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 582 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 631, 638, 642, Ramos-Vasquez v. INS, 57 F.3d 857 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 776, 951 1880, 1884 Ramsameachire v. Ashcroft, 357 F.3d 169 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 685, Ray v. Reno, 3 F.Supp.2d 1249 (D. Utah 1998) :: 1951 889, 932, 984–85, 1000, 1004 Ray v. Turner, 587 F.2d 1187 (D.C. Cir. 1978) :: 618 Ramsay v. INS, 14 F.3d 206 (4th Cir. 1994) :: 278, 725, 1464 Raya-Ledesma v. INS, 55 F.3d 418 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 40 Ramsey v. INS, 55 F.3d 580 (11th Cir. 1995) :: 322 Rayamajhi v. Whitaker, 912 F.3d 1241 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 198, 200 Ramsey v. Reilly, 613 F.Supp.2d 6 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 2012 Raya-Vaca; U.S. v., 771 F.3d 1195 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 245, 275, Ramsey; U.S. v., 431 U.S. 606 (1977) :: 501 414, 416, 420, 470, 480 Rana v. Holder, 654 F.3d 547 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 147, 226 Ray; DOS v., 502 U.S. 164 (1991) :: 612, 1085 Rana v. Moschorak, see R-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 621 Raygoza-Garcia; U.S. v., 902 F.3d 994 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 494 Ranchinskiy v. Barr, 422 F.Supp.3d 789 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 253 Raza v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 125 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1876 Ranchito Coletero, 2002-INA-105 (Jan. 8, 2004) :: 1606, 1688 Razkane v. Holder, 562 F.3d 1283 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 729, 1019 Rancho Palos Veredes, City of, v. Abrams, 544 U.S. 113 (2005) :: RBM Servs., Inc., 2018-TLN-169 (Oct. 10, 2018) :: 1243 2107 R & C Corp., 2011-PER-2448 (Sept. 4, 2014) :: 1613 Randall v. Meese, 854 F.2d 472 (D.C. Cir. 1988) :: 2027 R-C-C-S-D-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2016-04 (AAO Oct. 24, Randall v. Scott, 610 F.3d 701 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 2124 2016) :: 1311 Randhawa v. Ashcroft, 298 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 330 RCM Techs. v. DHS, 614 F.Supp.2d 39 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 1853, Randhawa v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 918 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1856, 1920, 2005, 2018 2059, 2095 RCM Techs., Inc., 2014-PER-260 (Jan. 15, 2016) :: 1616 Rangel, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 789 (BIA 1976) :: 1743 R-D-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 221 (BIA 2007) :: 73, 278, 578, 857 Rangel; U.S. v., 318 F.Supp.3d 1212 (E.D. Wash. 2018) :: 540 R-D-S-E-, Matter of; ID# 2360141 (AAO Mar. 12, 2019) :: 1537 Rangel De Aguilar; U.S. v., 308 F.3d 1134 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 738 Rea-Beltran; U.S. v., 457 F.3d 695 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 401, 403 Rangel-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 617 F.2d 529 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 735 Rebelo; U.S. v., 358 F.Supp.2d 400 (D.N.J. 2005) :: 2326 Rangel-Perez v. Lynch, 816 F.3d 591 (10th Cir. 2016) :: 302, 304 Rebelo; U.S. v., 646 F.Supp.2d 682 (D.N.J. 2009) :: 176, 178, Rangel-Portillo; U.S. v., 586 F.3d 376 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 492 1923, 2298, 2323–24 Rangel-Zuazo v. Holder, 678 F.3d 967 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 120, 380 Rebenko v. Holder, 693 F.3d 87 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 789, 1013 Ranglin v. Reno, 27 F.Supp.2d 262 (D. Mass. 1998) :: 2121 Rebilas v. Keisler, 506 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 356 Rankin Landscaping, Inc., 2007-INA-57 (Jan. 16, 2008) :: 1691 Rebilas v. Keisler, 527 F.3d 783 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 304 Raol, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 466 (BIA 1978) :: 1608 Recinas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 467 (BIA 2002) :: 1733, 1764, Raoof v. Sullivan, 315 F.Supp.3d 34 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1161, 1166 1770 Rapheal v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 521 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 701, 950, Recinos v. Escobar, 46 N.E.3d 60, 67 (Mass. 2016) :: 1555 954, 956 Recinos v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 566 F.3d 965 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 834 Rapid Framing Corp. 2019-TLN-118 (May 10, 2019) :: 1243 Recinos De Leon v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 821 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Raqueno, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 10 (BIA 1979) :: 1791 2088 Rarogal v. INS, 42 F.3d 570 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 650, 1759 Recinos De Leon v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 1185 (9th Cir. 2005) :: Rashad v. Mukasey, 554 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 2047 Rashiah v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 1126 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 889, 1822 Recio-Prado v. Gonzales, 456 F.3d 819 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 133 Rashid v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 438 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 314 Red Apple Child Dev. Ctr., 2009-PER-472 (June 29, 2010) :: Rashid v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 127 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 709, 1882 1637 Rashtabadi v. INS, 23 F.3d 1562 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 139, 1785, Red Bowl of Cary, LLC, Inc. d/b/a Red Bowl Asian Bistro; U.S. v., 2001, 2062 10 OCAHO no. 1206 (Oct. 18, 2013) :: 2225, 2231–32 Rasiah v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 847 The Red Coach Restaurant, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1200 Rasmussen v. Robinson, 163 F.2d 732 (3d Cir. 1947) :: 391 (Sept. 4, 2013) :: 2223, 2225, 2229–31, 2236 Rasool v. INS, 758 F.Supp. 188 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) :: 1022 Redd v. Mukasey, 535 F.3d 838 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1047 Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. 466 (2004) :: 42, 551, 1916, 1931, 1942, Red Diamond Enterprises, 2013-TLC-46 (Aug. 14, 2013) :: 1233 2015 Reddy v. DOL, 492 F.2d 538 (5th Cir. 1974) :: 1710 Rasul v. Myers, 512 F.3d 644 (D.C. Cir. 2008) :: 553, 2139 Reddy v. Mueller, 551 F.Supp.2d 952 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 2333 Rath v. Marcoski, 898 F.3d 1306 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 2180 Redeemed Christian Church of God v. USCIS, 107 F.Supp.3d Ratnam v. INS, 154 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 808 730 (S.D. Tex. 2015) :: 1548, 1852, 2025 Ratnam v. INS, 177 F.3d 742 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 2171 Redeemed Christian Church of God v. USCIS, 331 F.Supp.3d Ratnasingam v. Holder, 556 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 794, 848, 684 (S.D. Tex. 2018) :: 1545 1886 Redeemed Christian Church of God v. USCIS, 387 F.Supp.3d Ratnayake v. Mack, 499 F.2d 1207 (8th Cir. 1974) :: 1675 734 (S.D. Tex. 2016) :: 1545, 2025 Raufi v. Chertoff, 434 F.Supp.2d 813 (S.D. Cal. 2006) :: 2315 Redheads Bistro & Bar, 2008-PER-216 (Jan. 5, 2009) :: 1681 Raul-Chavez v. Turnage, No. C-80-405J (W.D. Wash. 1980) :: Red Hot & Blue, 2001-INA-31 (Feb. 7, 2002) :: 1678 259 Red Hot & Blue, 2011-PER-2257 (Sept. 4, 2014) :: 1613 Raulin, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 618 (RC 1970) :: 1293 Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367 (1969) :: 2115 Raval v. USCIS, 369 F.Supp.3d 205 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1456 Redmond v. Redmond, 724 F.3d 729 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 189 Ravancho v. INS, 658 F.2d 169 (3d Cir. 1981) :: 1772, 1889 R.E. Drywall Contracting, Inc., 2003-INA-223 (Aug. 18, 2004) :: 1656, 1695 2570 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Redyk Travel, Inc., 2011-PER-2738 (Aug. 8, 2013) :: 1643 Reno v. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm., see Ameri- Reed v. Dupont Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l Inc., 13 OCAHO no. 1321 can-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. v. Reno (June 27, 2019) :: 2258 Reno v. Catholic Social Servs., see Catholic Social Servs. Reed v. Dupont Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l, Inc., 13 OCAHO no. 1321a Reno v. Flores, See Flores v. Meese (Nov. 26, 2019) :: 2271 Reno v. Perales, see Perales v. Thornburgh Reed v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 845 F.Supp.2d 204 (D.D.C. Renteria-Gonzalez v. INS, 322 F.3d 804 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 378, 2012) :: 2156 391, 396, 674, 1960 Reed Elsevier, Inc., 2008-PER-201 (Apr. 13, 2009) :: 1202, 1681 Renteria-Ledesma v. Holder, 615 F.3d 903 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 168 Reeves v. Morschorak, No. CV 92-2937 (C.D. Cal. July 7, 1992) Renteria-Morales v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2008) :: :: 648 339–40, 345, 349, 359 Reeves v. Reno, 61 F.Supp.2d 661 (E.D. Mich. 1999) :: 2173 Repaka v. Beers, 993 F.Supp.2d 1214 (S.D. Cal. 2014) :: 1536 Regalado-Escobar v. Holder, 717 F.3d 724 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 794, Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press; DOJ v., 489 U.S. 805 749 (1989) :: 609, 612 Regalado-Garcia v. INS, 305 F.3d 784 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 1963 Republican Nat'l Comm. v. DOS, 235 F.Supp.3d 235 (D.D.C. Regal Recycling, Matter of; 329 NLRB 355 (Sept. 30, 1999) :: 2016) :: 605 2244 Republican Party of Minn. v. White, 536 U.S. 765 (2002) :: 2109 Reganit v. Secretary, DHS, 814 F.3d 1253 (11th Cir. 2016) :: Republic Nat'l Bank of Miami v. U.S., 506 U.S. 80 (1992) :: 432 1339, 2290 Republic of, see name of Republic Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. DHS, 279 F.Supp.3d 1011 (N.D. Repuyan, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 119 (BIA 1984) :: 1379 Cal. 2018) :: 1796 Requena-Rodriguez v. Pasquarell, 190 F.3d 299 (5th Cir. 1999) :: Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. DHS, 298 F.Supp.3d 1304 (N.D. 482 Cal. 2018) :: 1796 Resendez-Alcaraz v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 383 F.3d 1262 (11th Cir. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.; DHS v., 591 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 1891 2004) :: 39, 374–75, 394, 481 (2020) :: 1796, 1912, 1925, 1978, 1991, 2041, 2045, 2053, Resendiz, In re; 19 P.3d 1171 (Cal. 2001) :: 387 2118 Resendiz v. Kovensky, 416 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 382, 1945 Regents of the Univ. of Cal.; DHS v., 908 F.3d 476 (9th Cir. 2018) Resendiz-Guevara; U.S. v., 145 F.Supp.3d 1128 (M.D. Fla. 2015) :: 1796 :: 444, 540 Regional Ctr. of Victorville Dev., Inc., Matter of; CSC (AAO Dec. Resendiz-Ponce; U.S. v., 549 U.S. 102 (2007) :: 402 21, 2011) :: 1578 Residential Fin. Corp. v. USCIS, 839 F.Supp.2d 985 (S.D. Ohio Regis v. Holder, 769 F.3d 878 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 1331 2012) :: 1093, 1181–82, 1185, 1194, 1926, 1966, 1968, Rehaif v. U.S., 588 U.S. __, 139 S.Ct. 2191 (2019) :: 157, 441 2016, 2053 Rehman, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 124 (BIA 2017) :: 1447 Resource Logistics, Inc., 2013-PER-1267 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1674, Rehman v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 506 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 663 1694, 1696 Reichle v. Holder, 566 U.S. 658 (2012) :: 2162 Resource Mgmt. Serv., 2011-PER-2969 (Apr. 2, 2014) :: 1636 Reid v. Donelan, 2 F.Supp.3d 38 (D. Mass. 2014) :: 629 The Restaurant, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1195 (OCAHO Aug. Reid v. Donelan, 23 F.Supp.3d 84 (D. Mass. 2014) :: 1955, 2105 7, 2013) :: 2231 Reid v. Donelan, 64 F.Supp.3d 271 (D. Mass. 2014) :: 761, 2105 Restraint of Bowman Gaskins Fin. Grp., 345 F.Supp.2d 613 (E.D. Reid v. Donelan, 390 F.Supp.3d 201 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 260, 517, Va. 2004) :: 445 546 Restrepo v. Holder, 613 F.3d 962 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1903–4, 1986 Reid v. Donelan, 819 F.3d 486 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 2103, 2105 Restrepo v. Holder, 676 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 1731, 1779, Reid v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 510 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1747 2065 Reid v. Holmes, 323 F.3d 187 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 370, 1756 Restrepo v. McElroy, 369 F.3d 627 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 2010, 2084 Reid v. INS, 420 U.S. 619 (1975) :: 278, 1464, 1791 Restrepo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 617 F.3d 787 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 302–3, Reid v. INS, 766 F.2d 113 (3d Cir. 1985) :: 2101 480 Reid v. INS, 897 F.Supp. 798 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 2172 Restrepo; U.S. v., 999 F.2d 640 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 459 Reid v. INS, 949 F.2d 287 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 651, 1828, 1831 Retail, Wholesale & Dep't Store Union v. NLRB, 466 F.2d 380 Reid v. INS, No. 91 CIV. 6535 (WK), 1994 WL 132397 (S.D.N.Y. (D.C. Cir. 1972) :: 2118 Apr. 8, 1994) :: 1500 Retuta v. Holder, 591 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 284, 367, 375, Rei Feng Wang v. Lynch, 795 F.3d 283 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1876 382, 679–80 Reimer; U.S. v., 356 F.3d 456 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 2324 Reve; U.S. v., 241 F.Supp.2d 470 (D.N.J. 2003) :: 2326 Rein v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 162 F.3d 748 Reveles-Espinoza; U.S. v., 522 F.3d 1044 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 310, (2d Cir. 1998) :: 2160 356, 476, 576 Reina-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 468 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 322, Revelis v. Napolitano, 844 F.Supp.2d 915 (N.D. Ill. 2012) :: 2016, 325 2023, 2025, 2028 Reinforced Earth Co. v. W.C.A.B., 570 Pa. 464, 810 A.2d 99 (Pa. Revencu v. Sessions, 895 F.3d 396 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 794, 832 2002) :: 2251 Reverdes v. Reno, 95 F.Supp.2d 22 (D. Mass. 2000) :: 1983 Reiter Corp., 2000-INA-193 (BALCA 2000) :: 1667 Reyes, In re; 814 F.2d 168 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 2248 Reliance Global Servs., 2014-PER-18 (Feb. 28, 2018) :: 1636 Reyes, In re; No. B-94-80 (S.D. Tex. May 31, 1996) :: 541, 544 Relx, Inc. v. Baran, 397 F.Supp.3d 41 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1180, Reyes, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 406 (RC 1969) :: 1181 1182, 1890, 1918, 2027, 2053 Reyes, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 436 (BIA 1978) :: 1827 R.E.M. Constr., Inc., 2018-TLN-108 (Apr. 20, 2018) :: 1245 Reyes, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 512 (BIA 1980) :: 1376 Remileh v. INS, 101 F.3d 66 (8th Cir. 1996) :: 464 Reyes, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 789 (BIA 1994) :: 1731, 1735 Remileh; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 724 (Feb. 7, 1995) :: 465 Reyes, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 708 (AG 2019) :: 348 Remington Products, Inc., 1989-INA-173 (1991) :: 1676 Reyes, Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 52 (AG 2020) :: 330, 336, 576 Ren v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 446 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 2100 Reyes v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 592 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 643 Ren v. Holder, 648 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 950, 952–53, 957, Reyes v. Holder, 714 F.3d 731 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 1437 970–71, 973, 1996, 2064 Reyes v. INS, 910 F.2d 611 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 2308 Rendon v. Barr, 952 F.3d 963 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 69, 146 Reyes v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 148, 285, 374, Rendon v. Holder, 588 F.3d 669 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 471, 586, 660, 392 1780 Reyes v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 556 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 137, 2074 Rendon v. Holder, 764 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 341, 352 Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 818, 821, 881, Rendon v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 967 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 311, 2000 1048, 2075 Rendon v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 2020 WL 3969266 (11th Cir. July 14, Reyes v. Mayorkas, 65 F.Supp.3d 413 (E.D. Pa. 2014) :: 2290 2020) :: 1748 Reyes v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 184 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1861, 1864 Renkel v. U.S., 456 F.3d 640 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 776, 880 Reyes; U.S. v., 4 OCAHO no. 592 (1994) :: 2227 Ren-Mar Studios, 1990-INA-205 (Sept. 30, 1992) :: 1684 Reyes; U.S. v., 907 F.Supp.2d 1068 (N.D. Cal. 2012) :: 327, 421 Reyes; U.S. v., 945 F.2d 862 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 396 TABLE OF CASES 2571

Reyes v. Van Elk, Ltd, 56 Cal.Rptr.3d 68, 148 Cal. App.4th 604 Richardson, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 226 (BIA 2010) :: 342 (2007) :: 2246 Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389 (1971) :: 675, 2063 Reyes-Alcaraz v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 937 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 324, Richardson v. U.S., 558 F.3d 216 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 421 573 Richlin Security Servs. Co. v. Chertoff, 553 U.S. 571 (2008) :: Reyes-Alfonso; U.S. v., 653 F.3d 1137 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 323, 2178 454 Richmond, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 779 (BIA 2016) :: 183–85 Reyes-Bonilla; U.S. v., 671 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 416, 645, Richmond v. Holder, 714 F.3d 725 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 184 736, 1821 Richmond Automotive Repair, Inc., 2011-PER-2110 (July 21, Reyes-Bosque; U.S. v., 596 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 425 2015) :: 1623, 1647, 1661 Reyes-Castro; U.S. v., 13 F.3d 377 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 323 Richmond Printing LLC, 2007-PER-35 (June 12, 2007) :: 1632 Reyes-Ceja; U.S. v., 712 F.3d 1284 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 454 Ricketts v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 897 F.3d 491 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 574, Reyes-Contreras; U.S. v., 910 F.3d 169 (5th Cir. 2018) (en banc) 2335–36 :: 320 Ricketts v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 955 F.3d 348 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 2097 Reyes-Cornejo v. Holder, 734 F.3d 636 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 225–26 Ricky Catalano d/b/a Papa Joe's Pizza; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. Reyes-Gaona v. North Carolina Growers Ass'n, Inc., 250 F.3d 974 (1997) :: 2226 861 (4th Cir. 2001) :: 2252 Rico, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 181 (BIA 1977) :: 148 Reyes-Guerrero v. INS, 192 F.3d 1241 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 805, Rico v. INS, 262 F.Supp.2d 6 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 2302 1029, 1031 Rico-Sorio v. INS, 552 F.Supp. 965 (D. Or. 1982) :: 2169 Reyes-Melendez v. INS, 342 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 471, Rico-Soto; U.S. v., 690 F.3d 376 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 494 726, 1780, 1969 Ridore v. Holder, 696 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 888, 893–94, Reyes-Morales v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 937 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 130, 1837 136, 844 Riera-Riera v. Lynch, 841 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1113 Reyes-Morales v. Wells, 766 F.Supp.2d 1349 (S.D. Ga. 2011) :: Rife v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 606 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 856, 1740 749 Rijal v. USCIS, 772 F.Supp.2d 1339 (W.D. Wash. 2011), aff'd, Reyes-Palacios v. INS, 836 F.2d 1154 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 595, 646 683 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1520–22 Reyes-Reyes v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 782 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 886 Ri Kai Lin v. BCIS, 514 F.3d 251 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 896 Reyes-Romero; U.S. v., 327 F.Supp.3d 855 (W.D. Pa. 2018) :: Riley v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014) :: 483, 504–5 324, 411, 646 Riley v. California, 573 U.S.373 (2014) :: 504 Reyes-Romero; U.S. v., 959 F.3d 80 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 2180 Riley v. Greene, 149 F.Supp.2d 1256 (D. Colo. 2001) :: 755 Reyes-Sanchez v. Ashcroft, 261 F.Supp.2d 276 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) Riley v. INS, 310 F.3d 1253 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 643, 1881–82 :: 777, 874, 880, 1936, 1939, 2033, 2038 R.I.L-R v. Johnson, 80 F.Supp.3d 164 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 243, 246, Reyes-Sanchez v. Holder, 646 F.3d 493 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1766 516, 524, 529, 942, 1918, 1955, 2103, 2106 Reyes-Sanchez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 369 F.3d 1239 (11th Cir. Rimkus v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 750 F.Supp.2d 163 (D.D.C. 2004) :: 885, 888, 966 2010) :: 2156 Reyes-Soto v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 369 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 2297 Riney Farms AKA Billy Riney, Jr., 2017-TLC-5 (Nov. 23, 2016) :: Reyes-Torres v. Holder, 645 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 370–72, 1237 379, 1863 Ringgold v. Johnson, 40 F.Supp.3d 1331 (D. Haw. 2014) :: 1415 Reyes-Vargas v. Barr, 958 F.3d 1295 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 1862 Rioja v. Ashcroft, 317 F.3d 514 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 1824–25 Reyes-Vargas v. Lynch, 958 F.3d 1295 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 2068 R.I. Ortega, Matter of; 28 I&N Dec. 9 (BIA 2020) :: 1327, 1416, Reyes-Vasquez v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 903 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1767, 1454 1780, 1814, 1973 Rios v. Ashcroft, 287 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 807, 837, 842, Reyna v. Barr, 935 F.3d 630 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 139 869, 1006 Reyna-Espinosa; U.S. v., 117 F.3d 826 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 455 Rios v. Enterprise Assoc. Steamfitters Local 638, 860 F.2d 1168 Reyna ex rel. of J.F.G. v. Hott, 921 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2019) :: (2d Cir. 1988) :: 2251 527, 1934, 1965, 1967 Rios v. Jenkins, 390 F.Supp.3d 714 (W.D. Va. 2019) :: 2163 Reynolds v. McArthur, 27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 417, 434 (1829) (Marshall, Rios v. Lynch, 807 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 1005 C.J.) :: 2116 Rios v. Ziglar, 398 F.3d 1201 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 571, 1794, 1951 Reynoso v. Holder, 711 F.3d 199 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1395, 1397, Rios-Berrios v. INS, 776 F.2d 859 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 271, 595, 631, 1402, 1729 2041, 2066 Reynoso-Cisneros v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Rios-Berrios, 776 F.2d 859 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 639 1862 Rios-Carrillo, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 291 (BIA 1963) :: 567 Reynoso-Lopez v. Ashcroft, 369 F.3d 275 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1000, Rios-Favela, No. 96-50128 (9th Cir. June 25; U.S. v., 1997) :: 455 1740, 2038 Rios-Pineda; INS v., 471 U.S. 444 (1985) :: 1033, 1781, 1861, Rezai v. INS, 62 F.3d 1286 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 1786, 1868 1887, 2056–57 Rezaian v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 422 F.Supp.3d 164 (D.D.C. Rios-Valenzuela v. DHS, 506 F.3d 393 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 2337 2019) :: 2159 Rios-Villatoro; U.S. v., 14 OCAHO no. 1364 (June 19, 2020) :: Reza-Murillo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 296 (BIA 2010) :: 1744 2210 Reznik v. INS, 901 F.Supp. 188 (E.D. Pa. 1995) :: 2012 Ripof Associates, LLC d/b/a Ippolitos Cucina, 2012-PER-922 R- F- M-, Matter of; ID# 12602 (AAO Mar. 23, 2017) :: 1538 (Jan. 20, 2015) :: 1708 R.F.M. v. Nielsen, 365 F.Supp.3d 350 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1553, Risenhoover v. Washington Cnty. Comm. Servs., 545 F.Supp.2d 1918, 1925, 1961, 1967 885 (D. Minn. 2008) :: 2320 Rhee, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 607 (BIA 1978) :: 1546 Rishikof v. Mortada, 70 F.Supp.8 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 2155 Rhoa-Zamora v. INS, 971 F.2d 26 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 1843–44, Rita v. U.S., 551 U.S. 338 (2007) :: 446 2005, 2051 Rites LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2017-LCA-11 (Oct. 19, 2017) :: Rhoden v. U.S., 55 F.3d 428 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 2132, 2135 1177, 1200 Rhodes v. U.S., 574 F.2d 1179 (5th Cir. 1978) :: 2009 Ritonga v. Holder, 633 F.3d 971 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 1014 Rhodes-Bradford v. Keisler, 507 F.3d 77 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1830, Ritter; U.S. v., 540 F.2d 459 (10th Cir. 1976) :: 726 1902 Ritz Carlton, 1995-INA-265 (Jan. 29, 1997) :: 1619 Ribas v. Mukasey, 545 F.3d 922 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 918, 921 Riva, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 268 (BIA 1969) :: 183 Ribeiro v. INS, 531 F.2d 179 (3d Cir. 1976) :: 172, 280 Rivas, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 130 (BIA 2013), aff'd, Rivas v. U.S. Rice v. Holder, 597 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 148 Att'y Gen., 765 F.3d 1324 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 74, 229, 275, Richard, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 208 (BIA 1982) :: 1376 1727, 1758, 1791, 1803, 1831 Richard Dattner Architects; U.S. v., 972 F.Supp. 738 (S.D.N.Y. Rivas v. Napolitano, 714 F.3d 1108 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1462, 2014 1997) :: 1269, 1714, 2019, 2131 Rivas v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 537 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 804, 811, 826 Richards v. Ashcroft, 400 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 338 Rivas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 765 F.3d 1324,1329-30 (11th Cir. 2014) Richards v. Napolitano, 642 F.Supp.2d 118 (E.D.N.Y. 2009) :: :: 39, 1803 1444 Rivas-Duran v. Barr, 927 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 820, 824 2572 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Rivas-Martinez v. INS, 997 F.2d 1143 (5th Cir. 1993) :: 794, 1827 Riverwalk Educ. Found., Inc., 2012-PER-2882 (July 3, 2013) :: Rivas-Melendrez v. Napolitano, 689 F.3d 732 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1636 1902, 1934, 1937–38, 1942, 1981 Rivet Logic Corp., 2012-PER-1827 (Sept. 9, 2016) :: 1640 Rivas-Mira v. Holder, 556 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 972, 987, 998 Riya Chutney Manor LLC, 2010-PER-177 and 2010-PER-191 Rivas-Pena v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 947 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 893, (Apr. 7, 2010) :: 1642 1015, 1030, 2045 Rizal v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 84 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 993, 1012 Rivens, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 623 (BIA 2011) :: 77, 130, 144, Rizk v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1003, 1822 274 Rizo v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 688 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1830, 1910 Rivera, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 688 (BIA 1988) :: 585, 591, 1820 Rizvi v. DHS, 37 F.Supp.3d 870 (S.D. Tex. 2014) :: 1604, 1927, Rivera, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 232 (BIA 1996) :: 710 2000 Rivera, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 599 (BIA 1996) :: 640, 643, 722 Rizzio v. Kenney, 50 F.2d 418 (D. Conn. 1931) :: 132 Rivera v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 574, 2006, R-K-K-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 658 (BIA 2015) :: 983 2336 R.K.N. v. Holder, 701 F.3d 535 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 971 Rivera v. Brickman Grp. Ltd., No. 05-1518, 13 W&H Cas.2d R-K-T-, Matter of; ID# 673488 (AAO Feb. 15, 2018) :: 898 (BNA) 275, 2008 WL 81570 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 7, 2008) :: 1254, R.L. Inv. Ltd. Partners & Wanxuan Zou v. INS, 86 F.Supp.2d 2248, 2250 1014 (D.C. Hawaii 2000), aff'd, 273 F.3d 874 (9th Cir. 2001) Rivera v. Holder, 307 F.R.D. 539 (W.D. Wash. 2015) :: 519, 533 :: 1593, 1923 Rivera v. Lynch, 843 F.3d 864 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 826 R-M-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 392 (BIA 1957) :: 151 Rivera v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1740 RML Constr., Inc., 2012-PER-1774 (Aug. 31, 2016) :: 1629 Rivera v. NIBCO, Inc., 364 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2253 RMS Computer, 2010-PER-809 (June 16, 2011) :: 1709 Rivera v. Nibco, Inc., 364 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2251 RNL Facilities Corp., 2016-PER-295 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: 1616 Rivera v. Peri & Sons Farms, Inc., 735 F.3d 892 (9th Cir. 2013) :: R-O-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 455 (BIA 1992) :: 794, 947, 1022 1235, 1254 Robelo, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 84 (BIA 1968) :: 1765 Rivera v. Peri & Sons Farms, Inc., 805 F.Supp.2d 1042 (D. Nev. Robelo; U.S. v., 358 F.Supp.2d 400 (D.N.J. 2005) :: 132, 2326 2011) :: 2249 Robert Bosch LLC, 2012-PER-1739 (Aug. 25, 2016) :: 1617 Rivera v. Peri & Sons Farms, Inc., No. 3:11-cv-00118-RCJ-VPC Robert L. Lippert Theatres, 1988-INA-433 (1990) (en banc) :: (D. Nev. Dec. 15, 2015) :: 1235 1672 Rivera v. Sessions, 903 F.3d 147 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1778 Robert Martinez v. The Regents of the Univ. of Cal., 241 P.3d Rivera v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 487 F.3d 815 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 808, 855 (Cal. 2010) :: 1125 831, 834, 1048 Roberto's Mexican Food, Inc., 2009-PER-62 (Mar. 31, 2010) :: Rivera v. USCIS, 5 F.Supp.3d 439 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 2291, 2298 1663 Rivera; U.S. v., 516 F.3d 500 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 457 Roberto's Mexican Food, Inc., 2009-PER-187 (May 8, 2009) :: Rivera; U.S. v., 859 F.2d 1204 (4th Cir. 1988) :: 426, 444 1649, 1678 Rivera; U.S. v., 879 F.2d 1247 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 426 Roberto's Mexican Food, Inc., 2009-PER-206 (Mar. 31, 2010) :: Rivera; U.S. v., 942 F.Supp. 247 (E.D. Vt. 1996) :: 454 1670 Rivera-Barrientos v. Holder, 666 F.3d 641 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 810, Roberto's Taco Shop, 2001-INA-142 (Feb. 15, 2002) :: 1678 818, 827–28 Roberts, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 294 (BIA 1991) :: 1759–60 Rivera-Claros, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 599 (BIA 1996) :: 716 Roberts v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1864, 1870, Rivera-Coca v. Lynch, 844 F.3d 374 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 953 1999 Rivera-Cruz v. INS, 948 F.2d 962 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 1848 Roberts v. Holder, 745 F.3d 928 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 74, 227, 321, Rivera-Cruz, 948 F.2d 962 (5th Cir. 1991) :: 1848 1477, 2075 Rivera-Cuartas v. Holder, 605 F.3d 699 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 304, Roberts v. Napolitano, 792 F.Supp.2d 67 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 239, 2097 2043 Rivera de Gomez v. Kissinger, 534 F.2d 518 (2d Cir. 1976) :: Robertson v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 957 F.Supp. 1035 (N.D. Ill. 1997) :: 2012 1394, 1953 Rivera-Durmaz v. Chertoff, 456 F.Supp.2d 943 (N.D. Ill. 2006) :: Robertson-Dewar v. Holder, 646 F.3d 226 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 571– 1975 72, 2289, 2302, 2326 Rivera-Guerrero v. Barr, 926 F.3d 1050 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1878 Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F.Supp.2d 772 (W.D. Tex. Rivera-Jimenez v. INS, 214 F.3d 1213 (10th Cir. 2000) :: 1746, 2009) :: 2337 1782 Robert Venuti Landscaping, Inc., 2009-PER-453 (Oct. 27, 2010) Rivera Lopez; U.S. v., 355 F.Supp.3d 428 (E.D. Va. 2018) :: 412 :: 1618, 1633–34 Rivera-Martinez v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 207 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 574, Robinson v. Bowen, 567 F.Supp.2d 1144 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 2018 2094, 2336 Robinson v. Day, 51 F.2d 1022 (2d Cir. 1931) :: 138 Rivera-Mendoza; U.S. v., 682 F.3d 730 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 407 Robinson v. Napolitano, 554 F.3d 358 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 1448 Rivera-Nevarez; U.S. v., 418 F.3d 1104 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 414, Robinson v. Shell Oil Co., 519 U.S. 337 (1997) :: 2069 2118 Robinson v. U.S., 332 F.Supp.3d 516 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 2137 Rivera-Peraza v. Holder, 684 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 226 Robinson; U.S. v., 967 F.2d 287 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 325 Rivera-Relle; U.S. v., 333 F.3d 914 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 403 Robison Fruit Ranch, Inc. v. U.S., 147 F.3d 798 (9th Cir. 1998) :: Rivera-Rioseco, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 833 (BIA 1988) :: 1058, 2071, 2084, 2190, 2272 1743 Robledo v. Chertoff, 658 F.Supp.2d 688 (D. Md. 2009) :: 1913, Rivera-Sanchez v. Reno, 198 F.3d 545 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 337 1968, 1977, 1980 Rivera-Sanchez; U.S. v., 222 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 400 Robledo-Gonzales v. Ashcroft, 342 F.3d 667 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 41, Rivera-Santana; U.S. v., 668 F.3d 95 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 448 1754, 1757, 1940, 1947 Rivera-Sillas; U.S. v., 417 F.3d 1014 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 406–7, Robledo-Soto v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 834 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 559 409, 422 Robles, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 22 (BIA 2006) :: 141, 390, 1747– Rivera-Valencia, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 484 (BIA 2008) :: 376, 48, 1816 380, 383, 735 Robles v. Barr, 940 F.3d 420 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 1837, 1859 Rivera-Ventura; U.S. v., 72 F.3d 277 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 407–8 Robles-Avalos; U.S. v., 895 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 494 Rivera-Zurita v. INS, 946 F.2d 118 (10th Cir. 1991) :: 1731, 2001, Robles-Garcia v. Barr, 944 F.3d 1280 (10th Cir. 2019) :: 139, 2064 1723 Rivers, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 419 (BIA 1980) :: 1377, 2287 Robles-Urrea v. Holder, 678 F.3d 702 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 390, Rivers v. Roadway Express, Inc., 511 U.S. 298 (1994) :: 2109 1909, 1912 Riverside, City of, v. Rivera, 477 U.S. 561 (1986) :: 2179 Robles-Urrea v. Holder, 678 F.3d 702 (9th Cir. 2012), rev'g Mat- Riverside, County of, v. McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 42 (1991) :: 2031 ter of Robles, 24 I&N Dec. 22 (BIA 2006) :: 144 River Street Donuts, LLC v. Napolitano, 558 F.3d 111 (1st Cir. Robleto-Pastora v. Holder, 591 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1032, 2009) :: 1605, 2055, 2081 1054, 1062 Rocha, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 944 (BIA 1995) :: 149, 278 TABLE OF CASES 2573

Rocha v. Barr, 422 F.Supp.3d 472 (D.N.H. 2019) :: 542 Rodriguez-Cortes, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 587 (BIA 1992) :: 150, Rocha v. Thaler, 619 F.3d 387 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 735 226, 293, 295, 380 Roche-Martinez; U.S. v., 467 F.3d 591 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 446 Rodriguez-Coto, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 208 (BIA 1985) :: 876, Rodarte, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 150 (BIA 1995) :: 1788 878 Rodarte, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 905 (BIA 2006) :: 74, 155 Rodriguez-Cuate v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 1015 (8th Cir. 2006) :: Rodas v. Chertoff, 399 F.Supp.2d 697 (E.D. Va. 2005) :: 903, 718 1962 Rodriguez de Henriquez v. Barr, 942 F.3d 444 (8th Cir. 2019) :: Rodas-Orellana v. Holder, 780 F.3d 982 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 818, 1857 822 Rodriguez Del Carmen v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 41 (1st Cir. 2006) :: Rodney v. INS, 462 F.Supp.2d 285 (D. Conn. 2006) :: 755, 1952 1414 Rodrigues v. INS, 994 F.2d 32 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 151 Rodriguez-Diaz, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1320 (BIA 2000) :: 1821, Rodrigues-Nascimento v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 60 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1826 1984 Rodriguez-Esteban, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 88 (BIA 1989) :: 222, Rodriguez, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 9 (BIA 1980) :: 1384 1495, 1811, 1820 Rodriguez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 762 (BIA 2020) :: 711, 916 Rodriguez-Fernandez; U.S. v., 234 F.3d 498 (11th Cir. 2000) :: Rodriguez v. Ashcroft, 253 F.3d 797 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 1962 440 Rodriguez v. Barr, 943 F.3d 134 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 485, 490 Rodriguez-Fernandez v. Wilkinson, 505 F.Supp. 787 (D. Kan. Rodriguez v. Barr, 952 F.3d 984 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 2048 1980), aff'd on other grounds, 654 F.2d 1382 (10th Cir. Rodriguez v. Campbell, 8 F.2d 983 (5th Cir. 1925) :: 143–44 1981) :: 45, 259, 777 Rodriguez v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 593 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 796 Rodriguez Galicia v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 529 (7th Cir. 2005) :: Rodriguez v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 60 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 141, 183, 470, 665, 728, 958, 984, 986, 996 1472, 2083 Rodriguez-Gamboa; U.S. v., 946 F.3d 548 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 397 Rodriguez v. Hayes, 591 F.3d 1105 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1955–56, Rodriguez-Guardado v. Smith, 271 F.Supp.3d 331 (D. Mass. 2027, 2030, 2103–4 2017) :: 637, 754–55, 757, 1341 Rodriguez v. Holder, 619 F.3d 1077 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 293 Rodriguez-Gutierrez v. INS, 59 F.3d 504 (5th Cir. 1995) :: 172, Rodriguez v. Holder, 683 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 149 1730, 1781, 1889 Rodriguez v. Holder, 705 F.3d 207 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 326 Rodriguez-Heredia v. Holder, 639 F.3d 1264 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 128, 138 Rodriguez v. INS, 204 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 280, 1413 Rodriguez-Herrera v. INS, 52 F.3d 238 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 123, 136, Rodriguez v. INS, 841 F.2d 865 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1050 140 Rodriguez v. Marin, 909 F.3d 252 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 517, 546 Rodriguez-Labato v. Sessions, 868 F.3d 690 (8th Cir. 2017) :: Rodriguez v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 773 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 2199 1766 Rodriguez v. Nielsen, No. 16-CV-7092, 2018 WL 4783977 Rodriguez-Lariz v. INS, 282 F.3d 1218 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 640, 642, (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 2018) :: 1360 1772, 1884, 1889 Rodriguez v. Procter & Gamble Co., 338 F.Supp.3d 1283 (S.D. Rodriguez-Majano, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 811 (BIA 1988) :: 780, Fla. 2018) :: 2131 794 Rodriguez v. Ridge, 310 F.Supp.2d 1242 (S.D. Fla. 2004) :: 74 Rodriguez-Manzano v. Holder, 666 F.3d 948 (5th Cir. 2012) :: Rodriguez v. Robbins, see Jennings v. Rodriguez 642, 1864, 1879, 1883 Rodriguez v. Sessions, 876 F.3d 280 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 300 Rodriguez-Matamoros v. INS, 86 F.3d 158 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 844, Rodriguez v. U.S., 169 F.3d 1342 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 42 2053 Rodriguez v. U.S., 542 F.3d 704 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 2137, 2166, Rodriguez-Mercado v. Lynch, 809 F.3d 415 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 2179 1002 Rodriguez v. U.S., 575 U.S. 348 (2015) :: 484, 496 Rodriguez-Molinero v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 1134 (7th Cir. 2015) :: Rodriguez v. U.S., 983 F.Supp. 1445 (S.D. Fla. 1997) :: 1511 884, 888 Rodriguez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 735 F.3d 1302 (11th Cir. 2013) :: Rodriguez-Montelongo; U.S. v., 263 F.3d 429 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 818, 1006 400, 451, 459 Rodriguez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 844 F.3d 392 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 377, Rodriguez Morales v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 488 F.3d 884 (11th Cir. 379, 469, 567 2007) :: 793, 834, 1048 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 26 F.3d 4 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 454 Rodriguez-Munoz v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 245 (3d Cir. 2005) :: Rodriguez; U.S. v., 416 F.3d 123 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 402 1745, 1750, 1784 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 420 F.3d 831 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 412, 414 Rodriguez-Ocampo; U.S. v., 664 F.3d 1275 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 440 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 523 F.3d 519 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 451 Rodriguez-Palacios v. Barr, 927 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1042 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 553 F.3d 380 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 457 Rodriguez-Palma, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 465 (BIA 1980) :: 776, Rodriguez; U.S. v., 553 U.S. 377 (2008) :: 327, 368 876 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 564 F.3d 735 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 495 Rodriguez-Quiroz v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 674 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 660 F.3d 231 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 456 Rodriguez-Ramirez v. Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 120 (1st Cir. 2005) :: Rodriguez; U.S. v., 880 F.3d 1151 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 426 790 Rodriguez; U.S. v., 976 F.2d 592 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 492 Rodriguez-Rivas; U.S. v., 151 F.3d 377 (5th Cir. 1998) :: 493 Rodriguez v. Velez-Pagan, 341 F.Supp.3d 203 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) :: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 991 (BIA 1999) :: 2136 298, 301, 304 Rodriguez v. Yanez, 817 F.3d 466 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 188 Rodriguez-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 530 F.3d 381 (5th Cir. 2008) :: Rodriguez-Aparicio; U.S. v., 888 F.3d 189 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 417, 448, 454 598 Rodriguez-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 840 F.2d 697 (9th Cir. 1988) :: 426 Rodriguez-Arias v. Whitaker, 915 F.3d 968 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 890 Rodriguez-Rodriguez, 22 I&N Dec. 991 (BIA 1999) :: 2078, 2083 Rodriguez-Avalos v. Holder, 788 F.3d 445 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 1730, Rodriguez-Roman v. INS, 98 F.3d 416 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 776, 797, 1761, 2074, 2079 832, 1991, 2094 Rodriguez-Ayala; U.S. v., 773 F.3d 65 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 437, Rodriguez-Ruiz, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1378 (BIA 2000) :: 377 2339–40 Rodriguez-Saragosa v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 349 (5th Cir. 2018) :: Rodriguez-Barajas v. Holder, 624 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 1828 741 Rodriguez-Barajas v. INS, 992 F.2d 94 (7th Cir. 1993) :: 1827, Rodriguez-Silva v. INS, 242 F.3d 243 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 40, 482 2046, 2064 Rodriguez-Tejedor, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 153 (BIA 2001) :: 2288 Rodriguez-Carrillo, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1031 (BIA 1999) :: 724 Rodriguez-Valencia v. Holder, 652 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir. 2011) :: Rodriguez-Castro v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 316 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 338, 345 135 Rodriguez-Vasquez; U.S. v., 4 F.Supp.3d 1146 (N.D. Cal. 2013) Rodriguez-Contreras v. Sessions, 873 F.3d 579 (7th Cir. 2017) :: :: 419 316, 353 Rodriguez-Vega; U.S. v., 797 F.3d 781 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 384–85 Rodriguez-Vera, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA 1979) :: 1861 2574 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Rodriquez v. Procter & Gamble Co., No. 17-22652, 2020 WL Romero v. Drummond, Co., 552 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 3103912 (S.D. Fla. June 10, 2020) :: 1801, 2131 2148 Rodriquez v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1109 (2004) :: Romero v. Drummond Co., Inc., 552 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 2268–69 2150 Roe v. Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. 470 (2000) :: 640 Romero v. Evans, 280 F.Supp.3d 835 (E.D. Va. 2017) :: 1940 Roeder v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 333 F.3d 228 (D.C. Cir. 2003) Romero v. Holder, 568 F.3d 1054 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 148, 1729, :: 2160 1761 Rogan v. Reno, 75 F.Supp.2d 63 (E.D.N.Y. 1999) :: 1383, 1462, Romero v. INS, 39 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 279 1980–81 Romero-Avila; U.S. v., 210 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 2339 Roger Bowman Upholstering, 1991-INA-163 (May 18, 1992) :: Romero-Caspeta; U.S. v., 744 F.3d 405 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 402 1662 Romero-Cruz; U.S. v., 201 F.3d 373 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 426 Roger & Denny Phelps, 1988-INA-214 (2006) :: 1678, 1704 Romero-Hernandez v. District of Columbia, 141 F.Supp.3d 29 Rogers v. Bellei, 401 U.S. 815 (1971) :: 2282, 2322 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 1353 Rohit v. Holder, 670 F.3d 1085 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 133, 137 Romero-Mendoza v. Holder, 665 F.3d 1105 (9th Cir. 2011) :: Rohrbaugh v. Pompeo, 394 F.Supp.3d 128 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2012 2284 Rojas, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 492 (BIA 1975) :: 1728 Romero-Millan v. Barr, 958 F.3d 844 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 128, 146, Rojas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 117 (BIA 2001) :: 542, 544 292, 350 Rojas v. Holder, 704 F.3d 792 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1723, 1736 Romero-Morales v. INS, 25 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 585, 720 Rojas v. Johnson, 305 F.Supp.3d 1176 (W.D. Wash. 2018) :: 247, Romero-Ochoa v. Holder, 712 F.3d 1328 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 39, 258, 865, 928 1730 Rojas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 728 F.3d 203 (3d Cir. 2013) (en banc) :: Romero-Ochoa; U.S. v., 554 F.3d 833 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 400, 1953 145, 147, 290, 345, 347, 358 Romero-Rodriguez v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 672 (5th Cir. 2007) :: Rojas, 1987-INA-685 (1988) :: 1694 1727, 1755–56, 1792 Rojas-Garcia v. Ashcroft, 339 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 150, Romero-Ruiz v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 186, 476, 636, 642, 672, 1824, 2125 283, 1831, 2284 Rojas-Osorio; U.S. v., 381 F.Supp.3d 1216 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: Romero-Torres v. Ashcroft, 327 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1778, 413, 416 1972, 1983 Rojas-Pedroza; U.S. v., 716 F.3d 1253 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 410, 416, Romero-Vilca; U.S. v., 850 F.2d 177 (3d Cir. 1988) :: 396 418, 675 Romilus v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1044, 1845 Rojas-Perez v. Holder, 699 F.3d 74 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 814, 824 Romm; U.S. v., 455 F.3d 990 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 503 Rojas-Reyes v. INS, 235 F.3d 115 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 571, 578, Romo v. Barr, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 123 1783–84, 1793 Romo v. Todd Corp., see Todd; U.S. v. Rojas-Reynoso v. INS, 235 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 721, 1472, Romo-Romo; U.S. v., 246 F.3d 1272 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 401 1720 Romo-Villalobos; U.S. v., 674 F.3d 1246 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 317– Rojas-Vega v. ICE, 302 F.Supp.3d 300 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 605 18, 323, 388 Rokiyi Tambara v. Weedin, 299 F. 299 (9th Cir. 1924) :: 120 Ron Arthur, 2002-INA-54 (Oct. 24, 2002) :: 1660 Roland v. USCIS, 850 F.3d 625 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 1329, 1442, U.S. ex rel. Rongetti v. Neely, 207 F.2d 281 (7th Cir. 1953) :: 1904, 1962 2283 Roldan, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 869 (DD 1966) :: 1180 Ron Hartgrove, Inc., 1988-INA-302 (1989) :: 1669 Roldan, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 512 (BIA 1999), vacated sub Ron Lopes, LLC d/b/a Mike's Pizza, 2009-PER-9 (June 30, 2009) nom., Lujan-Armendariz v. INS, 222 F.3d 728 (9th Cir. :: 1641 2000) :: 374, 392–93, 595, 1729 Ronning Landscaping, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1149 (May 1, Romalez-Alcaide, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 423 (BIA 2002) :: 1766– 2012) :: 2184, 2220 67, 1770 Roopa Makhija, 2010-PER-555 (July 27, 2010) :: 1677 Roman, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 855 (BIA 1988) :: 275, 1791, Rooted & Grounded Nursery, LLC, 2010-PER-253 (Mar. 11, 1795, 1803–4 2011) :: 1665 Roman v. Ashcroft, 162 F.Supp.2d 755 (N.D. Ohio. 2001) :: 646 Roque, 1988-INA-4 (1988) :: 1662 Roman v. Ashcroft, 181 F.Supp.2d 808 (N.D. Ohio 2002) :: 228 Roque-Espinoza; U.S. v., 338 F.3d 724 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 412 Roman v. Ashcroft, 340 F.3d 314 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 1940 Rosa, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 228 (BIA 2018) :: 306 Roman v. INS, 233 F.3d 1027 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 664 Rosa v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 950 F.3d 67 (3d Cir. 2020) :: 348 Roman v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 184 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 650, 679 Rosalba Gonzales, 2017-TLC-28 (Oct. 11, 2017) :: 1229 Roman v. Riordan, 209 F.Supp.3d 371 (D. Mass. 2016) :: 1417, Rosales, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 655 (BIA 1988) :: 648 2061 Rosales v. ICE, 426 F.3d 733 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 474, 735, 1937 Roman Catholic Bishop of Sacramento, Matter of; WAC 93-041- Rosales-Aguilar; U.S. v., 818 F.3d 965 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 400 50514 (AAU Jan. 13, 1994) :: 1545 Rosales-Bruno; U.S. v., 789 F.3d 1249 (11th Cir. 2015) :: 448, Romani v. INS, 146 F.3d 737 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 721–22 452 Romanishyn v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 455 F.3d 175 (3d Cir. 2006) :: Rosales-Garcia v. Holland, 322 F.3d 386 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 261, 473, 664, 1062, 2073 271, 277, 1946, 2030 Romans Racing Stables, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1230 Rosales-Garcia v. Holland, 322 F.3d 386 (6th Cir. 2003) (en (Sept. 24, 2014) :: 2228, 2230 banc) :: 548 Romans Racing Stables, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1232 Rosales-Gonzales; U.S. v., 801 F.3d 1177 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 389 (CAHO Oct. 23, 2014) :: 2225, 2229 Rosales Justo v. Sessions, 895 F.3d 154 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 802, Roman-Suaste v. Holder, 766 F.3d 1035 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 310 1039 Romanyuk v. Lynch, 151 F.Supp.3d 559 (E.D. Pa. 2015) :: 1485, Rosales-Mireles v. U.S., 138 S.Ct. 1897 (2018) :: 445 1494 Rosales-Mireles; U.S. v., 850 F.3d 246 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 452 Roma Rays Italian Bakery, Inc., 2012-PER-1187 (Mar. 10, 2016) Rosales-Pineda v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 627 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 680, :: 1650 685, 1723 Rombot v. Souza, 296 F.Supp. 383 (D. Mass. 2017) :: 468, 751, Rosales Rivera v. Lynch, 816 F.3d 1064 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 125, 756, 758, 760 142–43, 349–50, 2082 Romeike v. Holder, 718 F.3d 528 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 795 Rosales-Rosales v. Ashcroft, 347 F.3d 714 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 324 Romeiro De Silva v. Smith, 773 F.2d 1021 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1921, Rosales Vargas & Rosales Rosales, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 745 2015 (BIA 2020) :: 555, 577 Romer v. Holder, 663 F.3d 40 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 1719 Rosa Pena v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 284 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 128–29, Romero v. Barr, 937 F.3d 282 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 166, 560, 697, 138 1787, 1802, 2068 Rosa Pizza, 2001-INA-164 (Apr. 9, 2002) :: 1678 Romero v. Consulate of the U.S. in Barranquilla, Colombia, 860 Rosario v. Holder, 627 F.3d 58 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 2041 F.Supp. 319 (E.D. Va. 1994) :: 2012 Rosario v. INS, 962 F.2d 220 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 1749 TABLE OF CASES 2575

Rosario-Mijangos v. Holder, 717 F.3d 269 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 1767 R-S-H-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 629 (BIA 2003) :: 520, 598, 658, Rosas, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 616 (BIA 1999) :: 74–75, 286, 301, 688, 699, 964, 973, 1035, 1472, 1720, 1722, 1735, 1835, 1477 1839, 1841 Rosas v. Alice's Tea Cup, LLC, 127 F.Supp.3d 4 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) R-S-J-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 863 (BIA 1999) :: 921, 1729–30 :: 2248, 2253 R&SL Inc., d/b/a Total Employment and Management (Team); Rosas-Castaneda v. Holder, see Young v. Holder U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1333 (Nov. 7, 2019) :: 2210 Rosciszewski v. Adducci, 983 F.Supp.2d 910 (E.D. Mich. 2013) :: R Square, Inc., 2010-PER-963 (Oct. 9, 2012) :: 1637 1940, 2173 R&T Architects, Inc., 2012-PER-1471 (June 9, 2016) :: 1693, Rose, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 181 (BIA 2010) :: 1397 1701 Rose v. Woolwine, 344 F.2d 993 (4th Cir. 1965) :: 939 R-T-I-, Matter of; ID# 77341 (AAO Mar. 27, 2017) :: 1536 Rose Acre Farms, Inc.; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1310 (Apr. 5, Ruano v. Ashcroft, 301 F.3d 1155 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 836 2018) :: 2269 Rubalcava Gonzales; U.S. v., 179 F.Supp.3d 917 (E.D. Mo. Roseberry-Andrews v. DHS, 299 F.Supp.3d 9 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2016) :: 2300 604 Rubie's Costume Co., Inc., 2000-INA-285 (BALCA Jan. 7, 2002) Rosemarie M. v. Morton, 671 F.Supp.2d 1311 (M.D. Fla. 2009) :: :: 1203 265, 549 Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 830 F.3d 470 (7th Cir. 2016) :: Rosenberg, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 744 (BIA 2009) :: 658–59 2153 Rosenberg v. Fleuti, 374 U.S. 449 (1963) :: 75, 693, 1496, 1503, Rubino, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 194 (BIA 1975) :: 1416 2041, 2111 Rubio v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 344 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 376, 900 Rosenberg v. ICE, 13 F.Supp.3d 92 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 606 Rubio-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 674 F.2d 1067 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 428 Rosenberg v. ICE, 954 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 606, 618 Rubio-Reyes; U.S. v., 14 OCAHO no. 1349 (Mar. 27, 2020) :: 173 Rosenberg v. ICE, 956 F.Supp.2d 32 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 599 Rubio-Rubio v. INS, 23 F.3d 273 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 1781 Rosenberg v. ICE, 959 F.Supp.2d 61 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 605, 610, Rubman v. USCIS, 800 F.3d 381 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 605 613 Ruci v. Holder, 741 F.3d 239 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 838 Rosenberg v. Lashkar-E-Taiba, 360 F.Supp.2d 336 (E.D.N.Y. Ruckbi v. INS, 159 F.3d 18 (1st Cir. 1998) :: 1960 2013) :: 2155 Rucoba & Maya Constr., LLC, 2017-TLN-48 (June 5, 2017) :: Rosenberg v. Woo, 402 U.S. 49 (1971) :: 855 1247 Rosendo-Ramirez v. INS, 32 F.3d 1085 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 76, 673 Ruderman v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 567 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 229, 650, Roshan v. Smith, 615 F.Supp. 901 (D.D.C. 1985) :: 2027 873, 896, 1722, 1732, 1803, 2062 Roshandel v. Chertoff, 554 F.Supp.2d 1194 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: Rueda-Menicucci v. INS, 132 F.3d 493 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 2168, 2103 2171, 2178 Roshani, Inc., 2012-PER-3427 (Aug. 30, 2016) :: 1664 Ruelas-Arreguin; U.S. v., 219 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 406 Rosiles-Camarena v. Holder, 735 F.3d 534 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 895, Ruelas-Mendez; U.S. v., 556 F.3d 655 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 452 1035, 1836 Ruga v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 757 F.3d 1193 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 918 Rosner; U.S. v., 249 F.2d 49 (1st Cir. 1957) :: 2307 Ruginski v. INS, 942 F.2d 13 (1st Cir. 1991) :: 1914 Ross; U.S. v., 400 F.Supp.2d 939 (W.D. Tex. 2005) :: 493 Ruis, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 320 (BIA 1982) :: 278 Rossi, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 514 (BIA 1966) :: 576, 2329 Rui Yang v. Holder, 664 F.3d 580 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 955 Ross Landscape & Paving Servs., Inc., 2017-TLN-47 (May 1, Ruiz, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 91 (BIA 1989) :: 712, 1820 2017) :: 1261 Ruiz v. Campos, 547 F.Supp.2d 682 (W.D. Tex. 2008) :: 270 Roth v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 78 F.Supp.3d 379 (D.D.C. 2015) Ruiz v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 762 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 788, 800, 840, :: 2156 842, 850, 1042 Rothstein v. UBS AG, 708 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 2153 Ruiz v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1044 Rotimi, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 567 (BIA 2008), aff'd, Rotimi v. Ruiz v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 269 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1945, 1965, Holder, 577 F.3d 133 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 227, 2073 1967, 2094 Rotimi v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 55 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2078 Ruiz v. Robinson, 892 F.Supp.2d 1321 (S.D. Fla. 2012) :: 1125 Rotinsulu v. Mukasey, 515 F.3d 68 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 895, 1838 Ruiz v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 440 F.3d 1247 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 1004 Roudnahal v. Ridge, 310 F.Supp.2d 884 (N.D. Ohio 2003) :: Ruiz-Almanzar v. Ridge, 485 F.3d 193 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 694, 1496, 1983, 2153 1754, 2085, 2112 Rouse v. DOS, 567 F.3d 408 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 620 Ruiz-Apolonio; U.S. v., 657 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 323, 454 Roussis, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 256 (BIA 1982) :: 1490, 1787 Ruiz-Cabrera v. Holder, 758 F.3d 754 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 826 Rowayton Pizza, 2009-PER-214 (June 23, 2009) :: 1640 Ruiz-Campuzano, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 108 (BIA 1979) :: 1818 Rowe, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 962 (BIA 2006) :: 1377, 2284 Ruiz-Del-Cid v. Holder, 765 F.3d 635 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 177, 1730 Rowe v. INS, 45 F.Supp.2d 144 (D. Mass. 1999) :: 2004, 2006 Ruiz-Diaz v. U.S., 618 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1445, 1547 Rowoldt v. Perfetto, 355 U.S. 115 (1957) :: 211, 2304 Ruiz-Diaz v. U.S., 703 F.3d 483 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 39, 1445, 1547 Roy v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 132 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 1007, 2086 Ruiz-Diaz v. U.S., 2008 WL 3928016 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 21, 2008) Roy, Matter of;(Bangkok, AAO Aug. 6, 2013) :: 225 :: 161 Roy v. Barr, 960 F.3d 1175 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 2284 Ruiz-Escobar v. Sessions, 881 F.3d 252 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 833, Roy v. County of Los Angeles, No. CV 12-09012-AB (FFMx), 1008 2018 WL 914773 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 7, 2018) :: 536, 598 Ruiz-Guerrero v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 572 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 884, Roy v. U.S., 347 F.Supp.3d 230 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 384 887 Royal; U.S. v., 731 F.3d 333 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 351 Ruiz-Hernandez; U.S. v., 890 F.3d 202 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 424 Royal Siam Corp. v. Chertoff, 484 F.3d 139 (1st Cir. 2007) :: Ruiz-Lopez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 551 (BIA 2011), aff'd Ruiz- 1098, 1183, 1185 Lopez v. Holder, 682 F.3d 513 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 121, 140– Royaltyshare, Inc., 2011-PER-1229 (Nov. 6, 2012) :: 1713 41, 2074 Roye v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 693 F.3d 333 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 884 Ruiz-Lopez; U.S. v., 234 F.3d 445 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 407 Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia, 253 U.S. 412 (1920) :: 38 Ruiz-Lopez; U.S. v., 749 F.3d 1138 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 400 R-P-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 230 (BIA 1990) :: 1739, 1829 Ruiz-Martinez v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1896, R-R-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 823 (BIA 1949) :: 177 2085 R-R-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 547 (BIA 1992) :: 676, 797, 930, Ruiz-Massieu, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 833 (BIA 1999) :: 73, 210, 1033 282, 461, 724 Rranci v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 540 F.3d 165 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 570, 639, Ruiz-Morales v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1219 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 322 641–42, 777, 908, 1029 Ruiz-Rivera v. Moyer, 70 F.3d 498 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 532 R.R.D. v. Holder, 746 F.3d 807 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 816, 818, 823, Ruiz-Rivera v. Moyer, 874 F.Supp. 870 (N.D. Ill. 1995) :: 2123 1028 Ruiz-Romero, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 486 (BIA 1999), aff'd, Ruiz- Rreshpja v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 551 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 816, 826, Romero v. Reno, 205 F.3d 837 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 337, 345 887 Ruiz-Salazar; U.S. v., 785 F.3d 1270 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 446 R-S-C- v. Sessions, 869 F.3d 1176 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 742, 2076 Ruiz-Terrazas; U.S. v., 477 F.3d 1196 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 453 2576 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Ruiz-Turcios v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 717 F.3d 847 (11th Cir. 2013) :: Sabido Valdivia v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1144 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 645, 708, 1861, 1884, 2052, 2057 1766, 1974 Ruiz-Vidal v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 145, 290, Sabir v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 456 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 715 307, 309, 2098 Sabol v. Northern Michigan Univ., 9 OCAHO no. 1107 (2004) :: Ruiz-Vidal v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 292, 358– 2264 59, 365 Saccoh v. INS, 24 F.Supp.2d 406 (E.D. Pa. 1998) :: 2043 Rullan v. Goden, 134 F.Supp.3d 926 (D. Md. 2015) :: 1309 Sachdev v. INS, 788 F.2d 912 (2d Cir. 1986) :: 572, 1455, 1793 Rumierz v. Gonzales, 456 F.3d 31 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 379, 2072 Sachi Enterprise, Inc., 2011-PER-1636 (Sept. 27, 2012) :: 1633 Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 542 U.S. 426 (2004) :: 551, 1937–39, 1941– Sack v. DOJ, 138 F.Supp.3d 10 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 613 42, 2103 Sackie v. Ashcroft, 270 F.Supp.2d 596 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 891 Ruprecht Co. & UNITE HERE, Local 1, 366 NLRB No. 179 (Aug. Sad v. INS, 246 F.3d 811 (6th Cir. 2001) :: 1783 27, 2018) :: 2198, 2245–46 Sadeghi v. INS, 40 F.3d 1139 (10th Cir. 1994) :: 686 Ruprecht Co. & UNITE HERE, Local 1, Nos. 13-CA-155048, Sadeghzadeh v. USCIS, 322 F.Supp.3d 12 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 626, 155049, 156198, 158317 (ALJ May 13, 2016) :: 2205 1566 Ruqiang Yu v. Holder, 693 F.3d 294 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 805, 807, Sadhvani v. Holder, 596 F.3d 180 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 1863 1030 Sadhyani v. Chertoff, 460 F.Supp.2d 114 (D.D.C. 2006) :: 1938, Rusak v. Holder, 734 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 790, 836, 936, 1983, 2039 1010 Sadowski v. Bush, 293 F.Supp.2d 15 (D.D.C. 2003) :: 2018, 2034 Rusin, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 128 (BIA 1989) :: 211 Sadowski v. INS, 107 F.Supp.2d 451 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) :: 1950, Rusk v. Cort, 369 U.S. 367 (1962) :: 1991, 2335 2030 Russell; U.S. v., 686 F.2d 35 (D.C. Cir. 1982) :: 387 Saeedi v. Roark, 803 F.Supp.2d 381 (W.D.N.C. 2011) :: 175 Russian Volunteer Fleet v. U.S., 282 U.S. 481 (1931) :: 45, 2141 Sael v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 922 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 848 Rust v. Cort, 369 U.S. 367 (1962) :: 1918, 2334 Saelee, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1258 (BIA 2000) :: 751, 1810 Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173 (1991) :: 2055, 2084 Safadi v. Howard, 466 F.Supp.2d 696 (E.D. Va. 2006) :: 1930, Ruston v. DOS, 29 F.Supp.2d 518 (S.D. Ark. 1998), aff'd, 187 1951, 1964, 1970, 1975 F.3d 643 (8th Cir. 1999) :: 1085, 2000, 2012 Safaie v. INS, 25 F.3d 636 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 817, 1019, 1843 Rusu v. INS, 296 F.3d 316 (4th Cir. 2002) :: 701 Safe-Air Illinois, Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1270 (Mar. 10, Rusz v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 285 2016) :: 2231 Rux v. Republic of Sudan, 461 F.3d 461 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 2158 Safeharbor Employer Servs. I, Inc. v. Velasquez, 860 So.2d 984 Ru Xiu Chen v. Holder, 579 F.3d 73 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 998 (Fla. App. 1 Dist. 2003) :: 2251 Ruzi v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 611 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 834 Safer, Inc. v. INS, CA 3-87-2761-R (N.D. Tex. 1989) :: 1183 Ruzku, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 731 (BIA 2016) :: 1393 Safetran, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 49 (Comm. 1989) :: 1192 Ryan v. ICE, 382 F.Supp.3d 142 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 506 Safety Nat'l Cas. Corp. v. DHS, 711 F.Supp.2d 697 (S.D. Tex. Ryan-Webster; U.S. v., 353 F.3d 353 (4th Cir. 2003) :: 434 2008) :: 532, 650, 1926, 2044 Rydeen v. Quigg, 748 F.Supp. 900 (D.D.C. 1990) :: 2050 Safety Nat'l Cas. Corp.; U.S. v., 782 F.Supp.2d 420 (S.D. Tex. Ryder Commc'n Grp., Inc., 2011-PER-413 (July 16, 2012) :: 1668 2011) :: 532 SAF Simulation, Analysis & Forecasting USA Inc., 2011-PER- S 2600 (Aug. 27, 2013) :: 1638 Saga Overseas, LLC v. Johnson, 200 F.Supp.3d 1341 (S.D. Fla. S-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 314 (BIA 1942) :: 136 2016) :: 666, 1528, 2055 S-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 353 (BIA 1945) :: 143 Sagarwala v. Cissna, 387 F.Supp.3d 56 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1183 S-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 553 (BIA 1945) :: 133 Sagaydak v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 1035 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 805, 832, S-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 460 (BIA 1948) :: 367 1030, 1987 S-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 617 (BIA 1949) :: 138 Sage It, Inc. v. Cissna, 314 F.Supp.3d 203 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1597 S-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 425 (BIA 1953) :: 143 Saget v. Trump, 375 F.Supp. 380 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 905 S-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 686 (BIA 1954) :: 132 Sagoe v. Sessions, 887 F.3d 417 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 1395 S-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 769 (BIA 1955) :: 140 Sahara Wireless Int'l, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1262 (Oct. 2, S-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 344 (BIA 1959) :: 132, 145 2015) :: 2223 S-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 688 (BIA 1962) :: 134 Sahi v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 587 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 785 S. v. Neiman Marcus Grp., 13 OCAHO no. 1323 (July 19, 2019) :: Said v. Eddy, 87 F.Supp.2d 937 (D. Alaska 2000) :: 2337 2270 Said v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 668 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1971 S-A-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1050 (BIA 1997) :: 274 Said v. Gonzales, 545 F.Supp.2d 1153 (W.D. Wash. 2008) :: S-A-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1328 (BIA 2000) :: 801–2, 837, 974, 2170 1010–11, 1838, 1840 Saidabror Siddikov d/b/a Beyond Cleaning Servs.; U.S. v., 11 S-A-, Matter of; ID# 1699857 (AAO Sept. 19, 2018) :: 1318 OCAHO no. 1257 (2015) :: 2184 S.A. v. Trump, 363 F.Supp.3d 1048 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 782, 1925 Saidane v. INS, 129 F.3d 1063 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 675 Saada v. Golan, 930 F.3d 533 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 187 Saini v. Heinauer, 552 F.Supp.2d 974 (D. Neb. 2008) :: 1930, Saakian v. INS, 252 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 630, 640, 642, 709, 1952, 2315 720, 1865, 1879 Saini v. USCIS, 553 F.Supp.2d 1170 (E.D. Cal. 2008) :: 1948, Saavedra Bruno v. Albright, 197 F.3d 1153 (D.C. Cir. 1999) :: 1970, 1977 2011, 2013, 2024 Saint Fort v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 191 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 880, 1932, Saavedra-Figueroa v. Holder, 625 F.3d 621 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 135, 1935, 1961 2080 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc., 2012-PER-508 (May 1, 2014) :: S.A.B. v. Boente, 847 F.3d 542 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 197 1635, 1639 Saba v. INS, 52 F.Supp.2d 1117 (N.D. Cal. 1999) :: 640, 2008 Saintha v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 243 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 1062, 1480, Saba-Bakare v. Chertoff, 507 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 2303, 1805, 1905, 2074 2336 Saint Preux, Matter of; A97-634-322 (AAO June 5, 2007) :: 1554 Saban, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 70 (BIA 1981) :: 933 Saints, Inc. & Piedmont Dairies, Inc. d/b/a Alliance Dairies, 2011- Sabangan v. Powell, 375 F.3d 212 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2280 PER-927 et al (June 13, 2012) :: 1618, 1634 Sabangan v. Powell, 375 F.3d 818 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2295 Saints, Inc. & Piedmont Dairies, Inc. d/b/a Alliance Dairies, 2011- Sabbithi v. Al Saleh, 605 F.Supp.2d 122 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 2249 PER-927, et al. (June 13, 2012) :: 1707 Sabhari v. Mukasey, 522 F.3d 842 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1869 Saipov; U.S. v., 412 F.Supp.3d 295 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 445, 2012 Sabhari v. Reno, 197 F.3d 938 (8th Cir. 1999) :: 1915, 1977, Saiyid v. INS, 132 F.3d 1380 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 1865, 1887, 1979, 1983 2100–2101 Sabhnani; U.S. v., 599 F.3d 215 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 443 S-A-K-, Matter of; ID# 1264560 (AAO June 5, 2018) :: 1538 Sabic Innovative Plastics, 2012-PER-586 (Feb. 23, 2015) :: 1707 Saka v. Holder, 741 F.3d 244 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1857 Sakarapanee v. DHS, 616 F.3d 595 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 2291 TABLE OF CASES 2577

S-A-K- & H-A-H-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 464 (BIA 2008) :: 844, Salgado-Sosa v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 451 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 811, 1020 828, 1005, 1008 Sakhawati v. Lynch, 823 F.3d 852 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 1886 Salgado-Toribio v. Holder, 713 F.3d 1267 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 659 Sakhawati v. Lynch, 839 F.3d 476 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 2176 Salguero-Fuentes v. Holder, 569 F.3d 399 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 903 Sako v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 857 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 636 Saliba v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 828 F.3d 182 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 2290 Sakoc; U.S. v., 115 F.Supp.3d 475 (D. Vt. 2015) :: 2338 Salim, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 311 (BIA 1982) :: 926 Sakthinesan v. Smith, No. C90-529R (W.D. Wash. May 29, 1990) Salim v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 307 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 573 :: 258 Salim v. Holder, 728 F.3d 718 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 848, 1886 Sakuma Brothers Farms, 2014-TLC-88 (May 20, 2014) :: 1234 Salim v. Lynch, 831 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 848, 1873, 1875 Salad, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 733 (BIA 2020) :: 123, 128, 134 Salim v. Mitchell, 183 F.Supp.3d 1121 (E.D. Wash. 2016) :: 2146 Salad Bowl Restaurants, 1990-INA-200 (1991) :: 1667 Salim v. Mitchell, 268 F.Supp.3d 1132 (E.D. Wash. 2017) :: 2146 Salah v. Obama, 625 F.3d 745 (D.C. Cir. 2010) :: 552 Salim v. Mitchell, No. CV-15-0286-JLQ, 2017 WL 390270 (E.D. Salama, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 536 (BIA 1966) :: 792–93, 1011 Wash. Jan. 27, 2017) :: 554 Salameda v. INS, 70 F.3d 447 (7th Cir. 1995) :: 1772, 1782 Salinas v. Texas, 570 U.S. 178 (2013) :: 670 Salas v. Sierra Chem. Co., 327 P.3d 797 (Cal. 2014) :: 49 Salkeld v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 804 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 590, 596, Salas v. Sierra Chemical Co., 327 P.3d 797 (Cal. 2014) :: 2246, 1047 2252 Sall v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 229 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 853, 855, 962 Salas-Caballero v. Lynch, 786 F.3d 1077 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1778 Sall v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 10 OCAHO no. 1161 (Nov. 29, Salas-Mendoza; U.S. v., 237 F.3d 1246 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 346 2012) :: 2266 Salas-Velazquez v. INS, 34 F.3d 705 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 1417–18 Sallato; State v., 519 So.2d 605 (Fla. 1988) :: 387 Salazar, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 167 (BIA 1979) :: 272 Salma; U.S. v., 891 F.Supp.2d 1132 (E.D. Cal. 2013) :: 2300, Salazar, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 223 (BIA 2002), see Salazar-Re- 2323 gino v. Gonzales Salman v. Holder, 687 F.3d 991 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 802 Salazar v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 853 Salmeron-Salmeron v. Spivey, 926 F.3d 1283 (11th Cir. 2019) :: Salazar v. Maimon, 750 F.3d 514 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 188, 2180 937, 2048 Salazar; U.S. v., 455 F.3d 1022 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 438 Salmon, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 734 (BIA 1978) :: 1759 Salazar; U.S. v., 997 F.Supp.2d 549 (W.D. Tex. 2014) :: 495 Salmoran v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 909 F.3d 73 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 298, Salazar-Calderon v. Presidio Valley Farmers Ass'n, 765 F.2d 331, 356, 2073, 2083, 2085 1334 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 2105 Salomon, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 559 (BIA 2011) :: 658 Salazar-Gonzalez v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 914 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 639 Saloum v. USCIS, 437 F.3d 238 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 224, 1962 Salazar-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 458 F.3d 851 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 405 Salta v. INS, 314 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 714, 719 Salazar-Luviano v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 857 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 340 Salt Wells Cattle Co., 2010-TLC-15 (Jan. 26, 2010) :: 1230 Salazar-Paucar v. INS, 281 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 842, 1022 Saludes v. Republica de Cuba, 577 F.Supp.2d 1243 (S.D. Fla. Salazar-Regino v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 436 (5th Cir. 2005), aff'g 2008) :: 2159 Matter of Salazar, 23 I&N Dec. 223 (BIA 2002) :: 374–75, Saludes v. Republica de Cuba, 655 F.Supp.2d 1290 (S.D. Fla. 392–94, 595, 1945, 2094, 2123 2009) :: 2159 Salazar-Robles; U.S. v., 207 F.3d 648 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 406 Salvador-Calleros v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 959 (9th Cir. 2004) :: Salberg, In re; 276 A.D.2d 19 (1st Dep't N.Y. 2000) :: 655 1736, 1741 Salcedo-Albanez v. U.S., 149 F.Supp.2d 1240 (S.D. Cal. 2001) :: Salvail, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 19 (BIA 1979) :: 139 2137 Salviejo-Fernandez v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 1063 (9th Cir. 2006) :: Salcido-Salcido v. INS, 138 F.3d 1292 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 231, 310, 476, 576, 1723, 1750 1733, 1771 Sam v. Holder, 752 F.3d 97 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 814, 824 Saldana v. Lynch, 820 F.3d 970 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 802, 843 S-A-M-, Matter of; ID# 1386826 (AAO May 22, 2018) :: 900 Saldarriaga v. Gonzales, 402 F.3d 461 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 1030 Sama v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 887 F.3d 1225 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 1048 Saldina v. Thornburgh, 775 F.Supp. 507 (D. Conn. 1991) :: 272, Samaei; U.S. v., 260 F.Supp.2d 1223 (M.D. Fla. 2003) :: 2324 646 Samaguey; U.S. v., 180 F.3d 195 (5th Cir. 1999) :: 495 Saldivar v. Sessions, 877 F.3d 812 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 1463, 1744 Samantar v. Yousuf, 560 U.S. 305 (2010) :: 2154, 2160 Saldivar-Vargas; U.S. v., 290 F.Supp.2d 1210 (S.D. Cal. 2003) :: Samayoa Cabrera v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 10 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 834 370 Samayoa Cabrera v. Barr, 939 F.3d 379 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1836 Sale v. Haitian Ctrs. Council, Inc., 509 U.S. 155 (1993) :: 42, 215, Samayoa-Martinez v. Holder, 558 F.3d 897 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 487, 775, 778, 783, 869, 2013, 2110 497, 510 Saleem v. Keisler, 520 F.Supp.2d 1048 (W.D. Wis. 2007) :: 1928, Sambare v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 925 F.3d 124 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 135, 1948, 1977 150, 293 Saleh v. Bush, 848 F.3d 880 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 2144 Samedov v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 704 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 789 Saleh v. DOJ, 962 F.2d 234 (2d Cir. 1992) :: 815 Samirah v. Holder, 627 F.3d 652 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1493, 1938, Saleh v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 378 1947 Saleh v. Holder, 54 F.Supp.3d 1163 (D. Nev. 2014) :: 1414 Samirah v. O'Connell, 335 F.3d 545 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1493, 1938, Saleh v. Holder, 84 F.Supp.3d 135 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 1950, 2015 1940, 1963 Saleh v. Pompeo, 393 F.Supp.3d 172 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2319 Sammy; U.S. v., 186 F.Supp.3d 241 (E.D.N.Y. 2016) :: 414 Saleh v. Ridge, 367 F.Supp.2d 508 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 1931, 1952 Samsen, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 28 (BIA 1974) :: 1417 Saleh v. Tillerson, 293 F.Supp.3d 419 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 2014 Sam's Exxon, 1991-INA-362 (Dec. 11, 1992) :: 1687 Saleh v. Titan Corp., 580 F.3d 1 (D.C. Cir. 2009) :: 2132, 2149 Samtmann v. DOJ, 35 F.Supp.3d 82 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 621 Salehi v. District Director, 796 F.2d 1286 (10th Cir. 1986) :: 1915, Samuel v. Metropolitan Police Dep't, 258 F.Supp.3d 27 (D.D.C. 1937 2017) :: 2251 Salehpour v. INS, 761 F.2d 1442 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1467, 2241 Samuels v. Chertoff, 550 F.3d 252 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 225 Salem v. Holder, 647 F.3d 111 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 366, 1724 Samuels; U.S. v., 874 F.3d 1032 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 434 Salem v. INS, 122 F.Supp.2d 980 (C.D. Ill. 2000) :: 2168, 2172 Sana Health, Inc., 2015-PER-448 (June 6, 2017) :: 1682 Salem v. Mukasey, 683 F.Supp. 289 (W.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 1949, Sanchez, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 671 (BIA 1979) :: 1376 2015 Sanchez, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 218 (BIA 1980) :: 67, 229, 286, Salem v. Pompeo, 432 F.Supp.3d 222 (E.D.N.Y 2020) :: 237, 1803 250, 468, 633 Sanchez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 223 (BIA 1990) :: 520, 537, 556, Sales v. Sessions, 868 F.3d 779 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 305, 342 739 Salgado; U.S. v., 292 F.3d 1169 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 408 Sanchez, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 444 (BIA 1996) :: 274 Salgado-Diaz v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 1158 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 471, Sanchez v. DOJ, 297 F.Supp.3d 188 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 605 569–70, 1793 Sanchez v. DPC New York Inc., 381 F.Supp.3d 245 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 2180 2578 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Sanchez v. Galey, 112 Idaho 609, 733 P.2d 1234 (1986) :: 2252 Sanchez-Trujillo v. INS, 801 F.2d 1571 (9th Cir. 1986), aff'g Mat- Sanchez v. Holder, 560 F.3d 1028 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc) :: ter of Sanchez & Escobar, 19 I&N Dec. 276 (BIA 1985) :: 224, 1728, 1761 794, 817, 820, 827 Sanchez v. Holder, 614 F.3d 760 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1724 Sanchez-Valencia; U.S. v., 148 F.3d 1273 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 451, Sanchez v. Holder, 627 F.3d 226 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 715, 718 459 Sanchez v. Holder, 704 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 172, 672 Sanchez-Velasco v. Holder, 593 F.3d 733 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1760, Sanchez v. Holder, 757 F.3d 712 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1724 1780, 1897–98, 1903, 1906 Sanchez v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 641 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 640, 1369, Sanchez-Velasco; U.S. v., 956 F.3d 576 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 442, 1373 479, 486, 489, 497 Sanchez v. Kindt, 752 F.Supp. 1419 (S.D. Ind. 1990) :: 259 Sanders v. U.S., 373 U.S. 1 (1963) :: 1946 Sanchez v. Leobardo & Carmen Ocanas d/b/a Leo Ocanas Farm, Sanders; U.S. v., 743 F.3d 471 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 485 9 OCAHO no. 1115 (2005) :: 2262 Sandher v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 108 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1902, 1934, Sanchez v. Ocanas Farms, 9 OCAHO no. 1115 (2005) :: 2262 1936 Sanchez v. R.G.L., 755 F.3d 765 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 188, 938 Sandhu, In re Extradition of; 886 F.Supp. 318 (S.D.N.Y. 1993) :: Sanchez v. Rowe, 651 F.Supp. 571 (N.D. Tex. 1986) :: 2136, 907 2139 Sandhu v. Bransom, 932 F.Supp. 822 (N.D. Tex. 1996) :: 907 Sanchez v. Rowe, 870 F.2d 291 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 2166, 2169 Sandhu v. U.S., 916 F.Supp.2d 329 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 1975 Sanchez v. Sessions, 857 F.3d 757 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1780, 1885 Sandie v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 562 F.3d 246 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 1741 Sanchez v. Sessions, 885 F.3d 782 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 484–85, 510 Sandler, 1989-INA-316 (Feb. 11, 1991) (en banc) :: 1662, 1702 Sanchez v. Sessions, 894 F.3d 858 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 638 Sandoval, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 70 (BIA 1979) :: 484 Sanchez v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 643 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 480, 485, Sandoval v. Holder, 641 F.3d 982 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 185 487, 491–92, 496, 699 Sandoval v. INS, 240 F.3d 577 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 377, 690 Sanchez v. State, 890 NW 2d 716 (Minn. 2017) :: 386 Sandoval v. Reno, 166 F.3d 225 (3d Cir. 1999) :: 1935, 2084 Sanchez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 392 F.3d 434 (11th Cir. 2004) :: 793, Sandoval v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 986 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 309, 311, 834 390, 2097 Sanchez; U.S. v., 604 F.3d 356 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 401 Sandoval; U.S. v., 390 F.3d 1294 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 384 Sanchez; U.S. v., 667 F.3d 555 (5th Cir. 2012) :: 323, 340 Sandoval v. Yates, 847 F.3d 697 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 306, 311 Sanchez; U.S. v., 927 F.2d 376 (8th Cir. 1991) :: 428, 440 Sandoval-Barajas; U.S. v., 206 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 316 Sanchez-Aguilar; U.S. v., 719 F.3d 1108 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 406, Sandoval-Enrique; U.S. v., 870 F.3d 1207 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 399 409–10, 423, 1907, 1985 Sandoval-Gomez v. Holder, 768 F.3d 904 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 316, Sanchez-Avalos v. Holder, 693 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 304, 352, 568, 1834 358 Sandoval-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 642 F.3d 717 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 404 Sanchez-Cornejo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 273 (BIA 2010) :: 306, Sandoval-Loffredo v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 892 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 311 77, 274, 1503 Sanchez-Cruz v. INS, 255 F.3d 775 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 471 Sandoval-Lua v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 1121 (9th Cir. 2007), over- Sanchez Elvina, Inc. d/b/a Ely-Lyn House of Beauty, 2004-INA-8 ruled on other grounds, Young v. Holder, 697 F.3d 976 (9th (Feb. 25, 2005) :: 1666 Cir. 2012) (en banc) :: 307, 390 Sanchez & Escobar, Matter of, see Sanchez-Trujillo v. INS, 801 Sandoval-Luna v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 1243 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 589, F.2d 1571 592–93, 1764, 1965 Sanchez-Gomez; U.S. v., 859 F.3d 649 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc), Sandoval-Orellana; U.S. v., 714 F.3d 1174 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 355 vacated as moot, 584 U.S. __, 138 S.Ct. 1532 (2018) :: Sandoz Crop Protection Corp., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 666 629, 2031–32 (Comm. 1988) :: 1292 Sanchez-Guzman; U.S. v., 744 F.Supp. 997 (E.D. Wash. 1990) :: San Francisco, City and County of, v. DHS, 408 F.Supp.3d 1057 693, 2112 (N.D. Cal. 2019) :: 99 Sanchez-Herbert, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 43 (BIA 2012) :: 166, San Francisco, City and County of, v. Sessions, 349 F.Supp.3d 579, 707 924 (N.D. Cal. 2018) :: 56 Sanchez Jimenez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 492 F.3d 1223 (11th Cir. San Francisco, City and County of, v. Trump, 897 F.3d 1225 (9th 2007) :: 785, 788, 830, 947, 1015, 1031, 1042 Cir. 2018) :: 56 Sanchez-Linn, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 362 (BIA 1991) :: 1366, San Francisco, City and County of, v. USCIS, 944 F.3d 273 (9th 1728 Cir. 2019) :: 99 Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon, 548 U.S. 331 (2006) :: 432, 488, 735 Sang Goo Park v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 846 F.3d 645 (3d Cir. 2017) :: Sanchez-Londono v. Gonzalez, 752 F.3d 533 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1870 187 Sangha v. INS, 103 F.3d 1482 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 806 Sanchez-Lopez, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 71 (BIA 2012) :: 1760 Sango-Dema v. District Director, INS, 122 F.Supp.2d 213 (D. Sanchez-Lopez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 256 (BIA 2018) :: 299, Mass. 2000) :: 371, 755 355, 1822 Sang Yoon Kim v. Holder, 603 F.3d 1100 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 232 Sanchez-Lopez; U.S. v., 414 F.Supp.3d 842 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: Sanjaa v. Sessions, 863 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 777 415, 419, 421 San Juan-Cruz; U.S. v., 314 F.3d 384 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 409 Sanchez-Lopez; U.S. v., 858 F.3d 1064 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 448 San Kai Kwok v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 766 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 954, Sanchez-Marquez v. INS, 725 F.2d 61 (7th Cir. 1984) :: 172, 392 958, 989, 995 Sanchez-Milam; U.S. v., 305 F.3d 310 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 402 Sankarapillai v. Ashcroft, 330 F.3d 1004 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 2086 Sanchez Molina v. Securitas Security Servs. USA, Inc., 11 Sankoh v. Mukasey, 539 F.3d 456 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 808, 965, OCAHO no. 1261 (Sept. 4, 2015) :: 2257 977, 1001, 1018 Sanchez-Penunuri v. Longshore, 7 F.Supp.3d 1136 (D. Colo. San Martin, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 167 (BIA 1974) :: 516 2013) :: 1941 San Mateo-Foster City Sch. Dist., 2014-PER-1067 (Oct. 31, Sanchez-Ramirez; U.S. v., 497 F.3d 531 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 446, 2018) :: 1651 457 Sanmina-Sci Corp., 2010-PER-697 (Jan. 19, 2011) :: 1630 Sanchez-Robles v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 688 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 825 Sannon v. U.S., 460 F.Supp. 458 (S.D. Fla. 1978) :: 1922 Sanchez-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 161 F.3d 556 (9th Cir. 1998) (en Sano, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 299 (BIA 1985) :: 1809, 1816 banc) :: 459 San Pedro v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 1156 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1416, Sanchez-Rojas; U.S. v., 889 F.3d 950 (8th Cir. 2018) :: 455 1791, 1813, 1964 Sanchez-Romero v. Sessions, 865 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 1872 San Pedro v. U.S., 79 F.3d 1065 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 444 Sanchez Sosa, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 807 (BIA 2012) :: 594, Santa Clara, County of, v. Trump, 250 F.Supp.3d 497 (N.D. Cal. 1356 2017) :: 56 Sanchez-Trujillo v. INS, 620 F.Supp. 1361 (W.D.N.C. 1985) :: Santacruz; U.S. v., 563 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 129, 133 1412, 1809, 2025 Santamaria-Ames v. INS, 104 F.3d 1127 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 1793, 2107, 2302 TABLE OF CASES 2579

Santana v. Chandler, 961 F.2d 514 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 272, 537, Sapvix, Inc., 2016-PER-184 (Mar. 8, 2019) :: 1689 647, 1938 Saqr v. Holder, 580 F.3d 414 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 371–72, 1752, Santana v. Hatch, No. 15-cv-89-wmc, 2016 WL 1734117 (W.D. 2099 Wis. Apr. 29, 2016) :: 116 Sara G. Gerstein, 2011-PER-1428 (June 21, 2012) :: 1641 Santana v. Holder, 566 F.3d 237 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1483 Sarango v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 651 F.3d 380 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 170 Santana v. Holder, 731 F.3d 50 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1862 Saran Indian Cuisine, 2011-PER-1939 (Aug. 27, 2013) :: 1647 Santana-Albarran v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 699 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 569, Saravia v. Sessions, 280 F.Supp.3d 1168 (N.D. Cal. 2017) :: 724, 1760, 1780, 1973, 2063 1941–42, 2040 Santana-Castellano; U.S. v., 74 F.3d 593 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 406, Saravia for A.H. v. Sessions, 905 F.3d 1137 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 408 522, 526 Santana-Felix v. Barr, 924 F.3d 51 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 341 Saravia-Paguada v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 1122 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Santana Gonzalez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 506 F.3d 274 (3d Cir. 2007) 370, 1755–56, 1998, 2122 :: 719 Sarbpreet Singh v. USCIS, SACV 17-1538 JVS (JCGx) (Mar. 8. Santana-Medina v. Holder, 616 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1998 2108) :: 1955, 1979 Santapaola v. Ashcroft, 249 F.Supp.2d 181 (D. Conn. 2003) :: Sareang Ye v. INS, 214 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 325, 327, 304, 322 365 Santarelli v. Hughes, 116 F.2d 613 (3d Cir. 1940) :: 391 Sarei v. Rio Tinto PLC, 550 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc) :: Santashbekov v. Lynch, 834 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1001 2151 Santiago v. INS, 526 F.2d 488 (9th Cir. 1975) :: 1423 Sarei v. Rio Tinto, PLC, 671 F.3d 736 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc) :: Santiago-Hernandez; U.S. v., 113 F.Supp.3d 966 (W.D. Mich. 2144 2015) :: 442 Sargetis; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 407 (1992) :: 2236 Santiago-Ochoa; U.S. v., 447 F.3d 1015 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 422 Sargetis (Castle Valley Sales); U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 407 (1992) Santiago-Rodriguez v. Holder, 657 F.3d 820 (9th Cir. 2011) :: :: 2271 585, 629, 639, 650 Sarhan v. Holder, 658 F.3d 649 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 801, 816, 819, Santiago's Repacking Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1153 (Aug. 870, 2078 24, 2012) :: 2183, 2186, 2230 Sarmiento v. Holder, 680 F.3d 799 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 1864 Santiglia v. Sun Microsystems, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1110 (2004) :: Sarmiento Cisneros v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 381 F.3d 1277 (11th Cir. 2274 2004) :: 743, 745, 1989–90, 2120 Santillan v. Gonzales, 388 F.Supp.2d 1065 (N.D. Cal. 2005) :: Sarmientos v. Holder, 742 F.3d 624 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 313, 348, 669, 2031, 2104 358 Santillan v. USA Waste of Cal., Inc., 853 F.3d 1035,1045-47 (9th Sarr v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 783 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 987, 1845 Cir. 2017) :: 2194, 2204, 2246 Sarr v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 354 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 1000, 1404, Santillano, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 146 (DD 1965) :: 1157 1470, 1786, 1833 Santoro, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 607 (BIA 1966) :: 133 Sarwari; U.S. v., 669 F.3d 401 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 438, 1375 Santos, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA 1984) :: 583, 635, 698 Sasonov v. U.S., 575 F.Supp.2d 626 (D.N.J. 2008) :: 384 Santos v. Frederick Cnty. Bd. of Comm'rs, 725 F.3d 451 (4th Cir. Sasso v. Milhollan, 735 F.Supp. 1045 (S.D. Fla. 1990) :: 512, 647 2013) :: 509, 2129, 2163 Sattani v. Holder, 749 F.3d 368 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 182, 1482 Santos v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 323 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 303 Sauceda v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 526 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 130–31, 146, Santos v. Reno, 228 F.3d 591 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 325, 1944, 2038 349, 366, 692, 1723, 1750, 1762 Santos v. Smith, 260 F.Supp.3d 598 (W.D. Va. 2017) :: 522 Saucedo; U.S. v., 956 F.3d 549 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 405 Santos v. U.S. Postal Serv., 9 OCAHO no. 1105 (Apr. 7, 2004) :: Saucedo-Arevalo v. Holder, 636 F.3d 532 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1761 2273 Saucedo-Tellez v. Perryman, 55 F.Supp.2d 882 (N.D. Ill. 1999) :: Santos; U.S. v., 940 F.Supp. 275 (D. Haw. 1996) :: 459 544 Santos; U.S. v., 947 F.3d 711 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 2338 Saucedo-Velasquez; U.S. v., 843 F.2d 832 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 421 Santosa v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 88 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 472, 728, Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194 (2001) :: 2161 1044 Savage; U.S. v., 542 F.3d 959 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 387 Santos-Flores; U.S. v., 794 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 541 Savannah State Univ., 2010-PER-716 (Dec. 15, 2010) :: 1703 Santos-Gonzalez v. Reno, 93 F.Supp.2d 286 (E.D.N.Y. 2000) :: Savaria v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 905 F.3d 729 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 950, 142, 1942 2082 Santos-Guaman v. Sessions, 891 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 864, Savchuck v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 121, 679 936 Save Jobs USA v. DHS, 942 F.3d 504 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 2021 Santos-Lemus v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 806, Savetamal, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 249 (RC 1969) :: 1156 827, 1009, 1844 Savino v. Souza, No. 20-10617-WGY, 2020 WL 2404923 (D. Santos-Lopez, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 419 (BIA 2002) :: 313 Mass. May 12, 2020) :: 514 Santoso v. Holder, 580 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 848 SAV on Drug, 1995-INA-596, 1996-INA-121 (Apr. 3, 1997) :: 1662 Santos-Pulido; U.S. v., 815 F.3d 443 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 422 Savorgnan v. U.S., 338 U.S. 491 (1950) :: 2281 Santos-Quiroa v. Lynch, 816 F.3d 160 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1746 Savoury v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 449 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 571, Santos-Reyes v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 660 F.3d 196 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 1365, 1743, 1793, 1841, 1845 1747 Sawan v. Chertoff, 589 F.Supp.2d 817 (S.D. Tex. 2008) :: 1928, Santos-Salazar v. DOJ, 400 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1971 1953, 2314 Santos-Sanchez v. Holder, 744 F.3d 391 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 280 Sawkow v. INS, 314 F.2d 34 (3d Cir. 1963) :: 288 Santos-Santos v. Barr, 917 F.3d 486 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 555, 715 Sawyers v. Holder, 684 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1745 Santos; State v., 401 N.W.2d 856 (Wis. Ct. App. 1987) :: 391 Saxbe v. Bustos, 419 U.S. 65 (1974) :: 1502, 1544 Santos-Vanegas; U.S. v., 878 F.2d 247 (8th Cir. 1989) :: 410, 420 Sayaxing v. INS, 179 F.3d 515 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 947, 1997 Sanudo, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 968 (BIA 2006) :: 123, 135, 298, Saysana, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 602 (BIA 2008), rev'd, Saysana 322, 325, 363, 681, 684 v. Gillen, 590 F.3d 7 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 542, 545 Sanusi v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 193 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 590, 596, Saysana v. Gillen, 590 F.3d 7 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 2070 1832, 1966 Saysana v. Gillen, 614 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 2171–72 Sanusi v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 341 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 378–79 Saywack v. INS, 91 Civ. 7797 (PNL), 1993 WL 205121 (S.D.N.Y. SAP America, Inc., 2010-PER-1250 (Apr. 18, 2013) (en banc) :: June 8, 1993) :: 2028 1647, 1650 Sayyah v. Farquharson, 382 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1943, 1994 SAP Labs, LLC, 2014-PER-1275 (Feb. 26, 2019) :: 1696 S-B-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 682 (BIA 1952) :: 143 Sapoundjiev v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 727 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2035 S-B-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 42 (BIA 2006) :: 952, 971, 1721 Sapre v. Dave S.B. Hoon—John Wayne Cancer Inst., 12 OCAHO S- & B-C-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 436 (AG 1961) :: 174 no. 1305 (July 21, 2017) :: 2267 S- & B-C-, Matter of; 9 I&N Dec. 436 (BIA 1960) :: 176 Sapunar, Matter of; NSC, A73 400 252 (AAU Apr. 1, 1996) :: Scales v. INS, 232 F.3d 1159 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 2078, 2282–83, 1523 2288 2580 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Scalia v. Munger Bros., LLC, No. 19-cv-02329-TLN-KJN (E.D. Sebastian-Sebastian v. INS, 195 F.3d 504 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 794 Cal. Nov. 19, 2019) :: 1242 Sebastian-Soler v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 409 F.3d 1280 (11th Cir. Scandia Interiors, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 271 (Nov. 28, 1990) 2005) :: 573, 2314 :: 2214 Sebelius v. Auburn Reg'l Medical Ctr., 568 U.S. 145 (2013) :: Scandinavian Airlines Flight #SK 911, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 306 2013 (BIA 1991) :: 464 SEC v. A Chicago Convention Ctr., LLC, No. 13CV982 (N.D. Ill. Scarborough v. Principi, 541 U.S. 401 (2004) :: 2165, 2175 Feb. 6, 2013) :: 1589 Scarlett v. Barr, 957 F.3d 316 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 889, 1039 SEC v. A Chicago Convention Ctr., LLC, No. 13CV982 (N.D. Ill. Scarpulla, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 139 (BIA 1974) :: 131 Mar. 17, 2014) :: 1590 Scatambuli v. Holder, 558 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 814, 825 SEC v. Chenery Corp., 318 U.S. 80 (1943) :: 1037, 1843, 1875, Scenic Landscaping LLC, 2012-PER-989 (June 1, 2016) :: 1648 2045–46, 2063, 2100 Schad v. Arizona, 501 U.S. 624 (1991) (plurality) :: 351 SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194 (1947) (Chenery II) :: 2118 S. Chae Holding, Inc. d/b/a 7 Car Wash, 2009-PER-135 (Mar. 31, SEC v. Chen, No. 17-cv-06929-PA-JEM (C.D. Cal. Nov. 19, 2009) :: 1713 2018) :: 1591 Schaeuble v. Reno, 87 F.Supp.2d 383 (D.N.J. 2000) :: 620, 2005, SEC v. EB-5 Asset Manager, 2015 WL 11198252 (S.D. Fla. Nov. 2010 3, 2015) :: 1590 Schanfield v. Sojitz Corp. of Am., 663 F.Supp.2d 305 (S.D.N.Y. SEC v. Feng, 935 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1588, 1591 2009) :: 1309 SEC v. Hui Feng, No. 15-cv-09420-CBM, 2017 WL 6551107 Scheerer v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 445 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 45, (C.D. Cal. Aug. 10, 2017 (amended)) :: 1591 795, 920, 2082 SEC v. Kameli, 373 F.Supp.3d 1194 (2019) :: 1591 Scheerer v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 513 F.3d 1244 (11th Cir. 2008) :: SEC v. Kameli & Aurora Memory Care, 276 F.Supp.3d 852 (N.D. 276, 1479, 1491, 2076 Ill. 2017) :: 1591 Scheidemann v. INS, 83 F.3d 1517 (3d Cir. 1996) :: 369–70, 479, SEC v. Lee, 2015 WL 12751703 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2015) :: 1590 1750 SEC v. Liu, 262 F.Supp.3d 957 (C.D. Cal. 2017), aff'd, 754 F.Ap- Schellong v. INS, 805 F.2d 655 (7th Cir. 1986) :: 724 p'x 505 (9th Cir. 2018), rev'd on other grounds, Liu v. SEC, S-Cheng v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 320 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1024, 1982 591 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 1936 (2020) :: 1588 Schick, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 647 (RC 1970) :: 1285 SEC v. Luca Int'l Grp., LLC, 2015 WL 4071595 (N.D. Cal. July 6, Schiffer; U.S. v., 798 F.Supp. 1128 (E.D. Pa. 1992) :: 2335 2015) :: 1590 Schiffer; U.S. v., 831 F.Supp. 1166 (E.D. Pa. 1993) :: 2328 SEC v. Path America, LLC, 2015 WL 13173747 (W.D. Wash. Schiller v. INS, 205 F.Supp.2d 648 (W.D. Tex. 2002) :: 615 Aug. 24, 2015) :: 1590 Schiller v. NLRB, 964 F.2d 1205 (D.C. Cir. 1992) :: 609 SEC v. Quiros, No. 16-cv-21301-DPG, Dkt. Entry 448 (S.D. Fla. U.S. ex rel. Schlueter v. Watkins, 67 F.Supp. 556 (S.D.N.Y.), Feb. 6, 2018) :: 1568, 1589 aff'd, 158 F.2d 853 (2d Cir. 1946) :: 626 SEC v. Quiros, Stenger, Jay Peak, Inc. No. 16-cv-21301-DPG Schmitt v. Maurer, 451 F.3d 1092 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 1113, 1372, (S.D. Fla. Apr. 12, 2016) :: 1589 1473 SEC v. San Francisco Reg'l Ctr. LLC, No. 17-cv-00223-RS (N.D. Schnabel Eng'g Inc., 2010-PER-1125 (Nov. 9, 2011) :: 1648 Cal. Jan. 10, 2019) :: 1589 Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) :: 501 SEC v. Waterhouse, 41 F.3d 805 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 2167 Schneider v. Chertoff, 450 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1539, 2108 SEC v. Yang, Kano, No. 15-cv-02387-SVW-KK (C.D. Cal. Nov. Schneider v. Kissinger, 412 F.3d 190 (D.C. Cir. 2005) :: 2151 19, 2015) :: 1590 Schneiderman v. U.S., 320 U.S. 118 (1943) :: 2279, 2290, 2304 SEC v. Yang, No. 15-cv-02387-SVW (C.D. Cal. Jan. 8, 2019) :: School Dist. of Palm Beach Cnty., 2011-PER-2134 (Feb. 12, 1589 2015) :: 1616, 1668 Secaida-Rosales v. INS, 331 F.3d 297 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 982, 988, Schreiber v. McCament, 349 F.Supp.3d 1063 (D. Kan. 2018) :: 1839, 1845 1376 Seck v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 663 F.3d 1356 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 938, Schroeck v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 947 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 225, 229, 969, 1020, 1050, 1842 684, 1723, 1898, 1974 S-E-C-P-, Matter of; ID# 18013 (AAO Sept. 7, 2016) :: 1357 Schwebel v. Crandall, 343 F.Supp.3d 322 (S.D.N.Y. 2018), aff’d Securities and Exchange Comm'n, see SEC on other grounds, __ F.3d __, 2020 WL 4196635 (2d Cir. Seda, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 550 (BIA 1980) :: 1729, 1732, July 22, 2020) :: 570, 1429, 1431, 1793 1735–36 Schweiker v. Chilicky, 487 U.S. 412 (1988) :: 2137 See v. City of Seattle, 387 U.S. 541 (1967) :: 500, 2208 Schweiker v. Hansen, 450 U.S. 785 (1981) :: 1921 Seepersad v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 229, 1803 Schweiker v. McClure, 456 U.S. 188 (1982) :: 726, 730 S-E-G-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 579 (BIA 2008) :: 809, 818, 824 Scialabba v. Cuellar de Osorio, 573 U.S. 41 (2014) :: 1426, 2067 Segran v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 998 Scorpio Realty Advisors, 2012-PER-301 (Oct. 25, 2015) :: 1614 Segura v. Holder, 605 F.3d 1063 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1743, 1995 Scorteanu v. INS, 339 F.3d 407 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 709, 716, 720 Segura-Virgen; U.S. v., 390 F.Supp.3d 681 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 416 Scott v. Napolitano, 618 F.Supp.2d 186 (E.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 1895, Sehgal v. Johnson, 105 F.Supp.3d 860 (N.D. Ill. 2015), aff'd, 1930, 1949 Sehgal v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 1025 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 627, 664, Scott; U.S. v., 394 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 416, 419 1415, 1417 Scott; U.S. v., 447 F.3d 1365 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 405 Sehgal v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 1025 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 686 Scott; U.S. v., 919 F.Supp.2d 423 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 2285 Seibel & Stern, 1990-INA-86 et al. (1990) :: 1204, 1597, 1656 Screen Printers Resource, Inc., 2012-PER-825 (Dec. 1, 2015) :: Seife v. DOS, 366 F.Supp.3d 592 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 604, 608 1628 Sejas, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 236 (BIA 2007) :: 134 S-D-, Matter of; ID# 2106869 (AAO Mar. 20, 2019) :: 1449, 1453– Sejdini v. Holder, 714 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 1437, 1746 54 Sejour v. Steven Davis Farms, LLC, 28 F.Supp.3d 1216 (N.D. SDG Post Oak, LP d/b/a RDG + Bar Annie formerly Café Annie II, Fla. 2014) :: 1235 Ltd, 2011-PER-1576 (Aug. 17, 2015) :: 1619, 1640, 1653, Sela v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 44 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 794, 848 1702 Selami v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 621 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 921, 959, S-D-R-C-, Matter of; ID# 13768 (AAO Mar. 15, 2017) :: 1579 1001 Sea, Inc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 817 (Comm. 1988) :: 1180, 1185 Select Int'l Inc., 2011-PER-1478 (Sept. 19, 2012) :: 1697 Seale v. INS, 323 F.3d 150 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 370, 479 Select Temporaries, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1079 (2002) :: Sealed Petitioner v. Sealed Respondent, 829 F.3d 379 (5th Cir. 2268 2016) :: 797, 804, 829 Self-Petitioner, In re; 2012 WL 8524275 (AAO Aug. 12, 2012) :: Seaman v. Peterson, 766 F.3d 1252 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 189 1554, 1556 Sean B. v. McAleenan, 412 F.Supp.3d 472 (D.N.J. 2019) :: 765 Selgeka v. Carroll, 184 F.3d 337 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 935, 1979, Seasonal AG Servs., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2014-TAE-6, 2009, 2011 ARB 15-23 (Sept. 30, 2016) :: 1231 Selgrove Grp. LLC, 2017-PER-188 (June 6, 2018) :: 1645 Seaver v. BAE Sys., 9 OCAHO no. 1111 (2004) :: 2263, 2267 Selimi v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 736 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1033 TABLE OF CASES 2581

Selimi v. INS, 312 F.3d 854 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 75, 223, 585, 650 Sewak v. INS, 900 F.2d 667 (3d Cir. 1990) :: 639, 648, 699, 717 Seljan; U.S. v., 547 F.3d 993 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 502 Sexual Minorities Uganda v. Lively, 254 F.Supp.3d 262 (D. Mass. Selva Kumar v. Nihaki Sys., Inc., 2010-LCA-35 (ARB May 9, 2017) :: 2146 2012) :: 1217 Sexual Minorities Uganda v. Lively, 960 F.Supp.2d 304 (D. Mass. Sembhi v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 886 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 642 2013) :: 2020, 2144 Sembiring v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 719 Seyanabou Ndiaye v. CVS Store No. 6081, 2005-LCA-24 (May 9, Semerjan, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 751 (RC 1966) :: 1543 2007 and Nov. 29, 2006) :: 1217 Sena v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 50 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 337, 369, 1750, Seydi v. USCIS, 779 F.Supp.2d 714 (E.D. Mich. 2011) :: 203, 2123 1975 Senathirajah v. INS, 157 F.3d 210 (3d Cir. 1998) :: 685, 795, 945, S-H-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 462 (BIA 2002) :: 1035, 1835 950, 984, 1040, 2064 Shaar, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 541 (BIA 1996), aff'd, Shaar v. INS, Seng v. Holder, 584 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 986, 998, 1840 141 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 722, 1403, 1720, 1786–87, Sengkeo v. Horgan, 670 F.Supp.2d 116 (D. Mass. 2009) :: 2004, 1866–67, 2106 2009 Shabaj v. Holder, 602 F.3d 103 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1113 Senica v. INS, 16 F.3d 1013 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 174, 185, 232, Shabaj v. Holder, 718 F.3d 48 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 232, 1899, 1985 1805 Shabo v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 237 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 1957 Senor v. Barr, 401 F.Supp.3d 420 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 751, 1939 Shaboyan v. Holder, 652 F.3d 988 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1885, 1911 Senox Corp.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1219 (June 3, 2014) :: Shaghil v. Holder, 638 F.3d 828 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1012, 1047, 2212, 2233 1834 Seo v. DOL, 523 F.2d 10 (9th Cir. 1975) :: 1714 Shah, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 282 (BIA 2007) :: 659, 1217 Sepulveda v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 59 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1780, 1973, Shah v. Holder, 736 F.3d 1125 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1862, 1870, 1977 2118 Sepulveda v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 770 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 819 Shah v. Holder, 758 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 849 Sepulveda v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 401 F.3d 1226 (11th Cir. 2005) :: Shah v. INS, 788 F.2d 970 (4th Cir. 1986) :: 712 791, 1048, 1845 Shah v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 716–17, 1879 Sequeira-Solano v. INS, 104 F.3d 278 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1888 Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719 (8th Cir. 1999) :: 1979, 2071 Serafimovich v. Ashcroft, 456 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 964 Shah v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 446 F.3d 429 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 729, 993 Seren, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 590 (BIA 1976) :: 585 Shah v. Wilco Sys., Inc., 126 F.Supp.2d 641 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) :: Serenity Info Tech, Inc. v. Cuccinelli, No. 1:20-cv-0647-AT, 2020 1219, 1953, 2161, 2275 WL 2544534 (N.D. Ga. 2020) :: 1175 Shahandeh-Pey v. INS, 831 F.2d 1384 (7th Cir. 1987) :: 699, Seretse-Khama v. Ashcroft, 215 F.Supp.2d 37 (D.D.C. 2002) :: 2046 752, 756 Shahinaj v. Gonzales, 481 F.3d 1027 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 729, 989, Sergueeva v. Holder, 324 F.App'x 76 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 1788 996 S.E.R.L. v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 894 F.3d 535 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 809, Shahla v. INS, 749 F.2d 561 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 1914, 2101 815, 825 Shahwan v. Chertoff, No. C-05-4218 MMC (N.D. Cal. Dec. 12, Serna, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 579 (BIA 1992) :: 123, 139, 141–42 2005) :: 253 Serna v. Texas Dep't. of State Health Servs., No. 1-15-CV-446 Shaikh v. Holder, 588 F.3d 861 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 828 RP, 2015 WL 6118623 (W.D. Tex. Oct. 16, 2015) :: 38 Shaikh v. Holder, 702 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 828 Serova v. Teplen, No. 05 CIV. 6748 (HB) (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 16, Shaikhs v. INS, 181 F.3d 823 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 1448, 1452 2006) :: 1593 Shalala v. Guernsey Memorial Hospital, 514 U.S. 87 (1995) :: Serrano v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 1317 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 636 1923 Serrano v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 655 F.3d 1260 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 898, Shalala v. Schaefer, 509 U.S. 292 (1993) :: 2168, 2174–75 1925, 1947, 1949, 1976, 2080 Shalash v. Mukasey, 576 F.Supp.2d 902 (N.D. Ill. 2008) :: 2168, Serrano-Alberto v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 859 F.3d 208 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 2172, 2175, 2178 469, 727, 729 Shalka v. Kelly, 246 F.Supp.3d 147 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 1383 Serrato-Soto v. Holder, 570 F.3d 686 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 126, 142– Shalom Pentecostal Church v. Acting Secretary, DHS, 783 F.3d 43 156 (3d Cir. 2015) :: 1545, 2018–19, 2025 Servicios Azucareros v. John Deere Thibodeaux, 702 F.3d 794 Shameeza Embroideries, Inc. 2014-PER-78 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: (5th Cir. 2012) :: 2018 1660 Servin-Espinoza v. Ashcroft, 309 F.3d 1193 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 40 Shanghai Ravioli Corp., 2009-PER-451 (Sept. 10, 2010) :: 1625– Servion Global Solutions, Inc., 2009-PER-282 (June 23, 2009) :: 26 1642 Shanmukam/Matter of Aditi Corp., Matter of; LIN 99-243-50365 Sesay, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 431 (BIA 2011) :: 1330–31, 1473– (AAO May 23, 2000) :: 1181 74 Shanti, Inc. v. Reno, 36 F.Supp.2d 1151 (D. Minn. 1999) :: 1180, Sesay v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 787 F.3d 215 (3d Cir. 2015) :: 198, 200, 1183, 1185–86, 1915, 1970, 1981, 1991 2110 Shanu, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 754 (BIA 2005) :: 75, 286, 688, Sessions v. Dimaya, 584 U.S. __, 138 S.Ct. 1204 (2018) :: 317, 725, 1477 320, 325, 353, 455, 467, 718, 2124 Shapiro v. CIA, 170 F.Supp.3d 147 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 616–17 Sessions v. Morales-Santana, 582 U.S. __, 137 S.Ct. 1678 Shapiro; U.S. v., 16 FRD 499 (E.D. Wis. 1955), dismissed, 222 (2017), rev'g & aff'g in part on other grounds Morales-San- F.2d 836 (7th Cir. 1955) :: 384 tana v. Lynch, 804 F.3d 520 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 38–39, 44, Sharadanat v. USCIS, 543 F.Supp.2d 1071 (D.N.D. 2008) :: 482, 2022, 2024, 2281–82 1928, 1948, 1969 Sethi, No. 14-cr-00485 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 27; U.S. v., 2014) :: 1593 Sharari v. Gonzales, 407 F.3d 467 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 784, 791, Setiadi v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 710 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 791 982, 1986 Seto, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 290 (RC 1965) :: 1302 Sharashidze v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 566 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 305, Settenda v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 89 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 882, 892, 932, 1997 946, 1812, 2113 Sharashidze v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 1177 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1905, Seven Elephants Distributing Corp.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1173 2085 (Mar. 18, 2013) :: 2189, 2230 Shardar v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 318 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 795, 843 Seven Oaks Landscapes-Hardscapes, Inc., 2011-PER-2471, Shardar v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 503 F.3d 308 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 1846, 2628 (July 26, 2013) :: 1625 1875, 2055 Seven Star, Inc. v. U.S., 873 F.2d 225 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 41, 1243 Sharif v. Chertoff, 497 F.Supp.2d 928 (N.D. Ill. 2007) :: 1331, Seven Star, Inc. v. U.S., 933 F.2d 791 (9th Cir. 1991) :: 2223 1963 Severino v. Mukasey, 549 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1398 Sharif v. INS, 87 F.3d 932 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 797 Severino v. Negron, 996 F.2d 1439 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 538, 2163 Sharif ex rel. Sharif v. Ashcroft, 280 F.3d 786 (7th Cir. 2002) :: Severino; U.S. v., 724 F.Supp.2d 240 (D.P.R. 2010) :: 436 1982 Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 932, 1038 2582 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Sharkey v. Quarantillo, 541 F.3d 75 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1500, 1901, Shi Jie Ge v. Holder, 588 F.3d 90 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 862, 1022, 1924, 1953, 1967, 1973, 1976, 2027, 2034 1844, 1987 Sharma v. Discover Fin. Servs., LLC, 12 OCAHO no. 1292 (Dec. Shi Liang Lin v. DOJ, 494 F.3d 296 (2d Cir. 2007) (en banc) :: 12, 2016) :: 2270 936, 1026–27, 1878, 2071 Sharma v. Holder, 633 F.3d 865 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 833, 893, 1007, Shimizu v. DOS, No. CV 89-2741-WMB [unpublished] (C.D. Cal. 1404, 1470, 1786 May 31, 1990) :: 1085, 2013 Sharma v. Holder, 729 F.3d 407 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 804, 831, 1040 Shin, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 686 (DD 1966) :: 1183, 1185, 1542 Sharma v. INS, 89 F.3d 545 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 722 Shin v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 476, 571, 619, Sharma v. Lattice Semiconductor, 14 OCAHO no. 1362 (June 19, 1792, 1979 2020) :: 2212 Shinn Shyng Chang, 1988-INA-536 (1989) :: 1676 Sharma v. Lattice Semiconductor, 14 OCAHO no. 1362a (June Shirazi-Parsa v. INS, 14 F.3d 1424 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 1012 25, 2020) :: 2212 Shirdel, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 33 (BIA 1984) :: 176, 926 Sharma v. Reno, 902 F.Supp. 1130 (N.D. Cal. 1995) :: 275, 1938 Shire v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 1288 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 956, 990 Sharma v. Taylor, 50 F.Supp.3d 749 (E.D. Va. 2014) :: 1792, Shirkhani v. Greene, 790 F.Supp. 1065 (D. Colo. 1992) :: 2003– 2068, 2297 4, 2062 Sharon Bulanhagui, 2010-PER-172 (Oct. 27, 2010) :: 1612 Shirmohamadali v. Heinauer, 535 F.Supp.2d 1059 (E.D. Cal. Sharpe v. Riley, 271 F.Supp.2d 631 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 134 2008) :: 1928, 1948, 1970 Sharp Image Gaming, Inc., 2011-PER-2024 (July 9, 2014) :: 1616 Shittu v. Elwood, 204 F.Supp.2d 876 (E.D. Pa. 2002) :: 573 Sharp Printing, 1998-INA-21 (Aug. 19, 1998) :: 1670 Shivaraman v. Ashcroft, 360 F.3d 1142 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 75, 286, Shastriji Pennsylvania Donuts Corp., 2010-PER-437 (Mar. 29, 1477 2011) :: 1620 S-H-K-, Matter of; ID# 551127 (AAO Nov. 1, 2017) :: 1537 Shata; State v., 868 N.W.2d 93 (Wis. 2015) :: 386 Shkabari v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 324 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 1001 Shatley Farms, LLC, 2014-TLC-45 (Feb. 25, 2014) :: 1233 Shkambi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 584 F.3d 1041 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 985 Shaughnessy, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 810 (BIA 1968) :: 230 Shkulaku-Purballori v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2007) :: Shaughnessy v. Accardi, 349 U.S. 280 (1955) :: 1818 965, 1045 Shaughnessy v. Pedreiro, 349 U.S. 48 (1955) :: 1991 Shmyhelskyy v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 474 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 666, Shaughnessy v. U.S. ex rel. Mezei, 345 U.S. 206 (1953) :: 45, 982 252, 277 Shoafera v. INS, 228 F.3d 1070 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 1018 Shaw, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 277 (DD 1965) :: 1221 Shoaira v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 837 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 728, 789, Shaw, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 794 (BIA 1976) :: 1304, 1307 1007 Shaw v. Sessions, 898 F.3d 448 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 146, 292 Shogun Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a I Love Sushi Restaurant, 2002- Shaw's Crab House, 1987-INA-714 (1988) :: 1656 INA-294 (Jan. 9, 2004) :: 1656 Shaya v. Holder, 586 F.3d 401 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 317, 367, 2083 Shojaeddini v. Sessions, 880 F.3d 325 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1832, Shearson v. DHS, 638 F.3d 498 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 621 2086 Shearson v. Holder, 865 F.Supp.2d 850 (N.D. Ohio 2011) :: 234, Shokeh v. Thompson, 375 F.3d 351 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 2033 236, 620, 2024, 2043 Sholla v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 946 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 787 Shehu v. Gonzales, 443 F.3d 435 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 843–44 Shoo Hwan Kim v. Meese, 810 F.2d 1494 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 1494 Shehu v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 652 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 1044 Shooshtary v. INS, 39 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 225 Sheikh, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 634 (RC 1980) :: 117, 1226, 1539 Short, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 136 (BIA 1989) :: 122–23, 127, Sheikh v. DHS, 685 F.Supp.2d 1076 (C.D. Cal. 2010) :: 1411–12, 129–30, 134–35, 380 1966, 2044 Shortt v. Dick Clark's AB Theatre, LLC, 10 OCAHO no. 1130 Sheikh v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 1077 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 133, 1003 (Aug. 21, 2009) :: 2258 Sheikh v. Holder, 696 F.3d 147 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 592 Shouchen Yang v. Lynch, 822 F.3d 504 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 977 Sheikh v. Republic of Sudan, 172 F.Supp.3d 124 (D.D.C. 2016) :: Shou Wei Jin v. Holder, 572 F.3d 392 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1027, 2157 1792 Shekoyan v. Sibley Intern Corp., 217 F.Supp.2d 59 (D.D.C. Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 953, 971–72 2002), aff'd, 409 F.3d 414 (D.C. Cir. 2005) :: 2252 S&H Riggers & Rectors, Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Re- Sheku-Kamara v. Karn, 581 F.Supp. 582 (E.D. Pa. 1984) :: 1166 view Comm'n, 672 F.2d 426 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 2169 Shemin Nurseries, 2015-TLC-64 (Sept. 8, 2015) :: 1237 Shroff v. Sessions, 890 F.3d 542 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 304 Shen v. Chertoff, 494 F.Supp.2d 592 (E.D. Mich. 2007) :: 1930, Shtaro v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 711 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 678, 959, 995 1952, 2043 Shuaibu v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 277 Shen v. U.S. Consulate Gen. at Shanghai, China, 866 F.Supp. Shu Han Liu v. Holder, 718 F.3d 706 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 951, 954, 779 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 2012 962, 1010, 1012, 1875, 2045 Shendaj v. Dedvukaj, 543 F.Supp.2d 734 (E.D. Mich. 2008) :: Shuir Electrical Contractors Corp., 2016-PER-239 (Aug. 27, 2333 2019) :: 1699 Sheng Gao Ni v. BIA, 520 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 276, 592, Shukoor v. Rogers, 954 F.Supp. 1415 (C.D. Cal. 1997) :: 837, 1479, 1825, 1867 1016 Shepard v. U.S., 544 U.S. 13 (2005) :: 127, 297, 320, 350, 357, Shular v. U.S., 589 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 779 (2020) :: 346, 353, 693 359, 361, 363, 449, 681, 684 Shul-Navarro v. Holder, 762 F.3d 146 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 904 Shepherd v. Holder, 678 F.3d 1171 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 568, 575, Shum; U.S. v., 496 F.3d 390 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 424, 428 1899, 1902–3, 1993, 1995, 2006, 2009 Shumye v. Felleke, 555 F.Supp.2d 1020 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 115– Shepherd v. Krueger, 911 F.3d 861 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 322, 450 16 Sheriff v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 587 F.3d 584 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 845, 964, Shunaula v. Holder, 732 F.3d 143 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 1906, 1984 969, 1035, 1037, 1838 Shuti v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 440 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 353, 468–69, 2124 Sherifi v. INS, 260 F.3d 737 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 1776 Shu Wen Sun v. BIA, 510 F.3d 377 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 999 Sheviakov v. INS, 237 F.3d 1144 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 2086 Shweika v. DHS, 723 F.3d 710 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 2005, 2084, Shewchun v. Holder, 658 F.3d 557 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 619, 730, 2114, 2330 2048, 2302 Shyiak v. BCIS, 579 F.Supp.2d 900 (W.D. Mich. 2008) :: 1503, Shi v. BIA, 374 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1000, 1814 2293 Shi, Matter of; LIN 98-197-51825 (AAO Apr. 27, 2000) :: 1535 Si v. Slattery, 864 F.Supp. 397 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 1921 Shi v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 707 F.3d 1231 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 788, 799, Siam Thai Sushi Restaurant, d/b/a Four Siamese Co., Inc.; U.S. 1011 v., 10 OCAHO no. 1174 (Mar. 18, 2013) :: 2218, 2230 Shia v. Holder, 561 F.3d 19 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 714 Sibanda v. District Director, INS, 881 F.Supp. 1494 (D. Colo. Shia Ass'n of Bay Area v. U.S., 849 F.Supp.2d 916 (N.D. Cal. 1995) :: 1739, 1938 2012) :: 1489, 1493, 1545, 1927 Sibanda v. Holder, 778 F.3d 676 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 954 Shibeshi v. U.S., 920 F.Supp.2d 105 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 579 Sibanda v. INS, 282 F.3d 1330 (10th Cir. 2002) :: 1782 Shih, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 697 (BIA 1993) :: 1820 Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40 (1968) :: 1939 TABLE OF CASES 2583

Sibrun, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 354 (BIA 1983) :: 272, 586, 797 Silva Rosa v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 403 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 743, Sicajau Cotzojay v. Holder, 725 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 676 1487, 1989, 2121 Sicaju-Diaz v. Holder, 663 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 824, 1437 Silva-Trevino, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 687 (AG 2008), rev'd on Sicar v. Chertoff, 541 F.3d 1055 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 1437, 1917, other grounds, Silva-Trevino v. Holder, 742 F.3d 197 (5th 1992, 2016 Cir. 2014) :: 123 Sida v. INS, 783 F.2d 947 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1781, 2101 Silva-Trevino, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 550 (AG 2015) :: 123 Sidabutar v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 1116 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 803, Silva-Trevino, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 826 (BIA 2016) :: 123–24, 2007 128, 137, 221 Siddique v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 814 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 920 Silva-Trevino v. Holder, 742 F.3d 197 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 362, 2109 Siddiqui v. Cissna, 356 F.Supp.3d 772 (N.D. Ind. 2018) :: 1968, Silverado Stages, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1182 (May 13, 2301 2013) :: 2228, 2232 Siddiqui v. Holder, 670 F.3d 736 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 374, 1850, Silverado Stages, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1185 (June 12, 2051 2013) :: 2236 Sidhu v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 1160 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 67 Silver Dragon Chinese Restaurant, 19 I&N Dec. 401 (Comm. Sidhu Assoc., 1995-INA-182 (Jan. 2, 1997) :: 1670–71 1986) :: 1685 Sied v. Nielsen, 2018 WL 1142202 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 2, 2018) :: Silverman v. Rogers, 437 F.2d 102 (1st Cir. 1970) :: 1155 765, 1980 Silver Spring Jewelers Mfg. Co., Matter of; A21-409-743 (Comm. Siedle Security Sys., 2012-PER-605 (Aug. 25, 2015) :: 1627 Dec. 8, 1983) :: 1688 Siemens Energy & Automation, 2005-INA-1 through 5 (Feb. 11, Silvestre-Giron v. Barr, 949 F.3d 1114 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 1006 2005) :: 1713 Silveus; U.S. v., 542 F.3d 993 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 428, 495, 507 Siemens Energy & Automation, 2010-PER-1466 (Nov. 7, 2013) :: Silveyra v. Moschorak, 989 F.2d 1012 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 1920, 1647 1953 Siemens Med. Solutions USA, Inc., 2012-PER-1069 (Mar. 7, Silwany-Rodriguez v. INS, 975 F.2d 1157 (5th Cir. 1992) :: 935 2016) :: 1664 Simarmata v. Holder, 752 F.3d 79 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1876 Siemens Med. Sys., Inc., Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 362 (Comm. Simeio Solutions, Inc., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 542 (AAO 2015) :: 1986) :: 1285 1189 Siemens Water Techs. Corp., 2011-PER-955 (July 23, 2013) :: Simental-Galarza v. Barr, 946 F.3d 380 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 1779 1637–38 Simeonov v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 532 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1776 Sierra, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 288 (BIA 2014) :: 329, 331 Si Min Cen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 825 F.3d 177 (3d Cir. 2016) :: Sierra v. INS, 258 F.3d 1213 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 1970 1332, 1334, 2082, 2107–8, 2110–11 Sierra Canyon Sch., 1990-INA-410 (Jan. 16, 1992) :: 1699 Simko v. BIA, 156 F.Supp.3d 300 (D. Conn. 2015) :: 1417 Sierra-Ledesma; U.S. v., 645 F.3d 1213 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 406 Simmat v. U.S. Bureau of Prisons, 413 F.3d 1225 (10th Cir. 2005) Sierra-Reyes v. INS, 585 F.2d 762 (5th Cir. 1978) :: 662, 1722, :: 270 1760 Simmonds v. INS, 326 F.3d 351 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 537, 1937, 2026 Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 959, 973, 977, Simmons v. Himmelreich, 578 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 1843 (2016) :: 999 2141 Siffre, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 444 (BIA 1973) :: 279, 1123 Simmons Audio Video, 2010-PER-167 (Mar. 4, 2011) :: 1644 Sigmond-Ballesteros; U.S. v., 285 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2002) :: Simo v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 7 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 493 Simo; U.S. v., 68 F.Supp.2d 706 (E.D. Va. 1999) :: 437 Sihombing v. Holder, 581 F.3d 41 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1014, 1043, Simon v. Holder, 654 F.3d 440 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 591, 1857 2048 Simon v. Ingram Micro, Inc., 9 OCAHO no. 1088 (Jan. 27, 2003) Sihotang v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 46 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 1010 :: 2260, 2272, 2274 Sijapati v. Boente, 848 F.3d 210 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 75, 287, 2074 Simon v. Republic of Hungary, 812 F.3d 127 (D.C. Cir. 2014) :: S-I-K-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 324 (BIA 2007) :: 342, 1062, 1805 2154 Sikhs for Justice v. Indian Nat. Congress Party, 17 F.Supp.3d 334 Simon v. Republic of Iraq, 529 F.3d 1187 (D.C. Cir. 2008), rev'd (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 2142 on other grounds sub nom. Republic of Iraq v. Beaty, 556 Sikhs for Justice v. Singh, 64 F.Supp.3d 190 (D.D.C. 2014) :: U.S. 848 (2009) :: 2156 2155 Simona Luca Vricella, 2012-PER-373 (Sept. 15, 2015) :: 1613 Silais v. Sessions, 855 F.3d 736 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 665, 956 Simply Soup LTD d/b/a NY Soup Exchange, 2012-PER-940 (Jan. Silebi De Donado v. Swacina, 486 F.Supp.2d 1360 (S.D. Fla. 13, 2015) (en banc) :: 1643, 1706 2007) :: 2331 Simpson v. Ashcroft, 321 F.Supp.2d 13 (D.D.C. 2004) :: 1945 Siliconlinks, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. 09-131 (Oct. Simpson v. Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 470 F.3d 28, 2009) :: 1218 356 (D.C. Cir. 2006) :: 2159 Silien; U.S. v., 825 F.2d 320 (11th Cir. 1987) :: 434 Simpson; U.S. v., 929 F.Supp.2d 177 (E.D.N.Y. 2013) :: 404, Silitonga, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 89 (BIA 2009) :: 45, 276, 1479 1376 Sillah v. Davis, 252 F.Supp.2d 589 (W.D. Tenn. 2003) :: 530, Simtion v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 733 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2095 1968, 2106 Sina v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 459 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1001 The Siloam Reformed Church of NY, 2010-PER-770 (July 18, Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola Co., 578 F.3d 1252 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 2011) :: 1679 2147, 2149 Silva, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 778 (BIA 1976) :: 1408 Sinar, Inc., 2011-PER-816 (July 20, 2012) :: 1711 Silva, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 26 (BIA 1976) :: 1818, 1847 S-, Inc., Matter of; Adopted Decision 2018-02 (AAO) (Mar. 23, Silva v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 814, 834, 1031 2018) :: 1174 Silva v. Bell, 605 F.2d 978 (7th Cir. 1979) :: 1426 S- Inc., Matter of; ID# 32073 (AAO Jan. 6, 2017) :: 1180 Silva v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 305 Sinclair, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 613 (BIA 1970) :: 1376 Silva v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 68 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 674, 1994, 1999 Singh, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 331 (BIA 2007) :: 1394 Silva v. U.S., 866 F.3d 938 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 1981, 2134 Singh, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 670 (BIA 2012) :: 319 Silva v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 448 F.3d 1229 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 834, Singh, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 623 (2015) :: 657–58 1048 Singh v. Ashcroft, 301 F.3d 1109 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 987, 1840 Silva-Calderon v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 1135 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2097 Singh v. Ashcroft, 351 F.3d 435 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 880–81, 1935 Silva-Carvalho Lopes v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 156 (2d Cir. 2008) :: Singh v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1152 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1824 719 Singh v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 987 Silva-Hernandez v. USCIS, 701 F.3d 356 (11th Cir. 2012) :: 1058 Singh v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1139 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 696, 1003 Silva-Pereira v. Lynch, 827 F.3d 1176 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 875, 893, Singh v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 638, 1857, 980–81, 2066 1860, 1880 Silva-Rengifo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 473 F.3d 58 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 885 Singh v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 144 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 304, 360 Silva-Rodriguez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 448 (BIA 1992) :: 596, Singh v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1228 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 298, 319, 326, 1760 2083 2584 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Singh v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 903 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 949, 1849, 2101 Singh v. INS, 362 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 471, 1822 Singh v. Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 396 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 889, 932, 994, Singh v. Jutla & C.D. & R's Oil, Inc., 214 F.Supp.2d 1056 (N.D. 1004 Cal. 2002) :: 2248–49 Singh v. Barr, 400 F.Supp.3d 1005 (S.D. Cal. 2019) :: 546, 548 Singh v. Lynch, 802 F.3d 972 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 966, 972 Singh v. Barr, 920 F.3d 255 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 841, 843 Singh v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 988 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 631, 1002 Singh v. Barr, 935 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1031, 2097 Singh v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 880 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1910 Singh v. Barr, 939 F.3d 457 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 321, 871 Singh v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 220 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1879 Singh v. BIA, 435 F.3d 216 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 850 Singh v. Moschorak, 53 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 846 Singh v. BIA, 438 F.3d 145 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 999 Singh v. Moyer, 867 F.2d 1035 (7th Cir. 1989) :: 1161, 2042 Singh v. DHS, 526 F.3d 72 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 127, 130–31, 590, Singh v. Mukasey, 520 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1756 679–80, 685, 689, 1997 Singh v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 1103 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1896 Singh v. DOJ, 461 F.3d 290 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 480, 1394, 1397, Singh v. Mukasey, 536 F.3d 149 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1395, 1967 1402, 2046, 2055 Singh v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 780, 808, 828, Singh v. Enzer, 528 F.Supp.2d 38 (D. Conn. 2007) :: 1975 831, 834, 1007 Singh v. Gantner, 503 F.Supp.2d 592 (E.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 2308 Singh v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 207 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 172, 273, 486, Singh v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 685, 984, 987 497, 983, 986, 993 Singh v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1024 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 592, 1403, Singh v. Napolitano, 619 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 634, 2121 1470, 1786, 1867, 1968 Singh v. Napolitano, 710 F.Supp.2d 123 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 203, Singh v. Gonzales, 406 F.3d 191 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 806, 830 1930, 1951, 1964, 1975, 2017 Singh v. Gonzales, 412 F.3d 1117 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 719, 1828, Singh v. Napolitano, 819 F.Supp.2d 200 (W.D.N.Y. 2011) :: 1055 1863 Singh v. Napolitano, 909 F.Supp.2d 1164 (E.D. Cal. 2012) :: 203, Singh v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 156 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 179, 999, 1930, 1977 1481, 1973, 1996 Singh v. Quarantillo, 92 F.Supp.2d 386 (D.N.J. 2000) :: 592, 1786 Singh v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1824, 1880 Singh v. Reno, 113 F.3d 1512 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 274, 1502 Singh v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 736 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 780 Singh v. Reno, 182 F.3d 504 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 40, 470, 1900, Singh v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 533 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 319, 321, 326, 1978, 2008 2101 Singh v. Sessions, 880 F.3d 220 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 706, 986 Singh v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 484 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 708, 1855, Singh v. Sessions, 898 F.3d 518 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 839, 1040 1879 Singh v. Sessions, 898 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 285, 378 Singh v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 1100 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 977, 997 Singh v. Still, 470 F.Supp.2d 1064 (N.D. Cal. 2007) :: 1915, 1929, Singh v. Gonzales, 448 F.Supp.2d 1214 (W.D. Wash. 2006) :: 1948 755–57 Singh v. Swan, 908 F.Supp. 634 (E.D. Wis. 1995) :: 1824 Singh v. Gonzales, 451 F.3d 400 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 174, 185, 232, Singh v. Tillerson, 271 F.Supp.3d 65 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 2012 1416, 1791, 1962, 2082 Singh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 510 F.Supp. 351 (D.D.C. 1980), aff'd, Singh v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 135 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1471, 1719, 672 F.2d 894 (D.C. Cir. 1981) :: 1608 1737 Singh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 561 F.3d 1275 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 120, Singh v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 1056 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1001 380, 569, 1897, 2037 Singh v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 1019 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 689, 978 Singh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 677 F.3d 503 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 333, 335– Singh v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 709, 1883 36, 346 Singh v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 1170 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1826, 2086 Singh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 807 F.3d 547 (3d Cir. 2015) :: 1747 Singh v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 553 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 979, 1002 Singh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 839 F.3d 273 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 146, 292, Singh v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 644, 1901, 307, 354, 356–57, 359 1912, 1934, 1936, 2108 Singh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 945 F.3d 1310 (11th Cir. 2019) :: 755 Singh v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 2170–71 Singh v. USCIS, 878 F.3d 441 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 1895, 1976 Singh v. Holder, 568 F.3d 525 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 324, 373 Singh; U.S. v., 94 F.Supp.2d 540 (W.D. Pa. 1999) :: 2325 Singh v. Holder, 591 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1395, 1402, Singh; U.S. v., 335 F.3d 1321 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 437 1965, 1969 Singh; U.S. v., 415 F.3d 288 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 495 Singh v. Holder, 638 F.3d 1196 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 471, 516, 518, Singh; U.S. v., 532 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 425 520, 529–30, 1897, 1943, 1969, 2002–3 Singh; U.S. v., 877 F.3d 107 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 449 Singh v. Holder, 638 F.3d 1264 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 589, 958, 988 Singh v. Waters, 87 F.3d 346 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 2039 Singh v. Holder, 643 F.3d 1178 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 977 Singh v. Whitaker, 362 F.Supp.3d 93 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 749 Singh v. Holder, 649 F.3d 1161 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc) :: 862, Singh v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 654 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 835, 839, 844, 865, 951, 953, 958 891 Singh v. Holder, 656 F.3d 1047 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 862–64 Singh v. Wiles, 747 F.Supp.2d 1223 (W.D. Wash. 2010) :: 203, Singh v. Holder, 658 F.3d 879 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 634, 638–39, 1926, 1977 1719, 1737, 1884 Singh-Bhathal v. INS, 170 F.3d 943 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 711, 722, Singh v. Holder, 699 F.3d 321 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 695, 1000 1855 Singh v. Holder, 720 F.3d 635 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 790, 838, 840, Singh-Kaur v. Ashcroft, 385 F.3d 293 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 197–98, 843–44, 1012 851 Singh v. Holder, 749 F.3d 622 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 171, 271, 273, Singh-Kaur v. INS, 183 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 974 474, 583, 702 Singleton v. Apfel, 231 F.3d 853 (11th Cir. 2000) :: 2175 Singh v. Holder, 750 F.3d 84 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 849 Singleton v. Wulff, 428 U.S. 106 (1976) :: 2020 Singh v. Holder, 753 F.3d 826 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 838 Sinha, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 758 (RC 1964) :: 1546 Singh v. Holder, 764 F.3d 1153 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 806, 829 Sinha v. Holder, 564 F.3d 1015 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 795, 802, 1005 Singh v. ICE, 771 F.Supp.2d 372 (D.N.J. 2011) :: 752 Siniauskas, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 207 (BIA 2018) :: 515 Singh v. Ilchert, 63 F.3d 1501 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 776 Sinistaj v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 516 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1857, 1859 Singh v. Ilchert, 784 F.Supp. 759 (N.D. Cal. 1992) :: 2031 Sinotes-Cruz v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 680, Singh v. Ilchert, 801 F.Supp. 313 (N.D. Cal. 1992), aff'd, 69 F.3d 1746, 1748, 2120 375 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 788, 837, 1016 Sinurat v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 59 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 964, 1043 Singh v. INS, 94 F.3d 1353 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 792, 802, 847 Sioe Tjen Wong v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 539 F.3d 225 (3d Cir. 2008) :: Singh v. INS, 213 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2000), rev'g Matter of B-A- 848, 1007 S-, 22 I&N Dec. 57 (BIA 1998) :: 720, 2048 Siong v. INS, 376 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 640, 855, 1820, Singh v. INS, 292 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 685 1857, 1860 Singh v. INS, 295 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 721, 723 Sipayung v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 18 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1013, 1044 Singh v. INS, 315 F.3d 1186 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 2086 Siqing Wang v. USCIS, 306 F.Supp.3d 1 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 634, Singh v. INS, 328 F.3d 1205 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 687 1593, 2065 TABLE OF CASES 2585

Siqing Wang v. USCIS, 366 F.Supp.3d 118 (D.D.C. 2019) :: Smith v. Gonzales, 468 F.3d 272 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 381 1563, 1926, 2056 Smith v. Holder, 627 F.3d 427 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1034, 1859, 1861, Sirbu v. Holder, 718 F.3d 655 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 946, 1041 1874, 1886, 2057 Sirhan, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 592 (BIA 1970) :: 376, 384, 395 Smith v. ICE, 429 F.Supp.3d 742 (D. Colo. 2019) :: 618 Sirsal, Inc. & Vijay Gunturu; Administrator v., 2011-LCA-1 (July Smith v. INS, 684 F.Supp. 1113 (D. Mass. 1988) :: 40, 44, 1403 27, 2012), aff'd, ARB No. 12-102 (ARB Jan. 28, 2015) :: Smith v. South Dakota, 781 F.Supp.2d 879 (D.S.D. 2011) :: 38, 1197, 1203, 1209, 1214 41 Sisfontes v. Pavan Kuchana, 2007-LCA-14 , ARB No. 07-107 Smith v. Turner, see Passenger Cases (ARB Aug. 31, 2009) :: 1170, 1199, 1218 Smith v. U.S., 873 F.3d 1348 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 2136 Sisse v. Moniz, 388 F.Supp.3d 63 (D. Mass. 2019) :: 765 Smith; U.S. v., 27 F.3d 649 (D.C. Cir. 1994) :: 459 Sisso v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 448 F.Supp.2d 76 (D.D.C. 2006) Smith & Armendariz, In re; Report No. 81/10 Interamerican Com- :: 2150, 2155 mission on Human Rights (July 12, 2010) :: 579 Sissoko v. Rocha, 509 F.3d 947 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 550, 1906, Smith-Baltiher; U.S. v., 424 F.3d 913 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 403–4, 1981, 1984, 2140–41 2280 Site Scapes, LLC, 2010-PER-1301 (Aug. 29, 2011) :: 1611 S-M-J-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 722 (BIA 1997) :: 652, 776, 948, Siu Ling Chen v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 861 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 2125 950, 952, 956, 962 Sivakaran v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 1028 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 932, 1004 Smolniakova v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 787, Sivasankar v. Strategic Staffing Solutions, 14 OCAHO no. 1354 832, 836, 956, 979, 990, 997, 1011, 1014, 1400, 2098 (Apr. 24, 2020) :: 2272 Smriko, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 836 (BIA 2005) :: 1062, 2073 Siwan & Sons, Inc. d/b/a Subway #35029 & Subway #23095 10 Smriko v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 279 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 139, 1814, OCAHO no. 1179 (May 3; U.S. v., 2013) :: 2225–26 2066, 2081 Siwe v. Holder, 742 F.3d 603 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 1054, 1062, 2097 Smykiene v. Holder, 707 F.3d 785 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 714 Sizzler Restaurants, Inc., 1988-INA-123 (1989) :: 1656 S-N-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 73 (AG 1954) :: 275, 1791 S&J Co. Upholstery, 2013-PER-1116 (Dec. 6, 2017) :: 1650 Snack Attack Deli, Inc. d/b/a Subway Restaurant #3718; U.S. v., Sjogreen v. Reno, 943 F.Supp. 29 (D.D.C. 1996) :: 766 10 OCAHO no. 1137 (Dec. 22, 2010) :: 2213, 2217, 2225– S-J-T-, Matter of; ID# 16768 (AAO TSC Apr. 19, 2016) :: 1852 27, 2229–30 S-K-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 936 (BIA 2006) :: 195, 197–98, 281, Snajder v. INS, 29 F.3d 1203 (7th Cir. 1994) :: 1792 851, 876–77 Snapnames.com v. Chertoff, No. CV 06-65-MO, 2006 WL S-K-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 289 (AG 2007) :: 197, 281, 852, 3491005 (D. Or. Nov. 30, 2006) :: 1530, 1543 876–77 S.N.C. v. Sessions, 325 F.Supp.3d 401 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: 765– S-K-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 475 (BIA 2008) :: 205–6, 281, 877 66, 1941 S-K-, Matter of; ID# 2794551 (AAO Apr. 23, 2019) :: 1521 Snellenberger; U.S. v., 548 F.3d 699 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc) :: Skelly v. INS, 168 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 1999) :: 1782 321, 679, 682 Skidmore :: 898, 2080 Snider v. Seung Lee, 584 F.3d 193 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 2139 Skidmore v. Swift & Co. 323 U.S. 134 (1944) :: 898, 2079–80 SNS Enterprises, Inc., 2013-PED-3 (Sept. 24, 2013) :: 646, 1646, Skin Cancer & Cosmetic Dermatology Ctr. P.C., 2009-PER-72 1659, 1711 (June 23, 2009) :: 1622 SNW Infotech, Inc., 2017-PER-255 (May 31, 2018) :: 1645 Skinner v. DOJ, 584 F.3d 1093 (D.C. Cir. 2009) :: 621 So v. Reno, 251 F.Supp.2d 1112 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) :: 1939, 1941, Skinner v. DOJ, 893 F.Supp.2d 109 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 613 2033, 2038 Skirball Cultural Ctr., Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 799 (AAO 2012) :: Soadjede v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 830 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 1813 666, 1276 Sobaleva v. Holder, 760 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 946, 1842 SK&NKU, Inc. Matter of (AAO Oct. 30, 2015) :: 1179 Soberanes v. Comfort, 388 F.3d 1305 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 261, Skorusa v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 939 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 619 545, 548, 2003 Skurtu v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 651 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 2085 Socarras v. DHS, 672 F.Supp.2d 1320 (S.D. Fla. 2009) :: 2297 Skutnik v. INS, 128 F.3d 512 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 1963 Socop-Gonzalez v. INS, 272 F.3d 1176 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc) Skydive Acad. Of Haw., Inc.; U.S. v., 6 OCAHO no. 848 (1996) :: :: 571, 1793–94, 1880, 2010, 2060 2227 Sodette Simeonidis, 2013-TLN-55 (July 2, 2013) :: 1255 SKZ Harvesting, Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1266 (2016) :: Sodhi v. Maricopa Cnty. Special Health Care Dist., 9 OCAHO no. 2186, 2189, 2196–97, 2220–21, 2228–29 1124 (Nov. 28, 2007) :: 2264 S-L-L-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 1 (BIA 2006) :: 1026–27 Sodhi v. Maricopa Cnty. Special Health Care Dist., 10 OCAHO Sloan, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 840 (AG 1968) :: 141, 390 no. 1127 (Oct. 15, 2008) :: 2257, 2271, 2273 Sluss v. DOJ, 898 F.3d 1242 (D.C. Cir. 2018) :: 462 Sodipo v. Rosenberg, 77 F.Supp.3d 997 (N.D. Cal. 2015) :: 1536, Sluss v. USCIS, 899 F.Supp.2d 37 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 2328 2044 Slyper v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 827 F.2d 821 (D.C. Cir. 1987) :: 1161, Soeung v. Holder, 677 F.3d 484 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 954 2042 Soffici, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 158 (AC 1998) :: 1563, 1566–67, Slyusar v. Holder, 740 F.3d 1068 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 1000 1569, 1580–81 S-M-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 49 (BIA 1998) :: 722 Sofia's Ristorante Italiano, 1998-INA-238 (BALCA May 21, 1999) Smalbein v. City of Daytona Beach, 353 F.3d 901 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 1204 :: 2168 Sofinet v. INS, 188 F.3d 703 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 2090 Small, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 448 (BIA 2002) :: 305, 326 Sofinet v. INS, 196 F.3d 742 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 793, 1009, 1742 Small v. U.S., 544 U.S. 385 (2005) :: 2116 Softpath Sys., LLC, 2012-PER-3118 (June 9, 2016) :: 1623 Smalley v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 332 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 128, 142–43, Software Analysts Corp., 2015-PER-43 (Jan. 23, 2019) :: 1628 150 S-O-G- & F-D-B-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 462 (AG 2018) :: 566 Smart v. Ashcroft, 401 F.3d 119 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 2286 S-O-K-, Matter of; ID# 1864546 (AAO Feb. 13, 2019) :: 1538 Smart v. Shalala, 9 F.3d 921 (11th Cir. 1993) :: 1507 Sok v. Mukasey, 526 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 786, 964, 988, Smartzip Analytics, 2016-PER-695 (Nov. 9, 2016) :: 1615 992, 1009 Smedberg v. Donovan, 730 F.2d 1089 (7th Cir. 1984) :: 1714 Sok v. Mukasey, 541 F.3d 43 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 695, 1043 Smedberg Machine & Tool, Inc. v. Donovan, 730 F.2d 1089 (7th Sokolov v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 566 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1971, 1975 Cir. 1984) :: 2174 Sokolow v. Palestine Liberation Organization, 583 F.Supp.2d 451 Smiley v. U.S., 181 F.2d 505 (9th Cir. 1950) :: 2339 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 2142 Smirnov v. Clinton, 487 F.App'x 582 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 1436 Sokolow; U.S. v., 490 U.S. 1 (1989) :: 494 Smith v. Ashcroft, 295 F.3d 425 (4th Cir. 2002) :: 478, 1726, Sokpa-Anku v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 793 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 333–34 1757, 1939, 1990, 2038 Sol v. INS, 274 F.3d 648 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 1936, 1962 Smith v. CBP, 741 F.3d 1016 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 248, 1907, 1946, Sola v. Holder, 720 F.3d 1134 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1997 1984, 2102 Solano-Chicas v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 1050 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 132, Smith v. Conner, 250 F.3d 277 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 1820 1830 2586 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Solano-Godines; U.S. v., 120 F.3d 957 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 459, Sosa; U.S. v., 387 F.3d 131 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 412–13, 419, 2010– 479, 670–71 11 Solano-Hernandez; U.S. v., 847 F.3d 170 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 364 Sosa-Hernandez, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 758 (BIA 1993) :: 1743, Solano-Rosales; U.S. v., 781 F.3d 345 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 398, 460, 1791–92, 1804 749 Sosa-Martinez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 420 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2005) SolarCity, 2012-PER-3119 (Feb. 1, 2017) :: 1661–62, 1698 :: 132 Solar Turbines, 2016-PER-25 (June 2, 2017) :: 1615 Sosa-Perez v. Sessions, 884 F.3d 74 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 833, 1008 Solectron Corp., 2003-INA-143 (Aug. 12, 2004) :: 1609 Sosa-Valenzuela v. Gonzales, 483 F.3d 1140 (10th Cir. 2007) :: Soleimani, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 99 (BIA 1989) :: 686, 853, 926, 1830 947 Sosa-Valenzuela v. Holder, 692 F.3d 1103 (10th Cir. 2012) :: Soliman, In re; 134 F.Supp.2d 1238 (N.D. Ala. 2001) :: 263 1758, 1835, 1862, 1888, 1964, 1974 Soliman v. Gonzales, 419 F.3d 276 (4th Cir. 2005) :: 330–31, Sosa Ventura, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 391 (BIA 2010) :: 898 337, 360 Soskin v. Reinertson, 353 F.3d 1242 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 1511 Soliman v. U.S., 296 F.3d 1237 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 263, 2028, Sosna v. Iowa, 419 U.S. 393 (1975) :: 2031–32, 2106 2033 Sosnovskaia v. Gonzales, 421 F.3d 589 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 661, Solis v. Cissna, 2019 WL 8219790 (D.S.C. July 11, 2019) :: 1354, 967, 1041, 1846 1360, 1927 Sotelo, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 201 (BIA 2001) :: 1759 Solis v. Holder, 647 F.3d 831 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1778 Sotelo v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 968 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1784 Solis v. Mukasey, 515 F.3d 832 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 872 Sotelo; U.S. v., 109 F.3d 1446 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 573 Solis-Campozano; U.S. v., 312 F.3d 164 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 449 Sotelo-Aquije v. Slattery, 17 F.3d 33 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 2041 Solis-Chavez v. Holder, 662 F.3d 462 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 300, 391, Sotelo-Aquije v. Slattery, 62 F.3d 54 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 2171 570, 633, 639, 650, 2114 Sotelo-Salgado; U.S. v., 201 F.Supp.2d 957 (S.D. Iowa 2002) :: Solis-Espinoza v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 408 2282–83 Sotnikau v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 731 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 125, 130, 136 Solis-Muela v. INS, 13 F.3d 372 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 176 Soto v. Contreras, 880 F.3d 706 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 188 Soliz; U.S. v., 129 F.3d 499 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 670 Soto v. DOS, 118 F.Supp.3d 355 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 606, 1085 Sollazzo v. Esperdy, 285 F.2d 341 (2d Cir. 1961) :: 141 Soto v. DOS, 244 F.Supp.3d 207 (D.D.C. 2017) :: 620 Solomon, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 388 (AG 1977) :: 659 Soto v. Holder, 736 F.3d 1009 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1746 Solomon v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1160 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 997 Soto; U.S. v., 106 F.3d 1040 (1st Cir. 1997) :: 403 Solon, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 239 (BIA 2007) :: 123, 129, 131 Soto; U.S. v., 649 F.3d 406 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 494 Solorio v. Lynch, 194 F.Supp.3d 1038 (E.D. Cal. 2016) :: 39, Soto-Castelo; U.S. v., 621 F.Supp.2d 1062 (D. Nev. 2008) :: 310, 1329 419, 724 Solorio-Ruiz v. Sessions, 881 F.3d 733 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 325 Soto-Hernandez v. Holder, 729 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 315, 693 Solorzano-Patlan v. INS, 207 F.3d 869 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 325, 327 Soto-Hernandez v. INS, 726 F.2d 1070 (5th Cir. 1984) :: 388 Solorzano-Rivera; U.S. v., 368 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 430 Soto-Mateo; U.S. v., 799 F.3d 117 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 411 Soltane v. DOJ, 381 F.3d 143 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1457, 1546–47, Soto-Olarte v. Holder, 555 F.3d 1089 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 977, 996, 1966 1840, 2096 Solutions Grp. Int'l LLC; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1288 (Sept. 29, Soto-Ornelas; U.S. v., 863 F.2d 1487 (10th Cir. 1988) :: 648 2016) :: 2224 Sou v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1009, 1044 Somakoko v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 882 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1987 Soueiti; U.S. v., 154 F.3d 1018 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 2174 Sombah v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 49 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1043 Soule, Blake & Wechsler, Inc., 2008-PER-184 (Mar. 31, 2009) :: Somir v. U.S., 354 F.Supp.2d 215 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 567, 1940– 1618 42, 1983 Souley v. Holder, 779 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 592 Sompotan v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 63 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 791, 834 Soumahoro v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 732 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 956 Sonegawa, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 612 (RC 1967) :: 1604, 1606 Soundview Petroleum, Inc., 2016-PER-26 (Mar. 31, 2017) :: Soneji v. DHS, 525 F.Supp.2d 1151 (N.D. Cal. 2007) :: 1915, 1646, 1651 1928, 1948 Souqi, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 390 (RC 1973) :: 1502 Song, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 173 (BIA 2001) :: 284, 368, 379, Souratgar v. Fair, 720 F.3d 96 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 188 397 Souratgar v. Fair, 818 F.3d 72 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 187 Song, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 488 (BIA 2018) :: 110, 1330 Sousa v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 271 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 717 Song Wang v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 615 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1001 Sousa v. INS, 226 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 370 Sonmez; U.S. v., 777 F.3d 684 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 1420 South African Apartheid Litigation, In re; 56 F.Supp.3d 331 Sony Computer Entertainment America LLC, 2014-PER-635 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 2146 (Aug. 20, 2015) :: 1616 South Carolina; U.S. v., 720 F.3d 518 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 49, 53 Sook Young Hong v. Napolitano, 772 F.Supp.2d 1270 (D. Haw. South Carolina; U.S. v., 906 F.Supp.2d 463 (D.S.C. 2013) :: 53 2011) :: 1380 Southeastern Pediatric & Adolescent Med., Matter of; LIN 02-111- Soram, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 378 (BIA 2010) :: 298–99 54784 (AAO Feb. 10, 2003) :: 1159 Sorcia v. Holder, 643 F.3d 117 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 2093 Southern Occasions Catering, LLC, 2009-PER-11 (Jan. 9, 2009) Sorenson v. Mink, 239 F.3d 1140 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 2176 :: 1618, 1625 Soriano, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 764 (BIA 1988) :: 1413, 1453, Southern Poverty Law Ctr. v. DHS, 2020 WL 3265533 (D.D.C. 1838, 1850 June 17, 2020) :: 88, 267, 939 Soriano v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 318 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 172 Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance v. Dabney, 222 F.3d 819 Soriano v. Holder, 569 F.3d 1162 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 819 (10th Cir. 2000) :: 2079 Soriano; People v., 240 Cal. Rptr. 328 (1987) :: 387 South Miami, City of, v. DeSantis, 408 F.Supp.3d 1266 (S.D. Fla. Soriano Nunez; U.S. v., 928 F.3d 240 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 540 2019) :: 52 Soriano-Vino v. Holder, 653 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 181, Southpoint Seafood Market, 1987-INA-614 (Jan. 20, 1988) :: 1440 1696 Soroa-Gonzalez v. Civiletti, 515 F.Supp. 1049 (N.D. Ga. 1981) :: Southstar Fire Protection, Co., 2012-PER-3304 (June 20, 2017) :: 258, 261 1695, 1697 S-O-S-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 107 (BIA 1998) :: 1493 South Valley Drywall, Inc., 2007-INA-272 (Jan. 16, 2008) :: 1649, Sosa, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 572 (BIA 1976) :: 77, 273 1687 Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 542 U.S. 692 (2004) :: 579, 2136, 2143 Southwest Envtl. Ctr. v. Sessions, 355 F.Supp.3d 1121 (D.N.M. Sosa v. Barr, 369 F.Supp.3d 492 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1099, 1448, 2018) :: 2022 1551 Southwest Marine Corp.; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 429 (May 15, Sosa v. U.S. Postal Serv., 1 OCAHO no. 115 (Dec. 15, 1989) :: 1992) :: 2255–56, 2262, 2272 2262 Southwest Ranches, Town of, v. DHS, 2016 WL 4264049 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 8, 2016) :: 598 TABLE OF CASES 2587

Souza, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 1 (RC 1972) :: 1327 S-S-, Matter of; ID# 702214 (AAO Sept. 21, 2017) :: 1538 Sovich v. Esperdy, 319 F.2d 21 (2d Cir. 1963) :: 797 S-S-, Matter of; ID# 1949835 (AAO Jan. 23, 2019) :: 231 Sow v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 953 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1002 Ssali v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 556 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 592, 980, 996, Sow v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 949 F.3d 1312 (11th Cir. 2020) :: 634, 1403, 1786, 1843, 1845, 1867 638–39, 1036 SS Captain Demosthenes, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 345 (BIA 1969) Sowe v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1281 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 838, 841, 844, :: 1838 966 SS Florida, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 111 (AG 1954) :: 464 S-P-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 486 (BIA 1996) :: 808, 829 S-S-S-, Matter of; ID# 14344 (AAO TSC June 21, 2016) :: 1423 Spacek v. Holder, 688 F.3d 536 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 74, 227, 332, Sswajje v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 528 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 1820 1477 Stabler; U.S. v., 169 F.2d 995 (3d Cir. 1948) :: 2322 Spaho v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 837 F.3d 1172 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 310, Staffing Servs., 2005-INA-62 (2007) :: 1694 312–13, 348, 352 Staff Mgmt. v. Jimenez, 839 N.W.2d 640 (Iowa 2013) :: 2250 Sparrow, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 920 (BIA 1994) :: 648, 658–59 Stanciu v. Holder, 659 F.3d 203 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 997 Spate Bus. Solutions, LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2019-LCA-2 Standard Brewery; U.S. v., 251 U.S. 210 (1920) :: 2109 (Aug. 12, 2019) :: 1213, 1216, 1218 Standard Drywall, 1988-INA-99 (BALCA 1988) :: 1204 Spaulding v. Mayorkas, 725 F.Supp.2d 303 (D. Conn. 2010) :: Standard Oil Co., 1988-INA-77 (1988) :: 1656 2334 Standt v. City of New York, 153 F.Supp.2d 417 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) :: Spears v. U.S., 555 U.S. 261 (2009) (per curiam) :: 445 2130, 2161 Spectrum Health Med. Grp., 2010-PER-1221 (Nov. 27, 2012) :: Stanford Sign & Awning, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1145 (Mar. 1621 8, 2012) :: 2208, 2216 Spectrum Health Med. Grp., 2016-PER-861 (Feb. 19, 2020) :: Stanford Sign & Awning, Inc.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1152 (June 1664 21, 2012) :: 2217, 2227, 2232 Spectrum Technical Staffing Servs., Inc., & Personnel Plus, Inc.; Stankovic v. INS, 94 F.3d 1117 (7th Cir. 1996) :: 1827, 2053 U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1291 (Nov. 10, 2016) :: 2185 Stanley; U.S. v., 483 U.S. 669 (1987) :: 2137 Speedy Gonzalez Constr., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1228 Stanojkova v. Holder, 645 F.3d 943 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 785 (Sept. 19, 2014) :: 2187, 2204, 2212, 2218, 2220 Stanovsek v. Holder, 768 F.3d 515 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 74, 227, Speedy Gonzalez Constr., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1243 1477, 2070 (Feb. 4, 2015) :: 2217 Stansell v. Republic of Cuba, 217 F.Supp.3d 320 (D.D.C. 2016) :: Spencer v. NLRB, 712 F.2d 539 (D.C. Cir. 1983) :: 2165 2158 Spencer Enterprises, Inc. v. U.S., 345 F.3d 683 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Stansell v. Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, 771 F.3d 1456, 1496, 1593, 1965, 2113 713 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 2153 Speridian Technologies a/k/a Karma Consulting SVC, 2013-PER- Stanton v. Sims, 134 S.Ct. 3 (2013) :: 2162 1352 (Sept. 28, 2018) :: 1631 Stanton v. Stanton, 421 U.S. 7 (1975) :: 38 Sperry v. Florida ex rel. Florida Bar, 373 U.S. 379 (1963) :: 653 Starks; U.S. v., 861 F.3d 306 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 125 Spiess v. C. Itoh & Co., 643 F.2d 353 (5th Cir. 1981), vacated on Star World Home Health Care Serv., Inc., 2013-PER-2322 (Feb. other grounds, 457 U.S. 1128 (1982) :: 1309 27, 2018) :: 1661 Spiliopoulos, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 561 (BIA 1978) :: 520 Stasinski, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 202 (BIA 1965) :: 140 Spina v. DHS, 470 F.3d 116 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 694, 1728, 1755– State, Department of (DOS), see other party 56, 2038, 2091, 2112 State ex rel., see Real Party in Interest S-P-, Inc.,Matter of; Adopted Decision 2018-01 (AAO Mar. 19, State of, see name of state 2018) :: 1283, 1526 State v., see other party Spirent Commc'ns, Inc., formerly d/b/a Metrico Wireless, Inc., Statewide Bonding v. DHS, 422 F.Supp.3d 35 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 2013-PER-2757 (May 18, 2017) :: 1647 532, 1851 Spires Restaurant, 2009-PER-125 (Aug. 25, 2009) :: 1623 Statewide Bonding v. DHS, 422 F.Supp.3d 42 (D.D.C. 2019) :: Spirit Lake Tribe v. North Dakota, 262 F.3d 732 (8th Cir. 2001) :: 532 1921 St. Croix Personnel Servs., Inc.; U.S. v., 12 OCAHO no. 1289 Split Rail Fence Co.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1181 (May 13, (Sept. 30, 2016) :: 2222, 2226 2013), aff'd on other grounds, 852 F.3d 1228 (10th Cir. St. Cyr; INS v., 533 U.S. 289 (2001) :: 47, 370, 467, 477, 637, 2017) :: 2209 693, 1725, 1749, 1751–53, 1909, 1911, 1931–32, 1935, Split Rail Fence Co., Inc. v. U.S., 852 F.3d 1228 (10th Cir. 2017) 1943, 1961, 1965, 1978, 1991–92, 2069, 2081, 2083, 2108, :: 2198 2111, 2119 Split Rail Fence Co., Inc.; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1216 (Apr. 10, Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env't, 523 U.S. 83 (1998) :: 2011 2014) :: 2221 Steele v. Blackman, 236 F.3d 130 (3d Cir. 2001) :: 149, 309, 362, Split Rail Fencing Co., Inc. v. U.S., 852 F.3d 1228 (10th Cir. 1939, 2030, 2038, 2091 2017) :: 2193, 2212, 2221 Steel, Tool & Eng'g Co., 2004-INA-45 (Nov. 16, 1994) :: 1665 Spot Free Inc., 2009-PER-361 (Sept. 14, 2009) :: 1624 Steevenez v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 840, 1999 Spring Branch Indep. Sch. Dist., 2012-PER-1160 (Mar. 10, 2016) Stefanoff v. Hays Cnty., Tex., 154 F.3d 523 (5th Cir. 1998) :: 263 :: 1628 Steiben v. INS, 932 F.2d 1225 (8th Cir. 1991), see Wrangler's Spring & Soon Fashion, Inc.; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1003 (1998) Country Cafe :: 2185 Steinhouse v. Ashcroft, 247 F.Supp.2d 201 (D. Conn. 2003) :: Sprint Nextel Corp., 2015-PER-377 (Mar. 22, 2019) :: 1635 878 Sprint Nextel Corp., 2015-PER-570 (June 25, 2019) :: 1635, 1662 Steinle v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 230 F.Supp.3d 994 (N.D. Spyropolos v. INS, 590 F.2d 1 (1st Cir. 1978) :: 1607 Cal. 2017) :: 50, 2135 SQL Techs., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2016-LCA-8 (June 14, Steinle v. City & County of San Francisco, 919 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1218 2019) :: 536 Squires v. INS, 689 F.2d 1276 (6th Cir. 1982) :: 122 Stein, Sperling, Bennett, De Jong, Driscoll, 2012-PER-650 (Jan. Sran AG, 2013-PER-1882 (Nov. 2, 2017) :: 1645 8, 2016) :: 1667 Srikanth Dola v. Infoamerica, 2006-LCA-11 (Apr. 6, 2007) :: Stellar IT Solutions, Inc. v. USCIS, No. 18-2015 (RC), 2018 WL 1197–98 6047413 (D.D.C. Nov. 19, 2018) :: 161, 1176, 1180, 1918, Sriniasan, Matter of; No. A23-192-575 (C.O. 1982) :: 1121 1925, 2002, 2010, 2025 SRT IT, Inc., 2015-PER-557 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: 1637 Stelmokas; U.S. v., 100 F.3d 302 (3d Cir. 1996) :: 2323 SRT IT, Inc., 2015-PER-574 (May 30, 2019) :: 1634 Stengraphic Machines, Inc. v. Regional Adm'r for Emp't & Train- SRV Pizza, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2014-LCA-22 (Oct. 25, ing, 577 F.2d 521 (7th Cir. 1978) :: 1714, 2025 2017) :: 1218 Stepanovic v. Filip, 554 F.3d 673 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1768, 1971 S-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 121 (BIA 1995) :: 924, 1839 Stepanovic v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 653 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 2089 S-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 900 (BIA 1997) :: 151, 284, 323, 367 Step by Step Day Care LLC, 2012-PER-737 (Sept. 25, 2015) :: S-S-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 458 (BIA 1999) :: 872, 874 1686 2588 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Sterkaj v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 273 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 921, 1000 Students Against Genocide v. DOS, 257 F.3d 828 (D.C. Cir. Sterling 5, Inc., 2015-PER-683 (June 25, 2019) :: 1650 2001) :: 612 Sterling Mgmt. Sys., 1989-INA-216 (1991) :: 1682 Stultz, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 362 (AG 1975) :: 1375 Stevens v. Holder, 950 F.Supp.2d 1282 (N.D. Ga. 2013) :: 630, Stump v. Stump, No. 1:04-CV-253-TS, 2005 WL 1290658 (N.D. 1954, 2024 Ind. May 27, 2005) :: 115 Stevens v. ICE, 432 F.Supp.3d 752 (N.D. Ill. 2020) :: 604, 615 Stump v. Stump, No. 1:04-CV-253-TS, 2005 WL 2757329 (N.D. Stevens v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 877 F.3d 1293 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 731, Ind. Oct. 25, 2005) :: 115–16 1956, 2017, 2164 Suarez; U.S. v., 664 F.3d 655 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 2299, 2324 Stevenson; U.S. v., 274 F.Supp.2d 819 (S.D. Tex. 2002) :: 501 Suarez-Diaz v. Holder, 771 F.3d 935 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 474, 589, Steve's Bakery & Cuchifrito Corp., 2010-PER-844 (Mar. 9, 2011) 894 :: 1620, 1709 Suarez-Rosario; U.S. v., 237 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 438 Stevic; INS v., 467 U.S. 407 (1984) :: 869, 934, 946 Suarez-Valenzuela v. Holder, 714 F.3d 241 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 885, Stewart v. INS, 181 F.3d 587 (4th Cir. 1999) :: 643, 1720, 1967, 892, 2036 1977, 1979, 1983 Suassuna v. INS, 342 F.3d 578 (6th Cir. 2003) :: 1746, 1782 Stewart; U.S. v., 744 F.3d 17 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 434 Suazo; People v., 118 N.E.3d 168 (N.Y. 2018) :: 387, 462 St. Francis Cabrini Immigr. Law Ctr., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 445 Suazo Perez v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 1222 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 324, (BIA 2014) :: 654 364, 387, 682 St. Francis College v. Al-Khazraji, 481 U.S. 604 (1987) :: 2131 Subhan v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 591 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 588–90, 592– Stinson; U.S. v., 97 F.3d 466 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 378 94, 1486, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1977 Stitt; U.S. v., 586 U.S. __, 139 S.Ct. 399 (2018) :: 322, 327 Subhashini Software Solutions, 2007-PER-39, 41, 42, 52, 53 Stive v. U.S., 366 F.3d 520 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2179 (Dec. 10, 2007) :: 1614, 1633, 1674 St. John, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 593 (BIA 1996) :: 294 Subhashini Software Solutions, 2007-PER-43, 44, 46 (Dec. 18, St. John v. McElroy, 917 F.Supp. 243 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) :: 254, 549 2007) :: 1616, 1621 St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church v. Novak, No. 00- Subpoena of, see name of party CV-745 (N.D.N.Y. 2000) :: 1546 Succar v. Ashcroft, 394 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 45, 276, 637, St. Joseph's Hospital, 2013-PER-2381 (July 23, 2015) :: 1616 1478, 1725, 1915, 1973, 1977, 2071 S.T.K. Indus., Inc., 2011-PER-1306 (June 12, 2012) :: 1660 Suchite v. Kleppin, 784 F.Supp.2d 1343 (S.D. Fla. 2011) :: 2248 St. Louis, S.F. & T.R. Co.; U.S. v., 270 U.S. 1 (1926) :: 2116 Suchite v. Kleppin, 819 F.Supp.2d 1284 (S.D. Fla. 2011) :: 2248 St. Mary's Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502 (1993) :: 2271 Suchow v. USCIS, 542 F.Supp.2d 673 (E.D. Mich. 2008) :: 2331 ST Mobile Aerospace Eng'g, Inc., 2009-PER-429 (July 9, 2010) :: Sucki; U.S. v., 748 F.Supp. 66 (E.D.N.Y. 1990) :: 142 1671 Sudan v. Harrison, 139 S.Ct. 1048 (2019) :: 2155 Stockwell, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 309 (BIA 1991) :: 1399, 1472, Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634 (1973) :: 54 1481, 1584, 1785 Sugay, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 637 (BIA 1981) :: 517, 521 Stokeling v. U.S., 139 S.Ct. 544 (2019) :: 317–18, 323 Sugiarto v. Holder, 586 F.3d 90 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 834, 1043 Stokes v. INS, 393 F.Supp. 24 (S.D.N.Y. 1975) :: 1414 Sugiarto v. Holder, 761 F.3d 102 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1876 Stolaj v. Holder, 577 F.3d 651 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 619, 1054, 1495 Sugule v. Frazier, 639 F.3d 406 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1602, 1968, Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386 (1995) :: 1859, 2058, 2095 2065 Stonefish; U.S. v., 402 F.3d 691 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 426 Suh, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 626 (BIA 2003) :: 394 Stone Tech Fabrication, 2008-PER-187 (Jan. 5, 2009) :: 1618, Suhail Najim Abdullah Al Shimari v. CACI Premier, 300 1633 F.Supp.3d 758 (E.D. Va. 2018) :: 2147, 2149 Stone Well Servs., Inc., 2012-PER-339 (Sept. 29, 2015) :: 1650 Su Hwa She v. Holder, 629 F.3d 958 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 854, 931, Storment, In re; 873 S.W.2d 227 (Mo. 1994) :: 655 973, 979 Stowers, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 605 (BIA 1999) :: 1394, 1398, Sui v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 863 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1028 1400 Sui v. INS, 250 F.3d 105 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 336, 340, 2085 Stoyanov v. INS, 149 F.3d 1226 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1049 Suisa v. Holder, 609 F.3d 314 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 1483, 1971, 2074 Stoyanov v. INS, 172 F.3d 731 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 685, 980, 1840 Suite v. INS, 594 F.2d 972 (3d Cir. 1979) :: 176 St. Pierre, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 308 (RC 1982) :: 1167–68 Sukhov v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 568 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1886 St. Pierre v. Nielsen, 357 F.Supp.3d 432 (M.D. Pa. 2018) :: 898, Sukwanputra v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 627 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 678, 1339 727, 836, 847, 862, 994, 1905, 1986 Strait v. Laird, 406 U.S. 341 (1972) :: 1939 Sulaiman v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 347 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 663, 1044 Strange v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 320 F.Supp.3d 92 (D.D.C. Sulaiman v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 212 F.Supp.2d 413 (E.D. Pa. 2002) 2018) :: 2154 :: 932 Strano Farms, In re Investigation of; 3 OCAHO no. 521 (1993) :: Sulayman v. Obama, 729 F.Supp.2d 26 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 553 2265 Suleiman v. Obama, 670 F.3d 1311 (D.C. Cir. 2012) :: 552 Strates Shows, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. 15-069, Sulit v. Schiltgen, 213 F.3d 449 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 571, 1495, 1793 2014-TNE-016 (Aug. 16, 2017) :: 1249 Sullivan v. Hudson, 490 U.S. 877 (1989) :: 569, 2124, 2169, 2174 Strato v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 651 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1886 Sullivan v. Republic of Cuba, 289 F.Supp.3d 231 (D. Me. 2018) :: Straube v. Chertoff, 560 F.Supp.2d 983 (N.D. Cal. 2008) :: 530, 2159 549, 1946 Sullivan v. Sullivan, 958 F.2d 574 (4th Cir. 1992) :: 2176 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) :: 384 Sultaliev v. Rodriguez, 263 F.Supp.3d 352 (D. Mass. 2017) :: Stroe v. INS, 256 F.3d 498 (7th Cir. 2001) :: 479, 632, 643, 659, 1961, 1967, 2018 1818 Sultani v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 878 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 853, 855 Stroni v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 82 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 998 Sum v. Holder, 602 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 75, 227, 1463 Struckman; U.S. v., 611 F.3d 560 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 42 Suma Fruit Int'l USA, Inc., 1991-INA-47 (Feb. 3, 1993) :: 1698 Struniak v. Lynch, 159 F.Supp.3d 643 (E.D. Va. 2016) :: 1330, Sumbundu v. Holder, 602 F.3d 47 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1731, 1780, 1962, 2115, 2122 1897, 1967, 1973 Strunk v. DOS, 770 F.Supp.2d 10 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 605 Sumeru Inc., 2013-PER-1241 (Apr. 24, 2017) :: 1668 Strunk v. DOS, 845 F.Supp.2d 38 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 616 Sumitomo Shoji Am., Inc. v. Avagliano, 457 U.S. 176 (1982) :: Strunk v. DOS, 905 F.Supp.2d 142 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 233, 613 1309, 2251 Struzik; U.S. v., 572 F.3d 484 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 457 Summart 374, 2000-INA-93 (May 15, 2000) :: 1685 Strydom, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 507 (BIA 2011) :: 300, 2076 Summers; U.S. v., 153 F.Supp.3d 1261 (S.D. Cal. 2015) :: 501, Stryker Med., a Div. of Stryker Corp., 2012-PER-1776 (Mar. 11, 505 2016) :: 1628 Summerville at Garden Manor, 2003-INA-257 (Sept. 9, 2004) :: Stserba v. Holder, 646 F.3d 964 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 785, 792 1672 Stubbs v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 452 F.3d 251 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 304 Summit Helicopters, Inc., 2011-PER-2300 (Jan. 13, 2015) :: 1631 Sumolang v. Holder, 723 F.3d 1080 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 790, 863, 939, 1005 TABLE OF CASES 2589

Sumual v. Mukasey, 530 F.3d 1282 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 1048 The Sweet Life v. Dole, 876 F.2d 402 (5th Cir. 1989) :: 2047, Sun, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 535 (DD 1966) :: 1180 2096 Sun v. Ashcroft, 370 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1943 Sweetser, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 709 (BIA 1999) :: 128, 317, 325, Sun v. DOJ, 421 F.3d 105 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1820 360, 455 Sunarto Ang v. Holder, 723 F.3d 6 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 1043 Swift & Co., In re Investigation of Charge of; 9 OCAHO no. 1058 Sundar v. INS, 328 F.3d 1320 (11th Cir. 2003) :: 1943, 1994, (2000) :: 2265 1998, 2010 Swift & Co.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1068 (May 7, 2001) :: 2260– Sunday v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 832 F.3d 211 (3d Cir. 2016) :: 222–23, 61 473, 479, 580, 1352, 1356, 1811 Swift Technical Servs. LLC, 2012-PER-123 (Apr. 11, 2014) :: Sunee Kim's Enterprises, 1987-INA-713 (July 22, 1988) :: 1702 1673 Sung v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 372 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1599 Syblis v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 763 F.3d 348 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 146, 1724 Sung Kil Jang v. Lynch, 812 F.3d 1187 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 782, 856 Syed v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 248 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1417 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2011-PER-501 (Mar. 29, 2012) :: 1636 S-Y-G-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 247 (BIA 2007), aff'd, 546 F.3d Sun Moon Star Advanced Power, Inc. v. Chappell, 773 F.Supp. 138 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1025, 1873, 1876 1373 (N.D. Cal. 1990) :: 1286, 2084 Sylla v. INS, 388 F.3d 924 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 987, 994 Sunnyvale Sch. Dist., 2014-PER-620 (June 22, 2017) :: 1698, Sylvain; Commonwealth v., 995 N.E.2d 760 (Mass. 2013) :: 386 1710 Sylvain v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 714 F.3d 150 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 529 Sunoto v. Gonzales, 504 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 979 Sylva Native Nursery, 2010-TLC-21 (Feb. 25, 2010) :: 1236 Sunshine Co. Food Distrib. Inc. v. USCIS, 362 F.App'x 1 (11th Symantec Corp., 2011-PER-1856 (July 30, 2014) (en banc) :: Cir. 2010) :: 1528 1623–24, 1627, 1638–39, 1641, 1690 Suntharalinkam v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2006), va- Symbioun Techs., Inc., 2010-PER-1422 (Oct. 24, 2011) :: 1619 cated on other grounds, 506 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 969, Symmetric Solutions, Inc. d/b/a Minerva Indian Cuisine; U.S. v., 977, 979, 987, 990, 997 10 OCAHO no. 1209 (Feb. 6, 2014) :: 2225 Sun Valley Orchards; Administrator v., LLC, 2017-TAE-3 (Oct. 29, Synergy Global Techs., Inc., 2016-PER-817 (Dec. 6, 2016) :: 2019) :: 1234–35 1628, 1656 Sunview Properties, 2002-INA-80 (Oct. 11, 2002) :: 1700 Synergy Sys., Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., 2004-LCA-76 (June Sun Wen Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 491 F.3d 100 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 30, 2006) :: 1211 1049, 2073 Syracuse Univ., 2016-PER-45 (Aug. 17, 2016) :: 1703 Supangat v. Holder, 735 F.3d 792 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 1047 Sysco Intermountain Food Servs., 1988-INA-138 (1989) (en Super 8 Motel & Villella Italian Restaurant; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO banc) :: 1677 no. 1191 (July 22, 2013) :: 2189, 2192, 2215–16, 2228, System Soft Techs., LLC, 2015-PER-397 (Feb. 7, 2018) :: 1636 2233 Systime Computer Corp., 2012-PER-3617 (July 18, 2017) :: 1690 Super Dental Care, 2000-INA-78 (Dec. 20, 2001) :: 1677 Systronics Corp. v. INS, 153 F.Supp.2d 7 (D.D.C. 2001) :: 1528, Superior Landscape, Inc., 2009-PER-83 (Aug. 28, 2009) :: 1679 1964 Superior Restaurant Grp. Corp., 2010-PER-17 (Mar. 30, 2010) :: Szalai v. Holder, 572 F.3d 975 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 299 1649 Szczesny v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 464 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2037 Superville; U.S. v., 40 F.Supp.2d 672 (D.V.I. 1999) :: 488 Szehinskyj v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 432 F.3d 253 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 282, Suprun v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 1078 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1047 724 Sure-Tan, Inc. v. NLRB, 467 U.S. 883 (1984) :: 2244 Szehinskyj; U.S. v., 277 F.3d 331 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 2324–25 Surganova v. Holder, 612 F.3d 901 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 635, 664, Szonyi v. Whitaker, 915 F.3d 1228 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 287, 1779, 1410 2008, 2119 Surita v. INS, 95 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 837, 843 Szucz-Toldy v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 978 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 319–20, Sur-Loc Flooring Sys., LLC, 2013-TLN-46 (Apr. 23, 2013) :: 1246 326 Surya v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 874 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1047 Susan B Anthony List v. Driehaus, 134 S.Ct. 2334 (2014) :: 2019 T Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus, 134 S.Ct. 2334 (2014) :: 2018 Susanto v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1044 T-, Matter of; 1 I&N Dec. 158 (BIA 1941) :: 1732 Sushi Shogun, 2011-PER-2677 (May 28, 2013) :: 1613–14 T-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 459 (BIA 1953) :: 1721 Susma, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 947 (BIA 1999) :: 1864 T-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 474 (BIA 1955) :: 151 Sussex Eng'g, Ltd. v. Montgomery, 825 F.2d 1084 (6th Cir. 1987) T-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 634 (1955) :: 1381 :: 1243 T-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 638 (BIA 1955) :: 73 Sutarsim v. Barr, 957 F.3d 311 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 1038 T-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 523 (BIA 1960) :: 97 Sutherland v. Holder, 769 F.3d 144 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 378 T-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 571 (BIA 1992) :: 794, 963 Sutherland v. Reno, 228 F.3d 171 (2d Cir. 2000) :: 297, 322, Taalebinezhaad v. Chertoff, 581 F.Supp.2d 243 (D. Mass. 2008) 2085 :: 2333 Sutton v. Napolitano, 986 F.Supp.2d 948 (W.D. Wis. 2013) :: Tabaddor v. Holder, 156 F.Supp.3d 1076 (C.D. Cal. 2015) :: 731 1928, 1948, 2027 Tabaku v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 417 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 667, 978, Sutton v. Vermont Reg'l Ctr., 2019 Vt. 71 (2019) :: 1589 996 Suvorov v. Gonzales, 441 F.3d 618 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1401, 1963 Tabcum, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 113 (RC 1972) :: 1166 Suzhen Meng v. Holder, 770 F.3d 1071 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 780, 890 Table Rock Stone, LLC., 2018-TLN-121 (May 18, 2018) :: 1246 S-V-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1306 (BIA 2000) :: 885, 1861 Tablie v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 60 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1748, 1783, Svelte Constr. LLC v. Baran, 368 F.Supp.3d 1601 (D. Minn. 2122 2019) :: 1186, 1287, 1289, 1296, 1966 Tacas-Juan v. Eddy, No. 95-0493-CV-HRH (D. Alaska 1997) :: Sviridov v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 722 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 1740 2174 SV Techs. LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2011-LCA-9, ARB No. Tachiona v. Mugabe, 169 F.Supp.2d 259 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 2160 12-042 (ARB Dec. 23, 2013) :: 1202, 1210, 1215, 1310 Tachiona v. U.S., 386 F.3d 205 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 2143 Swaby v. Ashcroft, 357 F.3d 156 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1939, 2033, Tachys Inc., 2012-PER-3316 (Dec. 15, 2017) :: 1613 2038, 2091 Taco Especial v. Napolitano, 696 F.Supp.2d 873 (E.D. Mich. Swaby v. Yates, 847 F.3d 62 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 128, 146, 292, 2010) :: 1605–7 307, 312, 352, 354, 356–58, 1779 Taco Plus, Inc.; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 775 (June 20, 1995) :: Swain v. Pressley, 430 U.S. 372 (1977) :: 1896 2217 Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ., 402 U.S. 1 (1971) Tadesse v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 905 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 661, 665, :: 1954 962, 987 Swarna v. Al-Awadi, 607 F.Supp.2d 509 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2144, Tadevosyan v. Holder, 743 F.3d 1250 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 108, 2165 1403, 1867, 1887 SWDWII, LLC, 2012-PER-887 (Jan. 20, 2016) :: 1619 Tagaga v. INS, 228 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 797, 1042 Tagawa, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 13 (DD 1967) :: 1532, 1705 2590 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Taggar v. Holder, 736 F.3d 886 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 676, 894, 930, Tapia; U.S. v., 924 F.Supp.2d 1093 (D.S.D. 2013) :: 540 1788, 1790 Tapia-Feliz v. Lynch, 242 F.Supp.3d 881 (D. Ariz. 2017) :: 2331 Tagger v. Strauss Grp., Ltd., 951 F.3d 124 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 1903 Tapia-Garcia v. INS, 237 F.3d 1216 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 2030, Taglieri v. Monasky, 876 F.3d 868 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 188 2038, 2091 Taha v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 800 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 932 Tapia-Martinez v. Gonzales, 482 F.3d 417 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 709, Tahan v. Hodgson, 662 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1981) :: 383, 389 1736, 1884 Tahir v. Lehmann, 171 F.Supp. 589 (N.D. Ohio 1958), aff'd, 264 Tapiero De Orejuela v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 666 (7th Cir. 2005) :: F.2d 892 (6th Cir. 1961) :: 140 819, 850 Tai v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 640, 998 Tapis Intern v. INS, 94 F.Supp.2d 172 (D. Mass. 2000) :: 1181– Taing v. Napolitano, 567 F.3d 19 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 2070 82 Tairou v. Whitaker, 909 F.3d 702 (4th Cir. 2018) :: 786 Tapucu v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 736 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 172 Tajer, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 125 (BIA 1974) :: 394 Tarango-Pena; U.S. v., 173 F.Supp.2d 588 (E.D. Tex. 2001) :: Takeo Kawamura, M.D. & Assoc., 2004-INA-31 (Dec. 6, 2004) :: 2325 1698 Target Point Media, LLC, 2010-PER-1637 (Feb. 27, 2012) :: Take One Computer, 2001-INA-66 (Sept. 19, 2001) :: 1672 1635, 1638–40 Takeshi Ogawa v. Kyong Kang, 946 F.3d 1176 (10th Cir. 2020) :: Tarhuni v. Holder, 8 F.Supp.3d 1253 (D. Or. 2014) :: 237, 472, 189 2023 Take Solutions, Inc., 2010-PER-907 (Apr. 28, 2011) :: 1621, 1682 Tariq v. Keisler, 505 F.3d 650 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 699, 1046 Takkallapalli v. Chertoff, 487 F.Supp.2d 1094 (W.D. Mo. 2007) :: Tariq Hamid v. INS, 538 F.2d 1389 (9th Cir. 1976) :: 293 1930, 1949 Tarleton State Univ., Part of Texas A&M Univ., 2010-PER-530 Talamantes; U.S. v., 620 F.3d 901 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 452 (June 20, 2011) :: 1612, 1709–10 Talbot; U.S. v., 22 F.Supp.3d 419 (M.D. Penn. 2014) :: 439 Tarmac Roadstone (USA), Inc., 1987-INA-701 (1989) :: 1656 Talent IT Servs., Inc., 2010-PER-93 (Oct. 13, 2010) :: 1531–32, Tarraf v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 525 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 982, 1046 1637, 1671 Tarrawally v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 180 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 696, 1986 Talk Am., Inc. v. Michigan Bell Tel. Co., 564 U.S. 50 (2011) :: Tarubac v. INS, 182 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 830, 842 2067 Tarvand v. INS, 937 F.2d 973 (4th Cir. 1991) :: 1742, 1820, 1996, Tall v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 1115 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 138, 140 1999 Talukdar v. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 2004-LCA-100 (ARB Jan. TAS Express America, Inc., 2011-PER-2841 (June 10, 2014) :: 31, 2007) :: 1215–17 1623 Tamang v. Holder, 598 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 864, 1048, Tashnizi v. INS, 585 F.2d 781 (5th Cir. 1978) :: 670, 673 1897, 1987 Task Force Security, Inc.; U.S. v., 4 OCAHO no. 625 (1994) :: Tamara-Gomez v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 343 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 787, 2227 834, 887, 1029 Taslimi v. Holder, 590 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 863, 1903, 1987 Tamas-Mercea v. Reno, 222 F.3d 417 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 923 Tassi v. Holder, 660 F.3d 710 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 665, 672, 678, Tamayo-Baez; U.S. v., 820 F.3d 308 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 411 955, 960, 989, 994 Tamayo-Tamayo v. Holder, 725 F.3d 950 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 741, Taste of China; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO no. 1164 (Jan. 10, 2013) :: 1464 2227 Tambadou v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 298 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 969 Tasya v. Holder, 574 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 Tamenut v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1060 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 475, 663 Tatone, In re; 456 N.W.2d 717 (Minn. 1990) :: 652 Tamenut v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 1000 (8th Cir. 2008) (en banc) :: Tavares v. Ashcroft, 371 F.Supp.2d 61 (D.P.R. 2005) :: 590 1869, 2042 Tavarez-Levario; U.S. v., 788 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 435 Tammy Taylor Nails, Inc., 2002-INA-218 (Sept. 9, 2003) :: 1700 Tavarez Peralta, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 171 (BIA 2013) :: 281, Tampubolon v. Holder, 610 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 848 326, 2108 Tamura, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 717 (RC 1964) :: 1299 Tavdidishvili, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 142 (BIA 2017) :: 128, 135 Tan, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 564 (BIA 1967) :: 802 Taveras, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 834 (BIA 2012), aff'd, Taveras v. Tan v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 446 F.3d 1369 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 1042, U.S. Att'y Gen., 731 F.3d 281 (3d Cir. 2013) :: 78, 1478, 1986 1749 Tandayu v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 97 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1876 Taveras-Duran v. Holder, 767 F.3d 120 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1719 Tandia v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 245 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 926, 988 Taveras-Lopez v. Reno, 127 F.Supp.2d 598 (M.D. Pa. 2000) :: Tandia v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 1048 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 955, 995, 579 1014 Tavizon-Ruiz; U.S. v., 196 F.Supp.3d 1076 (N.D. Cal. 2016) :: Tanedo v. Placide, 632 F.App'x 896 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 1187, 1199, 307, 415 2152 Tawadrous v. Holder, 565 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1876 Taneja v. Smith, 795 F.2d 355 (4th Cir. 1986) :: 1714, 1809, 2025 Tawadrus v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1099 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 646 Tang, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 691 (BIA 1971) :: 690 Tawfik, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 166 (BIA 1990) :: 1417 Tang v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 1192 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 722 Tawm v. Ashcroft, 363 F.3d 740 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 789 Tang v. Chertoff, 493 F.Supp.2d 148 (D. Mass. 2007) :: 1929, Tawuo v. Lynch, 799 F.3d 725,727-28 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 1001 1948, 1966 Tax Analysts; DOJ v., 492 U.S. 136 (1989) :: 607 Tang v. Chertoff, 689 F.Supp.2d 206 (D. Mass. 2010) :: 2170 Tayabji, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 264 (BIA 1985) :: 572, 1155 Tang v. INS, 223 F.3d 713 (8th Cir. 2000) :: 1748, 1783, 2048 Tay-Chan v. Barr, 918 F.3d 209 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1882 Tang v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 176 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 965, 1013 Tay-Chan v. Holder, 699 F.3d 107 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 814, 824, Tang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 578 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 476, 1007 676, 966, 973–76, 983, 985, 990–91, 997, 1010, 1845 Taylor v. Barnhart, 399 F.3d 891 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1506, 1951 Taniguchi v. Schultz, 303 F.3d 950 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 228, 574, Taylor v. Islamic Republic of Ira, 811 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2011) 2006, 2094, 2336 :: 2159 Tann v. Bennett, 807 F.3d 51 (2d Cir. 2015) :: 188 Taylor v. McCament, 875 F.3d 849 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1354, 2019 Tanov v. INS, 443 F.3d 195 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1776 Taylor v. U.S., 396 F.3d 1322 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 302, 382, 576, Tanusantoso v. Barr, 962 F.3d 694 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 1866, 1871, 1723, 1935, 1943, 1945, 1996, 2011 1874, 1878 Taylor v. U.S., 495 U.S. 575 (1990) :: 127, 320, 327, 336, 342, Tanvir v. FNU Tanzin, 894 F.3d 449 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 2153 347 Tao Chen v. Lynch, 810 F.3d 466 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 805, 954 Taylor v. U.S., 749 F.2d 171 (3d Cir. 1984) :: 2175 Tao Luo v. Keisler, 521 F.Supp.2d 72 (D.D.C. 2007) :: 1930, Taylor v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 801 F.Supp.2d 1103 (W.D. Wash. 2011) 1951, 1964 :: 304, 2297 Tapia v. Ashcroft, 351 F.3d 795 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 712, 716, 1781 Taylor; U.S. v., 814 F.3d 340 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 353 Tapia v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 997 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1767 Tchemkou v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 785 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 799, 891, Tapia; U.S. v., 761 F.2d 1488 (11th Cir. 1985) :: 426 1041 TABLE OF CASES 2591

Tchemkou v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 506 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 2171, Tennessee v. DOS, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019) :: 53 2176, 2178 Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1 (1985) :: 498 Tchitchui v. Holder, 657 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 852 Tenorio-Serrano v. Driscoll, 324 F.Supp.3d 1053 (D. Ariz. 2018) :: Tchoukhrova v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2005), va- 534 cated, 549 U.S. 801 (2006) :: 821 Tepp Team USA, Inc., 2013-PER-2700 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: 1614 Tchuinga v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 54 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 921, 2058 Tera Techs., Inc., 2011-PER-2541, 2012-PER-55 (Aug. 28, 2014) TCM Elderly Camino Ramon Home Care, 2003-INA-166 (Aug. (en banc) :: 1618, 1633 23, 2004) :: 1677 Terezov v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 713 T&D Concrete, Inc., 2018-TLN-29 (Dec. 22, 2017) :: 1246 Terrado v. Moyer, 820 F.2d 920 (7th Cir. 1987) :: 1938 Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288 (1989) :: 385, 2118 Terratherm, Inc., 2015-PER-76 (Feb. 22, 2019) :: 1634 Teberen, Matter of; 15 I&N Dec. 689 (BIA 1976) :: 279 Terraza-Palma; U.S. v., 890 F.Supp.2d 1251 (C.D. Cal. 2012) :: Tebyasa v. Holder, 593 F.3d 707 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1047, 2100 401 Techdemocracy LLC, 2009-PER-459, 2011-PER-58 (Nov. 16, Terrazas; U.S. v., 570 F.Supp.2d 550 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 2340 2010) :: 1707 Terrazas-Hernandez v. Barr, 924 F.3d 768 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 741, Techdemocracy LLC, 2012-PER-499 (Nov. 24, 2014) :: 1707 743 Techdemocracy LLC, 2013-PER-2259 (June 8, 2017) :: 1675 Terrazas Siles; U.S. v., 397 F.Supp.3d 812 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: Technation Software Consulting Inc., 2007-INA-262 (Jan. 29, 248, 401, 410, 423, 1907, 1947, 1984, 2102 2009) :: 1688 Terrence O'Neill d/b/a T.O.N. Constr., 2012-PER-404 (Dec. 14, Technical America, Inc., 2019-TLN-138 (July 3, 2019) :: 1244 2015) :: 1622, 1632 Technical Marine Maintenance & Gulf Coast Workforce; U.S. v., Terres Tech. Inc., 2012-PER-977 (Jan. 15, 2016) :: 1626 13 OCAHO No. 1312a (Dec. 10, 2018) :: 2268, 2270 Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, In re; 122 F.Supp.3d Technical Servs., Inc., Matter of; WAC 07-277-53214 (AAO July 181 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) :: 2155 22, 2008) :: 1287, 1291–92 Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, In re; 714 F.3d 118 (2d Technivate, Inc., 2008-INA-65 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1701 Cir. 2013) :: 2143, 2153 Technology Consultants-MA, Inc., 2013-PER-2030 (Jan. 26, Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001, In re; 718 F.Supp.2d 2018) :: 1622 456 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 2158 Technology Consultants-MA, Inc., 2013-PER-2117 (Oct. 27, Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968) :: 483–84, 491 2017) :: 1636, 1639, 1683 Tesfamichael v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 169 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 2089 TechnoSteel, LLC v. Beers Const. Co., 271 F.3d 151 (4th Cir. Tesfamichael v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 109 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 795 2001) :: 2336 Tesfay v. Holder, 942 F.Supp.2d 1063 (D. Nev. 2013) :: 2316 Techorbits Inc., 2015-PER-214 (Dec. 9, 2016) :: 1701 Tesfu v. Ashcroft, 322 F.3d 477 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1013 Techserve Alliance v. Napolitano, 803 F.Supp.2d 16 (D.D.C. Tesillos; U.S. v., 965 F.Supp.2d 1037 (E.D. Wis. 2013) :: 447, 2011) :: 614 457, 460 Tecun-Florian v. INS, 207 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 793 Tessel, Inc., Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 631 (AAC 1981) :: 1283–85 Tee, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 949 (BIA 1995) :: 1400 Tewabe v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 533 (4th Cir. 2006) :: 976, 994 Tefel v. Reno, 972 F.Supp. 608 (S.D. Fla. 1997), rev'd on other Texas v. EPA, 829 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 1920 grounds, 180 F.3d 1286 (11th Cir. 1999) :: 40, 478, 482, Texas v. Travis Cnty., 272 F.Supp.3d 973 (W.D. Tex. 2017) :: 54, 571, 1727, 1783, 1793, 1900, 1979, 1981 1956 Tegegn v. Holder, 702 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 836, 847 Texas v. U.S., 106 F.3d 661 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 2034 Tehrani; U.S. v., 826 F.Supp. 789 (D. Vt. 1993), aff'd, 49 F.3d 54 Texas v. U.S., 809 F.3d 134 (5th Cir. 2015), upheld by an equally (2d Cir. 1995) :: 495, 501 divided court, 579 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 2271 (2016) :: 1796 Teixeira, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 316 (BIA 1996) :: 296, 681, 684 Texas v. U.S., 2016 WL 3211803 (S.D. Tex. May 19, 2016) :: 652 Tejada v. Cabral, 424 F.Supp.2d 296 (D. Mass. 2006) :: 765, Texas A&M Univ., 1988-INA-162 (1989) (en banc) :: 1678 1937, 1980 Texas Dep't of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248 Tejada; U.S. v., 255 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 409, 462 (1981) :: 2271 Tejado v. Holder, 776 F.3d 965 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1002, 1772 Texas Fifth Wall Roofing Sys., Inc. d/b/a Texas Fifth Wall, 2019- Tejeda v. Barr, 960 F.3d 1184 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 291 TLN-54 (Mar. 20, 2019) :: 1237 Tejeda v. INS, 346 F.2d 389 (9th Cir. 1965) :: 570 Texas Health & Human Servs. Comm'n v. U.S., 166 F.Supp.3d Tejeda-Mata v. INS, 626 F.2d 721 (9th Cir. 1980) :: 508, 695 706 (N.D. Tex. 2016) :: 48, 911 Tejeda-Perez; U.S. v., 199 F.3d 981 (8th Cir. 1999) :: 456, 458 Texas Health & Human Servs. Comm'n v. U.S., 193 F.Supp.3d Tejwani, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 97 (BIA 2007), rev'd, Tejwani v. 733 (N.D. Tex. 2016) :: 48, 911 U.S. Att'y Gen., 349 F.App'x 719 (3d Cir. 2009) :: 124, 141– Texas Instruments, Inc., 2012-PER-2458 (May 9, 2017) :: 1615, 43 1690 Tekkote, a division of Jen-Coat, Inc., 2008-PER-218 (Jan. 5, Texas State Teachers Ass'n v. Garland Indep. Sch. Dist., 489 2009) :: 1642, 1712 U.S. 782 (1989) :: 2169 Tekle v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 1044 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 729, 996, Thai v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 790 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 749 2096 Thangaraja v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 2170–71 Tekle v. U.S., 511 F.3d 839 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 484 Thap v. Mukasey, 544 F.3d 674 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 323, 1062 TEK Servs. LLC, 2016-PER-207 (Nov. 14, 2016) :: 1655–56 Thapa v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 323 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1911 TEK Servs. LLC, 2016-PER-332 (Nov. 16, 2016) :: 1635 Thapaliya v. Holder, 750 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 789 Telapprise, LLC, 2012-PER-3255 (June 28, 2017) :: 1665 Thaqi v. Jenifer, 377 F.3d 500 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1751 Telcordia Techs., Inc., 2011-PER-2631 (Feb. 6, 2013) :: 1671, Thawatchai Foythong v. Holder, 743 F.3d 1051 (6th Cir. 2014) :: 1673 1418 Telecomm. Research & Action Ctr. (TRAC) v. FCC, 750 F.2d 70 Theagene v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 476, (D.C. Cir. 1984) :: 1927 573–74, 2006, 2336 Teletech Servs. Corp., 2012-PER-503 (Dec. 1, 2015) :: 1713 Theck v. Warden, INS, 22 F.Supp.2d 1117 (C.D. Cal. 1998) :: Tellez v. Lynch, 839 F.3d 1175 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 68, 741 264, 1421 Tello; U.S. v., 924 F.3d 782 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 491 Thelemaque v. Ashcroft, 363 F.Supp.2d 198 (D. Conn. 2005) :: Temu v. Holder, 740 F.3d 887 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 815, 819, 821 882, 892 Tenacre Found. v. INS, 892 F.Supp. 289 (D.D.C. 1995), aff'd, 78 Then v. INS, 37 F.Supp.2d 346 (D.N.J. 1998) :: 636 F.3d 693 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: 1954 Theodoropoulos v. INS, 358 F.3d 162 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1943, Tendean v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 850, 1044 1994, 2009 Teng v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 695, 998, 2048 Theodros v. Gonzales, 490 F.3d 396 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 184, 283, Teng Jiao Zhou; U.S. v., 815 F.3d 639 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 2299 2199 Tenn; U.S. v., 888 F.Supp.2d 213 (D. Conn. 2012) :: 417 Thiam v. Gonzales, 496 F.3d 912 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 694 Tenneco Oil Co. v. Dep't of Energy, 475 F.Supp. 299 (D. Del. Thiam v. Holder, 677 F.3d 299 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 854, 2093 1979) :: 2049 Thiersaint v. Commissioner, 111 A.3d 829 (Conn. 2015) :: 386 2592 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Thimran v. Holder, 599 F.3d 841 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 592 Ticoalu v. Gonzales, 472 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 862, 1006, 1036 Third Ave. Video Corp., 2008-INA-59 (Sept. 2, 2008) :: 1665 Tieri v. INS, 457 F.2d 391 (2d Cir. 1972) :: 2302, 2330 Thom v. Ashcroft, 369 F.3d 158 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 373, 1752, 2034 Tie Xia Chen v. Holder, 782 F.3d 373 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 639, 959 Thomas, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 20 (BIA 1995) :: 381, 684, 1722, Tight Knot, Inc., Matter of; LIN 99-089-51751 (AAO June 20, 1732 2000) :: 1181 Thomas, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 416 (BIA 2007) :: 380 Tijam, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 408 (BIA 1998) :: 179–81, 231, Thomas v. Ashcroft, 409 F.3d 1177 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc), va- 1790, 1838, 1846 cated on other grounds, 547 U.S. 183 (2006) :: 787 Tijani v. Holder, 628 F.3d 1071 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 138, 951 Thomas v. District of Columbia, 580 F.Supp.2d 142 (D.D.C. 2008) Tijani v. Willis, 430 F.3d 1241 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 40, 543, 545 :: 1756, 1982 Tijerina-Villarreal, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 327 (BIA 1969) :: 273, Thomas v. INS, 35 F.3d 1332 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 443 572, 690, 2283 Thomas v. INS, 976 F.2d 786 (1st Cir. 1992) :: 712 Tilija v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 930 F.3d 165 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 1033, 1036 Thomas v. Lynch, 797 F.3d 535 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 2279 Tillery v. Lynch, 821 F.3d 182 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1769 Thomas v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 2284 Tima, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 839 (BIA 2016), aff'd, Tima v. U.S. Thomas v. McElroy, No. 96-CV-5065 (JSM), 1996 WL 487953 Att'y Gen., 903 F.3d 272 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 229, 275, 1727, (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 23, 1996) :: 549 1788, 1791, 1803, 2108 Thomas v. NSF, 330 F.3d 486 (D.C. Cir. 2003) :: 2167 Timbreza v. Gonzales, 410 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 1858, Thomas v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 625 F.3d 134 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 131, 2059 146, 309, 360, 364, 682, 684, 1724, 2059, 2087, 2095 Timbs v. Indiana, 139 S.Ct. 682 (2019) :: 432 Thomas; U.S. v., 492 F.Supp.2d 405 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) :: 405 Time Energy Sys., Inc., 1992-INA-220 (Feb. 3, 1994) :: 1676 Thomas & Betts Corp., 2016-PER-272 (Sept. 4, 2019) :: 1688 Tin, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 371 (RC 1973) :: 154 Thomas Jefferson Univ., 2010-PER-1400 (Aug. 7, 2012) :: 1654, Tinajero, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 424 (BIA 1980) :: 392, 595 1707, 1711 Tindi v. DHS, 363 F.Supp.3d 971 (D. Minn. 2017) :: 518, 546 Thomas L. Brown Associates, PC, 2009-PER-347 (Sept. 1, 2009) Tineo v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 382 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 46, 76, 253, 286, :: 1642 549, 2074 Thomas L. Brown Associates, PC, 2012-PER-1735 (Nov. 27, Tineo v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 937 F.3d 200 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 2285 2012) :: 1667 Tingling v. City of Richmond, VA, 13 OCAHO no. 1324a (Oct. 22, Thomas & Thompson, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 674 (2019), overrul- 2019) :: 2265 ing Matter of Cota-Vargas, 23 I&N Dec. 849 (BIA 2005) :: Tingling v. City of Richmond, VA, 13 OCAHO no. 1342 (Jan. 31, 284, 368, 379, 397–98 2020) :: 2270 see also Estrada, Matter of (26 I&N Dec. 749) Tinoco v. Ridge, 359 F.Supp.2d 1042 (S.D. Cal. 2005) :: 382 Thompson, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 169 (Comm. 1981) :: 1286 Tinoso; U.S. v., 327 F.3d 864 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 460 Thompson v. Barr, 922 F.3d 528 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 302 Tipton; U.S. v., 518 F.3d 591 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 424 Thompson v. Barr, 924 F.3d 70 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 321 Tipu v. INS, 20 F.3d 580 (3d Cir. 1994) :: 1759 Thompson v. Barr, 959 F.3d 476 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 394, 1870, Tiscareno-Garcia v. Holder, 780 F.3d 205 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 1730 2042–43, 2054 Tista v. Holder, 722 F.3d 1122 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1427 Thompson v. DOL, 885 F.2d 551 (9th Cir. 1989) :: 2047 Title v. INS, 322 F.2d 21 (9th Cir. 1963) :: 725 Thompson v. Lynch, 788 F.3d 638 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 723, 1831 Titties; U.S. v., 852 F.3d 1257 (10th Cir. 2017) :: 356 Thompson v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 939 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 2285 Tittjung v. Reno, 199 F.3d 393 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 282 Thompson v. North Am. Stainless, LP, 562 U.S. 170 (2011) :: Tittjung; U.S. v., 235 F.3d 330 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 2324–25 2272 Tiwari, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 875 (BIA 1989), modified, Matter of Thompson v. Prestige Towing Servs., 13 OCAHO no. 1309 (Mar. Tiwari, 20 I&N Dec. 254 (BIA 1991) :: 142, 172, 690, 693, 23, 2018) :: 2263 2112 Thompson v. Sanchez Auto Servs., LLC, 12 OCAHO no. 1302 Tiwari v. Shanahan, 363 F.Supp.3d 1154 (W.D. Wash. 2019) :: (May 22, 2017) :: 2255, 2258, 2271 2309, 2312–13 Thompson; U.S. v., 53 F.Supp.3d 919 (W.D. La. 2014) :: 504 T.J., In re; 59 So.3d 1187 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011) :: 1553 Thompson-Riviere; U.S. v., 561 F.3d 345 (4th Cir. 2009) :: 407, Tkacz v. Duke, 305 F.Supp.3d 1052 (D. Nev. 2018) :: 1418 2280 TLC Precision Wafer Tech., Inc., 2012-LCA-43 (Jan. 29, 2019) :: Thomsen; U.S. v., 830 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 434 1197 Thongphilack v. Gonzales, 506 F.3d 1207 (10th Cir. 2007) :: 718 TLH Constr. Corp., 2010-PER-688 (Aug. 19, 2010) :: 1620 Thor v. Superior Court of Solano Cnty., 855 P.3d 375 (Cal. 4th T-M-B-, Matter of, see Borja v. INS 1993) :: 263 T-M-H- & S-W-C-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 193 (BIA 2010) :: 863– Thornburgh, In re; 869 F.2d 1503 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 1794 64 Thoung v. U.S., 913 F.3d 999 (10th Cir. 2019) :: 1895, 1909 Tobar-Lobo, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 143 (BIA 2007) :: 130, 137– THQ, Inc., 2011-PER-568 (Feb. 16, 2012) :: 1628 38, 144 Three Affiliated Tribes of Berthold Reservation v. Wold Eng'g, Tobeth-Tangang v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 537 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 648 467 U.S. 138 (1984) :: 2115 Tobon-Marin v. Mukasey, 512 F.3d 28 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 791, 834, Three Mile Island Alert, Inc. v. NRC, 771 F.2d 720 (3d Cir. 1985) 963 :: 726 Toboso-Alfonso, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 819 (BIA 1994) :: 820, Three Seasons Landscape Contracting Servs., Inc., 2017-TLN-39 873, 1020 to 45 (Apr. 28, 2017) :: 1261 Tocci v. U.S., 178 F.Supp.2d 176 (N.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 395 Thu v. Holder, 596 F.3d 994 (8th Cir. 2010) :: 1002, 1833 Todd; U.S. v., 618 F.Supp.2d 1349 (M.D. Ala. 2009) :: 447, 457 Thum; U.S. v., 749 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 429 Todd; U.S. v., 900 F.2d 164 (9th Cir. 1990), aff'g Romo v. Todd Thumbimuthu, Matter of; No. A70-521-400 (IJ Mar. 29, 1993) :: Corp., 1 OCAHO no. 25 (Aug. 19, 1988) :: 2266 1102 Todorovic v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 621 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 2010) :: Thunder Basin Coal Co. v. Reich, 510 U.S. 200 (1994) :: 1998 975, 1019 Thuraissigiam; DHS v., 591 U.S. __, 140 S.Ct. 1959 (2020) :: 47, Toia v. Fasano, 334 F.3d 917 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 370, 1756, 2120 67, 245, 247, 472, 1895, 1906, 1931, 1933, 1983, 2102 Toia v. Gardner Family Care Corp., 2007-LCA-6 (Apr. 25, 2008) :: Thuri v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 788 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 1018 1171, 1214 Thye v. U.S., 109 F.3d 127 (2d Cir. 1997) :: 766 Toj-Culpatan v. Holder, 612 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 864, 934, Tian v. Barr, 932 F.3d 664 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 980, 996, 1012, 1041 1987 Tian v. Holder, 576 F.3d 890 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 333–34, 873, 878 Tokatly v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 613 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 298, 363, 681, Tianhai Electric N. America v. Johnson, No. 14-cv-10016 (E.D. 2037 Mich. Dec. 8, 2015) :: 1528 Toledo-Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 280 F.Supp.2d 112 (S.D.N.Y. Tian-Yong Chen v. INS, 359 F.3d 121 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 967, 1049 2003) :: 1755 Ticheva v. Ashcroft, 241 F.Supp.2d 1115 (D. Nev. 2002) :: 1436, Toledo-Hernandez v. Mukasey, 521 F.3d 332 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 2029 1869, 2005 TABLE OF CASES 2593

Tolego v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 763 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 887 Toure v. Barr, 926 F.3d 403 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 586, 589, 1398 Toll v. Moreno, 458 U.S. 1 (1982) :: 38, 1073, 1108, 1125 Toure v. Holder, 624 F.3d 422 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 635, 1046 Tolosa v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 906 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 996 Toure v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 443 F.3d 310 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 796, 955, Toloza-Jimenez v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 155 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1014 957, 1009, 1014, 1039 Toma; U.S. v., 869 F.Supp.2d 1315 (D. Kan. 2012) :: 479, 2339 Tourny v. Reimer, 8 F.Supp. 91 (S.D.N.Y. 1934) :: 136 Tomas, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 464 (BIA 1987) :: 696, 945 Touset; U.S. v., 890 F.3d 1227 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 504 Tomaszczuk v. Whitaker, 909 F.3d 159 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 474, Toussaint v. Tekwood Associates, Inc., 6 OCAHO no. 892 (Sept. 1728, 2125 12, 1996) :: 2264 Tomer v. DHS, 321 F.App'x 620 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1094 Toussaint v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 455 F.3d 409 (3d Cir. 2006) :: 813, Tom O'Brien Nissan, Inc., 1997-INA-435 (Mar. 18, 1999) :: 1694 882, 1935 Tongatapu Woodcraft Hawaii, Ltd. v. Feldman, 736 F.2d 1305 Toutounjian v. INS, 2 F.Supp.2d 374 (W.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 2173–74 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 2046, 2065 Toutounjian v. INS, 959 F.Supp. 598 (W.D.N.Y. 1997) :: 137 Toor v. Holder, 717 F.Supp.2d 100 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 461, 2029, Tovar v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1432 2032 Tovar v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 646 F.3d 1300 (11th Cir. 2011) :: 1431, Toor v. Lynch, 789 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 1862, 2070 1735 Toora v. Holder, 603 F.3d 282 (5th Cir. 2010) :: 707 Tovar v. U.S. Postal Serv., 3 F.3d 1271 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 2262 Topalli v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 128 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 789, 834 Tovar-Alvarez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 427 F.3d 1350 (11th Cir. 2005) Topazov v. INS, 929 F.Supp. 479 (D.D.C. 1996) :: 1938 :: 573, 2307, 2315 Top Notch Turnout LLC., 2018-TLN-159 (Sept. 11, 2018) :: 1245 Tovar-Alvarez, 427 F.3d 1350 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 571, 1793 Toptchev v. INS, 295 F.3d 714 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 949, 965, 1009, Tovar-Landin v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1725, 1848, 2000 1742 Toquero v. INS, 956 F.2d 193 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 1824 Tovias-Marroquin; U.S. v., 218 F.3d 455 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 406 Torao Takahashi v. Fish & Game Comm'n, 334 U.S. 410 (1948) :: Tow, Estate of, v. INS, No. C90-1644 SC, 1990 WL 608204 (N.D. 38 Cal. Nov. 16, 1990) :: 1412 Toribio-Chavez v. Holder, 611 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 175, 178, Town & Country Children's Montessori, Inc., 2012-PER-3624 472, 663, 673, 1730 (Oct. 6, 2016) :: 1632 Tornheim v. Kohn, No. 00 CV 5084 (SJ), 2002 WL 482534 Townecraft, Inc., 2001-INA-7 (Feb. 4, 2002) :: 1677 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2002) :: 115 Town of, see name of town Toro, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 340 (BIA 1980) :: 487, 1847 Townsend v. Comm'r of Social Security, 415 F.3d 578 (6th Cir. Toro v. Secretary of Homeland Security, 707 F.3d 1224 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 2175 2013) :: 1057 Townsend v. INS, 799 F.2d 179 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 1824 Toro-Romero v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 930 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 77 Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293 (1963) :: 1931, 1945, 2051 Torre, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 18 (BIA 1984) :: 1825 T.P.C. Inc., d/b/a Davey's Irish Pub, 2013-PER-335 (Dec. 6, Torre-Ojeda; U.S. v., 829 F.3d 1027 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 447 2017) :: 1613 Torres, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 28 (BIA 1998) :: 1376–77 Tracor Westronics, 1986-INA-429 (1986) :: 1675 Torres v. Barr, 925 F.3d 1360 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 182 Tracz v. Duke, 305 F.Supp.3d 1052 (D. Nev. 2018) :: 1413, 1417 Torres v. DHS, 411 F.Supp.3d 1036 (C.D. Cal. 2019) :: 265, Tran, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 291 (BIA 1996) :: 133, 288 1901, 2020 Tran v. Gonzales, 414 F.3d 464 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 319, 324 Torres v. Kerry, 938 F.Supp.2d 990 (S.D. Cal. 2013) :: 2012 Tran v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 937 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 369, 889 Torres v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 616 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 727, 831, 836, Tran v. Mukasey, 515 F.3d 478 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 749, 751, 753, 971, 976, 979–80, 987, 989, 1005 759, 2083 Torres; U.S. v., 383 F.3d 92 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 421, 478, 1726 Tran v. U.S., 45 F.Supp.2d 157 (D.P.R. 1999) :: 396 Torres-Balderas v. Lynch, 806 F.3d 1157 (8th Cir. 2015) :: 1766 Trans Atlantic Sys., Inc., 2009-PER-414 (June 29, 2010) :: 1629, Torres-Chavez v. Holder, 567 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 649–50 1649 Torres De La Cruz v. Maurer, 483 F.3d 1013 (10th Cir. 2007) :: Transkei, Republic of, v. INS, 923 F.2d 175 (D.C. Cir. 1991) :: 735, 1747, 1841, 1997 1289 Torres-Garcia, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 866 (BIA 2006) :: 168, 743, Transport Robert (1973) Ltée v. INS, 195 F.Supp.2d 136 (D.D.C. 1481, 1487, 1792, 2075, 2077 2002) :: 1956 Torres-Guzman v. INS, 804 F.2d 531 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1732 Transport Robert (1973) Ltée v. INS, 940 F.Supp. 338 (D.D.C. Torres-Lona; U.S. v., 491 F.3d 750 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 497 1996) :: 1920, 2027 Torres-Monje; U.S. v., 433 F.Supp.2d 1028 (D.N.D. 2006) :: 492 Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111 (1985) :: Torres-Rascon v. Heston, 339 F.3d 633 (8th Cir. 2003) :: 1755– 2272 56 Tranter, Inc., 2012-PER-1960 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: 1643 Torres-Rendon v. Holder, 656 F.3d 456 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1743, Traynor v. Turnage, 485 U.S. 535 (1988) :: 1991 1746, 1790, 1792, 1804 Trea Senior Citizens League v. DOS, 923 F.Supp.2d 55 (D.D.C. Torres-Sanchez; U.S. v., 68 F.3d 227 (8th Cir. 1995) :: 479 2013) :: 608, 610–11 Torres-Tristan v. Holder, 656 F.3d 653 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 746, Trea Senior Citizens League v. DOS, 994 F.Supp.2d 23 (D.D.C. 1356, 1914, 1990 2013) :: 616, 1507 Torres-Valdivias v. Holder, 786 F.3d 1147 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 221, Treasure Craft of Cal., Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 190 (RC 1972) :: 226, 1475, 1974 1078 Torres-Varela, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 78 (BIA 2001) :: 129, 133, Trejo-Martinez; U.S. v., 481 F.3d 409 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 453 135, 1785 Trejo-Mejia v. Holder, 593 F.3d 913 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 2093 Torres-Villalobos; U.S. v., 487 F.3d 607 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 326, Treleaven; U.S. v., 35 F.3d 458 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 397 401, 673 Trench v. INS, 783 F.2d 181 (10th Cir. 1986) :: 382, 645 T-O-S-U-, Matter of; Adopted Decision 2017-01 (AAO) (Jan. 4, Trent; U.S. v., 767 F.3d 1046 (10th Cir. 2014) :: 348 2017) :: 1226 Trevino-Martinez; U.S. v., 86 F.3d 65 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 403, 409 Tota v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 161 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 843, 964 Trias-Hernandez v. INS, 528 F.2d 366 (9th Cir. 1975) :: 671 Totimeh v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 666 F.3d 109 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 75, 137, Trinidad y Garcia v. Thomas, 683 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 2012) (en 144, 286 banc) :: 461, 881, 907, 1932 Touarsi v. DOJ, 78 F.Supp.3d 332 (D.D.C. 2015) :: 610, 613, Trinity Indus., In re; 876 F.2d 1485 (11th Cir. 1989) :: 500, 2209 2180 Trinity Restaurant, 2010-PER-49 (Dec. 28, 2010) :: 1618, 1634 Touarsi v. Mueller, 538 F.Supp.2d 447 (D. Mass. 2008) :: 1930, Tristan-Madrigal; U.S. v., 601 F.3d 629 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 448 1949, 1975 Tri Valley Golden Care, 2011-PER-18 (Dec. 27, 2011) :: 1625, Touch v. Holder, 568 F.3d 32 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1043 1713 Toufighi v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 988 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1012, 1878 Trizetto Corp., 2016-PER-83 (Aug. 27, 2019) :: 1628 U.S. ex rel. Touhy v. Ragen, 340 U.S. 462 (1951) :: 598, 1927 Trollinger v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 370 F.3d 602 (6th Cir. 2004) :: Toure v. Ashcroft, 400 F.3d 44 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 986, 999 2254 2594 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Trollinger v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 543 F.Supp.2d 842 (E.D. Tenn. Turri v. INS, 997 F.2d 1306 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 1772, 1889 2008) :: 2255 Tuser E. v. Rodriguez, 370 F.Supp.3d 435 (D.N.J. 2019) :: 253 Troop; U.S. v., 514 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 2008) :: 500 Tutrone v. Shaughnessy, 160 F.Supp. 433 (S.D.N.Y. 1958) :: 136 Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1957) :: 572 Tutu v. Blackman, 9 F.Supp.2d 534 (E.D. Pa. 1998) :: 1742, Tropicana Casino & Resort, In re; 9 OCAHO no. 1064 (2000) :: 1973, 1983 2265 Tuv Taam Corp., 340 NLRB 756, 760 (2003) :: 2244 Trujillo-Alvarez; U.S. v., 900 F.Supp.2d 1167 (D. Or. 2012) :: 540 Tweel; U.S. v., 550 F.2d 297 (5th Cir. 1977) :: 489 Trujillo Diaz v. Sessions, 880 F.3d 244 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 1034 Twin Indus., 2007-INA-270 (Jan. 16, 2008) :: 1649 Trujillo-Terrazas; U.S. v., 405 F.3d 814 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 459 Twin Peaks Inc., 2016-PER-195 (Aug. 21, 2019) :: 1616 Trump v. Hawaii, 585 U.S. __, 138 S.Ct. 2392 (2018) :: 39–40, Twins, Inc., d/b/a Hardware Floors, 2012-PER-392 (Nov. 1, 2013) 218, 2013, 2015–16, 2024, 2051 :: 1697 Trump v. International Refugee Assistance Project, 582 U.S. __, Two A's Mechanical Inc., 2009-PER-344 (Mar. 3, 2010) :: 1682 137 S.Ct. 2080 (2017) :: 765, 2090 Two for Seven, LLC d/b/a Black & Blue Rest.; U.S. v., 10 OCAHO Trump Briarcliff Manor Dev. LLC, 2009-PER-1 (Jan. 26, 2009) :: no. 1208 (Jan. 15, 2014) :: 2187, 2192, 2229 1619 Twombly :: 270, 2049, 2149, 2250, see Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Trung Thanh Hoang v. Holder, 641 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir. 2011) :: Twombly 339–40, 1817 Twum v. INS, 411 F.3d 54 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 274, 722, 1889, 2052 Truong, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1090 (BIA 1999) :: 370–71, 572, Tydingco; U.S. v., 909 F.3d 297 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 428 1794 Tyrrell Ltd., 2012-PER-1920 (Oct. 21, 2016) :: 1686 Truong, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 52 (BIA 2006) :: 656 Tyson v. Holder, 670 F.3d 1015 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1753 Truong v. Holder, 613 F.3d 938 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 803 Tyson Foods, Inc. v. Bouaphakeo, 136 S.Ct. 1036 (2016) :: 2104 Tsegay v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1347 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 1814 Tyson Foods, Inc. v. Guzman, 116 S.W.3d 233 (Tex. Ct. App. Tsegmed v. Sessions, 859 F.3d 480 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1045, 1985 2003) :: 2253 Tsevegmid v. Ashcroft, 336 F.3d 1231 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 1986 Tyson Foods, Inc.; U.S. v., 258 F.Supp.2d 809 (E.D. Tenn. 2003) Tsimmer v. Gantner, 550 F.Supp.2d 438 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 1896 :: 436, 2235 Tsui v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 445 F.Supp. 832 (D.D.C. 1978) :: 1095 Tyson Foods, Inc., 2012-PER-1261 (Aug. 29, 2016) :: 1628 Tsukamoto v. Radcliffe, 29 F.Supp.2d 660 (D. Haw. 1998) :: 1114 T-Z-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 163 (BIA 2007) :: 785, 792, 868, Tuakoi, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 341 (BIA 1985) :: 572 1028, 1815, 1835, 2098 Tuan Thai v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 790 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 753, 759 Tzimas, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 101 (BIA 1962) :: 1339 Tuaua v. U.S., 788 F.3d 300 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 2280 Tzoc v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 46 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 836 Tuaua v. U.S., 951 F.Supp.2d 88 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2017 Tucs Cleaning Serv., Inc., 2009-PER-19 (June 23, 2009) :: 1631– U 32 Tucson Ecumenical Council v. Ezell, 704 F.Supp. 980 (D. Ariz. Uanreroro v. Gonzales, 443 F.3d 1197 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 926, 1989) :: 430 997, 1845 Tuffly v. DHS, 870 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 612 Ubaldo-Figueroa; U.S. v., 364 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 370, Tukhowinich v. INS, 64 F.3d 460 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1772–73, 2053 372, 417, 420, 651, 1821, 2122 Tula-Rubio v. Lynch, 787 F.3d 288 (5th Cir. 2015) :: 1463, 1744 Ubau-Marenco v. INS, 67 F.3d 750 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1833, 2060 Tulengkey v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 1277 (10th Cir. 2005) :: 1048 UBE American Inc., 2014-PER-755 (Jan. 24, 2019) :: 1696 Tu Lin v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 395 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 992 Ubeda v. Palmer, 539 F.Supp. 647 (N.D. Ill. 1982) :: 1608 Tullius v. Albright, 240 F.3d 1317 (11th Cir. 2001) :: 2282 Uboh v. Reno, 141 F.3d 1000 (11th Cir. 1998) :: 2138 Tulp v. Educ. Comm. For Foreign Medical Graduates, 376 UBS Securities LLC, 2012-PER-845 (Jan. 8, 2016) :: 1615 F.Supp.3d 531 (E.D. Pa. 2019) :: 2130 Ucelo-Gomez v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 163 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 984, Tum v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 159 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 998 993, 2078, 2081, 2096 Tun v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 1014 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 470, 665, 696 Ucelo-Gomez v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 70 (2d Cir. 2007), aff'g Mat- Tun v. INS, 445 F.3d 554 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 807, 847, 867, 884, ter of A-M-E- & J-G-U-, 24 I&N Dec. 69 (BIA 2007) :: 809, 1022, 1039 815, 824–25 Tunchez v. DOJ, 715 F.Supp.2d 49 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 606 Udagawa, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 578 (BIA 1974) :: 1299, 1306 Tun-Cos v. Perrotte, 922 F.3d 914 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 2138 Uddin v. Mayorkas, 862 F.Supp.2d 391 (E.D. Pa. 2012) :: 181, Tung v. Johnson, 159 F.Supp.3d 677 (E.D. Va. 2016) :: 323, 330, 1440, 2049 2297 Uddin v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 870 F.3d 282 (3d Cir. 2017) :: 851, 877, Tungwarara v. U.S., 400 F.Supp.2d 1213 (N.D. Cal. 2005) :: 2163 1824 Tunis v. Gonzales, 447 F.3d 547 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 874, 882, 1021 Udugampola v. Jacobs, 70 F.Supp.3d 33 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 2012 T-U-O-A-, Matter of; ID# 77945, (AAO Dec. 29, 2016) :: 1537 Udugampola v. Jacobs, 795 F.Supp.2d 96 (D.D.C. 2011) :: 2012 Turay v. Ashcroft, 405 F.3d 663 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 834 Ugochi v. North Dakota Dep't of Human Servs., 12 OCAHO no. Turbides-Leonardo; U.S. v., 468 F.3d 34 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 453 1304 (July 13, 2017) :: 2273 Turbomotive, Inc. v. Weiss, No. H-88-563 (JAC) (D. Conn. July U-H-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 355 (BIA 2002) :: 149–51, 191, 852, 27, 1989) :: 1181, 1185 877 Turcios v. INS, 821 F.2d 1396 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 986, 990, 1015 Ukay Trucking & Delivery, 2003-INA-137 (May 25, 2004) :: 1699 Turcotte, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 206 (BIA 1967) :: 1728, 1732 Ukrainian-Am. Bar Ass'n v. Baker, 893 F.2d 1374 (D.C. Cir. 1990) Turfah v. USCIS, 845 F.3d 668 (6th Cir. 2017) :: 1423, 2290–91 :: 940, 2031, 2034 Turgerel v. Mukasey, 513 F.3d 1202 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 1899, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox v. Chertoff, 630 F.Supp.2d 1984 779 (E.D. Mich. 2009) :: 1545, 1548–49 Turijan v. Holder, 744 F.3d 617 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 135 Uli v. Mukasey, 533 F.3d 950 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 790 Turkhan v. Lynch, 836 F.3d 843 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 1726, 1834 Ulloa, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 725 (BIA 1999) :: 232, 598, 1803 Turkhan v. Perryman, 188 F.3d 814 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 2122 Ulloa v. Al's All Tree Serv., Inc., 768 N.Y.S.2d 556 (App. Div. Turkmen v. Ashcroft, 589 F.3d 542 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 270, 516, 2003) :: 2249 2030 Uluocha, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 133 (BIA 1989) :: 520 Turkson v. Holder, 632 F.3d 117 (4th Cir. 2011) :: 1035 Ulysse v. DHS, 291 F.Supp.2d 1318 (M.D. Fla. 2003) :: 750 Turkson v. Holder, 667 F.3d 523 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 895, 1836 Ulysses, Inc.; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 409 (1992) :: 2236 Turner v. Beers, 5 F.Supp.3d 115 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 1926, 1953, U-M-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 327 (BIA 1991) :: 867, 874–75, 1847 2328 Umale, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 682 (BIA 1979) :: 1448, 1501 Turner v. Rogers, 564 U.S. 431 (2011) :: 646, 2032 Umana-Ramos v. Holder, 724 F.3d 667 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 816, 825 Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987) :: 263–64, 1421 Umanzor v. Lambert, 782 F.2d 1299 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 2031 Turner's Japanese Auto Repair; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1009 UMC Logistics, Inc., 2009-PER-188 (Dec. 17, 2009) :: 1676 (1998) :: 2223 TABLE OF CASES 2595

Umezurike v. Holder, 610 F.3d 997 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 668, 677, Uralde v. U.S., 614 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 42, 784 688, 725 Urban v. INS, 123 F.3d 644 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 1771, 2056, 2062 Un v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 205 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 786, 835 Urbina v. Holder, 745 F.3d 736 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 628 Ungar v. PLO, 402 F.3d 274 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 2152 Urbina v. U.S., 992 F.Supp. 641 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 395–96 Ungar, Estates of v. The Palestinian Auth., 153 F.Supp.2d 76 Urbina-Dore v. Holder, 735 F.3d 952 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1046 (D.R.I. 2001) :: 2153 Urbina-Mauricio v. INS, 989 F.2d 1085 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 382, 479, Unica Corp., 2010-PER-6 (Feb. 9, 2011) :: 1629 2161 Unical Aviation, Inc. v. INS, 248 F.Supp.2d 931 (C.D. Cal. 2002) Urbina-Mejia v. Holder, 597 F.3d 360 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 819, 821, :: 1181–82, 2056 876, 955 Unico Am. Corp. v. Watson, No. CV 89-6958 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 19, Urbina-Osejo v. INS, 124 F.3d 1314 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 717, 1772, 1991) :: 1184 2056 Unicolor, Inc., 2013-PER-65 (Jan. 26, 2018) :: 1690 Urena, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 140 (BIA 2009) :: 516 Unification Church v. INS, 547 F.Supp. 623 (D.D.C. 1982) :: 1546 Urena-Ramirez v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 51 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 294, Unification Church v. INS, 762 F.2d 1077 (D.C. Cir. 1985) :: 2166, 315 2179 Urena-Tavarez v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 154 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1401, Union Leader v. DHS, 940 F.Supp.2d 22 (D.N.H. 2013) :: 613 1962 Union Leader Corp. v. DHS, 749 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 264, Urgen v. Holder, 768 F.3d 269 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 784, 951 608, 615 Urgilez Mendez v. Whitaker, 910 F.3d 566 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 805, Union Pacific R.R. v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Eng'rs, 558 U.S. 814, 824 67 (2009) :: 1811, 1863, 2114 Urias-Marrufo; U.S. v., 744 F.3d 361 (5th Cir. 2014) :: 386 Unique Chemtek, Inc., 1988-INA-552 (Nov. 16, 1990) :: 1701 Uribe v. Sessions, 855 F.3d 622 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 138 Unique General Auto Repairs, 2003-INA-255 (Sept. 9, 2004) :: Uribe-Sanchez; U.S. v., 758 F.Supp.2d 1102 (S.D. Cal. 2010) :: 1649 421 Unisoft Int'l, Inc., d/b/a SMA, 2015-PER-45 (Dec. 29, 2016) :: Uriostegui v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 660 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 721, 1832, 1664, 1696 2046 Unisys, 1987-INA-555 (1988) :: 1698 Uritsky v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 728 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 120, 375, 380 United Airlines Flight UA802, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 777 (BIA Uritsky v. Ridge, 286 F.Supp.2d 842 (E.D. Mich. 2003) :: 255, 1999), aff'd, United Airlines, Inc. v. Brien, 588 F.3d 158 (2d 528, 543 Cir. 2009) :: 223, 464, 572, 1337, 1794, 1847, 1921 Urizar-Carrascoza v. Holder, 727 F.3d 27 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 649 United Ass'n of Journeymen AFL-CIO v. Reno, 73 F.3d 1134 Urooj v. Holder, 734 F.3d 1075 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 665, 671, 1055 (D.C. Cir. 1996) :: 1120 Urrutia, 1998-INA-98 (May 28, 1999) :: 1667 United Farm Workers Found., Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 454 (BIA Ursachi v. INS, 296 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 721 2014) :: 653 Ursery; U.S. v., 518 U.S. 267 (1996) :: 480 United Farm Workers of Am. v. INS, No. Civ-S-87-1064-JPM Uruci v. Holder, 558 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 843, 964 (LKK) (E.D. Cal. Sept. 18, 1990) :: 2177 U.S. v., see name of other party United Farmworkers of Am., AFL-CIO v. Chao, 227 F.Supp.2d U.S., In re; 316 F.3d 1071 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 573 102 (D.D.C. 2002) :: 1922, 2028 U.S. v. DavCo Food, Inc., No. 88-00253-A (E.D. Va. 1988) :: United Pottery Mfg. & Accessories, Inc.; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 57 2235 (May 19, 1989) :: 2211, 2224 U.S. ex rel., see real party in interest United Software, Inc., 2014-PER-315 (Apr. 20, 2018) :: 1683 U.S. v. INS, No. 89-1813, WSB ¶13,136.37 (S.D.N.Y. 1989) :: United Sports Acads., Inc., 2012-PER-914 (Nov. 4, 2015) :: 1638 521 United States Naval Acad., 2010-PER-1330 (BALCA Oct. 6, U.S. v. Southwest Marine Corp., No. 88-200036 (OCAHO no. 2011) :: 1679 1989) :: 2264 United States Parole Comm'n v. Geraghty, 445 U.S. 388 (1980) :: U.S. v. Thawer, No. 3:15-cr-63 (N.D. Tex. 2015) :: 437 2031, 2106 U.S. v. Wailolo, Inc., __ OCAHO no. __ (1999) :: 2185 United States v., see other party U.S. Bancorp Mortgage Co. v. Bonner Mall P'ship, 513 U.S. 18 Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474 (1961) :: 2063 (1994) :: 2033 Universal Contracting v. Utah Dep't of Commerce, 69 F.Supp.3d USC Operating Co., LLC, 2013-PER-1242 (Nov. 8, 2017) :: 1619 1225 (D. Utah 2014) :: 54, 2237 USD 501, 2014-PER-137 (Jan. 16, 2018) :: 1687, 1695 Universal Dying & Printing, 2012-PER-1956 (Feb. 26, 2016) :: Useinovic v. INS, 313 F.3d 1025 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 949, 1776, 1680 1847 Universal Dying & Printing, 2012-PER-2365 (Feb. 26, 2016) :: U.S. Gypsum Co.; U.S. v., 333 U.S. 364 (1948) :: 1837 1681 U. Singh, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 670 (BIA 2012) :: 1818 University of Cal.—Berkeley, 2016-PER-38 (Aug. 30, 2018) :: Uskokovic v. Sullivan, 772 F.Supp. 387 (N.D. Ill. 1991) :: 2176 1616, 1710 Usman v. Holder, 566 F.3d 262 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 2036 University of Miami; Administrator, WHD v., 2009-LCA-26 (July 6, Usmani v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 483 F.3d 1147 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 2012) :: 1214 1486, 1785 University of Miami, Miller Sch. of Med.; Administrator, WHD v., Uspango v. Ashcroft, 289 F.3d 226 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 583 ARB Nos. 10-090, 10-093 (ARB Dec. 20, 2011) :: 1171, 1200–1201 U.S. Postal Serv. Bd. of Governors v. Aikens, 460 U.S. 711 (1983) :: 2272 University of Mich., 2015-PWD-6 (Nov. 18, 2015) :: 1205–6, 1680–81 U.S. Telecom Ass'n v. FCC, 400 F.3d 29 (D.C. Cir. 2005) :: 1931 University of N.C., 1990-INA-422 (June 9, 1992) :: 1682, 1696 Ustyan v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 1215 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 834 University of Tex. at Brownsville, 2010-PER-887 (July 20, 2011) :: Utah Coal. of La Raza v. Herbert, 26 F.Supp.3d 1125 (D. Utah 1626, 1703, 1710, 1712 2014) :: 54 University of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar, 570 U.S. 338 (2013) :: Utah Constr. & Mining Co.; U.S. v., 384 U.S. 394 (1966) :: 567 2252 Utah Life Real Estate Grp. v. USCIS, 259 F.Supp.3d 1294 (D. University of Wisc.—Oshkosh, 2011-PWD-3 (Mar. 27, 2012) :: Utah 2017) :: 1919 1681 Uthaiwan Wong-Opasi v. Tennessee Bd. of Regents, 8 OCAHO Unknown Parties v. Johnson, No. 15-00250, 2016 WL 267009 (D. no. 1037 (1999) :: 2266 Ariz. Jan. 11, 2016) :: 268 Uvalle-Patricio; U.S. v., 478 F.3d 699 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 436 Unuakhaulu v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 931 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 878, Uwais v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 478 F.3d 513 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 807, 1009 957, 1960, 1969 Uwase v. Ashcroft, 349 F.3d 1039 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 951, 958, Upatcha v. Sessions, 849 F.3d 181 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 1396, 1401, 960, 987, 989, 996, 1049, 2064 1837 Uwineza v. Holder, 781 F.3d 797 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 660, 961, 1875 Uppal v. Holder, 605 F.3d 712 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 126, 129, 131– Uzodinma v. Barr, 951 F.3d 960 (8th Cir. 2020) :: 950, 956, 1838 32, 134, 2080 Uzuegbu v. Caplinger, 745 F.Supp. 1200 (E.D. La. 1990) :: 2043, 2119, 2243 2596 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Valenzuela-Bernal; U.S. v., 458 U.S. 858 (1982) :: 444 V Valenzuela-Felix, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 53 (BIA 2012) :: 68, 77, V-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 78 (BIA 1944) :: 280 130, 274 V-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 100 (BIA 1950) :: 141 Valenzuela Gallardo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 838 (BIA 2012), rev'd, Valenzuela Gallardo v. Lynch, 818 F.3d 808 (9th Cir. V-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 143 (BIA 1950) :: 1498 2016) :: 339, 1817, 2070 V-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 577 (1957) :: 398 Valenzuela Gallardo, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 449 (BIA 2018) :: V-A-C-, Matter of; ID# 858900 (AAO Mar. 23, 2018) :: 1358 144, 339, 390 Vaca-Tellez v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 665 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 330, 341, Valenzuela-Perez; U.S. v., 812 F.Supp.2d 1274 (D.N.M. 2011) :: 398, 679, 2041, 2044 451 Vacchio v. Ashcroft, 404 F.3d 663 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 2168, 2173– Valenzuela-Solari v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 53 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 283, 74 1999 Vac-Tec Sys., Inc., 1988-INA-353 (Aug. 2, 1989) :: 1665 Valeriano v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 669 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1883 Vaduva v. INS, 131 F.3d 689 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 843, 968 Valerio v. INS, 86 F.Supp.2d 1009 (D. Haw. 1999) :: 2292 Vaello Madero; U.S. v., 356 F.Supp.3d 208 (D.P.R. 2019) :: 39, Valerio-Ochoa v. INS, 241 F.3d 1092 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 294 1508 Valerio-Ramirez v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 111 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 872 Vafaei-Makhsoos, In re Naturalization of; 597 F.Supp. 499 (D. Valerio-Ramirez v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 289 (1st Cir. 2018) :: 873, Minn. 1984) :: 2293 878 Vahora v. Holder, 626 F.3d 907 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 698, 1046, Valle v. INS, 80 F.App'x 947 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 2311 1968, 2043 Vallechilo-Castillo v. INS, 121 F.3d 1237 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 842 Vahora v. Holder, 641 F.3d 1038 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 862 Vallecillo-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 770 F.Supp.2d 1194 (D.N.M. 2011) Vahora v. Holder, 707 F.3d 504 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 801–2 :: 451 Vail-Bailon; U.S. v., 868 F.3d 1293 (11th Cir. 2017) (en banc) :: Valle del Sol v. Whiting, 732 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 51, 318, 321 1954, 2016, 2021 Vaillancourt, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 654 (RC 1970) :: 1287 Valle del Sol v. Whiting, No. 2:10-cv-01061-SRB (D. Ariz. Sept. 4, Vakker v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 519 F.3d 143 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 276, 2015) :: 51 1479, 2101 Vallejo Piedrahita v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 142 (1st Cir. 2008) :: Valad, In re; 465 F.Supp. 120 (E.D. Va. 1979) :: 2299 1995 Valadez; State v., 874 N.W.2d 514 (Wis. 2016) :: 383 Valle-Ramirez; U.S. v., 908 F.3d 981 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 321, 399 Valansi v. Ashcroft, 278 F.3d 203 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 334, 336, 346, Valles, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 769 (BIA 1997) :: 520, 528 1959, 2071, 2109 Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separa- Valbrun v. Hogan, 439 F.3d 136 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1997 tion of Church & State, Inc., 454 U.S. 464 (1982) :: 2016 Valdavinos-Torres; U.S. v., 704 F.3d 679 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 308 Valley Rain Constr. Corp., 2020-TLN-2 (Oct. 29, 2019) :: 1246 Valderrama v. INS, 260 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 1868 Valmonte v. INS, 136 F.3d 914 (2d Cir. 1998) :: 2279 Valderrama-Fonseca v. INS, 116 F.3d 853 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 371 Valona v. U.S., 138 F.3d 693 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 1946 Valdes-Vega; U.S. v., 738 F.3d 1074 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc) :: Valona v. U.S. Parole Comm'n, 165 F.3d 508 (7th Cir. 1998) :: 494 1920 Valdez, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 496 (BIA 2018) :: 180 Valore v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 700 F.Supp.2d 52 (D.D.C. Valdez v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 407 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1395 2010) :: 2159 Valdez v. U.S., 58 F.Supp.3d 798 (W.D. Mich. 2014) :: 2139 Valtierra-Rojas; U.S. v., 468 F.3d 1235 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 453 Valdez; U.S. v., 103 F.3d 95 (10th Cir. 1996) :: 458 Van Bui D.D.S., 2009-PER-144 (July 1, 2009) :: 1614 Valdez; U.S. v., 917 F.2d 466 (10th Cir. 1990) :: 422 Vance v. Ball State Univ., 570 U.S. 421 (2013) :: 2252 Valdez-Gaona v. INS, 817 F.2d 1164 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 153 Vance v. Terrazas, 444 U.S. 252 (1980) :: 2328 Valdez-Munoz v. Holder, 623 F.3d 1304 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 177, Vance v. U.S., 676 F.2d 183 (5th Cir. 1982) :: 432 1766 Vanchurina v. Holder, 619 F.3d 95 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 814, 833, Valdez-Novoa; U.S. v., 780 F.3d 906 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 416, 418, 1022 422, 598 Vander Sterre, 1995-INA-511 (July 28, 1997) :: 1656, 1676 Valdez-Sanchez v. Gonzales, 485 F.3d 1084 (10th Cir. 2007) :: Van Dinh v. Reno, 197 F.3d 427 (10th Cir. 1999) :: 1955, 1964, 743, 1487, 1990, 2120 2104 Valdez-Valdez; U.S. v., 143 F.3d 196 (5th Cir. 1998) :: 458 Van Don Nguyen v. Holder, 571 F.3d 524 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 324, Valdivia v. INS, 80 F.Supp.2d 326 (D.N.J. 2000) :: 1940 693, 2111 Valdivia-Flores; U.S. v., 876 F.3d 1201 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 312, 342, Van Dos Reis v. Holder, 606 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 648, 716 412, 470, 736, 1820 Vanegas-Ramirez v. Holder, 768 F.3d 226 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 488, Valdiviez-Hernandez v. Holder, 739 F.3d 184 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 585, 629, 649 736–37, 2002 Vang v. INS, 146 F.3d 1114 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 853, 855, 911 Valdiviezo-Galdamez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 502 F.3d 285 (3d Cir. Varela, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 453 (BIA 1970) :: 2070 2007) :: 800 Varela v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 864 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 571, 1793 Valdiviezo-Galdamez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 663 F.3d 582 (3d Cir. Varela v. INS, 204 F.3d 1237 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 709, 1884 2011) :: 806, 808, 810, 886–87, 889, 964, 2084 Varela-Blanco v. INS, 18 F.3d 584 (8th Cir. 1994) :: 1759 Valdovinos-Valdovinos; U.S. v., 588 F.Supp. 551 (N.D. Cal.), rev'd on other grounds, 743 F.2d 1436 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 430 Varela-Delgado; U.S. v., 547 F.Supp.2d 704 (W.D. Tex. 2008) :: 493, 501 Valenca Bar & Liquors, Inc.; U.S. v., 7 OCAHO no. 995 (1998) :: 2196 Vargas, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 651 (BIA 2004), aff'd, 448 F.3d 159 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 322, 326, 682 Valencia, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 354 (BIA 1986) :: 1824 Vargas, In re; 131 A.D.3d 410, N.Y.S.3d 579 (N.Y. App. Div. 2d Valencia v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 1046 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 326 Dep't 2015) :: 55 Valencia v. Holder, 657 F.3d 745 (8th Cir. 2011) :: 1883 Vargas v. Beth, 378 F.Supp.3d 716 (E.D. Wis. 2019) :: 253 Valencia v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 1211 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 1483, 2075 Vargas v. DHS, 451 F.3d 1105 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 303 Valencia v. Mukasey, 548 F.3d 1261 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 476, 598, Vargas v. Holder, 567 F.3d 387 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1726, 1969 941 Vargas v. INS, 826 F.2d 1394 (5th Cir. 1987) :: 2000 Valencia-Alvarez v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 1319 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 569, 628, 1748 Vargas v. INS, 831 F.2d 906 (9th Cir. 1987) :: 2001 Valencia-Fragoso v. INS, 321 F.3d 1204 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 722 Vargas v. INS, 938 F.2d 358 (2d Cir. 1991) :: 1867, 2046 Valenzuela, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 867 (BIA 2012) :: 1333 Vargas v. Kiewit La. Co., 2012 WL 2952171 (S.D. Tex. July 18, 2012) :: 2253 Valenzuela v. Ducey, 329 F.Supp.3d 982 (D. Ariz. 2018) :: 1513 Vargas v. Lynch, 214 F.Supp.3d 388 (E.D. Pa. 2016) :: 1456, Valenzuela v. Michel, 726 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 189 1962 Valenzuela; U.S. v., 931 F.3d 605 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 2299 Vargas v. Swan, 854 F.2d 1028 (7th Cir. 1988) :: 537, 1937 Valenzuela-Alcantar v. INS, 309 F.3d 946 (6th Cir. 2002) :: 1963 Vargas; U.S. v., 380 F.Supp. 1162 (E.D.N.Y. 1974) :: 434 TABLE OF CASES 2597

Vargas; U.S. v., 477 F.3d 94 (3d Cir. 2007) :: 388, 446 Vatyan v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1179 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 678 Vargas; U.S. v., 479 F.Supp.2d 252 (D.R.I. 2007) :: 414 Vazquez, Matter of (AAO July 31, 2007) :: 1056 Vargas-Cordon; U.S. v., 733 F.3d 366 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 428 Vazquez v. Sessions, 885 F.3d 862 (5th Cir. 2018) :: 146, 291, Vargas-Garcia v. INS, 287 F.3d 882 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1824 357, 2036 Vargas-Hernandez v. Gonzales, 497 F.3d 919 (9th Cir. 2007) :: Vazquez Barrera v. Wolf, No. 4:20-CV-1241, 2020 WL 1904497 121, 380, 592, 727, 1833 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 17, 2020) :: 88 Vargas-Molina, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 651 (BIA 1971) :: 275 Vazquez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 849 F.3d 1219 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 403 Vargas-Molina; U.S. v., 392 F.Supp.3d 809 (E.D. Mich. 2019) :: VB Hospitality LLC, 2011-PER-2487 (May 28, 2013) :: 1645 413, 415–16 V-C- LLC, Matter of; ID# 4642129 (AAO May 24, 2019) :: 1605 Vargas Ramirez v. U.S., 93 F.Supp.3d 1207 (W.D. Wash. 2015) :: Vega v. Holder, 611 F.3d 1168 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1864 490, 2135–36 Vega; U.S. v., 99 F.Supp.3d 644 (M.D. La. 2015) :: 493 Vargas-Sarmiento v. DOJ, 448 F.3d 159 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 348 Vega-Anguiano v. Barr, 942 F.3d 945 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 1795, Varghai v. INS, 932 F.Supp. 1245 (D. Or. 1996) :: 2316 1990, 2052 Variamparambil v. INS, 831 F.2d 1362 (7th Cir. 1987) :: 2037 Vega-Ayala v. Lynch, 833 F.3d 34 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 824 Varig Airlines; U.S. v., 467 U.S. 797 (1984) :: 2134 Vega-Castillo; U.S. v., 540 F.3d 1235 (11th Cir. 2008) :: 388 Varig Brazilian Airlines, Flight No. 830, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. Vega-Ortiz; U.S. v., 822 F.3d 1031 1034-36 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 308 744 (BIA 1997) :: 464 Vela; U.S. v., 486 F.Supp.2d 587 (W.D. Tex. 2005) :: 500 Vartelas v. Holder, 620 F.3d 108 (2d Cir. 2010), overruled on Vela-Estrada v. Lynch, 817 F.3d 69 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 1816, 2042 other grounds, 566 U.S. 257 (2012) :: 46, 76–77, 121, 253, Velarde v. INS, 140 F.3d 1305 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1029 286, 1753, 1757, 2117, 2119 Velarde-Pacheco, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 253 (BIA 2002) :: 276, Varughese v. Holder, 629 F.3d 272 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 315, 361 592, 1403, 1470, 1479, 1786, 1833, 1867 Vasconcelos v. Lynch, 841 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 1114 Vela-Robles; U.S. v., 397 F.3d 786 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 403 Vasha v. Gonzales, 410 F.3d 863 (6th Cir. 2005) :: 661, 958, 980, Velasco, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 281 (BIA 1977) :: 390 1814 Velasco, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 143 (BIA 2009) :: 1736–38 Vasilatos; U.S. v., 209 F.2d 195 (3d Cir. 1954) :: 403 Velasco v. Holder, 736 F.3d 944 (10th Cir. 2013) :: 1765 Vasile v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 766 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1905, 1986 Velasco-Cervantes v. Holder, 593 F.3d 975 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 819 Vasili v. Holder, 732 F.3d 83 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 833, 838 Velasco-Giron v. Holder, 773 F.3d 774 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 2067 Vasiliu v. Holder, 651 F.3d 1185 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 382, 387, Velasco-Medina; U.S. v., 305 F.3d 839 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 419 1899 Velasco-Tijero v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 617 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 1762, Vasquez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 817 (BIA 2012) :: 1430, 2075, 1831 2118 Velasquez, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 377 (BIA 1986) :: 629, 634, Vasquez v. County of Los Angeles, 349 F.3d 634 (9th Cir. 2003) 647, 649–50 :: 2273 Velasquez, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 278 (BIA 2010) :: 298, 317, Vasquez v. Holder, 602 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1394, 1401, 324 1415, 1789 Velasquez v. Nelson, No. 1262-CIV-Ryskamp (S.D. Fla. 1986) :: Vasquez v. Holder, 635 F.3d 563 (1st Cir. 2011) :: 1766, 1998 584 Vasquez v. Ilchert, 614 F.Supp. 538 (N.D. Cal. 1985) :: 1887 Velasquez v. Reno, 37 F.Supp.2d 663 (D.N.J. 1999) :: 529, 544 Vasquez v. INS, 177 F.3d 62 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 808 Velasquez v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 188 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 825, 1006, Vasquez v. INS, 767 F.2d 598 (9th Cir. 1985) :: 1887 1045 Vasquez v. McPherson, 285 F.Supp.2d 334 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) :: Velasquez-Banegas v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 258 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 496 665, 1012, 1019, 1049 Vasquez v. Reno, 233 F.3d 688 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 1940 Velasquez-Cruz, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 458 (BIA 2014) :: 1766 Vasquez; U.S. v., 298 F.3d 354 (5th Cir. 2002) :: 495 Velasquez-Cruz; U.S. v., 929 F.2d 420 (8th Cir. 1991) :: 427 Vasquez-Abarca; U.S. v., 946 F.3d 990 (7th Cir. 2020) :: 448 Velasquez-Escovar v. Holder, 768 F.3d 1000 (9th Cir. 2014) :: Vasquez-Alcarez; U.S. v., 647 F.3d 973 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 452 576, 582, 722 Vasquez-Benitez; U.S. v., 919 F.3d 546 (D.C. Cir. 2019) :: 540 Velasquez-Gabriel v. Crocetti, 263 F.3d 102 (4th Cir. 2001) :: Vasquez-Cruz; U.S. v., 692 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 451 745–46, 1989 Vasquez de Alcantar v. Holder, 645 F.3d 1097 (9th Cir. 2011) :: Velasquez-Garcia v. Holder, 760 F.3d 571 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 1430, 1452, 1744 2075, 2118–19 Vasquez-Escobar; U.S. v., 30 F.Supp.2d 1364 (M.D. Fla. 1998) :: Velasquez-Rios, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 470 (BIA 2018) :: 286, 462 379, 1762 Vasquez-Flores; U.S. v., 265 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 331 Velasquez-Tabir v. INS, 127 F.3d 456 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 466–67, Vasquez Flores; U.S. v., 362 F.Supp.3d 349 (W.D. Va. 2019) :: 2247 412 Velasquez-Torrez; U.S. v., 609 F.3d 743 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 448, Vasquez-Gonzalez; U.S. v., 901 F.3d 1060 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 321, 452 417, 422 Velasquez-Valencia v. INS, 244 F.3d 48 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 793, Vasquez-Hernandez v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1053 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 835 122, 297, 1763 Velasquez Velasquez; U.S. v., 524 F.3d 1248 (11th Cir. 2008) :: Vasquez-Hernandez; U.S. v., 924 F.3d 164 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 441 446, 460, 867 Vasquez-Lopez v. Ashcroft, 343 F.3d 961 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1766 Velazquez v. INS, 876 F.Supp. 1071 (D. Minn. 1995) :: 1395, Vasquez-Martinez v. Holder, 564 F.3d 712 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 308, 1915 692, 1724, 1750 Velazquez-Herrera, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 503 (BIA 2008) :: 298 Vasquez-Mondragon v. INS, 560 F.2d 1225 (5th Cir. 1977) :: Velazquez-Herrera v. Gonzales, 466 F.3d 781 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 1413 299, 2096 Vasquez Monroy v. DHS, 396 F.Supp.3d 1206 (S.D. Fla. 2019) :: Velazquez-Overa; U.S. v., 100 F.3d 418 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 322 764 Velez v. Sanchez, 693 F.3d 308 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 2143, 2148, Vasquez-Muniz, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 207 (BIA 2002) :: 316, 2248 344 Velez v. Sanchez, 754 F.Supp.2d 488 (E.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 2143, Vasquez Salazar v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 643 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 2152 1819 Velez-Duenas v. Swacina, 875 F.Supp.2d 1372 (S.D. Fla. 2012) Vasquez-Valle v. Sessions, 899 F.3d 834 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 125, :: 1415, 1417 127, 143 Velez-Lotero v. Achim, 414 F.3d 776 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 1755–56 Vasquez-Velezmoro v. INS, 281 F.3d 693 (8th Cir. 2002) :: 374 Velez-Lozano v. INS, 463 F.2d 1305 (D.C. Cir. 1972) :: 284, 287 Vasquez-Zavala v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 1105 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 583 Velezmoro v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 1231 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1472, Vassell v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 839 F.3d 1352 (11th Cir. 2016) :: 146, 1720 292, 329, 331, 337, 354, 357 Veliz v. Rental Serv. Corp., 313 F.Supp.2d 1317 (M.D. Fla. 2003) Vatulev v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 1207 (10th Cir. 2003) :: 791, 2001 :: 2253 2598 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Vella, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 138 (BIA 2017) :: 227 Vieira Garcia v. INS, 239 F.3d 409 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 41, 121, 380 Veloza; U.S. v., 83 F.3d 380 (11th Cir. 1996) :: 459 Vielma-Ortiz, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 414 (BIA 1965) :: 1502, 2329 Veloz-Alonso; U.S. v., 910 F.3d 266 (6th Cir. 2018) :: 540, 2113 Vietnam Ass'n for Victims of Agent Orange v. Dow Chemical Co., Veloz-Luvevano v. Lynch, 799 F.3d 1308 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 133, 517 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 2143 559 Vigil, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 572 (BIA 1988) :: 794, 796, 806 Veltmann-Barragan v. Holder, 717 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 2013) :: Vila v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 598 F.3d 1255 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 227 1938 Vilardo Vineyards; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO no. 1248 (CAHO Apr. 15, Vemuri v. Napolitano, 845 F.Supp.2d 125 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 2025 2015) :: 2211, 2236 Ven v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 357 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 1038, 2086 Vilchez v. Holder, 682 F.3d 1195 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 471, 667, 701 Venckiene v. U.S., 929 F.3d 843 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 461 Vilchiz-Soto v. Holder, 688 F.3d 642 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1972 Vendrell-Pena; U.S. v., 700 F.Supp. 1174 (D.P.R. 1988) :: 496 Vilela v. Holder, 620 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 833 Venegas-Vasquez; U.S. v., 376 F.Supp.3d 1094 (D. Or. 2019) :: Villa v. Barr, 924 F.3d 370 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 1990 442 Villa v. DHS, 607 F.Supp.2d 359 (N.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 1980 Vente v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 296 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 795, 1009 Villa-Anguiano v. Holder, 727 F.3d 873 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 744 Ventress v. Japan Airlines, 486 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1309 Villafranca v. Lynch, 797 F.3d 91 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1043 Ventura v. INS, 264 F.3d 1150 (9th Cir. 2001), rev'd on other Villafranca v. U.S., 587 F.3d 287 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 2137 grounds, 537 U.S. 12 (2002) :: 807, 832, 843, 892, 949, Villalba, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 842 (BIA 1997) :: 700 1006, 1051, 1849, 2096, 2100 Villalobos, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 719 (BIA 2016) :: 1743, 1810 Ventura; U.S. v., 447 F.3d 375 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 502 Villa-Londono v. Holder, 600 F.3d 21 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 985 Ventura; U.S. v., 650 F.3d 746 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 448–49, 453 Villalta, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 142 (BIA 1990) :: 795, 1006 Ventura-Escamilla v. INS, 647 F.2d 28 (9th Cir. 1981) :: 2011 Villalta-Martinez v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 20 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 830, Venzor-Castillo; U.S. v., 991 F.2d 634 (10th Cir. 1993) :: 502 1006, 1022 Venzor-Granillo; U.S. v., 668 F.3d 1224 (10th Cir. 2012), over- Villa-Melchor; U.S. v., 389 F.Supp.2d 755 (W.D. Tex. 2005) :: 410 ruled as to divisibility analysis, Jimenez v. Sessions, 893 Villa Mia Inc., 2011-PER-2062 (Aug. 19, 2014) :: 1644 F.3d 704 (10th Cir. 2018) :: 125, 141, 330, 340, 351 Villanueva, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 733 (DAC 1977) :: 1181 Vera v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 672 F.3d 187 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1114 Villanueva, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 101 (BIA 1984) :: 2317 Verano-Velasco v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 456 F.3d 1372 (11th Cir. Villanueva v. Holder, 784 F.3d 51 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 324, 901 2006) :: 921, 1860, 1886 Villanueva; U.S. v., 408 F.3d 193 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 425 Vera-Valdevinos v. Lynch, 649 F.App'x 597 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 307, Villanueva-Bustillos v. Marin, 370 F.Supp.3d 1083 (C.D. Cal. 415 2018) :: 765 Vera-Valera v. INS, 147 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 808, 832, Villanueva-Diaz; U.S. v., 634 F.3d 844 (5th Cir. 2011) :: 410, 418 1013 Villanueva-Franco v. INS, 802 F.2d 327 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1742 Vera-Villegas v. INS, 330 F.3d 1222 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1773, 1781, Villanueva-Martinez; U.S. v., 707 F.Supp.2d 855 (N.D. Iowa) :: 1839, 2064–65 541 Verde-Rodriguez v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 734 F.3d 198 (3d Cir. 2013) Villarreal v. Horn, 207 F.Supp.3d 700 (S.D. Tex. 2016) :: 2333 :: 1990 Villarreal Silva; U.S. v., 931 F.3d 330 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 248, 251, Verdesi v. Ark Rustic Inn, LLC d/b/a Rustic Inn Crabhouse, 13 401, 410, 423, 1907, 1947, 1984, 2102 OCAHO no. 1311 (May 11, 2018) :: 2261 Villarreal-Zuniga, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 886 (BIA 2006) :: 725, Verdugo, 2003-INA-158 (2004) :: 1693 1452, 1480, 1501 Verdugo-Gonzalez v. Holder, 581 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 329 Villars v. Kubiatowski, 45 F.Supp.3d 791 (N.D. Ill. 2014) :: 536, Verdugo-Urquidez; U.S. v., 494 U.S. 259 (1990) :: 42, 484 736, 1353, 2132 Verduzco-Rangel; U.S. v., 884 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 309 Villars v. Villars, 336 P.3d 701, 712 (Alaska 2014) :: 116 Vergara; U.S. v., 884 F.3d 1309 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 501, 504 Villas at Parkside Partners v. City of Farmers Branch, 726 F.3d Vermillion Ranch Ltd. P'ship, 2014-TLC-2 (Dec. 5, 2013) :: 1229 524 (5th Cir. 2013) (en banc) :: 48, 53 Vermont Agency of Commerce & Cmty. Dev. Reg'l Ctr., In re; No. Villatoro v. Holder, 760 F.3d 872 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 126, 128, 139 RCW1031910148, AAO18-900-00630 (AAO Oct. 1, 2019) :: Villatoro-Guzman; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 540 (July 9, 1993) :: 466 1579 Villatoro-Ochoa v. Lynch, 844 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2017) :: 1878 Vetcher v. Barr, 953 F.3d 361 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 146, 291, 357, Villatoro-Ventura; U.S. v., 330 F.Supp.3d 1118 (N.D. Iowa 2018) 474, 871 :: 540 Vetcher v. Sessions, 316 F.Supp.3d 70 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1895, Villavicencio v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 658 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 307, 1912, 1942 341, 351 Vetimed Inc., 2015-PER-535 (Feb. 27, 2018) :: 1647, 1653 Villavicencio-Burruel; U.S. v., 608 F.3d 556 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 324, V-F-D-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 859 (BIA 2006) :: 303, 791, 1815, 356, 411 1835 Villavicencio-Rojas v. Lynch, 811 F.3d 1216 (9th Cir. 2016) :: 148, V-F-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 792 (BIA 1997) :: 829, 964 374, 392–93 Vicente D. DeDios v. Medical Dynamic Sys., Inc., 2013-LCA-9 Villegas v. INS, 745 F.2d 950 (5th Cir. 1984) :: 941 (May 17, 2016) :: 1198, 1214 Villegas v. Metropolitan Gov't of Davidson Cnty., 789 F.Supp.2d Vicente-Elias v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 1086 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 792– 895 (M.D. Tenn. 2011), rev'd on other grounds, 709 F.3d 93 563 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 265, 2130–31 Vickerage; U.S. v., 921 F.2d 143 (8th Cir. 1990) :: 433, 1420 Villegas v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 984 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 882, 884 Victor v. Holder, 616 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1858 Villegas v. O'Neill, 626 F.Supp. 1241 (S.D. Tex. 1986) :: 1916 Victoria-Faustino v. Sessions, 865 F.3d 869 (7th Cir. 2017) :: Villegas; U.S. v., 495 F.3d 761 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 508 339–40, 737 Villegas de la Paz v. Holder, 614 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 742, Victorino, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 259 (BIA 1982) :: 585, 941, 1990 1818 Villegas de la Paz v. Holder, 640 F.3d 650 (6th Cir. 2010) :: 474, Victorio Auto Body, Inc., 2013-PER-803 (June 2, 2017) :: 1618 699, 744, 746, 2086 Vicuña v. Westfourth Architecture, P.C. & Arsene, ARB No. 15- Villegas-Miranda; U.S. v., 579 F.3d 798 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 460 034 (Apr. 6, 2015) :: 1218 Villegas-Sarabia v. Sessions, 874 F.3d 871 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 39, Vidal v. Gonzales, 491 F.3d 250 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1740 143, 390, 2281 Vidal; U.S. v., 504 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2007) (en banc) :: 329, Villegas-Valenzuela v. INS, 103 F.3d 805 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 464, 342, 387 466 Vidal-Mendoza; U.S. v., 705 F.3d 1012 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 416 Villela v. Hinojosa, 730 F.Supp.2d 624 (W.D. Tex. 2010) :: 1938 Vides Casanova, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 494 (BIA 2015) :: 282, Viloria v. Lynch, 808 F.3d 764 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 1901 572, 665, 951, 963, 1794 Vilos, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 61 (BIA 1967) :: 1454 Vidinski v. Lynch, 840 F.3d 912 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 619, 673, 1415 Vinayagam v. Cronous Solutions, Inc., 2013-LCA-29 (Mar. 27, Viegas v. Holder, 699 F.3d 798 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 196, 852 2015) :: 1201 Vieira-Candelario; U.S. v., 6 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 1993) :: 421 TABLE OF CASES 2599

Vincent v. Holder, 632 F.3d 351 (6th Cir. 2011) :: 792, 864 V. Real Estate Grp., Inc. v. USCIS, 85 F.Supp.3d 1200 (D. Nev. Vincente D. DeDios v. Medical Dynamic Sys., Inc., 2013-LCA-9 2015) :: 1592, 2016 (May 17, 2016) :: 1200 Vrljicak v. Holder, 700 F.3d 1060 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 864, 1987 Vincenti, In re; 704 A.2d 927, 931 (N.J. 1998) :: 656 V-S-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 703 (BIA 1946) :: 138 Vincent Trimarco, Jr. 2003-INA-293 (Sept. 27, 2004) :: 1660, V-S-G-, Matter of; Adopted Decision, 2017-06 (AAO Nov. 11, 1701 2017) :: 1600, 2025 Vindman, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 131 (RC 1977) :: 104, 1472 V-T-S-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 792 (BIA 1997) :: 786 Vine v. Republic of Iraq, 459 F.Supp.2d 10 (D.D.C. 2006) :: 2159 Vue v. INS, 92 F.3d 696 (8th Cir. 1996) :: 295, 681 Vinh Tan Nguyen v. Holder, 763 F.3d 1022 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 127, Vujisic v. INS, 224 F.3d 578 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 797, 842 142, 891, 1041, 2097 Vukmirovic v. Ashcroft, 362 F.3d 1247 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 780–81, VIP Express, Inc., 2002-INA-289 (Jan. 22, 2004) :: 1700 931, 1814 Viracacha v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 511 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1986, 2101 Vukmirovic v. Holder, 640 F.3d 977 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 722 Viraj LLC, 2015-PER-575 (June 29, 2019) :: 1682 Vuksanovic v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 439 F.3d 1308 (11th Cir. 2006) :: Viramontes-Alvarado; U.S. v., 149 F.3d 912 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 126, 138 2282 Vumi v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 150 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 807, 819, 830, Virginia Carolina Constr., 2009-PER-416 (June 29, 2010) :: 1668 1006 Virginia General Servs., Inc., 2007-PER-22 (Apr. 24, 2007) :: V&V Paint & Body, LLC, 2013-PER-682 (Apr. 14, 2017) :: 1650 1625 V-X-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 147 (BIA 2013) :: 75, 120, 313, 785, Virginia Millwork, Inc., 2008-INA-7 (Feb. 11, 2008) :: 1682 1054, 1744 Virginian R. Co., 272 U.S. 658 (1926) :: 2088 Vyasabattu v. eSemantiks, 2008-LCA-22, ARB No. 10-17 (ARB Virgin Islands Dep't of Educ., 2012-PER-1408, et al. (May 22, Feb. 11, 2015) :: 1211 2015) :: 1663, 1693, 1698 Vyloha v. Barr, 929 F.3d 812 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 713 Viridiana v. Holder, 646 F.3d 1230 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 864, 1903, V-Z-S-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1338 (BIA 2000) :: 328, 330 1987 Virk v. INS, 295 F.3d 1055 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 1415, 1789–90, W 1889, 2055, 2062 Vish, LLC, 2016-PER-834 (Jan. 31, 2020) :: 1666 W-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 68 (BIA 1944) :: 98 Visinscaia v. Beers, 4 F.Supp.3d 126 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 1520, W-, Matter of; 4 I&N Dec. 401 (BIA 1961) :: 137 1522–23, 2053, 2061 W-, Matter of; 5 I&N Dec. 759 (BIA 1954) :: 142 Visiontron Corp.; U.S. v., 13 OCAHO no. 1348 (Mar. 17, 2020) :: W-, Matter of; 6 I&N Dec. 832 (BIA 1955) :: 1120 2222, 2225 W-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 16 (BIA 1958) :: 1409 Visoso v. Cargill Meat Solutions, No. A-09-339 (Nebraska Work- Wadas, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 346 (BIA 1980) :: 941 ers Comp. Ct. Dec. 8, 2009) :: 2251 Wadelton v. DOS, 941 F.Supp.2d 120 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 603 Vistronix, Inc., 2015-PER-298 (Mar. 31, 2017) :: 1660, 1669 Wadud, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 182 (BIA 1984) :: 671, 1758 Vitale v. INS, 463 F.2d 579 (7th Cir. 1972) :: 68, 403 W-A-F-C-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 880 (BIA 2016) :: 703 Vito Volpe Landscaping, 1991-INA-300 (Sept. 29, 1993) (en Waffle House, Inc., 2010-PER-799 (Dec. 15, 2010) :: 1614 banc) :: 1691 Wagdy v. Sullivan, 316 F.Supp.3d 257 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 628, 1919 Vitug v. Holder, 723 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 792, 1019, 1035, Waggoner v. Gonzales, 488 F.3d 632 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1395, 1836, 2053 1859, 2071 Vivas, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 68 (BIA 1977) :: 690 Wagner v. Chertoff, 607 F.Supp.2d 1192 (D. Nev. 2009) :: 2168– Vivas-Ceja; U.S. v., 808 F.3d 719 (7th Cir. 2015) :: 353 69, 2173 Vizcaino, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 644 (BIA 1988) :: 1375 Wailua Associates, 1988-INA-533 (June 14, 1989) :: 1638 Vizcarra-Ayala v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 338, Wainwright v. Torna, 455 U.S. 586 (1982) :: 641 345 W.A. Islamic Republic of Iran, 427 F.Supp.3d 117 (D.D.C. 2019) Vizcarra-Delgadillo, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 51 (BIA 1968) :: 578, :: 2157 598 Wajda v. Holder, 727 F.3d 457 (6th Cir. 2013), aff'g Matter of M- V-K-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 500 (BIA 2008) :: 895, 1035, 1835 W-, 25 I&N Dec. 748 (BIA 2012) :: 305, 2058 V-L-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 10 (BIA 1947) :: 136 Wakileh v. Western Kentucky Univ., 2003-LCA-23 (Oct. 6, 2003) Vladimirov v. Lynch, 805 F.3d 955 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 476, 662, :: 1217 673 Wakkary v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 791, 848, 864 Vladimirova v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 690 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 788, 970, W-A-L-, Matter of; ID# 5497581 (AAO Aug. 26, 2019) :: 902 1010, 1986 Wala v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 102 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 126, 140, 364, VLS IT Consulting, Inc., 2012-PER-1769 (Apr. 26, 2016) :: 1623, 684, 2046 1690 Walcott v. Chertoff, 517 F.3d 149 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 381, 2010 Vo, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 426 (BIA 2011) :: 287 Waldei, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 189 (BIA 1984) :: 935 Vo v. Greene, 109 F.Supp.2d 1281 (D. Colo. 2000) :: 2004 Walden Station Inc. d/b/a Walden Grille; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. Vo; U.S. v., 53 F.Supp.3d 77 (D.D.C 2014) :: 444 1053 (2000) :: 2196 Voci v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d 607 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 788, 955, 1844 Waldman v. PLO, 835 F.3d 317 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 2152 Vocollect, Inc., 2016-PER-430 (Sept. 4, 2019) :: 1661 Waldorf Sch. of Orange Cnty., 2012-PER-1140 (Nov. 6, 2015) :: Vogue Pleating, Stitching & Embroidery Corp.; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO 1628, 1631 no. 782 (July 18, 1995) :: 2226 Waldron v. Holder, 688 F.3d 354 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 226, 1779, Vojtisek-Lom & Adm'r WHD v. Clean Air Techs. Int'l, Inc., ARB 1837, 1897, 1958 No. 07-97 (ARB July 30, 2009) :: 1197, 1211, 1215 Waldron v. INS, 17 F.3d 511 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 481, 638, 699, 734, Volt Mgmt. Corp. d/b/a Volt Workforce Solutions; Administrator, 1816, 2066 WHD v., 2012-LCA-44 (June 16, 2016) :: 1210 Waldron; U.S. v., 178 F.Supp.2d 738 (W.D. Tex. 2002) :: 501 Volt Technical Servs. Corp. v. INS, 648 F.Supp. 578 (S.D.N.Y. W. Alex Choi, CPA, PC, 2011-PER-2916 (Sept. 26 2013) :: 1699 1986) :: 1243 Walford v. INS, 48 F.3d 477 (10th Cir. 1995) :: 398, 749 Volynsky v. Clinton, 778 F.Supp.2d 545 (E.D. Pa. 2011) :: 1161, Walia v. Holder, 59 F.Supp.3d 492 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) :: 620 1926, 1948, 2042 Walia v. The Veritas Healthcare Solutions, LLC, 2013-LCA-5, Vongsakdy v. INS, 171 F.3d 1203 (9th Cir. 1999) :: 844 ARB No. 14-2 (ARB Feb. 27, 2015) :: 1217 Vong Xiong v. Gonzales, 484 F.3d 530 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1062 Walji v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 432 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1951, 2331 Von Harten; U.S. v., 825 F.2d 1493 (11th Cir. 1987) :: 2044 Walker v. Holder, 589 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1743, 2286 Vonhm v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 825 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 475, 664, Walker v. Holder, 714 F.Supp.2d 44 (D.D.C. 2010) :: 2328 1047 Walker v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 783 F.3d 1226 (11th Cir. 2015) :: 139, Von Neumann; U.S. v., 474 U.S. 242 (1986) :: 432 333 V&R Constr. Inc., 2002-INA-153 (Feb. 7, 2003) :: 1612, 1687 Walker v. Walker, 701 F.3d 1110 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 189 2600 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Wall v. INS, 722 F.2d 1442 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 1914 Warfaa v. Ali, 33 F.Supp.3d 653 (E.D. Va. 2014), aff'd on other Wallace v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 135 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1723, 1785, grounds, 811 F.3d 653 (4th Cir. 2016) :: 2146–49, 2155 1835 Warmbier v. Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 356 Wallace v. Reno, 24 F.Supp.2d 104 (D. Mass. 1998), aff'd on F.Supp.3d 30 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 2159 other grounds, 194 F.3d 279 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 371–73, 481, Warmtex Enterprises v. Martin, 953 F.2d 1133 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 764, 1752, 1979 1700 Wallace v. SMC Pneumatics Inc., 103 F.3d 1394 (7th Cir. 1997) :: Warner v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 534 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 153, 741, 1309 744–45, 1487, 1989 Wallace, 1991-INA-389 (May 12, 1993) :: 1692 Warrach, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 285 (RC 1979) :: 2294 Wallach Builders, 2011-PER-1281 (Aug. 23, 2012) :: 1611 Warren Chiropractic & Rehab Clinic P.C. v. USCIS, 2015 U.S. Wallis v. U.S., 273 F. 509 (2d Cir. 1921) :: 120 Dist. LEXIS 23992, No. 8:14-cv-00964-AG-AN (C.D. Cal. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 338 (2011) :: 2104–5 Jan. 12, 2015) :: 1180 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2011-PER-2846 (Mar. 19, 2013) :: 1627 Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490 (1975) :: 2023 Wal-Mart Wage & Hour Empl. Practices Litigation, In re; 737 F.3d Warui v. Holder, 577 F.3d 55 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 1886 1262 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 2125 Washington v. DHS, 408 F.Supp.3d 1191 (E.D. Wash. 2019) :: 99 Walnut Home Care, 2001-INA-156 (Oct. 3, 2003) :: 1700 Washington v. Geo Grp., Inc., 283 F.Supp.3d 967 (W.D. Wash. Walsh & Pollard, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 60 (BIA 1988) :: 273, 2017) :: 263 1081, 1299, 1305–6, 1308 Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997) :: 263 Walters v. Indus. & Commercial Bank of China, 651 F.3d 280 (2d Washington Alliance v. DHS, 249 F.Supp.3d 524 (D.D.C. 2017) :: Cir. 2011) :: 2154 2028 Walters v. McMahen, 684 F.3d 435 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 443, 2255 Washington Alliance v. DHS, 892 F.3d 332 (D.C. Cir. 2018) :: Walters v. Metro. Educ. Enterprises [519 U.S. 202 (1997)] :: 1137, 1917, 1923, 1925, 2017, 2021, 2028 2108, 2262 Washington Alliance of Tech. Workers v. DHS, 202 F.Supp.20, Walters v. Reno, 145 F.3d 1032 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 47, 465, 467, 27-29 (D.D.C. 2016), aff'd, 857 F.3d 907 (D.C. Cir. 2017) :: 1916, 1981, 1991, 2103 2169, 2172, 2176 Walters, 1994-INA-7 (Nov. 30, 1994) :: 1691 Washington Alliance of Tech. Workers v. DHS, 395 F.Supp.3d 1 Wang, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 924 (BIA 2006) :: 896, 1481 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1917, 2020 Wang, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 28 (BIA 2009) :: 1426, 1433, 1846, Washington Hospital Ctr., 2010-PER-720 (May 13, 2011) :: 1617, 2067 1647 Wang v. Ashcroft, 260 F.3d 448 (5th Cir. 2001) :: 1832, 1865, Washington Univ. Dep't of Biological Chemistry, 1981-INA-312 1869 (DOL 1981) :: 1665 Wang v. Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2003) :: 547, 752, 754, The Washington Univ., No. 14-CA-202172, 2017 WL 7789422 880, 892, 946, 1935 (NLRB G.C. Oct. 31, 2017) :: 2244–45 Wang v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 1015 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 935, 987, Washington Univ. Sch. of Med., Matter of; No. A23-643-743 1023, 1827, 1841, 2098 (Comm. AAU Feb. 5, 1992) :: 1539 Wang v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 643 Wasylyk; U.S. v., 162 F.Supp.2d 86 (N.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 2325 Wang v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 347 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 1815, 1838 Waters v. Thornburgh, 888 F.2d 870 (D.C. Cir. 1989) :: 620 Wang v. BCIS, 437 F.3d 276 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1027 Waterside Constr., LLC, 2012-PER-1603 (Jan. 8, 2016) :: 1635, Wang v. BIA, 437 F.3d 270 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 970, 1844, 1877 1654, 1690 Wang v. BIA, 508 F.3d 710 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 709, 1882 Watkins v. INS, 63 F.3d 844 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 1734, 1772, 1888– Wang v. Chertoff, 676 F.Supp.2d 1086 (D. Idaho 2009) :: 1928 89 Wang v. DHS, 484 F.3d 615 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2085 Watkins; U.S. v., 880 F.3d 1221 (11th Cir. 2018) :: 414 Wang v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 134 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 1026 Watson, In re; 910 F.Supp.2d 142 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 1211, 1952, Wang v. Holder, 569 F.3d 531 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 695, 728, 972, 2043 978, 987, 1000 Watson v. Bank of Am., 196 F.App'x 306 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 1212 Wang v. INS, 352 F.3d 1250 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 678, 960 Watson v. Electronic Data Sys. Corp., 2003-LCA-30, 2004-LCA- Wang v. Lynch, 824 F.3d 587 (6th Cir. 2016) :: 983 9, -23; ARB Nos. 04-023, -029, -050 (ARB May 31, 2005) :: Wang v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 299 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 920 1211 Wang v. Meese, 823 F.2d 1273 (8th Cir. 1987) :: 1793 Watson v. Holder, 643 F.3d 367 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 1376 Wang v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 80 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1044, 2037 Watson v. U.S., 179 F.Supp.3d 251 (E.D.N.Y. 2016), rev'd on Wang v. Pompeo, 354 F.Supp.3d 13 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1561 other grounds, 865 F.3d 123 (2d Cir. 2017) :: 2133, 2135– 36 Wang v. Reno, 81 F.3d 808 (9th Cir. 1996), aff'g Xiao v. Reno, 837 F.Supp. 1506 (N.D. Cal. 1993) :: 42, 45, 570, 908, Watson v. U.S., No. 2007-5051 (Fed. Cir. June 6, 2007) :: 1212 1029, 1915, 2008, 2034 Watson; U.S. v., 423 U.S. 411 (1976) :: 501 Wang v. Reno, 862 F.Supp. 801 (E.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 1940, 2027, Watt v. Alaska, 451 U.S. 259 (1981) :: 2113 2104 Watts v. Watts, 935 F.3d 1138 (10th Cir. 2019) :: 189 Wang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 423 F.3d 260 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 728–29, Wauchope v. DOS, 985 F.2d 1407 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 43–44, 1794, 979, 994 2025, 2034, 2052, 2282 Wang v. USCIS, 375 F.Supp.3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019) :: 1567, 1581 Waugh v. Holder, 642 F.3d 1279 (10th Cir. 2011) :: 382, 387, 691 Wang; U.S. v., 404 F.Supp.2d 1155 (N.D. Cal. 2005) :: 2326 Wave Green, Inc. d/b/a Golden Farm Market; U.S. v., 11 OCAHO Wangchuck v. DHS, 448 F.3d 524 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 748, 784, 854, no. 1267 (Feb. 18, 2016) :: 2219, 2228 947 Waweru v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 199 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 841 Wang; INS v., 450 U.S. 139 (1981) :: 1782, 1887, 2056–57 Way v. Acheson, 110 F.Supp. 64 (D.C. Cal. 1953) :: 2335 Wani Site v. Holder, 656 F.3d 590 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 749, 891, Wayte v. U.S., 470 U.S. 598 (1985) :: 566 2030, 2036 W-C-B-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 118 (BIA 2007) :: 580, 668, 741 Wanjiku v. Barr, 918 F.3d 215 (1st Cir. 2019) :: 1876 We Are America v. Maricopa Cnty. Bd. of Supervisors, 594 Wanjiku; U.S. v., 919 F.3d 472 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 504 F.Supp.2d 1104 (D. Ariz. 2009) :: 49 Wanjiru v. Holder, 705 F.3d 258 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 891, 931, 1988 Weaver, Matter of; 16 I&N Dec. 730 (BIA 1979) :: 1409 Wanrong Lin v. Holder, 771 F.3d 177 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 678, 1027, Webb v. Weiss, 69 F.Supp.2d 335 (D. Conn. 1999) :: 721 1877 Weber v. DOS, 885 F.Supp.2d 46 (D.D.C. 2012) :: 1926, 1930, Wanrong Lin v. Nielsen, 377 F.Supp.3d 556 (D. Md. 2019) :: 167 1949, 2329 Wanyama v. Holder, 698 F.3d 1032 (8th Cir. 2012) :: 475, 847, Webroot Software, Inc., 2012-PER-275 (Oct. 21, 2014) :: 1713 942, 1047, 1726 Webster v. Doe, 486 U.S. 592 (1988) :: 1915, 1991 Ward v. Holder, 632 F.3d 395 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1812 Web Yoga, Inc., 2013-PER-1151 (Nov. 30, 2017) :: 1648 Ward v. Holder, 733 F.3d 601 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 77, 689, 1502–3 Wedderburn v. INS, 215 F.3d 795 (7th Cir. 2000) :: 2288 Ward v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 608 F.3d 1198 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 1412, Weeks v. Samsung Heavy Indus. Co., Inc., 126 F.3d 926 (7th Cir. 1423, 1455 1997) :: 1309 TABLE OF CASES 2601

Wehba, 1987-INA-512 (DOL 1987) :: 1678 Whitted; U.S. v., 541 F.3d 480 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 503 Wei v. Mukasey, 545 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2008) :: 1873, 1878 Whren v. U.S., 517 U.S. 806 (1997) :: 491 Weiland v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 207 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 331 Whyte v. Lynch, 807 F.3d 463 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 324, 355 Wei Lin; U.S. v., 738 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 434, 438 Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942) :: 37 Weinberger v. Rossi, 456 U.S. 25 (1982) :: 2115 Wickes v. Olympic Airways, 745 F.2d 363 (6th Cir. 1984) :: 1309 Weinong Lin v. Holder, 763 F.3d 244 (2d Cir. 2014) :: 862, 1022, Wickstrum Harvesting, LLC., 2018-TLC-18 (May 3, 2018) :: 1234 1987 Widow Brown's Inn; U.S. v., 3 OCAHO no. 399 (Jan. 15, 1992) :: Weinstein v. Albright, 261 F.3d 127 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 2320 2206, 2209 Weinstein v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 609 F.3d 43 (2d Cir. 2010) Wiedersperg v. INS, 896 F.2d 1179 (9th Cir. 1990) :: 1863, 2039 :: 2107 Wielgus v. Ryobi Techs., Inc., 875 F.Supp.2d 854 (N.D. Ill. 2012) Weiping Chen v. Holder, 744 F.3d 527 (7th Cir. 2014) :: 805 :: 2253 Weisskoff v. United Jewish Appeal, 889 F.Supp.2d 912 (S.D. Tex. Wigglesworth v. INS, 319 F.3d 951 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1113, 1982 2012) :: 2149 Wijeratne v. INS, 961 F.2d 1344 (7th Cir. 1992) :: 585, 648, 712 Wei Sun v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 23 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 950, 952–55, Wijono v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 868 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 848 2072 Wilchombe v. TeeVee Toons, Inc., 555 F.3d 949 (11th Cir. 2009) Weixum v. Xilai, 568 F.Supp.2d 35 (D.D.C. 2008) :: 2160 :: 2124 Welch v. Reno, 101 F.Supp.2d 347 (D. Md. 2000) :: 2004 Wilkett v. ICC, 844 F.2d 867 (D.C. Cir. 1988) :: 2178 Welch v. U.S., 578 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 1257 (2016) :: 320, 353, Wilkie v. Robbins, 551 U.S. 537 (2007) :: 2138, 2141 2124 Will v. INS, 447 F.2d 529 (7th Cir. 1971) :: 381 Weld Cnty. Sch. District; U.S. v., 2 OCAHO no. 326 (May 14, Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, 491 U.S. 58 (1989) :: 2129 1991) :: 2264 William v. AES Corp., 28 F.Supp.3d 553 (E.D. Va. 2014) :: 2143 Wellington v. Holder, 623 F.3d 115 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 374, 393 William v. Gonzales, 499 F.3d 329 (4th Cir. 2007) :: 377, 1828, Wellington v. INS, 108 F.3d 631 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 707, 717, 1887 1863 Wellpoint, Inc., 2015-PER-606 (May 29, 2019) :: 1617, 1623 William v. INS, 217 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1864 Wells; U.S. v., 519 U.S. 482 (1997) :: 2340 Williams v. Barr, 960 F.3d 68 (2d Cir. 2020) :: 295, 354 Welsh v. U.S., 398 U.S. 333 (1970) :: 2304 Williams v. DHS Secretary, 741 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2014) :: Welter v. Sullivan, 941 F.2d 674 (8th Cir. 1991) :: 2171 1443 Wendy Baron, 2012-PER-2364 (Dec. 6, 2016) :: 1650 Williams v. INS, 217 F.3d 340 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 1864 Wenfang Liu v. Mund, 686 F.3d 418 (7th Cir. 2012) :: 115–16 Williams v. INS, 773 F.2d 8 (1st Cir. 1985) :: 1887 Wenfang Liu v. Mund, 748 F.Supp.2d 958 (W.D. Wis. 2010) :: Williams v. INS, 795 F.2d 738 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1937 116 Williams v. Mohawk Indus., Inc., 465 F.3d 1277 (11th Cir. 2007) :: Wen Feng Liu v. Holder, 714 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 977, 997 2254 Weng v. Holder, 562 F.3d 510 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 780 Williams v. Mohawk Indus., Inc., 568 F.3d 1350 (11th Cir. 2009) :: Weng v. Holder, 593 F.3d 66 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 998, 1013 2106, 2254 Wenqin Sun v. Mukasey, 555 F.3d 802 (9th Cir. 2009) :: 1373, Williams v. Mukasey, 531 F.3d 1040 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 476, 880, 1884, 1888 1922 Wen Yuan Chan v. Lynch, 843 F.3d 539 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1412, Williams v. Pennsylvania, 579 U.S. __, 136 S.Ct. 1899 (2016) :: 1414, 1478 726, 730 W-E-R-B-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 795 (BIA Mar. 6, 2020) :: 851, Williams v. Secretary, DHS, 741 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2014) :: 875–76 1367, 1411, 1924, 1970, 1976 Werbrich's Landscaping, Inc., 2018-TLN-150 (July 2, 2018) :: Williams v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 880 F.3d 100 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 338, 1243, 1245 345 Werner, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 45 (BIA 2009) :: 522, 935, 942, Williams; U.S. v., 449 F.3d 635 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 426, 429 1114 Williams; U.S. v., 733 F.3d 448 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 408 Wessler v. DOJ, 381 F.Supp.3d 253 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 616 Williams v. Wisconsin, 336 F.3d 576 (7th Cir. 2003) :: 1421 West, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 1405 (BIA 2000) :: 542, 544 Williams-Igwonobe v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 453 (5th Cir. 2006) :: West; People v., 477 P.2d 409 (Cal. 1970) :: 387 707 West v. Seldon Techs., Inc., No. 325-5-13 W-REV (Vt. Super. Ct., Williamson v. Autorama, Inc., 1 OCAHO no. 174 (May 16, 1990) Windsor Unit) :: 1594 :: 2275 West End Publishing LLC, 2011-PER-1046 (July 16, 2012) :: William Staley, 2009-TLC-60 (Aug. 28, 2009) :: 1229 1686 Wilmore v. Gonzales, 455 F.3d 524 (5th Cir. 2006) :: 1768 Western Waterproofing Co., 1988-INA-514 (1989) :: 1712 Wilson v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 377 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 309, 362 Westfall v. Erwin, 484 U.S. 292 (1988) :: 2134 Wilson v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 2066, 2117 West Indies Transp., Inc.; U.S. v., 127 F.3d 299 (3d Cir. 1997) :: Wilson v. Smith, 587 F.Supp. 470 (D.D.C. 1984) :: 1243 434 Wilson; U.S. v., 316 F.3d 506 (4th Cir. 2003) :: 421, 1726 Westinghouse Elec. Corp. v. Kerr-McGee Corp., 580 F.3d 1311 Wilson; U.S. v., 503 U.S. 329 (1992) :: 2107 (7th Cir. 1978) :: 655 Wilson; U.S. v., 699 F.3d 235 (2d Cir. 2012) :: 492 Westman, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 50 (BIA 1979) :: 140 Wilson v. Waste Connections, Inc., 13 OCAHO no. 1315 (Feb. Westover v. Reno, 202 F.3d 475 (1st Cir. 2000) :: 279, 508, 571, 28, 2019) :: 2255, 2271 1092, 1486, 1793 Wilson v. Zeithern, 265 F.Supp.2d 628 (E.D. Va. 2003) :: 753 W-F-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 503 (BIA 1996) :: 707, 720, 722 Wilwal v. Nielsen, 346 F.Supp.3d 1290 (D. Minn. 2018) :: 237, W.G.A. v. Sessions, 900 F.3d 957 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 811, 816, 2136 818, 831, 884, 888, 948, 1008, 1015, 1040 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Corp. 2012-PER-273 (Aug. 26, 2014) :: W-G-R-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 208 (BIA 2014) :: 809–10, 821, 1624, 1638 824, 891 Windsor v. Landeen, 12 OCAHO no. 1294 (Dec. 23, 2016) :: Whitaker; U.S. v., 999 F.2d 38 (2d Cir. 1993) :: 408, 454 2273 White v. INS, 17 F.3d 475 (1st Cir. 1994) :: 1759 Windsor; U.S. v., 570 U.S. 744 (2013) :: 1406–7, 1847 White v. INS, 75 F.3d 213 (5th Cir. 1996) :: 1749 Winvision, Inc.; Administrator, WHD v., ARB No. 09-84 (Oct. 7, White v. Pauly, 580 U.S. __, 137 S.Ct. 548 (2017) :: 2162 2009) :: 1218 White v. White, 718 F.3d 300 (4th Cir. 2013) :: 188 Wiransane v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 889 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 847, 976 Whitehead v. Haig, 794 F.2d 115 (3d Cir. 1986) :: 2334 Wiratama v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 991 White Jade Apparel, 2009-PER-84 (Feb. 24, 2009) :: 1674 Wireko v. Reno, 211 F.3d 833 (4th Cir. 2000) :: 323, 369, 456 Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass'ns, 531 U.S. 457 (2001) :: 2111 Wireless Commc'ns Grp., Inc., dba WCOMGROUP, 2015-TLN-51 Whitney, Bailey, Cox & Magnani, No. JFM 88-3456 (D. Md. 1988) (June 9, 2015) :: 1253 :: 2265 Wisconsin Career Acad., 2008-INA-100 (Aug. 27, 2008) :: 1689 Whitridge Associates, Inc., 2013-PER-2750 (Jan. 22, 2020) :: Wise; U.S. v., 877 F.3d 209 (5th Cir. 2017) :: 494, 502–3 1612 2602 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Wissen, Inc., 2009-PER-405 (Apr. 15, 2010) :: 1671–72, 1676 WSC Plumbing, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1071 (2001) (WSC Witjaksono v. Holder, 573 F.3d 968 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 476, 963, Plumbing II) :: 2216 2048 W.S.R. v. Sessions, 318 F.Supp.3d 1116 (N.D. Ill. 2018) :: 527 Witkovich; U.S. v., 353 U.S. 194 (1957) :: 518, 750, 2107, 2115 W.T. Grant Co.; U.S. v., 345 U.S. 629 (1958) :: 2032 Witter v. INS, 113 F.3d 549 (5th Cir. 1997) :: 178, 181, 596 Wu, Matter of; 11 I&N Dec. 697 (DD 1966) :: 1181 Wittgenstein v. INS, 124 F.3d 1244 (10th Cir. 1997) :: 142, 444, Wu, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 459 (DD 1967) :: 1181 1888 Wu, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 8 (BIA 2017) :: 128, 130, 132 Wittje; U.S. v., 422 F.3d 479 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 2324 Wu v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 418 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 686, 984, 1049, Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 626 F.Supp.2d 377 1996 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: 2144 Wu v. Holder, 567 F.3d 888 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 1765 WJA Realty Ltd. P'ship v. Nelson, 708 F.Supp. 1268 (S.D. Fla. Wu v. Holder, 571 F.3d 467 (5th Cir. 2009) :: 565, 591, 1470, 1989) :: 2244 1867 W.M.V.C. v. Barr, 926 F.3d 202 (5th Cir. 2019) :: 2170, 2172 Wu v. INS, 436 F.3d 157 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 708, 2046 Wojcik v. INS, 951 F.2d 172 (8th Cir. 1991) :: 1848 Wu v. Rodriguez, 142 F.Supp.3d 594 (S.D. Ohio 2015) :: 2333 Wolde v. Lynch, 166 F.Supp.3d 70 (D.D.C. 2016) :: 2291 Wu; U.S. v., 419 F.3d 142 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 116, 436 Woldemeskel v. INS, 257 F.3d 1185 (10th Cir. 2001) :: 845, 848 Wu Lin v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 122 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 1837 Woldemichael v. Ashcroft, 448 F.3d 1000 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 848, Wu Linn v. Lynch, 813 F.3d 122 (2d Cir. 2016) :: 1048 1013 Wultz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 755 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C. 2010) Wolf v. Cook County, 140 S.Ct. 681 (2020) :: 99 :: 2153 Wondmneh v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 1096 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1048 Wultz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 864 F.Supp.2d 24 (D.D.C. Wong v. Belmontes, 558 U.S. 15 (2009) :: 384 2012) :: 2156 Wong v. DOS, 789 F.2d 1380 (9th Cir. 1986) :: 1085, 2005, 2013 WWM, Inc. d/b/a Antonio's Hacienda, 2008-PER-64 (Oct. 28, Wong v. Warden, 999 F.Supp. 287 (N.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 749 2008) :: 1613 Wong v. Warden, FCI Raybrook, 999 F.Supp. 287 (N.D.N.Y. Wyatt v. Syrian Arab Republic, 736 F.Supp.2d 106 (D.D.C. 2010) 1998) :: 462 :: 2158 Wong Bick Ling v. Pulles, 119 F.Supp. 513 (D.D.C. 1954) :: 2335 Wyatt v. Syrian Arab Republic, 908 F.Supp.2d 216 (D.D.C. 2012) Wong Kim Ark; U.S. v., 169 U.S. 649 (1898) :: 2279–80 :: 2156 Wong Sun v. U.S., 371 U.S. 471 (1963) :: 488 W-Y-C- & H-O-B-, Matter of, see Cantarero-Lagos v. Barr Wong Wing v. U.S., 163 U.S. 228 (1896) :: 40 W-Y-U-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 17 (BIA 2017) :: 697 Wong Wing Hang v. INS, 360 F.2d 715 (2d Cir. 1966) :: 2052 W-Z-, Matter of; ID# 1532589 (AAO Dec. 10, 2018), 2018 WL Wong Yang Sung v. McGrath, 339 U.S. 33 (1950) :: 468, 1935 6982216 (DHS) :: 1564 Wood, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 170 (BIA 1967) :: 121 W-Z-, Matter of; ID# 4810817 (AAO Oct. 17, 2019) :: 1564 Wood v. Barr, 941 F.3d 628 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 323 Wood v. Hoy, 266 F.2d 825 (9th Cir. 1959) :: 288, 382 X Wood v. Moss, 134 S.Ct. 2056 (2014) :: 2162 Wood v. Mukasey, 516 F.3d 564 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 1835, 1963, X-, Matter of (AAO Baltimore, May 24, 2013) :: 172, 177 1971 X-, Matter of (AAO Detroit May 7, 2014) :: 162 Wood, Matter of; No. A24 653 925 (BIA Jan. 13, 1992) :: 1501 X-, Matter of (AAO Los Angeles Jan. 14, 2014) :: 1852 Woodby v. INS, 385 U.S. 276 (1966) :: 186, 284, 689, 694, 2063 X-, Matter of (AAO TSC Jan. 17, 2012) :: 1851 Woode v. Central Reg'l Hospital NCDHHS Agency, 11 OCAHO X-, Matter of (AAO Washington DC Jan. 2, 2014) :: 1852 no. 1235 (Nov. 26, 2014) :: 2264 X-, Matter of (AAO Feb. 23, 2006), AILA Doc. No. 08041470 :: Woodland Hills Fireplace Shop, 2003-INA-169 (Aug. 11, 2004) :: 1176 1673 X-, Matter of; SRC 98-101-50785 (AAO Aug. 9, 1999) :: 1176 Woodmen of the World Life Ins. Soc'y; Administrator, WHD v., X-, Matter of; WAC 03-095-51671 (AAO Jan. 31, 2005) :: 1536 2016-LCA-18 (Oct. 26, 2016) :: 1199 Xceed Techs., 2010-PER-80 (July 27, 2010) :: 1690 Woodmont Properties, Inc., 2008-INA-64 (Mar. 17, 2009) :: 1662 XCEL Solutions Corp.; Administrator, WHD v., 2011-LCA-16 Workrite Uniform Co.; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 736 (Mar. 2, 1995) :: (May 16, 2012) :: 1213, 1221 2273 Xceltech, Inc., 2012-PER-811 (Feb. 3, 2016) :: 1637 Worku; U.S. v., 800 F.3d 1195 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 448, 457 X- Corp., Matter of; ID# 15679 (AAO NSC Feb. 22, 2016) :: 1530 World Agape Mission Church, 2010-PER-1117 (Mar. 23, 2012) :: Xerox Bus. Servs., LLC, 2013-PER-92 (Jan. 27, 2017) :: 1697 1624, 1627, 1629, 1648 Xe Servs. Alien Tort Litigation, In re; 665 F.Supp.2d 569 (E.D. Va. World Bazaar, 1988-INA-54 (June 14, 1989) (en banc) :: 1702 2009) :: 2143 Worley v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 75 F.Supp.3d 311 (D.D.C. X-G-W-, Matter of; 22 I&N Dec. 71 (BIA 1998) :: 1868, 1878 2014) :: 2158 Xi v. INS, 298 F.3d 832 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 45 Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Comm. v. FBI, 507 F.2d Xia v. California Inv. Immigr. Fund, LLC, No. BC-661-793 (Cal 1281 (8th Cir. 1974) :: 2138 Super. Ct, LA May 18, 2017) :: 1594 W. Pearl Constr., Inc., 2009-PER-427 (May 26, 2010) :: 1676 Xia v. Kerry, 73 F.Supp.3d 33 (D.D.C. 2014) :: 2318 W-R, Matter of (AAO Feb. 16, 2016) :: 1442, 1849 Xia v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 608 F.3d 1233 (11th Cir. 2010) :: 987, Wrangler's Country Cafe; U.S. v., 1 OCAHO no. 138 (Mar. 6, 1004 1990), aff'd sub nom. Steiben v. INS, 932 F.2d 1225 (8th Xia Bi v. McAuliffe, 927 F.3d 177 (4th Cir. 2019) :: 1591 Cir. 1991) :: 2184 Xia Fan Huang v. Holder, 591 F.3d 124 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 1023 Wright v. Ouellette, 171 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 1999) :: 1867, 2122 Xiang v. Cadman, No. 93-640-Civ-Davis (S.D. Fla. Apr. 20, 1993) Wright; U.S. v., 706 F.Supp. 1268 (N.D. Tex. 1989) :: 508 :: 272 Wright; U.S. v., 862 F.3d 1265 (11th Cir. 2017) :: 2301 Xiang v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 306 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 956, 961, 1023 Wroblewska v. Holder, 656 F.3d 473 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 659, 1974 Xian Tong Dong v. Holder, 696 F.3d 121 (1st Cir. 2012) :: 847, WSC Plumbing; U.S. v., 8 OCAHO no. 1045 (2000) :: 2185 1013, 1027 WSC Plumbing; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1061 (Sept. 7, 2000) :: Xian Yon Zeng on behalf of Tie Liu v. Kerry, 266 F.Supp.3d 645 2222 (E.D.N.Y. 2017) :: 2012 WSC Plumbing; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1062 (Nov. 29, 2000) :: Xiao v. Barr, 979 F.2d 151 (9th Cir. 1992) :: 1917, 2001 2227 Xiao v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 712 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 985 WSC Plumbing; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1071 (June 4, 2001) :: Xiao v. Reno, 837 F.Supp. 1506 (N.D. Cal. 1993), see Wang v. 2210 Reno, 81 F.3d 808 WSC Plumbing, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1061 (Sept. 7, 2000) Xiao v. Reno, 930 F.Supp. 1377 (N.D. Cal. 1996) :: 1954 :: 2221, 2223 Xiao v. Reno, 963 F.Supp. 874 (N.D. Cal. 1997) :: 1981 WSC Plumbing, Inc.; U.S. v., 9 OCAHO no. 1062 (Nov. 29, 2000) Xiao Fei Zheng v. Holder, 644 F.3d 829 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 892, :: 2215 1758, 1780, 1897, 1903, 1905, 1969, 1988 TABLE OF CASES 2603

Xiao He Chen v. Lynch, 825 F.3d 83 (1st Cir. 2016) :: 1876, 2036 Yaman v. Yaman, 730 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 187 Xiao Ji Chen v. DOJ, 471 F.3d 315 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1935 Yamasho, Inc., 1989-INA-203 (1990) :: 1666 Xiao Jun Liang v. Holder, 626 F.3d 983 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 1877 Yamato Engine Specialists 1990 LTD, No. MS09-0030-JPD Xiao Kui Lin v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 217 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 992–93 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 27, 2009) :: 500 Xiaolong Li v. California Inv. Immigr. Fund, LLC, No. CV 18-9927- Yan v. Gonzales, 438 F.3d 1249 (10th Cir. 2006) :: 1042 MWF (RAOx) (C.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2019) :: 1591 Yan v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 63 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 999 Xiao Lu Ma v. Sessions, 907 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 1489, Yanez-Carrillo, Matter of; 10 I&N Dec. 366 (BIA 1963) :: 2282 2075 Yanez-Garcia, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 390 (BIA 2002) :: 313, 343, Xiao Xing Ni v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 260 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 2099 456, 1818, 2122 Xiaoyuan Ma v. Holder, 860 F.Supp.2d 1048 (N.D. Cal. 2012) :: Yanez-Garcia v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 280 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 1944 1885, 1910, 1912, 1937, 1982 Yanez-Jaquez, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 449 (BIA 1970) :: 287 Xie v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 239 (3d Cir. 2004) :: 965, 982, 1024 Yanez-Marquez v. Lynch, 789 F.3d 434 (4th Cir. 2015) :: 485–86 Xie v. INS, 434 F.3d 136 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 780 Yanez-Pena v. Barr, 952 F.3d 239 (5th Cir. 2020) :: 1746 Xie v. Mukasey, 575 F.Supp.2d 963 (E.D. Wis. 2008) :: 2333 Yanez-Popp v. INS, 998 F.2d 231 (4th Cir. 1993) :: 2125 Xi Fan Huang v. Holder, 591 F.3d 124 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 2098 Yanez-Rodriguez; U.S. v., 555 F.3d 931 (10th Cir. 2009) :: 449, Xinbing Song v. Sessions, 882 F.3d 837 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 804 452, 454 Xing Yang Yang v. Holder, 770 F.3d 294 (4th Cir. 2014) :: 178 Yang v. Barr, 939 F.3d 57 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 863 Xing Zheng v. Holder, 710 F.3d 769 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1877 Yang v. Carroll, 852 F.Supp. 460 (E.D. Va. 1994) :: 776 Xin Qiang Liu v. Lynch, 802 F.3d 69 (1st Cir. 2015) :: 1876 Yang v. DOJ, 426 F.3d 520 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 933, 1004 Xin Yang v. Holder, 747 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 475, 695 Yang v. Gonzales, 413 F.3d 757 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 1047 Xiong v. INS, 173 F.3d 601 (7th Cir. 1999) :: 320, 326, 371, 470, Yang v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 1117 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 839, 970, 576, 1960 1024, 1026, 1049 Xiong v. Lynch, 836 F.3d 948 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 2115 Yang v. Gonzales, 431 F.3d 84 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 999 Xiu Fen Xia v. Mukasey, 510 F.3d 162 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1028, Yang v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 72 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 993 2097 Yang v. Gonzales, 478 F.3d 133 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 642, 981, 993 Xiu Hong Li, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 13 (BIA 1995) :: 1382 Yang v. INS, 79 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 1996) :: 865, 2076 Xiu Jin Jiang v. Whitaker, 914 F.3d 777 (2d Cir. 2019) :: 1957 Yang v. INS, 109 F.3d 1185 (7th Cir. 1997) :: 1900 Xiu Ling Chen v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 861 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1028 Yang v. Lynch, 832 F.3d 817 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 981, 1001 Xiu Ling Chen v. Holder, 751 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 678, Yang v. Maugans, 68 F.3d 1540 (3d Cir. 1995), rev'g sub nom. 1025 Chung v. Reno, 886 F.Supp. 1172 (M.D. Pa. 1995) :: 67– Xiu Ying Wu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 712 F.3d 486 (11th Cir. 2013) :: 68, 74 966–68, 976, 990, 1994 Yang v. McElroy, 277 F.3d 158 (2d Cir. 2002) :: 836, 948, 1833, Xiu Zhen Lin v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 596 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 792, 2047, 2099 1026, 1875 Yang v. Mukasey, 510 F.3d 793 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1865 X-K-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 731 (BIA 2005) :: 246, 255–56 Yang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 418 F.3d 1198 (11th Cir. 2005) :: 970, X-M-C-, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 322 (BIA 2010) :: 919–20 974, 1027–28 Xochihua-Jaimes v. Barr, 962 F.3d 1065 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 2090 Yang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 494 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 2007) :: 1027, Xochihua-Jaimes v. Barr, 962 F.3d 1175 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 884, 1998 892 Yang; INS v., 519 U.S. 26 (1996) :: 231, 1790, 2054 Xpedite Techs., Inc., 2010-PER-100,101,105 (Apr. 7, 2010) :: Yang You Lee v. Lynch, 791 F.3d 1261 (10th Cir. 2015) :: 2093 1637, 1661 Yang Zhao-Cheng v. Holder, 721 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 949, X-P-T-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 634 (BIA 1996) :: 1024 964, 1013, 1838, 1847, 1872 X-Q-L-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 704 (BIA 2019) :: 1034, 1884 Yanish v. Barber, 73 S.Ct. 1105 (1953) :: 516 Xtivia, Inc., 2016-PER-303 (Mar. 30, 2018) :: 1630 Yan Juan Chen v. Holder, 658 F.3d 246 (2d Cir. 2011) :: 953–55, Xu v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 45 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1996 1044 Xue v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 1099 (10th Cir. 2016) :: 789, 1009, 1012, Yan Lan Wu v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 418 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 1995 1015 Yan Liu v. Holder, 640 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 920 Xue Deng Jiang v. Gonzales, 474 F.3d 25 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 678 Yan Naing; U.S. v., 820 F.3d 1006 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 440 Xue Juan Chen v. Holder, 737 F.3d 1084 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1025 Yano Enterprises, Inc. v. Administrator, WHD, 2001-LCA-5, ARB Xue Su Wang v. Holder, 750 F.3d 87 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 709 No. 01-050 (ARB Sept. 26, 2001) :: 1199 Xulam; U.S. v., 84 F.3d 441 (D.D.C. 1996) :: 540 Yan Rong Zhao v. Holder, 728 F.3d 1144 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 678– Xu Sheng Gao v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 500 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 79, 1025, 1865, 2057 780–81 Yan Won Liao v. Holder, 691 F.Supp.2d 344 (E.D.N.Y. 2010) :: 2026, 2106 Yan Xia Zhu v. Mukasey, 537 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 830, Y 983, 989, 1017, 1030 Y-, Matter of; 3 I&N Dec. 544 (CO 1949) :: 136 Yan Yan Lin v. Holder, 584 F.3d 75 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 780 Y-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 143 (BIA 1958) :: 1464 Yao v. INS, 2 F.3d 317 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 41 Yaakov, Matter of; 13 I&N Dec. 203 (RC 1969) :: 1181, 1185 Yaron Dev. Co., Inc., 1989-INA-178 (1991) :: 1699 Yacouba v. District Director, ICE, 593 F.Supp.2d 737 (M.D. Pa. Yasmeena Corp. d/b/a Palace of Asia, 2008-PER-73 (Nov. 14, 2008) :: 752, 755 2008) :: 1613, 1619–21 Yacoubian; U.S. v., 24 F.3d 1 (9th Cir. 1994) :: 391, 478–79, Yatskin v. INS, 255 F.3d 5 (1st Cir. 2001) :: 843 2122–23 Yauri, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 103 (BIA 2009) :: 276, 1479, 1825, Yadegar-Sargis v. INS, 297 F.3d 596 (7th Cir. 2002) :: 820, 1827 1866, 1868 Yafai v. Pompeo, 912 F.3d 1018 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 2013 Yazaki North America, Inc., 2014-PER-1514 (Feb. 25, 2019) :: Yaguil v. Lee, 2014 WL 1400959 (E.D. Cal Apr. 10, 2014) :: 115 1674 Yaguil v. Lee, 2014 WL 3956693 (E.D. Cal Aug. 13, 2014) :: 115 Yazdani, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 626 (BIA 1981) :: 1141, 1143, Yahinskyy v. Holder, 724 F.3d 983 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 833 1148 Yahya v. Sessions, 889 F.3d 392 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 1872 Yazitchian v. INS, 207 F.3d 1164 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 808, 1021 Yakou; U.S. v., 428 F.3d 241 (D.C. Cir. 2005) :: 1365, 1501 Y-B-, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1136 (BIA 1998) :: 950, 1841 Yakovenko v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 631 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 892, Y-C-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 286 (BIA 2002) :: 864, 937 1002 Y.C. v. Holder, 741 F.3d 324 (2d Cir. 2013) :: 1022 Yaldo v. INS, 424 F.2d 501 (6th Cir. 1970) :: 1494 Ye v. DHS, 446 F.3d 289 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 982 Yali Wang v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 1003 (9th Cir. 2017) :: 960, 971 Ye v. Lynch, 845 F.3d 38 (1st Cir. 2017) :: 985 Y-A-M-, Matter of; ID# 1637205 (AAO Oct. 23, 2018) :: 1358 Ye; U.S. v., 588 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2009) :: 429 Yaman v. DOS, 634 F.3d 610 (D.C. Cir. 2011) :: 2330 Ye v. Zemin, 383 F.3d 620 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 2160 2604 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Yearwood v. Barr, 391 F.Supp.3d 255 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 270, Yosd v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 74 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 728 1932 Yosef, Inc., 2009-PER-296 (Feb. 3, 2010) :: 1627, 1629 Yeboah v. DOJ, 345 F.3d 216 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 1557 Yoshida; U.S. v., 303 F.3d 1145 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 425 Yegane Fin. Servs., 2008-PER-230 (Jan. 5, 2009) :: 1640 You; U.S. v., 198 F.Supp.2d 393 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) :: 500–501 Yeghiazaryan v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 994 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 471, You; U.S. v., 382 F.3d 958 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 428 1858–59 Youkhana v. Gonzales, 460 F.3d 927 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 836, 842, Yeimane-Berhe v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 907 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 959, 1010 988, 997 Young v. DOJ, 759 F.2d 450 (5th Cir. 1985) :: 1914, 2099 Yemer v. USCIS, 359 F.Supp.3d 423 (E.D. Va. 2019) :: 2296 Young v. Holder, 697 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc), overrul- Ye Mon Aung v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 742 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 1001 ing on other grounds Rosas-Castaneda v. Holder, 630 F.3d Yepes-Prado v. INS, 10 F.3d 1363 (9th Cir. 1993) :: 468, 1723, 881 (9th Cir. 2011), and 655 F.3d 875 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 311, 1759–60, 1790, 1827, 1835 359–60, 390, 1994 Yepez-Razo v. Gonzales, 445 F.3d 1216 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 227 Young v. Reno, 114 F.3d 879 (9th Cir. 1997) :: 1381, 1392, 2005, Yepremyan v. Holder, 614 F.3d 1042 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 1403–4, 2076 1470, 1786, 2086 Young Apartments Inc. v. Town of Jupiter, 529 F.3d 1027 (11th Yeremin v. Holder, 738 F.3d 708 (6th Cir. 2013) :: 141 Cir. 2008) :: 2020 Yerger, Ex parte, 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 85, 105 (1868) :: 1931 Young China Daily v. Chappell, 742 F.Supp. 552 (N.D. Cal. 1989) Yesil v. Reno, 958 F.Supp. 828 (S.D.N.Y. 1997) :: 2121 :: 1180, 1184 Yetisen; U.S. v., 370 F.Supp.3d 1191 (D. Or. 2019) :: 2324 Youngdale & Sons Constr. Co. v. U.S., 31 Fed. Cl. 167, 175 (Ct. Yeung, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 610 (BIA 1996) :: 228, 371 Cl. 1994) :: 2175 Yeung v. INS, 76 F.3d 337 (11th Cir. 1995) :: 40, 481 Young Dong Kim v. Holder, 737 F.3d 1181 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 558, Yeung v. Reno, 868 F.Supp. 53 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 1999 1144, 1468, 1802 Yewondwosen, Matter of; 21 I&N Dec. 1025 (BIA 1997) :: 1833, Young Wong Park v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 472 F.3d 66 (3d Cir. 2007) 1866 :: 338, 344, 572, 628, 2083 Y-G-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 794 (BIA 1994) :: 176 Younis v. Farooqi, 597 F.Supp.2d 552 (D. Md. 2009) :: 116 Yi v. INS, 257 F.Supp.2d 791 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 589, 661, 1004 Yousef v. Samantar, 699 F.3d 763 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 2155 Yi v. Maugans, 24 F.3d 500 (3d Cir. 1994) :: 1914, 1917, 1940, Yousefi v. INS, 260 F.3d 318 (4th Cir. 2001) :: 132, 1960 2104 Yousif v. Lynch, 796 F.3d 622 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 918–19 Yi v. Reno, 925 F.Supp. 320 (M.D. Pa. 1996) :: 1818 Youssef; U.S. v., 547 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 2340 Yian; U.S. v., 905 F.Supp. 160 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) :: 42 Youssefi v. Renaud, 794 F.Supp.2d 585 (D. Md. 2011) :: 1094, Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886) :: 41, 2223 1143, 1148, 1968 Yih-Hsiung Wang, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 565 (BIA 1980) :: 1862 Youssefinia v. INS, 784 F.2d 1254 (5th Cir. 1986) :: 2000 Y-I-M-, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 724 (BIA 2019) :: 977 Yousuf v. Samantar, 451 F.3d 248 (D.C. Cir. 2008), rev'd on Yim Tong Chung v. Smith, 640 F.Supp. 1065 (S.D.N.Y. 1986) :: other grounds, 560 U.S. 305 (2010) :: 619 927 Youth Soccer Alliance, LLC, 2011-PER-1349 (Sept. 18, 2012) :: Ying Chen v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 676 F.3d 112 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 679, 1711 1024–25 You, Xiu Qing v. Nielsen, 321 F.Supp.3d 451 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) :: Ying Fong v. Ashcroft, 317 F.Supp.2d 398 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) :: 716, 764, 1913, 1926, 1940, 1977 750, 1943, 2003, 2038, 2091, 2101 Ysasi v. Rivkind, 856 F.2d 1520 (Fed. Cir. 1988) :: 2136, 2139 Ying Jin Lin v. Holder, 561 F.3d 68 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 998 Y-S-L-C-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 688 (BIA 2015) :: 671, 727, 729 Ying Li v. BCIS, 529 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 999 Y-T-L-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 601 (BIA 2003) :: 839, 1025 Yi Ni v. Holder, 613 F.3d 415 (4th Cir. 2010) :: 790, 1024, 1026– Yu v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 700 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 1001 27, 1045, 2077 Yu v. Brown, 36 F.Supp.2d 922 (D.N.M. 1999) :: 1929, 1948, Yin-Shing Woo v. U.S., 288 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1961) :: 2301 1951, 1981 Yith v. Nielsen, 343 F.Supp.3d 938 (E.D. Cal. 2018) :: 2303, 2332 Yu v. Brown, 92 F.Supp.2d 1236 (D.N.M. 2000) :: 1554, 2121 Yith v. Nielsen, 881 F.3d 1155 (9th Cir. 2018) :: 508, 2070, 2303, Yu v. Gonzales, 502 F.3d 17 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 998 2332 Yu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 513 F.3d 346 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 1025 Yi-Tu Lian v. Ashcroft, 379 F.3d 457 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 729, 797, Yu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 568 F.3d 1328 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1027, 890 2118 Yiu Sing Chun v. Sava, 708 F.2d 869 (2d Cir. 1983) :: 935 Yu An v. Napolitano, 15 F.Supp.3d 976 (N.D. Cal. 2014) :: 1414 Yi Xian Chen v. Holder, 705 F.3d 624 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 1026, Yuan Gao v. Mukasey, 519 F.3d 376 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 709, 1883 1831 Yu An Li v. Holder, 745 F.3d 336 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 1002 YJ USA Corp., 2009-PER-164 (Mar. 30, 2010) :: 1648 Yue, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 747 (BIA 1968) :: 1382 Y-L-, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 151 (BIA 2007), on remand, Liu v. Yueh-Shaio Yang; INS v., 519 U.S. 26 (1996) :: 2041, 2056 DOJ, 455 F.3d 106 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 919–20, 999 Yuen Jin v. Mukasey, 538 F.3d 143 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1873 Y-L-, A-G-, & R-S-R-, Matter of; 23 I&N Dec. 270 (AG 2002) :: Yui Sing Tse v. INS, 596 F.2d 831 (9th Cir. 1979) :: 1607 777, 872, 874, 886, 888, 1816 Yuk v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1222 (10th Cir. 2004) :: 966, 1015, Y-M-, Matter of; 8 I&N Dec. 94 (BIA 1958) :: 391 1813 Y-M-C-, Matter of; ID# 1518339 (AAO May 25, 2018) :: 153 Yu-Ling Teng v. District Director, USCIS, 820 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. Ymeri v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 12 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 176 2016) :: 2316 Y-N-P-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 10 (BIA 2012) :: 229, 1372, 1764, Yu Mei Chen v. Nielsen, 363 F.Supp.3d 333 (E.D.N.Y. 2019) :: 1767 1975 Yoc-US v. Att. Gen. U.S., 932 F.3d 98 (3d Cir. 2019) :: 484 Yung-Kai Lu v. Tillerson, 292 F.Supp.3d 276 (D.D.C. 2018) :: Yohannes v. Holder, 585 F.3d 402 (8th Cir. 2009) :: 1396, 1402, 1436 1413 Yun Jian Zhang v. Gonzales, 495 F.3d 773 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 793 Yong, Matter of (AAO Mar. 4, 2009) :: 1852 Yusev v. Sessions, 851 F.3d 763 (7th Cir. 2017) :: 1864, 1882 Yong v. INS, 208 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 1945 Yusov v. Shaughnessy, 671 F.Supp.2d 521 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) :: Yong Gao v. Barr, 950 F.3d 147 (1st Cir. 2020) :: 788 530, 548, 750, 760, 1966 Yongguo Lai v. Holder, 773 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2014) :: 952, 973, Yusupov v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 518 F.3d 185 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 877– 980 78, 2073, 2101 Yong Jun Li; U.S. v., 643 F.3d 1183 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 73, 441 Yusupov v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 650 F.3d 968 (3d Cir. 2011) :: 877, Yongo v. INS, 355 F.3d 27 (1st Cir. 2004) :: 677–78, 959 879, 881, 908, 975, 988, 1837 Yong Xiu Lin v. Holder, 754 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2014) :: 1859, 1876 Yu Tian Li; U.S. v., 615 F.3d 752 (7th Cir. 2010) :: 428, 431 Yoo N Me U.S.A., Inc., 2011-PER-1238 (Apr. 15, 2016) :: 1653 Yu Yun Zhang v. Holder, 702 F.3d 878 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 962, York College, The City Univ. of N.Y., 2015-PER-379 (Mar. 26, 1842, 1875 2019) :: 1649 TABLE OF CASES 2605

Zarate-Martinez; U.S. v., 133 F.3d 1194 (9th Cir. 1998) :: 1821 Z Zara USA, Inc., 2016-PER-95 (Aug. 21, 2019) :: 1676 Z-, Matter of; 2 I&N Dec. 316 (BIA 1945) :: 137 Zardui-Quintana v. Richard, 768 F.2d 1213 (11th Cir. 1985) :: Z-, Matter of; 7 I&N Dec. 253 (BIA 1956) :: 137, 139 248, 1885, 2089 Z-, Matter of; 20 I&N Dec. 707 (BIA 1993) :: 67–68 Zarouite v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 60 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 970 Zabadi v. Chertoff, 2005 WL 1514122 (N.D. Cal. June 17, 2005) Zavala v. Ridge, 310 F.Supp.2d 1071 (N.D. Cal. 2004) :: 255, and 2005 WL 3157377 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 22, 2005) :: 255, 528, 543 528, 543 Zavala v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 393 F.Supp.2d 295 (D.N.J. 2005) Zacahua; U.S. v., 940 F.3d 342 (7th Cir. 2019) :: 385 :: 2131, 2249 Zacarias-Velasquez v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 429 (8th Cir. 2007) :: Zavala v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 691 F.3d 527 (3d Cir. 2012) :: 1047 2105, 2250, 2255 Zadran, Matter of; A71 742 204 (Bangkok, AAO Feb. 28, 2011) :: Zavala-Bonilla v. INS, 730 F.2d 562 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 776, 962, 176 1014 Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001) [aff'g Ma v. Ashcroft, 208 Zavala-Mendez; U.S. v., 411 F.3d 1116 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 407 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. 2001)], on remand, 285 F.3d 398 (5th Cir. Zavala-Sustaita; U.S. v., 214 F.3d 601 (5th Cir. 2000) :: 303 2002) :: 40, 43, 46, 468, 530, 548, 748, 751, 753, 761, Zavaleta-Gallegos v. INS, 261 F.3d 951 (9th Cir. 2001) :: 278, 1909, 1932, 1945, 1957, 1991, 2115 1960 Zafar v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 461 F.3d 1357 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 477, Zavaleta-Policiano v. Sessions, 873 F.3d 241 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 590, 593, 596, 1486, 1965, 1991 818, 1005, 1008 Zaffarano v. Corsi, 63 F.2d 757 (2d Cir. 1933) :: 127, 135 Zayas v. INS, 311 F.3d 247 (3d Cir. 2002) :: 1946 Zaharie & Alpha Servs. LLC; Administrator, WHD v., 2011-MSP- Zayed v. U.S., 368 F.3d 902 (6th Cir. 2004) :: 2303 3, ARB No. 12-070 (ARB Dec. 12, 2013) :: 2249 Zazi; U.S. v., 356 F.Supp.1105 (D. Colo. 2018) :: 142, 2299 Zahedi v. INS, 222 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir. 2000) :: 951, 960, 976, Zazueta v. Barr, 916 F.3d 708 (8th Cir. 2019) :: 377 1839, 1841 Zazueta-Carrillo v. Ashcroft, 322 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2003) :: Zahren v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 1039 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 747 1740, 1742, 1974, 1983 Zaidan, Matter of; 19 I&N Dec. 297 (BIA 1985) :: 1455, 1809 Z-C-P-, Matter of; ID# 980234 (AAO Feb. 27, 2017) :: 1521 Zaidi v. Ashcroft, 374 F.3d 357 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 323, 1960 Zeah v. Holder, 744 F.3d 577 (8th Cir. 2014) :: 475, 664–65 Zaidi v. Ashcroft, 377 F.3d 678 (7th Cir. 2004) :: 475, 1013, 1986 Zeah v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 699 (8th Cir. 2016) :: 1872 Z-A-, Inc., Matter of; Adopted Decision 2016-02 (AAO Apr. 14, Zegarra-Gomez v. INS, 314 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 1939, 2016) :: 1288, 1527, 1852 2033, 2038, 2091 Zaitona v. INS, 9 F.3d 432 (6th Cir. 1993) :: 141, 391 Zegrean v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 602 F.3d 273 (3d Cir. 2010) :: 2303 Zajanckauskas v. Holder, 611 F.3d 87 (1st Cir. 2010) :: 1791, Zehatye v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 791, 1013 1961 Zelaya v. Holder, 668 F.3d 159 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 815, 825, 884, Zajradhara v. Gig Partners, 14 OCAHO no. 1363 (June 19, 2020) 889 :: 2212 Zelaya; U.S. v., 293 F.3d 1294 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 401, 412–13 Zakirov v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 541 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 1047 Zelaya-Rosales; U.S. v., 707 F.3d 542 (5th Cir. 2013) :: 448 Zalawadia v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 292 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 1937, 1939, Zeleniak, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 158 (BIA 2013) :: 150, 161, 194, 2038, 2097 220, 782, 901, 909, 912, 1009, 1052, 1060–61, 1325, Zalaya v. Holder, 668 F.3d 159 (4th Cir. 2012) :: 815 1406–7, 1596, 1727, 1847 Zaldana Menijar v. Lynch, 812 F.3d 491 (6th Cir. 2015) :: 816, Zemeka v. Holder, 963 F.Supp.2d 22 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 2049 822, 887, 1045 Zemeka v. Holder, 989 F.Supp.2d 122 (D.D.C. 2013) :: 1418 Zaleta-Sosa; U.S. v., 854 F.2d 48 (5th Cir. 1988) :: 410 Zeng v. Gonzales, 436 F.3d 26 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1886 Zalman; U.S. v., 870 F.2d 1047 (6th Cir. 1989) :: 438, 1420 Zepeda-Gonzales; U.S. v., 611 F.App'x 394, 396 (9th Cir. 2015) :: Zaluski v. INS, 37 F.3d 72 (2d Cir. 1994) :: 2086 402 Zamanov v. Holder, 649 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 981 Zepeda-Melendez v. INS, 741 F.2d 285 (9th Cir. 1984) :: 750, Zambrano v. INS, 282 F.3d 1145 (9th Cir. 2002), amended, 302 2039 F.3d 909 (9th Cir. 2002) :: 2166 Zeqiri v. Mukasey, 529 F.3d 364 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 2000 Zambrano v. INS, 972 F.2d 1122 (9th Cir. 1992), vacated and re- Zeremeno v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 514 (5th Cir. 2016) :: 168 manded, INS v. Zambrano, 509 U.S. 918 (1993) :: 14, Zerezghi v. USCIS, 955 F.3d 802 (9th Cir. 2020) :: 48, 470, 1416, 1440–41 1419, 1453, 1727 Zambrano v. Sessions, 878 F.3d 84 (4th Cir. 2017) :: 862 Zerrei v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 342 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 278, 672 Zambrano-Reyes v. Holder, 725 F.3d 744 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 47, Zeru v. Gonzales, 503 F.3d 59 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 636 637, 1725, 1754, 1870, 1897, 1958 Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2010) :: 476, 834, 1823 Zambrano-Reyes; U.S. v., 724 F.3d 761 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 414 Zevallos v. Obama, 793 F.3d 106 (D.C. Cir. 2015) :: 1925 Zamora, Matter of; 17 I&N Dec. 395 (BIA 1980) :: 1501, 1503 Zewdie v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 804 (8th Cir. 2004) :: 891, 952, 996, Zamora-Mallari v. Mukasey, 514 F.3d 679 (7th Cir. 2008) :: 479, 1041 1833 Zgodda v. Holland, 184 F.Supp. 847 (E.D. Pa. 1960) :: 393 Zamora-Molina, Matter of; 25 I&N Dec. 606 (BIA 2011) :: 1425, Zhakypbaev v. Sessions, 880 F.3d 881 (7th Cir. 2018) :: 833, 1428, 1432 1045 Zamora-Morel v. INS, 905 F.2d 833 (5th Cir. 1990) :: 628, 668, Zhang, Matter of; 27 I&N Dec. 569 (BIA 2019) :: 184–85, 283, 1045, 1720 1824, 2327 Zamorano Produce, 2010-TLC-20 (Feb. 19, 2010) :: 1229 Zhang v. Americana Franchise Reg'l Ctr., LLC, No.15-cv-09583 Zamudio; U.S. v., 787 F.3d 961 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 418 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 10, 2015) :: 1594 Zangwill, Matter of; 18 I&N Dec. 22 (BIA 1981) :: 140, 1731 Zhang v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 713 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1010, 1041, Zant v. Prevatte, 286 S.E. 715 (Ga. 1982) :: 263 1996 Zapata v. INS, 93 F.Supp.2d 355 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) :: 1436, 2030, Zhang v. Ashcroft, 395 F.3d 531 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 1027 2033 Zhang v. Chertoff, 491 F.Supp.2d 590 (W.D. Va. 2007) :: 1962 Zapata-Cosio; U.S. v., 5 OCAHO no. 822 (1995) :: 173 Zhang v. DOJ, 362 F.3d 155 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1813 Zapete-Garcia; U.S. v., 447 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 457 Zhang v. Gonzales, 405 F.3d 150 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 678, 726, 729, Zapon v. DOJ, 53 F.3d 283 (9th Cir. 1995) :: 2173 967 Zappia, Matter of; 12 I&N Dec. 439 (BIA 1967) :: 1406, 1408 Zhang v. Gonzales, 408 F.3d 1239 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 792, 807, Zara v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 927 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 1813, 2006 1026 Zaragoza-Vaguero, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 814 (BIA 2016) :: 138 Zhang v. Gonzales, 426 F.3d 540 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1030, 2081 Zaranska v. DHS, 400 F.Supp.2d 500 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) :: 132, Zhang v. Gonzales, 432 F.3d 339 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 882 135, 2296, 2333 Zhang v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 993 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 585, 730, 957, Zarate v. Holder, 671 F.3d 1132 (9th Cir. 2012) :: 1766 978, 995, 1027, 1051, 1721, 1834, 1989, 2064 Zhang v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 167 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 935 2606 KURZBAN’S IMMIGRATION LAW SOURCEBOOK, 17TH ED.

Zhang v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 232, 1971, Zhislin v. Reno, 195 F.3d 810 (6th Cir. 1999) :: 531, 1979 1985 Zhi Wei Pang v. Holder, 665 F.3d 1226 (10th Cir. 2012) :: 793 Zhang v. Gonzales, 469 F.3d 51 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 1869, 2042 Zhong v. DOJ, 480 F.3d 104 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 986–87, 993, 1944, Zhang v. Holder, 585 F.3d 715 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 985 1993 Zhang v. Holder, 617 F.3d 650 (2d Cir. 2010) :: 921, 1727, 1792, Zhong Qin Zheng v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 893 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1862, 1869, 2109 1025, 1878 Zhang v. INS, 274 F.3d 103 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 1958 Zhou v. Gonzales, 437 F.3d 860 (9th Cir. 2006) :: 807, 832, 960, Zhang v. INS, 348 F.3d 289 (1st Cir. 2003) :: 2059, 2095 997 Zhang v. INS, 386 F.3d 66 (2d Cir. 2004) :: 1000, 1024 Zhou Hua Zhu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 703 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2013) Zhang v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 313 (6th Cir. 2007) :: 75, 286, 1477 :: 1035, 1836, 2068 Zhang v. Mukasey, 543 F.3d 851 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 1873 Zhou Ji Ni v. Holder, 635 F.3d 1014 (7th Cir. 2011) :: 1007 Zhang v. Napolitano, 604 F.Supp.2d 77 (D.D.C. 2009) :: 863, Zhou Zheng v. Holder, 570 F.3d 438 (1st Cir. 2009) :: 663–64, 1950, 1980 699, 968, 1025 Zhang v. Reno, 27 F.Supp.2d 476 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) :: 2005 Zhu v. Ashcroft, 382 F.3d 521 (5th Cir. 2004) :: 1814, 2066 Zhang v. Slattery, 55 F.3d 732 (2d Cir. 1995) :: 67. 68, 74 Zhu v. Chertoff, 525 F.Supp.2d 1098 (W.D. Mo. 2007) :: 1928, Zhang v. Slattery, 840 F.Supp. 292 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) :: 1921, 2015 1948 Zhang v. U.S., 543 F.Supp.2d 175 (E.D.N.Y. 2008) :: 334, 384 Zhu v. Deng, 794 S.E. 2d 808 (N.C. App. 2016) :: 115–16 Zhang v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 572 F.3d 1316 (11th Cir. 2009) :: 1876 Zhu v. Gonzales, 411 F.3d 292 (D.C. Cir. 2005) :: 1539, 1964 Zhang v. USCIS, 344 F.Supp.3d 32 (D.D.C. 2018) :: 1563, 1565, Zhu v. Gonzales, 465 F.3d 316 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 789 1922, 1926, 2056, 2103 Zhu v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 588 (5th Cir. 2007) :: 1025, 1028, Zhanling Jiang v. Holder, 658 F.3d 1118 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 587, 1986, 2098 678 Zhu v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 744 F.3d 268 (3d Cir. 2014) :: 1874 Zhao v. DOJ, 265 F.3d 83 (2d Cir. 2001) :: 1033–34, 1038, 1843, Zhu; U.S. v., 555 F.Supp.2d 1375 (S.D. Ga. 2008) :: 500 1861, 2058 Zhuang v. Gonzales, 471 F.3d 884 (8th Cir. 2006) :: 1002, 1995, Zhao v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 295 (5th Cir. 2005) :: 847, 965, 1040, 1997 1841, 1861, 1966, 1968, 2058, 2098 Ziglar v. Abbasi, 582 U.S. __, 137 S.Ct. 1843 (2017) :: 270, 545, Zhao v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 405 (7th Cir. 2006) :: 1877 549, 2131, 2138–39, 2162 Zhao v. Holder, 569 F.3d 238 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1027, 1845 Zine v. Mukasey, 517 F.3d 535 (8th Cir. 2008) :: 1002, 1113–14, Zhao v. INS, 452 F.3d 154 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 1880, 1884 1473, 1986, 1993 Zhao v. Mukasey, 540 F.3d 1027 (9th Cir. 2008) :: 1014, 1041 Zingis, Matter of; 14 I&N Dec. 621 (BIA 1974) :: 149 Zhao v. Mukasey, 569 F.3d 238 (6th Cir. 2009) :: 1000 Zinnanti v. INS, 651 F.2d 420 (5th Cir. 1981) :: 382 Zhao Quan Chen v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 153 (2d Cir. 2007) :: Ziu v. Gonzales, 412 F.3d 202 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 1044 2059 Zivkovic v. Holder, 724 F.3d 894 (7th Cir. 2013) :: 327, 370, 520, Zheng v. Ashcroft, 332 F.3d 1186 (9th Cir. 2003) :: 885 1753 Zheng v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 919 (9th Cir. 2004) :: 2175 Zivotofsky ex rel. Ari Z v. Secretary of State, 444 F.3d 614 (D.C. Zheng v. Ashcroft, 397 F.3d 1139 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 969, 1027, Cir. 2006), rev'd on other grounds, Zivotofsky ex rel. Zivo- 1840, 2098 tofsky v. Clinton, 566 U.S. 189 (2012) :: 2023, 2034 Zheng v. DOJ, 409 F.3d 43 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 643 Zivotofsky ex rel. Zivotofsky v. Kerry, 576 U.S. __, 135 S.Ct. 2076 Zheng v. DOJ, 416 F.3d 129 (2d Cir. 2005) :: 1877, 1879 (2015) :: 38, 2023, 2109, 2318 Zheng v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d 804 (7th Cir. 2005) :: 967, 1023, Zixiang Li v. Kerry, 710 F.3d 995 (9th Cir. 2013) :: 1424, 1434, 1844, 2037 1929, 2008, 2028 Zheng v. Gonzales, 415 F.3d 955 (8th Cir. 2005) :: 970, 1024, Zi Zhi Tang v. Gonzales, 489 F.3d 987 (9th Cir. 2007) :: 1023, 1026, 1049 1028 Zheng v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 97 (1st Cir. 2005) :: 791 Zizi v. Bausman, 306 F.Supp.3d 697 (E.D. Pa. 2018) :: 627, Zheng v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 379 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 957, 1000, 1417, 1419, 1920 1051, 1721, 1989, 2064 Zmijewska, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 87 (BIA 2007) :: 641, 1719, Zheng v. Gonzales, 422 F.3d 98 (3d Cir. 2005) :: 45, 641, 2046, 1736 2082 Z-Noorani, Inc. v. Richardson, 950 F.Supp.2d 1330 (N.D. Ga. Zheng v. Gonzales, 440 F.3d 76 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 993 2013) :: 1604–5, 2049 Zheng v. Gonzales, 464 F.3d 60 (1st Cir. 2006) :: 632, 998 Zoarab v. Mukasey, 524 F.3d 777 (6th Cir. 2008) :: 806, 1031 Zheng v. Gonzales, 475 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2007) :: 1024 Zodiac Solutions, 2015-PER-179 (Feb. 22, 2019) :: 1669 Zheng v. Gonzales, 497 F.3d 201 (2d Cir. 2007) :: 1023 Zolicoffer v. DOJ, 315 F.3d 538 (5th Cir. 2003) :: 537, 1938 Zheng v. Holder, 644 F.3d 829 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 1790 Zolotukhin v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 1073 (9th Cir. 2005) :: 471, Zheng v. Holder, 698 F.3d 710 (8th Cir. 2013) :: 695, 876 661, 667 Zheng v. INS, 933 F.Supp. 338 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) :: 1433 Zorilla-Vidal, Matter of; 24 I&N Dec. 768 (BIA 2009) :: 293, 389 Zheng v. Mukasey, 507 F.3d 1074 (7th Cir. 2007) :: 2089 Zubeda v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 463 (3d Cir. 2003) :: 685, 881, 890, Zheng v. Mukasey, 509 F.3d 869 (8th Cir. 2007) :: 1873 932, 951, 963, 1004, 1018 Zheng v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 70 (1st Cir. 2008) :: 1025 Zubeda v. Elwood, 265 F.Supp.2d 509 (E.D. Pa. 2003) :: 253 Zheng v. Mukasey, 552 F.3d 277 (2d Cir. 2009) :: 468, 865, 1987 Zuh v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 504 (4th Cir. 2008) :: 867 Zheng v. Pogash, 416 F.Supp.2d 550 (S.D. Tex. 2006) :: 1554, Zuluaga-Martinez v. INS, 523 F.3d 365 (2d Cir. 2008) :: 1748 1557, 1966 Zumel v. Lynch, 803 F.3d 463 (9th Cir. 2015) :: 195, 1837 Zheng v. Reno, 166 F.Supp.2d 875 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) :: 1952 Zundel v. Holder, 687 F.3d 271 (6th Cir. 2012) :: 1981, 2026, Zheng v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 451 F.3d 1287 (11th Cir. 2006) :: 789, 2140 1013, 1048 Zuniga v. Barr, 946 F.3d 464 (9th Cir. 2019) :: 736–37, 742, 928– Zheng v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 549 F.3d 260 (3d Cir. 2008) :: 1875 29, 936, 940 Zheng; U.S. v., 306 F.3d 1080 (11th Cir. 2002) :: 428 Zuñiga-Guerrero; U.S. v., 460 F.3d 733 (6th Cir. 2006) :: 310, 315, 1756 Zheng Liu v. Chertoff, 538 F.Supp.2d 1116 (D. Minn. 2008) :: 2168, 2172 Zuniga-Perez v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 114 (2d Cir. 2018) :: 485 Zhen Nan Lin v. DOJ, 459 F.3d 255 (2d Cir. 2006) :: 662, 674, Zyapkov v. Lynch, 817 F.3d 556 (7th Cir. 2016) :: 182, 1419 798, 961, 968, 993 Z-Z-O-, Matter of; 26 I&N Dec. 586 (BIA 2015) :: 1035, 1821, Zhen Zhou Wu; U.S. v., 711 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2013) :: 435 1835–36 Zhi Fei Liao v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 910 F.3d 714 (3d Cir. 2018) :: 299, ZZYYM v. Pompeo, 958 F.3d 1014 (10th Cir. 2020) :: 2054, 2317 356 Zhiqiang Hu v. Holder, 652 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2011) :: 807, 889, 1014