CAWSES News Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System

CAWSES News Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System

Volume 5, Number 1 Spring 2008

CAWSES is an international program sponsored by SCOSTEP I am pleased that Janet Kozyra has agreed to work with me (Scientifi c Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics) and has been on the development and implementation of CAWSES-II. We established with the aim of signifi cantly enhancing our understanding of the space environment and its impacts on life and society. are currently pulling together a proposal to submit to the Na- The main functions of CAWSES are to help coordinate internation- tional Science Foundation to secure funding for the Inter- al activities in observations, modeling and theory crucial to achiev- national Virtual Institute which will also include the project ing this understanding, to involve scientists in both developed and offi ce. developing countries, and to provide educational opportunities for students at all levels. As many of you know, Raju has taken a position in India at the Physical Research Laboratory. He will be stepping down Message from the Chair as the CAWSES Science Coordinator/Secretary but will con- Susan Avery ([email protected]) tinue to play an important role in CAWSES and CAWSES-II through his work in India and the international community. CAWSES continues to thrive as evidenced by the tremen- All of us owe a great thank you to Raju who has done a dous activity showcased in this newsletter. Highlights in- magnifi cent job in producing the newsletters, keeping us co- clude a highly successful CAWSES Symposium held last ordinated, interfacing with all of the themes and countries, October in Kyoto, Japan; the continued growth of the com- and helping to move us forward. He will be sorely missed as ics both in translations and new topics; and the many activi- the Science Coordinator. I know that all of us look forward ties promoted and organized by the themes. I also want to to working with him in his new position. draw your attention to the announcement at the end of this newsletter about the Sunanda and Santimay Basu Early Ca- Progress of CAWSES activities since September 2007 reer Award. D. Pallamraju ([email protected]) As a follow-up to the Japan meeting discussion about The past six months have been amongst the busiest of pe- CAWSES-II, a small group met at NCAR in January to fi nal- riods of the fi rst phase of the CAWSES program as there ize the topics and prepare a brochure. CAWSES-II: Towards has been signifi cant development on several fronts. In ad- Solar Maximum provides an opportunity for the community dition to progress in research in the individual Themes, the to study the entire rising phase of solar cycle 24 and for developments of CAWSES activities include execution of making comparisons with the previous and ongoing work CAWSES observational campaigns, International CAWSES in CAWSES during the declining phase of the solar cycle. Symposium, and CAWSES science sessions in international A systems approach will be used to make progress on ques- meetings, discussions on CAWSES phase II science agenda, tions that require interdisciplinary research and internation- and, capacity building activity in terms of translation of six al collaboration. In order to establish this systems approach, CAWSES comic books into at least 18 international languag- we are proposing to develop an International Virtual Insti- es! The CAWSES comics have really attracted the attention tute that will provide the sustainable enabling infrastructure. of many across the globe. Translation is currently going on Four scientifi c questions will form the basis for CAWSES- II: (1) What are the solar infl uences on Earth’s climate? (2) Inside this issue: How will geospace respond to an altered climate? (3) How Message from the Chair ...... 1 does short-term solar variability affect the geospace envi- Progress of CAWSES activities since September 2007 ...... 1 ronment? and (4) What is the geospace response to variable CAWSES Committee Members (March 2008) ...... 2 waves from the lower atmosphere? The fi nal draft brochure Awards/Honors of SCOSTEP/CAWSES Scientists: ...... 4 Proceedings of the SCOSTEP Bureau meeting in Perugia, Italy ...... 4 and next steps were discussed at the SCOSTEP Bureau Progress on the first phase of CAWSES Theme 3 “Atmospheric Meeting that was held in Vienna, Austria in April. We are Coupling Processes” ...... 5 trying to fi nd a venue and date for having a CAWSES-II Development in the CAWSES-India Program ...... 8 planning meeting and we will keep you posted. Report on CAWSES-Space Weather campaign during Mar-Apr 2006 8 Highlights of Theme 3 activities of CAWSES-India ...... 9

CAWSES News 1 Spring 2008 Theme 4 activities of CAWSES-India ...... 9 all for your cooperation, enthusiasm, and responsiveness Reports from the CAWSES community ...... 9 that you showed during the last fi ve years! I thank both the ISSI Workshops in 2005-2006 on Sun-Earth connection ...... 9 CAWSES Chairs, Profs. Sunanda Basu and Susan Avery and Post CAWSES-Kyoto Thoughts and Futures of the Theme 3 Project: “Atmospheric Wave Interactions with the Winter Polar Vortices all the CAWSES leadership spread all around the globe for (0-100km)” ...... 10 their cooperation. It had been a pleasure working with all of Status of the AIM mission ...... 11 you! I take this opportunity to thank the Directors of CSP, 5th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES Workshop “Long-Term Changes and Boston University and Physical Research Laboratory, India Trends in the Atmosphere” ...... 11 International School on Atmospheric Radars (ISAR-NCU 2008) (my present place of work) and the US NSF for their support during Oct 6 – 18, 2008 ...... 11 of this activity. Thanks are also due to Mr. David Ellseworth, Announcements from the CAWSES Office ...... 12 the CAWSES Program administrator, for his able assistance CAWSES announces the release of two more comic books ...... 12 at the CAWSES offi ce. It had been a rewarding experience Call for Nominations for “The Sunanda and Santimay Basu Early for me to serve the CAWSES program, the science of which Career Award in Sun-Earth Systems Science ...... 12 is so close to my heart! Lastly I would like to say that although I will be giving up my position, I will continue to be available for discussions on CAWSES science and for in Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Finnish, French, Hebrew, sharing my experience with the new leadership of CAWSES Hindi, Italian, Korean, Marathi, Nigerian (Hausa, Igbo, Yo- – II. ruba, & Pidgin), Russian, Spanish, Swedish and Thai (with pending confi rmation on Danish, Icelandic, and Greenlan- CAWSES Committee Members (March 2008) dic). Translation in some languages has been completed and they are in the process of being checked for oversight errors. Susan Avery, Chair [email protected] As and when these comic books get ready, we will place D. Pallamraju, Scientifi c Coordinator [email protected] them on the CAWSES website. Thanks to the work at Solar D. Ellsworth, Program Administrator [email protected] Terrestrial Environmental Laboratory (STEL), I am happy to announce the launching of two more new comic books en- Theme 1: Solar Infl uence on Climate titled: 1) What are the Polar Regions? and 2) What is the Up- M. Lockwood, Co-Chair [email protected] L. Gray, Co-Chair [email protected] per Atmosphere? These can be accessed from the CAWSES website at: http://www.bu.edu/cawses. So, in all now there WG 1.1 Assessment of Evidence for the Solar Infl uence on Cli- are eight comic books on different topics of Solar to Terres- mate trial science topics. J. Beer, WG 1.1 Leader [email protected] L. Hood [email protected] Susan Avery presented the plan of science for CAWSES-II K. Labitzke [email protected] during her talk and during a town-hall meeting during the J. Lean [email protected] CAWSES Symposium in Kyoto, Japan in October 2007. A. Mangini [email protected] Brigitte Schmieder presented the framework of CAWSES-II R. Narasimha [email protected] and the expectations from it in the Special Interest Group G. North [email protected] P. Stott peter.stott@metoffi ce.com meeting on CAWSES during the National Space Science G. Thuillier [email protected] Symposium in Ooty, India during February 2008. I. Usoskin Ilya.Usoskin@oulu.fi H. Weng [email protected] Among other articles, this issue consists of summary of the W. White [email protected] progress made in the fi rst phase of CAWSES program under Theme 3. As you can see, substantial work has been car- WG 1.2 Investigation of the Mechanisms for the Solar Infl u- ried out and it promises to form a solid base for building ence on Climate: up of a sound edifi ce in the 2nd phase of the CAWSES pro- U. Cubasch, WG 1.2 Leader [email protected] gram. You will also fi nd the summary of discussions on the M. Baldwin [email protected] scientifi c direction that is planned for CAWSES-II and the R. Bradley [email protected] R. Garcia [email protected] SCOSTEP Bureau meeting held at Perugia, Italy. It is ex- G. Harrison [email protected] pected that in the next phase additional emphasis will be on C. Jackman [email protected] the investigations of the linkages between various domains K. Kodera [email protected] in the Sun–Earth connection research. I trust you will fi nd J. Egil Kristjansson [email protected] this issue of CAWSES News informative. U. Langematz [email protected] D. Rind [email protected] In this year, I will be giving up my position as the CAWSES Science Coordinator/ Secretary. I would like to thank you Theme 2: Space Weather: Science and Applications

CAWSES News 2 Spring 2008 J. Kozyra, Co-Chair [email protected] K. Shibata, Co-Chair [email protected] WG 3.2 Coupling via photochemical effects on particles and S. Basu [email protected] minor constituents in the upper atmosphere: solar/terrestrial W. Gonzalez [email protected] infl uences and their role in climate: A. Petrukovich [email protected] M. Dameris, WG 3.2 Leader [email protected] R. Schwenn [email protected] S. Bailey [email protected] R. Sridharan [email protected] U. Hoppe uph@ffi .no X. Feng [email protected] C. Jackman [email protected] M. Lopez-Puertas [email protected] WG 2.1 Enhanced Resolution GPS TEC Maps: D. Marsh [email protected] A. Coster, WG2.1 Co-Leader [email protected] J. Russell III [email protected] M.Hernandez-Pajares Co-Leader [email protected] D. Siskind [email protected] E. de Paula [email protected] C. Mitchell [email protected] WG 3.3 Coupling by electrodynamics including ionospheric/ C. Valladares [email protected] magnetospheric processes: G. Lu, WG 3.3 Co-Leader [email protected] WG 2.2 CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Magnetospheric Observa- M. Yamamoto, WG 3.3 Co-Leader tions: [email protected] I. Mann, WG 2.2 Leader [email protected] I. Batista [email protected] M. Engebretson [email protected] A. Bhattacharyya [email protected] J. Love [email protected] J. Chau [email protected] M. Moldwin [email protected] S. Cummer [email protected] A. Viljanen ari.viljanen@fmi.fi P. Dyson [email protected] K. Yumoto [email protected] M. Fullekrug [email protected] E. Zesta [email protected] R. Tsunoda [email protected]

WG 2.3 Solar Sources of Geoeffective Disturbances: Theme 4: Space Climatology N. Gopalswamy, WG 2.3 Leader [email protected] C. Fröhlich, Co-Chair [email protected] B. Jackson [email protected] J. Sojka, Co-Chair [email protected] S. T. Wu [email protected] WG 4.1 Solar Irradiance Variability: WG 2.4 Continuous Hα Imaging Network (CHAIN) G. Thuillier, WG 4.1 Co-Leader H. Kurokawa, WG 2.4 Leader [email protected] [email protected] J. Pap, WG 4.1 Co-Leader [email protected] WG 2.5 Space Weather Applications P. Fox, WG 4.1 Coordinator [email protected]

WG 2.6 Models, Simulations and Data Assimilation WG 4.2 Heliosphere Near-Earth: S. T. Wu, WG 2.6 Leader [email protected] L. Svalgaard,WG 4.2 Leader [email protected]

WG 2.7 Coordinated Data Analysis WG 4.3 Radiation Belt Climatology: T. Obara, WG 4.3 Leader [email protected] Theme 3: Atmospheric Coupling Processes S. Bourdarie [email protected] F-J. Luebken, Co-Chair [email protected] S. Fung [email protected] J. Alexander, Co-Chair [email protected] D. Heynderickx [email protected] H. Matsumoto [email protected] WG 3.1 Dynamical coupling and its role in the energy and mo- Y. Miyoshi [email protected] mentum budget of the middle atmosphere: M. Panasyuk [email protected] M. Mlynczak, WG 3.1 Co-Leader [email protected] W. Ward, WG 3.1 Co-Leader [email protected] WG 4.4 Climatological Variations of the Ionosphere and Up- D. Fritts [email protected] per Atmosphere: N. Gavrilov [email protected] M. Jarvis, WG 4.4 Co-Leader [email protected] S. Gurubaran [email protected] J. Emmert, WG 4.4 Co-Leader [email protected] M. Hagan [email protected] R. Akmaev [email protected] A. Manson [email protected] G. Beig [email protected] D. Pancheva [email protected] G. Burns [email protected] K. Sato [email protected] J. Chau [email protected] K. Shiokawa [email protected] A. Danilov [email protected] H. Takahashi [email protected] R. Niciejewski [email protected] R. Vincent [email protected] H. Rishbeth, Special Consultant [email protected] F. Yi [email protected] CAWSES News 3 Spring 2008 T. Ulich thomas.ulich@sgo.fi CAWSES over the past 3 years under the supervision and overall guidance of Prof. Kamide and the technical support Liaison of WG 4.4 with IAGA/ICMA of Ms. Noda. The success of the comic books is beyond all J. Lastovicka [email protected] expectations, and it is fully anticipated that the value of the comic books will continue to grow as they are being trans- Capacity Building and Education lated into many international languages. Another important R. Vincent [email protected] B. Schmieder [email protected] CAWSES achievement is the fi rst Sun-Earth Connection G. Lu [email protected] Virtual Conference led by Janet Kozyra, one of the co-chairs of Theme 2. Other than these two there are other success stories of CAWSES-I: such as the CAWSES program facili- CAWSES / SCOSTEP community mourns the loss of: tating Germany, Japan, and India to obtain substantial fund- Pembroke J. Hart, 79, a retired geophysicist at the National ing to support STP researches in their respective countries, Academy of Sciences, died on Feb. 6 in Arlington County, which brings together the solar and geoscience communities USA. In 1958, Dr. Hart became a staff offi cer at the National through joint CAWSES workshops. Academy of Sciences and helped coordinate programs associated with that year’s International Geophysical Year, which Some lessons have been learned from CAWSES-I as well. led to decades of scientifi c projects. He also participated in Although the current 4-theme structure of the CAWSES-I research programs to study the Earth’s mantle and crust and program seems to work out fi ne, some reorganization and was active in such scientifi c efforts as the International Geo- restructuring will be needed in CAWSES-II. For example, dynamics Project and the International Lithosphere Program. there is some level of overlap between Theme 1 and Theme In 1963, a geographical feature in Antarctica -- the Hart Hills 4 in terms of scientifi c objectives, which may have led to -- was named in his honor. He received the 2006 Edward A. some confusion as to which theme should take up the lead- Flinn III Award of the American Geophysical Union. ing role in organizing certain scientifi c activities. During the past 3 years, some Themes have been more active in car- rying out a variety of CAWSES related activities than the Awards/Honors of SCOSTEP/CAWSES Scientists: others. It appears that the activity level of each CAWSES theme depends, to a large extent, on the level of enthusiasm • Susan Avery has been named the President and Director of the respective theme leaders. Passionate theme leaders are of the Woods Hole Oceanographic institute. therefore crucial to the success of the CAWSES program. • Jan Sojka has been elected President-elect for the SPA section of AGU 2. CAWSES-II Updates • Larissa Goncharenko has been elected the Secretary of Susan Avery presented a draft proposal for CAWSES-II to the SPA section of AGU. the Bureau members. The main distinction of CAWSES-II from CAWSES-I will be an emphasis on the Sun and the We congratulate them on their well-deserved recognition. Earth as a coupled system. But she also pointed out that we should take what is still valid from CAWSES-I and build on it. Some new science topics, such as paleoclimatology and Proceedings of the SCOSTEP Bureau meeting in Peru- comparative planetary study, may be added to CAWSES- gia, Italy II. Avery proposed a new concept for CAWSES-II, which Submitted by Gang Lu ([email protected]) is, to form the CAWSES International Virtual Institute (or Headquarters) that will lead and coordinate efforts in various The Bureau members and the CAWSES Chair Susan Av- CAWSES projects, ranging from research activities to data ery met on 28 October 2007, following the International service, resource management, capacity building, and cyber CAWSES Symposium in Kyoto, Japan. The complete meet- infrastructures. ing minutes can be found at the SCOSTEP website http:// www.scostep.ucar.edu/. A brief summary of the Bureau The Bureau members attending the meeting reached a general meeting is provided below: consensus to endorse the draft proposal presented by Susan Avery. Other suggestions by the Bureau members included: 1. Review of CAWSES-I collaboration with the existing (or those that are under de- One of the major CAWSES education and public outreach velopment) virtual observatories, such as those supported by activities is the development and publication of a series of eGY and IHY; collaboration with the NSF-sponsored Digital comic books that address several CAWSES scientifi c topics. Library for Earth System Education (DLESE) program for The project is collaboration between the Solar-Terrestrial En- Capacity Building and EPO; collaboration with IHY regard- vironment Laboratory at Nagoya University and SCOSTEP/ ing its initiatives in Africa and continuing this type of effort

CAWSES News 4 Spring 2008 through the CAWSES program, for example, utilizing the translation before approval. One will agree to incorporate IHY-UN support to establish an African CAWSES region- the comments that are made in good faith. al offi ce; working with other US-based STP communities, (6) The translation should be carried out promptly and such as SHINE, GEM, CEDAR, and LWS, to attract their should be completed in a reasonable period (not exceeding involvement in the CAWSES program. three months). (7) The translated comic books will be placed on the 3. Final Decision on STP-12 SCOSTEP and CAWSES websites. The proposals by Germany and Hungary to host the STP-12 (8) The comic books should not be distributed for commer- symposium were both excellent, and it was a very diffi cult cial purposes. decision for the Bureau to select one among them. After (9) One will translate faithfully the acknowledgments on the carefully assessing the possible fi nancial risks and a greater back cover to the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory potential for a successful meeting, the Bureau accepted the of Nagoya University and to SCOSTEP/CAWSES, as well German proposal to host the STP-12 in Berlin in 2010. The as the information on the original author, but may include Bureau urged the German organizers to form a scientifi c or- additional text or page(s) to acknowledge the personnel and ganizing committee as soon as possible, which should con- funding sources that support the translations. sist of representatives from both solar and geoscience communities. Progress on the fi rst phase of CAWSES Theme 3 “Atmo- spheric Coupling Processes” 4. New Scientifi c Discipline Representatives Submitted by J. Alexander ([email protected]) and SCOSTEP currently has 36 Scientifi c Discipline Representa- F-J. Luebken ([email protected]) tives (SDRs). Among them, 16 SDRs appointed in 1999 will fi nish their term in 2007. A semi-fi nal list of 22 SDR candi- 1. Scientifi c Focus dates was discussed at the Bureau meeting. The appointment letters were sent to all new SDR candidates before the end of The scientifi c topic of Theme 3 is to study coupling process- the year, and all have accepted the position which becomes es from the ground to the thermosphere and their connection effective in 2008. to solar input and anthropogenic changes. Some spectacular examples have demonstrated recently that coupling can take 5. SCOSTEP Co-sponsorship Procedures and Policy/ place between very remote places in the atmosphere, both guidelines for translating comic books from above to below and vice versa. This can lead to a sig- The Bureau passed two general guidelines concerning the nifi cant redistribution of energy input into the system and SCOSTEP sponsorship: (1) All sponsored meetings should cause effects that are far away from the location of the prime show an acknowledgment of the SCOSTEP/CAWSES effect. Climate and the response of the atmosphere to solar sponsorship with or without the fi nancial support, and the input can only be understood when coupling mechanisms sponsored meetings should incorporate the SCOSTEP and are considered. This requires a proper understanding of the CAWSES logos as appropriate in their meeting advertise- physical and chemical processes involved. ments, and (2) The SCOSTEP/CAWSES fi nancial support should go to the meeting organizers and not to individuals. Coupling processes include dynamics, radiation, electrodynamics and the transport of photochemical active constitu- The Bureau also approved the following terms prepared by ents, and they are studied via observations, theory, and mod- Dr. D. Pallamraju with regard to the translation of comic elling. When Theme 3 was fi rst formed, the activities were books into other languages: organized into three working groups with broad themes: dynamics, photochemistry, and electrodynamics. A set of proj- (1) One will translate or arrange to translate the comic books ects with more focused goals was also proposed, and these in a way to convey the true meaning and spirit of the word- turned out to be more effective than working groups, mostly ings as close to the original as possible. because of the enthusiasm of individuals who promoted and (2) One will not modify the credits that presently exist in the lead them. Eight projects were initiated and in the following comic books. we summarize the activities and the most important results (3) In principle, the text should be written within the balloon of these projects. of the comics. Only onomatopoeia, such as “Whoosh!” and “Boing!” can be put on the fi gure(s). 2. Scientifi c and programmatic aspects of projects: (4) The translated version of the comics should be sent to the CAWSES offi ce for approval before public distribution. 2.1 Atmospheric Wave Interactions with the Winter Polar (5) CAWSES (or SCOSTEP) offi ce may send the translated Vortices (0-100km) comics for a review to check for oversight or errors in the Coordinator: Alan Manson

CAWSES News 5 Spring 2008 icton/science/physics/CAWSES_GTC/ The focus of this project is to study dynamical processes and the interactions of tides, planetary waves, gravity waves, and 2.3 2.3 Gravity waves and turbulence turbulence with each other and with the background fl ow, Coordinators: Dave Fritts, Nikolei Gavrilov concentrating on the polar vortex. These processes are poor- ly understood and can lead to unexpected phenomena (e. g., The activities in this project concentrated on the lower ther- sudden stratospheric warmings), which often have global mosphere region at equatorial latitudes, which is also rel- implications. The project has studied the polar vortices us- evant to the CPEA project (see below). The studies focus on ing observations and models during campaigns that took the potential role of gravity waves in creating instabilities place in each winter since 2004/05. Measurements include in the F region (“spread F”) and plasma bubbles extending middle atmosphere winds and temperatures from radars, to higher altitudes. It is suggested that gravity waves aris- meteorological analyses for stratospheric winds and tem- ing from deep tropical convection can lead to substantial peratures from UKMO, and ground-based optical airglow perturbations at the bottomside F layer and can play a sub- systems. The impact of the polar vortex on ozone distribu- stantial role in plasma instabilities. Two campaigns took tion was also studied. Both well-established and new tech- place at equatorial latitudes during Oct. – Nov. 2005 to study niques were applied at middle and polar latitudes. Papers for the ionospheric F region. Radars, digisondes, and airglow the fi rst three Campaigns of the CAWSES “Vortex” project instruments were employed at a number of Brazilian sites. have been published or are in preparation. These studies also TIMED/GUVI measurements were used for large-scale cor- serve as background for the developing research within the relative data. Participation included scientists from several PEARL laboratory of the “Canadian Network for the De- US and Brazilian universities and research organizations. A tection of Atmospheric Change” at Eureka 80oN, Ellesmere series of workshops took place for planning the campaigns Island (www.CANDAC.ca). and scientifi c analysis of the measurements.

2.2 A global observing campaign to characterize tides and 2.4 Solar infl uence on minor constituents and layers at the their infl uence from the troposphere to the thermosphere extra-tropical summer mesopause Coordinator: William Ward Coordinators: Franz-Josef Lübken, Ulf-Peter Hoppe, Scott Bailey The main idea behind this project is to use, for the fi rst time, the entire range of observational capabilities to measure At middle and polar latitudes ice layers exist in the meso- tides, thereby minimizing the limitations of any one meth- pause region, which owe their existence primarily to very low od. This project started by coordinating observations from temperatures. These layers are known as, noctilucent clouds radars, lidars, airglow and microwave instruments, and sat- (NLC) and polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE). The ellite measurements to obtain a nearly complete picture of characteristics of these layers (e.g., occurrence frequency, tides. The fi rst tidal campaign took place from Sep. 1 to Oct. height, brightness etc.) are very sensitive to background con- 31, 2005 to coincide with the “World Month” campaign un- ditions and are therefore best suited to indicate long-term and dertaken by the Incoherent Scatter Radar community. The solar-induced changes in the upper atmosphere. This project focus was on determining the consistency of tidal signatures studied the characteristics of these layers, such as their for- observed by various means. Three more campaigns took mation, morphology, long term change, and sensitivity with place in 2007/2008, in the periods Mar. 1 – Apr. 30, Jun. 1 – respect to the variations caused by solar forcing and anthro- Aug. 15, and Dec. 1 – Feb. 15, 2008. This project includes pogenic greenhouse gas increase. Observations from lidars, substantial modelling efforts to better understand sources radars, satellites, and rockets were employed. Coordinated and signatures of migrating and non-migrating tides, includ- measurements took place in two campaigns in the summers ing their effects on the mean circulation, energy budget and of 2005 (northern hemisphere) and 2005/06 (southern hemi- trace gas distribution. A workshop on tides took place during sphere) that allowed unprecedented insight into physical Aug. 27-30, 2007 in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. processes related to the ice layers. A workshop was held in Several planning meetings were organized in conjunction Kühlungsborn, Germany, in the spring of 2006. with EGU and AGU symposia. In the future the project will focus on the interpretation of the measurements obtained so Regarding scientifi c results related to CAWSES, the evi- far, and on further campaigns dedicated to specifi c aspects dence for long term trends and solar cycle effects is increas- of tides. Results from the fi rst campaign show good com- ing. Still, some observations are not consistent with the over- parisons between model, satellite observations and ground all picture and are not yet fully understood. A spectacular based radar observations. The Tides Project has created a coupling event was observed in NH summer 2002 when in- web-based data archive for the campaign activities acces- creased planetary wave activity in the SH caused signifi cant sible through the project website: http://www.unb.ca/freder- effects in the NH mesosphere, including a warming around

CAWSES News 6 Spring 2008 the mesopause and a reduction of PMSE. Models have been and S. Fukao able to explain these observations qualitatively by feedback mechanisms between planetary waves, gravity waves, and The Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) was established their effect on global circulation. Our understanding of some in March 2001 on the equator in Sumatra Island, Indone- basic physical processes on PMSE or inter-hemispheric dif- sia. The location was selected in the western Pacifi c region ferences has improved substantially in the last years thanks known as the center of intense atmospheric motions and to major progress in experimental capabilities and sophisti- global atmospheric changes. Soon after the beginning of cated modelling. For example, fi rst continuous observations the EAR observations, “Coupling Processes in the Equato- of temperatures, PMSE, and NLC at mesopause altitude at rial Atmosphere (CPEA)” was started as a six-year project Spitsbergen have general implications for the upper atmo- (2001-2007) under the grant-in-aid for scientifi c research of sphere regarding water vapour, turbulence, and the energy priority areas funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, budget. A new satellite called Aeronomy of Ice in the Me- Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). CPEA sosphere (AIM) is specifi cally dedicated to the study of ice studies dynamical coupling processes in the equatorial at- layers and their role in understanding climate effects in the mosphere from the troposphere to the ionosphere. For that upper atmosphere. AIM was launched on Apr 25, 2007, and purpose we accumulated many instruments in the EAR site brings unprecedented detail about the global distribution of and surrounding areas in Indonesia. CPEA has also partici- ice clouds. There are several science topics that need to be pated as one of the CAWSES Theme 3 projects. The CPEA investigated in the future, e.g., feedback mechanisms of ice activities specifi c to the CAWSES project were a series of layer variations on trace gas distribution and the thermal and joint observational campaigns and organization of interna- dynamical state of the upper atmosphere. tional symposia and a workshop.

2.5 Energy budget of the thermosphere and its link to the The international observational campaigns were conducted Sun and climate (Formerly: Ozone - how well do we really in Mar-May 2004 (CPEA-I) and Nov. – Dec., 2005 (CPEA- understand it?) II). Observations included several radars, lidars, airglow in- Coordinator: Marty Mlynczak struments, balloon-borne measurements, and meteorological instruments. Scientifi c results include Kelvin wave breaking The activities in this project concentrated on the scientifi c effects on the tropopause region, observational evidence of analysis of measurements from the SABER instrument on wave generation by convection, observations of the space- the NASA TIMED satellite, in particular, the infrared emis- time evolution of plasma bubbles and their relationship to sions from NO and CO2 . Infrared cooling impacts the infl u- waves in the lower atmosphere, and inter-hemispheric cou- ence of the Sun on the energy balance and climate of the pling of the ionosphere via processes related to plasma bub- thermosphere. NO acts as a “natural thermostat” in the ther- bles and travelling ionospheric disturbances [Fukao, 2006]. mosphere during geomagnetic storms since the increased The two international CPEA symposia were held in Kyoto, energy input leads to an enhancement of NO, which in turn Japan in 2002 and 2007. The CAWSES CPEA Workshop boosts cooling by infrared emission. SABER measurements was held in May 2005 during the ISEA-11 meeting in Tai- showed a general decline of infrared emission caused by de- pei Taiwan. These meetings were successful in bringing re- creasing solar activity, but also tremendous day-to-day vari- searchers from all over the world together to discuss topics ability. A nine-day variability is found in the NO and CO2 related to CAWSES. Two special issues also highlight these emission, which is attributed to the recurrence of coronal results, which are published in J. Meteorol. Soc. of Japan in holes on the Sun that are spaced approximately 120 degrees 2006 and in the process in Earth, Planets and Space. apart in solar longitude. Consequently, the 27-day solar rota- tion period brings one of the coronal hole features “in view” Reference: S. Fukao, Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmo- of the Earth every 9 days. These results demonstrate a link sphere (CPEA): A Project Overview, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 84A, between the processes in the solar corona and the heat bud- 1-18, 2006. get and climate of the thermosphere. The data are important for understanding natural variability and long-term climate 2.7 Understanding Atmospheric Coupling Processes through Numerical Modeling change in the thermosphere due to increasing CO2 abun- dances. It is planned to convene a topical workshop to bring Coordinators: Gang Lu, Maura Hagan, Art Richmond together observers and modellers to work on SABER data from this energy balance perspective. Major progress has been achieved through models of atmospheric coupling processes developed at research centers 2.6 Coupling processes in the equatorial atmosphere around the world. These models have lead to important re- (CPEA) cent discoveries including (a) demonstration of the relation- Coordinators: M. Yamamotu, H. Takahashi, S. Gurubaran, ship between diurnal tidal variations forced by tropical deep

CAWSES News 7 Spring 2008 convection and the global morphology of the ionospheric Sun-H-M-I-A system (convened by J. Kozyra and D. equatorial ionization anomaly, (b) solar wind driven mag- Pallamraju) netospheric disturbances that produce penetration of electric • IAGA Session on Low latitude A-I-M coupling, dynam- fi elds and disturbances in the equatorial ionosphere, and (c) ics and energetics (convened by M. A. Abdu) non-linear interaction of these penetration electric fi elds with • A month-long incoherent scatter radar campaign in Sep ionospheric dynamo electric fi elds. These examples high- 2005 and Apr 2006. light the ability of these models to describe very complex • Space Weather Campaign in Sep 2005 processes in coupling across vastly differing atmospheric • 2005 campaign on ice layers near the summer meso- zones from the troposphere to the edge of space. The Theme pause 3 Numerical Modeling project participants contributed di- • Joint ICESTAR/CAWSES coordinated effort on the Jan rectly to the CAWSES campaign of Sep 2005 with numerical 2005 solar fl are effects simulations of ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances associated with the geomagnetic storm observed on 10 Sep Priority programme of the German Science Foundation is 2005. During the event, radars at Millstone Hill and Arecibo running for 6 years involving approximately 30 institutes observed a dayside positive storm phase via enhanced elec- in Germany with around 120 scientists and 70-100 Ph.D. tron density in the F region with an unusual vertical profi le students. The total funding is approximately 17-20 Million shape. Simulations with the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Elec- US-Dollars. The continuation of Germany’s membership trodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) repro- in EISCAT is also funded through this priority programme. duced the observed electron density profi les, and identifi ed National workshops have also been organized (with inter- the shape as associated with specifi c patterns in vertical ion national guests) every second year. The German foundation drift. The model also identifi ed the primary cause of the pos- also organized CAWSES related sessions during the EGU itive storm response as enhanced meridional neutral wind general assembly in Vienna (in 2006, 2007 and 2008). rather than the penetration magnetospheric electric fi eld. Development in the CAWSES-India Program 2.8 Electrodynamic Coupling effects in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere Report on CAWSES-Space Weather campaign during Coordinators: Archana Bhattacharayya, Art Richmond, Her- Mar-Apr 2006 mann Lühr Submitted by T. K. Pant ([email protected])

Some exciting results have been obtained under this proj- Under Theme 2 of CAWSES-India program, three main sci- ect. They include: 1. Experimental confi rmation by CHAMP entifi c problems were identifi ed for focused study through magnetic fi eld measurements of the electromagnetic nature a countrywide multi-instrument multi-institution observa- of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), which was earlier tional campaign during Mar-Apr 2006. These problems were suggested in model studies to be also associated with the (a) investigation of the evolution of magnetic fi eld structures coupling of equatorial F region to conjugate ionospheric E on the sun and solar wind disturbances, (b) investigation regions and, 2. In a statistical study of the effect of solar of the day-to-day variability of equatorial and low latitude wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling on the generation thermosphere-ionosphere system with an emphasis on the of EPBs it was found that such generation is most likely to generation and development of equatorial spread F, and, (c) occur around midnight in all seasons. Without CAWSES co- investigation of solar and interplanetary origin of geomag- ordinated multi-technique campaigns, which are essential for netic activity and related magnetospheric-ionospheric-ther- the study of coupling between atmosphere-ionosphere and mospheric (MIT) effects. The solar observations from the between different regions of the ionosphere, would not have Ooty Radio telescope during this period revealed interaction happened. Several plans are being made for the next phase of regions caused by coronal holes. While the two-dimensional CAWSES: e.g., 1. CHAMP irregularity measurements shall images of solar corona at 115 MHz (about 0.2 Rs above the be compared with those from C/NOFS, 2. Ground-based disk) obtained using radioheliograph at Gauribidanur inves- multi-technique (scintillation, radar, ionosonde, GPS) obser- tigated the kinematics of CMEs/fl ares close to the Sun, ob- vations in the Indian region shall be combined with the data servations on these fl ares were also made using (i) 6” Spar from satellite observations such as CHAMP, DMSP, TIMED Telescope for small fi eld high resolution observations, and GUVI, to study the role of ambient conditions in the evolu- (ii) GONG full disk telescope (magnetograms and Doppler- tion of spatial structure in EPBs. grams) at Udaipur. The terrestrial measurements were carried out using ground-based MST and HF radars and GPS 3. Other developments and common activities with Theme 2 receivers, daytime airglow photometer and other comple- mentary instruments like the ionosondes and the magnetom- • AGU Session on Exploring the global response of the eters. Some of the important observations which indicated

CAWSES News 8 Spring 2008 the possibility of a connection between the solar processes CAWSES national program offered a unique opportunity for and the processes in the terrestrial upper atmosphere were: various scientifi c groups to interact and generate a scientifi c (a) the optically measured daytime mesopause temperature platform that could be used to launch future CAWSES re- showed a prominent decrease in the afternoon hours dur- lated activities. ing the main phases of the geomagnetic storms, (b) Quasi 2- and 5-day oscillations appear to be modulating not only Theme 4 activities of CAWSES-India the mesopause temperature indicating the presence of plan- Submitted by R. Dabas ([email protected]) etary waves therein, but also the strength and extent of large scale process like the equatorial ionization anomaly. Further, Under the Theme 4 of the CAWSES-India program follow- while the instabilities in the post evening ionosphere were ing activities, as approved by the National Science Com- observed on 8 nights by the MST radar, scintillations in the mittee, are in progress by different groups in the country. VHF range were observed on about 30 nights. In view of These are: 1) Studies on low latitude space climatology with these results and the CAWSES Theme 2 brainstorming ses- ground based Ionosphere – Thermosphere measurements, sion which was held at the Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), 2) Climatology and modeling of the F region over Indian VSSC in Dec 2007, it was agreed that the main emphasis equatorial and low-latitudes based on data from ionosonde of the second phase of CAWSES Theme 2 campaign in Feb network, 3) Study of Sun-Earth interactions using VHF scin- – Apr 2008 will be on the investigation of the nature of pro- tillations, 4) An integrated approach for the investigation of cesses that play a key role in vertically coupling the various the equatorial ionosphere thermosphere system using differ- atmospheric domains, especially the coupling of thermo- ent ground based experimental techniques at the magnetic sphere-ionosphere with its neighboring regions. These pro- equatorial location, 5) Analysis & modeling of the Indian cesses include both the sources: i) those with the origin in ionospheric electron content, 6) Space Climatology of upper the lower atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere), and ii) ionosphere using VHF scintillation and VLF Whistler mode, those in the magnetosphere and beyond. 7) Ionospheric modeling for short and long term predictions of F-region parameters over Indian zone, 8) Space Weather Highlights of Theme 3 activities of CAWSES-India impact on equatorial and low latitude F-region ionosphere Submitted by S.Gurubaran ([email protected]) over India, and 9) Equatorial and low latitude spread F irregularity characteristics over the Indian region and their pre- A national CAWSES program sponsored by the Indian diction possibilities. In addition to the above projects, one of Space Research Organization (ISRO) has been pursued in the important contributions of the NPL/ISRO program has India. The Theme 3 of CAWSES-India focuses on scientifi c been the digitization of ionosonde data from a network of activities related to tropical tropopause dynamics, strato- Indian stations obtained during the past 20 - 40 years! sphere-troposphere exchange (STE) processes, middle atmospheric dynamics and electrodynamical processes within Reports from the CAWSES community the near-space environment. Seven projects are being carried out under this Theme. An experimental campaign on ISSI Workshops in 2005-2006 on Sun-Earth connection middle atmospheric tides has been successfully conducted (THEME II) during Feb-Apr 2006. The experiments conducted under the Submitted by Consuelo Cid ([email protected]) and Bri- ISRO’s Midde Atmospheric Dynamics program contributed gitte Schmieder ([email protected]) database to this tidal campaign study. Research was carried out under the following areas: (1) Characterization of atmo- The ‘Stages of Sun-Earth connection’ program arose with a spheric boundary layer processes and identifi cation of their proposal to the International Space Science Institute located links to the tropical tropopause variations during intense in Bern, Switzerland in 2005. Twelve participants from eight convection, (2) Characterization of cirrus clouds within the institutions from fi ve countries (Spain, Argentina, Belgium, tropical tropopause layer and the energetics associated with France and Germany) joined their knowledge in the fi elds the cirrus formation, (3) Infl uence of monsoon associated of solar, interplanetary and magnetospheric physics to ac- mesoscale convective systems on the tropical tropopause complish the task of understanding all the stages of space region, (4) Large-scale variation and trends in observed weather. The proposal of the team was to analyze individual Convective Available Potential Energy over a few low events at different stages and not to make a statistical study. latitude sites, (5) Role of STE on tropospheric and strato- We thought that this approach lets us improve our knowl- spheric ozone in relation with tropopause variation over the edge of Sun-Earth connection. Every member provided the Asian region, (6) Links between the upper mesospheric tidal best of his/her expertise in analyzing solar images, inter- wind fi elds and deep tropical convection, and (7) Evolution planetary magnetic fi elds, energetic particles, geomagnetic of Equatorial Spread F irregularities under different ambi- indices or theoretical approaches of the events selected. We ent conditions. With regard to theme 3 of CAWSES, the participated in three meetings at ISSI in Sep. 2005, May

CAWSES News 9 Spring 2008 100km, with these Themes: Troposphere Transport and Air Quality; the Radiative Environment [Clouds, Aerosols and Diamond Dust]; Middle Atmosphere Chemistry; Waves And Coupling Processes [WACP, 0-100km].

The fi rst winter with all systems operating is 2007/8, which happens also to be the fi rst season for the IPY program. Our SKiYMET radar has operated since February 2006. PEARL (expand) is one of the International Arctic Systems for Ob- Figure 1: Dynamic spectral radio emission (WAVES/TNR) between May 13 serving the Atmosphere, which includes several locations and May 15 UT where three type II emissions are identifi ed corresponding that are well known to CAWSES community: e.g. Barrow, to two interplanetary shock entities. Alaska (71° N); Ny-Alesund (Svalbard), Norway (79° N) and Summit, Greenland (72° N). So now to the connection 2006, and Nov. 2006 to try and join all the work that we between PEARL at Eureka and our “….Polar Vortex…” have done in our institutions, and now our results are starting CAWSES Project. The dominant atmospheric structure in to see the light. ‘Magnetic clouds seen at different locations the Arctic is the winter polar vortex. Its characterization and in the Heliosphere’ (Rodriguez et. al., 2008, Ann. Geophys., evolution each winter is a function of the propagation of sta- 25, 1-17) is the fi rst of the results from the team. Magnetic tionary and propagating planetary waves from lower heights clouds are huge magnetic structures and survive until several and latitudes, the resulting Brewer-Dobson circulation, the AU away from the Sun. It is accepted that its local topol- phases of ENSO and the QBO, fl uxes of gravity waves from ogy could be modelled as a cylindrical fl ux rope, but the everywhere, the stratospheric/mesospheric disturbances of global topology is still unknown. In this paper we analyzed each year, and hence fi nally the solar activity/cycle. Under- two magnetic clouds, which were observed not only at 1 AU standing of the atmosphere processes over Eureka [0-100km] by ACE spacecraft, but also by Ulysses spacecraft. In Jan. therefore requires knowledge/characterization of the vortex, 2005, when one of the clouds was observed, the location of since Eureka may be outside, on the edge, or inside the vor- Ulysses was 72º N, and then, it provided a good opportunity tex during any given winter. The least well understood parts to study the global topology and evolution from the solar to- of the vortices are the tops and bottoms, with their crucial in- pology. This evolution is also analyzed in the event of Nov. teractions with the tropopause and mesopause regions. The 2001, when Ulysses was close to the ecliptic plane, but at a scientifi c questions for WACP-CANDAC therefore involve radial distance of 5.3 AU. The next of our results on the May all of those hemispheric and global phenomena/issues. It is 2000 event will be appearing in JGR (Dasso et. al., 2008). our SCOSTEP heritage that engages us with both CANDAC- Two CMEs, well observed at 1 AU, show that their origi- PEARL and CAWSES simultaneously. nal structures were preserved and survived while evolving in the interplanetary medium. These CMEs developed one This perspective brings to light a signifi cant gap in the range of the most intense geomagnetic storm of this solar cycle of phenomena and their altitudes currently being studied (Dst =-263 nT). Also three halo CMEs with very different within CAWSES-I; with the exception of the “….Vortex…..” geomagnetic response have been studied by the team and the project. Based upon ‘Kyoto’, very little attention is being manuscript is under preparation. given to the observation/study of atmospheric processes between the tropopause region and the lower mesosphere. Post CAWSES-Kyoto Thoughts and Futures of the Theme These are crucial for the understanding of the polar vortices 3 Project: “Atmospheric Wave Interactions with the Win- and related global processes. These are the structures through ter Polar Vortices (0-100km)” which the atmosphere from surface to 100km is linked by Submitted by Alan Manson ([email protected]) dynamical, chemical and thermal processes. Consistent with this imperative, concept studies are now underway for a ma- This CAWSES Theme 3 WG 3.1 project is closely tied, in a jor Canadian Space Agency (CSA) mission: Atmospheric scientifi c collaborative sense, with a major Atmospheric Sci- Processes of Climate and its Change, APOCC. The CSA is ences initiative in Canada: Canadian Network for the Detec- also a partner in the CANDAC and the Canadian Middle tion of Atmospheric Change (www.CANDAC.ca). Begun as Atmosphere Model activities. We expect to be active in this a dream in 2002, and under the extraordinary leadership of vortex-theme throughout CAWSES-II, and welcome/need Prof James Drummond, the PIs forming the Scientifi c Steer- the involvement of other participants, either independently ing Committee have acquired signifi cant funds for the ac- or collaboratively. The program that is powerfully engaged quisition and installation of multiple observational systems with all the aspects of the middle atmosphere coupling is, of at Eureka 80°N, Ellesmere Island such as: spectrometers, course SPARC. Several SPARC members are our colleagues lidars, imagers, and radars. Studies extend from ground to and collaborators in CANDAC-PEARL science. A joint

CAWSES News 10 Spring 2008 meeting between SPARC and CAWSES communities would monuments. Previous workshops were held at Pune, India also be stimulating, synergistic and desirable. (1999); Prague, Czech Republic (2001); Sozopol, Bulgaria (2004); and Sodankyla, Finland (2006). Status of the AIM mission Submitted by Scott Bailey ([email protected]) Web site of the Workhop: http://www.onlinereg.ru/trends Abstract deadline: 15 April 2008; Accommodation booking The Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) has com- deadline: 1 August 2008 pleted observations of one full northern and most of one Registration fee: €175 before 1 May, €225 after 1 May, ac- southern season of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs). The companying persons €50. AIM mission was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base Program Committee: J. Lastovicka (Chairman, [email protected]. in California on April 25, 2007 becoming the fi rst satellite cz), G. Beig, J. T. Emmert, M. Jarvis, O. Troshichev. mission dedicated to the study of PMCs. AIM carries three instruments specifi cally selected because of their ability to International School on Atmospheric Radars (ISAR-NCU provide key measurements needed to address the AIM goal 2008) during Oct 6 – 18, 2008 which is to determine why these clouds form and vary. The Submitted by J. Roettger ([email protected]) instrument payload includes a nadir imager, a solar occulta- tion instrument, and an in-situ cosmic dust detector. Early The international school lecture series and workshop ISAR- science results from the fi rst northern and southern hemi- NCU 2008 will be held at the National Central University sphere seasons show a highly variable cloud morphology, (NCU), Chung-Li, Taiwan ROC during on 6 - 18 October larger cloud brightnesses and more detailed structure than 2008. This school bases on earlier ISARs and is intended to previous space-based instruments because of AIM’s much be for graduate and Ph.D. students and young postdoctoral fi ner spatial resolution, and the fi rst direct observation of the research scientists having background or profound interest layer of small ice particles believed to be the cause of the in atmosphere and ionosphere science, data processing and summertime radar echoes. Additionally, complex features remote sensing (passive) and radar (active) methods as well were observed that are reminiscent of tropospheric weather as in atmospheric and ionospheric modelling. In particular, phenomena. The fi rst results from AIM are currently being methods for applying FormoSat3/COSMIC, MST and inco- submitted to a special issue of the Journal of Atmospheric herent scatter radars data will be addressed. and Solar Terrestrial Physics on Layered Phenomenon of the Mesopause Region (Richard Collins, Editor). A special ses- The ISAR-NCU 2008 is co-directed by Jürgen Röttger and sion of the Spring AGU in Ft. Lauderdale May 27-30 en- Lung-Chi Tsai, supported by a Scientifi c Organization Com- titled “AIM and other Contributions to Understanding the mittee including C.H. Liu, S. Fukao, F. Chao and H.C. Yeh. Formation and Evolution of NLCs/PMCs” will also be held The local organization is by the Center of Space and Remote (Conveners James M. Russell III and Scott M. Bailey). It is Sensing Research, the Institute of Space Science and the expected that the science from the AIM mission will be of College of Earth Science of the National Central University. interest to the CAWSES community. Sponsors of this school will be the National Central Uni- versity and the National Science Council of Taiwan ROC 5th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES Workshop “Long-Term as well as the Academia Sinica ROC, SCOSTEP/CAWSES Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere” and URSI. Submitted by J. Lastovicka, and J.T. Emmert ([email protected]. cz) The activity will include a one day workshop, tutorial lec- tures, intensive training and computer laboratory work. Dur- The workshop is focused on long-term changes and trends in ing the latter the participants, supervised by the lecturers, the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere but changes/ will analyze and interpret data obtained by different sound- trends in the stratosphere and troposphere will also be cov- ing and radar techniques. Some introduction will also be giv- ered. It will be held at the Arctic and Antarctic Research en to modelling and simulations. Lecturers will be from the Institute (AARI) in St. Petersburg, Russia during Septem- National Central University and the international community ber 8-13, 2008. A special issue in a journal with papers of atmosphere and ionosphere research using ground-based from this workshop is planned. Chairman of the LOC Oleg radio methods. Troshichev ([email protected]) can provide you with additional information about St. Petersburg arrangements. St. Graduate or Ph. D. students and postdoctoral scientists from Petersburg has direct air connection with many European third-world countries, particularly from South-East Asia, towns and with a couple of towns out of Europe; it is not are encouraged to apply. Although the main purpose of this necessary to fl y through Moscow. Many people claim that school is to help researchers and students from developing it is the most beautiful town in Russia with many historical countries through this program of training activities within

CAWSES News 11 Spring 2008 a framework of international cooperation, participants from developed countries are also welcome to attend. The school Call for Nominations for “The Sunanda and Santimay will be conducted in English and participants must have a Basu Early Career Award in Sun-Earth Systems Science good working knowledge of that language. As a rule, travel and subsistence expenses of the participants are borne by the The Sunanda and Santimay Basu Early Career Award, home institution. However, limited funds are available for given by the Space Physics and Aeronomy Section of the some participants from, and working in, developing coun- AGU, honors an individual scientist from a developing na- tries, to be selected by the organizers. As scarcity of funds tion for making outstanding contributions to research in allows travel to be granted only in some particular cases, but Sun-Earth Systems Science that further the understanding every effort should be made by candidates to secure support of both plasma physical processes and their applications for their fares (or at least half fare) from their home country. for the beneﬁ t of society. The award is open to scientists The total number of participants in the school is limited. Ap- who are within 7 years of having received a Ph.D. and who plications need to be received by 30 June 2008 at: National live and work in developing countries. Consideration is to Central University, ISAR - NCU 2008, Chung-Li, Taiwan be given to candidates who have overcome obstacles in at- (R.O.C.) (http://isarncu.ncu.edu.tw) taining their research objectives. The CAWSES members would remember that Prof. Sunanda Basu was the founding Announcements from the CAWSES Ofﬁ ce Chair of the CAWSES Science Steering Group. D. Pallamraju ([email protected]) The recipient will be invited by the Space Physics and Aer- CAWSES announces the release of two more comic books onomy Section to present a paper at the AGU Fall Meeting. Travel funds will be provided. Please check the Web site We are happy to announce that two more CAWSES comic for application procedures. www.agu.org/inside/sectaward- books: 1) What are the Polar Regions? and 2) What is the nom.html Deadline 1 June 2008. Upper Atmosphere? have been released. These are available at the CAWSES website for download.

CAWSES News 12 Spring 2008

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D. Pallamraju, Scientiﬁ c Coordinator, Editor, CAWSES News ([email protected]) D. Ellsworth, Program Administrator, ([email protected]) Tel: +011-617-353-5990 Fax: +011-617-353-6463 CAWSES News is also available on the web at: http://www.bu.edu/cawses CAWSESCAWSES International News Coordination ofﬁ ce at B.U. is supported by US12 NSF Spring 2008