The Quality of the Pictures in This Thesis May Vary from Those in the Original File, Owing to the Reduction in File Size That Wa
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THE QUALITY OF THE PICTURES IN THIS THESIS MAY VARY FROM THOSE IN THE ORIGINAL FILE, OWING TO THE REDUCTION IN FILE SIZE THAT WAS NECESSARY FOR SUCCESSFUL LOADING TO THE REPOSITORY LEGAL KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY FOR LARGE SCALE EXPERT SYSTEMS VOLUME 1 by Pamela N.Gray, LL.B.(Melb.), BA.(Melb.), LL.M.(Syd.) Barrister and Solicitor (Vic, 1968, Aust., 1968, N.T., 1974) Solicitor (Eng., 1974) This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Western Sydney School of Law March 2007 Pamela N. Gray, 2007 Dedicated to my son, Xenogene Gray. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the invaluable suggestions and guidance given to me throughout my candidature by my supervisor, Dr. Scott Mann. He was chosen wisely as my principal supervisor by Professor Caroline Sappideen. His support and understanding of the work were consistent and excellent. I also thank Professor Yan Zhang for his support and willingness to help where he could, given the nature of the interdisciplinary study. I am particularly grateful for the recognition by Dr. Mann of the relevance to the thesis of the work of Abraham Fraunce (1588), and his support in obtaining a small grant from the Law School to fund the translation of the graphics in the book from Norman French. In this regard, I am also very grateful to Professor Sybil Jack for undertaking the translation during her retirement. It was most fortunate that I was able to find a translator of Norman-French in Sydney who also had expertise in the period of the book and the historical context of the book. So many threads of good fortune such as this have assisted the work throughout the candidature, that well and truly I am reminded of the reassurance that should give hope to all researchers in their opus magnum: Seek and you will find. Jesus, sermon on the mount concerning law (Bible, Matthew 7:7; see also Luke 11:9). In the second year of the candidature, my colleague, Philip Argy, Senior Partner in the law firm, Mallesons Stephen Jaques, and now President of the Australian Computer Society, asked me to design legal expert system software according to my previous work. This request was the impetus for my design of eGanges, a major turning point in the thesis. I also thank Philip for his strong support in trialling eGanges. Further, I acknowledge the practical support given to the work by my son, Xenogene Gray, who demonstrated the validity of the thesis by programming the eGanges software design, so that it was possible for me to provide applications of the shell. He filled in the link that is missing in the thesis. Throughout the period of my candidature, Xenogene was also a delightful home companion who balanced my daily striving with joy, family devotion, and loyalty – a true kindred spirit. I would also like to acknowledge the wonderful support and assistance of Law Librarian, David Sinfield, in the final literature search toward the end of 2006, shortly after his appointment to his position. He was significantly helpful with a mastery of the databases and international library loan facilities that are now available at the Whitlam Library of the University of Western Sydney. Professor Reg Matthews, in a timely manner, released me from my lectureship duties at Charles Sturt University so that I could take up my Australian Postgraduate Award to pursue the research full time at the University of Western Sydney Law School. To wind up the candidature, his successor, Associate Professor Ross Wilson, supported Charles Sturt University grants of Special Study Leave and a Banksia Award. I thank them again for their support. Pamela N. Gray Sydney, Australia March 2007 STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICATION This dissertation has been presented in the fulfilment of the requirements of a PhD in Law at the University of Western Sydney. I certify that this dissertation is original and the result of my own work; any assistance received in its preparation and all sources used have been acknowledged in the text. I also certify that the substance of this dissertation has not already been submitted for any degree and is not currently being submitted for any other degree. Signature.............................................. Date.................27.March.2007............ Table of Contents List of Figures.............................................................................................................iv Abstract.......................................................................................................................vi Chapter One: Meta-epistemology...............................................................................1 1.1 Meta-epistemological methodology.................................................................1 1.1.1 Scope.........................................................................................................1 1.1.2 Legal epistemology...................................................................................2 1.1.3 Ontology of legal possibilities..................................................................9 1.2 A SPECIFIC Meta-epistemological method...................................................32 1.2.1 Five procedural steps and five epistemological stages...........................32 1.2.2 Deep model of legal domain epistemology ............................................38 1.2.3 Epistemological standard in legal knowledge engineering.....................75 1.3 Demonstration Prototypes...............................................................................80 1.3.1 Five Prototypes.......................................................................................80 Stage 1 Prototype – Legal domain epistemology.........................................80 Stage 2 Prototype – Computational epistemology of 3d legal logic............84 Stage 3 Prototype – Shell epistemology of eGanges....................................92 Stage 4 Prototype – Programming epistemology of eGanges......................95 Stage 5 Prototype – Vienna Convention application epistemology and ontology .......................................................................................................97 1.3.2 Teleological epistemology.....................................................................100 1.3.3 Technological epistemology..................................................................105 Chapter Two: Artificial Legal Intelligence and Meta-epistemology......................107 2.1 Problem of artificial legal intelligence .........................................................107 2.2 Extensions of Master’s work........................................................................107 2.2.1 Legal intelligence and legal epistemology............................................107 2.2.2 Collective legal intelligence and individual legal expert epistemology108 2.2.3 Human intelligence and computational legal intelligence....................108 2.2.4 Deconstruction and reconstruction of legal intelligence.......................110 2.2.5 Reconstructed legal intelligence and intellectual artefacts...................112 2.2.6 Jurisprudential systems of legal choice and their transformation.........112 2.2.7 Jurisprudential systems science and specific meta-epistemological method.............................................................................................................114 2.2.8 Several and integrated knowledge engineering methodologies............115 2.2.9 Paradigms of legal intelligence and logic.............................................115 2.2.10 Rule-based legal intelligence and case epistemology........................118 2.2.11 Survival metasystem and survival abduction......................................118 2.2.12 Science of legal choice and epistemology of legal choice..................119 i 2.2.13 Small and large legal expert systems..................................................120 2.2.14 Justinian and technological codification.............................................122 2.2.15 Workstation and shell .........................................................................123 2.2.16 Aims and their realisation...................................................................124 Chapter Three: Computational legal epistemology.................................................125 3.1 Computational epistemology of 3d legal logic.............................................125 3.1.1 Monads..................................................................................................127 3.1.2 Rivers....................................................................................................132 3.1.3 Fans.......................................................................................................141 3.1.4 Strata.....................................................................................................147 3.1.5 Nested Logic ........................................................................................152 3.1.6 Triads ....................................................................................................156 3.1.7 Spectra...................................................................................................163 3.1.8 Double Negatives..................................................................................170 3.1.9 Star Poles ..............................................................................................171 3.1.10 Adversarial fishbone...........................................................................176