22228 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS GEORGE WASHINGTON SHOULD BE He faced an impossible task. He had to fundamental philosophy and leadership to DESIGNATED GENERAL OF THE mold hundreds of loosely organized New the Revolution. ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES England musketeers and backwoods riiiemen Washington was chairman of the meeting into an army under the guns of the British in Alexandria, Va.., in the summer of 1774 army and navy. that adopted the Fairfax Resolves, the basis On discovering that his supplies amounted of the Continental Association through which HON. MARIO BIAGGI to no more than nine rounds per man, it is the Continental Congress began binding the OF NEW YORK reported that "for half an hour, he did not colonies into a nation utter a. word." It was while sitting in Congress that Wash­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But somehow he did it. He created an army ington heard his name discussed as a. po­ Wednesday, July 9, 1975 out of chaos. Led it from one defeat to an­ tential military commander. He left the other. Kept it going when all others would room so his friends could discuss him with­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, as we just have given up. And won the war. out embarrassment. recently celebrated our 199th birthday George Washington was a peculiar blend The discussion was political. Moderates and are rapidly approaching our Bicen­ of all that made Americans of 1775 cherish wanted a man without dangerous ambitions, tennial it is time for this Nation to begin their independence, fight to secure it and one not likely to take the army and make to honor some of our early patrio~ and win. himself a. dictator. But the man who led the leaders. There is no finer example of such He was truly a.n American creature. He war would be at times virtually a dictator, grew up in a. country that was still new and so he must be trustworthy. an individual than George Washington, raw. He was trained on its frontier, on its The South must be brought to the cause. Commander in Chief of the Revolution­ rich earth and in its business exchanges. A Southern commander might do the trick. ary War forces and first President of Washington as born in Tidewater, Vir­ But he must be one acceptable to the North. the United States. ginia in 1732 when it had passed the fron­ Washington did not openly seek the job, I have introduced a resolution in Con­ tier stage but was not yet as civilized as the which is one of the reasons he got it. Seek­ gress which would designate G~orge urban North. He knew wealth and he knew ing the job would have been immodest. But Washington as General of the Armies. of hard times. He had advantages and influen­ he did wear his military uniform to Congress. the United States. This highly presti­ tial friends, but he was largely self-made. Was that a signal of defiance to the British His father died when George was 11, leav­ or a reminder of his Inilitary record? gious honor has been afforded to only ing him in the care, of a. mother who was He wanted the command, but he wouldn't one other individual in our Nation's his­ protective, possessive, restrictive, jealous and ask for it. He thought it would come to him, tory, Gen. John J. Pershin~ .. Washing­ selfish. Her apron strings were smothering. but he expressed genuine modesty. He was ton's impressive career in m1lltary serv­ All her life, Mary Bell Washington resented, a man ready to be great but not if it meant ice to our Nation must be recognized rather than encouraged, her son's rising star. betraying his deeply felt sense of what a. and can be in no better way than by be­ She felt success made him neglect her-which gentle1nan should be. stowing this honor on him. I urge all of he never did. "Though I am truly sensible of the high my colleagues to join me in support of So George, as boys do, became restless. He honor done me in this appointment," he was a dutiful son, but he spent as much time said, "yet, I feel great dlstress from a con­ this resolution. as possible with his favorite brother, or with sciousness that my ability and military ex­ Mr. Speaker, at this point in the friends and relatives. perience may not be equal to the extensive RECORD, I would like to insert an article By the age of 15 he had become a compe­ and important trust." which appeared in June 29 edition of the tent surveyor who preferred the woods to life Washington began his military career in Long Island Press which outlines the with mother on the farm. Like most Amer­ 1753 with an expedition to a British post on the Allegheny River which had been seized developmen~ which led to Gen. George ican founders, he spent a portion of his life learning from the frontier. by the French. He did little more than bring Washington being named our first Com­ back the message that the French would not mander in Chief: As a boy, Washington almost accepted ap­ pointment as a midshipman in the British give up. But the winter expedition gained THE FIRST COMMANDER IN CHIEF-WASHING­ navy. He was already packed when he backed Washington, at the age of 21, a. reputation TON WAS MAN FOR JOB out "in consequence of the earnest solicita­ as a resourceful and daring leader. (By Don McLeod) tions" of his mother. The next year, during the French and In­ (It was a. quiet Sunday and there was no dian War, Washington ambushed a. French Probably at this early age Washington de­ patrol. He was later trapped at Ft. Necessity pomp and ceremony when George Washing­ veloped the spirit of controlled rebellion in Pennsylvania and forced to surrender. But ton rode into the rebel camp near Boston which also characterized the American na­ his reputation as a warrior, and his good on July 3, 1975 and became the nation's first tion as it sought independence in history's sense, were growing. Anny commander-in-chief. He met his of­ most orderly revolution. When Gen. Edward Braddock led a British ficers and the next day he got down to the Destined for a gentleman's education in army against the French, Washington went business of winning a. revolution.) England, Washington lost his cha.nee a.t the a.long as aide-de-camp. Braddock and most The Continental Congress needed a. man death of his father. He received only what of his men were slaughtered, but Washing­ who could be trusted with the first American would be a. grammar school education today. ton distinguished himself in saving what Army, a. man who was competent but most But he never ceased the process of self­ could be saved of the expedition. of a.11 politically acceptable. It chose George education. The massacre was a horror which Wash­ Washington. Washington's time on the frontier as sur­ ington never forgot, but he drew instruction The future father of his country was not veyor and soldier also gave him that typical from it. Washington had great admiration a dashing figure as he rode into camp 200 American love of the land, particularly the for the British officers, but little for the years ago this week to take command of the virgin forests of the west, which in those days British enlisted soldiers who broke and ran makeshift army besieging the British regu­ extended only to the Appalachians. while the colonials tried to fight. lars in Boston. British interference with the activity of Washington's military record was mor~ speculators and settlers on the western one of survival than victory. He was not frontier, often cited as a. leading cause of the bold, being given to doubt and self-depre­ Revolution, touched Washington personally. THE CHANCE OF ECONOMIC RUIN cation. He took reverses hard. He knew Eventually he inherited his beloved Mount melancholy and gloom. Vernon from his eldest brother, Lawrence, Choosing him as the nation's highest of­ and became a progressive farmer, concerned HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN ficer was a political compromise at best, and with soil conservation and crop diversifica­ OF MARYLAND he knew it. tion-something almost unheard of in the But George Washington, Virginia. planter, America of his day. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gentleman and part-time soldier, also was Unhappy with the handling of his tobacco Thursq,ay, July 10, 1975 proud, steady, determined, and he had a by British agents, who had a monopoly, sense of destiny. If he knew despair, he never Washington planted less tobacco, turned to Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, since be­ gave in to it. simple manufacture, developed a fishery on fore the birth of this century, the Aegis He already had shown the traits that the Potomac River, planted wheat and oper­ has provided Harford County, Md., citi­ would win the · war for him and independ­ zens with comprehensive news coverage ence for the United States. ated a. mill. George Washington, despite the politics As befitted a rising young: man of property, and editorial commonsense. The Worth­ of his appointment, was the man for the job, Washington dabbled in polltics, until it be­ ington family has helped it to grow to be perhaps the only man in America who could came a consuming interest. He served in the the largest weekly publication in Har­ beat the best army in the world with a mote­ Virginia. House of Burgesses and emerged a ford County and notable is John D. ley gaggle of ragged provincials. leader in that rebellious clique that gave Worthington, ill. 22229 July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Williams was a respected member of the His columns are insightful, and one fare, the Ford economists found a total of 80,655,000 tax dependents vs. 71,650,000 non­ faculty of Western Connecticut State recent article especially impressed me. government workers." College since 1951. His leadership as bas­ It tells of the story of a successful busi­ Perhaps many businessmen's feelings have ketball coach for over 10 years became an nesswoman and the warning she offers been strongly expressed by one of Maryland's inspiration to the young men under his for all those who believe that our market most outstanding women, Gertrude Poe, who guidance. He instilled in them the de­ for 31 years has been editor of the Laurel economy is immune to the economic sire to expand their horizons and gave problems government has generated. News Leader. In addition she runs an insur­ ance and real estate business and has been them the encouragement to strive to SITTING ON THE SmELINES the only woman to serve as president of the meet the challenges of adulthood. (By John D. Worthington, III) Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Press Association in He was chairnian of the Department I never cease to be amazed at the vast its long history. of Physical Education at Western Con­ amount of statistical material, which ls ac­ Miss Poe, a longtime friend of mine, stated necticut State College for 5 years, during cumulated on about every subject known her views in an interview in the summer is­ which time his concern with each stu­ to man and the thousands of reports issued sue of Maryland, which has just been pub­ on the information. Someone pays vast sums lished and I couldn't phrase my thoughts dent as individuals earned him the ad­ to research and put the figures together and better. Miss Poe started out as have so many miration of all those with whom he came a fair share of these reports find their way successful people by accepting a five dollar in contact. His devotion to the students through our office; are glanced at and if of a week secretarial job 44 years ago. Her was complemented by a mutual respect no value to us, are promptly dumped into a outstanding abHity earned her a law degree, between the late Mr. Williams and those trash can. her own radio program and phenomenal busi­ who knew him. The influence of this However, one statistical report issued by ness success. She said: man inspired students to seek productive Standard and Poor, a nationally renowned "I think there are many things in this credit rating bureau of the financial world, country that are askew. Our tax situation careers and become important assets to which also dally analyses the U.S. economic particularly needs careful attention; and the communities in which they reside. situation, did interest me and suddenly I our social programs. I'm not a commentator The untimely death of Bill Williams found our newspaper to be in an historically on the national scene. I have only my per­ represents the loss of a highly regarded "elite" group. Standard and Poor states sonal observations and opinions; but being member of the teaching profession and there are now 25,000 U.S. companies with in business for so many years I am well aware a dear friend of the people of Connecti­ sales exceeding $1 million annually, but of of the demands that government makes on cut. His contributions and friendship will this group 21,000 are firms which have been the businessman. His survival is really at long be remembered by Connecticut citi­ founded or created since 1900 and thus are stake if government doesn't do something to only 75 years old or younger. correct the tax situation. zens. Going back in history, Standard and Poor "I believe people, particularly the con­ finds that only 48 firms still in existence cerned taxpayers, are completely frustrated today, and in this select group, were orga­ and skeptical. Trust in government is almost THOMAS J. McLARNEY HONORED nized prior to 1800. In the century between totally bankrupt. Watergate, with all its dis­ 1800 and 1900 thousands upon thousands of illusionments, has crowned this growing cyn­ businesses were founded in the great ex­ icism. Furthermore, hard work is not re­ HON. RONALD A. SARASIN pansion era of our nation, but not hundreds warded by government. It is penalized. Free OF CONNECTICUT of reasons, hundreds fell by the wayside. enterprise struggles to cope with a tangled IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thus Standard and Poor finds that only web of government red tape and increasing 4,323 companies founded in the United States demands while government itself continues Thursday, July 10, 1975 before the turn of this century still are in to encourage dependence on it." Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to operation and have incomes of a million or The frustrations of attempting to cope take this op~ortunity to bring to the at­ more annually today. It is with some pride with government and vast bureaucracy regu­ tention of my colleagues, the unique we find The Aegis included in this select lations could easily become so burdensome group and still "hanging in there" after 119 that many businesses may be forced to throw honor bestowed upon a distinguished years. The two primary reasons we are in up their hands and simply close shop. citizen of Connecticut. this historic category must be attributed to A shining example of the latest govern­ Waterbury's Democratic registrar of the tremendous population growth in Har­ ment control is in the pension field. Agreed voters, Thomas J. McLarney, received ford in recent years and meteoric, seemingly some protection must be afforded an em­ the first Amalia M. Toro Award as Con­ uncontrollable inflation. It ls for certain I ployee in a pension plan, but who could necticut registrar of the year, early in can remember the days of the Great Depres­ have foreseen what was in store for the "little June. The award was created by Miss sion, when my father had his back to the man" and his attempt to give his employees Toro, who was the legal advisor in the wall financially and worked long and hard retirement security by the new pension law. to keep his little newsaper going and rearing Hundreds of small businesses cannot and elections division of the ofiice of the Sec­ three youngsters. will not be able to cope with the massive new retary of State for many years, and re­ However, in 1975 I view with alarm the federal pension law and are simply terminat­ cently has been elevated to a judgeship. future for the private business climate and ing their plans. We have 26 longtime em­ Miss Toro made the presentation at a in particular rules, regulations, taxation, ployees in our plan and we must give careful meeting of registrars of voters in Wind­ controls, and the insurmountable amount of consideration whether it will be feasible or sor Locks, and commented that Mr. Mc­ paperwork imposed upon businesses by gov­ economloa.lly possible to meet the federal Larney, a personal friend, had been in­ ernment. Can the private sector survive and demands. We aren't General Motors! valuable in the advice he offered on the in particular thousands of small companies The best advice I can give is get a job with which must comply exactly as America's government and wait for inevitable bank­ operations of elections laws. giant corporations? ruptcy to abolish your job. It's happening in As one of the foremost experts on elec­ In recent months I have noticed a growing New York City and it's going to happen else.­ tion laws in Connecticut, Mr. McLarney's trend in publication after publication which where unless things change and it's about advice on election procedures is held in points out the excessive spending of govern­ time everyone begins to realize that gov­ high esteem in the State. As my col­ ment and the ever growing number of em­ ernment cannot finance everything! leagues are well aware, every ruling in ployees. Even President Ford is calling for this aspect of government has political Congress to use restraint, but to little avail. Look at the facts. Today one out of every overtones, but Waterbury's Democratic registrar of voters has earned the repu­ five American jobholders is employed by gov­ WILLIAM C. WILLIAMS-DISTIN­ ernment, which means 15 million work for tation throughout Connecticut as one the federal, state, or local governments. GUISHED CONNECTICUT CITIZEN who manages this public ofiice in an im­ Thus, 30 cents of each dollar of personal DIES partial, nonpartisan manner. The deep income generated in this country now comes respect in which he is held has prompted from government. HON. RONALD A. SARASIN regular consultations by registrars and A little article which appeared in News­ town clerks of both political parties from week certainly is worth reprinting because OF CONNECTICUT all parts of the State. On several occa­ it is so astounding. It states: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Taxpayers have long suspected it, but it sions he has been an irreplaceable asset took a set of economists at Ford Motor Co. Thursday, July 10, 1975 to the office of the Secretary of State, to come up with proof: there are more peo­ Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, it is with and has provided personal assistance to ple being supported by tax dollars than there deep sadness that I call to the attention local officials and even members of the are workers in the private sector to support General Assembly by explaining elec- them. Adding up government employees, the of those assembled here the recent pass- m111tary on active duty, the d.lsa.bled and ing of William C. (Bill) Williams, a most tions procedures. unemployed, the retired and those on wel- distinguished citizen of Connecticut. Mr. The experienced and impartial service 2.2230 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 unselfishly provided by this outstanding We a.re most grateful. tion by the U.S. Government to the costs public official has benefited everyone in Gina Cerruto, HewLtt SChool, Grade 5, age of constructing an appropriate memorial Waterbury and all citizens of the State. 11, 33 Nottingham Rd., Rockville Centre, statue of John A. "Snowshoe" Thomp­ It is with the utmost admiration that I N.Y. 11570. son, an early carrier of the U.S. mail and join Mr. McLarney's colleagues and the Today Congressman John Wydler of the a pioneer of skisport in this country. people of Connecticut in recognizing the 5th Congressional District 1s here with us "Snowshoe" Thompson, primarily on capabilities and accomplishments of this to donate a United States :flag to our school his own initiative, carried the U.S. man. His public service has brought a which we will proudly preserve for many mail for some 20 years during the greater sense of dignity to every election years. The student council and all of Hewitt second half of the 19th century over in the State of Connecticut. School thank you very much for your dona­ a 90-mile route between Placerville, tion, Mr. Congressman. Since this weekend was Flag Day, I will give Calif., and Genoa, Nev., through the a. history of the American :flag. snow-clad Sierra Nevada Mountains. He HEWITT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Around 350 years ago, almost all the peo­ negotiated this dangerous route by HONORS 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF ple living in America were Indians. People traveling on homemade skis-which he OUR NATION began to come from other countries, mostly called snowshoes--over treacherous from England. They brought with them the mountains and through rugged drifts of English :flag, which was blue with big red snow during the winter months of the HON. JOHN W. WYDLER and white stripes crossing in the middle. year. OF NEW YORK Other people from different countries be­ gan coming to America, and all different kinds By this act of bravery, "Snowshoe" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of :flags originated. But soon the English alone maintained communication with Thursday, July 10, 1975 brought people under their rule with fighting. the outside world for the otherwise to­ At that time America was composed of the Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, recently tally isolated residents of the Carson 13 colonies. Years passed, and the members Valley and maintained vital mail service I had the great honor and pleasure of ap­ of the colonies began to think they were between East and West through the deep pearing at the Hewitt Elementary School being treated unfairly by the English. War in Rockville Centre, New York. The oc­ broke out between America and England. winter snow blanket over the Sierra casion was a celebration thought of and This was the American Revolution. Nevada. arranged by the students in honor of the The American :flag was, at that time, com­ "Snowshoe" was never duly compen­ 200th birthday and anniversary of our posed of a small replica of the English flag sated for this service in delivering the Nation. in the top left-hand corner (where the stars U.S. mail under these near unbearable are now), and 13 red and white stripes, each conditions, and in February of 1869, the I was asked to come and personally standing for a colony. present a flag to the school which had State Legislature of Nevada adopted and In the beginning of the war they were in sent to the U.S. Congress a resolution been flown over the Capit ol. I certainly dire need of a good general. They found one. was pleased to do so, and I want to thank His name, George Washington. asking for an appropriation of $6,000 "to Jonathan Lamstein for the speech and There is a legend about the origin of the compensate J. A. Thompson for carrying introduction he made for that day and present U.S. flag. It goes: the U.S. mail from Placerville, Calif., to Gina Cerruto for her concluding remarks Betsy Ross was sewing in her upholstery Carson Valley." Although this resolution thanking me for the presentation. Dur­ shop in June of 1776, waiting for a customer. was considered and reported by the Sen­ Soon she was surprised to see General George ate Committee on Post Offices and Post­ ing the ceremonies remarks were offered Washington walk in with Robert Morris of by Jeff Oxman on the meaning of Flag Roads in 1872 (Cf. Report No. 73, 42d Philadelphia and George Ross, her late hus­ Congress, 2d Session), Congress h ad not Day. I wish to spread them on the REC­ band's uncle. ORD for my colleagues in Congress. General Washington told Betsy that they yet acted upon it when "Snowshoe" died Congressman Wydler, Deputy Mayor were a committee appointed by Congress to on May 15, 1876. Brown, Dr. Byers, Dr. Ceresti, Dr. Long, ask her if she could make a new :flag to har­ Recently a joint effort has been under­ guests, teachers and students: Today we are monize the 13 stripes on it already. taken by the United States Ski Associ­ very fortunate to have a.s our honored guest "This is what I had in mind," he said. He ation, the Far West Ski Association, the Congressman Wydler, Representative of the took out a sketch he had made of a square Snowshoe Thompson Chapter of the 5th Congressional D1striot of New York flag with 13 stars and 13 stripes, the 13 stars Sons of Norway, and the National Office State. Congressman Wydler was born in replacing the English part of the flag. of the Sons of Norway to memorialize Brooklyn, attended Long Beach Public Mrs. Ross suggested the flag shouldn't Schools, and went to Brown University, be square, but longer in width, and that the "Snowshoe" Thompson by construction where, at the end of his junior year, he stars should be in a circle. She also didn't of a 10-foot statue of him made of transferred to Harvard Law School. like the 6-pointed stars in the sketch and welded, polished, alloy steel to be placed He was first elected to Congress is 1962 suggested 5 points. on a 10-foot pedestal near the Western a.nd has been re-elected six times as Nassau General Washington took all three of her American Skisport Museum at Boreal County Congressman. He has held many im­ suggestions, and soon a sample :flag was sub­ Ridge in California. The statue will de­ portant positions in our national govern­ mitted to Congress. pict "Snowshoe" on skis with his mail­ ment. Presently he is cha: ~man of the Nassau Historians believe that this is a myth be­ County Republican Oommittee. cause the journal of Congress doesn't say bag and customary single ski pole, hat, Congressman Wydler has received honors anything about Washington's trip to the and high boots. The memorial has al­ from many professional and religious home of Betsy Ross. ready been commissioned to be created groups: American Institute of Aeronautics, Since then one star has been added for by Artist-Sculptor Angus Kent Lamar Italian Executives of America, Distinguished each state added to the United States. The of Chickasha, Okla. The project has been Service. Award, Jewish National Fund, Out­ 13 stripes have remained on the :flag to sym­ officially endorsed by the Nevada Ameri­ standing Public Service Award. Believe me bolize the orlgin!l.l 13 colonies. The 48-star can Revolution Bicentennial Commission there are many, many more! flag with six rows of eight stars each has been and the American Revolution Bicenten­ We asked Congressman Wydler to be with the one flag that has stayed the longest, from us today to present us a :flag that flew over 1912 to 1959. nial Commission of California. the Capitol. It ls now my privilege to introduce Con­ The memorial is slated to be dedicated We thank him for taking time from his gressman John W. Wydler. on May 15, 1976, that date marking the very busy schedule to be with us today. JEFFREY OXMAN, lOOth anniversary of "Snowshoe" Thank you, Congressman Wydler. Rockville Centre, N.Y. Thompson's death. Jonathan Lamstein, 403 Hempstead Ave., My bill would provide for a contribu­ Rockville Centre, N.Y. 11570, Hewitt School, tion of $6,000-the amount the Nevada Hempstead a.nd Demott Avenue. Legislature petitioned the Congress for The Student Council would like t,o thank "SNOWSHOE" THOMPSON everyone for being here for the presentation as compensation to Thompson-from the of our new school flag. U.S. Treasury to go toward the creation A special thanks goes to the fourth grade HON. ALPHONZO BELL of this memorial. chorus, Deputy Mayor Brown, Dr. Byers, Dr. OF CALIFORNIA Mr. Speaker, of interest in this con­ Seresty and Dr. Long. nection is an article dealing with "Snow­ A very, very special thanks and apprecia­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shoe" Thompson written by Evelyn Dan­ tion goes to our representative from the Thursday, July 10, 1975 berg Teal for the 1960 Winter Olympics Congressional District of New York State, Congressman Wydler, for presenting to our Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I am to~ay and a story which appeared in Hutch­ school, the flag that has flown over the Capi­ introducing a House joint resolution t.o ings' California magazine in February tol in Washington, D.C. authorize Federal funds as a contribu- 1857, both of which follow: .Juiy 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

SNOWSHOE THOMPSON-HE GOT THE MAIL months seeillS peculiarly the great battle reached a deserted cabin in that valley, and THROUGH-ON SKIS OVER THE SIERRAS! ground of the winds and the storm. ' struck a. fire. Mr. Thompson being anxious (By Evelyn Dangberg Teal) The great depth of the snows upon the to press on, told his companions that he Sierras, renders their passage by pack ani­ would go ahead and stay over night at an­ As skiers arrive from around the world for the 1960 Winter Olympics in the Sierra mals not only difficult but dangerous, and other cabin about a mile ahead, and that Nevada Mountains, few of them will be often for months together wholly impracti­ they could overtake him in the morning. Al­ aware of an obscure grave at the base of the cable. To remedy this great inconvenience though anxious to stop, rather than separate eastern slopes not far distant. Inscribed on and secure to the people of the valleys a from him, they determined to go on that the headstone of this grave in Genoa, Nevada regular correspondence with California west night, and once more they all started off. are the words: "John A. Thompson ... Gone of the mountains, a proposition was made About midnight they reached the cabin and but not forgotten." by Mr. John A. Thompson, a Norwegian by found everything dark and the door closed. birth, to convey the mails semimonthly Mr. Thompson, not expecting to find any It was January 1856 that Mr. Thompson, later known as "Snowshoe" Thompson, began without regard to the depth of the snow. one in, however, knocked and "halloed," his first trip on homemade skis a.cross the The proposition was accepted and we here when, to his surprise, a voice answered from Sierra Nevada Mountains, carrying the mall present him mounted upon the true Nor­ within. On entering, Mr. Thompson found a on his back. Twice monthly for the duration wegian snow skates, of which, a knowledge man lying alone upon the floor in that dreary of 20 years he faithfully and punctually per­ of their construction and use he had re­ spot, without other covering than the clothes formed this task. tained from the memory of boyhood, having he wore, and the boots frozen to his feet. Mr. Thompson was born in Norway, left his native land at the age of ten years. In this deplorable condition, he had been Entirely unlike the snow shoes of the lying for twelve days, with nothing to sustain April 30, 1827. His father made him his first pair of skis (which he called snowshoes) North American Indian or the people of the life but raw flour. His feet were completely and taught him the means of survival in Canadas, well adapted as they are to a loose frozen, and will both have to be amputated snow coun try. As a young man he emigrated light snow and a level country, the snow below the knee. His sufferings must, accord­ to California where he first tried gold min­ skates are peculiarly adapted to the rugged ing to the statement of Mr. Thompson, have ing, then took up farming. features of our mountains and the damp been indescribable, and yet he bore them One day he read of people living east of compact snows that annually accumulate with the fortitude of a martyr and scarcely the Sierra Nevadas who were completely upon them. permitted a murmur to escape him. Although isolated from the outside world during the The skate consists of a single piece of death would soon have terminated his agony, winter's snow. Again and again, the paper strong, stiff wood, from six to seven and a he still had a lingering hope that Providence stated, petitions were sent to the United half feet in length, that turning up in front might direct Mr. Thompson by his cabin, States Government to keep the mails com­ six or eight inches terminates in a point, six and thus save him. Had not Mr. T. gone on ing through. So far this had not been pos­ inches in width on the bottom at the bend that night, he would probably have passed sible. After considering the situation, and gradually tapering backward to four the ca.bin in the morning without stopping. Thompson decided that here was something inches in width. It is flat on the bottom, the The sufferer proved to be James Sisson, the he could do for the adopted country he so top oval or rounded except about a foot in partner of Mr. Hawley, about six miles above revered-he would carry the mail on snow­ length where the foot rests. a llttle back of Placerville. He had been engaged in the pack­ shoes. Very reluctantly the Placervllle post­ the center; here it is an inch and a half in ing business, and left for Carson Valley on master finally gave his consent to what thickness, from thence tapering to a half an snow shoes some two weeks previous. The seemed such .a foolhardy proposal. inch or less at either end. storm overtook him on his way, and his feet Snowshoe had to make his way over an The only fastening ls a single strap over becoming frozen, it was with great difficulty uncharted route completely burled under 30 the toe of the boot admitting of the freest he reached his cabin or trading post. On ar­ or more feet of snow without the aid of possible motion to the feet and ankles. In riving there he found his matches so wet compass or map, keeping in the right direc­ making progress the skate is only raised from that he could not strike a light, and thus he tion only by holding to the high ridges. The the snow when it is desired to make a shorter remained for four days, when he discovered greatest peril he had to face were the turn than would otherwise be possible. On a box of matches in his cabin which fur­ savage, blinding blizzards. Beef jerky and a uphill or level surfaces the skates are placed nished him a fire. He then attempted to cut biscuits sufficed him for food; handfuls of parallel to each other and pushed forward his boots off his feet, but could not succeed; snow, scooped up as he ran, quenched his alternately with each about the length of an and nothing remained for him but to await thirst. Since exercise kept him warm, he ordinary step, but the impetus given causes either succor or death. carried neither blanket nor coat. When he them to slide further than this, whlle upon On the 24th, Mr. Thompson started for felt he needed sleep, he built a fire for descending surfaces they run with great ease Carson Valley, and on Christmas day got five warmth and for protection from animals. and rapidity, and when the declivity is very men to agree to accompany him back to Lake His timetable called for three days going and great, making it necessary to check the mo­ Valley. He rigged them out with snow shoes, two returning; the distance, 90 miles; the tion by throwing the weight of the skater made after the pattern of his own, and tak­ posts, from Placerville (old Hangtown), Cali­ upon a double handed staff, six feet in ing with them a sled upon which to haul the fornia to Genoa, Nevada, then a part of the length, forced into the snow upon one side sufferer they started back on the 26th. They Utah Territory. as showed in the cut. With these skates Mr. reached the trading post that night, and laid Snowshoe's winter mail route became Thompson, heavily laden, travels over the over during the 27th, in consequ ence of the famed throughout the West. He was respected otherwise almost inaccessible snow-clad severe weather-another snow being falling. for his courage and venerated for saving cllffs, and gorges of the Sierras, a distance On the 28th, they packed Mr. Sisson on the many people from cold death in the of from thirty to forty miles a day, thus sled, and thus, with great labor, succeeded mountains. bearing the sealed tidings, doubtless of hope in conveying him safely to Carson Valley, Today Snowshoe is remembered in many or disappointment, happiness or grief to where the sufferer is now lying in the care ways: The annual Sierra Snowshoe Thompson many. of Dr. Dagget. Mr. Thompson, on his return Memorial Ski Race, the valleys carrying It is a feature of our inland transit unique will take with him some chloroform which uames he gave them-Faith, Hope, Charity, in itself, and as far as tt relates to the Amer­ will be administered to the patient and his and Diamond. And in the Congressional files ican Continent, we believe peculiarly Call­ feet amputated, as it was not deemed ad­ in Washington can be found the records of fornian. visable to attempt the operation without this a bill passed by the House authorizing the As showing to some extent the perils and agency. payment of $6,000 for Mr. Thompson's serv­ dangers incident to a winter passage of the In Carson Valley, Mr. Thompson fell in ices over 20 years. Before action could be Sierra Nevada, we subjoin the following in­ with Col. Wm. Rogers, who had gone over taken on the bill in the Senate, Snowshoe teresting account from the Sac. Union. from Hope Valley, and from him he learned Thompson died at the age of 49 on May 15, J. A. Thompson, the Expressman of the that one of his copper miners, named Benj. 1876. Sierra Nevada Mountains, called upon us Fenwick, formerly from Virginia, had been yesterday, upon the completion of his second frozen to death on the 15th of December. [From the Hutchings' California Magazine, The deceased had gone to Carson Valley and February 1857] trip this winter to Carson Valley, and placed us in possession of some highly in terestlng was returning home, when the cold over­ CROSSING THE SIERRAS particulars connected therewith. This trip powered him, at a distance of three hundred The recent rapid settlement of that great ls pecullarly interesting, from the fact that yards from Col. Rogers' house. He seated belt of fertile valleys lying along the eastern it was made on his Norwegian snow shoes, himself upon the snow, with his body in an base of the Sierra Nevada range of California, seven and a half feet long, over snow which, upright position, and thus perished. Five has made necessary the extension of mail at some points, he was unable to fathom. days after, a dog which had accompanied facilities to that inland world in advance of About three miles above Placerville he him approached the house, emaciated and any provision for that purpose by the agents came to the snow, having left that plac~ on starved. The occupants of the house, follow­ of the general government. Previous to the the 20th of December. He was accompanied ing the track of the dog, which faithful ani­ winter of 1854-5 the inhabitants of these by two men who had awaited his going, and mal also followed them back, found the body valleys for three or four months of the year, at this point they all put on their snow of Fenwick as described. From the indica­ were closed in by almost inaccessible snow­ shoes. The weather was clear, but cold, and tions, it was manifest the dog had not left clad mountains on the west, and on the east the party made Lake Valley without any the body of his master during that time, but by a vast extent of desert country stretching incident worthy of note. had crouched upon his lap, until driven away toward Salt Lake, that during the winter On the night of the 23d December, they by starvation or a higher instinct. That the 22232 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1975 devoted animal should have escaped freezing The occupational and economic causes of cerned parents, the :::!:ast Harlem Block is somewhat remarkable. heal th problems among rural people are in­ Schools provide quality, individualized Mr. Thompson left Carson Valley on Mon­ tensified by conditions in the rural commu­ day, January 5th, and arrived in this city nity. Nearly 60 percent of the substandard education to the children while also yesterday morning, the 9th. At Big Canon housing in the United States, that is housing assisting parents in continuing their the snow was four feet deep; at Hope Valley, la.eking plumbing or severely overcrowded, studies. five feet; at Luthers' Pass, six feet; at Lake is found in rural areas. As of 1970, the Farm­ I believe the success of the East Har­ Valley, five feet; and in the pass on John­ ers Home Administration estimated that over lem Block Schools can serve as a model son's Summit, he sounded a depth of ten 30,000 rural communities were in need of for other communities. At this time, I feet without reaching bottom. He estimates new or improved water systems. am pleased to include in the RECORD an the depth of snow for eight miles this side Approaches to meeting rural health needs account of the East Harlem Block of Slippery Ford at twelve feet. vary widely and generally involve two com­ Schools from the New York Times: ponents, local organization and Federal or state funding. The role of local organizing is A SCHOOL PARENTS CREATED IN EAST HARLEM to make sure that the health delivery sys­ STil.L THRIVES RURAL HEALTH CARE NEEDS NOT tem is designed to meet local heal th needs (By Richard Flaste) while providing acceptable working condi­ A group of Spanish-speaking parents began BEING MET tions for medical practitioners. in East Harlem Block Schools as a day care Doctors, for example, tend to prefer a group center in 1965. As their children reached practice rather than tolerate the long hours school age, the parents were fearful of send­ HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS and lack of opportunity for consultation ing them into public school, so with public OF CALIFORNIA which accompany the solo physician. Group and private funds, they started a first grade-­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES practices, however, require larger service the parents making up about two-thirds of areas and therefore better coordinated out­ the staff, serving as techers, custodians and Thursday, July 10, 1975 reach and transportation facilities. supervisors, and hiring professionals to join Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, as a Repre­ State and Federal funds have made it pos­ them. sible for many communities to construct Then they asked, where are the first-grad­ sentative from a predominately rural modern clinics and obtain the services of ers going to go? So the next year they started district, I am quite aware of the serious medical students, nurse practitioners and a second grade. And every succeeding year problems rural citizens are having with former medical corpsmen. A number of mod­ they made plans for another grade. Until now. respect to obtaining health care. From els show some promise as techniques to en­ "We don't want to take on any more strug­ conversations I have had with people courage doctors to locate in rural areas. gles than we can handle," say~ Judith Ma­ from urban areas, it is obvious that many The lack of medical personnel, however, caulay, a parent and executive director of people are unaware of the crisis we have will only be solved when incentives for lo­ the school. This year, when the 15 eighth­ in obtaining enough doctors to work in cating in underserved areas are made a pa.rt graders {there are now 187 children in the of the training of all doctors and when a school) graduate from junior high, it will rural areas. larger percentage of medical school gradu­ be more like a cord-cutting ceremony than As we consider the Health Manpower ates specialize in the fa.Inily practice medi­ anything else. Those 15-some of whom have Act, H.R. 5546, I would like to bring to cine most needed in rural communities. almost no experience with other schools-will the House's attention, a good, brief It is a bleak picture and one that is only be leaving the school their parents run for article on rural health care problems vaguely addressed by government or private places their parents know little about. which appears in the current issue of programs. Federal legislation to establish ON SCHOLARSHIP Catholic Rural Life magazine. The Health Maintenance Organizations has only The children have been accepted, on full article follows: 20 percent of its funding earmarked for non­ or partial scholarship, at such private schools metropolitan areas. A similar non-metro­ as Riverdale, Calhoun and New Lincoln. FAMILY PRACTICE MEDICINE Is A CRITICAL politan requirement applies to Comprehen­ Some of them will be going to specialized RURAL NEED sive Health Planning, Emergency Medical public high schools--Stuyvesa.nt, Music and (By Stephen Bossi) Services, and other Federal health care pro­ Art, Fashion Industries. One of the key factors detracting from the grams. Studies indicate that even this dis­ There's a real sense of relief around the quality of life in rural America is the low proportionately low standard is not being block school these days. Kenneth Dawson, standard of health care. By nearly every cri­ met. the educational director of the day school terion, health services in rural areas fall be­ Efforts to get physicians to locate in rural (grades 1 through 8), was talking this winter low the national average. There are fewer areas have not been very successful. The Na­ about "what an anxious time this is for us." doctors, nurses, and dentists in proportion to tional Health Service Corps, which places But now he is aglow with optimism. population, lower quality of medical fac111- medical school graduates in underserved "This range of schools is unheard of for ties, and less funding available with which areas for two years, found only 40 out of the East Harlem children," he said. "We've man­ to address these needs. 140 "volunteers" whose tours ended in 1974 aged to keep them away from the huge A few statistics tell the story. In 1973, wanted to stay in their service communities. schools that are impersonal and dangerous." there were 138 counties in the United States As of the end of 1973, the AMA Physicians' Mrs. Macaulay, whose son, Kevin, is one which had no active physician. According Placement Service had 1,570 pending "op­ of the graduates and headed for Stuyvesant to the American Medical Association, rural portunities for practice" of which 72 per­ talks about the admissions to prestigious people in more sparsely populated areas cent were in communities or areas of under schools as "the kind of tangible evidence "have only about one-half the access to phy­ 100,000 population. of what we've been doing that some people sicians, nurses, dentists, hospital beds, and have been looking for." other health resources when compared with Lydia Rios, whose daughter, Karen, is going the rest of the Nation." to Music and Art, has already started miss­ As a result, rural people have a lower rate EAST HARLEM BLOCK SCHOOLS ing her. of contact with physicians and dentists, Mrs. Rios has been a recruiter for the averaging 3 visits per person per year for men school, an assistant teacher and is now a in farm areas and 3.7 visits for rural women. parent coordinator, which means that she This compares with 4.2 and 5.4 visits respec­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL acts as liaison between teachers and parents. tively !or their urban counterparts. The dis­ OF NEW YORK She was recalling the other day how close crepancy for visits to specialists is even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES she's felt to her daughter at school. greater. "I'm over at the school almost every day The problem, however, is much more seri­ Thursday, July 10, 1975 giving feedback to the teachers," she said. ous than this data tends to indicate. The Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, at a time "I always get a chance to say hello to Karen, higher percentages of poor and elderly peo­ and I eat lunch with her. It's going to be ple in rural areas tends to further increase when our public schools appear unable hard not seeing her around the block school the need for medical attention. to provide quality education to all our anymore." The many medical problems that accom­ children, it is encouraging to see com­ Anna Rivera, an assistant teacher in pany inadequate diets, substandard housing, munity involvement and commitment to seventh grade, also talked about the close­ poor education in hygiene, and old age put establishing alternative educational sys­ ness. Her daughter, Irene, got confused on special demands on rural health care delivery tems. The East Harlem Block Schools, a test recently, and she met her mother in systems. Moreover, rural occupations tend now in their 10 years, represent just such the hall and "was able to tell me right then to be particularly hazardous with mining and an accomplishment. and there that she was upset. So I told her agriculture near the top o! the list 1n terms Originally established as a day care you have to make mistakes sometimes. She o! on-the-job deaths and accidents. Such cried for a few minutes and then got over statistics explain why the life expectancy of center to provide child care services to it. migrant farmworkers, one particularly de­ the families of East Harlem, the block "My daughter is very strong," Mrs. Rivera pendent group o! rural people, is 20 yea.Ts schools have expanded and now reach said. And just as she's proud of her daughter, less than national average. the eighth grade. A creation of con- her daughter is proud of her, because of the July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22233 way Mrs. Rivera has gone back to taking The students seem less sad about the leave­ EXEMPLAR OF EXCELLENCE classes as well as teaching them. taklng than do the parents. Karen Rios, for There are no academic requirements for one, ls sure her mother will continue he:r parents to begin as assistant teachers at a schooling-attending meetings at Music and base salary of $6,500, with increases based on Art, dropping in when she can. HON. GUY VANDER JAGT years of experience and level of schooling. "I know she'll be there," Karen said, "she OF MICHIGAN But the parents do go on to get high school always has been." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES equlvalency diplomas through the block school, and then many of them, including Thursday, July 10, 1975 Mrs. Rivera, take college courses and work­ Mr. VANDERJAGT. Mr. Speaker, on shops with an eye on certification. June 28 distinguished Americans from Bank Street College is working with the LET'S BREAK UP BIG OIL diverse fields of endeavor were honored school, so while children are studying in one of the school's storefront classrooms on Mad­ by the American Academy of Achieve­ ison Avenue or in an old movie studio on ment in Evansville, Ind. Fifth Avenue and 109th Street, the mothers HON. RONALD M. MOTTL Among the deserving recipients of the oan sometimes be found in a room at the OF OHIO Golden Plate Award was an' individual school's headquarters on East 111 th street, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES known personally by many of us in this sitting arounc;l a table, taking a course in ed­ Thursday, July 10, 1975 Chamber-C. Carney Smith, CLU, ex­ ucation. Forty parents (no fathers are in ecutive vice president of the 130,000- the program) are now taking the courses. Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, during the member National Association of Life None has yet received certification. The adult recent recess, I found many of my con­ Underwriters. program is free, although there is tuition for stituents bitter and angry about the the children in the school, $10 a month. The academy, a nonprofit group dedi­ Beyond the tangible rewards of their own machinations of the big oil companies. cated to the inspiration of youth by pro­ education, the school has given the parents I am convinced that a majority of the viding contact between successful lead­ the chance to be effective. American people view these economic ers in all fields with students who have Mlllagros Lopez remembers how when her giants as enemies of the public which, distinguished themselves in school, pre­ older boy, now 23, was in third grade she by manipulating production and prices, sented the Golden Plate Award to Mr. tried to find out why he was not being taught pick the pockets of consumers to a multi­ Smith as an "exemplar of excellence" in math, only reading. She says it took her two billion-dollar tune, and also disrupt our months to gain access to the teacher on the life insurance business and com­ "open school day." Mrs. Lopez found out that entire economy. munity service. the teacher simply felt uncomfortable with The Federal Government has appar­ It is with a particular sense of pride math. ently failed to curb the excesses of these ·that I note Carney Smith is a native of HAS BEEN INVOLVED corporate giants. There has been no the great State of Michigan. He received At the block school, where her son, Kevin, effective action to limit the unrestrained his B.A. degree at Western Michigan and ls now in seventh grade, she has no fear of power of the major oil e-0mpanies since M.A. degree from the University of limited access-she's been intimately in­ 1911, when the old Standard Oil Trust Michigan. He received an honorary volved with the workings of the school, as was dissolved. Since then, the oil and gas doctor of laws from Alma College. an assistant teacher and now as health coor­ industry has come under the domination dinator. He did social work, taught speech and "The school," Anna Rivera says, "has of a group of monster-sized companies forensics at Flint, Mich., high school taught me how to get involved. I can say each of which is greater in many respects and Alma College, and was a regional what I feel and see the changes happen." than the original Standard Oil Trust. director for the American National Red Despite all the glowing things people say The Federal Trade Commission and Cross during World War II before enter­ about the school, there have been some Federal Power Commission have repeat­ ing the life insurance business in 1946. unhappy times. Some parents took their edly reported such misconduct as the He joined the National Association of children out for a time (only to return them major oil companies violating this anti­ later) in the early years when organization Life Underwriters in 1963 after a note­ might have been a bit shaky. And the scar­ trust laws and, in effect, going on strike worthy career as general agent for the city of funds, which has held up paychecks against the public by refusing to tap Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co., in on occasion, has also limited the facilities. huge natural gas reserves until prices Washington, D.C. Duane Ross, an eighth-grader who wants are deregulated--despite the threat that Mr. Smith is past president of the Dis­ to be a scientist, loves the school but wishes natural gas shortages will cause wide­ trict of Columbia Association of Life it had better science courses and equipment. spread unemployment and discomfort. Underwriters, Chapter of the American He also wanted to take French, but the school In many respects, the corporate czars Society of Chartered Life Underwriters, doesn't teach it. of the petroleum industry seem to be This year's budget for the day school was Estate Planning Council, and General just under $400,000, paying for teachers, ad­ more powerful than the Federal Gov­ Agents and Managers Association. He is ministrators, family services and the college ernment. They seem to flout the anti­ a past national president of the General program. One-fifth of the money came from trust laws with impunity. Agents and Managers Conference of the Federal Government, the rest was from The existing government agencies­ NALU and currently a trustee of the Life funds and corporations. including the Department of Justice­ Underwriter Training Council and treas­ An area that seems to have remained free are either unable or unwilling to cope urer of the Million Dollar Round Table of strife, despite what one might expect, ls with these gargantuan trespassers. the relationship among paraprofessionals, Foundation. professionals and parents who are not on the I have written several letters to Attor­ He is a recipient of the John Newton staff. Mr. Dawson, one of the professionals, ney General Edward Levi, urging him to Russell Memorial Award, the highest in­ attributes that to the absence of "false re­ expedite the antitrust prosecutions of dividual honor accorded by the life in­ spect." the major oil companies. His response has surance business; the Bernard L. Wilner He says that "parents are hiring profes­ been a brushoff. Award of the D.C. Association of Life sionals because they value their skills," and Therefore, I am introducing a con­ Underwriters; and the distinguished since they are free to fire them they feel in current resolution which would ask the alumni award of Western Michigan control and more comfortable in taking ad­ President to appoint a Special Prosecutor vice. University. The students think highly of the profes­ and empanel a special grand jury to in­ Mr. Smith is a noted writer and speak­ sional teachers, too--they've had dinner with vestigate the petroleum industry and its er on life and health insurance, sales them, slept over at their houses. And the idea practices which violate antitrust regu­ management, and the free economic of leaving such a friendly atmosphere had lations and other laws. system. caused a bit of apprehension. If you support this concept, I invite His community service includes Irene Rivera thought the world away from you to join in cosponsoring the resolu­ tenure as district governor of Lions In­ East Harlem would be hostile. She went to tion when it is reintroduced. A copy of ternational, director of the District of orientation at Calhoun, afraid they might the resolution may be obtained from my say, "that they're white, and Calhoun ls a Columbia Chapter of the American Red high class place and I'm different." office on request. Cross, and trustee of the Detroit In­ But she was "very surprised" at how orien­ To add your name and prestige to the stitute of Technology, and People-to­ tation turned out. "They were very nice," list of sponsors, please telephone Alice People International. He is listed in she said, "and they didn't really stare at Katona of my staff at 225-5731 by Who's Who in America and is a member you." July 30. of the Washington, D.C., and New York 22234 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 City University Clubs, Congressional interesting than stocks and bonds, Law HEW SECRETARY PRAISES Country Club, Capitol Hill Club, and found that his interest in the business lay INVENTOR JINOTTI in drilling. Circumnavigatiors Club and the West­ He left the comapny in 1935 to form minister Presbyterian Church in Alex­ Falcon Drilling Co., later become Falcon andria. Seaboard Drilling Co. when it was discovered HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN there was already a Falcon Drilling Co. in OF NEW JERSEY Texas. TED LAW, AN OUTSTANDING Associated with him in founding the com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOUSTONIAN pany were C. w. Alcorn and J. L. Stauss. Thursday, July 10, 1975 The company started out with two rigs, one in West Texas and the other in the Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, for many Victoria area southwest of Houston. years I have known that one of my con­ HON. BILL ARCHER Law, then 25, ran the Victoria end of the stituents, Walter Jinotti, of 10 Scott OF TEXAS business and Alcorn the West Texas end. Street, New Brunswck, N.J., was a tal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Falcon's first drilling job was in the ented inventor of medical devices, in­ Thursday, July 10, 1975 Placedo Field in Victoria County, Texas. cluding a new blood pump for transfu­ Despite its modest start, it wasn't long sions and an improved method of provid­ Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I recently before Falcon Seaboard Driling was on the road to becoming one of the largest drilling ing relief to persons suffering from sinus had the opportunity to read in the conditions. And there will be more, in­ Petroleum Independent magazine an ar­ firms in the business. By the end of World War II, it was operat­ cluding an invention to be announced ticle about an outstanding man from ing over 40 land rigs. soon. Houston, Tex. Mr. Ted Law truly is one I could see a. future in the drllilng busi­ It was especially gratifying to read of the finest individuals I have ever met. ness if you could hang on long enough," that a member of President Ford's Cab­ I thought my colleagues in Congress Law says. . inet, HEW Secretary Caspar W. Wein­ would benefit by reading about him. Things went well for Law and his partners berger, and the Assistant Secretary for TED LAW, AN OUTSTANDING HOUSTONIAN through 1957 when drilling was at a. record pace in the United States. The company was Health, Dr. Theodore Cooper, recently If ever a man was destined to have a place active in the Mid-Continent, along the Gulf praised and commended Mr. Jinotti for in the oil business, it was Theodore N. (Ted} his medical inventions. Law, who, although he is chairman emeritus Coast and in the Rocky Mountains. It also of Falcon Seaboard, Inc., is "still drilling a got into exploration and development of its I am so proud that these letters were few dry holes." own properties in Oklahoma., Texas, Kansas, sent to Mr. Jinotti, that I hereby insert Few oilmen can trace a lineage in the Colorado and Louisiana.. them in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD so business as long as Law's. He is a fourth Falcon Seaboard Driling's rise in the busi­ that my colleagues and others who read generation oilman. ness had been steady, if not spectacular. But the RECORD will know of the high esteem Ted Law's oil heritage dates back to his it wasn't too long before its fortunes started in which Mr. Jinotti is held by top great-grandfather, William Barnsdall, who going the other way. With the slowdown in domestic drilling, health leaders in the Federal Govern­ not only drilled the second oilwell in the ment. United States, but also built and operated the company began experiencing losses and the first refinery. began disposing of its land rigs in favor of In addition to the letters, the Home Barnsdall drilled his well near Titusville, the call of offshore drilling which was then, News, of New Brunswick, N.J., and the Pa., not long after Col. Edwin Drake drilled Law recalls, "in its childhood." Star Ledger, of Newark, N.J., published his famous well. But, interestingly, they The company has since departed from the a news article on the letters spent to this started producing oil before Drake. drill_ing business, however, and its ng.me has remarkable inventor of medical devices Despite his family ties with the oil busi­ been shortened to Falcon Seaboard, Inc. "We're primarily in the coal business and that help people. The New York Times ness, Ted Law decided early in life that he also published an article on Mr. Jinotti's wanted to be a stockbroker. in a big way," says Law. It does have some oil He entered the brokerage business in interests. fine pollen work. September, 1929, and admits today to have About three years ago Law became chair­ I hereby insert the article from the received "a quick education." man emeritus. "I retired," he says. Home News, Star Ledgar and Times and He was 18 at the time and had bypassed Yet he remains active in the business the letters sent to Mr. Jinotti by HEW going to college so that he could support his world, chiefly through the Braxton Corp., a Secretary Weinberger and by Dr. Theo­ wife. research and development company which dore Cooper, Assistant Secretary for Law recalls that his father, Robert, had has developed a device to remove sulfur di­ oxide and particulate matter from stack gas Health. told him that if he was "smart enough" to Mr. Speaker, I am proud of Walter get married, he had better go to work. and emissions from coal-fired plants. His introduction to the investment busi­ The Utility Data Corp. is another of his Jinotti, not only because of his success, ness came in San Francisco, but he later business pursuits. but because he will help millions of shifted to New York City where he was asso­ "It is a service company," he says, "helping Americans because of his talents, com­ ciated with various brokerage houses for pipeline companies to meet safety passion and leadership in medical the next four years. The 1929 crash and the regulations." science. subsequent Great Depression didn't deter Like many other oilmen and business ex­ THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCA­ him from seeking to make his mark as a ecutives. Law is disturbed by what is happen­ TION, AND WELFARE, stock broker. ing in Washington. He is also disturbed by Washington, D.C., June 16, 1975. But the death of his father did. what the Environmental Protection Agency Mr. WALTER JmoTTI, At the time his father was chairman of is doing, observing that "it is doing every­ Technologist, Middlesex General Hospital, the board of Barnsdall Oil Co., which was thing it can to keep us from mining coal." New Brunswick, N.J. acquired in 1950 by Sunray Oil Corp., later Falcon Seaboard has strip mining opera­ DEAR MR. J1N0Tr1: Dr. Cooper, Assistant Sunray Mid-Continent Oil Co. (Note: Barns­ tions in Kentucky where, Law says, "we strip Secretary for Healt:i:l, has advised me that you dall. Ok., in oil-rich Osage County, was the surface, mine the coal, level the land of! have invented a new type of blood pump, named Big Heart until 1921 when its name and plant grass. and also an improved method of providing was changed to honor the Barnsdall family.} "The land is worth something when we get relief to persons who suffer from sinus con­ His father had been instrumental in bring­ through with it," he continues. "It was worth ditions. ing together the big, complex organization nothing before. Yet you have people who are I would like to extend to you my personal created by Theodore N. Barnsdall. doing everything they can to keep coal from congratulations on behalf of the Department "When my father died," Law recalls, "no­ being mined. Coal is one thing we've got of Health, Education, and Welfare, for your body (in the family) knew anything about. lots of." remarkable achievements. Your devotion and the oil business. While he has retired from the day-to-day dedication to the field of medical technology "My brother was not interested in it so I operation of Falcon Seaboard, Law manages are indeed praiseworthy, and your contribu­ went to Tulsa and started learning the busi­ to keep his hand in the oil business. tions to the evolution and continued im­ ness from the ground up," Law added. "I'm drilling a few dry hcles," he says. provement in health care will be instru­ And learn it, he did. At the time the com­ "We've picked up a little acreage in South mental in the saving of many lives through­ pany owned 23 service stations and, Law Louisiana. and along the Gulf Coast. I take a out the Nation. says, "I would take o:ff in the morning with little piece of this and a little piece of that." Again, my warmest congratulations to you, a carload of toilet pa"(:>er and soap to clean up Law says he participated in the drilling of and the best wishes in your future endeavors. the stations." While Law had stature (he was "a good well in South Louisiana last year." Sincerely, a director of the company and assistant sec­ He now finds that "I just can't get away CASPAR W. WEINBERGER, retary} and he found the oil business more from the oil business." Secretary. July 10, 19,75 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22225 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCA­ in the world." The infuser will be especially The Significant Achievement Award TION, AND WELFARE, OFFICE OF valuable, doctors said, in open heart sur­ was presented to the Honorable Angelo F. THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR gery, and the treatment of bleeding ulcers. Orazio, a New York State assemblyman In addition, Rep. Edward J. Patten (D- HEALTH, representing the 15th district. This is an Washington, D .C., M ay 27, 1975. 15th Dist.) has inserted a piece in the Con­ Mr. WALTER JINOTTI, gressional Record describing Jinotti as "one award given to the chapter member who Technologist, of the most versatile and notable" medical has accomplished an outstanding feat in Middlesex General Hospitai, inventors in the state of New Jersey." his particular field of endeavor. From New Brunsw ick. N .J. my knowledge of Assemblyman Orazio's DEAR MR. JINOTTI: On behalf of the De­ [From the New York Times, Friday, July 4, efforts, I know that he truly deserves this partment of Health, Educl.tion, and Welfare, 1975) award. ! am pleased to extend to you congratula­ POLLEN "LOOKS BAD" IN STATE THIS YEAR Mary Lessler, the vice president, tions for your ingenuity and outstanding Ms. SPECIALIST WARNS SUFFERERS OF HAY FEVER ON programs of the Hap Arnold Chapter was contributions in the field of medical tech­ HEAVY GROWTH OF RAGWEED nology. a warded the Service Award. This is pre­ Your latest achievement, the development NEW BRUNSWICK, July 3.-The outlook for sented to the individual or organization of a pressure infuser, which allows-among the 1975 pollen season in New Jersey "looks that has contributed significantly to the other things--rapid blood pumping for bad" for hay-fever sufferers, a medical tech­ support of the chapter. transfusions, is indeed most laudable. It is nologist said today. "It looks bad-I don't like the looks of The Cadet of the Year Award was just this type of inventiveness and dedica­ awarded to Midshipman Frederick Ebers, tion to the well-being of others that typifies it," said Walter Jinotti, a medical technol­ the true spirit of the Americ!l.n way and ogist at Middlesex General Hospital and him­ of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. the American health system. self a hay-fever sufferer. Midshipman Ebers was selected by the Once again, congratulations and best "Each year we study the ragweed plants Commandant of Cadets of the Academy wishes in all your future endeavors. to size up their growth," Mr. Jinotti said in for his outstanding performance. Sincerely yours. an interview. "We check to see if we can Mr. David Tromblee, the president of make a prediction. This year it appears that THEODORE COOPER, M.D., the chapter from 1973 to 1974, was Assistant Secretary for Health. the plants are extremely healthy-not only tall in size, but they are very healthy, be­ awarded the Past President's Award. Mr. cause of the continuous rain we've had." Tromblee did an outstanding job during {The Home News, New Brunswick, N.J., Mr. Jinotti said hot dry spells often his tenure as president and was richly June 25, 1975} stunted the growth of ragweed, the source of deserving of this honor. HEW CHIEF PRAISES INVENTOR the pollen that irritates hay-fever victims, At this point in the RECORD, I present WASHINGTON.-Walter Jinotti, a technolo­ but "we've had no real hot burning sun." the names of the officers and the execu­ Mr. Jinotti said a hot spell in the next gist at Middlesex General Hospital in New tive council of the chapter: Brunswick, N.J., and inventor of rapid blood. three weeks could still affect the ragweed infuser, has been cited for his medical growth enough to limit the hay-fever season, OFFICERS, H. H. ARNOLD CHAPTER achievements by Caspar W. Weinberger, Sec­ generally regarded as la.sting from about Aug. Raymond J. Uhrich, President; Revere G. retary of the Department of Health, Educa­ 6 to the Labor Day weekend. Sanders, Vice President, Business Affairs; tion and Welfare (HEW). "If this does not occur in the next three Ruth D. Miller, Vice President, Public Af­ Weinberger called "highly commendable" weeks it looks like we're in for a very tough fairs; Mary Lessler, Vice President, Programs; Jinott!'s invention of a new blood pump for season," Mr. Jinotti said. "If we do burn up Robert Holland, Director, Activities; A. Del transfusions and :il.is discovery of an im­ some of the ragweed tonnage [with a hot Casino, Vice President, Membership; Robert proved method of providing relief to persons spell) maybe we can cut 10 or 15 days off MacColl, Treasurer; Kitty Mllmoe, Secretary; suffering from sinus conditions. the sea.son." George V. O'Haire, General Counsel. In a letter to Jtnotti, who resides at 10 He said that if present forecasts were cor­ EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Scott St., New Brunswick, Weinberger wrote: rect the pollen count could reach 200 this year. Any count above 10 is considered un­ Frank X. Battersby, Chairman, Hon. Nor­ "Your devotion and dedication to the field man F. Lent, M.C., Hon. Lester Wolff, M.C., of medical technology are indeed praise­ comfortable for hayfever patients. worthy, and your contributions to the evolu-· Last year's pollen sea.son was light, Mr. Hon. Angelo Roncallo, John F. Dolan, Thomas tion a.nd continued improvement in health Jinotti said, with the count never exceed­ H. O'Brien, Louis H. Pighi, Walter Petersen. ing 100. He calculates the pollen count daily Edwin M. Schwenk, George Skurla, Donald J. care will be instru;.nental in the saving of Strait, David Tromblee. many lives throughout the nation." during the hay-fevel" sea.son and the count . Rep. Edward J. Patten, D-N.J., has inserted ls distributed to the press. In closing, I would like to note the a tribute to Jinotti in the Congressional great pleasure and pride I have felt dur­ Record, describing him 9.S "one of the most versatne n.nd notable" medical inventors in ing my association. the state. GEORGE MARTIN SKURLA HONORED [From the Sunday Star-Ledger, AN ACCURATE CONGRESSIONAL June 29, 1975} RECORD HEW PRAISES PuMP INVENTOR HON. LESTER L. WOLFF OF NEW YORK Walter Jinotti of New Brunswick, inventor of a device that accelerates the flow of blood IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER used in transfusions, has been commended Thursday, July 10, 1975 by federal health officials for his "ingenuity OF WISCONSIN and outstandi,ng contributions to the field of Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on May 16, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES medical technology." the Hap Arnold Chapter of the Air Force Thursday, July 10, 1975 Jinotti, a technologist at Middlesex Gen­ Association held its annual awards din­ eral Hospital, has received a letter from ner in Westbury, N.Y. I would like to Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. Casper W. Weinberger, U.S. Secretary of Speaker, for the benefit of our colleagues Health, Education, and Welfare, commend­ take this time to extend cong.ressional recognition to the distinguished group of considering House Resolutions 568, 569, ing him on the invention of the blood. pump 570, and 581, mandating a more verbatim and the development of "an improved meth­ individuals who were honored at this od of providing relief to persons suffering dinner. account of floor proceedings in the CON­ from sinus conditions." Mr. George Martin Skurla, the presi­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, I am introducing in­ "Your contributions to the evolution and dent of Grumman Aerospace Corp., was to the RECORD pertinent comments made continued improvement health care will be presented the man of the year award. by well known authorities on Congress. instrumental in saving of many lives In 1963, Neil MacNeil writing on the throughout the nation," Weinberger wrote. This is presented annually to the indi­ vidual who has accomplished most dw-­ history of House debate in Forge of Jinotti also received a letter from Dr. Democracy, the House of Representa­ Theodore Cooper, Assistant Secretary for ing the past year in furthering the in­ Health, saying that his "dedication to the terests of the Air Force and/ or the Air tives, said: well-being of others typifies the true spirit of Force Association. This award, unani­ Debates at times have been marked with coarse ribaldry, cruel sarcasms, and biting the American way and the American health mously selected by the officers, is not system." invective, and at other times with grace, gal­ His invention, the Jinotti Constant Blood limited to membership in the chapter. lantry and eloquence ... At moments of Infuser, was praised by Dr. Herbert Brody, Thus Mr. Skurla, was selected from a high dram.a or grave decision, the House has chief urologist, at Middlesex General, as "un­ wide range of possible candidates and become profoundly sober and serious, hushed doubtedly the most fantastic unit of its kind can be most proud of this distinction. with expectaincy, often austere and somber. 22236 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 MacNeil concludes that the practice of the House has also permitted its members needed improvements in health, educa­ revising and extending in the CoNGREs­ to insert in the Congressional Record, tech­ tion and other vital facilities and nically the official reporting of the House's sroNAL RECORD has the effect of minimiz­ debates and actions, speeches that were never services. ing the value and quality of House de­ even made. Normally, on passage of an im­ In short, new quality of life charac­ bate. portant bill, the House has adopted a motion teristics are creeping into rural Amer­ Two pm:tions of MacNeil's book which that gave every Representative five addi­ ica-adding to the already abundant concern the RECORD follow: tional days to prepare appropriate remarks array of rural values one finds there. Technically, the authority to "revise and to be included in the record of the day's I was present during Mr. Erwin's testi­ extend" his words in the Congressional Rec­ action. In earlier periods, many members of mony before the House Subcommittee on ord has only given the individual Repre­ the House followed the practice of freely editing their own remarks, even on speeches Family Farms and Rural Development sentative the right to alter words already on June 16, 1975. The testimony spells spoken. The Representative presumably has not made. The practice of rewriting speeches addressed the House and granting the re­ for the Record was begun even before the out some of the progress that has been quest to "revise and extend" his remarks has House career of John Quincy Adams, who on made. I commend this statement to the merely allowed him to edit the remarks he occasion rewrote entire speeches. The prac­ attention of all Members of Congress. made, straighten out jumbled sentences, tice of removing remarks from the Record The testimony follows: and correct any normal errors. That, how­ has also been in use for generations. Joseph Martin, in his autobiography, recorded an STATEMENT OF Wil.LIAM W. ERWIN, AsSISTANT ever, has not been the only way the author­ SECRETARY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT ity to "revise and extend" has been used. In­ instance of this by John Nance Garner. "Every time those damn Yankees get a ham­ Mr. Chairman and Distinguished Members stead, it has also been used as an open li­ of the Subcommittee: cense for the Representative to insert any­ bone," Garner said in debate, according to Martin, "I'm going to get a hog." The candid We are pleased to appear before you this thing he desired into the Congressional Rec­ morning to testify with respect to our imple­ ord. Every member of the House, before he remark did not appear in the Congressional Record. mentation of the Rural Development Act, has begun to address the House, has auto­ and to exchange views on our common inter­ matically asked for this authority. Some of est in rural America. the Representatives never had exercised the The array of questions contained in your ex..traordinary license thus granted, prefer­ REVERSAL OF OUTMIGRATION two letters of May 22 and May 30 was com­ ring to let their formal remarks stand in the FOUND SATISFYING prehensive and detailed. I have accompany­ Congressional Record as spoken. Most of the ing me representatives from each agency of members, however, have taken advantage of the Department charged with the respon­ this opportunity to cram the Record with HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY sibility for implementing various sections of speeches never spoken on the floor. Indeed, OF IOWA the Act. In addition, the type of response re­ some Representwtives who have rarely ad­ quired by many of your questions suggested dressed their colleagues in formal debate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that your purpose would best be served by have appeared in the Congressional Record Thursday, July 10, 1975 written answers. These answers have been to be the most talkative members of the prepared and I hope that their insertion into House. They have been free to use the Record Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, the re­ the record will be helpful to the Subcommit­ for that purpose. The House has even en­ markable reversal of a century of out­ tee. couraged it. After every major bill has been migration and depletion to a period of Recent data indicate that rural America passed, the chairman of the sponsoring com­ 4 or 5 years of growth in rural and small has made great progress since 1970. Popula­ mittee by custom has made a general request town areas is most satisfying to Mem­ tion statistics from the 1960-1970 decade to allow all members of the House to add to showed a continuing migration of rural peo­ the Congressional Record of the debate bers of Congress. Moreover, this new balance in develop­ ple to the cities. From 1970 to 1973, however, whatever they wished. "Mr. Speaker," the a strong reverse trend was indicated and we committee chairman perfunctorily would ment between rural and city areas is now estimate that about 350,000 people are say, "I ask unanimous consent t hait all mem­ good for the country. It may well repre­ leaving the cities and moving into rural bers of the House be granted five legislative sent the most significant improvement Amerioo each year. days to revise and extend their remarks at in national patterns and lifestyles in As might be expected, the rural counties this point in the Record." That authority, adjacent to metropolitan areas are the fast­ automatically granted, has allowed any many years. Congress and the executive branch est growing rural areas, with a 4.7 % increase member of the House to insert in the Record in population in the 1970- 73 period. However, any speech he composed as much ais five days have done their homework well concern­ the rural counties that are not adjacent to after the House has voted; and on most im­ ing the highly success!ul assistance role a metropolitan area showed a 3.7 % increase portant bills a dozen or more Representa­ the Federal establishment has played in in population over this four year period while tives have taken advantage of the privilege. helping rural areas stimulate and use the increase in the metropolitan areas was The practice thus indulged has made the development creatively and properly. only 2.9 %. Congressional Record a questionable source Along with this turnabout in population for the historian, but it has served its pri­ Federal loans and other developmental assistance programs have doubled and movement are other indicators of rural vigor mary purpose of economizing the House's and growth. Still using the 1970-73 indica­ time. The practice, by its very pretensions, redoubled since 1970. tors, we find that the rate of growth of new has tended to minimize even in the minds of Congress passed and the President manufacturing jobs in rural America was the Representatives themselves the value signed, in 1972, comprehensive rural de­ twice the rate of the large cities and the rate and quality of House debate. velopment legislation. Congress has con­ of new construction jobs in rural areas was • • sistently escalated funding of rural de­ over 3 Y:z times the urban rate. No greater tool for the Representative's velopment assistance efforts, on a fiscally During 1973 and 1974, the number of new self-gratulation has existed, however, than sound basis, since that time. housing units built per 1,000 households bas the friendly pages of the Congressional The Department of Agriculture merits been greater in nonmetro areas than in metro Record. This has given the individual Repre­ areas. Even with the decline nationally in sentative an opportunity to show his con­ praise for quick and effective adminis­ housing construction in 1974, there were 30 stituents that he has been on the job work­ tration of these programs to needy com­ new housing units built per 1,000 households ing in their interest, even if he has been munities. in nonmetro areas compared to 28.8 new neglecting them. It was this impulse that Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for housing units in metro areas. prompted the speech of the Representative Rural Development, William Erwin, or­ The net of these observations is that rural from Buncombe in 1820, and the impulse ganized the delivery of rural develop­ America is a vigorous and progressive sector has remained through the years. Few persons ment assistance and he has coordinated of our country today. There are pockets of besides members of Congress ever even glance and directed the programs of many Fed­ development inertia where the pre-1970 con­ at the Congressional Record, but the Congress dition persists, but nationwide rural develop­ has long had an arrangement with the Gov­ eral agencies to rural and small town ment is a strong movement and one of gath­ ernment Printing Office to reproduce, at areas. ering momentum. minimal cost, thousands upon thousands of Rural job opportunities have increased The Rural Development Act of 1972 has copies of these individual speeches. These twice as fast as urban jobs since 1970. followed rather than precipitated this devel­ reprints the Representatives and Senators Needed facilities are springing up in opment upsurge. The first appropriations for have mailed to their districts at no cost, local communities. Industrial installa­ the Act were approved by the Congress in Oc­ utilizing both their free stationery and their tions and vastly improved farm income tober, 1973. This was well into the 1970-1973 right to mail their letters postage free, under period of change which I have been dis­ their franking privileges. The House has also are adding economic and tax thrust to cussing. However, the Act has enabled us to allowed its members complete discretion to many small town and open countryside provide essential support and assistance to remove, rewrite, or extend their remarks areas. Much improvement in rural hous­ the rural development movement and th~ made on the floor as they have appeared in ing is taking place. A great many rural programs implemented under the Act a.re, the Congressional Record. More than this, communities are finally able to make we believe, contributing to the acceleration of July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 222·37 this movement. The Department has obli­ Cooperative State Research Service, and the as a possible career, been helping out with gated or will obligate all the rural develop­ Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation the ceremonial functions of the presidency­ ment funds authorized by the Act that have Service. Each of these agencies also admin­ and broken up with her male chauvinist been appropriated by the Congress. ister other programs which contribute sig­ boyfriend. The assistance provided through rural de­ nificantly to the development of rural While the Johnson and Nixon daughters velopment legislation, in such essential areas America, and each agency has a represent­ were attractive, Susan's naturalness--coupled as community facilities, housing, electric ative here who can respond to the needs of with her highly photogenic classic features utilities, water and sewer, and business and the Subcommittee. and statuesque figure-suggest that here is Industry is significant and is evidenced by In closing, there is within the United a viable cover girl candidate. the major program increases that have States a viable dynamic rural development Betty Ford has shown that she offers more marked these activities over the 1969-1975 movement that is fundamentally controlled than the dutiful portrayal of the role of fiscal year span. For example: by the rural citizens in their rural commu­ First Lady. Scarcely a month after her hus­ Farmer credit loan programs increased nities. We welcome these hearings as an op­ band was sworn in, Mrs. Ford earned a stand­ from $667 million in 1969 to $1.7 billion in portunity to work together with the Con­ ing ovation from the National Council of 1975, an increase of more than 250 percent. gress in order to determine how we can Negro Women with her pledge to stump the Farmers Home Administration rural hous­ most effectively be of service to our rural country on behalf of the rights of women ing loans increased from $507 million to over citizens. and blacks. $2.2 billion this year, an increase of over 400 We appreciate the efforts and concerns of As nearly as she could, despite the con­ percent. this Committee and the Congress as we all siderable limits of her health, Mrs. Ford has Water and sewer loans and grants increased work toward the improvement of rural kept this pledge. With commendable open­ from $191 million in 1969 to $620 million this America through constructive rural de­ ness she acknowledged that her children fiscal year, an increase of about 325 percent. velopment. "probably have experimented with mari­ Other essential community facility loans We will be happy to answer any question juana" and volunteered that the strain of rose from $50 million in 1974 to $200 million that the Committee may have. being a political wife once had caused her In 1975, a 400 percent increase. Thank you. to see a psychiatrist. She has spoken out Business and industrial loans and grants also on such controversial issues as abortion increased from $210 million last year to over and amnesty. $360 million this fiscal year, an increase of She herself has speculated that the frank­ 170 percent. ST. PETERSBURG TIMES LAUDS ness with which her mastectomy was treated In the fields of electrical utilities and tele­ BETTY AND SUSAN FORD had saved many lives. Beyond that, her fre­ phone programs, administered by the Rural quent appearance in graceful, form-fitting Electrification Administration, the increase dresses has shown women that they need not in levels of assistance is even more remark­ fear that loss of a breast means loss of HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG femininity. able. For example: OF FLORIDA Total electric loans in 1969 were $329 mil­ And despite the fact that she announced lion. In 1975, they totaled just short of $2 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES early in her husband's presidency that she billion when the guaranteed loan program is Thursday, July 10, 1975 would wear moderately priced clothes by included. American designers, she was named to the Telephone loans, including those of the Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, international best-dressed list this year. Rural Telephone Bank, which came into ef­ previously, I shared with my colleagues The Ford women appear to be giving the fect in 1973, increased from a 1969 level of in the Congress an account of the White House the pizazz it needs. $120 million to a 1975 level of $460 million. launching of a Bicentennial project by These program levels show that despite Miss Susan Ford-the President's daugh­ understandable budgetary concerns within ter-which will be one of the more spec­ the Administration and the Congress, rural tacular events during our 200th birth- , HEALTH MAINTENANCE ACT development programs have grown. There has IMPROVEMENTS been much said and written about the pro­ day celebration. The event is Operation visions tn the Rural Development Act for Sail, which got underway with Miss which the Administration did not request Ford's christening of Op Sail '76, a 41- HON. BILL FRENZEL funding but little has been said about the foot Morgan out-island, on June 27, 1975. OF MINNESOTA areas where the Congress has curtailed Ad­ Op Sail '76 is now visiting as many other ministration requests. ports along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Currently, 76.5 percent or 65 provisions of Thursday, July 10, 1975 the 85 provisions in the Act have been im­ as possible before July 4, 1976, after mak­ plemented. Shortly, the 66th provision-re­ ing my city of St. Petersburg the first Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, today, I lating to guaranteed rural housing loans-­ port of call following the christening am joining my colleagues, Mr. HASTINGS will be added. Many of the unimplemented ceremonies. and Mr. ROGERS, in sponsoring their bill provisions exist in that condition simply be­ CHRISTENING CEREMONIES to amend the Health Maintenance Act cause assistance is provided through other Miss Ford's visit to St. Petersburg and her of 1973, Public Law 93-222. channels within the Department of Agricul­ participation in the christening of Op Sail I would like to commend Mr. HASTINGS ture programs or the Congress has failed to '76 generated a lot of enthusiasm and ex­ fund the program. and Mr. ROGERS for an excellent job in citement--not only over one aspect of our improving this legislation to furthering I believe that we should salute the efforts Bicentennial celebration-but also over Miss of the various agencies within the Depart­ Ford herself. the acceptance and stimulating the ment of Agriculture for effectively obligating Mr. Speaker, I wish to share with my col­ growth of the HMO concept. almost every dollar appropriated despite the leagues the impressive editorial tribute to I supported the HMO bill which be­ fact that in each of the pa.st 2 years, for the two women in President Ford's life, by came law in 1973 as I felt it was a good which funding was available, the appropria­ the St. Petersburg Times in its issue of beginning, even though we knew there tions were not approved and made available July 2, 1975: until almost midway through the fiscal year. were still a lot of issues yet to be re­ In addition to the delivery of the programs THE FORD. WOMEN solved. After 2 years of actually living stated p,bove, there are other factors that are Judging from Susan Ford's recent visit to with the law, we learned it was much too at least as important to rural development. St. Petersburg and other observations, the restrictive and failed to provide the These a.re the services which are essential to President's 17-year-old daughter holds prom­ proper incentives to make the formations the improvement of the quality of rural life, ise of capturing the public imagination more of HMO's more attractive to potential and the human development upon which all than any woman of the White House since sponsors. other progress is dependent. The coordina­ Jacqueline Kennedy. tion and leadership functions expressed in And her mother, despite the physical and Some of the outstanding features Section 603 of the Act enable us to address emotional debilitation of cancer, chemo­ include: these needs on a comprehensive front. The therapy and osteoarthritis, already has shown First. Tailoring the health care serv­ coordination efforts of the Rural Develop­ a willingness to speak out on controversial ices to the needs and wants of the con­ ment Service are devoted to increasing and issues not seen since Eleanor Roosevelt. sumer by making the o:ff ering of supple­ improving the delivery of many federal pro­ The first news stories about Susan after mental health services. grams and services to the rural sector. her father became President quoted her boy­ While I have addressed only those pro- friend praising her for not having "some Second. Eliminating the requirement that HMO's offer annual open enrollment grams and activities administered by the fancy career in mind like nursing" and be­ agencies for which I am directly responsible, lieving with him that a woman's place is in for individual membership. the other agencies charged With various pro­ the home. Third. Removes the requirement that gram aspects of the Rural Development Act In recent months, though, Susan has taken medical groups must have as their prin­ of 1972 include the Soil Conservation Service, on a monthly column for Seventeen maga­ cipal profession activity the provision of the Forest Service, the Extension Service, the zine, started taking lessons in photography health services to members of HMO's. 22238 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1975 Fourth. Includes State and local gov­ A VERBAL LYNCHING VICTIM him. "We've reviewed all of them," he hedges. ernmental employers among those em­ But how many have you read? "I have re­ ployers which must off er employees the viewed all of them," he says, refusing to say option of HMO membership. HON. SIDNEY R. YATES he has read any. Fifth. Enable private entities to obtain OF ILLINOIS As to Dr. Boorstin's alleged antiblack re­ federally guaranteed loans for planning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cord at the Smithsonian, Cook admits he has no statistics to back this charge up. He says and for the establishment or expansion Thursday, July 10, 1975 he was told this by the Institution's equal of HMO's to serve populations in addi­ employment officer, Archie Grimmett. tion to medically underserved popula­ Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, President J. However, Grimmett tells me "really, there's tions. Ford in nominating Dr. Daniel Boor­ nothing I can say" about Dr. Boorstin. He­ Developing HMO's in this way will im­ stin for the position of Librarian of Con­ says "nothing happened" one way or the prove their ability to deliver quality gress has recognized the reputation of other under Boorstin regarding equal oppor­ health care services to the majority of this distinguished scholar and noted his­ tunity or affirmative action. Grimmett denies torian. As a good friend, I enjoyed the ever talking with Cook or any members o-r­ working people and their families at af­ his organization. fordable rates. It will, in the long run, editorial from the Tulsa World, which I commend to my colleagues. Dr. Daniel J. Boorstin is one of America's turn out to be a better and cheaper foun­ distinguished scholsrs and historians. He dation for an alternative to the [From the Tulsa World, June 16, 1975) would make an excellent Librarian of Con­ proposed expensive, comprehensive na­ A VERBAL LYNCHING VICTIM gress and I hope the rumors are true that he tional health insurance plan. (By John D. Lofton, Jr.) will be appointed to this position by Presi­ I urge quick consideration of this bill WASHINGTON.-The question of who Pres­ dent Ford. so we can finally get HMO's off the ident Ford will choose to be the new heed of It is unfortunate that Dr. Boorstin has the Library of Congress is not exactly one of been the victim of a verbal lynching by Mr. ground. HMO's can then effectively build Cook and his mob, but even more lamentable on the partnership that already exists those earthshaking issues that the whole country is talking about. But because the that the two papers here allowed themselves between the Federal and private sector man said to be in line for this post is being to be used to spread these malicious lies. by allowing both the provider and the so viciously smeared, the subject does merit Truly, the charge of "racism" has become consumer of health services to exercise some attention. the last refuge of the black scoundrel. the widest possible freedom of choice. In a press conference on the Library steps the other day, a Mr. Howard Cook, executive director of a group called Black Employes of the Library of Congress, blasted Dr. Daniel NEGATIVE IMPACT OF IMPORT AMERICAN LEGION OF MASSACHU­ J. Boorstin, the Pulitzer-Prize-winning his­ TARIFF SETTS ANNUAL CONVENTION torian who is reportedly President Ford's choice to be Chief Librarian. Editor's Note-Dr. Daniel Boorstin is a HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT native Tulsan. His late father, Samuel Boor­ OF CONNECTICUT HON. JAMES A. BURKE stin, was a practicing attorney here. OF MASSACHUSETTS Dr. Boorstin, who is now a senior historian IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at the Smithsonian Institution's National Thursday, July 10, 1975 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Museum of History and Technology, and used Thursday, July 10, 1975 to be the museum's Director, is "a racist," Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, the Pres­ says Cook, a man who would "set back the ident's measures to conserve energy in Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. cause of equality and equal opportunity by S.peaker- this country and reduce our dependence at least 20 years." on imported oil have failed to accom­ Please, God, help the Nations and the Peo­ Cook adds: "We checked his record at the ples of every Race, Creed, Color and Faith, Smithsonian and found him short on equal plish either goal :md have only succeeded to get along in harmony together, without opportunity and affirmative actions pro­ in making a difficult and damaging war or destruction. grams." He also alleges that Dr. Boorstin situation more harmful. The New Eng­ Please, God, we pray for Enlightened Un­ once described blacks as "new barbarians." land region has been hit particularly derstanding for All Mankind, so that We Now, the only problem with Cook's hard by the tariff because of its depend­ may have a Better World. charges-featured here prominently in both ence on foreign oil as its main source of This prayer for world peace was writ­ newspapers, with photographs-are that energy. To illustrate this point, I am they are absolutely scurrilous and completely inserting into the RECORD a copy of ten by a grandmother of 12 children and without any foundation in fact whatsoever. a. a member of the Mayflower Descendants What Dr. Boorstin wrote in his 1969 essay letter sent to the President by the Society, Mrs. Clara Place Swan of on "The Decline of Radicalism" was that Governor of my State, Ella Grasso. Quincy, Mass. Mrs. Swan's prayer was those extremists who advocate Student Power describing the negative impact of the recently adopted as the official prayer of and Black Power are "new barbarians who import tariff on Connecticut. the Massachusetts American Legion at ofi'er no content, no ideology, hardly even a MAY 29, 1975. jargon ... in them the quest for meaning Hon. GERALD R. FORD, its 57th annual convention held in Bos­ has been displaced by the quest for power." THE WHITE HOUSE, ton 2 weeks ago. The prayer has been He made no such reference to all blacks, as Washington, D.C. sent to the national commander of the Cook charges. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The people of Con­ Legion for consideration by the national To the contrary, Dr. Boorstin has written necticut and the entire nation support your convention later this year. thoughtfully and compassionately about the efforts to develop a national energy policy Two thousand delegates from across plight of blacks in America. In his book, "The which will result in independence for our the commonwealth gathered for the 4- Americans: The Democratic Experience," nation from foreign energy sour<:es. While I day convention whose theme was the which won the Pulitzer, he wrote: recognize the imperative need for congres­ "When the negro had become, in law, a sional action in this regard, I must convey to Nation's Bicentennial. The convention free American, his status as an indelible im­ you my concern for your recent decision to president, Gabriel Olga of Boston, told migrant became an anachronism as well as further increase the tariff on imported oil. the delegates, "It was only fitting that we an injustice. American civilization in the Such action is discriminatory to states such held our 57th convention in Boston in 20th century then made the position of the as Connecticut that are heavily reliant on the shadow of historic Bunker Hill and negro American not simply unique, but in­ imported oil. in close proximity to Concord and L'ex­ tolerable. Nearly every novel force in the life I am deeply concerned over the effect fur­ of the nation made his situation more difil­ ther price increases will have upon our ington, where our forefathers first shed cult to explain and impossible to justi!y." citizens. We in the northeast have already their blood so that we might be free." Dr. Boorstin acknowledges that on his way been affected much more than other areas The convention elected John Comer into American life, the negro "had been of the nation by rising energy costs with of the Quincy Assessing Department, pushed into a devious, segregated channel." severe ra.mlfica.t1ons for our elderly, poor, and American Legion State Commander. He Some racist! fixed income consumers. We estimate that ts only the third man to have run un­ Since he tells me that "all of hiS writings" your decision will add approximately 60 nlll­ opposed for this office. Legionnaires also convinced him that Dr. Boorstin wants to lion dollars a year in additional energy costs turn the clock back to a time when slavery to the budgets of Conne<:ticut consumers. called for the return of Memorial Day was legal, I ask Mr. Cook how many of Dr. In a time of economic recession, high un­ to May 30, and for the establishment of Boorstin's more than a dozen books he has employment and rampant lntlation, such ad­ a national cemetery for war veterans in read? ditional burdens are onerous. Massachusetts. "Well, that's my business," he says. I press The financial situation of the state ts July 1 O, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2223~). seriously disadvantaged by this plan. There tion workers and that might present an URBAN CRISIS is no doubt that any increase in petroleum additional problem for the garbologists. prices at the current time wlll further ex­ Although there seems to be some opin­ acerbate the existing deficit as well as throw ion that columnist Jack Anderson pi­ HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. out of balance next year's budget which was only recently adopted. State government h as oneered the field of garbology, there is OF NEW JERSEY already budgeted approxlmately 20 million no doubt in my mind that it has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES advanced to new lows by the National dollars more for energy costs 1n the ney •: Thursday, July 10, 1975 fiscal year. This plan wlll add further to these Enquirer which has its own garbologist costs. In addition there may well be de­ alive and well and living in Florida. Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I would creases in state revenues as a. result of in­ In my office in an effort to provide the like to call to my colleagues' attention creased energy prices. news media with whatever public infor­ an editorial appearing in the Star-Ledger I urge that you reconsider your decision on July 8, 1975. This editorial highlights to further increase the ta.rill on imported mation they seek, we send out television oil and that you d111gently search for a reports to the television stations, radio the continuing fiscal crisis faced by our method of relieving the disproportionate reports to the radio stations, and news urban centers: burden now being borne by regions such as releases to newspapers. URBAN CRISIS New England. At this time I would like to announce "This persistent fiscal crisis is, perhaps, the Certainly any program which removes mil­ that in keeping with latest trends, I have most fundamental of all the city's problems." lions of dollars from a particular region of instructed my staff to send our garbage That conclusion wa,s reached in 1971, a the country should also include a. method of to the garbologists. They are boxing the compilation and comparison of eight major returning those revenues to the economy of first day's shipment today and it will be fiscal studies ma.de by various groups and that region. Such a phllosopy is essential if organizations over the previous two decades we are to maintain the viabllty of our en­ delivered to the National Enquirer. I am of New York City's government. tire economic system. willing to arrange for the delivery of ad­ It has a chilling contemporary pertinence Cordially, ditional shipments, but I would really to New York's currellJt monumental financial ELLA GRASSO, prefer a National Enquirer pickup--say problems, but it applies in varying degree Governor. on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. to other American cities and provided the Frankly, I anxiously await the results basis for a depressing universal urban evalua­ of an expert analysis by the Enquirer's tion by mayors of large municipalities at staff garbologist. I have instructed my their annual meeting in Boston. JOURNALISTIC ENDEAVOR CALLED The sad fact is that urban conditions have GARBOLOGY staff to sweep nothing under the rug and worsened considerably in the interim Since to make sure that everything that is in a the cumulative fiscal appraisal of New York normal day's trash from my office in this was made several years ago. They have been HON. WILLIAM F. GOODLING shipment. gravely accelerated by the recession, which OF PENNSYLVANIA I hope I can assure you that the gar­ has generated its harshest impact on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bologist will not find any mail from my cities, where unemployment is running sub­ constituents. I am sure he will learn that stantially ahead of the national average. Thursday, July 10, 1975 my staff smokes more than is considered The universal concern of the mayors' con­ ference was expressed in a resolution co­ Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, since healthful and consumes a considerable sponsored by Mayor Kenneth A. Gibson of I have been a Member of the House of amount of Maxwell House coffee. Per­ Newark urging federal funding to create Representatives I have been impressed sonally, I have a fetish for Ritz crackers employment for a million persons over the with the amount of time and effort which and Skippy Peanut Butter and I nor­ next five years. There were 60 statements of my colleagues devote to cooperating with mally throw out the complimentary copy policy adopted by the resolutions commit­ the news media so as to keep people in­ of the National Enquirer unopened. tee, covering diverse areas of urban concern, formed about their activities in Wash­ I am not sure what all of this will but they were overshadowed by an insistent theme of greater federal involvement to al­ ington. mean to the people of the 19th District leviate recession-pinched municipal budgets. Most congressional offices have a press of Pennsylvania, but when I was elected The bleak message from the Mayor's Con­ assistant or a public relations person I promised to keep my office open to both ference stands in sharp contrast with the designed to provide the news media with the press and public and I hope this position taken earlier by the Ford Adminis­ the latest in all sorts of public informa­ exercise in garbology is consistent with tration that the crisis of the cities is over. tion so that it ca.n be passed on to the that pledge. One can only wonder how the President and public. My office is no exception. My staff his aides were able to arrive at such an and I work diligently to see that the press obviously egregarious judgment. Certainly, the documented facts of urban is informed of our activities and to keep H. L. "HAP" POWERS fiscal distress were clearly imprinted in up with the latest trends in journalism. mounting budget deficits and the debllitat­ Along that line I would like to advise ing effects of the recession on employment. my colleagues that I have instructed my HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON And while there are signs of economic recov­ staff to cooperate fully with the National OF MARYLAND ery, it should be acknowledged that the re­ Enquirer in its efforts to increase the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cession wlll leave the cities last. public's knowledge of Government om­ Thursday, July 10, 1975 The 43d annual gathering of big-city cials through that new and amazing mayors casts a sharp, illuminating focus on Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, last week, the urban malaise, evident in the alarm journalistic endeavor called garbology. sounded by Mayor Joseph L. Alioto of San As Secretary of State Henry Kissinger Maryland and the Nation lost a promi­ nent conservationist and a good friend. Francisco that the "seeds of New York are in and his wife have just learned, garbology every American city." is the newest technique in investigative H. L. "Hap" Powers was an unselfish driv­ The conference has called on Congress to reporting and consists primarily of pro­ ing force in bettering our environment by pass $2 blllion in emergency urban aid that viding an expert analysis of the garbage fighting for a balanced and wise use of would provide special grants to cities with an of a government official. I am sure the our natural resources. unemployment rate of more than six per cent Kissingers were as surprised as the rest Born in Hancock, Md., and president of for three successive months. Newark and a the Powers Distributing Co. of Hagers­ number of other cities in this state would be of us at the development of this tech­ immediately eligible for this funding. nique, since for many years the news town, Mr. Powers was director of the Maryland Wildlife Federation, a national It would be delusive for the Ford Adminis­ media has championed the cause of indi­ tration to persist in its misguided determina­ vidual freedom and privacy. representative to the National Wildlife tion that urban decline has been reversed Actually, though I do not want to leave Federation, and also chairman of the Na­ when the facts clearly indicate otherwise. If the impression that I entirely disapprove tional Wildlife Federations' legislative this destructive cycle is to be halted, it will of this method of displaying journalistic committee. require substantial federal aid, not a return talents. If it were seriously applied to Quoting from this week's issue of the to the Nixon Administration's doctrine of such places as New York City, which Hancock News: "benign neglect" under the guise of flawed seems to be eternally ensnarled in gar­ Mr. Powers Will be greatly missed by many optimistic appraisals of the urban condition. bage, it actually might serve a very use­ area residents of all ages, young and old, from Despite the optimistic statements by ful purpose. Of course then the Amerlcan all walks of life. the Ford administration that our urban Newspaper Guild would have to demand I know you join me in extending deepest problems are over, nothing can be further wages equal to those received by sanita- sympathy to his wife and family. from the truth. Mr. Speaker, the resolu- 22240 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 tion which Mayor Gibson cosponsored doesn't wa.nt it. But wha.t seems a.head ls has lost some of its beneficence. For ex­ before the mayors' conference is in es­ federally regulated medicine-much a.s we ample: ha.ve government-regulated banking or trans­ A New Yorker or Los Angeleno can get the sence the counter-cyclical act which I portation. most refined forms of medi<:a.l treatment, have cosponsored in the House. This What makes regulation likely are two but a. North Dakotan ma.y have trouble much-needed legislation will provide things: (1) Public concern over health costs, finding someone to set his broken a.rm. This Federal funds to municipalities with un­ which already eat up nearly 10 % of the gross is true of hospital service. employment rates over 6 percent to as­ national product; a.nd (2) the doctors' vir­ General practitioners a.re scarce, but the sure the continuance of vital city tual monopoly in medical care. Monopolies U.S. has twice as many surgeons per ca.pita services. are easier to regulate. a.s the British. This legislation is now before the Gov­ To be sure, the doctors' monopoly did not Despite the relative plethora. of surgeons, begin a.s a. conspiracy to restrain trade. The operaitions are not cheaper here. Instead, ernment Operations Committee and I doctors' control over supply dates back to we have twice a.s ma.ny operations per ca.pita hope it will be favorably reported out to 1910 when the American Medical Association a.s the British. the floor in the near future. sponsored Abra.ham Flexner's great study Nobody knows for certain how much fee­ Mr. Speaker, I salute Mayor Gibson for that pointed out the shocking deficiencies jacking goes on based on the knowledge that his efforts at coping with a desperate sit­ of U.S. medical education-the first step Somebody Else Pays. How much competitive uation and I commend the Newark Star­ toward its tota.l reform. The educational up­ (a.nd expensive) hospital expansion goes on Ledger for asserting in the strongest pos­ lift had its financial analog: Gathering into in some areas, while others a.re in desperate sible terms that the urban crisis has con­ its hands control of training a.nd licensing, need of facilities? the profession thereby also achieved com­ All too often physicians recommend un­ tinued unabated. plete control over the supply side of the med­ necessary and expensive treatment or hos­ ical equation. pi·talization because it is covered by in­ What neither the doctors nor the public surance or paid for by the Government. foresaw, however, was the explosion in the In attacking some of these problems, the THE BASTILLE OF AMERICAN dema.nd for medical care and in the ability Government's sharpest stick is Professional MEDICINE to pa.y for it, which changed the nature of Standards Review Organizations, physician the monopoly. With demand galloping and groups on government contra.ct to review supply creeping, the price of a doctor's serv­ medical care in their area. and enforce pre­ ices soared. The American Medical Associa­ determined norms of practice. Authorized by HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN tion, which certainly has no incentive to Congress in 1972, this program is now under OF MARYLAND overstate doctors' incomes, reports that in way in about a third of the country: It is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1970 the average practicing physician grossed designed to hold down skyrocketing health­ $88,000 a. year and netted $50,000. But doc­ care costs by making the individual M.D. Thursday, July 10, 1975 tors' fees have risen 10% a. year since then. accountable to someone else besides mal­ Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have So $100,000-plus and $200,000-plus practi­ practice lawyers. recently had the opportunity to inspect tioners are far from rare. "PSROs are going to affect type of care With demand exceeding supply, M.D.s fear given, the provider, length of treatment a.nd the health care and medical facilities of neither price-cutting nor recession. ''Their the setting in which it is rendered," says Great Britain. I am sad to say that they asking price is their settling price," says Dr. Henry Simmons, former head of HEW's represent a symphony of problems, illus­ former Rea.Ith, Education & Welfare Secre­ PSRO program. "!it's going to have a. very trating what happens to a profession tary Wilbur Cohen. "For a. mother with a substantial impact, probably more pro­ which is regulated out of existence. sick kid, there's no ma.rket economy. She found than any.thing we've ever done." Apparently, the stupidity of an idea doesn't want a service, she wants a mira.cle­ PSROs must approve hospital admissions has never impeded its progress. Now right a.way and at a.ny price." a.nd set standards for treatment and length there are those who would invite such But there is another reason why price is of stay for all government-financed patients. not a. factor, a.nd it is central to the changes If treatment varies significantly from the regulation of the medical profession on now occurring in U.S. health care: In at least standard, payment to the hospital is dis­ our own shores. They would invite this two out of three cases, the worried mothet continued. Massachusetts' review program despite the fact that throughout Amer­ doesn't pay. Her insurance company or, in­ sa.ved the sta.te $6 million in 1974 by cutting ican history, the freedom to practice creasingly, the Gove.rnment pa.ys. the average Medicaid-paid hospital stay from medicine without the encroachments of This excess of demand over supply is partly 8.1 to 7.5 days. governmental duress is one of those the result of historical factors stretching a.t The policing is done by peers, a. principle truths which make our culture. During least ba.ck to World War II, but barely no­ endorsed by the AMA. But with Government those few instances when plans were be­ ticed at the time. Because they were officially in the saddle, the AMA predic·ts cost control discouraged from negotiating wa.ge hikes, will endanger quality and lead to "cook­ ing promoted to monitor and thereby unions bega.n to bargain for hea.lth-ca.re cov­ book medicine." Even Dr. Alan Nelson, him­ control the medical profession by the erage. From then on, medical services in­ self head of Utah's PSRO, complains: "The state, some of the greatest minds of creasingly became a situation where, from regulation puts responsibility for peer re­ American society joined in the public both the supplier's a.nd the consumer's view­ view back in the bureau<:racy." He makes outcry which put such plans to rest. The point, Somebody Else Pa.ys. the businessman's standard complaint a.bout sentiment was best illustrated in two Health insurance was supplemented in the government regulation: How ca.n a Wash­ century-old remarks of Dr. Benjamin 1960s by government payments like Medi­ ington bureaucrat possibly understand our care a.nd Medicaid. This enabled doctors to problems? But the day of self-policing is Rush of Philadelphia, who said: set fees and policy as they chose, hospitals probably past. To restrict the a.rt of healing ... will con­ to jack their room rates to over $100 a day Besides the PSROs, Washington has yet stitute the Ba.stllle of medical science. in many big-city hospitals, and once (but no another foot in the medical door via the longer) underpaid hospital workers to win Health Maintenance Organization Act of The following article which appeared fa.t raises. In a. recession year with inflation 1973. This requires employers to offer their in the July 15 issue of Forbes describes easing off, 1975 health-ca.re expenditures will employees a choice between conventional the foundations of this Bastille which is climb 15% to $120 bi11ion-nea.rly 10% of healoth insurance, which lets them choose slowly being erected. It describes the the GNP. Clothing by contrast, takes under their own doctors buit pays only pa.rt of the problems governmental regulatory poli­ 7%. cost, and membership in a prepaid group­ cies have already generated in the medi­ ENTER BIG BROTHER practice organization. cal field, and it should be required The growth of government- and insurance Ma.ny doctors bitterly oppose these group­ company-financed medical care. however, health maintenance organlza.tions. As a reading for every Member of Congress changed the supply-dema.nd equation. salaried employee of an HMO, the physician interested in increasing the degree of Where previously supply ha.d been concen­ loses the cherished status of being his own Government control still further. trated and dema.nd fragmented, now demand boss-a sort of doctor /priest/businessman. The article follows: too began to be concentrated. Sin<:e Uncle He loses power, too. The law requires an KEEPING AN EYE ON THE DOCTORS Sam now pa.ys 25 % of all medical bllls, in­ HMO to be controlled by a boa.rd of direc­ Medicine, which fa.Us somewhere between creasingly Washington's voice has begun to tors made up equally of doctors, adminis­ being a. business and a. profession, ma.y well be heard. trators a.nd consumers. be the first of the disciplines to come under Why, with U.S. medical care among the For the pa.tient, it's a tra.de-o:fI, sacrificing direct federal regulation. In fa.ct, that is al­ world's best, should a.nyone listen to the personal care for guaranteed access to a. full ready beginning to ha.ppen. The question voice of government, of bureaucracy? One ra.nge of medical services. It is ra.ther like no longer is: Should Washington regulate? answer, of course, is tha.t medical ca.re is a swi•tching from corner grocer to supermarket. Ra.ther it ls: How fa.st? tempting target for poliiticians looking for Medical education a.nd hospital construc­ Socialized medicine? Unlikely. The federal new goodies to promise the voters. But there tion a.re two more doors where the Govern­ budget can't a.fford it . . The doctors would is more to it than that. In fact, wha.t started ment has gotten a foothold. In both ca.ses, fight it tooth a.nd na.11. The public probably out as a. gentle, public-spirited monopoly Washington pays the biggest pa.rt of the bill: July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22241 nearly $1 billion for construction and $1.3 the future, though probably just as pros­ Intra also owns real estate in Geneva, blllion for education, or 60% of the cost of perous, will be less a free agent than he was. parts of the port of Beirut, the Lebanese training a doctor. Not surprisingly, the Gov­ national television network, the largest re­ ernment wants more say in how the money frigerated warehouses in the Middle East is spent. and a pair of banks called Alma.shrek and Last January amendments to the Public INTRA INVESTMENT CO. the Bank of Kuwait and the Arab World. Health Service Act created regional Health Intra's business is now so good and so Systems Agencies, which will start operating widespread that Agriculture finds itself in­ nationwide in a year or two. They will re­ HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD volved in affairs that have nothing to do view hospitals and other medical facilities with farming and feeding. in their areas and must give prior approval OF MICHIGAN In March, Rep. Wllllam M. Brodhead to new construction. The majority of di­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (D-Mich.) wrote Secretary of State Henry A. rectors of each agency must be consumers. Thursday, July 10, 1975 Kissinger asking him to explain why the Anoth er blow to self-policing! United States owns a piece of an investment "Of all the bills they've ever passed short Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, the firm that boycotts companies doing business of declaring war," complains AMA Executive July 8 Washington Post carried a most with Israel. Brodhead asked Kissinger if It Vice President Dr. James Sammons, "this is unusual story on the involvement of the were true that Intra had a hand in freezing the most dangerous. It vests decision-making U.S. Department of Agriculture in a out a group of boycotted banks from a 25 power in the hands of totally unprepared Middle Eastern investment firm by the million underwriting for Air France last people." February. However, the objective is sensible: to re­ name of Intra Investment Co. Brodhead says Kissinger denied any U.S. duce costly competition between hospitals If the allegations published by the role in a boycott. One Agriculture official servlng the same populations. As with doc­ Post are true, USDA is providing nothing with close ties to Intra said that if there were tors, so with beds. The more you have, the less than what amounts to an interest­ a boycott Agriculture would never know it. more patients are needed to keep them oc­ free loan by holding stock in this corpo­ He called Agriculture's board seat "power­ cupied. Today, phyicians must sometimes fill ration-an interest-free loan to the less ... We never get involved in anything a quota of beds in order to retain hospital countries of Kuwait and Qatar, which to do with management." privileges. The Government argues that these Intra senior vicee president Robert Fast abuses will not be cured by doctors them­ are two of the wealthiest oil-producing acknowledges that Intra went into the Air selves. nations in the world. France underwriting with reservations about Finally, the Government may use its edu­ If the allegations published by the doing business with Lazard Freres, a French· cational grants to influence where and what Post are true, USDA is a stockholder in American investment firm that has done a doctors practice. To correct the maldistribu­ a company which has a policy of refus­ lot of business with Israel. tion of physicians, Congress may require a ing to do business with firms which are "We did not demand that Lazard be kept tour in the Public Health Service for young on the Arab boycott list-either because off," Fast told Washington Post correspond­ doctors who do not repay federal aid to they are owned by Jews or because they ent Jonathan Randal in Beirut, "but we said medical schools-now about $11,500 per if you invite them (as coma.nagers) then graduate. For a student who also needs loans, do business with other firms owned by don't invite us." the service period could be as long as eight Jews. Fast insists that Intra has "no choice" years. Mr. Speaker, I am sure this matter about doing business with blacklisted banks, The same legislation, backed by Senator will be thoroughly investigated, and I but points out the arbitrariness of the boy­ Edward Kennedy (Dem., Mass.) and Repre­ will state here and now that I intend to cott that blacklists Rothschilds and Lazard sentative Paul Rogers (Dem., Fla.), would give my unqualified support to those in­ Freres in Paris but not London. Fast also also limit the number of medical residences vestigations which have already begun. said that Intra does business in New York and authorize HEW to parcel them out But I want to further state, simply, with Salomon Brothers and with Goldman among hospitals. Specialization requires a Sachs, whose Gustave Levy is chairman o! residency, and since most doctors eventually my outrage that this situation could the United Jewish Appeal. settle in that same location, the effect will have developed by accident. "We're not anti-'Semitic," Fast told Ran­ be federal pressure on where physicians live. It is outrageous that the Department dal. "We work with Jewish banks, but not It all adds up to regulation of every of Agriculture holds an investment with Jewish banks on the Arab League boy­ aspect-manpower, plant, financing and pro­ worth over $10 million of the taxpayers' cott list." fessional practice-of what was until re­ money, yet claims lack of knowledge of Recently, Agriculture Secretary Earl L. cently the nation's least regulated economic Intra's dealings when confronted with Butz was asked by Sen. James L. Buckley activity. As Dr. Thomas Ballantine, a neuro­ them. (Cons.-R-N.Y.) for an accounting of the surgeon who heads Massachusetts PSRO sup­ scope of Intra.'s affairs and of U.S. involve· port organization, observes, "The physician It is outrageous that USDA is in any ment in those affairs. has been very slow to understand that de• way subsidizing governments such as Agriculture became a holder of Intra shares Uvery of medical care ls now a political proc­ those of Kuwait and Qatar, which par· nine years ago when Intra's predecessor, In­ ess and that he must become involved in the ticipated in the oil embargo and which tra Bank, went bankrupt, leaving its assets wider issues. That's why I'm sitting here." are completely capable of paying their to its creditors. The creditors included Agri­ Bureaucratic hassles aside, chances are own way in the world today. culture's Commodity Credit Corp., which had that the doctor will come out, as he has in been paid for $22 million worth of wheat the past, rol11ng in money. Washington's And finally, it is outrageous that the Government of the United States should and butter with letters of credit from Intra Group Health Association, which the AMA Bank. so strongly opposed 40 years ago, now attracts be connected in any way, however tenu­ Originally, Agriculture's shares a.mounted more doctors than it can hire. Salaries start ous, with the discriminatory, anti­ to 14 per cent of Intra's stock but were re­ above $30,000 and approach $60,000 for doc­ semitic blackmail being practiced by duced to half that six years ago when Agri­ tors with eight years' seniority. Fringe bene­ Arab firms and investors today. culture received more than $11 m111ion from fits total $20,000, and the five-day week de­ I am inserting this story, entitled "U.S. the sale of the Intra Bank building in New mands about 20 hours less than most other York City. · physicians put in. The average physician, who in Strange Partnership," in the RECORD for the information of my colleagues: Buckley's interest was triggered by re­ nets $50,000 and works a 55-hour week, ports that go back over the nine years of U.S. IN STRANGE PARTNERSHIP doesn't come out any better than a first­ U.S. participation, to 1966, when Intra went year internist at GHA. (By Thomas O'Toole) bankrupt. AGE SPLIT The controlling shareholders of a thriving The reports involve the mysterious dlsap· The point ls not lost on younger physicians. Lebanese business called Intra Investment pea.ranee, reappearance, and death of Youssef A poll of Harvard medical students taken in Co. are a curious mix. Beidas, onetime managing director of Intra 1959 found that fewer than 10% favored The tiny sheikdom of Qatar 1s a share­ Bank. They involve Marcel Paul Francisi, group practice or national health insurance. holder. So ls the government of Lebanon. once manager of Intra.'s gambling casino and Of those polled in 1971, 98% favored group The oil-rich kingdom of Kuwait ts the largest identifled by a congressional committee as practice and 81 % wanted national health single stockholder, and the second largest one of Europe's leading traffickers in narco­ insurance. The split carries over to practicing ls the U.S. Department of Agriculture. tics. physicians as well. Where only one-third of Now in its ninth year of ownership in · Finally, the reports involve fugitive finan­ those over 45 favor PSROs, the corresponding Intra., the Agriculture Department has a man cier Robert L. Vesco, who tried four years figure for doctors under 45 is 55 %. on the board of directors of this $230 million ago to buy his way into Intra using his in· So the days of rugged individualism in company, which controls 55 subsidiaries. fiuence at the Nixon White House. medicine are fading. The change won't be an These include the busy Middle East Airlines, Documents on file at the Agriculture De­ unmitigated disaster for the doctors. Nor a booming shipyard in Ma.rsellles known as partment show Vesco's role in the Intra af­ will it be all gravy for the consumers, since La Ciotat, and a spectacular Beirut gambling fair started Nov. 16, 1971, when he called on regulation means bureaucracy. But this is casino at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea the American embassy in Beirut to discuss the way things are going, and the doctor of called Casino du Llban. dealing himslf into Intra. A month later. CXXI--1401-Part 17 22242 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 two of Vesco's associates discussed such a At the time, Beidas was carrying $37,000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I would like to deal with Agriculture officials here. in ca.sh and traveler's checks, plus the keys The terms were that Vesco would make a to safe deposit boxes in several European call the attention of my colleagues to the cash loan of $20 million to Intra that Vesco countries. He was released from prison on editorial that appeared in the Washing­ could convert into Intra stock five years bail, but never lived to go to trial. One re­ ton Star on July 9 relative to the Presi­ later. In the five-year interim, Vesco would port is that he died of cancer in a Swiss dent avoiding Solzhenitsyn. It is further offer the management expertise of his In­ hospital, another that he committed suicide evidence of a growing feeling that the ternational Controls Corp. to help guide in a. Swiss hotel. President made a mistake that he should Intra. Agriculture officials say they would love still remedy. The documents show that Vesco and his as­ to extricate themselves from Intra, but ap­ The editorial follows: sociates had at least six meetings with Agri­ parently there is no easy way for them to culture officials in Beirut and Washington, do it. SNUBBING SOLZHENITSYN in which they urged Agriculture to recom­ A little over a year ago, Agriculture went After first suggesting that President Ford's mend that the rest of Intra's directors il.C­ so far as to advertise in The Wall Street "crowded schedule" left no room for Alex­ cept Vesco's offer. Journal that its 7 per cent share in Intra andr Solzhenitsyn last week, the White At one point in the discussions, a cable was up for sale. Four bids came in, one from House has finally admitted that "foreign from the agricultural attache in Beirut asked an owner of a supermarket chain in Wichita, policy considerations" played a part. for instructions on how to treat Vesco "be­ another from the First Arabian Corp., a The President ls a busy man; one is reluct­ cause of alleged White House interests third from a Lebanese mlllionaire named ant to make too much of this ridiculous through Ehrlichman." Michel Elie Doumet and the fourth from a incident, which no excuse could possibly One Agriculture official who asked to re­ Saudi named S. S. Olayan living in Beirut. excuse. main anonymous said White House domes­ Doumet bid $7.7 million, Olayan $10.2 Mr. Solzhenitsyn should have been re­ tic adviser John D. Ehrlichman never pres­ million. The other two made no firm cash ceived at the White House-not as a symbol sured Agriculture on Vesco, but that Vesco offers. But Agriculture quietly withdrew its of "freedom," not as a buddy of George and his associates implied that the White offer, never bothering to answer any of the Meany's, not because it might disgruntle House was supporting Vesco's attempt to buy bidders for its shares. A Washington lawyer Mr. Brezhnev, but rather because he is one bis way into Intra. who represented Olayan said he assumed of the few living masters of the written "They'd always be a half hour or an hour that one of the other controll1ng stockhold­ word, a Nobel laureate and a distinguished late for our meetings," the official recalled. ers had exercised an option to buy out the guest. His political opinions and his example "Then when they arrived they'd apologize Agriculture Department. in the resistance to oppression are important: for the delay with the explanation that One of the key factors in Agriculture's but their importance derives in large measure they'd run overtime in their meeting with continued holdings in Intra is that the other from his distinction as a man of letters. Ehrlichman." major stockholders, Lebanon, Kuwait and His snubbing at the White House, like the Just after it was reporteed in 1972 that Qatar, have first refusal rights to any sell exaggerated attention given last week to his Vesco was under investigation by the Se­ offer. La.st year, Lebanon voiced its intention attack on detente, shows how few rituals in curities and Exchange Commission, the then to exercise that right, which is the reason this town break free of politics, even when Attorney General, John N. Mitchell, cabled Agriculture never seriously considered any of t hey should. Those who advised Mr. Ford U.S. Ambassador to Lebanon William Buf­ the four outside bids. t o forget courtesy for "foreign pollcy con­ fum that Mitchell and the White House But Lebanon then quietly let its option siderations" have set a poor standard for "had the utmost confidence. in the integrity expire. Lebanon, Kuwait and Qatar appear presidential hospitallty. (It is an alarming of Robert Vesco," who was in Beirut to seek content to let things stand the way they thought, by the way, that relations with the Buffum's help. are. Not only is the Agriculture Department Soviet Union are so delicate as to be dis­ But Buffum refused to see Vesco, ignoring a solid board member, but its $10.2 million combobulated by the reception of a writer.) Mitchell's cable. The Intra board rejected investment is the equivalent of an interest­ Americans expect a certain independence Vesco's offer, partly because Intra. felt it did free loan of at least the same size. of political protocol in their Presidents. We not need Vesco's $20 mlllion, partly becaUSP­ The Intra Investment Co. today is one of have come a long way-too far, some would of the terms that would have been so favor­ the great success stories of the Middle East. sa.y--since Thomas Jefferson wore his bed­ able to Vesco, and partly because of Vesco's Profits jumped to more than $6 mlll1on 1n room slippers to dinner at the White House growing troubles with the SEC. 1973, then more than doubled a year ago to because he guessed, correctly, that his attire A prominent concern of Buckley's is $16 million. might offend the minister of Great Britain. Intra's control of the Casino du Liban in The caisno went from a $1 million loss in Beirut, now one of the three biggest casinos 1970 to a $3 million profit last year. The 1n the world and possibly the most profit­ shipyard had accumulated losses of $16 able. m1llion up to 1972, reported a profit a year A TRIBUTE TO A FINE NEWSMAN Agriculture officials who have served either ago and now expects earnings of $100 mU­ as Intra directors in Beirut or backstage di­ llon over the next four years. Among the rectors in Washington say they know little things that helped the shipyard turn the cor­ ner was an order from Kuwait for four large HON. JEROME A. AMBRO of the casino. One official says only that the OF NEW YORK casino has a good floor show, which he said tankers. he saw once during a trip t.o Beirut. And The plum in Intra's pie is Middle Ea.st IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Airlines, long considered one of the world's onetime attache William Hnrbaly said, "WP Thursday, July 10, 1975 had to be above reproach over there." richest. Its fleet of jetliners is paid off. Its No one in Agriculture with any Intra. ties routes through the oU rich Middle Ea.st now Mr. AMBRO. Mr. Speaker, I was sad­ said he recognized the n ame Marcel Paul make its "load factor" the highest in the dened to learn recently of the sudden Francisi. A report in "The Heroin Trail," a world, triggering an explosion of profits that and untimely passing of Mr. Gerhard book based on a Pulitzer-Prize winning went from $2 million in 1970 to $12 million Hirseland, the publisher of the Observer/ series in Newsday, identified Francis! as the in 1973. So well off is Intra today that it plans Tribune Community Newspapers, Long concessionaire who once ran the gaming Island. tables at the casino. The book identified to begin paying dividends this year, which Fra.ncisi as a drug trafficker and said, "He is is one more in the long list of ironies that Mr. Hirseland, who was co-owner and a millionaire many times over . . . He is also confronts the Agriculture Department. publisher of the chain of three news­ The agreement that Agriculture signed nine papers, the Farmingdale Observer, the the dominant figure of the French-Corsican years ago when it entered the Intra partner­ underworld ..." Massapequa Observer and the Levittown ship states that it cannot accept any divi­ 20 The details of how Francis! managed his dends or recover any more than its original Tribune, had been a newsman for way into the casino may have died almost claim against Intra Bank. So any dividends years. His "Observation Points" column eight years ago with Youssef Beidas, the paid to Agriculture will go right back to which appeared each week was a suc­ man who was managing Intra. Bank at the Intra Investment Co. cinct and reasoned discussion of what he time of its collapse nine years ago. perceived to be the problems confronting When the bank failed, Beidas disappeared. He was indicted for bank fraud 1n Lebanon, the Nation. France, and Switzerland, where Intra held Mr. Hirseland was a man of strong property and owed sizable sums to creditors. SNUBBING SOLZHENITSYN convictions and a man who loved the Beidas reappeared 1n Brazil, which refused United States. Born in Germany in 1927, to e:i..-tradite him to any of the three coun· he came to this country in 1954 and be­ tries. HON. LARRY McDONALD gan his news career as a society reporter In November, 1967, Beidas showed up in OF GEORGIA for the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung & Switzerland and was arrested for a traffic violation. He was driving a large American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Herold in New York City. He was, at the car with New Jersey license plates and wa.51 Thursday, July 10, 1975 same time, a free lance correspondent carrying a. forged Bra.zllia.n passport. Swiss for a number of European business news­ police discovered the passport was forged Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. papers, as well as a publicist for the when he was unable to reply to an inter­ Speaker, further to my comments con­ German-American Chamber of Com­ preter speaking Portuguese. tained on page 21642 of the July 8 merce. He was active, too, in journalists' July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22243

professional organizatt~ns. and belonged White House and Departments of State or dependence, he said, would make it "Just like to the Association of Auierican business Defense and Congressional actions (e.g., CBS." writers, was a director of the Nassau votes)." He said that while VOA emphasizes "posi­ County Press Association, and a member The order angered some Voice employees tive" news a.bout the United States, this does because it seemed to conflict with VOA's not mean broadcasts "gloss over the nega­ of the New York Press Association. charter of being "a consistently reliable and tive." Despite occasional pressure from State We, who have followed his column and authoritative source of news. VOA news will Department officials to "soften" its coverage, read his papers, will miss him, and my be accurate, objective and comprehensive." he added, there has been no change in VOA's deepest sympathy and best wishes are It also brought VOA and. its parent agency. basic policy of reporting "warts and a.IL" extended to his widow, Mrs. ma Hirse­ USIA, under scrutiny by Rep. Bella. Abzug's Kopp said Watergate was perhaps the "big­ land, and their two children, Gerhard House Government Operations Subcommit­ gest wart" but that VOA coverage was "full and Marion. tee. And it set off a. new debate over whether and complete." The Voice "didn't deny it to insulate VOA from Government policy­ was a very serious problem," he said, but the makers. scandals were kept in perspective. Ka.menske and Eugene P. Kopp, Deputy VOA reports were designed to tell foreign USIA Director, differed in separate inter­ audiences the U.S. Constitution "has bullt­ VOICE OF AMERICA: DOES IT SPEAK views over whether the Vietnam limitations FOR POLICY OR FOR TRUTH? in remedies for abuse and this is what you're should have been imposed. witnessing." In addition, it stressed the Kopp said the order was "unique" and re­ Watergate scandal was "all smoked out by HON. JIM WRIGHT flected the critical situation ln Saigon. Given the investigative activities of a. free press, the volatile situation just before the Com­ the system is working and the society is not OF TEXAS munist takeover, Kopp said, speculation coming a.part." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES a.bout an early U.S. evacuation could have ca.used panic and endangered American lives. News chief Kamenske says "We had a lot of Thursday, July 10, 1975 He said that was true even though the trouble telling the story of Watergate,'' not commercial television networks, the wire because of Government pressure but because Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, as a mem­ services and the BBC were carrying fuller of VOA restrictions on the use of unidenti­ ber of Congress I have had an opportu­ reports of the pullout, including congres­ fied sources and the need for two independ­ nity to witness many great changes in sional pressure to speed the evacuation rather ent sources for each story. America and the world-the civil rights than send more military aid to South Viet­ On the other hand, he said, the Voice's tie movement, the decline of colonialism, nam. to government does pose problems. For ex­ Kamenske, who has worked for the Voice ample, VOA reporters are denied credentials our involvement in Vietnam, and the for the House and Senate press galleries. Watergate crisis. Throughout all these since 1955, felt "uncomfortable" with the coverage limitations, which he says occurred There are also problems covering the White momentous events, one institution has more often on Vietnam than on any other House and State Department. been a symbol f>f America to millions of foreign stories. But he understood the rea­ "Our governmental link has a. tendency to people throughout the world. soning behind them and went a.long. be rather limiting in this respect," Ka.menske The Voice of America has represented "The people out there," Kamenske said, said. our people and Nation to our friends and gesturing toward the newsroom, "were "To be effective, the organization has to enemies alike. brought up in the tradition of American be absolutely, impeccably truthful," and to In reporting our shortcomings as well journalism ... and they don't believe in provide that truth, VOA needs more protec­ selective reporting. They know and I know tion from government, Ka.menske said. as our triumphs, the Voice offers an hon­ that we a.re an important source of truth in Kopp and Kamenske ditl'er over the recom­ est self-appraisal that is a most effec­ the world\ and we destroy the sum total of mendations offered by a. panel headed by tive export of democracy. The Voice has knowledge if we do less. former CBS President Frank Stanton. These reported change and confilct at home as "How inadequate would I be if I said that would establish VOA as an independent well as in Eastern Europe and Asia. The I wasn't horrified, disgusted, unhappy . . . agency under a. five-member board of over­ impact of truth serves to point out the that we had to in some way moderate, ad­ seers. contrast between totalitarian forms of just if you will, a charter principle." Kopp said the report carries "a very defi­ Kopp has no second thoughts. He said he nite indication that VOA would not have to government and the system that was and USIA Director James Keogh were have any concern about the effect of its created in Philadelphia 199 years ago. "proud" of the directive even though it broadcasts on U.S. policy and U.S. interests. Unfortunately, there are still some "made some of what they call 'pure jour­ You would be unable to distinguish the con­ Government officials who would im­ nalists' at the VOA very unhappy." He said tent from the commercial media. pose limits on the truth about Amer­ these staffers don't understand that foreign "I don't believe there's any justification for ica. And their solution is much the listeners belie7e the VOA "speaks for the taxpayer support of an international broad­ same-censorship of the Voice of United States Government." casting organization that is not serving and "It's true that this information (on the supporting U.S. policy interests." America. evacuation) was being broadcast by other Kamenske, however, agrees that the Voice This past week United Press Interna­ sources and heard in Vietnam," Kopp said, "needs a strong protective belt" to guard tional writer Cheryl Arvidson wrote an "but those other broadcasts were not per­ against undue pressure from Government article titled "Should the Voice of Amer­ ceived as the voice of the United States, and policymakers. ica Speak for the U.S. Policymakers or therein lies the ditl'erence." He said the Stanton group's recommenda­ for Truth?" I urge every Member to read He said the Voice also has a. responsibllity tion for a. five-member governing board and reflect on the implications of this to reflect "Americana-the diversity of life probably would not be enough protection question. Under unanimous consent, I in the United States, aspects of our culture, since two members would be high State De­ our institutions and our people. (There is a partment officials who could be "more per­ am submitting the article for printing need) to emphasize the positive aspects of suasive" than the three public members. at this point in the RECORD: the United States. Private journalism doesn't Kopp said VOA already ls "very well pro­ SHOULD Vo!cE OF .AMERICAN SPEAK FOR UNITED have this variety of concerns." tected against the unusual and excessive STATES POLICYMAKER OR FOR TRUTH? Kopp said it 1s important to draw a. distinc­ pressure from the policy makers" by USIA, (By Cheryl Arvidson) tion between VOA staffers and other journa.1- it.a pa.rent organization. He said USIA often WASHINGTON.-"In Darker Days in the life ists. As he told an Abzug subcommittee hear­ fields protests from the State Department or of our Nation, we told the world: 'The news ing May 20, "I would hope the people who its ambassadors "and decides the Voice is may be good or bad, but we shall tell you work for VOA understand that they work right." the truth.' And it is important to remember for the government of the United States of "We a.re as much a shield for the VOA as that we strive to know the truth and tell America.." we are a. club to them," Kopp said. it." To those who question VOA's credibility These were the concluding words of a overseas because of its close ties to policy­ memo to Voice of America staffers by two makers, Kopp responds: "I don't accept the senior officials, Alan Heil, chief of news and philosophy that untll you're absolutely im­ OPERATION SAIL LAUNCHED current affairs, and Bernard Kamenske, head mersed in the worst and the most negative of the news division. of the United States you don't have credi­ The note ended a YOA policy of restricting bility. HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG information carried by the Voice during the "The only way you lose credibllity is when U.S. evacuation from Saigon. you get caught not telling the truth." OF FLORmA The poUcy, outlined earlier by Hell and Critics notwithstanding, Kopp said the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Voice is performing its proper function by Kamenske at the direction of their superiors Thursday, July 10, 1975 in the U.S. Information Agency and the providing a channel of communication "that State Department, limited YOA's worldwide articulates, clarifies and supports" U.S. for­ Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, broadcasts to "official statements of the eign policy. Any move to give the agency in- on Friday, June 27, 1975, in St. Peters- 22244 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 burg, Fla., Miss Susan Ford, our Presi­ SoUTHWEST GREASE & . On. Co. A customer is not someone to argue or dent's daughter, broke a bottle of cham­ (PENNA.), INC., match wits with. Bakerstown, Pa., July 1, 1975. A customer is a person who brings us his pagne over the hull of a 41-foot yacht, DEAR EMPLOYEES: In just a couple of days wants-it is our job to fill those wants. and christened the ship Op Sail '76. we will be celebrating the 199th birthday of A customer is deserving of the most courte­ Through this action, Miss Ford launched our great country. On July 1, 1975 we will ous and attentive treatment we can give the executive flagship of a bicentennial start the countdown to our 200th Anniver­ him. project which will be one of the most sary. We all should be very proud of this her­ A customer is the lifeblood of this and spectacular events in this Nation's 200th itage, but I'm sure many of us are disap­ every other business. birthday celebration-Operati on Sail. pointed and confused as to some of the cur­ Again, I urge you to study over the above The yacht, a Morgan Out-Island, was rent happenings within our governmental "Ten Commandments for Good Business" agencies. Hopefully, the bicentennial cele­ and use the enclosed Southwest pencil to donated by the Morgan Yacht Corp. of bration on July 4, 1976 will find this Country check them off, and/ or underline them, so St. Petersburg, Fla. It was therefore ap­ united in purpose and proper goal. that they can be committed to your memory propriate that St. Petersburg was the Across my desk comes many items of mate­ when you are here at work. site for the christening ceremonies and rial which I read. One such item recently Cordially, that the "Sunshine City" was designated read by me was THOUGHTS ON AMERICA FRED A. WERBE, President. as Op Sail '76's first port of call. The written my William Arthur Ward. I believe yacht has now sailed to visit as many in America, too, and want to share with you other ports as possible along the Gulf Mr. Ward's comments on America, which I and Atlantic coasts before July 4, 1976- personally subscribe to totally: OUR STAKE IN PANAMA to introduce people, especially our THOUGHTS ON AMERICA youth-to the principles and pleasures of I believe in America. I believe it became great because of its sailing. Moreover, Op Sail '76 will be pro­ faith in God, its hope for independence, and HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO moting the Bicentennial extravaganza its love of freedom. OF CALIFORNIA involving a large assemblage of sailing I am grateful for America's glorious past; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ships from all over the world. These I am awed by its unbelievable present; I am ships, including four-masted windjam­ confident of its limitless future. Thursday, July 10, 1975 mers, will help to honor America's mari­ I am not ashamed to take my hat off and to Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I time history, with their visit culminat­ stand at attention when Old Glory passes by, would like to bring to the attention of ing in a marine parade in New York I do not apologize for the lump in my throat when I repeat the Pledge of Allegiance. my colleagues the fallowing excellent Harbor on July 4, 1976. I am not embarrassed by the tears in my editorial, "Our Stake in Panama", which Mr. Speaker, it was indeed a pleasure eyes when I hear "The Star-Spangled Ban­ appeared in my home-county newspaper, for me to have been called upon to par­ ner". the Ventura Star Free Press. Because of ticipate in the christening of the Op Sail Like millions of Americans, I want a free the potential seriousness of the Canal '76 wit'h Miss Ford. I was especially choice, not a free handout. I prefer an oppor­ Zone decision, I am sure my colleagues pleased to have noted the enthusiastic tunity to prove my abilities on the job rather will find the editorial of great interest. response the President's daughter and than a license to demonstrate my frustra­ tions in the street. 0uR STAKE IN PANAMA OP Sail '76 received from the large I am an old-fashioned American with a Panama has suddenly turned up on the crowd of spectators which included hun­ new-found determination to do my part to list of places we might some day be called dreds of young Americans. make democracy work. upon to fight another guerrilla war. America's Bicentennial is an event to be WILLIAM ARTHUR WARD. That's the bottom-line argument by those shared by all, and it is with great pride Please have a very happy and enjoyable who would have the United States concede that I wish Operation Sail success and Independence Day this coming Friday, and greater Panamanian sovereignty over the thank the Morgan Yacht Corp. for mak­ I hope that you ·appreciate and understand Canal Zone in rewriting our treaty there. the above comments by William Arthur Ward. President Theodore Roosevelt pulled off a ing it possible for my city of St. Peters­ Cordially, tremendous coup in 1903 when the present burg to play such a prominent role as the FRED A. WERBE, President. treaty was approved, getting approval from U.S.A . .celebrates our Bicentennial year. an embryo Panamanian government little prepared for such matters. Panama had just SOUTHWEST GREASE & seceded from Colombia, with some encourage­ On. Co. {PENNA.), INC., ment from our government. Bakerstown, Pa., June 10, 1975. Now the highly nationalistic Panamanians DRAFT RECORD INSERTION DEAR EMPLOYEES: For the last several are chafing under the terms of the pact. months I have been writing you monthly They don't like having a 500-square-mile letters regarding our organization here at strip of their country ruled by a foreign Bakerstown. Last October I mentioned that power-forever, as the treaty specifies. HON. GARY A. MYERS the name of the ball game was making a Our ambassador there, Ellsworth Bunker, OF PENNSYLVANIA profit, and a company that doesn't is head­ Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing for the trash heap. I also said at that Panama's Foreign Minister Juan Tack are time, that making a profit isn't as easy as getting close to a new agreement, which Thursday, July 10, 1975 a lot of people on the outside like to think would grant greater control of the Canal Mr. MYERS of Pennsylvania. Mr. that it is. Zone to Mr. Tack's country. Speaker, recently I received a number of Recently, I noticed in a publication that The terms have not been worked out, but crossed my desk the "Ten Commandments the proposal is heading for rough sailing any­ letters from a prominent businessman in for Good Business". I would like for each way. Already a group of 37 in the U.S. Sen­ Bakerstown, Pa. of you to read this over carefully, and you ate, which would have to ratify the agree­ He is Mr. Fred A. Werbe, president of will notice that the word "Customer" is. ment have said "no." Led by South Carolina the Southwest Grease & Oil Co., Inc. in fact, the lifeblood of this business. With­ Republican Strom Thurmond and Arkansas Mr. Werbe frequently communicates out customers, we all would be without jobs, Democrat John McClellan, the group advo­ with his employees and in two recent in­ security, and income for our families and cated "retention of undiluted U.S. sovereignty stances had something to say to them ourselves. over the Canal Zone." TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR GOOD BUSINESS we intend to line up with the senators which I think is worthy of sharing with and Rep. Daniel Flood, D.-Pa., who calls my colleagues. As a patriot and a man A customer is the most important person the canal "the jugular of hemispheric de­ concerned with the well-being of his in any business. fense"-to say nothing of trade. country and our people, Mr. Werbe's A customer is not dependent on us-we It seems unwise to surrender the respon­ comments to his employees on the are dependent on him. sibility for defending such a crucial shipping Fourth of July are of particular perti­ A customer is not an interruption of our lane to such a small nation. It might not be nence. His second letter reflects some of work-he is the purpose of 1t. able to protect the 50-mile canal. And there's his views on profits, and whlle this may A customer does us a favor when he calls-- always the possibility that Panama would we a.re not doing him a favor by serving him. seek to prohibit on its own certain countries' be a dirty word to some people, I, to the A customer is a part of our business-not ships from using the channel (including contrary share Mr. Werbe's views on the an outsider. ours) due to some international tension of necessity of making a profit to provide A customer is not a cold statistic-he ls a the moment. jobs for Americans who need them. fiesh-and-blood human being with feelings The other side contends that Panamanian The letters are as fallows: and emotions 11.ke our own. militants will ultimately be moved to guer- July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22245 rllla attacks on the Zone to rid themselves ment and safer products, can be attained dent, is a leader in this effort. The dis­ of our control of their land. without the inflationary impact that reg­ tinguished journalist William V. Shan­ Certainly the U.S. can defend a 50-mile ulation brings, and public policy should non, in a column in the New York Times strip of land just 10 miles wide, we hear our­ be revised to this end. But ... we need to yesterday, detailed the degree to which selves say. President Ford has attempted to reverse But can we? We don't have to merely main­ examine more closely the phenomenon of tain control of the Canal Zone, we have to government-mandated price increases. our progress toward conservation of nat­ keep the canal open. Given a sufficiently It is likely that this unwanted phenome­ ural resources in the name of a false dedicated rebel movement, that might be a non will be with us for some time--at recovery. As Mr. Shannon points out: sometime thing. The sabotage sinking of least until consumers and their repre­ There 1s no evidence that protecting the ships passing through the locks doesn't sentatives recognize the problem and nation's air, land, and water retards the sound all that difficult. urge changes in public policy." economy. On the contrary, a sound economy We might -wind up in the same kind of During my tenure in Congress, I have can only be based on an understanding of quagmire we just escaped in Indochina. And become increasingly concerned over the nature's resources and limits. there would be no withdrawal, because that would mean no canal passage, a military and actions of the Occupational Safety and We have a bipartisan tradition of con­ maritime disaster. Health Administration. There is no servation going back 70 years, to the era Those who propose loosening our grip on question that the Federal Government of Teddy Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot. the Canal Zone say merely increasing Pan­ has a legitimate role to play in attempt­ I am happy to say that many of us, on ama's revenue from its use won't pacify that ing to cut down on industrial accidents. both sides of the aisle, remain commit­ nation. It might not, but it would. still be a However, the extremely complex OSHA ted to this spirit. good idea. Panama now gets so preposterously regulations go far beyond what is neces­ Because I think it is important that little from the canal operation it would have sary for improved industrial safety. The we all understand the full scope of the little stake in opposing any militants who complexity of the regulations requires decided to launch a campaign against our administration's efforts, and the degree interests there. even very small businesses to retain their to which the President has abandoned Whichever way we move, we're gambling on own attorneys to insure that they are this honored tradition in the name of the political stability of Panama. In a volatile complying with the OSHA rules. political expediency, I would like to world, it would be best that we take our In addition, the planned industrial in­ share Mr. Shannon's essay with my col­ chances on maintaining the sovereignty we vestments in health and safety equip­ leagues. now have. To relinquish it might mean a fu­ ment will rise from $2.5 billion in 1972 The essay follows: ture invasion of Panama should some up­ to $3.4 billion in 1977. If we go to the THE DISPOSABLE ISS UE heaval there threaten our key Atlantic­ stiff noise standards supported by the Paciflc link. (By W1lliam V. Shannon) Environmental Protection Agency, the WASHINGTON, July 8.-0ne day last week compliance cost is expected to rise to President Ford flew into Cincinnati through $31.6 billion. a. dense smog to dedicate the National En­ Other examples abound on the cost of vironmental Research Center. Although a ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT Federal regulations. One classic example pollution alert was in effect, Mr. Ford de­ is that the cos't of a commercial airline livered a speech that thickened the air with flight from Boston to Washington is additional noxious materials. HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST It is time for a "detent with nature," the OF vmGINIA more than double the cost of a flight President said. But it was soon apparent that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from San Francisco to Los Angeles. The he was offering nature the kind of disarma­ only discernible reason for the dis­ ment agreement that Leonid Brezhnev would Thursday, July 10, 1975 parity in cost is that the Boston to Wash­ never buy. Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I ington :flights are regulated by the Civil "If accomplishing every worthy environ­ am today introducing legislation direct­ Aeronautics Board. The CAB does not mental objective would slow down our effort ing the Congressional Budget Office to regulate the San Francisco to Los to regain energy independence a.nd a strong­ Angeles flights, of course, because they er economy, then I must weigh all factors prepare an economic impact statement involved," he said. for each bill reported in the Senate or are intrastate. There ls no evidence that protecting the House of Representatives and for each Mr. Speaker, I am hopeful that the nation's air, land and water retards the rule or regulation proposed by any Fed- legislation I have introduced today will economy. On the contrary, a sound economy - eral agency. These statements will con­ serve to heighten the consciousness of can only be based on a.n understanding of tain an analysis of the direct and in­ the Members of Congress concerning the nature's resources and limits. But once a direct costs of the bill or proposed regu­ impact of our actions and the actions of politician starts to "weigh" dirty air against lation on employment, production, and the Federal agencies on our economic additional jobs or to explain how industrial conditions. In my judgment, we would be progress at the cost of only a. few thousand the rate of inflation. They will be ap­ extra cases of emphysema. would boost the pended as a part of each bill and made less inclined to approve many measures gross national product, there is no doubt available to each Member of Congress. if we had a .clearer understanding of that he is on the side of the polluters. The severe inflation which we have ex­ their impact on inflation and unemploy­ Mr. Ford-in the double-jointed prose that perienced over the past two years and ment. Senator HUMPHREY has introduced is supposed to suggest fairness-said, "I the recession which has resulted from a similar bill, S. 1169, in that body. I urge cherish the outdoors but . . . I pursue the this inflation has caused officials in the my colleagues in both the House and goal of clean air a.nd pure water but. . . " Senate to act promptly on these The President who on most days of the public sector as well as many business week is able to regard the miseries of the leaders to examine the pressures on our measures. unemployed with remarkable fortitude, bor­ economy which have resulted in this un­ dering on indifference, remembers them only precedented inflation. I have become when the claims of the environment are convinced that a major root cause of THE DISPOSABLE ISSUE: PRESI­ urged upon him. our current economic difficulties is exces­ DENT FORD'S RECORD ON THE "Unemployment is as real and as sicken­ sive government regulation which has ENVIRONMENT ing a blight as any pollutant that threat­ ens thie nation," he cried out to the chemi­ become particularly pronounced over the cal-laden skies over Cincinnati. past decade. Several economists have be­ Throughout his eleven months ln office, gun to highlight the impact of Federal HON. MORRIS K. UDALL Mr. Ford has shown that he regards the en­ regulation on inflation in recent writ­ OF ARIZONA vironment as a. throwaway, "no deposit--no ings. A particularly good analysis is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES return" issue. contained in the book entitled Govern­ The Ford Administration allows overcut­ ment-Mandated Price Increases, A Ne­ Thursday, July 10, 1975 ting of the national forests. Despite the many glected Aspect of Inflation by Murray Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, one of the dedicated career people in the Forest Serv­ most troubling aspects of our economic ice, the timber industry, in effect, dictates Weidenbaum. excessive logging quotas to the Forest Serv­ Mr. Weidenbaum uses many examples distress has been the effort by some in ice and gets away with "clear cutting" and to dramatize the point that the consum­ our society to pose a counterfeit choice other Teckless practices. ing public is paying an extremely high for the Nation between a healthy en­ When the Forest Service in accordance price for the protection received from vironment for our people and sufficient with the Wilderness Act had under consid­ Federal agencies. "Worthy objectives," employment to restore prosperity. eration the upgrading of the legal protection he points out, "such as a cleaner environ- Our former colleague, now the Presi- afforded to the Idaho-8almon River Brea.ks 222116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 Primitive Area, the largest and most spec­ would hope that everyone would care­ services, city planners, ecologists, fishing tacular wilderness in the lower 48 states, the fully read her article which is reprinted companies, prospectors, mapmakers, dam­ service wanted to add contiguous areas. Sec­ here: builders and many other concerned with retary of Agriculture Earl Butz overruled earth's resources and environment. We have the foresters and instead deleted 300,0QP MAN DOES MATTER--THE TRUE STORY OF covered to date most of the 'C'nited States acres from the primitive area to open it up SKYLAB and 33 other countries. for logging by Boise-Cascade. (By Barbara M. Greenwood) Among the most crucial of Skylab's experi­ President Ford is leaning toward rev1s1on The story of Skylab is the story of innova­ ments is man, himself, especially how he re­ of a Nixon Executive order which would per­ tion, ingenuity, skill, dedication and, most sponds and adapts to weightlessness in pro­ mit a return to the poisoning of predaltors, of all, courage. It is the story of crises, for longed space flight. The outcome of these a hideous practice devastating to eagles and our Skylab sustained a major failure im­ experiments will add greater knowledge of numerous other species. mediately upon liftoff! It is also a story of our bodily functions thereby aiding doctors Because emission control would increase team efi'ort by fiight controllers nursing a to fight human illnesses. the cost of cars, President Ford has urged disabled spaceship and, later, of engineers, There are, unfortunately, people, who are postponing clean air standards for auto­ technicians at NASA plus the ingenuity of not only uninformed, but have misconcep­ mobiles until 1981. industry developing ways and means to save tions a.bout our space program. Worse than Mr. Ford has twice vetoed a moderaite blll both the ship and each succeeding mission. this, it is tragic that they make misrepre­ to regulate strip mining, a needlessly savage About a minute after launch of Skylab I, sentations about it to others. This is hap­ form of mineral ex:ploi~tion. we had a story that surpassed any science pening in Congress today! He chose the egregious Stanley K. Hath­ fiction on the newsstand today I We lost an Dr. Frederick Seitz, president of the Rocke­ away as Secretary of the Interior, whose rec­ 800-pound meteoroid shield which, 1n turn, feller University in New York, stated, "When ord as Governor of Wyoming was so bad that ripped away one orbital workshop solar wing future generations of mankind contemplate conservationists greeted his nominaition with and jammed the other. Skylab's available scientific knowledge made possible by the a chorus of groans. power supply was then cut in half. Fortu­ space program, they may well wonder what The dreary llst could go on to include all nately, the Apollo telescope mount and its manner of men the doubters were". The the surrenders to the oll industry on every solar panels had properly extended. This was history of the human race is a continued oil-related issue, to the commercial develop­ Skylab's lifeboat until our first crew could struggle from darkness to light. It serves us, ers on the land-use bill, to the cattlemen on be launched and begin the momentous repair therefore, no purpose to discuss the use of control of the Southwestern wildllfe refuges, work. Thus began the first job in history knowledge-man wants to know-when he and to economic interests in planning the which sa~aged a $21h b1llion project! ceases to do so, he is no longer man! The future of Alaska. Which brings a salient fact to mind, that goals of man's space flight are firmly en­ Throughout these months, President Ford man is the necessary link in a satellite sys­ has a.voided environmentalists who might tem-to repair, maintain and operate-inte­ trenched to a critical national and world challenge these disastrous policies. He found grated packaging, if you please-of man and objective-our quality of life on this earth time to meet with industrialists, cattlemen, his ingenuity which emphatically supports and survival itself! and lumbermen not to mention assorted the training, skills and professionalism (as The· space programs have been a stimulus golfers and football players. But he stead­ well as the courage and improvisation) that to imagination and creativity. However, we fastly refused to meet with the heads of the makes for the superb preparation of our Americans are a blase lot when it comes to nation's leading conservation organizations astronauts. Skylab dramatized the fact that technological achievements principally be­ even though environmental issues are-next man, working in combination with auto­ cause we do not understand that our space to world peace-the most important prob­ mated instruments, can far more fully ex­ technology has contributed largely to our lems facing mankind. plore and utilize space for world benefit comfort and advantage. Our ho-hum atti­ Finally, the conservation leaders were told than either can alone! A country, such as tude should dissolve in light of our Skylab that if they wanted to charter a plane and ours-which has a free enterprise system­ par excellence for our outer spacemanship fiy to Cincinnati, they could have a half­ will allow us to perfect our "payload of the has overcome monstrous technical difficul­ hour or so with the President after his future"-the space shuttle-to be the co­ ties. Indeed, we have begun a new era in our speech. Since most of them have offices 1n hesive linkage which wm give us all the bene­ life's history for we have established that Washington, it was a bizarre and energy­ fits of both earth resources and solar-space man is capable of living in space as well wasting way to arrange a meeting but they technology. as merely moving through it. complied, a.ware that they might only be The earth resources data has shown (along Space research has spawned the most so­ straight men in another Presidential public with solar telescope data.) that space has a phisticated technology in the history of man­ relations exercise. very definite role in helping mankind in kind. It has Interwoven itself among every Laurance Rockefeller, a brother of the Vice solving some of our problems that confront conceivable science, profession and craft to President, opened the meeting by telling Mr. us today. Truly, we a.re navigating a new produce offshoots which hold great promise-­ Ford thait he was "overwhelmed with grati­ ocean! and perhaps our only hope-for the future. tude" for the opportunity to meet with him. The sun is probably the single most em­ These new techniques include systems engi­ Mr. Rockefeller may believe thait in dealing cient nuclear device that we know about and neering, computerization and microminia­ With the powerful, flattery goes a long way. yet we need to better understand what is turization. The dollar value of this high level Most conservationists are likely to think Mr. happening around us. For yea.rs-in coopera­ of technology is inestimable. It can also be Ford's whole pattern of conduct deeply of­ tion with NASA-we have studied the sun stated, quite flatly, that if we are to solve the fensive. Unless he changes course, they may with automated orbiting solar observatories pressing social problems of today-pollution, well conclude that when it comes to throw­ and yet, in just one four-week stay of a Sky­ ecological imbafance, population growth, aways, politicians, like bottles, are lab crew, the solar pictures secured by man urban blight, etc.-it will only be through disposable. have been described by physicists as exceed­ science and technology. ing their wildest expectations! One of the It is time for each of us to stop being discoveries is the sun's corona-it is much immature; to throw away our blindfolds and MAN DOES MATTER-THE TRUE more dynamic (or changeable) than many open our minds to today's existence and to­ STORY OF SKYLAB scientists had believed. Another, was a mod­ morrow's promise. There is no way to de­ erately strong solar flare, wherein the astro­ termine the dollar value of this research. nauts immediately zeroed their ATM instru­ We have blazed the tr.a.n but now we should ments, thereby recording the best sequential have the wisdom and courage to reach out for HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE observation yet of this kind of phenom­ the glittering stars! OF TEXAS enon. The flare released as much energy as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mankind uses in decades! Still, we do not fully understand how this energy is accumu­ Mrs. Greenwood is a resident of North Thursday, July 10, 1975 lated and released, but with a space labora­ Swansea and a close observer of the nation's tory such as Skylab, our solar studies will space program. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, next week contribute to unravelling this mystery and American astronauts and Soviet cosmo­ perhaps even to the actual solution of poten­ nauts will meet in space. The joint tial energy shortages on earth! There was AMERICAN COMPLIANCE WITH THE Apollo-Soyuz mission will demonstrate also an added plus, during our Skylab 4 mis­ ARAB BOYCOTT many things, but one primary demon­ sion, where our astronauts were able to put stration will be the importance of man in on film the life history-birth to death­ space. On the eve of this launch I would of a solar flare. HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Man in space is essential for selective data like to remind my fellow Members of OF PENNSYLVANIA taking. True, unmanned satellites offer us a Congress and the general public of the continuous fl.ow of information but all this IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES importance of man in space by recalling data is not usable and every bit that is col­ Thursday, July 10, 1975 the Skylab missions. Mrs. Barbara M. lected has to be processed, reduced and Greenwood wrote an outstanding article analyzed in some form. Man, however, can Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, it has last year regarding the Skylab mission track his point sites! The thousands of sci­ almost been 5 months since the Anti­ for the June 19 edition o.f the Fall River, entific pictures of earth from Skylab are now Defamation League of B'nai B'rith re­ Massachusetts Herald News and I in demand by industry, agriculture, weather vealed that two Federal agencies and July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22247. six private companies were violating Israel-compliance which, ADL charged, vio­ on charges that the U.S. Army Corps of Engi­ Govemment regulations and civil rights lates U.S. policies and regulations with re­ neers is breaking the 1964 Civil Rights Act. A laws by discriminating against Jews in spect to commerce, and, in some cases, vio­ statement by Secretary of the Army Howard compliance with Arab demands. lates civil rights laws in discrim1nating Callaway asserted that "race, religion, color, creed or national origin can never be the Now that Secretary of State Kissinger against Americans of the Jewish faith. basis for personnel actions, awarding of con­ has embarked on yet another peace shut- The results of these revelations show that ADL was highly successful in reaching the tracts or for any of our activities." John F. tle to the Middle East, I wish to enter public with the facts, in bringing about a Ahearne, Deputy Assistant Secretary of De­ into the RECORD an essay entitled "The resolution of complaints against some spe­ fense, in testimony before a Congressional Arab Boycott: An Interim Report by ciftc business firms, and in precipitating a committee, said, however, that the end line sizable and rightfully shocked reaction in the of what would happen when Americans are Arnold Forster." This article is of great refused visas for those reasons was that the importance today, because it analyzes American press and political circles. Army would report the matter to the State what has happened in the 5 months Further, the ADL charges helped spur Department. Whether the Army would con­ since the exposure of American compli- Congressional probes and proposals for cor­ tinue to do business with the offender has ance with Arab demands. rective legislation. But it is with respect to these proposals and hearings that a most not been stated. Mr. Forster's article cites the broaden- disturbing reaction has developed. Top om­ In Congressional testimony, State Depart­ cials of a number of the government's Exec- ment spokesmen have linked the lifting of ing of the economic boycott over the past the Arab boycott to resolution of the Arab­ 5 months. For the Arabs to be expand- utive t>epartments have openly opposed these Israeli confllct, apparently denying that the ing the boycott just as they profess to be proposed laws and the changes they would violation of American policy by American seeking a peace settlement with Israel is make in the practice of boycott compliance firms constitutes an American problem. De­ an unsupportable contradiction. Such a by American firms-taking their stands in partment spokesmen continue to insist that policy undermines any Arab commitment clear contrast to-and in spite of-an oppo­ the most effective way of dealing with the for an enduring settlement in the Middle ~~~d:osition apparently held by President boycott is through a policy of "quiet diplo­ macy and persuasion"-a policy which the East. The President spoke out within hours of history of the last 25 years has shown to be Regarding the United States, Mr. ADL's February exposure of the Arab boycott wholly ineffective. Forster's article reveals the acquiescence operations and the submission by American A high omcial of the Treasury Department, of American business to the Arab de- elements to the anti-Jewish conditions im­ while expressing hope that Saudi Arabia mands. It is clear from this article that posed upon them by the Arabs. His position would end anti-Jewish discrimination and it has been the policy of American busi- was amrmed in May in a U.S.-Israel Joint the anti-Israel boycott, said his department ness to do whatever is necessary to make Committee for Investment and Trade state­ was opposed to strengthening the Export a profit, even if this means going along ment, which declared, in part: "The members Administration Act or passage of the Wil­ of the Committee reamrmed the policies of liams Act on foreign investments because with a boycott or excluding Jews from their governments to oppose restrictive trade they might stifle Arab investment activity. their operations. practices and boycotts against countries Although the U.S. Controller of the CUr­ It now appears that this attitude of friendly to either." rency issued a strong statement condemning American business has been adopted by Despite the President's stat.ement con­ anti-Jewish discrimination, he has yet to our own Government. It has become ap- demning the discrimination and the boycott, issue a "cease and desist" order stopping parent that the executive branch of gov- and despit.e the statement of the Joint Com­ banks from requiring boycott compliance errunent has been unwilling to enforce mlttee, a parade of high Administration om- certificates before paying on letters of credit cials has testified before Congress 1n opposi- to Middle East shippers. or s t rength en the provisions of the Ex- tion to proposed anti-boycott and foreign On the other hand, the Department of port Administration Act of 1969. The investment legislation. Indeed, John Tabor, Labor appeared to understand clearly the legislation "encourages and requests" Under Secretary of Commerce and one of the issues ADL had raised. A March 10 memo­ American firms not to cooperate in U.S. participants in the Joint Committee randum by former Secretary Pet.er J. Bren­ boycotts. had previously informed ADL he opposed nan to the heads of all federal agencies The latest developments in the Middle any strengthening of the anti-boycott pro­ plainy stated that Executive Order 11246 East negotiations reveal the United visions of the Export Administration Act of and subsequent guidelines "prohibit fed­ 1969 States pressuring Israel into accepting · eral contractors from discriminating on the . f There is an overall soft philosophy cha.rac- basis of religion or national origin . . . the E gyp tIan proposals or an interim terlzed by rationalization and even protests.­ when hiring for work to be performed in the agreement. Unfortunately, the U.S.- tion that the documented wrongs are un­ United States and abroad." That rule applies backed Egyptian proposal makes no avoidable or do not exist at all. Key Execu­ to all contractors, the memorandum em­ mention of a relaxation of the Arab tive agencies have approached the problem phasized, "regardless of exclusionary policies economic boycott against Israel or of the Arab boycott in an uncoordinated in the country where the work is to be against American firms who deal with manner resulting in contradictory policies, performed or for whom it is to be per­ Israel or employ Jewish citizens. buck-passing and confusion. There are these formed." Indeed, the Equal Employment t f wcamples. It IS. •ta1 tha d . A letter from the White House, in response Opportunity Commission has a1firmed th&t VI or any en uring agree- - the prohibition against discrimination in ment to occur, the settlement must not to ADL's praise of President Ford's "out­ Title VII of the Clvll Rights Act is applicable permit an anti-Israel or anti-Jewish bias. spoken condemnation of anti-Jewish dis- to American citizens employed. by American Last February, President Ford declared crim1nation in Arab policies," point.ed out companies operating overseas. On the more that the Arab "discrimination is totally that omcials of the Departments of State, positive side, too, was the Dep&rtment of contrary to the American tradition and Treasury, Commerce and Justice had testi­ Justice's testimony to Congress showing in­ repugnant to American principles." In fled before a Hou~e committee "addressing terest in prosecuting cases of discrimination support of that statement it is time for many of the issues raised by ADL. What was and anti-trust violations in connection with . not stated, if at all realized, was that most of the omcials bad testified against the pro­ the boycott. · the Uruted States to adamantly oppose But much-needed corrective proposals such restrictive trade practices by the posed legislation. have been received by other Executive de­ Arabs and vigorously use its influence The Department of Commerce, after a partments with luke warmth if not with to halt such policies. It is also clear that meeting with an ADL delegation which open hostUity. They include such things as legislation is now needed which would pointed out that the Department had never a prohibition against secondary boycotts; a. outlaw them, with penalties for those prosecuted a single violation of U.S. policy prohibition against business contracts in­ companies who violate the law by com- as expressed in the Export Administration . . , . Aot, issued a. notice to American exporters volving religious discrimination, and a pro­ Plyin g ~Ith a f?reign povi:er s practice of reminding them of the regulation requiring hibition against domestic exporters taking boycottmg a fnendly nation. them to report the receipt of all boycott re- actions-including furnishing information this quests. Weeks later, on May 21, the Depart­ or signing agreements-which have the ef­ At time Mr. Speaker, I would like fect of supporting boycotts or other restric­ to place in the RECORD the article by ment warned 44 exporters and initiated pro­ tive trade practices imposed by a foreign Mr. Forster which reports the events ceedings against five others charged with country against one friendly to the U.S. of the Arab boycott over the past 5 failing to report the receipt of such requests. Proposed legislation also includes a pro­ months and calls for strong action But on the basic issue of breaking the Arab · t th . boycott, the Congressional testimony of vision suspending foreign aid or milltary a~alilS ose compames who comply Charles w. Hostler, Deputy Assistant Secre- sales to any nation guilty of religious or With the Arab demands. tary for International Commerce, on March racial discrimlnatory business praetices, THE ARAB BOYCOTT 13, still stands. He said the Department of government controls over the acquisition of Some four months have passed since the Commerce believes that the adoption of leg­ substantial equity securities of major U.S. Anti-Defamation League made public the islation to prohibit U.S. firms from oomply­ companies by foreign investors who have at­ findings of its investigation of compliance by Ing with boycott requests "would be m­ tempt.ed to force American businesses to en­ our government and private business firms advised." gage in secondary boycotts, and governmen­ with the demands of the Arab boycott of The Defense Department passed the buck tal control over the acquisition of material 22248 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 interest in strategic industries, resources, it corrected. It is now up to President Ford about substitution. While it didn't deal with or mass media. by foreign investors. to see to it that the Executive agencies fol­ a Congressman from New Jersey, it did In­ There ls need to strengthen the Export low his publicly announced declaration of volve a former governor of New Jersey, Gov­ Administration Act of 1969. The Act declares policy. ernor Wilson. Governor Wilson was fast tt the "policy of the United States to oppose asleep one morning about three o'clock when restrictive trade practices or boycotts fos­ the telephone rang. When he answered it he tered or imposed by foreign countries" LLOYD MEEDS SPEAKS OUT ON was greeted by his former campaign man­ against friendly countries-but 1s devoid of LAND USE ager from Hoboken, Mannie Baratta. Mannie force unless penalties for non-compliance said, "Governor, I called to tell you that With the policy are added. The law currently Judge Joseph Milano has just died." Gov­ requires only that exporters file quarterly ernor Wilson, with a substantial trace of ir­ reports to the Department of Commerce on HON. MORRIS K. UDALL ritation in his voice said, "What do you want Arab requests for boycott compliance. OF ARIZONA me to do about It at three o'clock in the The League's study of what has happened IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES morning." Mannie said, "I just wanted you 1n the past few months reveals that the ship­ to know he has died and I would like to take ping and banking industries continue to be Thursday, July 10, 1975 his place." Governor Wilson replied, "if it's major boycott participants. Steamship lines, Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, our col­ OK with the undertaker, it's OK with me." in probable violation of U.S. Maritime and So, if it's OK with President Keeney that other federal laws, continue to sign routinely league from Washington, the Honor.able I participate, it's OK with me. If it's not Arab-demanded certifications of boycott LLOYD MEEDS, recently spoke to the OK with you, I assume you'll let me know compliance. Banks issuing letters of credit Claremont-American Assembly Land later. in Middle East commerce continue to insist, Use Conference at Claremont, Calif., on At the outset, I want you to know I am a as demanded by the Arabs, that they receive national land use legislation. Congress­ very strong proponent of comprehensive land the certifications of compliance with the boy­ man MEEDS, a longtime supporter of use planning legislation. This is not an is­ cott from American firms before making pay­ national land use legislation, delivered sue upon which I find myself in the posi­ ment. The Chase Manhattan Bank, charged tion of a candidate who ran for Congress With having refused to open a branch in Is­ some incisive observations about the in Oklahoma at the same time a referendum rael in order to comply with Arab boycott controversy over Federal land use legis­ to allow alcohol was on the ballot. The can­ demands, remains adamant in its position lation, and I would like to share his re­ didate was at a meeting where he gave a toward Israel while opening branches in m arks with the Members of the House. stemwinding speech on national issues but Arab countries. Next Tuesday, July 15, the Commit­ Immediately upon :finishing was asked by a Continuing investigations reveal new sit­ tee on Interior and Insular Affairs wm pinched-faced matron how he stOOd on alco­ uations. For example, a Florida firm with vote on whether or not to report H.R. hol. He replied, "When you say alcohol do contracts for construction work in Saudi you mean that demon which stupifies men's Arabia recently placed newspaper want-ads 3510, the Land Use and Resource Conser­ minds, causes them to leave their homes· for skilled workers. The ads explicitly stated: vation Act, to the House. It should be abandon their wives and children and is th~ "We trust that you are aware of the dis­ noted that similar legislation ha-s twice leading cause of death on the highways? Or crimination policies of the Arab world be­ passed the Senate, but the House has do you mean alcohol that healing balm fore replying to this ad." The League has never had an opportunity to vote on the which eases conversation; releases inhibi­ brought legal proceedings against the firm. merits of a land use bill. tions and pays the taxes from which facili­ There are cases arising from the growing ties are built for the handicapped and way­ H .R. 3510 is a much improved versior ward youth? Some of my friends are for alco­ number of American universities negotiating of last year's legislation which failed on contracts for the sale of consulting services hol and some of my friends are against it in the Middle East. In at least one case, the a vote on the rule by seven votes. The and I want you to know that I stand four negotiations broke down when Saudi Arabia committee has worked hard :;o produce square behind my friends." refused to approve the university's contract a bill this year which carefully balances On the issue of land use planning, I could clause prohibiting the denial of a visa for environmental, social and economic con­ almost say I stand four square behind my reasons of religious affiliation. The Saudis cerns and which underscores and ex­ friends who are for it and the rest are my are attempting to apply the same discrimina­ enemi-es. Well, it's not quite that bad but plicitly sets forth the philosophy that I have been concerned about land use plan­ tory conditions to their business arrange­ State and local governments and not the ments with other universities as well. ning almost since my election to Congress in Only three of the charges ADL made in Federal Government are primarily re­ 1964. February have been successfully resolved. sponsible for land use decisionmaking. I recall very vividly telling a conference The Overseas Private Investment Corpora­ F .R. 3510, as amended by the Subcom- - on regional problems in northwest Washing­ tion, a governmental body cited by ADL for mittee on Energy and the Environ­ ton in 1965 that we simply had to plan our having asked an American business firm to ment and with additional amendments future use of the land or it would be planned withdraw the name of its Jewish vice presi­ adopted by the full committee, truly re­ for us. I suppose it ls largely attributable to dent from a list of proposed participants in the example of my mentor and colleague in flects this philosophy. There are no sanc­ the Senate, Henry M. Jackson, who Intro­ an OPIC mission to the Middle East and tions, but there are specific safeguards North Africa, apologized for the incident. duced the first land use planning bill In tl'P Two private firms named, the Ashland Chem­ against any substantive Federal involve­ Senate in 1970. I introduced the same bill ical Company, Ashland, Ky., and the Pacific ment or Federal review of local and State in the House in 1970. But it was more tha"' decisions. Indeed, this legislation is a that. Perhaps the rudest shock I receivad Pump Corporation, Huntington Park, Calif., when I left Washington State to go to Wash­ to significant step to reorient the locus of announced that they are now prepared do ington, D.C. was the abuse of the water, air business with Israel. decisionmaking to the State and local and land which I saw. While we were not There is an apparent inability or unwill­ level. perfect in northwest Washington, I deter­ ingness by the Executive branch to establish In light of the upcoming vote in the mined to do all in my power to prevent there priorities--between U.S. law and the inter­ Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ what had already occurred in northern Vir­ ests of private business (with respect to the ginia, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. So I boycott) and between U.S. law and Arab fairs, I think Congressman MEEDS' re­ prejudice (with respect to overseas employ­ marks are particularly pertinent and are became a strong advocate of air and water reprinted below for the Members' pollution controls. After participating in the ment). relative success of legislation in these fields, The government has failed to view the attention: I turned by attention to what I considered overall problem in its proper perspective-as LLOYD MEEDS SPEAKS OUT ON LAND USE the major remaining environmental issue-­ a challenge to America's political sovereignty First allow me to express my appreciation land use planning. and economic integrity. The Arab interests at being asked to participate in this Clare­ The need to provide impetus for statewide which coerce American shippers and discrim­ mont-American Assembly Land Use Confer­ land use planning was apparent then and inate against individual Americans on the ence. You should know that I was not the is even more apparent today. A classic ex­ basis of religion are the same interests which first choice. Actually, my colleague, Frank ample of inverse utilization of prime farm invest in our economy. Thompson of New Jersey, was asked by Presi­ land occurred in my own State of Washing­ What is needed is government thinking dent Keeney to address the group, but ton. I don't know how many of you are fa­ and actions to reflect a clear antiboycott pol­ Frank asked if he could find someone who miliar with the Green River, but for those icy. Particularly needed 1s support from the had been more involved in land use legis­ who are not, it is a. beautiful river that winds Executive branch for proposed legislation lation to substitute for him. Frank was aware its way from the snow-covered slopes of which would outlaw, with penalties, viola­ of my interest and involvement in the sub­ Mount Rainier to the Puget Sound near tions of American public policy and prevent ject matter and he asked me if I would be Seattle. American companies from complying with a interested. When I said yes, President Barn­ Millions of years of flow, flood and forma- foreign power's practice of boycotting a na­ aby Keeney contacted me and asked if I tion have created one of the most fertile tion friendly to the United States. The situ­ would like to participate. I consented, but I valleys in the United States. Japanese truck ation has been efi'ectively exposed and public must say I was just a bit apprehensive. I gardeners who made the valley virtual wall reaction has made clear that the people want couldn't help but recall a story I had heard to wall vegetables prior to World War II re- July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22249 turned afterward to repeat in even greater with a.ny certainty without comprehensive You should know tha.t it wss not by acci­ profusion the beauty and production of an land use planning. dent he "caught hell from his constituents." agricultural valley. Today it is wall to wall Enough of the rationale for land use plan­ A carefully orchestrated lobbying effort is factories and housing developments while ning. I certainly rlon't need to sell this group directing fire from all angles against certain the surrounding foothills and bench lands on the need for it. What I probably need lawmakers who are considered vulnerable­ that could easily have accommodated the fac­ most to do is explain why the hell we don't lawmakers who face tough opposition or are tories and homes are still largely unused. have it now. slow to make up their minds on this issue. The Green River valley extends through more Let's go back and review the legislative These so-called vulnerable members were than one county a.nd no single land use or history in an effort to answer that question. selected by Rep. Sam Steiger of Arizona.. zoning program could have been developed While the Senate passed land use planning Steiger, who is acerbic and bright, is the for a.ll of it. So none was developed at all. in both the 92nd and 93rd Congresses, the strongest opponent of the blll on the Com­ Or take the urban sprawl with which we battle never heated up until the House began mittee a.nd in the House. He is joined by are all too familiar. Sprawl which began as a serious consideration in the 93rd Congress. former Congressman Dan Kuykendall of wa.y to escape from the problems of the core From January 1971 to January 1974, the Tennessee. Working with a. coalition of de­ city and which later became a wa.y of life. administration not only supported but initi­ velopers, craft unionists, cattlemen, busi­ Sprawl which leapfrogged the closer areas ated strong land use legislation, including a nessmen, building suppliers, homebuilders and settled at the then maximum distance proposal for cross-over economic sanctions and 1umbermen, Steiger and Kuykendall to take advantage of low land costs a.nd still for those States which did not develop land have found effective ways to convince the enjoy sewers a.nd other public services. But use programs. I recall former President Nixon uncertain ten. The latest tactic really gets what of the land in the middle? What ra­ stressing in his State of the Union message at where they live-their campaign contri­ tional development could occur there which in January 1971 that land use was our great­ butions. Lists of the contributors of ea.ch would be compatible with both the old a.nd est environmental problem. He stated, "Our have been made available to the coalition new? Who had jurisdiction to control it? greatest need is for comprehensive new legis­ and where a member of the coalition feeis Not the cities-that is not the cities in many lation to stimulate land use controls." Sena­ they can be effective, contract 1s made with states-but only the cities in others. Not the tor Jackson's blll with sanctions passed the individual contributors and the contributor counties---except in some states where it Senate without opposition from the admin­ is urged to contact the meirnber directly. was a. county prerogative. In most of ·those istration. Undersecretary Whitaker appeared This ha.s proven so effective that one of the there was neither the authority nor the de­ before the Environment Subcommittee to targeted Members was recently heard to sire to coordinate with a. city which was open land use hearings in the 93rd Congress. shout foul. He said, "it's quite unethical for and ls the natural enemy of the county. As He presented Secretary of Interior Morton's one Congressman to suggest specific tactics it went then-so it goes today-development statement which began as follows: "I believe tha.t might be employed to change the vote uncontrolled-or a.t least uncoordinated. And that the enactment of a land use policy and of one of his colleagues---especiially a col­ the land pays. planning assistance act is vital to the future league of his own party." As if these were not enough reasons to of this nation." Of particular interest in the lobbying ef­ adopt new concepts comes now the greatest After numerous hearings and days of mark­ fort against land use planning has been the reason of all-the energy shortage. No longer up on January 29, 1974, Secretary Morton role of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. In ls it economical or wise to live far from expressed great satisfaction with the House a well-reasoned and incisive article contained one's work. No longer are bedroom communi­ Interior Committee action to report H.R. in the booklet prepared for this conference ties located far from the factories and 10294, which had by that time been stripped called, "The Good Earth of America: Plan­ sources of production feasible. But they a.re of its sanctions. The following day the Pres­ ning our Land Use", Ga.rl H. Madden, Ohle! still being built because there is no mech­ ident delivered his State of the Union mes­ Economist of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce anism which absolutely requires people to sage to the Congress stating that "adoption said, among other things, "among the vari­ look to the future and do some planning­ of the National Land Use Policy Act first ous Federal proposals, Senator Jackson (D­ based not only on the circumstance today proposed in 1971 remains a high priority of Wash.) put forward in 1973 what was called but those which any ordinarily prudent per­ my administration." The President urged the the most far-rea-0hing environmental bill son can predict wlll prevail tomorrow. Congress to enact legislation which would ever considered by the Congress. The bill One final argument for comprehensive land assist the States and localities a.s did the was short of being a national urban land­ use programs, that is rarely used because Senate-passed bill. use policy: It was really an act to enable those to whom it applies have generally been One month later, on February 26, 1974, States to do planning review, leaving the opposed. There should be some areas in the roof fell in. In that day the House Rules vast majority of land-use deolsions with the which industry knows it can locate with Committee was informed by the minority local government." certainty. Areas from which they cannot be leader that the administration had changed While the Jackson blll of 1973 is consider­ forced by endless litigation or citizen com­ its position and no longer supported the bill ably tougher than H.R. 3510, the U.S. plaints. Industry a.nd business have the right reported by the House Interior Committee. Chamber has been the mos·t vociferous a.nd to know what the rules a.re and the right On May 14, the White House informed the effective critic of that blll almost from the to have those rules enforced with some minority leaders that the President now sup­ outset. Contrast the statement of Madden certainty a.nd some uniformity. ported an alternative proposal, R.R. 3790 against the following which appeared in Let me give you an example-in 1966 an sponsored by Mr. Rhodes and Mr. Steiger Chamber publicaition, Action Line, "urge organization called Northwest Aluminum of Arizona. On June 11, the Committee blll, your Congressman to oppose what amounts sought to build a plant on Guemes Island R .R. 10294, was denied a rule by a vote of to a. National zoning ordinance." One near Anacortes, Washington. That may not 211 to 204. Thus land use planning for the Chamber offioial admitted privately that the have been the best place to build environ­ 93rd Congress was dead. ca.rnpaign against the Udall Bill is designed mentally. But for the sake of my lllustration, The events of the 94th Congress are more to distort, cause confusion and misunder­ that is really beside the point. There was recent history but follow a similar form. standing about the meaure. But he dismissed no prior notice that the area was off limits First the requests for interminable hearings. it by concluding, "I don't think we a.re play­ to such a venture. After securing options on When that tactic failed, the delay of mark­ ing a game nobody else plays." the land, planning a. plant and port; secur­ up in the full committee by offering numer­ If he feels the Liberty Lobby and the John ing a commitment for the necessary electric ous amendments further delayed consider­ Birch Society are "nobody else" then he is power and many other things necessary to ation. The full committee has now had four right. The Liberty Lobby, a far right or­ build such a plant, a lawsuit was brought days of mark-up on an issue which most ganization, said in its Liberty Letter No. against Northwest Aluminum by a group of of us have already spent longer on than any 159, July 1974, "if it ever passes, this land local land owners. (John Erlichman) The other legislation in recent history. But if grabbing law would let the bureaucrats seize legal action lasted almost two years while legislative foot-dragging has been similar, your land without paying for it. It overrides options were running out, plans were be­ lobbying activity has reached a new high the 5th Amendment guarantee against dep­ coming obsolete and markets were slipping rivation of property without due process of away. Finally Northwest Aluminum gave up or low, whichever way you look at lt. It was suspected at first that since the makeup of law and suitable compensaition." And the and decided to settle in Oregon. But that's John Birch Society through its mouthpiece not the end of the story. Northwest Alumi­ the 94th Congress was to be more progres­ sive than the 93rd, this progressivism would Hum.an Events compares the land use plan­ num, which has now changed its name to ning efforts of the Congress to ta.king with­ Alumax, went through much the same sce­ translate into voices on the committee for land use planning. Not so. Several Republi­ out just compensation. All together the lobbying effort against nario in Oregon and after one or two more cans who last year supported the bill have the Land Use Bill in the House has been one moves has just now-8 years later-found been defeated. Several new Democrats on the a site in eastern Oregon on which it may committee do not support it. Further, one of the hardest hitting, lea.st responsible ef­ be able to build. Republican Member who last year was a. forts it has been my misfortune to observe No matter what you think of aluminum strong proponent has had so much heat put in my 11 years in Congress. I must confess plants, they have a. right to exist too-some­ on him in his district that he ls no longer that for quite some time I didn't appreciate where. The people who own and run them supporting it. In an interview given just the intensity of the opposition. have a right to know-with some degree of after this Member voted to table the bill he In the pa.st we have all experienced the certainty-where that somewhere is. That explained he had switched his position be­ mindless, emotional opposition, the John somewhere is not going to be established cause "I caught hell from my constituents." Birch Society and other right wing organi- CXXI--1402--Part H7 22250 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1975 zations can mount. We are now experiencing House, in all probablllty the President would poses the recession is over. But it has this intensity of opposition to Land Use veto it. predicted an outrageous unemployment Planning Legislation. Normally, this sort of That leaves us with some less attractive propaganda is listended to by 20 % of the alternatives. We could further dilute the bill rate of about 8 percent for 1976. Congress and ignored by the remainder. This in hopes of passing it. But the real opposi­ On June 24th, AFL-CIO P:i:esident time it is being heard by many more and tion will not be removed until you leave all George Meany addressed the National ~gnored by very few. Standing alone, this the basic decisions at the local level. When Conference on Full Employment in opposition would not be the deciding factor, you do that you've lost the comprehensive Washington, D.C. on the unemployment but in this case it provides the emotional aspect we are really trying to engender with crisis. I believe Mr. Meany's speech de­ underpinning for a more important but un­ the legislation. serves the attention of every Member announced rationale. I think we must, in the final analysis keep To really understand this unannounced boring away trying to convince our col­ of Congress and at this point I would rationale you have to have attended a zon- leagues of the importance of this legislation like to insert a copy of the text of his 1ng or rezoning hearing at the county level. and the consequences of our failure to act in remarks in the RECORD: I recall as prosecuting attorney and as a a timely fashion. If we cannot do that in ADDRESS BY AF'L-CIO PRESIDENT GEORGE private attorney that the hottest spot on the 94th Congress, maybe we can in the 95th MEANY any given evening was where a zoning com­ Congress, when hopefully both the President Full employment is more than a slogan to mission hearing was in progress. I've and the Congress will support rather than the American labor movement. Job opportu­ watched controversies boll for hours; other­ oppose comprehensive land use planning. nities at decent wages for all persons able wise gentle people become raging monsters I think this is preferable to gutting the and seeking work-the only definition of full and little old ladies reach for their hatpins. existing bill until it ls a glorified local zon­ employment we'll accept-is a goal as old as And its almost always over the same issue­ ing ordinance that further enshrines piece­ the labor movement. money. Generally speaking, one side stands meal decision-making. Passing it in that We don't look at full employment as one of to profit and the other is afraid It will lose. form would be worse than not hing at all. It those philosophically correct things that so­ Oh, I know they dress it up in all kinds would be a band-aid instead of major sur­ cial workers talk about. Full employment, to of presentable rationale-Americanism, pri­ gery and further delay truly corrective us, is an economic necessity. Jobs are the life­ vate property right.s, big government, fl.ght- action. blood of the American economic system. 1ng city hall, and on and on. But when you So my message here, if you can call it that, From jobs come the wages that generate cut through all the crap you actually find ls a rather gloomy one. Beyond that, it's up mass purchasing power, A job is the key one reason and one reason only for their to you people here and citizens everywhere measure of a person's place in soclety­ opposition-money. who elect Members of Congress. whether that person is a full-fledged partic­ I am now convinced that the U.S. Cham­ The only way to fight strong opposition is ipant in society or on the outside looking in. ber of Commerce, some developers, cattle­ to fight back harder by supporting the kinds Work is the source of individual fulfillment. men, forest products companies and others of polltlcal candidat es who are willing to It is positive, constructive activity. who are really concerned about money, have stand up on the issue. And since we in organized labor have been used the right wingers to sell an emotional If you really want a land use planning bill, intensely involved in this issue of full em­ argument not far removed from those heard we must overcome a massive campaign based ployment for years and years, we have some in local zoning hearings. These groups have on ignorance and distortion and backed by advice to pass along: Full employment ls not successfully convinced many Americans and motional rhetoric that disguises the financial going to be achieved by wishful thinking, too many members of Congress that the fed­ stake many interests have in the prevention rousing speeches or one-shot gimmicks. eral government is interested in imposing a of planning itself. There are some powerful forces that a.re op­ gigantic zoning ordinance for the entire na­ Many of you may object to delving into posed to full employment. Why? Because tion-a zoning ordinance which is going to the messy world of polltics in order to sup­ they belleve high unemployment keeps wages cut off their constitutional rights and ulti­ port this sort of legislation. But this is one down and keeps workers "in their place." mately deprive them of their property. of the cases that supports Edmund Burke's This theory was widespread when I was a What is really involved here ls that the view that all that is necessary for evil to very young boy-that there was nothing that opponents are quite comfortable dealing triumph is for good men to do nothing. would aid productivity more than to have with local county commissioners. I'm cer­ Frankly, unless we get some pro-planning workers on the outside of the factory looking tain many of you have heard the classic people into Congress an d especially, into the f or jobs. We still have these and some other story which occurred in a western county White House, I am not at all optimistic economic and social theories from the days of where a group of local citizens wanted to about trying to rationally solve the Nation's McKinley with us and we have them in the start a gravel pit in an area zoned residen­ land abuse problems. highest places of the nation. tial. We've got a major fight on our hands to One of the county commissioners was a achieve full employment and keep it. First, lawyer, one a real estate broker and one a there must be specific programs to create car dealer. The gravel pit group hired the "UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE jobs in both the private and public sectors lawyer for some legal work, commissioned ECONOMY" and restore health and balance to this sick the real estate broker to secure options on economy. And, having done that, then there the land and promised to buy the gravel must be a program to maintain full employ­ trucks from the car dealer. The rezone slid ment. through midst screams of anguish by the HON. WILLIAM D. FORD OF MICHIGAN Let us not forget thirty years ago-as local citizens-as effortlessly as 1f it had not World War II was ending-when the Con­ been opposed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress began hearings on the issue of full em­ This lllustratlon perhaps overs implifies, Thursday, July 10, 1975 ployment. The major forces that worked hard but the clear truth ls most large business on this issue were the AFL, the CIO and the would prefer to deal with the smallest unit Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, Farmers' Union, together with a dedicated of government possible. Not because, as they the most recent unemployment statistics group of members of the Congress that in­ say, local government knows best. But be­ tell us just part of what this adminis­ cluded Senators James Murray and Bob Wag­ cause local government is more susceptible tration has done for the average working ner and Representatives Wright Patman and to the entreaties of those who seek to influ­ American over the past 7 years. The low Andy Biemiller, who is now the director of ence it. the AFL-CIO Legislative Department. Land use planning legislation seeks to unemployment of the Johnson and Ken­ A bipartisan majority adopted the Employ­ transfer some of the ultimate declslonmak­ nedy years ended with the coming to ment Act of 1946 and on February 20, 1946, ing in these matters to the State level. Thus power of the Nixon administration in President Truman signed that historic it would not be as easy to influence these 1969. Since the Republicans came to Pow­ statute. local decisions. At the risk of oversimplifica­ er the jobless rate has risen to three It committed the U.S. government to creat­ tion I feel the issue gets back to baslcs­ times what it was 7 years ago and at the ing and maintaining "conditions under money. Those who feel they are going to lose highest rate since 1941. These figures are which there will be afforded useful employ­ money by comprehensive planning-those to cold statistics; what they mean is that ment opportunities, including self-employ­ whom planning has been anathema because ment, for those able, willing and seeking it prevents their exploitation of the un­ nearly 10 million Americans cannot find work, and to promote maximum employment, known and unplanned are really the ones who work and are losing income that can production and purchasing power." are impeding passage o! this act. The right never be regained. It would be most dlfHcult to improve on wing kooks are merely riding point and tak­ Unemployment statistics for June those words as a commitment of the U.S. ing the flak. show that the Detroit metropolitan area government enacted into law. But it would be easy to improve on the perform.a.nee. So what do we do about it. Very !rankly, unemployment rate increased from 13. 7 percent to 15. 7 percent and the statewide Let's look at what has happened since I don't have what I consider to be a totally 1946-when the United States became the satisfactory answer to that question. Even rate for Michigan rose from 13.1 percent first nation to commit itself to full employ­ it by some great 1uck we were to pass the to 15.1 percent. The administration is ment. There was a consensus in those days blll throui:h the committee and the full still saying that for all practical pur- that full employment in the American econ- July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22251 omy meant an unemployment rate no beings with hopes and dreams and with skills was 3.5 percent--as it was in the first six higher than 3 percent. Three percent al­ this country needs. months of 1969, when the Nixon-Burns lowed for those temporarily out of work as There is nothing that even approaches policies were initiated-the federal budget a result of moving from one job or part of full employment in these predictions. In­ would now show a surplus. the country to another, seasonal changes or stead, there is year after year-six year~! This country has vast resources. The idea new entrants into the job market. continuing high joblessness that can tear this that the federal government should impose a Nothing has happened since that time, in cou ntry apart. tight budget straitjacket on itself in the face my opinion, that makes that definition any This economic disaster didn't just happen. of most serious unemployment is completely today. It was man-ma.de, and Arthur Burns is the ridiculous. But during much of the past 30 years, man. Those who say otherwise-the President the government has walked away from its He's spent the better pa.rt of 6¥2 yea.rs and the majority in the Congress-have no commitment. In fact, that commitment has working on this disaster. Of course, he's had faith in America. They ig~ore the essential been perverted. a lot of help-Richard Nixon, W11liam Simon strength and potential vitality of the Government officials and their academic and Alan Greenspan. economy. They run scared-at a moment supporters have been busier in the past And for 6¥2 years, there were very few po­ when America. needs bold, courageous leader­ few years redefining the goal than trying to litical leaders or academic economists, who ship. meet it. It went from 3 percent to 4 percent, were willling to join the AF'Ir-CIO's lonesome The only sound way to quickly cut the then to 4Y:z percent. Now it's 5 or 5¥2 per­ fight against the Burns policies that led to budget deficit is to put the people back to cent. And some so-called economists even this mess. work, so that American workers and business­ talk of a 6 percent jobless rate as really So this country ls now further away from men can increase their earnings and pay meaning "full employment." the maximum employment goal of the Em­ their taxes. Let us get the job-creating It's an old game, if you can get away with ployment Act of 1946 than ever. Even worse, measures, now, to put America back to work it--if you don't m ake the grade, just change both the Administration and the majority in and raise the needed funds. the rules. To me, that's fakery, regardless the Congress--and I think we should always The present state of affairs of the Amer­ of whether the trickster is a college profes­ put quotes around that "majority in the ican economy is one of vast amounts of idle sor or a government official. Congress"-are much further away from the plants, idle machinery and idle productive Unfortunately, America today is a long, government's conunitment to full employ­ equipment, as well as idle manpower. Never long way from full employment--even from ment than ever before. in the yea.rs since the end of World War II the false 5 percent definition, let alone Unemployment statistics represent people. has there been so many u nemployed and anything like 3 percent. They represent tam.mes. At present, every underemployed workers and so much unused This economy is really in deep trouble percentage increase in the unemployment and underused productive capacity. today. rate is almost 980,000 additional jobless Only 68 percent of the productive capacity The government's recent report of 8.5 mil­ workers-<:>ne-third more people than llve in of manufacturing industries was utilized in lion unemployed-9.2 percent of the labor Washingt.on, D.C. th~ first quarter of 1975. Because of great force-represents a human tr.9.gedy. Despite this, the Administration seems de­ amounts of idle plants and ma.chines and And that official report is a vast under­ termined to make its intolerably high unem­ high interest rates, business ls cutting back statement of the reality of unemployment ployment predictions come true. There's no investment in new productive capacity. A 10 and underemployment today. other way to interpret the Administration's percent drop this year in the real volume of Over 1.1 mill1on workers, w1lling and able all-out campaign to maintain a tight lid on business investment is expected by the Com­ to work, are so discouraged by the employ­ job-creating programs. merce Department, and the actual decline ment outlook that they have given up look­ The Administration has opted for high un­ may be much greater. ing for jobs. employment--in the sacred name of holding The Number One need, therefore, is to get A more accurate unemployment rate, then, down the size of the budget deficit. America back to work, now. would be over 10 percent--or 9.6 mi111on Majorities of both Houses of the Congress The tragedy of unemployment ca.uses not jobless. have also decided on a tight ce111ng-not too only persona.I and family upheavals but social In addition, 3.9 million workers are on much different from the Administra.tion's­ and community upheavals as well. pa.rt-time schedules because full-time work that wlll stifie economic recovery. Unfortu­ America certainly can not stand a pro­ is not available. nately, many members of the Congress have longed period of such conditions, breeding This adds up to 13.5 million unemployed become hypnotized or scared by the Adminis­ troubles that can tear the fabric of this and underemployed workers. Moreover, de­ tra. tlon's concentrated drive on the budget society. spite all the official optimistic rhetoric from issue. The time for job-creating measures to turn the Administration, unemployment will be I wonder what campaign slogan they'll use the economy a.round and move rapidly to greater a few months from now than it ls next year-holding down the budget deficit full employment is now. at present. or keeping unemployment high? It ts time for the Congress and the Ad­ No matter when the Administration econ­ The obsesssion with budget deficits omits ministration to live up to the government's omists pronounce the official end of the the benefits of a full employment economy­ commitment under the terms of the Employ­ business recession, the human recession of increased jobs and increased earnings, re­ ment Act--to promote maximum employ­ unemployment will continue for the rest duced unemployment benefits and welfare ment, production and purchasing power. of this decade unless strong actions are taken costs, increased sales for business, increased America needs a full series of job-creating now. savings and investment, and increased tax mea.sures--a.nd needs them now. This Administration is still fighting in­ receipts. The AFL-CIO has long advocated a federal :H.ation with the jobs of workers. A terrible The accumulated budget deficit of the past program for public service employment on human price is being paid to satisfy those six years-$109.4 billion-is almost twice as the theory that the government should be who place dollars ahead of people. great as the accumulated net deficit of the the "employer of last resort." In fa.ct, the Unemployment is pure misery for a worker. previous 23 yea.rs, from 1947 through 1969. AFir-CIO was the very first organization to It is absolute waste for the economy. The major reason ls the two back-to-back appear before a congressional committee, Yet the Administration mid-year budget Nixon-Burns recessions of 1969-1970 and 1973 many years ago, in support of specific legis­ review, published on May 80, forecasts that to the present. The dollar cost of these lation to establish a continuing publtc­ unemployment for 1975 will average 8.7 per­ recessions has been huge losses of potential service employment program. cent, which means a.bout 8 million jobless. federal revenue and increased expenditures But such a program by itself ts not "the They also forecast that unemployment will for unemployment and welfare benefits. The solution" to the widespread, devastating un­ go down to 7.9 percent in 1976---0r about 7Y:z huge budget deficit for fiscal year 1976 will employment that is now crippling the na­ million jobless workers. And that's the offi­ be due to the worst and most serious eco­ tion. cial-the optimistic-Administration fore­ nomic mess since the Great Depression. If America had prepared herself with an cast. The way to cut the deficit, quickly, and adequate public service employment pro­ But even the most optimistic Administra­ substantially, ls to put America back to work. gram-already funded and triggered into tion spokesmen predict unemployment rates The road the Administration and the Con­ high gear when the unemployment crisis of 7.2 percent in 1977, 6.5 percent in 1978, gress have taken means continuing deficits, began-the situation would not now be as 5.8 percent in 1979 and 5.1 percent in 1980. continuing high unemployment, continuing bad as it is. But the nation had no such That's the "light" at the end of the tunnel. hardship, continuing recession. program. Unemployment grew with alarming And I want to emphasize that those are the Every one percent rise in unemployment speed, and it would be the height of folly to optimistic forecasts of the Administration. costs the federal government $16 b1llion­ now pretend that legislation ma.king the gov­ about $14 billion in lost tax receipts and ernment the employer of last resort could­ These Administration predictions would $2 billion in the added social costs of in­ mean three successive years of the highest creased unemployment. all by itself-end the present mess. unemployment rates since 1941, when the Put these figures in reverse and you can The fa.ct is no single program can now do country was coming out of the Great Depres­ see how to cut the budget deficit quickly­ the job. America needs an arsenal of eco­ sion. ~t wouldn't be untll 1980, under these cut the level of unemployment. For every nomic weapons--all geared to the goal of predictions, that the number of unemployed 1 percent cut in the unemployment rate, th e putting America back to work-to end this would come down to the neighborhood of 5 federal government has a net gain of about crisis. mllllon. Remember, that's 6 million human $16 billion. If the unemployment 11ate, today, Does the Administration have a program 22252 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1975 to meet the crisis? It does not. We heard governments for short-term public works Second, there must then be effective gov­ from Alan Greenspan a day or so ago. He's construction and repairs. That would create ernment programs to maintain economic chairman of the President's Committee of 250,000 on-site and off-site jobs, an invest­ health and full employment. This will re­ Economic Advisers. ment in public facilities for Americans to quire long and short-range planning, tax And here are his latest prognostications: use and enjoy for decades. According to all reform, credit allocation and a series of pro­ 8.5 percent unemployment next January­ reports, when this reaches the President's grams including making the government the that's 7,950,000 officially unemployed. 7.5 per­ desk, another veto is forthcoming. employer of last resort. cent one year and a half from now. And, of When you add the 900,000 emergency jobs We are convinced that no single piece of course, taking into consideration the in­ already vetoed by President Ford to the jobs legislation will restore the economy to health crease in the workforce, which comes every which would be created by the housing bill or achieve full employment. The recession is year no matter wha.t happens, that 7.5 per­ and the accelerated public works program, too deep; the problems too complex for any cent would mean 7,500,000 workers un• both of which he has threatened to veto, one magic cure. employed. figure in a conservative multiplier, and Presi­ The beginning must be a change in Mr. Greenspan, however, warned aga.lnst a dent Ford has, in effect, vetoed 3 million jobs. government policies and the people who budget deficit to help put people back to Figure it another way, he lost the chance make those policies. Maybe 1f Arthur Burns, work. He said this quite definitely and this to substantially reduce the deficit by putting William Simon and Alan Greenspan had a is an amazing thing to come from a man at 3 million unemployed back to work. personal taste of unemployment they might the very top level of our government. Put­ 3. Federal aid is needed to the many cities be more sympathetic to the problems of ting people back to work too soon would be that are hard-pressed by high unemployment the unemployed. damaging to the recovery. Just think of that. and high interest payments. The mass layoff It is time the Congress remembered its He wants them to go back to work but not of municipal workers will solve nothing. Lay­ responsib111ty to the people who elected too soon. offs only create higher unemployment, them--one in seven of who are unemployed He had not one single suggestion in all of destroy necessary public services, and en­ or underemployed. his broadcasts, not a single suggestion to al­ danger the public safety. It is time the President remembered that leviate the condition of America's millions 4. This country needs to restore railroad government by veto means the minority of jobless workers. He said, in effect, that trackbeds in order to revive the railroad forcing its will on the majority. this is the price we must pay in order to transportation system. This would create It is time that this government of, by and avoid more inflation. jobs, but, more importantly, would insure for the people kept its commitment to the Mr. Greenspan has no concern, it would that economic recovery will not falter be­ American people contained in the Employ­ seem, for the devastating effects of 7 or 8 cause of a national transportation collapse. ment Act of 1946. million people continually unemployed for Combined with an expanded public-serv­ At stake is public credib111ty and the eco­ the next four years or so. Mr. Greenspan, rep­ ice jobs program, these programs--all nomic future of this nation. resenting the Ford Administration, seems to opposed by the Administration-could begin With stakes that high, there is not one have little or no concern as to what this to turn the American economy around minute to lose. would mean to the social fabric of this so­ quickly, and at least start it on the road back ciety. He had nothing to say about the 40 to full employment. percent unemployment rate for black teen­ Much more is necessary. America must have effective government measures to stop agers, most of whom reside in our inner A DECLARATION OF PURPOSE FOR cities. He had nothing to say as to what this the export of American jobs and to regulate would mean to the future of our cities, what the export of American technology and OUR THIRD CENTURY it will mean in human suffering to the in­ capital. Tax loopholes must be closed to dividuals directly affected. provide the revenue America needs for the To me, the attitude of Mr. Greenspan and important social programs so neglected in the HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. the Administration for which he speaks adds past 6Y:z years. OF INDIANA The American labor movement has long up to a callous disregard for the misery and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES suffering experienced by our nation's been concerned about the need for social unemployed. priorities and long-range planning by the Thursday, July 10, 1975 As against the Administration's policy, federal government-for full employment and social progress in a free society. Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, some talk which is a policy to do nothing, we in the There has been no planning to handle the about freedom and others devote their AFL-CIO do have a program in order to try foreseeable problems of the late 1970's and lives to it. Brian Bex is of the latter to meet this particular crisis. the 1980's--housing, energy shortages, 1. This country needs a large-scale hous­ school: lagging economic growth, inadequate job A DECLARATION OF PURPOSE FOR OUR THIRD ing program to lift home-building out of its opportunities. CENTURY depression-to create decent-paying jobs in Housing is just one example of areas in the private sector building homes that peo­ which we need to set social priorities, start PREAMBLE ple need. Such a program is now threat­ sensible long-range planning and allocate Two hundred years ago, on July 4, 1776, ened-right at this very minute-by another credit to achieve our long-range goals. there was born in the Western world a new veto from the President of the United States. The United States goes through repeated nation: the Republic of the United States. This program would create 450,000 jobs cycles of tight money, high interest rates, Defiance to tyrants was emblazoned in em­ building the shelter this country so desper­ sagging home-building and recessions. At pyreal light upcn her brow, and freedom ately needs. The modest increase in housing the present time, the banks lend money to and justice were the frontlets between her starts for May over the month of April was the highest bidder without regard to social eyes. a statistic hailed by the White House. Oh, need. So high-rise, luxury condominiums are Monarchs crowned with kingly diadems this was really, really great. There was an built at seaside resorts and homes for aver­ stood awed at the august declaration, and increase in May of this year over April. Well, age citizens don't get built. Speculators make at the solemn reignment of King George be­ there's an increase every year in May over huge profits, abandon the projects, and the fore the judgment of mankind, and parlia­ the month of April. But this month of May lending institutions, which never seem to ment, and cabinets started in dismay to their represented the lowest figure in 28 years. They didn't say that. learn, are left holding white elephants. feet, but the people, as they described the Wouldn't it make more sense to require eagle of Liberty spreading her wings and This is the propaganda business-this is soaring proudly aloft, breathed freer and this Madison Avenue business. You just say money lenders to put a certain percentage of their funds--more or less depending on took stronger heart as the clear ring of her what you want to say. Isn't it great we had voice sounded through the air, declaring an increase in housing starts in May over economic conditions-into socially useful projects instead of letting them put all their with grandly rounded enunciation, that "all April? Now, of course, you can deceive not men are created equal." always by what you say but by what you funds into high-risk gambles on less essen­ tial investments? fall to say. They didn't say that this was the Glorious by historic parallel have been lowest figure for the month of May in 28 Congress should require allocation of bank the achievements of our Nation's career. To years. The 8 percent in building permits for credit at reasonable interest rates for con­ worthily record them is the scholar's pride. May is the lowest on record for that month. struction of low and middle-income housing To be familiar with them ls the patriot's duty and delight. In presenting this New So 1f these are the signs of the end of the and community facilities. This kind of credit recession then, I guess, this Adminlstration allocation requires intelligent, long-range Declaration the affixed signers aim to supply doesn't expect much in the way of a recovery. planning to determine needs and goals and the demand for a unique portrayal of a. great This forthcoming veto--and I'm sure we'll resources in housing and other socially de­ and eventful Nation. have it today or tomorrow-represents an­ sirable investments. 1976-1989 other extension of this idea of government So, it comes down to this. After an unequivocal experience of the by veto. It is the most dangerous form of First, there must be immediate, massive inefficacy of the subsisting federal bureauc­ "do-nothingism"-and this veto must be government programs to create jobs in both racy, you a.re called upon to deliberate on reversed. the private and public sector-jobs to get a new Declaration for the United States of 2. America needs--in addition to houslng­ America back to work. Nothing should divert America. The subject speaks its own impor­ an accelerated publlc works program of America's attention for this essential first tance; comprehending in its consequences federal grants to the state and local step. nothing less than the existence of the Re- July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2225'3 public, the safety and welfare of the people nity and accomplishment; and that our aim, In very truth freedom has not known such of which it ls composed, the fate of a Nation, our dedication is to keep it that way. peril since the westward thrust of the Ott0- in many respects the most interesting in the It is here pre'sented in a feeling of spirit, as man Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries, world. It has been frequently remarked ~hat a dream. of tomorrow. perhaps since the battle of Tours, in 732, it seems to have been left to the American AN APPRECIATION OF THE SITUATION possibly since the days of the Caesars and the people, by conduct and example, to decide Perhaps the most closely guarded secret persecut ion of Christianity prior to the con­ the important question: whether societies of world collectivism, cut otf from view by version in 311 of Constantine the Great. of men are really capable or not of estab­ the Iron, Bamboo and Sugar curtains and I would like to emphasize the peculiar lishing good government from reflection and configuration of the forces that threaten shrouded in unbelievable security precau­ freedom, democracy, and religion under the choice, or whether they are forever d~stined tions, ls the system of colleges for profes­ to depend for their political constitutions on sional revolutionaries that annually turn out name of a new ism-totalitarian-collectivism. accident and force. If there be any truth in thousands of skilled agitators to bedevil the This "ism" which could perhaps be defined this remark, the crisis at which we are free world. Although this educational pro­ simply as a total state tyranny, ls a product arrived may with propriety be regarded as gram has been in action for over 40 years, in pa.rt of the advanced technology and ap­ the era in which that decision ls to be made; and has graduated political saboteurs esti­ plied psychology. Karl Marx had a prophetic and a wrong election of the part we shall act understanding of the role of technology and mated to number a minimum of 120,000, its its use by capitalism. Contemporaneously, of may, in this view, deserve to be cc:insidered very existence ls unknown to most people in as the general misfortune of mankind. the West. course, he also believed that this commanded The central problem of our time ls the The reason for the supersecrecy with which the future. I think as we look back on the great technological achievements of collec­ problem of freedom. There are many more these schools have been surrounded ls that immediate problems: that of food, for ex­ they constitute the most successful cold war tivism today, we should remember that this ample; as of employment. But during recent weapon yet developed by the anti-capitalists was a division of the founders of this extra­ decades it has become apparent that we have of the world. ordinary ideology. Here ls a passage from the "Communist Manifesto" which has been, in reached a stage of cultural and technological As far back as 1952, Dr. Stefan Possony, development in which nothing immediate professor of poll tica.l science at Georgetown my opinion, insufficiently noted: can be resolved without reference to the and advisor to the Defense Department on "The bourgeoisie has . . . been the fi.rst to long-range purposes of man. In a free an.d Soviet Affairs, wrote in his book, "A Century show what man's activity can bring about. responsible society the question of means lS of Confiict": It has accomplished wonders far surpassing always of the first importance. Freeda~. iS "Only fools refuse to learn from their ene­ Egyptian pyramids, Roman aqueducts and measured, not merely by its own quallt1es, mies. There ls no reason why we should not Gothic ca.thedrales; it has conducted ex­ but by the degree of individual responsi­ pick up some of the collectivist tricks and penditures that put it in the shade of all b111ty which accompanies it; not merely by use them, if and when they fit into the former exoduses of nations and crusades." what we do, but by how we do it. That a framework of our own requirements and The Russian physiologist, Pavlov, and the goal ls desirable does not mean that there morality. If only for defensive purposes, we American psychological behaviorist, Watson, ls not more than one road to achievement, must understand collectivist procedures. The contributed to the belief that was widely and if the means that most readily suggest Western world must urgently develop a new gists that the human being is essentially themselves constitute a threat or danger to synthesis of the operational art." entertained among scientists and sociolo­ larger and more permanent goals, then it ls The American Communications Network plastic and malleable and can be in definitely only reasonable to seek other methods to­ ls not engaged in a general search for knowl­ conditioned and conformed according to ward the desired end. edge for knowledge's sake. It is seeking the patterns desired by those in a position to ex­ Those who are unaware of this fact can practical, concrete means to meet the total periment. This belief underlies the tech­ contribute little to this age except confu­ anti-capita.list challenge, the operaitional niques subsumed under the phrases: "brain­ sion. Those millions who are aware of it, but techniques and the organizational forms washing" or "cybernetics" or "thought who find themselves unable to reach prac­ which can activate and utilize every possible control." tical applications. are the prey, through source of strength. Actually, all this was based on a false their own doubt and uncertainty, of free­ Developing counter-action into a science view of man. The East German uprising dom's enemies. A pall, like the aftermath of will be largely an academic accomplishment in 1953, the reaction of the Russians, even a battle, seems to have fallen, covering the unless we take the next step and get down party leaders, in the years following the American spirit. to the practical work of training private citi­ death of Stalin, and the Polish and Hun­ A task lies ahead of America of truly over­ zens in this new science. We must get the garian revolutions in 1956, all give lie to wh~lming proportions: the task of learning material otf the library shelves and pump it the idea that man is in nature exactly as how to inquire Into the nature and destiny into our great civic organizations, i.e., the an animal or a thing and can, therefore, be of man In a new way, of which our current people. There is little point in working out indoctrinated away from the desire and love spirit of inquiry has not yet dreamed. It sug­ an inspired program for private organiza­ of freedom. gests the possibility of knowledge that we do tions, unless there ls a realistic training pro­ One of the most brilliant women of our not have of vistas that we have not yet gram which will provide them with the time, Miss Hannah Arendt, has said that opened up; and it intimates, finally that in trained leadership which can give intelligent, the 12 days of the Hungarian Revolution this knowledge and in these vistas we might bi-partisan guidance. Since the anti-capital­ contain more history than the 12 years after find not merely a solution to the American ist organizational weapon is working within the Red Army supplanted the Nazis. At the dilemma but the foundation for an idea of a a multitude of political, religious, economic same time she warns, imperialism has a Free Man. · and ethnic groups, counter-action must be much greater chance of success when directed We mean to defend the citadel; we mean carried out by leaders of these same groups. by a totalitarian government. And in many to make America the center of the ultimate This calls for a broadly representative body ways that is our problem. We a.re a demo­ resistance to the evil, which ls devastating and training programs tailored to a variety cratic, free society, engaged in a struggle with the world; more than that more than the of conditions and circumstances. the most highly developed form of totali­ center of resistance we mean to make Her the Furthermore, it is of the utmost impor­ tarianism of all time. center of resurrection, the source of the ener­ tance that the American Communications Our best and surest way to prevent a hot gies by which men who believe as we do may Network training be of a calibre and intensity war is to win the cold war. Individual demo­ be liberated and the lands that are sub­ which will inspire true dedication 1n the cratic leaders have long been aware of this jugated be redeemed and the world we love American people and a determine.tion to do truth, but it has not yet been fully grasped in be purified and passifi.ed and made free whatever necessary to meet the total col­ by the free world. once more. lectivist challenge. Because the new label is of recent coinage, America must regard itself as the testing Counteraction can no longer be entrusted many people assume that the cold war ls a ground of the world, and of the human race. to half-committed people. To paraphrase new phenomenon. Actually it has been un­ She is the vanguard in the second world Lenin, we need people who will devote to derway since the Bolsheviks, entrenched in revolution, a revolution that allows dissent counteraction not merely their spare eve­ Russia and disposing of its resources, plus a free access to information: a phenom­ nings, but the whole of their lives. launched the Third or Communist Interna­ enon unparalleled in the history of man. tional. WHAT WE HAVE AT OUR DISPOSAL America ls the land and the people a,nd the World anti-capitalism has been making war :flag: the land of a great Nation; the people There ls an ideology of freedom with an on our civilization for more than five dec­ of every race; the flag a symbol of what unlimited potency of moral force and psy­ ades. And the term "war" is not used here humanity must aspire to when the wars are chological appeal, provided that the inheri­ in a merely rhetorical sense. It has been a over and the barriers are down; to these each tors of freedom in this country and the world war with campaigns and battles, strategy and generation must be dedicated and conse­ awake to the realization of what they have tactics, conquests and retreats. crated anew, to defend with life itself, if need in their hands and provided, also, that free There have been intervals of truce 1n the be; but above all, in mutual respect, in hope, men face realistically before it is too late, cold war but not of true peace. Periods o! in courage, to live for. the gigantic scope and organized character seeming moderation have been used as a We affix signatures to this declaration, to of the counteroffensive launched 1n our ad­ cover for frantic build-ups and deployments hold fast one central conviction: that the vanced 20th Century, after 300 years of rela- for the next big push. There has not been United States is incomparably the earth's tive passivity and quiescence, by the massed a single year when the Kremlin did not, greatest nation; high in freedom, opportu- forces of despotism and total tyranny. with singleminded conceptration, make the 22254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1 O, 1975 most of its opportunities by methods short cold war techniques pitted ag·ainst those trend, we shall be defeated. Its effects a.re of general war. whom they regard as amateurs; their chances spelled out in civil wars in parts of Asia, Not a single country today under anti­ of victory seem to them incomparably greater legal collectivist parties of colossal size in capitalist rule was conquered by outright than in a conventional military showdown some European countries, "Nationalist move- military assault. Russia itself fell to the at this time. - ments under anti-capitalist auspices, "neu­ Bolsheviks through a political coup, after (b) political warfare does not directly en­ tralism" and rabid anti-Americanism in other parties had overthrown the old regime. danger their own territories, industry, man­ many parts of the world, in pressures, that The East European satellites were placed power, and above all, their mechanism of dic­ is to say, of every dimension and intensity behind the Iron Curtain by cunning diplo­ tatorial power. short of a global shooting war. macy and brute extortion China. was joined (c) clear-cut victory in the cold war would Unless we meet this cumulative collectivist to the Soviet peoples by "rear operations" give them access to our technology and re­ threat with all the brains and weapons we performed from inside. Collectivists are not sources, our great cities and treasures, intact can mobilize for the purpose, the United revolutionaries, they are COUNTER-revolu­ and ready for exploitation; whereas a mili­ States at some point in the future will face tionaries. The importance is found not in tary victory would give them only the ruins the terrifying implications of cold war defeat. the action. but in the reaction. of a nuclear devastation. It wlll be cornered, isolated, subjected to the In a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court ;Now, as in the past, they proceed in the kind of paralyzing fears that have already (vol. 339, May 8, 1950) an opinion written by conviction that they can gain world hegem­ weakened the fibre of some technically free the late Justice Robert H. Jackson stated the ony by methods that, in the phrase of Leon nations. We will have bypassed a nuclear case against collectivism in language that is Trotsky, "constitute neither war nor peace." war, but at the price of our freedom and in­ clear and penetrating. He said: The real alternative to a nuclear showdown dependence. I repeat: we can freeze to deatb "The goal of the collectivist is to seize is not "peace" but political-psychological as well as burn to death. powers of government by and for a minority warfare of a magnitude to weaken, demoral­ rather than to acquire power through a vote ize, chip away and ultimately take over what THE CENTER 's MESSAGE OF FREEDOM AND of the free electorate. remains of the free world. COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE "It purposes forcibly to recast our whole Political-psychological offenses are not We must be quite certain of our destina­ social and political structure after the Mus­ new. They have been frequently employed in tion before we can begin to figure out means covite model of police-state dictatorship. It both World Wars. Their purpose has been to of transportation. There is little point in dis­ rejects entirely the religious and cultural soften up the enemy's will to resist, to win cussing the how of it until a firm decision heritage of Western civilization, as well as friends and allies in hostile areas, to drive for an all-out political-psychological coun­ the American economic and political sys­ wedges between belligerent governments and their citizenry. ter-offensive is reached. tems. This collectivist movement is a belated In hot war, you need a weapon and means counter-revolution to the American Revolu­ The democracies are familiar with war­ of delivering it to the target. The same is tion, designed to undo the Declaration of making in the normal m111tary sense, and true in cold war. THE WEAPON IS THE Independence, the Constitution, and our Bill hence do not shrink from the prospect of casualties. MESSAGE; after it has been worked out, we of Rights, and overturn our system of free, can develop the facilities for delivering it to representative government. All of that seems natural. But they are the rest of the world at large and to the col­ "Goals so extreme and offensive to Amer­ startled by proposals for effort and risk of lectivist-captive nations in particular. ican tradition and aspiration could obviously such dimensions in the life-and-death strug­ The essence of that message (and its form­ not be attained or approached through order gle with non-mllitary means. ulation ls the critical step) is that America or with tranquility. If by their better orga­ Under these circumstances it has become has decided, irrevocably, to win the cold war; nization and discipline, they were successful, incumbent upon our leadership to make the that its ultimate aim is, in concert with all more candid collectivists admit that it would country a.ware of the fact that nonmllita.ry peoples, to cancel out the destructive power be to an accompaniment of violence upon or cold war is also very real-that the penalty of anti-capitalism. those who engage in resistance or reprisal. for losing it will be enslavement. Once that decision is made, some of the It matters little by whom the first blow Hot wars are also a possibility. It may means for implementing it will become self­ would be struck; no one can doubt that an come through the force of circumstances evident; others Will be explored and devel­ era of violence and oppression, confiscations even if no one wants it. Limited, localized oped under the impetus of the clear-cut and liquidations would be concurrent with wars are also a continuing threat. Nothing in goal. Agreement on the problem must come a regime of collectivism. this memorandum should be construed as before agreement on the solution. "Such goals set up a cleavage among us a substitute for adequate military vitality "To be effective," as one student of the too fundamental to be composed by demo­ On the contrary, superior military force in problem has put it, "our decision must be as cratic processes. Our constitutional scheme being is the indispensable guarantee for ef­ sharp-edged and uncompromising as the of elections will not settle issues between fective nonmilitary procedures. Kremlin's; it must be spelled out as unequiv­ large groups when the price of losing is to We must accelerate the tempo of progress ocally as the collectivists have done in the suffer extinction. When dissensions cut too in the race of ascendancy in nuclear weap­ works of Lenin and Stalin and the official deeply, men will fight, even hopelessly, before ons, guided missiles, airpower, early warning programs of the Comintern and cominform." they will submit. And this is the kind of systems, electronic know-how, chemical and To a large extent the success of the collec­ struggle projected by the collectivists and bacteriological warfare. We must maintain tivist movement and its propaganda depends inherent in their program. adequate and well-balanced forces for the upon the ignorance and naivete of those who "Violent and undemocratic means a.re the ground, sea and air. These conventional oppose it as much as of those who are taken calculated and indispensable methods to at­ military forces must be ready and capable in by it. Few· individuals a.re a.ware of the tain the collectivists goal ... In not one of deterring or meeting an outbreak of variety of the organizational disguises, the of the countries it now dominates was the peripheral or small-scale wars this side of a boldness and subtlety of the strategies, and collectivist chosen by a free election; in not general showdown. They will be found to be the fiextbility of the tactics which the col­ one can it be evicted by any election. The indispensable in a general war if one should lectivist movement commands. This is not international police state has crept over be fought without nuclear weapons. We must the whole story of course, but at certain Eastern Europe, parts of Asia, Africa, La.tin stock-pile and protect the sources of vital times its ideological principles, open and con­ and South America. by deception, coercion, strategic inaterials. cealed, together with its organizational pow­ coup d'etat, terrorism, and assassination. Not But short of a blunder that ignites the er, have a decisive influence. Particularly only has it overpowered its critics and op­ third world war which nobody wants, the adept are the collectivists in exploiting the ponents, it has usually liquidated them." immediate danger is the deliberating, costly, principles and watchwords of liberalism and I! we ignore these facts, or do not counter­ tense war of nerves that is part of the cold harnessing to their OWlli political ca.use legiti­ act them effectively in good time, we sh.all war. Because there is no immediate sense of mate grievances and desires for greater so­ lose the cold war by default. For the United overwhelming menace, no thunder of falling cial justice. They score some of their greatest States and other free nations, defeat of this bombs and daily casualty figures, we are apt successes when they are able to pretend that sort would be as catastrophic and as final to think of this period as peace. But it ls the issue is simply one of choice between as defeat in a shooting war. Whether we nothing of the sort. "reactionaries·· and "progressives". They suf­ freeze to death or burn to death, our civili­ The primary threat today ls political and fer their greatest defeats when genuine lib­ zation would be equally finished. psychological: erals who are in.formed and actively take the Were the a.ntl-ca.pltallsts w1111ng to settle "The wlll of man ls not shattered, but lead against them. tor a permanently divided world, each half softened, bent, and guided, men are seldom The greatest lack in the world today in pledged not to interfere with the other, they forced by it to act, but they are constantly the struggle against collectlv1sm ls the ab­ could readily arrange lt. But they a.re not restrained from acting: lt does not tyrannize, sence of a large trained body of men and interested ln a stalemate. In the nature of but it compresses, enervates, extinguishes, women dedicated to the ideals of freedom their ideology and world-wide apparatus of and stupefies a people, tm each nation ts who are experts in the theory of collectivism, action, they must continue to drive relent­ reduced to be nothing better than a flock informed of its practices, and able to give lessly toward their ultimate objective. They of timid and industrious animals, of which positive leadership in the struggles against are irrevocably dedicated to winning the cold the government is the shepherd."-Alexis de them for a freer and better world. The Amer­ war. They prefer to attain world domination Tocqueville ican Communications Networks will be an by nonmilitary means because: · That is the active front on which we are open, public center, run like a great univer­ (a) they consider themselves masters of losing and on which unless we reverse the sity, where specially gifted and qualified ln- July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 222515

dividuals can study all relevant aspects o:t of behaviour, and the right to fulfill one's voted to him. One must assume that even the collectivist movement. It wm undertake potential. his adherents are subject to the same pas­ research and publication projects. It will be Plato based his view on the concept of sions of any other man." open to persons who are dedicated to schol­ justice. "Justice is not the privilege of a par­ Demosthenes was saying there were great arship and in pursuit of the truth (because ticular walk of life, but for every man the forces against Philip in his own area, if the its objective ls the truth its devotion to virtue of minding the business for which he Athenians would hold him in check. He was freedom will be more effective by thorough is gifted." not strong, but rather weak, because of his study and training). Aristotle followed Plato in viewing justice tyrannies. If the Athenians would wake up It will be organized in such a way as to as giving every man his due. He pointed out to the situation, they and the peoples con­ make it independent of partisan political that all men are not equal in all respects quered by him could defeat him. control. (for instance, physically) and that true jus­ Demosthenes warned that they had to take As I pointed out previously, this ideology tice must take these differences into account. advantage of such weakness. He said: At of anti-capitalism is like an amoeba, It mul­ The Epicureans thought of liberty as com­ present, however, when all these feelings, tiplies, becomes larger and continuously plete freedom to pursue plea.sure and to compare this with behind the anti-capital­ changes shape. But the substance remains: a.void pa.in. ist curtain: are repressed and have no out­ history's most elaborate system for creating Alfarabi, a Muslim philosopher of the 10th let, thanks to your indolence and apathy political warfare capabllities. century, considered freedom to be the first which I urge you to throw off at once. For The free world's problem is to undo or neu­ principle of democracy and described free­ observe, Athenians, the height to which the tralize the work done by the graduates of this dom as the ability to do whatever one chooses fellow's insolence has soared. He leaves you collectivist school system. As I mentioned in the pursuit of his desires. no choice of action or inaction. He blusters before, this system does include many schools The Stoics, and later St. Thomas Aquinas and talks big according to all accounts. He within the free world itself, some party oper­ and John Locke, held that all men possess cannot rest content with that which he has ated, some undercover, in what you might natural rights which derive from Natural conquered. He ls always taking in more, call fellow traveling units. The objective of Law. The exercise of these rights constitutes everywhere ca.sting his net a.round us while undoing the work done by the graduates of liberty. we sit idle and do nothing. the collectivist school system cannot be Human freedom involves the necessity of "You take your marching orders from him. reached by defense methods; that is, by mere doing one's duty as dictated by the moral You have never framed any plan of cam­ counteraction against the collectivist threat. conscience. To do freely what one ought to paign for yourselves. You have never fore­ Counteraction ls Important, but a positive do is the true expression of human dignity. seen any event until you learned that some­ approach also is needed in order to enable In modern times, liberty is regarded in the thing has happened or is happening. All this ourselves and our friends to improve security West as the freedom of the individual to was once perhaps permissible. Now things and living conditions in the world. think his own thoughts and to speak and have come to a crisis, so it is no longer in Our poorly trained people are no match for a.ct as he thinks proper, subject only to the your power. the thoroughly trained agents of the anti­ restrictions necessary to preserve the liberty "It seems to me, Athenians, as of some god capitalist world movement, nor are they in a of other individuals and the good of society. out of very shame for the conduct of our position to handle the challenge of demo­ These are but a few of the many viewi,; re­ city, had inspired Philip with this activity. cratic construction (the positive approach) garding liberty. For if he did nothing more, but were willing on a worldwide basis. Tasks of that magni­ Yet, not since ancient Greece have these to rest satisfied with what he has already tude cannot be accomplished by improvisa­ ideas been more alive in actual implemen­ captured and subdued. I believe some of you tion. It must be planned with fulltlme activ­ tation than in 20th Century America.. would be quite content with what must ity. Americans must begin today to market the bring the deepest source of disgrace upon We Americana are good poker players. We spirit of America, the ideals of America, the us and brand us a. nation of cowards." are good football players. But in the biggest character that built her. Material abundance, Yet I find people urging us to follow the contest In which we have ever been engaged, by itself, will crumble in the pages of history couse today as Athens followed then to its not by choice but by necessity, we are in­ just as assuredly as have past civilizations. doom. clined to think that just by being straight­ Freedom and liberty have a. father called THE STRUGGLE FOR THE WORLD forward and open and honest, without much responslbillty. Without a parent, the children In every inhabited part of the world the skill, we will prevail. will never be. forces of collectivism and democracy a.re Unfortunately, much of history is the story I think it was Toynbee who said: "When­ locked together in combat. In this struggle of better civilizations being overcome by ever the frontier between two civilizations there are no neutral territories. In some poorer civilizations, when the better civiliza­ stands still, time always works in the bar­ countries the collectivists are thoroughly en­ tions were not as alert and dedicated, nor barians' favor." Why? Because they work trenched, in others such as the United States willing to work as hard as the poorer. harder, and to win. They know what they the free peoples hold positions of immense The American system of representative gov­ want. They have more drive and they are strength. There 1s however, a. vast no man's ernment and a private enterprise economy, on the offensive. land composed of third world nations in so successful in selllng its products, has failed May I impose a quotation from Demos­ which this issue is in the balance, where to sell itself. Americans, taking their "assets", thenes, supposedly the greatest orator in his­ probably within the next two decades the have built monuments to their success: hos­ tory? He tried in vain to a.waken the people supremacy of one side or another will decide pitals; churches, art museums; educational of Athens to a. threat they feared to face. the f·ate of mankind for centuries to come. institutions; recreational facilities; and They were at the peak of their power; the This 1s not an all-out milltary struggle, scores more. At the same time Americans have whole world beat a path to Athens; it led and it is unlikely to develop into one fought failed to "build" for the perpetuation of the the world a.c; perhaps no civilization ever has.­ even with conventional weapons. A nuclear character and ideas that made those monu­ It excelled in philosophy, science, education, war, with whole cities being blasted out of ments possible. Americans, you and I, have medicine, mathematics, culture, art, litera­ existence in a matter of seconds, is even more sold the bricks and mortar and iron of Amer­ ture, whatever you can name. unlikely. Such events would be the products ica, but we have not sold Americanism. Let me quote a few sentences from Demos­ of madmen. These do not exist among the "There is one quality which we must bring thenes's warning. You remember his great­ leaders and potenia.l leaders of free nations. to the solution of every problem, that is, an est speeches were called the Phllippics. Why? Nor do collectivist leaders show the slightest intense and fervid Americanism. We shall Because they were a. warning about a man inclination to risk the destruction of what never be successful over the dangers that named Phillp, who was picking up the out­ they and their forerunners have taken such confront us, we shall never achieve true posts in neighboring Macedonia (the equiva­ pa.ins to build. The evtdence of the Berlin greatness, nor reach the lofty ideal which the lent of a. Quemoy or a Cuba or an Iraq to­ blockade, Korea, the Middle East, Cuba and founders and preservers of our mighty Fed­ day.) Viet Nam show beyond a shadow of a doubt eral Republic have set before us, unless we Demosthenes was urging that if the that armed conflict on a GLOBAL BASIS ls are Americans in heart and soul, in spirit Athenians allowed this barbarian t.o pick up not pa.rt of the collectivist strategy. and purpose, keenly alive to the responsibil­ the outposts, one day he would knock at the Indeed there is no reason why it should be. ity implied in the very name of American, door of Athens, and Athens would go down, The anti-capitalist leaders are realists. They and proud beyond measure of the glorious not because it was weak, but because it had know the third world war is already in prog­ privilege of bearing it."-Theodore Roosevelt. lost the will to resist. ress and they believe that they are winning Of all the great political ideas in history Demosthenes failed. It was not Philip, but his son Alexander who did take Athens. Its it. This great and decisive struggle for su­ none has had a more universal appeal than premacy is being fought, not between sput­ that of liberty. In fact, the idea probably civilization was destroyed and has never is as old as man. Its first lucid expression in been reconstructed, some 2,800 years later. niks in outer space, but between economic Western thought, however, probably occurred Demosthenes said (and one can substitute systems on earth. around the 5th century before Christ, with the anti-capitalist for Philip, and the The weapons are marketable commodities the flowering of Greek civilization. United States of America for Athens), "Do such as cars, tractors, industrial equipment, Thucydides, for instance, when reporting not believe that his present power is fixed power stations, and consumer goods of all on the funeral oration of Pericles, described and unchangeable like that of a God. No, types. The main armies a.re not soldiers but its expression of equality before the law, men of Athens, he is a mark for the hatred salesmen who, operating as a disciplined freedom from arbitrary or imposed standards and fear even of those who now seem de- force, have been told to get into world mar- 2225,6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 kets and drive out the products of the west­ larged to our children, and our children's some measure the philosophy of what the ern democracies. children. American dream ls all about. That ls the new war. It ls based upon the To do so we must show, not merely in lllSTORIC simple truth that America ls still regarded as times of great crisis, but in the everyday af­ the main bulwark against the spread of col­ fairs of life, the qualities of practical intelli­ The view that the principles of 1776 are lectiVism, ls either a great trading nation ot gence, of courage, of hardihood, of endul"­ valid today, but must be revitalized, ls ac­ ls not a great nation. Deprived of our trade ance, and the power of devotion to a lofty cepted as a design generating principle. We we become a comparatively unimportant is­ ideal that made great the men who founded respect our history and its values, a.nd the land in the collectivist sea. We would be in­ this republic in the days of Washington, traditions that grew from it. Our task ts to capable of defending ourselves, or maintain­ that made great the men who preserved this interpret it with our means, building ma­ ing our population or playing our full part in republic in the days of Lincoln, that will terials, and space to the people of our day, world affairs. Without a constant and efH­ make great the men who wlll perpetuate in the context of our history, those prin­ cient supply of food and r8/W materials from this republic as America's tomorrow. ciples which the founding fathers found so essential. overseas we are doomed. We know that and ADMINISTRATION LIBRARY EXHIBITION SUMMARY so do the collectivists. These three have an expression proper to We are also the heart of a great common­ themselves, but related to the entire concept. We are heirs of a tremendous heritage. wealth, and the mainspring of the sterling This expression uses form, symbolic em­ Are we tha.nkfUl? Are we worthy? Many heirs area. Break this country through destroying phasis, materials and lighting. As in the are not. Is the past just that which ts re­ its economy and the dream of world collec­ structure of democracy, units can be unique corded for time's sake, or is it the footing tivism comes much nearer to reality. within the whole, function separately with for a. greater tomorrow? You must decide as This type of warfare is more dangerous respect for their own and other boundaries, history will reflect. ' because of its subtlety. We may not awaken but are simultaneously a vital ingredient of before it is too late. For this reason the the whole. collectivist runs the most efficient and most The historic American tradition was select­ costly propaganda machine in the world. ed as the shape for each of the three basic FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Day in and day out it conducts a barrage areas for philosophical and architectural rea­ OF N.Y. POLL RESULTS against the minds of free peoples. By lies, sons. The two structures grouped together half-truths. and innuendos, it seeks to suggest a family of related forms and pur­ weaken our morale, undermine the faith poses. Each building, together with its tradi­ in our way of life, and above all to direct our tional counterparts, ls so frequently found HON. NORMAN F. LENT attention away from the real danger. in our nation that one could say it is truly OF NEW YORK Americans cannot complain that the col­ American. From a small mid-western struc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lectivist has not been constantly and con­ ture to the thrust of a giant metropolis, the cisely candid. Over a century ago, for exam­ grouping performs splendidly in revitalizing Thursday, July 10, 1975 ple, the Communist Manifesto, the first America's past. fundamental document of a modern col­ Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, included in They are then gathered together into an the July 1975 newsletter I am currently lectivist, was simple, straightforward, and to equal radius which allows for flexibility in the point. It stated: placement along the axis, as the diameter of sending out to my constituents are the "The communists disdain to conceal their each requires, but with the control always in results from my 5th Annual Constituent views and aims. They openly declare that hand by virtue of the rectangular axis; the Questionnaire. I include the poll ques­ their ends can be attained only through the space between the boundaries of the entitles, tions and results at this point so that forcible overthrow of all existing social con­ at the generating core, is the logical space my colleagues in Congress, as well as ditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at for entrance, control and circulation. a communist revolution. In it the proletar­ other government leaders, may know the The rectangle serves as 'generator' and also viewpoints of citizens in the Fourth Con­ ians have nothing to lose but their chains. as 'control' for the site, just as it does for Th ey have a world to win. Working men of all each building. The site work and buildings gressional District of Long Island's countries, unite!" must relate organically to each other, for Nassau County on a number of the major This was given reality by t he seizure of each contributes with the other to a suc­ problems facing the Nation today. power in Russia by the Bolsheviks in 1917. cessful completion. The Freedom Study Cen­ The results of the poll follow: The world movement achieved a base from ter will not force itself as a.n intrusion in the [In Percent) which it could reach out into the farthest landscape, but wm be an outgrowth of it. corners of the globe. Adherents in all coun­ 1. As a means of conserving energy, do you tries have since then consciously accepted GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIP favor or oppose a tax on new autos in di­ the doctrine that the USSR ls the collectivist· The Republic form, with its three bodies, rect proportion to their gasoline efficiency? heartland, and that its rUles are the potential legislative, judicial and executive, not equal masters of mankind. in numerical size, but with each haVing its Favor ------59 The essential aim was summarized in the own unique function, is expressed sym­ Oppose ------41 following statement: bollcally by the two major structures. With 2. Do you favor or oppose postponing en­ "The victory of socialism in one country their freedom in size and position along the vironmental restrictions already legislated ls not a. self-sufficient task. The revolution axis, described at least in the abstract, the but not yet in effect on autos and coal-burn­ which has been Victorious in one country variety which the three bodies of govern­ ing facllities because of the energy and eco­ must regard itself not as a self-sufHclent en­ ment have. The two buildings, however, are nomic situation? tity, but as an aid, a means for hastening within the rectangular plam. The rectangle, the victory of the proletariat in all coun­ as the most stable planar structure, provides Favor ------57 tries . . . For the Victory of the revolution the visual stability within which variety, in Oppose ------43 in one country ... ls the beginning of and the form of each structure, can flourish. 3. Do you favor or oppose a Federal Gov­ the groundwork for the world revolution." This relationship of stab111ty and variety ls ernment takeover of the major oil firms? These are the words of Stalin, taken from not one of conflict, but ls rather the essence "Problems of Leninism", published in 1941. of one of our Republican touchstones, 1.e., Favor ------35 They declare the blunt truth. FREEDOM. The definition of freedom: "Run­ Oppose ------65 This report ls what in army terms would ning easy under harness", is, we think, 4. WoUld you favor or oppose Congressional he described as "an appreciation of the situa­ epitomized by this relationship. efforts to hold the line on Federal spending tion". How strong ls anti-capitalism's pres­ PHILOSOPHIC FOUNDATION for human and social programs? ent position and what is her potential power? We accept the divine creation of man, Who a.re her agents in the democratic coun­ Favor ------70 which premise ls denied by the collectivist Oppose ------30 tries a.nd how do they operate? view, and the three attributes of man: We are in the throes of a war which we BODY; SOUL; SPIRIT; must be considered 5. Do you favor or oppose continuing eco­ dare not lose, yet lose it we Will unless free in any thorough analysis of how man func­ nomic and military foreign aid and loans to peoples everywhere awaken to the danger and tions. These attributes, in active participa­ friendly, noncommunlst nations? unite in self-defense of the freedoms which tion, are necessary for the full flowering of have taken centuries to build, but which can an individual. From these three the spiritual Favor ------48 be destroyed almost overnight. concept of the Fatherhood of God and the Oppose ------52 brotherhood of man ls derived. 6. Do you favor or oppose spending enough AMERICAN COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK: FREE­ Our architecture must try to 'express what on defense to maintain a military balance DOM STUDY CENTER we are, or ought to be'. Though some may with the Soviet Union and Red China? Americans today must have faith that we say that human qualities cannot be assigned shall not prove false to the memories of the to bullcllngs, none-the-less, it ls true that Favor ------84 men of the mighty past. They did their work the values of previous cultures are revealed Oppose ------16 they left us the splendid heritage we now to us in large measure by their buildings. 7. Do you favor or oppose holding up sale enjoy. Now, we must do our work. We must Future generations will scrutinize our build­ of drllling leases on offshore oll sites until have an assured confidence that we shall be ings to reveal our values. This complex, there ls greater assurance there wlll be ne> able to leave this hertiage unwasted and en- therefore, must express the vision a.n.d 1n spills or other environmental damage? July 1 O, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22257 our government and some stability to our the consumer in the market, will pay the Favor ------58 price. This is an example of how inflation Oppose ------42 economy. Tonight I want to talk to you about what permanently increases the cost of food in 8. Do you favor or oppose mandatory na­ I call "The Free Lunch Society." That's our country.... tional health insurance for all, financed by really rather difficult to do, because there is Just as an example, to enforce these gov­ payroll deductions, with the taxpayers paying no such thing. ernment regulations there now is an army of the cost for low-income families? What I'm really talking about, of course, regulators-about 63,000 federal regulators, is freedom and the government--principa.lly in fact, this fiscal year at a direct cost of Favor ------41 the federal government. Not freedom from $2.2 b1llion. The indirect costs are incalcula­ Opposed------59 the government nor freedom under the gov­ ble; individuals and firms spent more than 9. To hold down the cost of any national ernment, but rather freedom in co-existence 130 million man hours during the year filling health insurance program, would you favor with government.... out thousands of different forms required by or oppose limiting coverage to only cata­ ... We properly expect government to federal law. Just since 1967, the spewing strophic illnesses? provide certain basic services like national forth of paper from the federal grist mill has defense and the protection of individuals increased 50 percent. Favor ------53 in their persons and property. For this we I don't anticipate any great lessening in Oppose ------47 pay our taxes-and more. Washington's eagerness to regulate business 10. Do you favor or oppose my bill to halt We have a Bill of Rights that is designed but the high costs of administering such forced busing of public school children? to protect us from government. We don't regulation must also be recognized as a heavy like to think of ourselves as serving under contribut or to inflation. Favor ------90 the government, but rather of the govern­ . . . Politicians periodically head back to Oppose ------10 ment serving us. But our people demand the grass roots spouting concern for the hard­ 11. Do you favor or oppose taxpayer financ­ so many government services-without pressed citizenry, then return to Washington ing of House and Senate election campaigns? counting the costs-that government no to propose new and larger spending programs longer serves us. We serve it. and resultant higher prices. Favor ------45 Our strange insistence that government Misdirected anger at these higher prices Oppose ------55 solve every short-run difficulty for us only leads to mistrust of business-not the gov­ 12. At present the social security recipient leads to increasing long-run problems. And, ernment which started the cycle, and the cost may earn $2,520 yearly without losing any of course, the people who work in govern­ of a 1975 automobile is a good example. This benefits. Do you favor or oppose my bill to ment are in the "business" of selling us same misdirected anger leads to more con­ raise this limit to $4,800? patent-medicine solutions to our problems. trols and regulations over business and in­ The public becomes "trained,'' in a Pavlovian dustry.... Favor ------93 sense, to look to the government when the In a recent poll conducted by the Roper Oppose ------7 going gets rough.... What is discouraging Organization, business received high praise is the apparent attractiveness to many peo­ compared with federal agencies. Private cor­ ple of these actions and about government porations, as viewed by the public, are run solutions generally. They seem to feel there more efficiently, have more intelligent top THE FREE LUNCH SOCIETY is low price or no price at all. It just comes management and better middle and lower from "the government," whoever that may level employees than federal agencies. Busi­ be. Woodrow Wilson once said, "No man ness even was considered to contribute more ever saw a government. I live in the midst to making people's lives better. It seems, ac­ HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS of the government of the United States, but cording to Roper, that despite Widespread OF IDAHO I never saw the government of the United criticism of business prices and profits, Amer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States." ican business is still admired and respected What the public seems to want is for the for the way it does its job, and for what it Thursday, July 10, 1975 government to spend-but also for the gov­ contributes to enhancing the quality of Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, in my :first ernment not to tax. Because the federal gov­ American life. . . . campaign for Congress in 1972 and ever ernment can run a deficit and finance it by The American people must understand in effect printing more money, legislators and that they pay for everything they get, and since I have consistently tried to remind administrations can offer money at an ap­ that if they continue to demand more and my colleagues and constituents of the old parently low price. more services from the federal government saying "There Ain't No Such Thing as a This is "The Free Lunch Society." they will pay for them with their personal Free Lunch." I have been pleased to find, The cost of the "free lunch," of course, is freedom. The government doas not give With­ Mr. Speaker, that this point is beginning ultimately in our taxes, which now are run­ out taking first. to get across to many people as the cost ning at about 40 percent of national income, We must plan to solve Jong-range prob­ of Government programs to the taxpayer and in the tax of inflation on cash balances. lems, not just apply mustard plasters to Sweden, which has a cradle-to-grave sort of make everyone happy in the short run. goes higher and higher. socialism, used to be the world's highest with There is no easy or "free" way to solve our My good friend and constituent, Bill a 40 percent tax burden. Now we've got a 40 problems. Campbell, in Boise, Idaho, sent me a copy percent rate, and we don't even get a free In energy, as in all segments of the econ­ of a newsletter from the Insurance Eco­ grave out of the deal, much less a cradle. No omy, we must keep the regulators out. The nomics Society of America which con­ wonder income seems small-40 percent in long run costs of short run "solutions" are tained a speech on this very topic. The taxes plus a. whopping rate of inflation. This just too high. speech was delivered by Mr. Fred Hart­ amounts to a massive case of indigestion The marketplace, and not government ley, chairman and president of Union Oil from that so-called "free lunch." planning, should regulate the economy. The ... Let me give you an idea of what's hap­ desire for private gain and fulfillment, not Co. I would like to read this speech into pening, for example, in construction costs. A federal regulation or decree, should be the the RECORD for the benefit of my col­ Union Oil subsidiary built a chemical ferti­ motivating force. leagues: lizer complex in Kenai, Alaska at a cost of $65 A good description of how far our system THE FREE LUNCH SOCIETY million in 1968. has drifted was written recently by Dr. w. (Excerpts from a speech by Fred L. Hartley, In order to take care of the increased fer­ Philip Gramm, an economics professor at Chairman and President Union 011 Co.) tilizer requirements of our western farmers, TexasA&M...... I was :flattered to be asked to speak to we are now in the process of duplicating that "It is a happy coincidence that out of you tonight. Actually I'm :flattered these complex, minus a few of the extras the origi­ 211 million Americans you have called the days to be asked almost anything instead nal plant had. To be completed in 1977, only right man, because I know exactly what to of being told what I must do by Uncle Sam nine years following the first plant, the cost do." Gramm told his caller he "envisioned and all of his nephews and nieces who are 1s not $65 million but nearly four times that a system which was not going to cost a penny, running state governments. figure for a total of $230,000,000, thanks but in fact would make money. It would be You represent a rare and ever-diminishing chiefly to sky-rocketing construction, labor so productive that we could tax its output species, those who are dedicated to the ad­ and equipment costs. and finance government programs on the vancement of private business. I draw that How does this fuel the fires of inflation? basis of its productivity. rather obvious conclusion because as Com­ For our company to receive the same rate of " . . . we would allow people to own prop­ merce Associates of the University of South­ return on its investment on the new plant erty, and we would allow them to combine ern California. you are dedicated to the ad­ as on the old, the value of the product obvi­ this property with their God-given talents vancement of private business education. ously has to rise. The product from the new to produce output. We would allow them to And do we need more of that! I wish I could plant should cost a.bout $70 per ton more sell output in a free market so that ea.ch in­ mandate that every politician and bureaucrat than product made at our present plant with dividual, in attempting to maximize his own first had to have several yea.rs of business its lower investment base. The new costs will welfare, would operate at maximum efficien­ education and experience so he would have have to be passed along to the wholesalers cy. And each consumer, in attempting to an idea of what the real world is all about. and the farmers who use this form of fer­ maximize his own individual welfare, would Maybe it would help bring some sanity to tilizer !or their crops. Ultimately you and I, economize on the things that were scarce 22258 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 10, 1975 and therefore expensive, an d substitute for primarily to the fact that we have both had opinion of the Comptroller General in un­ them things that were abundant and there­ experience on behalf of our Government in equivocal language. for cheap. dealing with earlier phases of the Cyprus The question now is: Should the Congress "In such a system, by rewarding produc­ problem which is the central area of dispute. wipe out the penalties of violation wh1cn, tion and innovation, we would assure a maxi­ We have individually discussed the problem in express terms, would render Turkey ineu­ mum level of economic growth." informally with acquaintances in the Greek gible for further American weapons until the Gramm added that he "was basically a and Turkish Governments and one of us has Turkish Government takes steps to purge modest person and wanted his caller to know talked with both Prime Minister Carama.nlis itself by some serious move to settle its dis­ this was not totally his idea; that, in fact, of Greece and former Prime Minister Ecevit pute with Greece and to remove its troops if he would like a written reference, he of Turkey within recent months. However, from Cyprus? To do so might dangerously might look at Adam Smith's Wealth of Na­ we are not privy to the current diplomatic undercut the conditions we have imposed on tions, written in 1776." traffic or to current intelligence reports or to the use of all the arms we have provided un Gramm was invited to Washington, any­ facts not available to any informed American to this point under our various military aid way, in spite of advocating such heresy. who follows the unfolding of this drama in and military sales programs. Which is how, as he puts it, "for a four­ the newspapers. That Turkey must make some major cou­ month period, while I didn't invent the free We shall try to confine our comments this cessions in order to create the conditions ror enterprise system, I had the sole Washing­ afternoon to the issues immediately facing long-term stability in Cyprus seams evideni:;. ton distributorship of it." the Committee. Each of us has in the past The Turks invaded Cyprus with a. military It is this kind of system, envisioned by expressed views regarding the manner in force of, perhaps, 40,000 men, a large pa.rt of Adam Smith and recalled by Professor which this affair was handled by the United which is still on the island. Even after nego­ Gramm, that has brought the American peo­ States Government during its initial phases tiations had been started, they enlarged their ple the highest standard of living on earth. that took place just a year ago. But all that beachhead on the island until they now And it has worked well because for the most is moot. The problem now before this Com­ occupy some 40 percent of the total land pa.rt it has been permitted to function mittee is immediate and practical and we area and a. much larger percent of the eco­ naturally, with a minimum of intervention shall leave the autopsy of past events to nomically valuable land-in spite of the by government.... future historians. fact that the Turkish Cypriote population is Although this committee must necessarily only a.bout 18 percent of the total. All this focus on the current Greece-Turkey dispute, has resulted in-and is still resulting in-a the issues involved go well beyond the con­ tragic dislocation in the lives of many Greek GEORGE BALL AND CYRUS VANCE troversy to the whole question of American Cyprlotes. ON TURKEY sales and grants of weapons and military Obviously, this is a situation which the equipment to foreign governments. That is Greek Government-with its sense of a spe­ a practice which began in the days immedi­ cial responsibility for the Greek Cyprlote HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL ately after the Second World War and, par­ population--cannot possibly tolerate and OF NEW YORK ticularly in the last few years, has mounted long stay in office. Yet, in spite of the efforts to alarming proportions. of the United Nations Secretary General IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the beginning, America. provided arms and proposals of good offices by the United Thursday, July 10, 1975 primarily to enlist countries in a common States, the situation remains stalemated. The effort to stop the spread of Communism; Turks take the position that they will not Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, two thus, for some years the emphasis was on negotiate until the flow of United States arms distinguished Americans who held key persuading countries to become our allies is renewed, since that would amount, as they foreign policymaking positions testified rather than neutralists. Later, as the Soviet see it, to negotiating under duress. today before the Committee on Interna­ Union became itself a major arms supplier, Whether-in view of the weakness and divi­ tional Relations on legislation to restore the practice acquired competitive or pre­ sion of the Turkish Government-they would certain military assistance to Turkey. emptive overtones. Still later, we largely be prepared to negotiate reasonably if the shifted our effort .from grants to the sale of arms flow is restored and the pressure is off, This subject will come before the H{)use arms, primarily in order to reduce the then ls a matter which it may be prudent to view for a vote very soon, propelled by a chronic deficit in the United States• balance with some skepticism. Turkish ultimatum on U.S. bases there. of payments. The Greek Government, for its pa.rt, is The deadline by Turkey is July 17; I In spite of the fact that our worrying bal­ under great pressure from the people to hope House members will read carefully ance of payments position put considerable rectify the situation and get on with a set­ the Ball-Vance statement below before pressure on the Government to expand its tlement. Many Greeks feel-whether rightly the floor vote which involves importan11 arms sales, it has only been in the last two or wrongly is a. matter of opinion-that the principles of law and of American for­ years that sales and grants of arms have United States let them down when it did not taken a quantum jump. Until 1973 they re­ deter Turkey from launching an invasion, eign policy. The statement follows: mained in the area of $3 to $4 billion a as it had done on earlier occasions. This feel­ STATEMENT BY GEORGE W. BALL AND year, but in 1974 the figure leaped to $8.2 ing is widespread in Greece and has evoked CYRUS R. VANCE billion, and this fl.seal year it is likely to go demonstrations of anti-American sentiment. In deciding what modification, if any, to $8.5 billion for sales alone and, we under­ The fact that the United States has cut off should be ma.de in the provisions regarding stand, perhaps as much as $11 billion for military supplies to Turkey has been the military assistance to Turkey which have both sales and grants. strongest argument to offset what many been in effect since la.st February 5, this These are disturbing figures when it is Greeks regard as a pro-Turkish "tilt" to committee faces some difficult decisions. It realized that a large part of these arms are American policy. Thus, if Congress were now must try to fashion a course of action that being supplied to countries in areas of the to reverse its action of last December and let will achieve at least four major objectives: world marked by local tensions and con­ the arms flow to Turkey resume without re­ First, encourage Greece and Turkey to flict-particularly the Middle East. In fact, it lating it to progress in the negotiations, the move their negotiations oft' dead center so takes an optimist to believe that such a Greek Government might well feel compelled that their differences, including the differ­ massive amount of hardware can be injected to respond to public outrage and frustration ences between the Greek and Turkish com­ into an overheated area without the strong by denying America the right to continue munities on Cyprus, can be permanently proba.blllty that, sooner or later, some nation Its bases and other installations on Greek settled. wlll decide to use some of it. territory. Second, preserve the principles under Our one safeguard is that most of these Obviously, threats by either side to with­ which the United States has supplied, by arms are provided under explicit conditions draw from NATO or evict America from its grant or sale, over $70 billion of arms to that they will be used only for the purposes military _installations cannot be Justified in various countries of the world during the for which they are explicitly provided, whlc:n purely rational terms. If the two countries last three decades and avoid setting a prece­ are solely ifor internal security, legitimate are members of NATO, it is for reasons of dent that might encourage the aggressive self-defense and to permit the recipient their own security and they might seriously use of those arms by any grantee or pur­ country to participate in collective security impair their own security interests 1f they chaser. arrangements consistent with the United carried out such treats. But this is a situa­ Third, restore the vitallty of NATO, and Nations Charter-which, of course, includes tion dominated by passion and pride and particularly its Southern wing, which has NATO. But that raises the central question: ancient enmities, and one cannot expect re­ suffered severe deterioration as a result of actions to be cool and reasoned. the Greek-Turkish quarrel. How can we preserve the credibility of these This committee, ls of course, thoroughly Fourth, preserve American bases and other conditions if we a.re prepared to ignore them familiar with these facts and we have installations, both in Greece and Turkey, in the case of Turkey in a highly visible touched on them briefly only to indicate the which a.re important to the security of the situation which all the world is watching? basis for our own suggestions. Th1s ts not a United States and of its North Atlantic That Turkey used the arms we provided situation where there are any easy or pat a.mes. ln violation of the relevant American laws answers; it involves a balancing of interests We both appear here this afternoon as pri­ and of the express language of the bilateral and considerations under circumstances vate citizens, representing no one but our­ agreement that governed their transfer is not where the ultimate consequences are highly selves. Any special credentials a.re limited in services at less cost. The gains thus produced ment, the fuel resources, which America will keep our American economy robust and grow­ are real gains, not inflationary mirages. need to multiply jobs and improve living ing. But by mounting a determined effort.. Numerous factors--individual ingenuity, standards. against inflation and by carefully modifying managerial competence, the will and skill This must especially involve, it seems to tax and other laws that influence the invest­ to work-contribute t.o greater productivity us, changes in the ways we encourage cor­ ment climate, it can and assuredly should in a society. But the trigger to this enhanced porate and individual savings-which form help stimulate the formation of private capi­ efficiency is the capital investment tha.t the reservoir of potential investment cap­ tal so essential to our standard of living. builds new manufacturing plants, installs ital-and the way we look at and treat the No society can live indefinitely beyond its new equipment and creates new jobs. profits that attract that investment. means, consume more than it produces, or­ A nation can live on its past investments­ In recent years, the U.S. has skimped on prosper without thoughtful planning alert.. its fat--for a while, and we have been doing savings and gone on a spending and borrow­ to promising new directions. exactly that. The average age of U.S. manu­ ing spree. This spending has had the ap­ Inflation, especially prolonged inflation.. facturing plants has lengthened instead of pearance of raising living standards, at least must be restrained because it disrupts pru­ shortened in the 1970s. But no nation can until inflation got completely out of hand. dent economic planning throughout a so­ put off self-renewing investment indefinitely But it has also ballooned all forms of debt-­ ciety, encourages wasteful consumption and and America's recent record is disturbingly consumer, corporate and government--to cheapens the real worth of savings, private unimpressive. alarming heights. In the meantime, both and corporate, from which self-renewing in­ From 1963 through 1973, the U.S. chan­ savings and the incentives to save have vestment must come. neled only 17 .5 per cent of its real national lagged. We save less than many nations do. Relative price stability, then, remains crit­ output into capital investment. We ranked And our rate of gross private savings in the ical to a truly wholesome investment cli­ dead last among 11 major Free World na­ last 20 years has failed to grow, stabilizing mate. But that a.lone won•t suffice 1f the na­ tions. By contrast, Japan ranked first with at about 15 per cent of the t.otal value of tion is to raise the enormous amounts of 85 per cent, West Germany second with 25.8 what we produce. capital, totaling perhaps $5 trillion, which per cent and Canada fourth with 21.8 per The surest method for enlarging the flow this economy will need in the next 10 years. cent. Not surprisingly, in roughly those same of savings and investment is obviously to Congress must reexamine the tax laws, as in years, the U.S. ranked 18th among 20 in­ sweeten their rewards. That means providing fact the House Ways & Means Committee has dustrial nations in its annual gains in over­ attractive opportunities for proftts. No one begun to do, looking toward strengthening all economic growth. One of the two we out­ would invest in a new company in the energy several principles for stimulating and guid- ranked was, a.gain not surprisingly, Great field, or buy new stock issued by a firm ing future investment. _ Britain-living off the past and beyond its building houses or manufacturing anti­ First, the tax laws should seek both to en­ means. pollution equipment, without the prospect of large the investment pool and guide it in Not only have we allowed the pace of a significant return on his investment. high-priority directions. Not only does this American investments to lag, which magni­ Public policies must encourage this. But mean devising fresh incentives for invest­ fies future requirements, but these a.re this won't be done without some turn ments in essential areas but it means clos­ swollen by unexpected events such as the a.round in public attitudes and political ing loopholes which merely shelter wasteful tremendous shift in energy demands. shibboleths-without, to be specific, an eas­ or less useful investment. Experts differ over the precise figure, but a ing of the distrust many Americans have Apart from using selective tax incentives consensus seems to put the total capital for business and misconceptions about cor­ for essential national purposes, such as en­ requirements over the next decade at be­ porate profits. ergy conservation and expansion of energy tween $4 trillion and $5 trillion. Th6 U.S. Opinion surveys reveal the general public resources, the government in the decade Treasury and Commerce Departments put thinks American firms earn more than five ahead will undoubtedly need to use many it on the low side at $4 trillion, the New times as much, in percentage of sales, as other devices for directly or indirectly un­ York stock Exchange estimates $4.7 trillion. they really do. And because of the impact derwriting high-risk investments in specific Just the other day in Buffalo, Chase Man­ of inflation and other factors, the level of high-priority areas. But its main aim here hattan Bank President Willard C. Butcher real earnings retained by U.S. non.financial should be to make sure that the economy spoke of $5.1 trillion. Barring a change in corporations has tumbled dramatically since generates an adequate total pool of invest­ investment conditions, James Needham, the mid-1960s. ment capital, and then, to the maximum stock exchange chairman, foresees a capital Nor 1s it true, as so much anti-business extent feasible, the government should rely investment gap by 1985 of $650 billion while political rhetoric implies, that investors, es­ on the traditional capital market to allocate­ Mr. Butcher nearly doubled that in his ad­ pecially those in middle-income brackets, this capital freely raither than trying to d<> dress here. get all the tax breaks. For one thing, most it through bureaucratic decrees. All these are only estimates, t.o be sure, and profits a.re taxed twice-once as corporate second, the tax laws should do less, over they a.re subject to error. Whatever the exact profits and again, if paid out in dividends, the long run, to encourage borrowing and a.mounts, however, the magnitude of the as income for stockholders. Capital gains more to encourage savings and investment. next decade's investment requirements is in the U.S., a major incentive for risk-taking Thus, for example, a family that now owes enormous. And any significant shortfall in are taxed more heavily here than in Canada, money on an overdue charge account or cred­ meeting them will almost certainly stunt the West Germany and many other industrial it card purchase gets a tax deduction on the growth of the American economy, fuel in­ nations. interest paid; but one that saves money in flation, waste jobs, reduce our standard of Nowhere could a change of anti-business a bank gets no tax break on the in teres1; living a.nd weaken our ability to compete or anti-investment attitudes prove more earned. vigorously in the world economy. helpful almost immediately than in the field Similarly, there now a.re lucrative tax in­ "OUr capital investment needs in coming of energy. Energy used to be relatively cheap. centives for corporations to borrow for ex- July 10, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22261 tion dollars on foreign soil. Independent oil pansion rather than to market new issues of loss of American jobs. The action of a operators went out of business then, just as .stock. This is one reason for the precariously majority of the House Committee on In­ many cattle feeders are today. mounting corporate debt and a growing im­ ternational Relations if supported by a "The oil industry had tremendous prob­ balance between debt and equity financing majority of the Congress will be a vote lems with environmentalists, with a drastic in recent years. Also, American corporations effect on our present energy supply," said -cannot recover the costs of their machinery to the reimposition of the embargo. and equipment as fast as those in many Engler. He believes that these critics seem -0ther nations. The rate here ls about 50 per to be "afflicted with a like attitude toward cent of the investment in the first three agriculture." years. In Canada, it is 100 per cent; in France "We can gear up during the next 10 years "90, and in Japan 64. Current incentives for OIL SHORTAGE TODAY. BEEF to be energy-sufficient again, but if we care­ rapid depreciation, changed again last March TOMORROW? lessly cripple farmers and cattle feeders, no after an on-and-off history, should at least one will be left to use the energy. There ls be stabilized and, in certain critical fields, no shortcut to food production,'' Engler de­ liberalized. HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS clared. A third principle that ought to govern tax­ Union contracts still ban boxed beef in law revisions is the desirabllity of involving OF IDAHO many cities, including St. Louis, Kansas City, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Chica.go and Milwaukee. "Other restrictions more individual Americans in the owner­ range from the sublime to the ridiculous," ship of equity shares. Thursday, July 10, 1975 Even relatively small changes in the treat­ declared Engler, mentioning the Chicago ment of capital gains or stock dividends Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, it is beyond local union ban of all meat sales after 6:00 p.m. and on Sundays. could nudge more Americans to take a piece me whether my most constructive role "The butchers think lifting the ban wm of the investment action. Nor should this in this Congress is as legislator or in­ jeopardize their job security,'' he says. "The assist only--or even primarily-the wealthy house "I told you so." But for the record, union was successful in getting a $1.90 an investor. Raising the present $100 exclusion I submit another scrap of history-his­ of dividends from taxes, or deferring taxes on hour wage increase over three years, bringing dividends re-invested in new stocks up to tory which I hope will alert future gen­ top wages for a top journeyman meat cutter modest limits, for example, would give most erations that not all of us waltzed inno­ in Chicago to $8.30 an hour." help to investors of modest means. cently down the path to serfdom and A sidelight to the ban, according to Engler, So there ls no shortage of ideas in setting economic chaos. was a sign in a Chicago tavern window: "No a fresh course to promote America's real butchers served after 6:00 p .m." I want to enter into the RECORD at this Engler lauded two government actions of growth in living standards. The toughest point a page from the Farm Journal in chore will be to sort out those ideas in a recent weeks. The first was conclusion of a which the vice president of the Iowa Beef special USDA Task Force study that showed balanced, coherent program that is effective Processors draws an excellent parallel as well as fair to all elements in our society. the sharp rise in labor costs was a major fac­ This can :flow only from a recognition of the between what Government has done to tor in widening meat price margins. The problem. an updating of publlc attitudes and, the oil industry and is setting out to do other was a statement by Secretary of Agri­ above a.11, a change in the political climate to the beef industry. The scenario is the culture Earl Butz at a recent boxed beef that has for too long treated profits as a same. The technique is the same. The seminar. Butz expressed hope that savings rip-off, savings as slightly anti-social and the from the boxed beef prices could add dimes resul t.s are going to be the same. and quarters toward solving the plight of spending of every cent of income as the high­ Let it be recorded for history that at est form of economic patriotism. producers, helping protect meat supplies and least a few of us noticed the problem in preventing future meat shortages. advance and spoke out. "It finally gives us a ray of hope to see one The article follows: government agency having the guts to say OIL SHORTAGE TODAY. BEEF TOMORROW? something labor unions find offensive," OPPOSITION TO U.N. EMBARGO ON (By Paul Engler) Engler declared. RHODESIAN CHROME Study the history of how government and public opinion contributed to our current oil crisis and you find some alarming parallels of these same forces now at work on the U.S. INDIANA DUNES NATIONAL LAKE­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK beef industry. SHORE PARK: THE NEED FOR A OF OHIO That was the thrust of Paul Engler's mes­ COMPROMISE SOLUTION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sage to the Nebraska Livestock Feeders an­ nual convention last month. Engler is well Thursday, July 10, 1975 qualified to speak on the subject---he has ex­ HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN ' Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the tensive experience in both cattle feeding and OF INDIANA House Committee on International Re­ the oil business. He is now vice president of Iowa Beef Processors. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lations vote to reimpose the U.N.-spon­ " 'There is plenty of oil,' the so-called ex­ sored ban on Rhodesian chrome is an­ perts told us," Engler stated. "And they said Thursday, July 10, 1975 other job-destroying move of the Con­ future shortages were myths spread by the Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, I speak to­ gress. oil companies and independent oil operators day to the need for a fair and equitable Rhodesian chrome plays an important to scare the government into decontrolling solution to the proposed expansion of the the price of natural gas and restricting im­ role in our industry and our defense. The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Park. specialty steel industry wm be particu­ ports of foreign oil. "So instead of giving our country's oil op­ H.R. 5241 attempt.s to strike a balance larly hard hit as they depend on chrome erators financial incentives to explore for between environmentalist concern for for their product.s. In Coshocton, Uni­ domestic oil, they told us to rely on imports. maximum expansion and industrial con­ versal Cyclops is a major specialty steel The name of the game was cheap oil and cern for a very reduced expansion. Since plant which employs many people. In cheap gas. we must have park expansion as well as Mansfield, Empire-Detroit is another "'We have and inexhaustible supply of industrial growth and development, it is major industry that is a major employer. beef,' these 'experts' tell us. They don't talk about the possibllity of future shortages. necessary to find a practicable and work­ If the importation of Rhodesian chrome able compromise that serves the best in­ is stopped, these two companies and their "We have the same pressures today in the beef industry that we had in oil. The 'ex­ terest.s of the entire community. employees will be adversely affected as perts' at public policy will continue to allow This bill which I have introduced in a will hundreds of other specialty steel an infiux of imported beef. It will take a con­ spirit of compromise was designed to end plants in this country. certed effort to knock that threat down. the devisive conflict in the communities When the United States participated "Our present problems in energy grew of northern Porter County and get these in the embargo from 1967 to 1971, the largely from a hostile attitude toward the communities behind a common proposal. only other major supplier-the Soviet domestic oil industry. Major oil companies Both industrial and environmental leased mineral rights and farmed them out Union-sharply increased its prices. It to independent opera.tors, who assumed the groups have supported this compromise would probably do the same again. The risks and found the oil. They then formed bill, as have a number of agencies, or­ American specialty steel industry would partnerships. ganizations, and community leaders. A be faced with higher costs and find it "But $3 crude oil and lOc natural gas recent editorial in the Gary Post-Tribune more difficult to compete with imported weren't enough financial incentive. The ma­ dated June 27, 1975, captures the spirit specialty steels. The result would be a jors went overseas and spent their explora- of compromise prevalent in the commu- 22262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE July 11, 1975 nities of northern Indiana. I ask per­ of Huntington in his earlier wider expansion mittee, and eventually the entire House and mission to reprint this editorial, and I bill. But we believe the Fithian plan, worked Senate, can see their way clear to sticking to out in a series of home base parleys to include the general outlines of the Fithian com­ commend it to the attention of my col­ a number of added natural beauties in the promise. leagues in the House. It is as follows: park and yet leave some room for industrial "The whole idea of the compromise.'' STICK TO COMPROMISE expansion , would more nearly suit a majority. Fithian said when the new proposed amend­ Where expansion of the Dunes National Nor do we contend, since a. national park ments surfaced this week, "was to lower tem­ Lakeshore is concerned, we remain convinced for t h e potential use of all citizens is involved, peratures and get the whole community be­ that Rep. Floyd Fithta.n better reflects the that a single congressional district has t h e hind a proposal." consensus of his 2nd District constituents right to dictate. Neverth eless, since that dis­ We agree, believing Fithian worked as sin­ than do congressmen from Ohio or elsewhere trict is properly offering much of its natural cerely as possible to reach that goal and that in Indiana. beauty for the use of all, we believe its citi­ adoption of the Sieberllng amendments would That doesn't mean he sees eye-to-eye with zens deserve to have consideration given to a. be "a slap in the face." an voters in his district. Obviously Rep. John plan which would allow it to keep and extend Compromise brought the original Lakeshore Seiberling of Ohio is speaking for a core of its economic health. into being along with the Port of Indiana. We local dunes enthusiasts in offering amend­ So, we trust that when Congress begins to believe that that spirit of working for both ments that would sink Fithia.n's compromise get back to the subject aft er its July 4 re­ recreation and jobs can provide the most progTa.m just as was Rep. J. Edward Roush cess, the House Parks and Recreation subcom- effective solution this time around.

SENATE-Friday, July 11, 1975