COMMON OF VEREENIGING, VANDERBIJL & SASOLBURG

VERY DANGEROUS MILDLY DANGEROUS VENOMOUS HARMLESS Has caused Painful bite, but does Not thought Not dangerous human fatalities not require antivenom to be harmful to humans

VERY VERY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Rinkhals Puff Adder Night Adder Bibron’s Stiletto (Hemachatus haemachatus) (Bitis arietans arietans) ( rhombeatus) (Atractaspis bibronii)

MILDLY MILDLY MILDLY MILDLY VENOMOUS VENOMOUS VENOMOUS VENOMOUS Short-snouted Grass Snake Cross-marked Grass Snake Spotted Skaapsteker Herald or Red-lipped Snake (Psammophis brevirostris) (Psammophis crucifer) (Psammophylax rhombeatus rhombeatus) (Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia)

HARMLESS HARMLESS HARMLESS HARMLESS

Rhombic Egg-eater Common Brown Water Snake Brown House Snake Aurora House Snake ( scabra) (Lycodonomorphus rufulus) Photo Tyrone Ping (Boaedon capensis) (Lamprophis aurora)

CAN INFLICT MILDLY A NASTY BITE VENOMOUS HARMLESS HARMLESS Mole Snake Black-headed Centipede-eater Bibron’s Blind Snake Cape Wolf Snake (Pseudaspis cana) (Aparallactus capensis) (Afrotyphlops bibronii) (Lycophidion capense capense) © Johan Marais African Snakebite Institute Snakebite African © Johan Marais

JOHAN MARAIS is the author of various books on including the best-seller A Complete Guide to Snakes of Southern . He is a popular public speaker and offers a variety of courses including Snake Awareness, Scorpion Awareness EMERGENCY PROTOCOL and Venomous Snake Handling. Johan is accredited by the International Society of Zoological Sciences (ISZS) and is a IN THE EVENT OF A SNAKE BITE Field Guides Association of Southern Africa (FGASA) and DO NOT ww Travel Doctor-approved service provider. His courses are 1 Keep the victim calm, immobilized and ... apply a tourniquet. also accredited by the Health Professions Council of transport the victim to the closest ... cut and suck the wound. South Africa (HPCSA). ... use ice or very hot water. hospital without delay. ... give the victim alcohol. ... apply electric shock. 2 If the victim stops breathing, resort to ... inject antivenom randomly. artificial respiration or make use of a Antivenom (if required) must Johan Marais | African Snakebite Institute Bag Valve Mask. be administered by a doctor +27 82 494 2039 | [email protected] 3 Call the Poison Information Centre help- in a hospital environment. www.AFRICANSNAKEBITEINSTITUTE.com line for further advice: 0861 555 777.