© Entomologica Fennica. 24 March 2000

The scythridid fauna of the southern Mountains, with description of fourteen new {: )

Kari Nupponen, Bengt A. Bengtsson, Jari-Pekka Kaitila, Timo Nupponen, Jari Junnilainen & Vladimir Olschwang

Nupponen, K., Bengtsson, B. A., Kaitila, J-P., Nupponen, T., Junnilainen, J. & Olschwang, V. 2000: The scythridid fauna of the southern Ural Mountains, with description of fourteen new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae). - Entomol. Fennica 11: 5-34.

A list of 37 species of the Scythrididae from the southern Ural Mountains is presented. The material was collected during 1996-1999 in five different Finn­ ish -Russian expeditions. Fourteen new species are described by varying com­ bination of authors: acipenserella K. & T. Nupponen sp. n., S. aegrella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen sp. n., S. albisaxella K. & T. Nupponen sp. n., S. arkaimensis Bengtsson sp. n., S. brunneofasciella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen sp. n., S. cretacella K. & T. Nupponen, sp. n., S. elenae K. Nupponen sp. n., S. eversmanni K. & T. Nupponen sp. n., S. karinupponeni Bengtsson sp. n., S. luxatiella K. Nupponen & Kaitila sp. n., S. olschwangi K. & T. Nupponen sp. n., S. perlucidella K. & T. Nupponen sp. n., S. remexella K. Nupponen & Kaitila sp. n. and S. sublaminella K. & T. Nupponen sp. n .. One unknown species is men­ tioned but not described because only a single female is available. In addition, 10 species are reported as new for . The known distribution range of each species is given as well as further notes on some poorly known species.

Kari Nupponen, Miniatontie 1 B 9, FIN-02360 Espoo, Finland Bengt A. Bengtsson, Lokegatan 3, S-38693 Fiirjestaden, Sweden Jari-Pekka Kaitila, Kannuskuja 8 D 37, F/N-01200 Vantaa, Finland Timo Nupponen, Riilahdentie 5 D 15, F/N-02360 Espoo, Finland Jari Junnilainen, Mahlapolku 3, F/N-01730 Vantaa, Finland Vladimir Olschwang, Nagomaja street 11-32, RUS-620028 Ekaterinburg, Russia

Received 30 Apri/1999, accepted 26 September 1999

1. Introduction est elevation in the southern part being 1640 m (a.s.l.). The biotopes at higher elevation are taiga The Ural Mountains form a 2 000 km long natu­ forests with a few isolated mountain tundra habi­ ral border between and . The moun­ tats on the highest hilltops. The southernmost part tains almost reach the Caspian Sea in the south of the Ural Mountains has been reduced to a foot­ and the Arctic Ocean seashore in the north. It is hill zone, gradually becoming lowland steppe an old and relatively low mountain range, the high- without any clear border. 6 Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

The most important article about the Lepidop­ few no lepidopterists have collected in the past. tera fauna of the southern Ural Mountains was The first author and others have thus been able to published by Eversmann (1844). In the beginning travel in unexplored regions of Russia, e.g. in the of the 20th century there were some collecting southern Ural Mountains, and subsequently found activities in that region, but no noteworthy publi­ several undescribed scythridids. Some of there­ cations exist. Since then, only have been sults have already been published, see Sinev studied there, and the knowledge of the Micro­ (1993), Sachkov (1995), Bengtsson & Liska lepidoptera fauna in the southern Ural region has (1996), Bengtsson & Sutter (1996), Bengtsson been a blank page during the last one hundred (1997a) and Bengtsson (1997b). The Asian scyth­ years. ridid fauna is currently under study and a paper However, despite thorough investigations comprising all known data will be published in a Eversmann did not mention any records on scyth­ few years (Bengtsson, in prep.). ridids in his work. The reason for this lack may be explained from the collecting methods, al­ though some species that fly in sunshine are easy 2. The investigation area, material to catch by net. In reality, the scythridid fauna is and methods very rich in the southern Ural region and may in­ clude several endemic species. Since Eversmann's The investigated area is situated in Cheliabinsk and Oren­ days, a considerable part of steppe habitats have burg and Bashlciria in the southern Ural Mountains, between 50°40'N- 55°01 'Nand 54°26'E- 62°06'E (Fig. 1). been destroyed due to agricultural influence, but The majority of collecting places was located at eastern - large areas are still in original or sub-original con­ southern foothill region and at low altitude. The habitats were dition for investigations. mainly different kinds of steppes, but also taiga forests, al­ The political situation in Europe/Asia has pine meadows and mountain tundra. The lowest locality was made possible visiting remote areas where very in the valley of the river , Novoiletzk (100 m a.s.l.) and

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Fig . 1. Map of southern Ural region with collecting localities. 1. Ajat river; 2. Arkaim; 3. Bajmak; 4. Berlin; 5. Chalk Hills; 6. lremel; 7. Kidriasovo; 8. Kizilskoye; 9. ; 10. Kuvandyk 2; 11 . Miass; 12. Moskovo; 13. Burannoe, Novoiletzk; 14. river; 15. Verbljushka; 16. Zirgan. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern 7

the highest one the Jremel Mountain (1580 m a.s.l.). Most 10.VII.1997, 22.-23.VII.1998, 15.-16.VI.l999. localities were lying at an elevation of 200-450 m. - 3, BAJMAK: Bashkiria, 52°40'N 58°34'E, 450 m, The present article is based on the material collected Bajmak 15 km E. Open foothill steppe locality. 17.- during 1996-1999 in 5 different expeditions. The dates, vi s­ 18.VI.1998. ited areas and collectors in each of the trips are as follow: - 4, BERLIN: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°59'N 61 °l2'E, 250 - 1: 13.-29.VJ.1996; Cheliabinsk oblast, Bashkiria; K. m, Troizkii reserve near Berlin village. A small, mainly grass­ Nupponen, J.-P. Kaitila, J. Junnilainen, M. Ahola. land steppe surrounded by a bog and young forest. 30.VI.- -2: 26.VI.-16.VII.1997; Cheliabinsk oblast; K. Nuppo­ 02.VII.1997. nen, J.-P. Kaitila, J. Junnilainen, M. Ahola. - 13, BURANNOE: , 50°58'N 54°25'E, - 3: 25.V.-22.Vl.1998; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk 100 m, near Burannoe village, Ilek river valley. Lowland Ar­ oblast, Bashkiria; K. Nupponen, T. Nupponen, J. Junnilain­ temisia steppes, wet meadows and wetlands. 20.- en. 21.VI.l999. -4: 11.-31.VII.J998; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk ob­ - 5, CHALK HILLS (Fig. 2): Orenburg oblast, 50°40- last, Bashkiria; K. Nupponen. 45'N 54°26-28'£, 170-230 m, Pokrovka village 20 km S, - 5: 10.-30.Vl.1999; Orenburg oblast, Cheliabinsk ob­ Schibendy valley. A dry, open, lowland Artemisia austriaca last, Bashkiria; K. Nupponen, T. Nupponen. steppe with wet meadows along the small riverside. Whitish The material, altogether over 1300 specimens of scyth­ limestone rocks surround the flat valley, the vegetation be­ tidids, is mostly deposited in the private collections of the ing luxurious in northem slopes and very sparse in southern observers. Some duplicates, including several paratypes, are slopes. 03.-07.Vl.1998, l7.-l8.VII.l998, 2!.-24.VI.l999. in the collections of Bengt A. Bengtsson and Zoological - 6, IREMEL: Cheliabinsk oblast, 54°3l-35'N 58°49- Museum, University of Helsinki. In addition to the material 54'£, 900-1580 m, Iremel Mountain reserve. Taiga forest collected, at least another 1300 scythridid specimens were between 800-1300 m, alpine meadows at 1300-1400 m and observed but not collected because they were easily deter­ mountain tundra at the highest elevation over 1400 m. 24.- mined in the field, especially in the case of mass occurrence 27.VI.l996, ll.-l4.VI1.1997, 25.-28.VI.l999. of certain species. The overwhelming majority of the materi­ - 7, KIDRIASOVO: Orenburg oblast, 51 °l3'N 57"37'E, al was collected by sweeping and netting at daylight. A few 350 m, 20 km S, near Kidriasovo village. Open, specimens were also collected by artificial light. partly gravelly foothill steppe with plenty of Caragana bushes The material has been examined by Kari Nupponen and in lower parts of the slopes and wet meadows between the Bengt A. Bengtsson. To avoid multi-authorship, the new spe­ the hills. 28.-30.V.1998, 16.VI.1999. cies are described by varying combination of authors. In the - 8, KIZILSKOYE: Cheliabinsk oblast, 52°39'N 59°00'E, cases of two authors, the second author has collected a note­ 300 m, Kizilskoye 15 km S, near Ural river. Dry, open Ar­ worthy part of specimens or the first specimen of the new temisia austriaca - Stipa steppe with rocky hills. 27.- taxon. The type specimens can be loaned by request through 28.V.l998. the Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki or straight - 9, KUVANDYK: Orenburg oblast, 51°26'N 57°26'E, from the owners. 250m, Kuvandyk 12 km SE. A foothill region with different The collecting localities are mentioned below. Brief var­ kinds of steppes and old Quercus - Populus- Betula forests iants of locality names are given in uppercase letters before on the top of the hills.l3.-16.Vl.l998, 19.-2l.VII.I998. each locality and used later in the species list. The number - 10, KUVANDYK 2: Orenburg oblast, 51 °37'N 57°34'E, given to each of the localities is connected with that on the 300 m, Kuvandyk 30 km NE. Rocky hills and meadows, at map (Fig. 1). the slopes some blackish coloured, hot, gravelly spots with - I, AJAT RJVER: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°02'N 62°06'E, sparse vegetation. 16.-17.VI.1998. 200 m, Ajat river near Nikolaevka village. A rocky hill in a - 11, MIASS: Cheliabinsk oblast, 55°01 'N 60°06'E, 350 riverbank, surrounded by a moist place on a riverside and a m, Miass, limen State reserve. Forest steppes and old conifer large Artemisia steppe. 03.-05.VII.l997, 24.-25.VII.l998. forests. 13.VI.1996, 28.-29.VI.l996, 26.-29.VI.1997, 15.- - 2,ARKAIM: Cheliabinsk oblast, 52°39'N 59°34'E, 350 16.VII.l997, 25.-26.V.1998, 19.-20.VI.1998, 29.VI.l999. m, Arkaim reserve near Amurskii village. A large reserve with - 12, MOSKOVO: Cheliabinsk oblast, 53°57'N 59°03'E, different kinds of steppe habitats. 14.-19.VI.1996, 06.- 650 m, near Moskovo village. Open, rocky foothill region

Fig. 2. Chalk Hills. The habitat of Scythris acipenserella sp. n., S. a/bisaxella sp. n., S. brunneofasciella sp. n., S. olschwangi sp. n., S. perlucidella sp. n., S. remexella sp. n. and many other scythridids men­ tioned in the present article. 8 Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

Fig. 3. Verbljushka. The habitat of Scyth­ ris elenae sp. n., S. eversmanni sp. n., S. perlucidella sp. n., S. setiella (Z.) and S. sub/aminella sp. n. with different kinds of steppes and wet meadows along Nupponen. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen. Para types (40 a a, the riverside. 22.-23. VI.I996, 10.-11. VII.l997, 8 ~ ~ ): Same data as holotype, except for dates: I a 26.V.I998, 18 .VI. 1998, 1l.-13.VII.1998. 21.VI.l999; 3l aa, 6 1111 22.VI.1999; Sa a , 2 1111 - 13, NOVOILETZK: Orenburg oblast, 50°59'N 54°17- 23.Vl.l999. Genitalia slides: K. Nupponen prep. no. II 22'E, 100m, Novoiletzk 8 km E, Ilek river valley. Sand dune 17.X.l999, 2117.X.l999, l/23.X.l999; 2 further genitalia region with few Artemisia steppe spots, wet meadows and preparations preserved in glycerol. Paratypes in the co11ec­ wetlands. 08.-09.VI.1998. tions of T. & K. Nupponen, Bengt A. Bengtsson and Zoolog­ - 14, SAKMARA RIVER: Bashkiria, 51 °54'N 57°43'E, ical Museum, University of Helsinki. 450 m, Sakmara river near Jantyshevo village. Forest steppes, Additional material. 1 ci' Spain, prov. Granada, Alpujar­ meadows and mixed forests. 20.-2l.VI.l996. ra, 17.-23 .V.1997, leg. L. Sippola. In coli. Sippola. - 15, VERBLJUSHKA (Fig. 3): Orenburg ob1ast, 51 °23'N 56°49'E, 130-340 m, Donskoje village 6 km W, Mount Ver­ Diagnosis. Habitually S. acipenserella sp. n. bljushka. A 200 m high hill in the Ural River bank at the is very similar to S. remexella sp. n. (see below). southern comer of the foothill region. The southern slope is Forewing of acipenserella darker, pale markings extremely hot with more or less sparse vegetation. Artemisia more distinct and a dark spot at cell end more austriaca steppe is present in the western slope and quite a luxuriant, ri ch flora in the northern slope. There are wet mead­ indistinct. Male genitalia with bunch of long bris­ ows and deciduous forest between the hill and the river. 30.V.- tles reminding of S. sitarcha Meyrick, 1918 and 02.VI.l998, 10.-12.VI.l998, 14.-16.VII.1998, 17.-19.VI. S. platypyga Staudinger, 1880, but differ from 1999. both in many other characters, like laterally fused, - 16, ZIRGAN: Bashkiria, 53° !2'N 56°00'E, 400 m, near Zirgan village. Forest steppes. 24.VI.l999. rectangular valvae and shape of lateral processes in tegumen. 3. List of scythridid species Description. Wingspan 6-7.5 mm. Head, an­ tenna, collar, tegula and thorax brown. Labial palp, haustellum and neck tuft pale greyish brown; la­ The species are presented in alphabetic order as bial palp short, less than 1.5x diameter of eye. the family Scythrididae has not been revised and Legs pale fuscous, hind legs paler. Abdomen dor­ the relationships within the family are not fully sally fuscous; ventrally greyish beige, in male understood. The known distribution for each spe­ basally darker. Forewing dark brown with scat­ cies is given, as well as further notes on some tered paler scales occurring in numbers in apical poorly known species. area and more or less sparsely elsewhere; in fold greyish beige streak from base to tomus, cut by Scythris acipenserella K. Nupponen & T. Nup­ dark brown spot at mid wing; another, larger dark ponensp.n. brown spot at cell end; tarnal and costal spots grey­ Type material. Holotype: a (Fig. 4): Russia, southern Urals, ish beige, more or less distinct. Hind wing fuscous. 50°45'N 54°28'E, 170m, Oren burg oblast, Pokrovka vil­ Male genitalia (Fig. 5, Fig. 6). Uncus reduced. lage 20 km S, Schibendy vall ey, 22.VI.l999, leg. T. & K. Socii with long bristles. Gnathos robust, round- ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern 9

ish, ventrally concave, distally slightly tapered and in the type material. cut-off. Tegumen large, anteriorly with two thick, The combination of characters in the male and distally rounded lateral processes and two trian­ female genitalia does not coincide with any known gular, posterolateral processes. Aedeagus short species-group. and thick, distally with tapered, pointed extension and longer thick, blunt process. Valvae small, rec­ tangular, laterally fused. Sternum VIII small, cres­ Scythris aegrella K. Nupponen & Junnilainen cent-shaped, anterior margin slightly concave. sp. n. Tergum VIII wide, terminally bilobed; lobes hom­ like, bent and pointed processes; from base of Type material. Holotype: 0' (Fig. 8): Russia, southern Urals, lobes backward two long, narrow, apically slightly 50°59'N 54° l7-22'E, 100m, Orenburg oblast, Novoiletzk 8 curved formations; laterally triangularly extend­ km E, 08.VI.l998, leg. J. Junnilainen. Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 3/14.11.1999. In coll. J. Junnilainen. Para­ ed, extensions medially with triangular flaps. types (9 0' o-, I'?): Russia, southern Urals, 50°58'N 54o25'E, Female genitalia (Fig. 7). Sterigma long, tu­ Orenburg oblast, near Burannoe village, 3 0' 0' 20.VI.1999, bular, basally slightly widened; tip sclerotized, 60' o- , 1 '? 2l.VI.l999, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. Genitalia slide: bent and tapered; cephalic portion straight, more K. Nupponen prep. no. l/18.X.l999 ('f); 1 further genitalia preparation preserved in glycerol. Paratypes in the collec­ or less membranous and wrinkled. Sternum VII tions ofT. & K. Nupponen and Bengt A. Bengtsson. quadrangular, posterior corners blunt; mediopos­ Diagnosis. Externally S. aegrella sp. n. may teriorly furnished with weakly sclerotized, round­ be confused with many medium-sized, dark ish, pouch-like fmmation. Sternum VIII basally scythridids. Indistinct black streaks sunounding and laterally slightly wrinkled. Apophyses poste­ fold on the forewing may help to identify the . riores long and slender. Apophyses anteliores 0.4x Male genitalia of the new taxon are typical of the length of apophyses posteriores. pascuella group, the main distinguishing charac­ Bionomy. The specimens were collected in the ters being a broad, triangular flap and apico-lat­ second part of June. The habitat was a large Ar­ eral extension in valva. temisia austriaca steppe. Description. Wingspan 12-13.5 mm. Head, Distribution. Russia (S-Ural), Spain. antenna, collar, tegula and thorax purplish olive Etymology. The species name refers to the brown. Haustellum and neck tuft pale brown. ground colour of the forewing, shining at day­ Labial palp dark brown, segment I and upper sur­ light in equal dark tone as black caviar produced face of segment II covered with pale scales. Fore­ by the Caspian Sea sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus and midlegs brown, glossy, more or less mixed Pallas, 1771 ). with pale scales; hindlegs pale greyish brown. Remarks. In addition to the type series, one Abdomen dorsally olive fuscous, ventrally pale further specimen was surprisingly found among yellowish grey. Forewing dark olive brown, slight­ the material collected from southern Spain. This ly purplish; paler scales in fold from base to mid­ male specimen is darker with more indistinct pale wing and a few ones near dorsum; on both sides markings on the forewings than the specimens of fold indistinct, more or less breaking black collected from the southern Urals. However, the streak from 0.2 to cell end. Hindwing brown. male genitalia are identical. The habitual differ­ Male genitalia (Fig. 9, Fig. 10). Uncus bifur­ ence may due to the extremely pale colour of the cate prong, arms straight. Gnathos long, terminal soil in Chalk Hills, as the majority of the moth half tapered, tip bent and pointed. Aedeagus 3/4 specimens are paler coloured in that locality than of valva length, almost straight, tenninally tapered. those in normal habitats. The same kind ofbicen­ Valva longish, curved, apically widened and cut tric distribution exists in several species occur­ off; ventrally at 0.4 from base broad, triangular ring in Chalk Hills, for example Asalebria pseud­ flap; in central part of valva longitudinal fold from oflorella (A. Schmidt, 1934) (K. Nupponen, un­ base to 0.7. Vinculum without posterior incurva­ published). Because of habitual difference and a tion. Sternum VIII subpentagonal, posterior ex­ long distance between the type locality and south­ tension long with bifurcate apex. Tergum VIII ern Spain, the spanish specimen is not included subtrapezoid, posterior margin straight. 10 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

Female genitalia (Fig. 11). Sterigma subpen­ disconnected white streak of forewing are good tagonal, posterior margin medially incised; scle­ distinguishing marks for the species. The genita­ rotization extended anteriorly. Ostium rimmed. lia separateS. albisaxella sp. n. from other known Antrum weakly sclerotized. Sternum VII subquad­ scythridids (see Remarks). rangular, mid-posteriorly furnished with semicir­ Description. Wingspan 7.5-8.5 mm. Head, an­ cular process; posterior margin convex with very tenna, collar, tegula and thorax brown. Neck tuft small medial incision; anterior margin slightly and haustellum pale brown. Labial palp pale concave. Apophyses posteriores long and slender. brown, terminally darker. Abdomen dorsally fus­ Apophyses anteriores 0.5x length of apophyses cous, ventrally pale yellowish brown. Legs yel­ posteriores. lowish brown. Forewing brown; disconnected Bionomy. The specimens were collected in the white streak in fold from base to cell end, cut by second third of June. The habitats were lowland 3 moderately indistinct blackish brown spots at Artemisia steppes in the zone where the steppe 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8, such very indistinct spots being changes to a wet meadow. present also above tornus and at apex; apical area Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). The taxon is mixed with more or less numerous whitish grey known from Orenburg oblast in the southern Ural scales. Hindwing fuscous. region. To date, there are two known places for Male genitalia (Fig. 13, Fig. 14). Tegumen the species located close to each other in the val­ extended left-posteriorly. Uncus left weighted, ley of the river Ilek. short, rectangular; strong terminal sclerotization Etymology. Lat. aegra = difficult. The name shaped as molar tooth. Gnathos moderately long, refers to the history of the discovery of the spe­ tapered, terminally strongly sclerotized. Aedea­ cies. We were searching for a sand dune region in gus thick and short, terminally curved and tapered. Novoiletzk in the evening. While driving along a Valvae basally fused, then with short, narrow shaft; steppe, the habitat suddenly changed to a wetland apical 3/4 large, spatular, setose process; ventral and our car partly sunk into a soft ground. We margin almost straight, dorsal margin convex, were forced to wait there one day for help. De­ apex rounded. Sternum VIII rectangular, 3x as spite difficulties, we quickly jumped out from the wide as high. Tergum VIII subtriangular, with deep car for collecting, and later found the first speci­ apical cleavage; anterior margin concave; lateral men of S. aegrella among that material. processes long, bent, asymmetrical, larger one Remark. S. aegrella belongs to the pascuella with strongly sclerotized apex. species-group. Female genitalia (Fig. 15). Sterigma triangu­ lar, tip strongly sclerotized, distally blunt; basal Scythris albisaxella K. Nupponen & T. Nuppo­ corners extended, pointed. Sternum VII subrec­ nen sp. n. tangular, posteriorly slightly extended with U­ shaped medial incision and smalllabiate scleroti­ Type material. Holotype: c3' (Fig. 12): Russia, southern Urals, zation at 'bottom' of incision. Apophyses anteri­ 50°45 'N 54°28'E, 170 m, Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka vil­ ores 1/3x length of apophyses posteriores. lage 20 krn S, Schibendy valley, 07.VI.l998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen. Paratypes (5ld'd', Bionomy. The specimens were collected in the 20 !f !f): Same data as holotype, except for dates: 2 d' c3' beginning of June. The moth was active in the 03.VI.l998;39d' d' , 18!f !f 04.VI.l998; ld' 05.VI.l998;6d'd' afternoon sunshine, although the first two speci­ 07.Vl.l998; 3d' cl' , 2!f !f 22.VI.l999. 1 !f Same locality as mens were caught by artificial light. The habitat holotype but 03 .-07.VI.l998, leg. J. Junnilainen. Genitalia slides: K. Nupponen prep. no. 4/15.XI.l998, l/03.I.l999; 2 was a wide Artemisia austriaca steppe. further genitalia preparations preserved in glycerol. Paratypes Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only known in the collections ofT. & K. Nupponen, Bengt A. Bengtsson, from the type locality. J. Junnilainen and Zoological Museum, University of Hel­ Etymology. Lat. albus = white; saxus = rock. sinki. From the habitat; Schibendy valley is bordered Diagnosis. May be confused with many small, by extremely calcareous, white and rocky slopes, dark scythridids, for example S. gozmanyi Pas­ called Chalk Hills by the local people. serin d'Entreves and S. arkaimensis sp. n. (see below). Brown (not blackish) ground colour and Remarks. There are several eastern scythrid- ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 11

ids with the genitalia morphology similar to al­ Bionomy. Unknown. Imago appears in June in bisaxella, typical features being spatular and se­ steppe habitat. tose, basally fused valvae and asymmetrical, Etymology. The species-name refers to the type strongly sclerotized gnathos in the male genita­ locality. lia. Such features are typical of e.g. S. arkaimen­ Remarks. The genitalia is partly attacked by sis sp. n. (see below) and of the recently described noxious . Aedeagus and tergum VIII are S. terekholensis Bengtsson, 1997. S. albisaxella eaten up. Gnathos is also missing in the genitalia, is placed in this species group. The female geni­ but possibly it is in fact reduced. However, there talia are close to those of S. kullbergi Bengtsson, remains enough characteristic details (valva, un­ 1997 but differing from that in details: in albi­ cus) in the genitalia to separate the new taxon from saxella the sterigma is narrower with distally other known species. For the moment it is diffi­ broader sclerotized tip and sternum VII less elon­ cult to assign the taxon to a known species-group. gate with smaller labiate sclerotization and in­ Fresh specimens including females may solve the cised posterior margin. problem.

Scythris arkaimensis Bengtsson sp. n. Scythris bengtssoni Patocka & Liska, 1989

Type material. Holotype: a (Fig. 16): Russia, S-Ural, Cheli­ Arkaim 16.VI.1996, 08.-09.VII.1997, 22.VIL 1998, abinsk oblast, 52°39'N 59°34'E, 350m, Arkaim reserve near 15.VI.1999; Moskovo 19.VI.1998. A total of 11 exx. Amurskii village, 15.VI.1996, leg. K. Nupponen, J.-P. Kaiti­ Distribution. Eastern central Europe (Austria, la, J. Junnilainen & M. Ahola. Genitalia slide: BAB 714X. Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Switzerland). In coil. T. & K. Nupponen. Diagnosis. Similar to a small S. picaepennis Remark. These records extend the known dis­ (Haworth, 1828) but genitalia quite different. tribution of the species over 2000 km to the east. Description. Wingspan ca 9 mm. Head dark New to Russia. brownish. Basal joint of labial palp whitish, sec­ ond joint fuscous with plenty of whitish scales, Scythris bifissella (Hofmann, 1889) twice as long as diameter of eye, terminal joint Ajat river 03 .-05.VII.1997; Arkaim 14.-19.VI. 1996, 07.- short, fuscous. Scape and flagellum of antenna 10.VII.1997; Berlin 30.VI.-02.VII. 1997; Burannoe [broken near scape] brownish. Collar laterally 20.VI.l999; Chalk Hills 04.-07.VI.l998, 22.-23.VI.l999; dirty whitish. Tegula and thorax dark fuscous. Kidriasovo 28.-29.V. 1998, 16.VI.l999; Ki zilskoye Forewing with dark fuscous coloration, mixed in 28.V.1998; Kuvandyk 16.VI.l998; Kuvandyk 2 16.- 17.VI.1998; Moskovo 26.-27.V.1998, 18.-19.VI.1998, 12.VII. with several paler scales, especially in apical part. 1998. Common. Hindwing fuscous, darker at tip. Legs brownish Distribution. C Europe, Russia (Baikal region, beige with some scattered whitish scales but fore­ Altai Mountains). leg femur and hindleg tibia whitish. Male abdo­ men fuscous dorsally, beige with dirty whitish Scythris braschiella (Hofmann, 1898) scales ventrally. Male genitalia (Fig. 17). Uncus bifid, inden­ Moskovo 1l.VII.l998. I\?. tation U-shaped. Valva blade-shaped, inner mar­ Distribution. Germany, Greece, Turkey, Po­ gin straight, outer curved, near base constricted. land (Baran 1996). Two asymmetrical processes basally on valva, left Remarks. This record extends the known dis­ one with very pointed elbow and rounded, minute­ tribution considerably to the east. New to Russia. ly furrowed tip, right one with rounded elbow, tip rounded and rough. Sternum VIII rectangular plate Scythris brunneofasciella K. Nupponen & Jun­ (see also Remarks). nilainen sp. n. Female genitalia. Unknown. Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only known Type material. Holotype: \? (Fig. 18): Russia, southern Urals, from the type locality. 50°40'N 54°26'E, 220 m, Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka vii- 12 Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

!age 20 km S, Schibendy valley, 03.-07.Vl.l998, leg. J. Jun­ 1998; Kuvandyk 2 16.-17.Vl.1998; Miass 26.-29. VI.l997; nilainen. Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 2/14.11.1999. Moskovo 22.-23.VI.1996, 10.-1l.VII. 1997, 26.V.l998, In coli. J. Junnilainen. 18.VI.1998, 12.VII. 1998; Novoiletzk 8.VI.1998; Sakmara Diagnosis. S. brunneofasciella sp. n. is easy river 20.-2l.VI. 1996; Verbljushka 3J.V.-02.VI.l998, 10.- 12.VI. 1998, 17.-19.VI.l999. Widely distributed and often to separate from other known scythridids by the abundant. broad, brown fascia of the forewing. Distribution. C and S Europe, east to Altai. Description. Wingspan 13.5 mm. Head, an­ Remarks. In all populations in the area inves­ tenna, haustellum and labial palp brown. Collar, tigated specimens with white markings on forew­ neck tuft and thorax blackish brown, slightly pur­ ings were present: a streak in fold and/or a spot at plish, mixed with a few brown scales. Legs black­ cell end. The ratio between marked and unicol­ ish brown with following whitish brown ring­ oured specimens was estimated in 4 localities shaped markings: terminall/4 of femur; two broad (Chalk Hills, Kuvandyk, Moskovo, Verbljushka) rings at 0.5 and at end of tibia; two narrow rings by checking the first 60 specimens in each local­ at 0.5 and 0.7 of tarsus. Rings in hind legs more ity (T. & K. Nupponen). The portion of marked distinct. Forewing dark brown, more or less mixed specimens in populations varied between 25-30 with pale brown scales forming basal dash, dis­ %. tinct broad fascia at 0.7 and narrow terminal fas­ cia; in fold moderately indistinct blackish brown Scythris cretacella K. Nupponen & T. Nuppo­ short streak at base, likewise coloured large spot nensp. n. at mid wing and another smaller spot at cell end. Hindwing fuscous, margin darker. Fringe in both Tvpe material. Holotype: 'i' (Fig. 20): Russia, southern Urals, forewing and hind wing with faint purplish lustre. 5.0°45'N 54°28'E, 170m, Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka vil­ Male genitalia. Unknown. lage 20 km S, Schibendy valley, 06.VI.l998, leg. T. & K. Female genitalia (Fig. 19). Sterigma widely Nupponen. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen. Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 3/18.X.l999. arched, posteriorly shallowly incurved, anterior Diagnosis. Externally may be confused with margin uneven; lateral shanks long, tapered. Ster­ several pale scythridids, especially in the canes­ num VII rectangular; anterior margin with small, cens group. The female genitalia are rather close roundish medial extension; posterior margin me­ to those of S. pruinata Falkovitch, 1972 but can dially concave with separate, flat, rectangular ex­ be separated from that by broader and shorter ster­ tension, surrounded by two subtriangular exten­ igma and the sclerotized process in sternum VII. sions. Large membranous pouch connected with Description. Wingspan 10 mm. Head, anten­ posterior margin of sternum VII. Apophyses an­ na, thorax, collar and tegula pale fuscous. Neck teriores 0.5x length of apophyses posteriores. tuft, haustellum and labial palp pale greyish beige. Bionomy. The specimen was collected in the Legs greyish white. Abdomen dorsally beige, ven­ beginning of June. The habitat was a hot, south­ trally greyish white. Forewing pale fuscous, pal­ ern slope with very sparse vegetation (Fig. 2). er at costa; indistinct blackish brown streak in fold Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only recorded from base to mid wing and dash of same colour at from the type locality. cell end; dorsal margin of fold and apical half of Etymology. The name brunneofasciella alludes wing with scattered dirty white scales; fringe to a broad, transversal brown fascia on the forew­ beige. Hindwing basally whitish, apically pale ing of the moth. fuscous. Remark. Until the male is found the group to Male genitalia. Unknown. which S. brunneofasciella belongs cannot be set­ Female genitalia (Fig. 21). Sterigma rectan­ tled. gular, mid-anteriorly around ostium roundish area without sclerotization. Sternum VII subquadran­ Scythris clavella (Zeller, 1855) gular; anterior margin medially incurved; poste­ rior margin medially with V-shaped incurvation Arkaim 14.-19.Vl.1996, 06.-IO.VII.1997, 15.-16. VI.l999; Bajmak 17.VI.l998; Berlin 30.VI.-02.VII.1997; Chalk Hills and small, roundish, weakly sclerotized process. 04.-07.Vl.1998, 22.-23. VI.l999; Kidriasovo 28.-30.Vl998, Apophyses posteriores long and slender. Apophy- 16.VI. 1999; Kizilskoye 27.-28.Vl998; Kuvandyk 13.-16.VI. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 13

ses anteriores 3/4x length of apophyses posteri­ num VIII pentagonal, flat with rounded comers. ores. Tergum VIII rectangular, 2.5x as wide as high, Bionomy. The specimen was collected in the posterior margin convex. beginning of June. The habitat was a wide Artem­ Female genitalia. Unknown. isia austriaca steppe. Bionomy. The holotype was caught in the be­ Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only known ginning of June while flying over the low vegeta­ from the type locality. tion in sunshine at 6 p.m. The habitat was a steep, Etymology. Lat. cretaceus = pertaining to extremely hot and dry steppe slope with Artemi­ chalk. From the habitat; the taxon was found on sia austriaca as a dominant plant. Chalk Hills (see above: the etymology of albi­ Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only known saxella). from the type locality. Remark. S. cretacella may belongs to the ca­ Etymology. I dedicate this species to my wife nescens species-group, but this can not be con­ Elena. firmed until the male is found. Remarks. The combination of characters does not coincide with any known species-group. Ex­ Scythris disparella (Tengstrom, 1848) ternally S. elenae is close to the laminella group, but uncus-gnathos complex in the male genitalia Berlin 02.VII.l997. 5 exx. is well developed and aedeagus very long. Setose Distribution. Europe, Russia. valvae and long, slightly bent aedeagus fit in with the knochella group. Uncus is shaped like an ill­ Scythris elenae K. Nupponen sp. n. developed horseshoe as in the schleichiella group, with remains of lateral processes typical for the Type material. Holotype: d' (Fig. 22): Russia, southern Urals, cicadella group. However, a long gnathos, ster­ 51 o23'N 56°49'E, 300m, Orenburg oblast, Donskoje vil­ num VIII without medioposterior incision, small lage 6 km W, Mount Verbljushka, 02.VI.1998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 3/ size and external appearance of the taxon are 14.XI.1998. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen. strange for these groups. S. elenae may form its Diagnosis. Habitually most resembling S. bra­ own group close to the knochella and cicadella schiella (Hofmann, 1898) and S. bubaniae Wals­ groups but this cannot be confirmed until the fe­ ingham, 1907 but differing from those by broad­ male is found. er wings and more robust appearance. The geni­ talia separateS. elenae sp. n. from other known Scythris emichi (Anker, 1870) taxa (see Remarks). Description. Wingspan 8.5 mm. Head, anten­ Berlin 02.VII.1997; Chalk Hills 18.VII.l998, 23.VI.1999. A na, haustellum, labial palp, collar, tegula, neck tuft total of 8 exx. and thorax dark brown. Abdomen and legs dark Distribution. Hungary, Latvia. fuscous. Forewing dark brown; ochreous brown Remarks. These records extend the known dis­ spot in fold at 113, and another spot of same col­ tribution over 2000 km to the east. Probably wide­ our at cell end reaching tomus. Both spots are ly distributed in central parts of the Palaearctic surrounded with blackish brown speckles in fold. region. New to Russia. Hindwing fuscous, faintly glossy. Male genitalia (Fig. 23, Fig. 24). Uncus round­ Scythris ericetella (Heinemann, 1872) ish, extended, distally deeply incised; in distal part oflateral margins sclerotized bulge. Gnathos base Moskovo 22.-23.VI.1996, 10.VII.l997, !!.VII. 1998. 14 exx. subrectangular, furrowed plate; distal part long, Distribution. C and W Europe. bent, tapered and pointed. Aedeagus long and slen­ Remarks. Most specimens were caught by ar­ der, bent, tapered at middle. Valva of constant tificiallight. New to Russia. width, apical half slightly bent inwards and se­ tose, tip ending pointed at ventral margin. Ster- 14 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

Scythris eversmanni K. Nupponen & T. Nuppo­ square angle at each side. Tergum VIII subrec­ nensp.n. tangular with following extensions: terminal proc­ ess thick, tapered, distally bilobed and enlarged, Type material. Holotype:

Scythris jlavilaterella (Fuchs, 1886) insk oblast, 53°02'N 62°06'E, 200 m, Ajat river near Nikolaevka village, 04.VII.l997, leg. J.-P. Kaitila. 1

Female genitalia (Fig. 32). Sterigma triangu­ fused with many other dark, small scythridids by lar, oblique, surrounded by bent sclerites that are its external appearance. The moderately long an­ anteriorly widened, membranously recurved and tennae and narrow wing shape with a pale streak connected with sterigma. Sternum VII wide rec­ in the fold of the forewing may help to identify tangular plate, medioposteriorly incurved. the moth. Safe determination can only be achieved Distribution. Known from the south of the Ural by examining the genitalia. The shape of valvae Mountains (Cheliabinsk oblast) and from the and sclerotized gnathos in the strongly asymmet­ Magadan district in the eastern Russia. rical male genitalia are characteristic, as well as a Bionomy. Unknown. Imago appears in July in sclerotized horn-shaped sterigma in the female forest steppe and in open steppe habitat. genitalia. Etymology. I dedicate this species to the col­ Description. Wingspan 8-8.5 mm. Head, an­ lector of most of the type specimens, Kari Nup­ tenna, haustellum, collar, tegula and thorax dark ponen. brown; around eye, in haustellum and ventral side Remarks. S. karinupponeni sp. n. is closely of abdomen whitish scales. Antenna 0.9x length related to S. mikkolai and is provisionally placed of forewing. Neck tuft pale brown. Labial palp in the heterogeneous pascuella species-group. dark brown, segment I and upper surface of seg­ One male specimen is not included in the type ment II whitish. Legs dark brown, with numerous material, because is has not been examined by the paler scales, especially on ventral side of hind leg author. tibia. Forewing narrow, dark bronzy brown; around fold more or less indistinct dirty brown­ Scythris kasyi Hannemann, 1962 ish yellow streak from base to midwing. Hind­ wing dark fuscous. Bajmak 16.-17.VI.1998. l d' . Male genitalia (Fig. 34, Fig. 35). Asymmetri­ Distribution. Austria, Slovakia. cal. Uncus scoop-shaped. Gnathos situated left, Remarks. The basal fusion of the plates in ster­ stout, curved, terminally strongly sclerotized and num VIII is somewhat wider than in Central Eu­ rounded with lateral extension. Left valva media­ ropean specimens. However, the other parts of the ventrally somewhat widened, margin sclerotized; male genitalia are identical. This record extends distally tapering, tip pointed, near tip 6-7 strong the known distribution over 2000 km to the east. setae; at base moderately large distinct flap; med­ New to Russia. iodorsally strongly sclerotized rounded, incised formation; between base and sclerotization flat Scythris limbella (Fabricius, 1775) flap. Right valva basally widened, distally equal­ ly thick from middle, curved, at tip cut off and Sakmara river 20.-2l.VI.1996; Kuvandyk 13.-16.VI.l998, setose; at base distinct flap at middle and weakly 19.-20.Vll.l998; Verbljushka 31. V. 1998. sclerotized ridge from flap to tip of valva. Aedea­ Distribution. Europe to the Altai, C Asia and gus moderately long, tapered, subbasally curved. N America. Sternum VIII membranous, subrectangular. Ter­ Remarks. Common in agricultural biotopes. gum VIII subtriangular, posteriorly slightly asym­ metrical. Scythris luxatiella K. Nupponen & Kaitila sp. Female genitalia (Fig. 36). Sterigma asymmet­ n. rical, situated at right, strongly sclerotized, curved and tapered, thick horn-shaped formation. Seg­ Type material. Holotype: d' (Fig. 33): Russia, southern Urals, ment vm furrowed, anterior margin ventrally with 54°00'N 6l 0 l5'E, 250m, Cheliabinsk oblast, Troizkii Re­ serve near Berlin village, 30.VI.-02.VII.1997, leg. J.-P. Kai­ rounded, W-shaped indentation, left indentation tila. Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 1114.Xl.l998. In being deeper than right one. Sternum VII mid­ coli. J.-P. Kaitila. Paratypes (2 'i' 'i' ): Same data as holotype. posteriorly with large, subquadrangular, sclero­ Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 1/02.Xll.l998. One tized, slightly asymmetrical plate; plate widened genitalia preparation preserved in glycerol. In coil. T. & K. Nupponen and J. Junnilainen. with pointed anterior corners and rounded poste­ Diagnosis. S. luxatiella sp. n. is easily con- rior margin. Apophyses posteriores long and slen- ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen eta!.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 17 der. Apophyses anteriores short, straight. Scythris olschwangi K. Nupponen & T. Nuppo­ Bionomy. The specimens were swept at mid­ nen sp. n. day in sunshine. The biotope was a lowland steppe at an elevation of 250 m and the species seemed Type material. Holotype: d' (Fig. 37): Russia, southern Urals, to prefer a dry spot with extremely low vegeta­ 50°45'N 54°28'E, 170 m, Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka vil­ lage 20 km S, Schibendy valley, 04.VI.1998, leg. T. & K. tion, long grasses being absent. The adults oc­ Nupponen. In col\. T. & K. Nupponen. Paratypes (7 d' d', curred in the beginning of July. 4 ~ ~ ): 6d' d', 3 ~ ~ Same data as holotype; 1 d', I~ Same Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only known data as holotype except date 07.VI.l998. Genitalia slides: K. from the type locality. Nupponen prep. no. 2/14.XI.l998, 2/03.1.1998. Paratypes in the collections ofT. & K. Nupponen and Bengt A. Bengts- Etymology. Lat. luxatio =luxation; from the son. silhouette of the asymmetrical, left weighted male Diagnosis. S. olschwangi sp. n. is easy to sep­ genitalia giving an impression of a man with lux­ arate from other known species by the external ated shoulder. appearance. Forewing markings are quite similar Remarks. Systematically S. luxatiella should to those of S. kyzylensis Bengtsson, 1997, but be placed in the pulicella species-group, based ground colour is different and the moth is more on the prescence of the setose valvae in the asym­ mottled. The genitalia structure also resembles that metrical male genitalia, a synapomorphy for the of kyzylensis, but differs in many details. In the species in this group (Bengtsson 1997). The fe­ male genitalia good distinguishing marks are ven­ male genitalia, however, indicate close relation­ tral extensions of valvae, hooked tip of aedeagus ship to S. penicillata Chretien, 1900. and asymmetrical sternum VIII. In the female genitalia the shape of sterigma is characteristic. Scythris mikkolai Sinev, 1993 Description. Wingspan 7.5-8.5 mm. Head, antenna, collar, tegula and thorax pale greyish Ajat river 03.-05.VII.1997, 25.VII.1998; Arkaim 14.- olive brown, posterior margin of thorax and neck 19.VI.1996, 07.-IO.VII.l997; Berlin 30.VI.-02.VII.1997; Kuvandyk 20.VII.l998; Miass 28.-29.VI.l997, 16.VII.1997; tuft slightly paler. Haustellum whitish grey, as well Moskovo 10.-11.VII. 1997, 12.VII.1998; Verbljushka as segment I and segment II of labial palp; seg­ 16.VII.1998. ment III of labial palp fuscous. Abdomen in male Distribution. Russia (Primoriye, S , dorsally fuscous, terminally and ventrally paler; Samara region). Widely distributed, locally abun­ in female anterior half of dorsal side black, pos­ dant. terior half ochreous brown; ventrally beige, oc­ Remarks. Males are sometimes flying in casionally fuscous anteriorly. Forewing pale grey­ swarms in the morning just after sunrise. Before ish olive brown with two whitish (in female) or these records S. mikkolai was known in Europe yellowish grey (in male) fasciae at 0.4 and 0.8 only from Samara region (Sachkov 1995). How­ from base, the former sometimes reduced to spot ever, the species is not mentioned in the list of in fold; subapically similarly coloured oblique European scythridids (Passerin d'Entreves 1996; fascia, in male usually subapical spot; in fold in­ Bengtsson 1997). distinct whitish basal spot, distinct black spot at 114 and narrow elongate black spot at midwing; Scythris obscurella (Scopoli, 1763) on apical side of outer fascia three black spots: broad costal and tarnal spots and smaller spot Bajmak 17.VI.l998; Iremel24.-27.VI.l996, 25.-28.VI.l999; medially, occasionally spots widened forming fas­ Miass 26.-29.VI.l997, 29.VI.l999; Moskovo 22.-23.VI.l996; cia; ground colour of forewing darkening towards Sakmara river 20.-21.VI.1996. Common. apex from base to inner fascia, as well as from Distribution. C and S Europe, C Siberia inner fascia to outer fascia. Hindwing in male fus­ (Baikal region). cous, in female fuscous with pale-tipped darker Remarks. Occurs mainly at higher elevations fringe. and is rare in foothill regions. Male genitalia (Fig. 38, Fig. 39). Uncus bi­ furcate, tips incurved and pointed. Base of gnath­ os circular, terminal part thorn-like, tip slightly 18 Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 curved. Valva short, subtriangular, tip rounded, 13d'd' , 13'? !i1 02.VI.l998; 9d'd', 13\? !i1 17.Vl.l999; dorsal margin slightly concave at basal 2/3, ter­ 10d'd', 9!i1 !i1 18.VI.l999; 7d'd', 5!i1 !i1 19.VI.1999. Same locality as ho1otype: 47 d' d', 2l!i1 !i1 30.V.-02.VI.l998; minal 1/3 convex; ventral margin with triangular 7 d' d', 7 !i1 !i1 I0.-12.Vl.l998, leg. J. Junnilainen. Russia, projection. Valvae slightly asymmetrical: right southern Urals, 50°40'N 54°26'E, 220 m, Orenburg ob­ valva narrower and concavity in dorsal margin last, Pokrovka village 20 km S, Schibendy valley, 2d' d', deeper; projection at ventral margin of right val­ 2!i1 'I 04.VI.l998, 7d'd', 1 'I 07.Vl.l998, 1 !i1 2l.VI.l999, 9d'd', 8'1 '>' 22.VI.l999, 6d'd', 2'1 'I 23.VI.l999, leg. T. va thinner and located at 0.4 from base, while that & K. Nupponen. Genitalia slides: K. Nupponen prep. no. of left valva located at 0.5 from base. Aedeagus 1!15.XI.l998, 4/03.1.1999; 2 further genitalia long and slender, curved, tip hooked. Sternum VIII preparations preserved in glycerol. Paratypes in the col­ asymmetrical, subtriangular with deep anterior lections ofT. & K. Nupponen, J. Junnilainen, Bengt A. Bengtsson and Zoological Museum, University of Hel­ indentation, posteriorly with subquadrangular, sinki. rounded, oblique extension having strong tooth Diagnosis. Rather easy to separate from other at base. Tergum VIII subquadrangular, posterior scythridids of equal size by the transparent hind­ and ventral margins concave, anterior margin wings. In the male genitalia the shape of valva slightly asymmetrical with deep V-shaped inden­ with strongly curved basal half is very character­ tation. istic. Female genitalia (Fig. 40). Sterigma consists Description. Wingspan 11.5-15 mm. Head, of two separate, parallel, triangular plates. Ster­ antenna, haustellum, collar, tegula, neck tuft and num VII pentangular; medioposterior extension thorax bronzy greenish, labial palp similarly col­ with curved band and straight posterior margin; oured except segment I and upper surface paler, anterior margin concave with flat, rounded medi­ as well as legs, but hindleg tibia paler. Abdomen al extension. Apophyses anteriores 0.5x length of dorsally blackish brown with metallic lustre, ven­ apophyses posteriores. trally pale yellowish brown, basally darker. Forew­ Bionomy. Specimens were collected in the ing bronzy greenish, unicolorous without mark­ beginning of June in dry steppe habitat having ings; in some specimens broad, indistinct yellow­ Artemisia austriaca as a dominant plant. Howev­ ish green streak in fold from base to cell end and/ er, the soil is extremely calcareous in the locality or scattered scales of same colour in apical area. and many other food plant candidates also occur Hindwing transparent; scales present only at api­ in the type locality. cal margin and very sparsely elsewhere; fringe Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). Only recorded brown, basally paler. from the type locality. Male genitalia (Fig. 42, Fig. 43). Uncus spat­ Etymology. We dedicate this species to Dr. ular, setose, margins bent and sclerotized, termi­ Vladimir Olschwang (Ekaterinburg, Russia), who nally with two flat processes and shallow inden­ has organized our Ural expeditions. tation. Gnathos base subtriangular, furrowed plate; Remarks. S. olschwangi is a close relative to distal part thorn-like, basally wide, apical part thin S. kyzylensis Bengtsson, a species recently de­ and bent. Aedeagus long, basally hooked, then scribed from Tuva Rep., southern Siberia. To date slightly bent, tip curved. Valva basally narrow, these two species are the only ones known be­ curved 90° inwards; distally setose, paddle­ longing to this species-group. In the original de­ shaped, dorsal margin straight and near apex scription of kyzylensis (Bengtsson 1997 a: Fig.14b) curved inwards, ventral margin basally convex and the VIII sternal and tergal plates are mixed up. then straight, tip rounded. Sternum VIII subtrian­ gular, terminally rounded with V-shaped median Scythris perlucidella K. Nupponen & T. Nup­ indentation; lateral margin slightly sinuate; ante­ ponen sp. n. rior margin with broad medial incurvation; ante­ rior comers extended outwards, foot-shaped. Ter­ Type material. Holotype: d' (Fig. 41): Russia, southern Urals, gum VIII subtrapezoidal, laterally slightly con­ 51 °23'N 56°49'E, 200 rn, Orenburg oblast, Donskoje vil­ lage 6 krn W, Mount Verbljushka, 30.V.l998, leg. T. & K. cave, terminally rounded; anterior margin deeply Nupponen. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen. Paratypes (143d'd', incised. 92 !i1 !i1 ): Same data as holotype, except for dates: 18 d' d', 6 'I !i1 Female genitalia (Fig. 44). Sterigma weakly 30.V.l998; 6d'd', 2!i1 !i1 3l.V.l998; 2d'd' , 2 !i1 !i1 Ol.VI.l998; sclerotized, membranous, folded. Sternum VII ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 19

subrectangular with posteromedian incision. Ap­ leg. K. Nupponen; I d' same locality but 04.VII.1997, leg. J.­ ophyses anteriores 2/3x length of apophyses pos­ P. Kaitila. I d' Same data as holotype. Russia, southern Urals, 50°45'N 54°28'E, 170 m, Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka vil­ teriores. lage 20 km S, Schibendy valley, 6d' d' 22.VI.1999, I d' Bionomy. The specimens were collected in the 23.VI.l999, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. Genitalia slides: K. Nup­ end of May and the first half of June. The habitat ponen prep. no. 2/25.1V.1998, 10/25.1V.1998, 2/02.XII.l998 in both localities was a calcareous steppe slope. (I'); 2 further genitalia preparations preserved in glycerol. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen, J.-P. Kaitila, J. Junnilainen, Bengt Adults were flying in the afternoon sunshine. A. Bengtsson Hnd Zoological Museum, University of Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). The species is Helsinki. only known from Orenburg oblast in the south­ Diagnosis. Habitually resembling S. acipens­ em Ural region, in two different localities. erella sp. n. (see above) but differing from that by Etymology. Lat. perlucidus = transparent. less contrastic greyish brown forewing with more From the transparent hind wings of the moth. distinct dark spot at cell end. The male genitalia Remark. The taxon belongs to the pascuella with four conspicuous oar-shaped formations are species-group. rather complex, impossible to be confused with those of any other known species. Scythris productella (Zeller, 1839) Description. Wingspan 6.5-8.5 mm. Head, an­ tenna, collar, tegula and thorax greyish brown. Chalk Hills 07.VI.l998; Kuvandyk 13.-16.VI. 1998; Novoi­ Labial palp, haustellum and neck tuft dirty beige, letzk 09.VI.1998; Verbljushka Ol.-02.VI.1998, 10.- eye surrounded with same colour; labial palp 12.VI.1998, 17.-19.VI.l999. short, less than 1.5x diameter of eye. Legs brown, Distribution. Europe east to Sarepta (Russia). mixed with beige scales, hind legs paler. Abdo­ Locally common. men dorsally dark fuscous; ventral side basally Remarks. The best habitats for this species dark fuscous, terminal half greyish beige, paler were half-shadowed bushy areas close to wet in female. Forewing greyish brown, darker at base meadows. These records are the easternmost ones of costa and around apex; in fold pale beige streak, known. slightly broadening towards tornus, narrowed by dark brown spot at mid wing; another, larger dark Scythris pudorinella (Moschler, 1866) brown spot at cell end; tornal spot moderately dis­ tinct, pale beige; near apex more or less indistinct Chalk Hills 04.-07.VI.l998; Kidriasovo 28.-29.V.1998, Ku­ vandyk 16.VI.l998; Kuvandyk 2 16.VI.1998. A total of 18 paler area. Hindwing dark fuscous. exx. Male genitalia (Fig. 46, Fig. 47). Uncus sub­ Distribution. Greece, Romania, Russia quadrangular with deep, V-shaped medioposteri­ (Sarepta), Turkey, S Siberia (Altai). or incision; tips triangular, concave and terminal­ Remarks. A rare species. The majority of the ly pointed. Gnathos thick, terminally sclerotized specimens (9 d' d', 21' I') were caught during a very with three pointed extensions; ventrally two slight­ favourable moment before a thunderstorm. The ly curved broad projections; from base backward habitat was a rocky slope with sparse vegetation. two long, narrow formations with elliptical ter­ minal process. Tegumen laterally extended, with Scythris remexella K. Nupponen & Kaitila sp. two huge oar-shaped processes. Aedeagus bottle­ n. shaped, slightly curved, medially broadest. Val­ vae short, concave, cup-shaped, medially fused. Type material. Holotype: d' (Fig. 45): Russia, southern Urals, Sternum VIII subrectangular, slightly arched, an­ 51 °30'N 57°30'E, 350 m, Orenburg oblast, Kuvandyk vil­ teriorly incurved, posteriorly with flat protrusion. lage 12 km SE, 15.VI.1998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. In coli. Tergum VIII subrectangular, more or less mem­ T. & K. Nupponen. Paratypes (45 d' d', II'): Russia, southern Urals, 52°40'N 59°30'E, 370m, Cheliabinsk oblast, Arkaim branous. Reserve near Amurskii village, 8d' d', II' 08.VII.1997, 14d' d' Female genitalia (Fig. 48). Sterigma subquad­ 09.VII.1997 leg. K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen; same local­ rangular, posteriorly with rounded medial protru­ ity: 6d' d' 08.VII.1997, 7 d' d' 09.VII.1997 leg. J.-P. Kaitila. sion, anteriorly with V-shaped dorsal incision; I d' Russia, southern Urals, 53°00'N 62°05'E, 200m, Cheli­ abinsk oblast, Ajat river near Nikolaevka village, 03.VII.l997, posterior half more strongly sclerotized; scleroti- 20 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 zation extended anteriorly to margin of segment Distribution. Northern half of the Palaearctic VIII. Sternum VII subtrapezoid, posteriorly with region, excluding arctic areas. median incurvation. Apophyses posteriores long Remark. The specimen came to artificial light. and slender. Apophyses anteriores 0.4x length of apophyses posteriores. Scythris subaerariella (Stainton, 1867) Bionomy. S. remexella sp. n. occurs in dry, hot lowland steppes at an elevation of200-400 m with Ajat river 03.-05.VII.1997; Arkaim 07.-IO.VII. 1997, Artemisia austriaca as a dominant plant. The moth 22.VII.1998; Berlin 30.VI.-02.VII.l997; Kuvandyk was active in sunny afternoons. It did not fly will­ 20.VII.1998; Moskovo 10.-ll.VII. 1997, ll.-12.VII.l998. ingly but jumped among the vegetation. There­ Distribution. Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey. Not abundant. fore, sweeping was the only effective method to collect the species. Specimens have been observed Remarks. These records are the easternmost ones known. New to Russia. from mid-June to the first third of July. After three years of experience, we concluded that S. remex­ ella seems to have a relatively short flight period. Scythris sublaminella K. Nupponen & T. Nup­ Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). The species is ponensp. n. known only from Cheliabinsk and Orenburg ob­ Type material. Holotype: d' (Fig. 49): Russia, southern Urals, lasts in the southern Ural region, in four different 51°13 'N 57°37'E, 350 m, Orenburg oblast, Mednogorsk 20 localities (see also Remarks). km S, near Kidriasovo village, 29.V.1998, leg. T. & K. Nup­ Etymology. Lat. remex =oarsman; from the ponen. In coli. T. & K. Nupponen. Paratypes (23 d' d', 5 ~ ~ ): four large oar-shaped formations in the male gen­ I d' Same data as holotype. !Od' d', 1 ~ Russia, southern Urals, 50°59'N 57°17-22'E, 100m, Orenburg oblast, Novoiletzk 8 italia. km E, 09.VI.1998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. 2d' d' Same local­ Remarks. S. remexella is a local species, but ity as previous paratypes but 08.VI.1999, leg. J. Junnilainen. very probably distributed not only in the south­ Russia, southern Urals, 5! 0 23'N 56°49'E, 140m, Orenburg em Urals but also eastward along the Russian and oblast, Donskoje village 6 km W, mount Verbljushka, I d', 3 ~ ~ ll.VI.1998, 7 d', I~ 17.VI.1999, I d' 18.VI.1999, leg. T. Kazakh steppe zones. The combination of char­ & K. Nupponen. 1 d' Russia, southern Urals, 50°40'N acters in the male and female genitalia does not 54°26'E, 190m, Orenburg oblast, Pokrovka village 20 km coincide with any known species-group. Because S, Schibendy valley, 05.VI.1998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. of complexity, the male genitalia are difficult to Genitalia slides: K. Nupponen prep. no. 5!14.XI.1998, 6/ 14.XI.1998, 3/03.I.1999; 2 further genitalia preparations pre­ set in a visual position during preparation proc­ served in glycerol. Paratypes in the collections of T. & K. ess. We recommend to preserve the preparations Nupponen, J. Junnilainen and Bengt A. Bengtsson. in glycerol to allow three-dimensional examina­ Diagnosis. Externally S. sublaminella sp. n. tion. may be confused with many other small, dark scythridids. The genitalia structure resembles that Scythris setiella (Zeller, 1871) of S. laminella (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775). The main characters distinguishing the new tax­ Arkaim 08.-09.VII.1997; Burannoe 20.-2l.VI. 1999; Chalk on are in the male genitalia: more curved valva Hills 04.-07.VI.1998, 18.VII.1998, 21.-23.VI.1999; Kidrias­ with a characteristic semicircular lateral extension ovo 16.VI.1999; Kuvandyk 14.VI.1998; Kuvandyk 2 16.VI.1998; Verbljushka Ol.-02.VI.1998, 10-.12.VI.1998, at base, more bent aedeagus and in sternum VIII 17.-19.VI.1999. About 120 exx. collected. two digitate processes being absent in laminella. Distribution. Russia (Sarepta region). In the female genitalia the conical sterigma is more Remarks. Occurs in steppe habitats, often in slender and sclerotized. lower part of hot slopes. All specimens were Description. Wingspan 8-9.5 mm. Head, an­ caught by sweeping on Linosyris villosa (L.), ev­ tenna, tegula, thorax and legs dark brown. Collar, idently the food plant of setiella. neck tuft and haustellum slightly paler brown. Labial palp dark brown, more or less mixed with Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) paler brown scales, especially at base. Abdomen dorsally fuscous, ventrally pale brown, basal l/4 Kuvandyk 14.-16.VI.1998. 1 ex. darker. Forewing dark brown with weak purplish ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 21

lustre, mixed with paler brown scales; pale scales Genitalia slide: K. Nupponen prep. no. 5/03.l.l998. In are more numerous in apical half and form more coil. T. & K. Nupponen. External appearance. Wingspan 11.5 mm. or less indistinct streak in fold from base to mid­ Head, antenna, collar, tegula and thorax olive wing. Hindwing fuscous, moderately narrow. brown. Neck tuft, haustellum and labial palp Male genitalia (Fig. 50, Fig. 51). Tegumen creamy brown, legs pale brown. Abdomen dor­ hood-shaped, posteriorly extended and wrinkled. sally blackish, basally lead-grey spot and narrow Uncus and gnathos reduced, latter being replaced band, two terminal segments yellowish cream­ by socii. Aedeagus curved, tapered. Valva narrow, coloured; ventrally pale greyish yellow, basally longish, curved; ventrally large, semicircular proc­ and laterally with lead-grey scales. Forewing pur­ ess near base; apex pointed; shallow fold at mid­ plish bronzy brown, olive-tinged; in fold several dle of valva. Basal part of sternum VIII subrec­ blackish brown scales forming indistinct streak; tangular, anterior margin concave; posterior part small cream-coloured spot basally at fold, simi­ semicircular, slightly asymmetrical, with two pos­ larly coloured big spot in fold at 0.4 and another terolateral digitate processes [another one broken one at cell end reaching tomus; subapically mod­ in Fig. 51]. Tergum VIII slightly asymmetrical, erately distinct small black spot. Hindwing mod­ sub triangular, anterior margin incised, mediopos­ erately broad, brown, fringe basally paler. terior process thick, tapered and pointed. Female genitalia (Fig. 54). Sterigma slightly Female genitalia (Fig. 52). Sterigma stump­ asymmetrical, dome-shaped plate; posterior part like cone with U-shaped posterior incision and thick, laterally shallowly concave, terminal mar­ wide, triangular, weakly sclerotized anterior ex­ gin straight, anterior margin uneven; shanks thick tension. Anterior margin of sternum VIII incised. with incised apex, right one being longer. Ductus Sternum VII subquadrangular; posterior margin bursae sclerotized, posterior part broader. Sternum convex, medially straight but uneven. Apophyses VII subrectangular with shallow posteromedian anteriores 0.5x length of apophyses posteriores. incurvation. Apophyses anteriores 0.6x length of Bionomy. The specimens were observed in the apophyses posteriores. end of May and the first half of June in lowland Remarks. The combination of characters in the Artemisia steppes, preferably close to wet mead­ female genitalia and external appearance does not ows. coincide with any known species. The forewings Distribution. Russia (S-Ural). The species is of the specimen are slightly worn and therefore only known from Orenburg oblast in the south­ the markings are not sharply visible. Although this em Ural region, from four different localities. taxon is most likely unknown, we refrain from Etymology. Lat. sub = near. The name sub­ describing a new species for the present until more laminella refers to the close affinity in genital material is available for study. morphology to S. laminella (Denis & Schiffer­ miiller, 1775). Parascythris muelleri (Mann, 1871) Remark. The new taxon belongs to the lam­ inella species-group. Berlin 02.VII.1997; Mi ass 13.VI.l996, 26.VI. 1996; Mosk­ ovo 19.VI.l998; Verbljushka ll.VI. 1998, 17.VI.l999. Scythris tributella (Zeller, 1847) Distribution. C and E Europe. Widely distrib­ uted but not common. Chalk Hills 07.VI.l998, 22.-23.VI.l999; Verbljushka 10.- 12.VI.l998. A total of S exx. medinella (Staudinger, 1859) Distribution. C and S Europe, Libya.

Burannoe 20.VI.l999. l d'. Scythris sp. Distribution. Mediterranean region, Transcau­ casia, Iran, . Material. 1 ~ (Fig. 53): Russia, southern Urals, S0°40'N 54°26'E, 230m, Orenburg district, Pokrovka village 20 km Remark. New to Russia. S, Schibendy valley, 07.VI.l998, leg. T. & K. Nupponen. 22 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

4. Discussion inburg, Russia), Mr. Yuri Mikhailov (Novouralsk, Russia), Mrs. Elena Nupponen (Espoo, Finland). Our thanks are also due to Mr. Kimmo Silvonen (Espoo, Finland) and Mr. Bo The scythridid fauna in the southern Ural region Wikstrom (Numrnela, Finland) for their help in processing is an interesting mixture between European and most of the photographs. Finally, we are grateful to the Lep­ Asian elements which can be expected as the Ural idopterological Society of Finland for a partial grant to two expeditions. Mountains may be regarded as a divider between the western and eastern Palaearctic fauna. The European fauna seems to dominate in the south­ References em Urals. Of 37 recorded species 14 are distribut­ ed only in Europe (including Turkey), 6 species Baran, T. 1996: Studies on the Scythrididae (Lepidoptera) of have a West-Palaearctic distribution range, 1 Poland. II. Records of rare species. - Polskie Pismo species is trans-Palaearctic, 1 species is widely Entomologiczne 65: 259-265. distributed in the south and only 2 species are Bengtsson, B. A. 1997: Scythrididae. - In: Huemer, P., Karsholt, 0. & Lyneborg, L. (eds.): of clearly Asiatic. Europe 2: 1-301. However, no less than 13 of the recorded spe­ Bengtsson, B. A. 1997a: Notes on interesting scythridids in cies are known only from the southern Urals. In the Zoological Museum, Helsinki, Finland (Lepidoptera, reality, many of them belong to the eastern fauna Scythrididae). - Entomologica Fennica 8: 89-102. Bengtsson, B. A. 1997b: Scythridids found by H. Hacker in but a few species might be endemic to the Ural Pakistan 1988 and India 1992. - Esperiana 4: 467--481. region. Iranian!Anatolian species are absent in the Bengtsson, B. A. & Liska, J. 1996: Notes on Asian scythrid­ southern Urals as we did not record any scythrid­ ids with description of four new species (Lepidoptera, ids having this kind of southern distribution range. Scythrididae). - Phegea 24: 33-39. Bengtsson, B. A. & Sutter, R. 1996: Scythris felixi sp. n. As a conclusion, the scythridid fauna is very (Insecta, Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) aus der Mongolei. rich in the region studied. The results clearly show - Reichenbachia Mus. Tierk. Dresden 31, Nr. 37: 207- that central and eastern Palaearctic scythridids are 208. still poorly known and many species may have Eversmann, E. 1844: Fauna Lepidopterologica Volga - Uralensis. - Casani Typis Universitatis. XIV + 633 pp. much wider distribution range or may show a dif­ Passerin d'Entreves, P. 1996: Scythrididae. -In: Ole Karsholt ferent distribution pattern than we know to date. & Josef Razowski (eds.): The Lepidoptera of Europe: 74-78. Acknowledgements. We thank the following persons for Sachkov, S. 1995: New for Europe species of Microlepidop­ guide services, assistance, company or other kind of help tera (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae, ) from Sa­ during our expeditions: Mr. Matti Ahola (Reisjlirvi, Finland), mara region. - Actias 2(1-2), December 1995 (1996): Mr. Vladimir Basov (Ijevsk, Russia), Mr. Pavel Gorbunov 77-78. (Ekaterinburg, Russia), Mr. S. V. Komev (Orenburg, Russia), Sinev, S. Y. 1993: New and little-known species of the Mr. L. V. Korshikov (Orenburg, Russia), Dr. Alexander La­ Scythris (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) from Altai. -Vest­ gunov (Miass, Russia), Mr. Alexander Malozemov (Ekater- nik zoologii 2: 53-57. (In Russian) ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 23

Fig. 4. Imago (holotype) of Scythris acipenserella K. & T. Fig. 8. Imago (holotype) of Scythris aegrel/a K. Nuppo­ Nupponen sp. n. nen & Junnilainen sp. n.

Fig. 12. Imago (holotype) of Scythris albisaxella K. & T. Fig. 16.1mago (holotype) of Scythris arkaimensis Bengts­ Nupponen sp. n. son sp. n.

I" I Fig. 18. Imago (holotype) of Scythris brunneofasciella Fig. 20. Imago (holotype) of Scythris cretacel/a K. & T. K. Nupponen & Junnilainen sp. n. Nupponen sp. n. 24 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

Fig. 22. Imago (holotype) of Scythris elenae K. Nuppo­ Fig. 25. Imago (holotype) of Scythris eversmanni K. & T. nen sp. n. Nupponen sp. n.

Fig. 29. Imago (holotype) of Scythris karinupponeni Fig. 33. Imago (holotype) of Scythris Juxatiella K. Nup­ Bengtsson sp. n. ponen & Kaitila sp. n.

Fig. 37. Imago (holotype) of Scythris o/schwangi K. &. T. Fig. 41 . Imago (holotype) of Scythris perlucidella K. & T. Nupponen sp. n. Nupponen sp. n. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythrididfauna of the southern 25

Fig. 45. Imago (holotype) of Scythris remexella K. Nup­ Fig. 49. Imago (holotype) of Scythris sublaminella K. & ponen & Kaitila sp. n. T. Nupponen sp. n.

Fig. 53. Imago of Scythris sp. (female). Fig. 6. Tergum VIII (up) and sternum VIII (down) of Scyth­ ris acipenserella.

Fig. 10. Sternum VIII (left) and tergum VIII (right) of Scythris aegrella. 26 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

!

Fig. 14. Sternum VIII (left) and tergum VIII (right) of Scythris albisaxella .

..•

Fig. 24. Sternum VIII (left) and tergum VIII (right) of Scythris e/enae.

Fig. 27. Sternum VIII (down) and tergum VIII (up) of Scythris eversmanni. ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et a/.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 27

Fig. 31. Sternum VIII (left) and tergum VIII (right) of Scythris karinupponeni.

TB

Fig. 35. Tergum VIII (up) and sternum VIII (down) of Fig. 43. Sternum VIII (left) and tergum VIII (right) of Scyth­ Scythris /uxatiella. ris perlucidella.

• J ( )

Fig. 39. Tergum VIII (left) and sternum VIII (right) of Scythris o/schwangi. 28 Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

T8

88

Fig. 47. Tergum VIII (up) and sternum VIII (down) of Fig. 51. Sternum VIII (left) and tergum VIII (right) of Scyth­ Scythris remexef/a. ris sub/aminefla.

Fig. 9. Male genitalia of Scythris aegrefla (holotype).

Fig. 5. Male genitalia of Scythris acipenserefla (para­ type). Fig. 13. Male genitalia of Scythris albisaxefla (paratype). ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 29

Fig. 17. Male genitalia of Scythris arkaimensis (holotype).

Fig. 23. Male genitalia of Scythris elenae (holotype).

Fig. 26. Male genitalia of Scythris eversmanni (paratype). 30 Nupponen et al. : The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

Fig. 30. Male genitalia of Scythris karinupponeni (halo­ type).

Fig. 38. Male genitalia of Scythris o/schwangi (paratype).

Fig. 34. Male genitalia of Scythris /uxatiella (holotype).

Fig. 42. Male genitalia of Scythris perlucidella (paratype). Fig. 46. Male genitalia of Scythris remexella (paratype). ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 31

Fig. 50. Male genitalia of Scythris sublaminella (paratype).

Fig. 11 . Female genitalia of Scythris aegrella (paratype). Fig. 15. Female genitalia of Scythris albisaxella. 32 Nupponen eta!.: The scythrididfauna ofthe southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

Fig . 19. Female genitalia of Scythris brunneofasciella Fig. 21. Female genitalia of Scythris cretacella (halo­ (holotype). type).

Fig. 28. Female genitalia of Scythris eversmanni (para­ Fig. 32. Female genitalia of Scythris karinupponeni (para­ type). type). ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11 • Nupponen et al.: The scythridid fauna of the southern 33

Fig. 36. Female genitalia of Scythris /uxatiella (paratype). Fig. 40. Female genitalia of Scythris olschwangi (para­ type).

Fig. 44. Female genitalia of Scythris perlucidella (para­ Fig. 48. Female genitalia of Scythris remexella (para­ type). type). 34 Nupponen eta!.: The scythridid fauna of the southern • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 11

•' \

Fig. 52. Female genitalia of Scythris sublaminella (para- Fig. 54. Female genitalia of Scythris sp. type).

Fig. 7. Female genitalia of Scythris acipenserella (paratype).