Geocoris Punctipes</Emphasis>
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Research Article Ecological Observations of Native Geocoris Pallens and G
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2013, Article ID 465108, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/465108 Research Article Ecological Observations of Native Geocoris pallens and G. punctipes Populations in the Great Basin Desert of Southwestern Utah Meredith C. Schuman, Danny Kessler, and Ian T. Baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Straße¨ 8, 07745 Jena, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Ian T. Baldwin; [email protected] Received 5 November 2012; Accepted 16 April 2013 Academic Editor: David G. James Copyright © 2013 Meredith C. Schuman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Big-eyed bugs (Geocoris spp. Fallen,´ Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are ubiquitous, omnivorous insect predators whose plant feeding behavior raises the question of whether they benefit or harm plants. However, several studies have investigated both the potential of Geocoris spp. to serve as biological control agents in agriculture and their importance as agents of plant indirect defense in nature. These studies have demonstrated that Geocoris spp. effectively reduce herbivore populations and increase plant yield. Previous work has also indicated that Geocoris spp. respond to visual and olfactory cues when foraging and choosing their prey and that associative learning of prey and plant cues informs their foraging strategies. For these reasons, Geocoris spp. have become models for the study of tritrophic plant-herbivore-predator interactions. Here, we present detailed images and ecological observations of G. pallens Stal˚ and G. -
A Comparative Study of Two Seed Bugs, Geocoris
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO SEED BUGS, GEOCORIS BULLATUS (SAY) AND G. DISCOPTERUS STAL (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) IN THE YUKON. By JENNIFER J. ROBINSON B.Sc. Trent University, 1980 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY We accept this thesis as conforming te trie required standard June, 1985 (c) Jennifer J. Robinson, 1985 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 )E-6 C3/81) Abstract Geocoris bullatus (Say 1831), (Henriptera: Lygaeidae) has been collected and studied across North America but the present work is the o first detailed study of western North American CL discopterus Stal 1874. In fact, it has been claimed that 6^. discopterus is solely a species of the east. As the two species are taxonomically difficult to separate, when they were apparently discovered together at several localities in the southwestern Yukon, a detailed investigation of their systematics and distribution seemed necessary. Species status of Yukon Q. bullatus and iG. -
Biological Control of Insect Pests in the Tropics - M
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. III - Biological Control of Insect Pests In The Tropics - M. V. Sampaio, V. H. P. Bueno, L. C. P. Silveira and A. M. Auad BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS IN THE TROPICS M. V. Sampaio Instituto de Ciências Agrária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil V. H. P. Bueno and L. C. P. Silveira Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil A. M. Auad Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil Keywords: Augmentative biological control, bacteria, classical biological control, conservation of natural enemies, fungi, insect, mite, natural enemy, nematode, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, virus. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Natural enemies of insects and mites 2.1. Entomophagous 2.1.1. Predators 2.1.2. Parasitoids 2.2. Entomopathogens 2.2.1. Fungi 2.2.2. Bacteria 2.2.3. Viruses 2.2.4. Nematodes 3. Categories of biological control 3.1. Natural Biological Control 3.2. Applied Biological Control 3.2.1. Classical Biological Control 3.2.2. Augmentative Biological Control 3.2.3. Conservation of Natural Enemies 4. Conclusions Glossary UNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Biological control is a pest control method with low environmental impact and small contamination risk for humans, domestic animals and the environment. Several success cases of biological control can be found in the tropics around the world. The classical biological control has been applied with greater emphasis in Australia and Latin America, with many success cases of exotic natural enemies’ introduction for the control of exotic pests. Augmentative biocontrol is used in extensive areas in Latin America, especially in the cultures of sugar cane, coffee, and soybeans. -
Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus Occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris Uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2008 Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) J. D. Carstens University of Nebraska-Lincoln Frederick P. Baxendale University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Tiffany Heng-Moss University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Robert J. Wright University of Nebraska, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Carstens, J. D.; Baxendale, Frederick P.; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; and Wright, Robert J., "Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)" (2008). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 157. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/157 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 81(4), 2008, pp. 328–338 Predation of the Chinch Bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae) by Geocoris uliginosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) J. D. CARSTENS,F.P.BAXENDALE,T.M.HENG-MOSS, AND R. J. WRIGHT Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583 ABSTRACT: Big-eyed bugs have been well documented as predators on a diverse group of arthropod prey in turfgrasses; however, little is known about the big-eyed bug species associated with buffalograss, or their feeding habits relative to the western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber. -
A B C D E F G
8/2011! A jee•AH•kor•is, Big-eyed Bugs Have Big Appetite for Pests Peter Asiimwe, Lydia Brown, Tim Vandervoet, Peter Ellsworth (University of Arizona) & Steven Naranjo (USDA-ARS, ALARC) Dykinga Geocoris punctipes Geocoris (Family: Geocoridae) are important predators feeding on whiteflies found throughout the United States in agricultural crops. USDA, Jack They are commonly known as “big-eyed bugs” due to the B C Eyespots on characteristic large, prominent, widely separated eyes on maturing the sides of their heads (A). They actively hunt their Geocoris egg victims, and their big eyes give them a wide field of vision and boost their ability to locate prey. Geocoris use a long Whitefly straw-like beak to stab and kill their prey before sucking up cadaver fed on & evacuated by the liquefied contents, leaving behind a hollow cadaver (B). Geocoris Geocoris deposit eggs singly and horizontally on leaf or Geocoris D E pallens adult stem surfaces. These hot-dog shaped eggs are distinguished on cotton from other insect eggs by the presence of two red eyespots flower False chinch near the tip (C). Predatory stages include five nymphal bug in instars and a winged adult. Nymphs look similar to adults sweepnet but are smaller and lack wings. False chinch bugs, a closely related insect with decidedly plant-feeding tendencies, can sometimes be confused with Geocoris (D). They are more slender than big-eyed bugs and have less pronounced eyes. F Geocoris In Arizona cotton, Geocoris feed on all stages of whitefly, th punctipes 5 instar adult Lygus nymphs, thrips, lepidopteran eggs and small larvae, Lygus and mites, as well as other beneficial species. -
Kaytora Long
Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 8, Issue 1 - September / October 2006 Evaluation of Various Mediums for Rearing Bigeyed Bugs Geocoris punctipes (Say) a Beneficial Predator for Controlling Insect Pest Populations Kaytora Long ABSTRACT The bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), is an important beneficial predator in many agricultural systems. It feeds on many stages of insect pests. Three types of mediums were evaluated on Geocoris punctipes to determine which medium will best promote ovipostion (egg laying) and the development of G. punctipes to nymphs and adults. The three mediums evaluated were cotton balls, cotton squares, and polyester/rayon gauze. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates per treatment (medium). The results indicate that cotton balls produced the highest number of eggs, nymphs, and adults. This can serve as a rearing material in which G. punctipes will successfully reproduce and develop; therefore, facilitating the rearing of G. punctipes under laboratory conditions. INTRODUCTION Bigeyed bugs, Geocoris spp., are commonly used for biological control of key agricultural pests in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs in the United States. There are several species of Geocoris; however, one of the most common species is G. punctipes (Say). Geocoris spp. feed on all life stages of whiteflies, mites, and aphids (Hagler 2006) and are used for their predatory status on eggs and small larvae of lepidopteran pests. Several studies indicate that G. punctipes are effective predators of insect pests in many agricultural systems (Dumas et al. 1962, McCutcheon & Durant 1999). Geocoris spp. can be produced in large quantities under laboratory conditions, yet information pertaining to their choice of reproductive mediums is unavailable. -
E0020 Common Beneficial Arthropods Found in Field Crops
Common Beneficial Arthropods Found in Field Crops There are hundreds of species of insects and spi- mon in fields that have not been sprayed for ders that attack arthropod pests found in cotton, pests. When scouting, be aware that assassin bugs corn, soybeans, and other field crops. This publi- can deliver a painful bite. cation presents a few common and representative examples. With few exceptions, these beneficial Description and Biology arthropods are native and common in the south- The most common species of assassin bugs ern United States. The cumulative value of insect found in row crops (e.g., Zelus species) are one- predators and parasitoids should not be underes- half to three-fourths of an inch long and have an timated, and this publication does not address elongate head that is often cocked slightly important diseases that also attack insect and upward. A long beak originates from the front of mite pests. Without biological control, many pest the head and curves under the body. Most range populations would routinely reach epidemic lev- in color from light brownish-green to dark els in field crops. Insecticide applications typical- brown. Periodically, the adult female lays cylin- ly reduce populations of beneficial insects, often drical brown eggs in clusters. Nymphs are wing- resulting in secondary pest outbreaks. For this less and smaller than adults but otherwise simi- reason, you should use insecticides only when lar in appearance. Assassin bugs can easily be pest populations cannot be controlled with natu- confused with damsel bugs, but damsel bugs are ral and biological control agents. -
Natural Enemies of Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Cotton: Density Regulation Or Casual Association?
Natural Enemies of Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Cotton: Density Regulation or Casual Association? L. T. WILSON,' P. J. TRICHILO,' AND D. GONZALEZ2 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Environ. Entomol. 20(3): 849-856 (1991) ABSTRACT This study addresses the potential impact of natural enemies on the abundance of spider mites, Tetranychus spy., on cotton in the San Joaquin Valley of California. These natural enemies are omnivorous predators, and include the big-eyed bug, Geocoris pallens StAl and G. punctipes (Say), the minute pirate bug, Orius trfsticolor (White),and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Simple linear regression suggested that omnivorous predators were potentially effective in delaying the buildup of spider mites, with the highest rz (0.65) recorded for adult F. occidentalis. Geocoris showed the potential to suppress the rate of spider mite population increase (rl = 0.73). All three tested predator species exhibited the capacity to suppress early season spider mite abundance, with the highest r2 (0.62) recorded for Ceocoris and Orius. Predators were also potentially able to suppress mid- to late-season spider mite populations. Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between mid- to late-season spider mite abundance and early season predators. Results from a second year were less conclusive, suggesting that the reduced range of spider mite abundance limited our ability to discern potentially significant interactions during that year. KEY WORDS Insecta, Cossypium, Tetranychus, predators SPIDERMITES, Tetranychus spp. can cause serious Several mechanisms have been suggested to ex- economic injury to cotton, Gossypium hirsutum plain the spider mite-insecticide phenomenon. -
A Faunistic Approach to Assess Potential Side-Effects of Genetically Modified Bt-Corn on Non-Target Arthropods Under Field Conditions
Biocontrol Science and Technology (March 2004), Vol. 14, No. 2, 129Á/170 A Faunistic Approach to Assess Potential Side-Effects of Genetically Modified Bt-Corn on Non-Target Arthropods Under Field Conditions 1 2 1 1 M. P. CANDOLFI ,K.BROWN, C. GRIMM , B. REBER AND H. SCHMIDLI1 1Syngenta Crop Protection AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; 2Ecotox Limited, Tavistock, Devon, UK (Received 31 October 2001; accepted 13 May 2003) A faunistic study investigating the potential side-effects of corn (Zea mays) genetically modified to express a truncated Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, on non-target arthropods was carried out under field conditions. The communities of non-target arthropods in the soil, on the leaves and flying in the crop area were monitored throughout the growing season. Water-treated, untransformed corn served as a control, and a spray application of a bacterial Bt insecticide (Delfin WG) and a synthetic insecticide (Karate Xpress) used to control the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) acted as positive reference treatments. Results were analyzed using a principal response curve. Significantly lower infestations by the lepidopteran target species O. nubilalis were observed in the Bt-corn plots compared to the control. No effects of Bt-corn on the communities of soil dwelling and non-target plant dwelling arthropods were observed. A trend towards a community effect on flying arthropods was observed with lower abundance of adult Lepidoptera, flies in the families Lonchopteridae, Mycetophilidae and Syrphidae, and the hymenopteran parasitoids Ceraphronidae. Effects were weak and restricted to two sampling dates corresponding to anthesis. -
Comparative Selectivity of Acetamiprid in the Management Of
Pest Management Science Pest Manag Sci 61:555–566 (2005 ) DOI: 10.1002/ps.1030 Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: comparative selectivity of acetamiprid in the management of Bemisia tabaci†‡ Steven E Naranjo∗ and David H Akey USDA-ARS, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA Abstract: The integrated control concept emphasizes the importance of both chemical and biological control for pest suppression in agricultural systems. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the selectivity of acetamiprid for the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton compared with a proven selective regime based on the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin. Acetamiprid was highly effective in controlling all stages of B tabaci compared with an untreated control, and generally produced lower pest densities than the IGR regime. Univariate analyses indicated that nine of 17 taxa of arthropod predators were significantly depressed with the use of acetamiprid compared with an untreated control, including common species such as Geocoris punctipes (Say), Orius tristicolor (White), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens sensu lato, Collops vittatus (Say), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-´ Meneville,´ and Drapetis nr divergens. Compared with results from independent, concurrent studies using mixtures of broad-spectrum insecticides at the same research site, acetamiprid depressed populations of fewer predator taxa; but, for eight predator taxa significantly affected by both regimes, the average population reduction was roughly equal. In contrast, only four taxa were significantly reduced in the IGR regime compared with the untreated control and three of these were omnivores that function primarily as plant pests. Principal response curves analyses (a time-dependent, multivariate ordination method) confirmed these patterns of population change for the entire predator community. -
Beneficial Insects Treasure Coast Chapter Rare Fruit Club
Beneficial Insects Treasure Coast Chapter Rare Fruit Club Bill Schall Palm Beach County Extension 531 N. Military Trail West Palm Beach, Fl 561.233.1725 U F ufufufuufufufufufufufu U fufufufufufuf F ufufufufufuf Photo: UF Schall ufufufuf A Little Review from Last Time Photo: UF Office of Sustainability Insects with Piercing/Sucking Mouthparts APHIDS TRUE BUGS THRIPS SCALES MEALYBUGS WHITEFLY Photos by Glenn, UF Insects with Chewing Mouthparts UF UF BEETLE LARVAE GRASSHOPPERS CATERPILLARS UF-Glenn UF-Glenn UF-Glenn BEETLES/WEEVILS http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/HS/HS17700.pdf Types of Beneficials Mites, Insects, Diseases & Nematodes – Predators – Parasitoids – Insect Diseases – Beneficial Nematodes – Developing refugia in your yard – Products that are softer on beneficials Some Key Points . Many beneficials already in environment . Some can be purchased . Beneficials work best when you do not have to control a huge pest population . Predators better than parasitoids in responding to large pest populations . Some beneficials “generalists,” by many very specific to pest – especially parasitoids Some Key Points . Probably best strategy for you is develop refugia & use products and techniques that are less damaging to beneficials . Lots & lots of activity occurring below noticeable levels . Do not want to confuse “good” with “bad” insects – especially when they show up to attack pests that are actually causing the plant decline Minute Pirate Bug (Orius) Photo: John Ruberson, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Georgia, ofUniversity Ruberson, John Photo: Orius feeding on insect egg Minute Pirate Bug (Orius) Photo: John Ruberson, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org . Good for small insects, especially thrips . Can be up purchased commercially . Sunflowers (even Mexican sunflower) provides refuge for non pest thrips & therefore Orius Sikora, Auburn Sikora, University, Bugwood.org University, Photo: Edward Edward Photo: Minute Pirate Bug (Orius) Life History: One generation takes 20 days to complete, multiple generations per year. -
Chemical Ecology of Pollination in Deceptive Ceropegia
Chemical Ecology of Pollination in Deceptive Ceropegia CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF POLLINATION IN DECEPTIVE CEROPEGIA DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. an der Bayreuther Graduiertenschule für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften (BayNAT) der Universität Bayreuth vorgelegt von Annemarie Heiduk Bayreuth, Januar 2017 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in der Zeit von Februar 2012 bis Dezember 2016 in Bayreuth am Lehrstuhl Pflanzensystematik unter der Betreuung von Herrn Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stefan Dötterl (Erst-Mentor) und Herrn PD Dr. Ulrich Meve (Zweit-Mentor) angefertigt. Gefördert wurde die Arbeit von Februar bis April 2012 durch den ‛Feuerwehrfond’ zur Doktorandenförderung der Universität Bayreuth, von Mai 2012 bis April 2015 durch ein Stipendium nach dem Bayerischen Eliteförderungsgesetzt (BayEFG), und von Mai bis Juli 2015 durch ein Stipendium des Bayerischen Programms zur Förderung der Chancengleichheit für Frauen in Forschung und Lehre. Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Bayreuther Graduiertenschule für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften (BayNAT) der Universität Bayreuth genehmigten Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.). Dissertation eingereicht am: 02.02.2017 Zulassung durch das Leitungsgremium: 10.02.2017 Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium: 31.05.2017 Amtierender Direktor: Prof. Dr. Stephan Kümmel Prüfungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Stefan Dötterl (Erstgutachter) Prof. Dr. Konrad Dettner (Zweitgutachter) Prof. Dr. Heike Feldhaar (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Bettina Engelbrecht Declaration of self-contribution This dissertation is submitted as a “Cumulative Thesis“ and contains a general synopsis (Part I) and three manuscripts (Part II) about the chemical ecology and pollination biology of Ceropegia . The major part of the research presented here was accomplished by myself under supervision of Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stefan Dötterl (Universities of Bayreuth and Salzburg) and PD Dr.