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Chapitreii : Evolution De L'edifice De La Mosquee

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Chapitreii : Evolution De L'edifice De La Mosquee REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULEIRE MINIST7RE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR & DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE UNIVERSITE MENTOURI FACULTE DES SCIENCES DE LA TERRE , DE LA GEOGRAPHIE ET DE L’AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE DEPARTEMENT D’ARCHITECTURE ET D’URBANISME N° d’ordre…………………… Série………………………….. THESE DE MAGISTER Option : préservation du patrimoine architectural Présenté par : Melle MENHOUR Asma THEME Evolution de la mosquée en tant que patrimoine architectural religieux Cas de la mosquée ottomane à Constantine Sous la direction de : Dr SASSI BOUDEMAGH Souad Jury d’examen : Président : Pr FOURA Mohammed Pr, Université de Constantine Rapporteur : Dr SASSI BOUDEMAGH Souad M.c, Université de Constantine Examinateurs : Dr DEKOUMI Djamel. M.c, Université de Constantine Examinateurs : Dr BESTANDJI Sihem. M.c, Université de Constantine Soutenu le 13/03/2012 SOMMAIRE : INTRODUCTION GENERALE :...................................................................................................................... 1 PROBLEMATIQUE : ........................................................................................................................................ 3 OBJECTIF DE RECHERCHE, ET OUTILS: ................................................................................................. 4 ETAT DES SAVOIRS SUR L’OBJET DE RECHERCHE : .......................................................................... 5 METHODOLOGIE : .......................................................................................................................................... 8 PARTIE I : CADRE THEORIQUES DE REFECRENCES.......................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION PARTIELLE :.................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPITRE I : L’ARCHITECTURE ISLAMIQUE ........................................................................................ 12 INTRODUCTION : .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1-L’ART ABSTRAIT : ................................................................................................................................... 14 1-1-DEFINITION. .......................................................................................................................................... 14 1-2-L’ORNEMENTATION EN ARCHITECTURE ISLAMIQUE: .............................................................................. 14 1-2-1-La décoration géométrique et florale : ..................................................................................... 15 1-2-2-La calligraphie : .......................................................................................................................... 16 1-2-3-La Calligraphie selon les quatre écoles : ................................................................................. 18 2-ÉLEMENTS D’ARCHITECTURE ISLAMIQUE : ..................................................................................... 18 2-1-PILIERS ET COLONNES : ....................................................................................................................... 18 2-2-ARCS :.................................................................................................................................................. 19 2-3-COUPOLE : ........................................................................................................................................... 20 2-4-VOUTES : .............................................................................................................................................. 20 3-L’EVOLUTION DE L’ARCHITECTURE ISLAMIQUE: ............................................................................ 21 3-1-LES ECOLES ET STYLES D’ARCHITECTURE ISLAMIQUE : ........................................................................ 21 3-1-1-L’école syrio-egyptienne :.......................................................................................................... 21 3-1-2-Ecole Persane : .......................................................................................................................... 23 3-1-3-Ecole indoue : ............................................................................................................................. 24 3-1-4-Ecole ottomane : ........................................................................................................................ 24 3-1-5-école hispano-maghrébine (pays du grand maghreb):........................................................... 25 4-LA SYMBOLIQUE EN ARCHITECTURE ISLAMIQUE: ......................................................................... 30 4-1-ART ISLAMIQUE ET IDENTITES LOCALES ET REGIONALES : .................................................................... 31 4-2-LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU CADRE REFERENTIEL: .................................................................................... 31 5-PATRIMOINE ARCHITECTURAL RELIGIEUX ISLAMIQUE : .............................................................. 33 5-1-ÉDIFICES RELIGIEUX ISLAMIQUES : ....................................................................................................... 34 34 ...................................................................................................................المسجد : 5-1-1-La mosquée 34 .......................................................................................................... المسجد الجامع : 5-1-2-Le Djama’a 5-1-3-Les medersas : ........................................................................................................................... 34 5-1-4-Les Khankah :............................................................................................................................. 35 5-1-5-Les Taqiah : ................................................................................................................................ 35 5-1-6-Kouttab : ...................................................................................................................................... 35 5-1-7-Zaouia : ....................................................................................................................................... 35 CONCLUSION : .............................................................................................................................................. 36 CHAPITREII : EVOLUTION DE L’EDIFICE DE LA MOSQUEE (CONCEPTION ET FONCTIONS) .... 37 INTRODUCTION : .......................................................................................................................................... 38 1-DEFINITION DE LA MOSQUEE: .............................................................................................................. 38 2-GENESE DE LA MOSQUEE : ................................................................................................................... 38 2-1-HISTORIQUE ET EVOLUTION DE L’EDIFICE DE LA MOSQUEE:.................................................................. 39 2-1-1-Evolution architecturale de l’édifice de la mosquée:............................................................... 39 2-1-2-Evolution de conception : .......................................................................................................... 41 3-LES ELEMENTS DE BASE DE LA MOSQUEE : ................................................................................... 42 3-1-SALLE DE PRIERE : ............................................................................................................................... 42 3-2-LE MINBAR : (CHAIRE) .......................................................................................................................... 43 3-3-LE MIHRAB : .......................................................................................................................................... 43 3-4-LE ÇAHN : OU LA COUR : ....................................................................................................................... 44 3-5- RIWAQ ‘LA GALERIE’ : .......................................................................................................................... 44 4-LES ELEMENTS ARCHITECTONIQUES INTRODUITS DANS LA MOSQUEE : .............................. 45 4-1-LE MINARET : ........................................................................................................................................ 45 4-1-1-Terminologie : ............................................................................................................................. 45 4-1-2-Symbolique : ............................................................................................................................... 46 4-1-3- Styles de minarets : .................................................................................................................. 46 4-2-LA COUPOLE :....................................................................................................................................... 49 4-2-1-Symbolique du dôme : ............................................................................................................... 49 4-2-2-Rôle thermique de la coupole : ................................................................................................. 50 4-3-L’ARC : ................................................................................................................................................
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