Estimation of Annual Soil Erosion Dynamics (2005
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Flooded Economy of Pakistan
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 4(13), pp. 331-338, November, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JDAE DOI: 10.5897/JDAE11.048 ISSN 2006- 9774 ©2012 Academic Journals Review Flooded economy of Pakistan Syed Shabib ul Hasan* and Syed Shahid Zaheer Zaidi Department of Public Administration, University of Karachi, Pakistan. Accepted 16 August, 2012 The ability to achieve sustainable recovery after a disastrous calamity remains an uphill task for an economy like Pakistan, owing to inefficiencies of the systems and the ineffectiveness of the policies in such economies. The floods in 2010 to 2011 have imposed a substantial adverse impact on the economy. As the effect on various macroeconomic parameters essentially depend on the policy that the government adopts, it would be difficult at this juncture to provide an absolute quantitative assessment of the impact of floods on the economy. However, the government is faced with a set of macroeconomic tradeoffs and has to choose an optimal policy that will mitigate the impact of floods in the shortest period of time, while keeping alive the long-run objectives of sustainable economic stability and growth. Nevertheless, progress in the recovery of the system is stained by prevailing security and economic conditions. While rising flood-related expenditures with continued power sector subsidies and security issues are one aspect of the problem, a narrow tax base and a declining tax to GDP ratio are bigger issues in magnifying the fiscal challenges. This research is an effort to understand and analyze the economic and political impacts of the disastrous floods in July 2010 to 2011. -
Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: a Review Muhammad Aslam
Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: A Review Muhammad Aslam To cite this version: Muhammad Aslam. Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: A Re- view. Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Mehran University of Engi- neering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 2018, 37 (2), pp.297 - 314. 10.22581/muet1982.1802.06. hal-01744925 HAL Id: hal-01744925 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01744925 Submitted on 27 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology Vol. 37, No. 2, 297-314, April 2018 p-ISSN: 0254-7821, e-ISSN: 2413-7219 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1802.06 Flood Management Current State, Challenges and Prospects in Pakistan: A Review MUHAMMAD ASLAM*† RECEIVED ON 19.12.2016 ACCEPTED ON 29.05.2017 ABSTRACT Flooding is globally a major natural hazard. Floods result in property and life loss and poor economic development. Though it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of floods, but their negative impacts could be minimized considerably through proper planning and effective preparation. -
The Sustainable Development of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Synergy Among Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability
sustainability Article The Sustainable Development of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Synergy among Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability Muhammad Awais 1 , Tanzila Samin 2 , Muhammad Awais Gulzar 3,* and Jinsoo Hwang 4,* 1 Department of Data Science & Engineering Management, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] 2 School of Business Management, NFC Institute of Engineering & Fertilizer Research, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; [email protected] 3 Waikato Management School, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand 4 Department of Food Service Management, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.A.G.); [email protected] (J.H.); Tel.: +8615558031661 (M.A.G.); +82-2-3408-4072 (J.H.) Received: 11 October 2019; Accepted: 3 December 2019; Published: 9 December 2019 Abstract: This case study focuses on how economic, social and environmental factors synergize for sustainable development, and relates to fundamental speculations, looking to unclutter a query-encompassing view of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This study is explanatory in nature, and identifies, recognizes, and discusses the social dispositions and fundamental sustainability dimensions related to sustainable development. Three fundamental sustainability dimensions—economic, social and environmental—are incorporated in connection with the CPEC to explore sustainable development. We submit an inclusive viewpoint of the CPEC, towards the -
PAKISTAN STUDIES Topical Solved Geography 2007 – 2019
0448/02 and 2059/02 | Geography Environment of Pakistan PAKISTAN STUDIES Topical Solved Geography 2007 – 2019 In this booklet, Questions in the Past Papers of whole June Series for IGCSE 0448/02 and O Level 2059/02 Environment of Pakistan (Geography) are same. Questions of November series are taken from O Level Past Papers, but they are also beneficial for IGCSE students for more practice and better preparation to enhance their grades in CAIEs exams. Solved By: SHAKIL ANWAR Beaconhouse School System, M.Sc. (Geography / University Distinction) Garden Town Campus, Lahore (History) Academia: Center of Excellence, M.A. P Block, Model Town Ext. Lahore M.A. (Political Science) Phone: 0332-4858610 M.A. (Teacher Education) Email: [email protected] Solved by: Shakil Anwar (03324858610) CONTENTS Unit: Introduction 0.1 About the Author 0.2 Table of Contents 0.3 The Land of Pakistan Unit 1: The Natural Topography, including drainage 1.1 Northern, North-Western and Western Mountains 1.2 The Desert Areas Unit 2: Climate 2.1 Climatic Elements (Temperature, Rainfall, Winds etc 2.2 Effects of Climate on Life of the People 2.3 Climatic Hazards (Floods, Storms, Soil Erosion, Draughts etc.) Unit 3: Natural Resources-an Issue of Sustainability of Water 3.1 Rivers and Dams of Pakistan 3.2 Irrigation System 3.3 Indus Water Treaty 3.4 Water-logging and Salinity 3.5 Water Deficiency/Water Pollution Unit 4: Forests 4.1 Types of Forests in Pakistan 4.2 Importance/Uses of Forests 4.3 Afforestation/Deforestation and Solutions Unit 5: Mineral Resources -
Topography of Pakistan”
whatsapp: +92 323 509 4443, email: [email protected] Chapter 1 “Topography of Pakistan” www.megalecture.com www.youtube.com/megalecture Page 1 of 26 whatsapp: +92 323 509 4443, email: [email protected] Definitions: Topography : it is the detailed study of the surface features of a region. ● Hills and Mountains: A Hill is generally considered to be an elevated piece of land less than 600 - 610 meters high, and a Mountain is an elevation of land that is more than 610m high. Some hills are called mountains while some mountains are referred to as hills. ● A Mountain Range is a succession of mountains which have the same direction, age and same causes of formation etc A snowfield is a huge permanent expanse of snow ● Relief/ topography: the condition of the land related to the rocks,ups and dowrs eroded and depositional features like valleys, rock type,passes etc ● Drainage :it is related to the eroded and depoditional! Features of the rivers like ox-low lake,meander,levees etc .all tyeps of river patterns including dendafric is part of drainage. ● Gorges :they are an irregular depression in a valley. ● Cirque : are regular depression made by the movment of glaciers. ● Valley: plain land between two mountains. ● Passes: a natural path which connects two areas in mountainous region. ● Snowfield : A plain field covered with snow usually above the snow line (4000m) ● Ravine :A deep narrow gorge with steep sides ● Gully : A revine formed by water activity ● Glaciers:Tongue shaped mass of ice moving slow down the valley ● Streams /Springs: -
Managing Floods in Pakistan: from Structural to Non- Structural Measures
Symposium on “Emerging Phenomenon of Untimely Rains / Floods – 2011 in Pakistan” MANAGING FLOODS IN PAKISTAN: FROM STRUCTURAL TO NON- STRUCTURAL MEASURES By Dr. Asad Sarwar Qureshi1 Abstract Pakistan has history of floods. However, recent floods of 2010 and 2011 were the most devastating in the recent history of this region. Many researchers link these floods to anticipated climate changes. It is now projected that glacier melt in the Himalayas will increase flooding and rock avalanches and affect water resources in the next two to three decades. It is expected that due to increased variability of monsoon and winter rains and the loss of natural reservoirs caused by glacier melting as a result of climate change, the inter-annual and intra-annual variability of river flows will increase which may cause serious floods in future as well. In order to avoid serious losses, Pakistan needs to work on both structural and non-structural measures for flood protection. Pakistan needs to raise its storage capacity by 22 bcm by 2025 to meet the projected requirements. As non-structural measures, we need to enhance our flood forecasting and flood warning capacity which is currently very weak. Restoration of existing wetlands, proper planning of urban development, improving preparedness and relief services and increasing coordination between different provincial and federal departments involved in water management and flood protection are few steps that can significantly improve our capacity to protect and manage floods in the country. Keywords: floods, Pakistan, structural measures, non-structural measures, climate change Introduction Irrigated agriculture in Pakistan is mainly confined to the Indus plains where it has been developed by harnessing principal water resources available to the country. -
Evaluation of Three-Hourly TMPA Rainfall Products Using Telemetric Rain Gauge Observations at Lai Nullah Basin in Islamabad, Pakistan
Article Evaluation of Three-Hourly TMPA Rainfall Products Using Telemetric Rain Gauge Observations at Lai Nullah Basin in Islamabad, Pakistan Asid Ur Rehman 1,2, Farrukh Chishtie 3,*, Waqas A. Qazi 1, Sajid Ghuffar 1, Imran Shahid 1 and Khunsa Fatima 4 1 Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology (IST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [email protected] (A.U.R.); [email protected] (W.A.Q.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (I.S.) 2 Hagler Bailly Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 3 SERVIR-Mekong, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), Bangkok 10400, Thailand 4 Institute of Geographical Information System (IGIS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-0909-29-1450 Received: date:14 October 2018; Accepted: 11 December 2018; Published: 14 December 2018 Abstract: Flash floods which occur due to heavy rainfall in hilly and semi-hilly areas may prove deleterious when they hit urban centers. The prediction of such localized and heterogeneous phenomena is a challenge due to a scarcity of in-situ rainfall. A possible solution is the utilization of satellite-based precipitation products. The current study evaluates the efficacy of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) three-hourly products, i.e., 3B42 near-real-time (3B42RT) and 3B42 research version (3B42V7) at a sub-daily time scale. Various categorical indices have been used to assess the capability of products in the detection of rain/no-rain. Hourly rain rates are assessed by employing the most commonly used statistical measures, such as correlation coefficients (CC), mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE). -
Pakistan: Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 26 May 2010
Pakistan: Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 26 May 2010 Updated information relating to persons targeted by the Taliban in Pakistan An Institute for War & Peace Reporting article comments on the use of the term “Taleban” in regard to militant groups in Pakistan as follows: “At the moment, various militant groups operate in FATA. The TTP are present there, but so are at least two other major Taleban groups under Mullah Nazir and Hafiz Gul Bahadur. The Taleban name is also applied to other groups. To the north, in the Swat valley of Pakistan's North West Frontier Province, NWFP, thousands of Pashtun militants under Maulana Fazlullah were attacked by the Pakistan army in the summer of 2009. To the south, in the Punjab, Sunni Muslim extremist – but non-Pashtun – groups like Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Sipah-e- Sahaba Pakistan, SSP, have been called the Punjabi Taleban. Their targets include the secular government and Shia Muslims throughout the country. Calling all these groups Taleban would imply some form of coordination between them. But Dr Maleeha Lodhi, Pakistan's former ambassador to Britain and the US, argues that it would be a mistake to group the different militant bands in Pakistan together. ‘If we conflate the threat, we overlook the fact that these groups - militant groups generally in Pakistan (not just the Pakistani Taleban) - are different in their origin, outlook, reach, capacity, ethnic identity, as well as their goals and motivations,’ she said.” (Institute for War & Peace Reporting (22 February 2010) Pakistani Taleban Bruised But Unbowed) A BBC News report states: “One year on from the launch of the massive army offensive against Taliban militants around Pakistan's Swat valley, peace still eludes local residents. -
DAWOOD PUBLIC SCHOOL the ENVIRONMENT of PAKISTAN SYLLABUS for the YEAR 2010-2011 CLASS: IX Paper 2 (2059/02)
1 DAWOOD PUBLIC SCHOOL THE ENVIRONMENT OF PAKISTAN SYLLABUS FOR THE YEAR 2010-2011 CLASS: IX Paper 2 (2059/02) SUMMARY OF SYLLABUS The ‘Aims and Objectives’ is to include interpretation, analysis and evaluation of resources. Whilst knowledge and understanding are important, the syllabus also aims to develop skills in using resources such as maps and graphs. It also aims to stimulate discussion on the issues and challenges raised. It also helps to develop resource skills and should encourage the students to express opinions and make evaluations. LIST OF CONTENT 1. THE LAND OF PAKISTAN • Latitudes and longitudes ( Introduction of Pakistan) • List of rivers and their location ( Topography) • Distribution of temperature and rainfall (Climate) 2. NATURAL RESOURCES • Water resources its shortages and pollution • Forests as a resource • Minerals resources. Limestone, Gypsum and Rock salt • Problems of development of mineral resources • Development of the fishing industry • Sustainability of these resources. 3. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT • Agriculture as a system • Crops • Livestock Farming • Fruits and Vegetables • The advantages and disadvantages of agricultural development • The issue of the sustainability of agricultural development AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The syllabus aims to give student a knowledge and understanding of the importance to the people and country of Pakistan of its physical characteristics, human and natural resources, economic development, population characteristics, and of their inter-relationships. The students will be assessed for their attainment in each of the objectives, in the following weighting Approx. Weighting • Ability to show knowledge and understanding of physical and human environments 55% • Ability to evaluate information by identifying advantages and disadvantages of developments 20% • Ability to interpret and analyze a variety of resources 25% SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT • The annual and mid-term examination consists of one written paper of 11/2 hours’ duration • Five questions will be set, each made up of a series of sub-parts. -
Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan Salma, S.1, S
Pakistan Journal of Meteorology Vol. 9, Issue 17: Jul 2012 Rainfall Trends in Different Climate Zones of Pakistan Salma, S.1, S. Rehman1, M. A. Shah2 Abstract In this paper, the study was conducted across the country to assess the rainfall trend in different climate zones of Pakistan over the past three decades. For this purpose dataset comprising 30 years for the period 1976 to 2005 were acquired from 30 meteorological observatories from different parts of the country. The whole data was analyzed through Analysis Of Variations (ANOVA) along Dunnett T3 test. The result has shown a decreasing trend (-1.18mm/decade) all over the country, which may be attributed to the presence of drought period during 1998- 2001. Stations located in different zones of the country mainly from North, North West, West and Coastal areas respectively show overall significant decreasing trend whereas plain areas and South West of the country have been observed with no significant trend. Adverse consequences of the rainfall have already been observed in Pakistan in the form of droughts and super floods which have badly affected human settlements, water management and agriculture sectors. Keywords: Rainfall trend, Climate zones, ANOVA test along Dunnett T3 test. Introduction The issue of climate change has emerged very strongly during the last two decades on global scale in view of its projected implications on the environment of vulnerable states. Steadily rising temperature and its impacts on the cryosphere and rainfall are evident in many regions around the world. There are indications that Pakistan has had its share of the large climatic variations that are known to have taken place in northwest India in the past. -
Flash Flood Risk Assessment I
Paper No. 707 FLASHFLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT IN PAKISTAN Husnain Ahmad, Javeed Iqbal Bokhari, Qazi Tallat Mahmood Siddiqui 696 Ahmad, Bokhari, Siddiqui Pakistan Engineering Congress, 71st Annual Session Proceedings 697 FLASHFLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT IN PAKISTAN Engr. Husnain Ahmad1, Javeed Iqbal Bokhari2 and Qazi Tallat Mahmood Siddiqui3 ABSTRACT Pakistan has vastly varied topography, with Northern alpines covered with glaciers and Southern Plains bordering the Arabian Sea. There are five big rivers flowing through the country from north to south namely the mighty Indus and its tributaries i.e. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. There is a well marked monsoon season from July to mid-September in which most of the country receives rainfall. Riverine flooding is common in the low lying areas along the rivers during monsoon season while flash flooding is also experienced in hilly and semi-hilly areas. Owing to climatic changes occurring across the globe, flash floods demonstrate ever increasing damage potential country wide. Traditionally, main focus has been on riverine flood management though construction of levees, bunds and spurs, to protect towns and precious lands along the main river courses. Pakistan has suffered from the worst flood of its history in monsoon season of 2010. As per DNA report of ADB / World Bank, the Floods affected an area of about 160,000 km2 (one fifth of the country), claiming about 1,985 lives, damaging around 1.5 million houses, wiping out cropped area of more than 17 million acres and population of about 20 million have been displaced. The major portion of life damage in 2010 floods is attributed to flash floods. -
O Level Pakistan Studies 2059/02 Paper 2 the Environment of Pakistan
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level *5936860792* PAKISTAN STUDIES 2059/02 Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan May/June 2018 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer any three questions. The Insert contains Figs. 1.2 and 1.3 for Question 1 and Figs. 3.1 and 3.2 for Question 3. The Insert is not required by the Examiner. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 23 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert. DC (RW/SG) 152770/8 © UCLES 2018 [Turn over 2 1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, a map of Pakistan. Key: international boundary province-level boundary JAMMU & disputed boundary KASHMIR disputed territory N 0 100 200 300 Arabian Sea km Fig. 1.1 (i) On Fig. 1.1, label the following: Afghanistan; India; Line of longitude 70°E You should write the name in the correct location on the map. [3] (ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw and label the Tropic of Cancer. [2] (iii) Describe Pakistan’s location in relation to other countries in South and Central Asia. ........................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................