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Vzor Závěrečné Práce Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Studijní obor: Regionální rozvoj a správa INOVAČNÍ PROSTŘEDÍ A POLITIKA V NIZOZEMSKÝCH REGIONECH Innovation environment and innovation policy in the Dutch regions Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Autor: Ing. Viktorie Klímová, Ph.D. Bc. Soňa RASZKOVÁ Brno, 2018 Jméno a příjmení autora: Soňa Raszková Název diplomové práce: Inovační prostředí a politika v nizozemských regionech Název práce v angličtině: Innovation environment and innovation policy in the Dutch regions Katedra: Regionálního rozvoje a správy Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. Viktorie Klímová, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2018 Anotace Cílem diplomové práce „Inovační prostředí a politika v nizozemských regionech” je analyzovat a determinovat prvky, které ovlivňují úspěšnost a efektivitu regionálních inovačních systémů na příkladu vybraných regionálních inovačních systémů v Nizozemsku. První část práce je zaměřena na popis inovačních systémů, jejich koncept, strukturu, prvky, funkce a typologii, regionální inovační politiku a její nástroje. Druhá část práce analyzuje nizozemský národní inovační systém, jeho aktéry a nástroje. Posléze se práce zaměřuje na popis jednotlivých regionů a u třech vybraných regionů (Severní Holandsko, Jižní Holandsko a Severní Brabantsko) analyzuje a charakterizuje jejich regionální inovační systém. Toto srovnání je zaměřeno na socioekonomické charakteristiky, infrastrukturu a aktivitu výzkumu a vývoje, inovační politiku a její nástroje. Tyto determinanty úspěšnosti jsou podrobeny hlubší analýze. Annotation The aim of the diploma thesis "Innovation environment and innovation policy in the Dutch regions" is to analyse and determine the elements that influence the success and effectiveness of regional innovation systems on the example of selected regional innovation systems in the Netherlands. The first part of the thesis focuses on definition of innovation systems, their concept, structure, elements, functions and typology, regional innovation policy and its tools. The second part of the thesis first analyses the Dutch national innovation system its actors and tools. Finally, the thesis focuses on the description of individual regions and in three selected regions (North Holland, South Holland and North Brabant) examines and characterizes the regional innovation system. This comparison focuses on the socio-economic characteristics, the R&D infrastructure and activity, the innovation policy and its instruments. These success determinants are subjected to a deeper analysis. Klíčová slova inovační politika; inovační prostředí; Nizozemsko; výzkum, vývoj a inovace; regionální inovační systémy Keywords innovation policy; innovation environment; the Netherlands; research, development and innovation; regional innovation systems Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci Inovační prostředí a politika v nizozemských regionech vypracovala samostatně pod vedením Ing. Viktorie Klímové, Ph.D., a uvedla v ní všechny použité literární a jiné odborné zdroje v souladu s právními předpisy, vnitřními předpisy Masarykovy univerzity a vnitřními akty řízení Masarykovy univerzity a Ekonomicko-správní fakulty MU. V Brně dne 29. dubna 2018 vlastnoruční podpis autora Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala Ing. Viktorii Klímové, Ph.D. za cenné připomínky a odborné rady, kterými přispěla k vypracování této diplomové práce. Dále děkuji rodičům bez jejichž trpělivosti by práce nikdy nevznikla a také mým přátelům, kteří mi byli během psaní diplomové práce nápomocní. OBSAH ÚVOD ...................................................................................................................................... 11 1 INOVAČNÍ SYSTÉMY ...................................................................................................... 13 1.1. KONCEPT INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ ............................................................................................ 15 1.2. TYPY A CHARAKTERISTIKY INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ ................................................................ 16 1.3. FUNKCE INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ .............................................................................................. 17 1.4. STRUKTURA A PRVKY INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ ........................................................................ 19 2 REGIONÁLNÍ INOVAČNÍ SYSTÉMY A POLITIKA .................................................. 22 2.1. DEFINICE REGIONÁLNÍHO INOVAČNÍHO SYSTÉMU .................................................................. 22 2.2. PŘEDPOKLADY ÚSPĚŠNOSTI REGIONÁLNÍCH INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ ..................................... 25 2.3. TYPOLOGIE REGIONÁLNÍCH INOVAČNÍCH SYSTÉMŮ ............................................................... 26 2.4. REGIONÁLNÍ INOVAČNÍ POLITIKA ............................................................................................ 29 2.5. REGIONÁLNÍ INOVAČNÍ STRATEGIE ......................................................................................... 31 2.6. NÁSTROJE INOVAČNÍ POLITIKY ............................................................................................... 32 3 INOVAČNÍ SYSTÉM V NIZOZEMSKU ........................................................................ 35 3.1. INOVAČNÍ SYSTÉM V NIZOZEMSKU ........................................................................................ 37 3.2. REGIONÁLNÍ INOVAČNÍ POLITIKA NIZOZEMSKA .................................................................... 43 4 REGION SEVERNÍ HOLANDSKO ................................................................................. 50 4.1. SOCIOEKONOMICKÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ................................................................................ 50 4.2. INFRASTRUKTURA VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE ................................................................................ 52 4.3. AKTIVITA VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE .............................................................................................. 54 4.4. INOVAČNÍ POLITIKA A JEJÍ NÁSTROJE ..................................................................................... 55 4.5. FAKTORY ÚSPĚCHU ................................................................................................................. 56 5 REGION JIŽNÍ HOLANDSKO ........................................................................................ 58 5.1. SOCIOEKONOMICKÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ................................................................................ 58 5.2. INFRASTRUKTURA VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE ................................................................................ 61 5.3. AKTIVITA VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE .............................................................................................. 63 5.4. INOVAČNÍ POLITIKA A JEJÍ NÁSTROJE ..................................................................................... 64 5.5. FAKTORY ÚSPĚCHU ................................................................................................................. 66 6 REGION SEVERNÍ BRABANTSKO ............................................................................... 68 6.1. SOCIOEKONOMICKÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA ................................................................................ 68 6.2. INFRASTRUKTURA VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE ................................................................................ 71 6.3. AKTIVITA VÝZKUMU A VÝVOJE .............................................................................................. 73 6.4. INOVAČNÍ POLITIKA A JEJÍ NÁSTROJE ..................................................................................... 74 6.5. FAKTORY ÚSPĚCHU ................................................................................................................. 76 ZÁVĚR .................................................................................................................................... 78 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZDROJŮ ...................................................................................... 81 SEZNAM GRAFŮ.................................................................................................................. 94 SEZNAM TABULEK ............................................................................................................ 94 SEZNAM OBRÁZKŮ............................................................................................................ 94 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZKRATEK................................................................................... 94 ÚVOD Inovace jsou chápány v dnešní době jako hnací síla neustálého socioekonomického rozvoje. Právě v současném globalizovaném světě hrají inovace mnohem důležitější roli než kdy předtím, poněvadž posilují konkurenceschopnost a jsou motorem hospodářského růstu nejen jednotlivých firem ale také konkrétních regionů a států. Evropská unie zařadila problematiku inovací do svého strategického dokumentu Evropa 2020, kde prosazuje, aby Evropa do roku 2020 měla chytrou ekonomiku založenou na znalostech a inovacích. Nabádá v něm také k vytvoření „Inovační unie“, která by podporovala podniky a firmy EU v inovační činnosti. Velký důraz na inovace je kladen i v kohezní a regionální politice. Pojem inovace se v tomto strategickém dokumentu zmiňuje 45krát. O co tedy jedná? Slovo inovace je odvozené od latinského slova innovare (=obnovovat), jde tedy o člověkem cíleně navrhovanou změnu, může jít o výrobek, výrobní postup, organizaci práce aj. Inovace není pouhá idea nebo nápad, ale důležitá je především implementační fáze, tzn. uvedení myšlenky do praktického použití. (OECD, 1997) Inovace se také podporují na národní a regionální
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