IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH / MAY, 1978 Vol. 52, No. 4 IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 52 (August, 1977-May, 1978) No. l, August, 1977 JORGENSON, R. D., E. K. BOGGESS, J. C. FRANSON, and P. M. GOUGH. Rabies infections in Iowa coyotes ...........• .......•.• . 1 LIGHTNER, L. Environmental heat stress and the development of Schistosoma mansoni in mice . • 5 EGHLIDI, S., W . D. GUTHRIE, and G. L. "'REED. European corn borer: laboratory evaluation of second generation r e sistance in inbred lines of corn by feeding larvae sheath-collar tissues ........ • 9 ELLIS, C. J. Syringeal histology . VII. Unhatched and one-day -old meadowlark (Sturnella sp.) ........ 19 HECK, F. S. The adulterous woman of Camus: counter­ point to Emma Bovary. • . ....... 31 JENSEN, R. D. Some stipitate discomycetes of Iowa . .... 37 WEMPLE, D. K. Tax onomy of Petalostemon, section Carnei (Legu minosae) in the southeastern United States ........................... ........ 53 WHITMER, J. M. JR., L. WOLINS, and L. HART. " Profiles of faculty collective bargaining" at the University of Northern Iowa, Iowa State University and the State University of Iowa ..... 67 Index to Masters' Theses, 1976-77 .............. 99 Index to Doctoral Dissertations . • . • . • . • . 133 MILLER, R. M. Taxonomy and biology of the Nearctic species of Homoneura (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). I. Subgenera Mallochomy za.and Tarsohomoneura ....•.•. 147 No. 2, November, 1977 MILLER, R. M. Taxonomy and biology of the Nearctic species of Homoneura (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Subgenus Homoneura ..•......•.....•....•....•. 1 77 ROGERS, D. L., and W. J. GOUDY. Location of new industrial firms: ana lysis of size of town and firm characteristics. • . • • . 253 ROBINSON, D. The development of Shaw's t_e.acher-hero. • . 261 CORNFORD, E. M. Partial development of the rat tapeworm in parenterally fed hosts . • • • • . • 271 ii No. 3, February, 1978 PATANAKAMJORN, S., W. D. GUTHRIE, and W. R. YOUNG. Proreus simulans: an earwig predator of the European corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis ..•...• 277 PRESTEMON, D. R., W. J. GOUDY, and R. G. POUNDS. Housing attitudes in rural Iowa communities ..•....•..•.•...•.••.••..•..•.•.• 283 LAOSUWAN, P., and R. E. ATKINS. Genetic effects for grain yield and yield components and relationships among agronomic characters in converted exotic sorghums • • • . • • • • • . • . • . • . • . • • • • • . •..• 291 HELGERSON, O. T., and J. C. GORDON. Coalspoil performance of Arnot bristly locust and Crandon hybrid poplar • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • . • . 299 ELLIS, C. J. Syringeal histology. VI 11. Shortbilled marsh wren, Cistothorus platensis stellaris. 307 TAK.LE, E. S., J. M. BROWN, and W. M. DAVIS. Characteristics of wind and wind energy in Iowa 313 BAJUK, L. A. , J. C. GORDON, and L. C. PROMNITZ. Greenhouse evaluation of the growth potential of Alnus glutinosa clones •....••......••.•.•. ; .•... 341 No. 4, May, 1978 GROVE, T. N. Day-spring in the shade: the opening of Milton's Samson Agonistes ....•. ~ . • • . .... 351 F AKORE DE, M. A. B. , and J. J. MOCK. Relationships between grain yield an9 agronomic traits in five maize variety hybrids. • . •... 355 PATANAKAMJORN, S., W. D. GUTHRIE, and W. R. YOUNG. Meridic diets for rearing the tropical corn borer, Ostrinia :(urnacalis ........•.....•....• 361 PATANAKAMJORN, S., W. D. GUTHRIE, and W . R. YOUNG. Biology of the tropical corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, in relation to host plant resistance research . ~ . • . • . • . 371 MAINI, S. , and J. A. KL UN. Portable cold table for immobilizing and handling insects. 387 LEWIS, L. C., and E. S. RAUN. Laboratory and field evaluation of the DD-q6 strain of Neoaplectana carpocapse for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. • • . • . • . • • . • . •••.•. 391 WILLIAMS, D. D. Biacetabulum oregoni sp. n. (Cestoda: Caryophyllae'i.dae) from Catostomus macrocheilus 397 WILLIAMS, D. D. A key to caryophyllidean cestodes . of Iowa fishes 401 iii BEST, L. B., K. L. VARLAND, and R. B. DAHLGREN. Effects of stream channelization on l and-use practic es in Iowa . • . • . • . • 411 CARLANDER, K. D. History of the fish population of Lake Laverne, Iowa State University campus 425 GALEJS, I. Locus of control and social interaction of preschool children . • . • . • . • 435 BREITER, J. A consensual validation of e l ementary social studies objectives, t echniques, and materials 443 BOLES, D. E., and G. L. RUPNOW. The impact of corporate farming and rural l and ownership upon local communities: a bibliographic review .•••.•.••..• 473 IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH/AUGUST, 1977 Vol. 52, No. 1 1-3 RABIES INFECTIONS IN IOWA COYOTES 1 2 3 Richard D. Jorgenson , Edward K. Boggess ,J. Christian Franson , and Patricia M. Gough4 ABSTRACT. Rabies antigen was detected by fluorescent antibody staining in the hippo campus to two of 192 coyotes (Canis latrans) collected from fur buyers in southwestern Iowa. Five of 14 sera samples collected from central Iowa coyotes were positive for rabies antibodies by passive hemagglutination technique, one at a dilution of 1 :16. None of the animals sampled were selected because of suspicion of rabies infection. · INTRODUCTION Rabies infections were once believed to lead inevitably to the death of the infected animal. In recent years, however, evidence has been accumulated (Bell, 1975; Doege and Northrop, 1974; Fenje, 1968) to show that exposure of susceptible hosts to rabies virus may result in a full pathological spectrum ranging from complete prevention of the virus multiplication to clinical disease and death. Fenje (1968) lists the following animals as being capable of retarding multiplication of the virus under some circumstances: mouse, guinea pig, rat, bat, raccoon, opossum, bobcat, skunk, fox, dog, and man. This information is based primarily on serologic testing. Although coyotes (Canis la trans) are the main vectors of rabies .in the province of Alberta, Canada (Maclnnes and Johnston, 1975), coyote rabies appears to have little epidemiologic importance in the United States. Rabies zoonosis surveillance reports from the Center for Disease Contr-01 (1962-1974) list 38,800 cases of sylvatic rabies in the United States. Of these, only 113 were cases of coyote rabies. Moreover, only one major epidemic of rabies in coyotes has been documented. During the period 1915-1917, 286 laboratory-confirmed cases of coyote rabies were recorded in California and Nevada (Humphrey, 1971). In Iowa, two of 1 7 coyotes submitted to state diagnostic laboratories as rabies suspects between the years 1938 and 1975 were identified as positive for rabies (Iowa State Department of Health, 1938-1975). The two positive animals, in 1954 and in 1972, were from counties in extreme southwestern Iowa. This report describes the results of a survey for rabies antigens in brain tissues of Iowa coyotes not suspected of being rabid. Sera from a small sample of coyotes were also examined for evidence of rabies antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS During February and March, 1975, 192 coyote carcasses, in a condition suitable for rabies diagnostic testing, were collected from fur buyers in · Iowa. The exact origin of the animals is unknown; most came from southwestern Iowa, with a few possibly from north­ western Missouri. The coyotes were received frozen and had been dead for less than 2 weeks. Rabies fluorescent antibody (FA) analysis was done on tissue smears made from the brains of these coyotes. Impression smears were fixed and stained according to the standard procedure for identification of rabies virus (Dean and Abelseth, 1973). Specimens were viewed in random order, with positive and negative controls. 1 Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. 2 Department of Animal Ecology, Iowa State University. Present address: Southwest Area Extension Office, 1501 Fulton Terrace, Garden City, Kansas 67846. 3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University. 4 Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University. 2 JORGENSON, BOGGESS, FRANSON, and GOUGH In addition, 14 serum. samples, collected from coyotes captured in central Iowa, were tested by the passive hemagglutination procedure (PHA) (Gough and Dierks, 1971) for the presence of rabies antibody. Brain tissues from these animals were not available to be examined for rabies antigens. Seven of the coyotes had been in captivity for a period of several months. RESULTS Fluorescence was observed in hippocampal smears of two of the 192 coyote brains after FA staining. One coyote was approximately a 7-year-old male and the other one was 5 approximately a 3-year-old male • Both samples were received from the same fur buyer on March 1, 1975. A PHA reaction for antibodies against rabies antigen was detected in five of 14 sera collected from central Iowa coyotes. One sample reacted as positive at a dilution of 1:16; a weak reaction was observed for the other four reacting sera samples. DISCUSSION The coyote may have a more important role as a source of rabies virus than is indicated by either Iowa or national surveillance statistics. Data available from Iowa list 17 coyotes submitted to the state's diagnostic laboratories for rabies examination from 1938 through 1975. Of these only two were identified as rabid. In the survey described in this paper, two of the 192 coyotes were diagnosed as positive for rabies during a single 6-week collection period. These findings have added significance in that the animals were collected during late winter when the prevalence of rabies in