DOCSLIB.ORG

Map 6 Asia Orientalis Compiled by M.U

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Map 6 Asia Orientalis Compiled by M.U Map 6 Asia Orientalis Compiled by M.U. Erdosy, 1997 Introduction Map 6 embraces four distinct regions: central Asia and the Indus valley, which had lengthy contacts with the Greeks and Romans; and Tibet and Chinese Turkestan, which had practically none. The first two entered Western consciousness through the eastward expansion of the Achaemenid empire, which brought them into the orbit of Greek geographical knowledge, and won them prominence as the theaters of Alexander the Great’s eastern campaigns. Although colonization in the wake of Macedonian conquests was short-lived, classical influence on the arts and crafts of the area, if not its religious and political institutions, remained prominent for centuries. Moreover, even though the Parthians and Sasanians effectively severed overland links between central Asia and the Mediterranean world, the Alexander legend helped preserve geographical information for posterity (albeit frequently in a distorted form), even if little in the way of fresh data was added until Late Roman times. By contrast, areas to the north and east of the Himalayas remained in effect terra incognita until the nineteenth century, when the heart of Asia first received serious exploration by westerners, mostly as a by-product of the “Great Game.” Despite the impressive lists of toponyms and ethnonyms found in Ptolemy’s Geography and Ammianus Marcellinus, few cities and tribes can be localized with any certitude, since ancient geographers not only lacked first-hand knowledge of the area, but were also hampered by a defective image of the world, which was sure to produce serious distortions in peripheral regions. As a result, the eastern half of Map 6 is largely devoid of identifiable sites (although it contributes extensively to the list of unlocated toponyms and ethnonyms), while the western half is densely populated. This is not to say that the historical topography of Pakistan and central Asia constitutes a closed chapter. Just how much is left to resolve can be appreciated by merely browsing through the literature generated by, say, Stein’s localization of the site of ῎Αορνος at Pir Sar (for a brief survey, Bosworth 1995, 178-80). The fact that many solutions were proposed by historians without first-hand field experience, or by archaeologists who ignored historical questions, has not helped; nor has the inaccessibility of some areas, and the chronic instability of others. These factors have prevented the verification of many recent hypotheses. Compilation of the Directory follows the principles set out in the introduction to Map 5, except that in citing Greek and Latin sources I have relied more heavily on modern treatments which either list textual references (note Renou 1925, 75-89; André 1986, 429-453), or mention them in the course of discussing the identification of certain toponyms or ethnonyms (note André 1980; Bosworth 1980; 1995; Casson 1989). This difference in approach is necessitated by the multitude of textual references, itself the product of the frequent recycling of information relating to Alexander’s exploits. I have, however, cited original sources directly if they are omitted from the lists just mentioned, or if the modern treatments either do not correctly identify a name, or take no account of the possibility that one name can cover a range of geographical features (Caucasus, for example). The most important physical changes since ancient times have been hydrological, and they are of a different order of magnitude from those experienced in either peninsular India or the Ganges valley. The two principal problems–debated for over a century–concern the movements of the R. Indus and its tributaries, and the location of the R. Oxus delta. I refrain from commenting extensively on the second problem, since both the Aral Sea and most of the Caspian Sea fall outside the scope of the Barrington Atlas. Suffice it to say that, even if the Oxus drained mostly into the Aral Sea in antiquity, the Uzboy channel connecting it to the Caspian could have carried some of its flow, and could have misled ancient authors into equating the channel with the principal branch. This may well explain why the Aral Sea remained unknown until Late Antiquity. Another explanation may be deduced from the shape and size of the Caspian Sea in Ptolemy’s system, which suggests that at least the eastern and southern shores of the Aral Sea were known, but were considered to belong to the Caspian. It should also be noted that several of the 78 MAP 6 ASIA ORIENTALIS left-bank tributaries of the Oxus no longer reach it now, but are lost in the sands of Bactria; their lower courses in antiquity can only be guessed at. The Indus and its tributaries are principal points of reference for all of Alexander’s historians, and their location in protohistoric times is vital to the map. Fortunately, with the advent of remote sensing techniques, and advances in archaeological surveying, the general outlines of the westward shift of the Indus system, and of the desiccation of the Ghaggar and Nara channels (representing the Vedic Sarasvatī), are clear. For this reason, I have adopted Wilhelmy’s scheme (1968; 1968a; 1969, summarized in Eggermont 1975; 1993) for both the palaeochannels of the Indus system and the ancient shoreline around the Indus delta. While the geographical outlines are clear and seldom contested, one historical issue does remain to be resolved, namely the channel of the Indus delta which Nearchos used as his outlet to the Arabian Sea. Here I cannot accept Eggermont’s preference for the eastern channel, in spite of his detailed arguments. Instead, I maintain that Nearchos must have used a branch of the western channel which emptied itself into the Gulf of Kutch at 68° longitude (just east of Pir Patho hill: see the map in Eggermont 1975, 31). Directory All place names are in India unless otherwise noted Abbreviations EIA A. Ghosh (ed.), An encyclopaedia of Indian archaeology. Volume 2: a gazetteer of explored and excavated sites in India, New Delhi, 1989 Avst. Avestan OPers. Old Persian Skt. Sanskrit Note: For commentary on Arrian references, see Bosworth 1980 (Books 1-3); 1995 (Books 4-5); and Hinüber 1985 (Book 8). For commentary on PME references, see Casson 1989. Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location References E5 Abali R people in hills of S Bihar Pliny, NH 6.67; McCrindle 1926, 139-40 C4 Abastanoi/ H/ IND / PAK Law 1943, 96-97; NPauly Sambastai H Skt.: Ambaṣṭha / Mekala § Megallae R Pliny, NH 6.73; Law 1943, 374 § Sabarcae H § Sabbas §Sabou §Subagrae L André 1986, 257 B4 Aberia R Indo-Greek province Ptol. 7.1.55; Law 1943, 79-81 above R. Indus delta PAK Skt.: Abhira-deśa A1 Abii HRL UZB Bosworth 1995, 13-15 C5 Abiria R hinterlands of Gujarat PME 41 coast Skt.: Abhirādeśa C3 Abisareis H Skt.: Abhisāra André 1980, 106; Bosworth 1995, 177-78 Acadira = Arigaion C3 Acutri? R people in Bajaur (cf. Pliny, NH 6.94 Arigaion) F5 Adamas? fl. R Subarnarekha (contra Ptol. 7.1.17, 41; Chandra 1977, 122 Vogel 1952a, 229) MAP 6 ASIA ORIENTALIS 79 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location References D4 Adisdara R Ramnagar? Ptol. 7.1.53; Law 1943, 34 Skt.: Adhicchatra C3 Adrestae HRL Skt.: Aratta Bosworth 1995, 328-29 § A(n)dri RL André 1986, 141, 257 C3 Agalasseis/ H/ DiodSic 17.96; André 1986, 141, 257, 383 Agensonae HR (n. 290); Eggermont 1993, 23-25, 33 § Gesonae L F5 Aganagara? R Agradvīpa Ptol. 7.2.14; Law 1976, 112 Agensonae = Agalasseis F5 Agoranis fl. H Garai BAN Arrian 8.4.4 C3 Ahin Posh R AFG Ball 1982.17 C5 Ajabpura REIA C3 Akesinos/ HRL Chenab, as well as Strabo 15.1.18, 27; Renou 1925, 87; Sandabal fl. combined streams of R. André 1980, 102; 1986, 429; NPauly §Cantaba R Indus tributaries IND / Akesines 2 PAK Vedic / Skt.: Asiknī Akota =Minnagara? C3 Akra CHR PAK Allchin et al. 1986, 184 A3 Alexandria AFG See Map 3 B3 Alexandria HR Begram (cf. Kapisa) AFG Tarn 1951, 460-42; Bosworth 1980, 369-70; Fraser 1996, 140-51 B3 Alexandria/ RL/ Kandahar AFG IsidChar 19; Ptol. 6.20.4; AmmMarc Alexandropolis/ 23.6.72; Tarn 1951, 470-71; Cufis R André 1980, 120; 1986, 388 (n. 310); NPauly Alexandreia 7 Alexandria = Arachosiorum Oppidum A3 Alexandria Ariorum/ AFG See Map 98 Artacavan/ Harey B1 Alexandria Eschate HR Khojend TAJ Curtius 7.6.13; Ptol. 6.17.6; § Cyreschata RL Bosworth 1995, 15-17, 19 B2 Alexandria Oxiana? AFG See Map 99 A2 Alexandria/ TKM See Map 98 Antiochia/ Merv B4 Alexandria/ HR/ Khandewari? PAK Eggermont 1975, 69-77; Rhambakia H André 1980, 127-28; § Alexandropolis L Fraser 1996, 164-67, 178 §Arbis R André 1986, 276, 408 (n. 479) Ptol. 6.21.5 Alexandropolis = Alexandria B5 Alexandrou Limen/ H/ PAK Eggermont 1975, 33-45, 132-37; Portus Macedonum R André 1980, 127 §Abies R §Barbara R Casson 1989, 188 § Barce R André 1986, 383, 432 § Biblon R Philostratus, Vita Apollonii 3.53 § Paricea L ItMiller 788; Eggermont 1993, 116 § Xylinepolis R B2 Aliabad AFG See Map 99 B2 Altin Dilyar tepe AFG See Map 98 F5 Amystis fl. H Ajaya Arrian 8.4.5; Law 1976, 203 Skt.: Ajamatī A3 Anauon AFG See Map 3 F5 Andomatis fl. H Damodar Arrian 8.4.4 Skt.: Dāmodara E4 Aninacha R Nimsur? Ptol. 7.1.53; EIA Nimsur; Schwartzberg 1992, 330, 358 G5 Antibolei fl. R Meghna channel in Ptol. 7.1.18; 7.2.2 Ganges delta BAN 80 MAP 6 ASIA ORIENTALIS Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location References Antiochia = Alexandria B2 Aornos AFG See Map 99 C3 Aornos HRL Pir Sar? PAK André 1986, 294, 431; § Aornis HL Bosworth 1995, 178-80; NPauly 2 B3 Aparytai C Afridi AFG / PAK Hdt.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kutch Basin Forms the North-Western Part of the Western Continental
    Basin Introduction :. Kutch basin forms the north-western part of the western continental margin of India and is situated at the southern edge of the Indus shelf at right angles to the southern Indus fossil rift (Zaigham and Mallick, 2000). It is bounded by the Nagar- Parkar fault in the North, Radhanpur-Barmer arch in the east and North Kathiawar fault towards the south. The basin extents between Latitude 22° 30' and 24° 30' N and Longitudes 68° and 72° E covering entire Kutch district and western part of Banaskantha (Santalpur Taluka) districts of Gujarat state. It is an east-west oriented pericratonic embayment opening and deepening towards the sea in the west towards the Arabian Sea. The total area of the basin is about 71,000 sq. km of which onland area is 43,000 sq.km and offshore area is 28,000 sq.km. upto 200 bathymetry. The basin is filled up with 1550 to 2500m of Mesozoic sediments and 550m of Tertiary sediments in onland region and upto 4500m of Tertiary sediments in offshore region (Well GKH-1). The sediment fill thickens from less than 500m in the north to over 4500m in the south and from 200m in the east to over 14,000m in the deep sea region towards western part of the basin indicating a palaeo-slope in the south-west. The western continental shelf of India, with average shelf break at about 200 m depth, is about 300 km wide off Mumbai coast and gradually narrows down to 160 km off Kutch in the north.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report Nature of Hazard: Floods Current Situation
    India SITUATION REPORT NATURE OF HAZARD: FLOODS In Maharashtra Bhandara and Gondia were badly affected but situation has improved there. Andhra Pradesh situation is getting better in Khamam, East and West Godavary districts. Road connectivity getting restored and Communication is improving. People from the camps have started returning back. Flood Situation is under control as the Rivers in Andhra Pradesh are flowing at Low Flood Levels. In Surat situation is getting much better as Tapi at Ukai dam is flowing with falling trend In Maharashtra River Godavari is flowing below the danger level. In Maharashtra Konkan and Vidharbha regions have received heavy rainfall. Rainfall in Koyna is recorded at 24.9mm and Mahableshwar 18mm in Santa Cruz in Mumbai it is 11mm. The areas which received heavy rainfall in last 24 hours in Gujarat are Bhiloda, Himatnagar and Vadali in Sabarkantha district, Vav and Kankrej in Banskantha district and Visnagar in Mehsana. IMD Forecast; Yesterday’s (Aug16) depression over Orissa moved northwestwards and lay centred at 0830 hours IST of today, the 17th August, 2006 near Lat. 22.00 N and Long. 83.50 E, about 100 kms east of Champa. The system is likely to move in a northwesterly direction and weaken gradually. Under its influence, widespread rainfall with heavy to very heavy falls at few places are likely over Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh during next 24 hours. Widespread rainfall with heavy to very heavy falls at one or two places are also likely over Orissa, Vidarbha and east Madhya Pradesh during the same period
    [Show full text]
  • Configurations of the Indic States System
    Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 34 Number 34 Spring 1996 Article 6 4-1-1996 Configurations of the Indic States System David Wilkinson University of California, Los Angeles Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Recommended Citation Wilkinson, David (1996) "Configurations of the Indic States System," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 34 : No. 34 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol34/iss34/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Wilkinson: Configurations of the Indic States System 63 CONFIGURATIONS OF THE INDIC STATES SYSTEM David Wilkinson In his essay "De systematibus civitatum," Martin Wight sought to clari- fy Pufendorfs concept of states-systems, and in doing so "to formulate some of the questions or propositions which a comparative study of states-systems would examine." (1977:22) "States system" is variously defined, with variation especially as to the degrees of common purpose, unity of action, and mutually recognized legitima- cy thought to be properly entailed by that concept. As cited by Wight (1977:21-23), Heeren's concept is federal, Pufendorfs confederal, Wight's own one rather of mutuality of recognized legitimate independence. Montague Bernard's minimal definition—"a group of states having relations more or less permanent with one another"—begs no questions, and is adopted in this article. Wight's essay poses a rich menu of questions for the comparative study of states systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Surveys in Lower Sindh: Preliminary Results of the 2009 Season
    Journal of Asian Civilizations -1- Archaeological Surveys in Lower Sindh: Preliminary Results of the 2009 Season Paolo Biagi ABSTRACT In January-February 2009 archaeological surveys were conducted in three different regions of Lower Sindh, from Ranikot, in the north, to the Makli Hills, in the south. They resulted in the discovery of many sites and flint spots within a territory the archaeology of which was previously poorly known. This paper is aimed at the description of these finds, their cultural attribution and, whenever possible, absolute chronology. Particular attention has been paid to the radiocarbon chronology of the sites located on the rocky outcrops that rise from the alluvial plain of the Indus delta, a few of which indicate that seafaring along the northern shores of the Arabian Sea was already active at least since the very beginning of the seventh millennium uncal BP. 1. PREFACE This paper is a preliminary report of the surveys carried out in January and February 2009 in Lower Sindh, between Ranikot, in the north, and the Makli Hills, in the south. The scope of the surveys, which were part of a joint venture by Ca’ Foscari University, Venice (I) and Sindh University, Jamshoro (PK), was to discover new archaeological sites in a territory insufficiently explored, and define their cultural attribution and absolute chronology by radiocarbon dating. Although some parts of the above region had already been surveyed by other authors (see, for instance, MAJUMDAR, 1934; COUSENS, 1998; FRANKE-VOGT, 1999; FLAM, 2006), our attention focused mainly on territories never accurately investigated before. The surveys were conducted by systematic walking in the three main, well- defined areas described in the following chapters (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Herein After Termed As Gulf) Occupying an Area of 7300 Km2 Is Biologically One of the Most Productive and Diversified Habitats Along the West Coast of India
    6. SUMMARY Gulf of Katchchh (herein after termed as Gulf) occupying an area of 7300 Km2 is biologically one of the most productive and diversified habitats along the west coast of India. The southern shore has numerous Islands and inlets which harbour vast areas of mangroves and coral reefs with living corals. The northern shore with numerous shoals and creeks also sustains large stretches of mangroves. A variety of marine wealth existing in the Gulf includes algae, mangroves, corals, sponges, molluscs, prawns, fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals. Industrial and other developments along the Gulf have accelerated in recent years and many industries make use of the Gulf either directly or indirectly. Hence, it is necessary that the existing and proposed developments are planned in an ecofriendly manner to maintain the high productivity and biodiversity of the Gulf region. In this context, Department of Ocean Development, Government of India is planning a strategy for management of the Gulf adopting the framework of Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM) which is the most appropriate way to achieve the balance between the environment and development. The work has been awarded to National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa. NIO engaged Vijayalakshmi R. Nair as a Consultant to compile and submit a report on the status of flora and fauna of the Gulf based on secondary data. The objective of this compilation is to (a) evolve baseline for marine flora and fauna of the Gulf based on secondary data (b) establish the prevailing biological characteristics for different segments of the Gulf at macrolevel and (c) assess the present biotic status of the Gulf.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Hari River Basin, with Re-Validation of P. Turcomana
    Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 9 (3): 01-05, 2015 ISSN: 1307-1130, E-ISSN: 2146-0108, www.nobel.gen.tr Taxonomic Status of the Genus Paraschistura (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in the Hari River Basin, with Re-validation of P. turcomana Hamed MOUSAVI SABET1* Saber VATANDOUST2 Arash JOULADEH ROUDBAR3 Soheil EAGDERI4 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran 2Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran 3Department Fisheries, Sari University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Mazandran, Iran 4Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran *Corresponding author: Received: July 12, 2015 Email: [email protected] Accepted: August 23, 2015 Abstract The genus Paraschistura in the Hari River basin is reviewed, and diagnoses are presented for all the three recognized species. Paraschistura cristata and P. turcmenica are considered valid; and P. turcomana is revalidated. Paraschistura turcomana is a poorly known species from the Kushk River in the Murghab drainage at the border of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, its validity has been questioned and a synonymy with P. turcmenica has been suggested. In this study, we compare P. turcmenica with the syntypes of P. turcomana. A comparison with the related taxa P. cristata and P. turcmenica reveals that P. turcomana can be separated from them by 7½ branched rays in dorsal fin, scaleless body, elongated and shallow body, shallow caudal peduncle, and colour pattern including obvious dark cross bars. The presence of two additional undescribed species is suggested from the basin. Keywords: Freshwater Fishes, Loach, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
    ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silk Road: a Very Short Introduction a Very Short Introduction 1St Edition Pdf
    FREE THE SILK ROAD: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION 1ST EDITION PDF James A Millward | 9780199782864 | | | | | Ramsay Wood - Wikipedia James A. His specialties include Qing empire; the silk road; Eurasian lutes and music in history; and historical and contemporary Xinjiang. He follows and comments on current issues regarding the Uyghurs and PRC ethnicity policy. Oxford University Press, Ma Rui, trans. Preface by Rong Xinjiang. Studies on Xinjiang Historical Sources in the 17thth Centuries. Hurst Co. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, Stanford University Press, Pengpai xinwen 23 February Chinese Characters. University of California Press, Here's how we can find it. Republished outside paywall on Chinafile. The Washington Post. The New York Times 4 May The New York Times 18 February A27, 29 September A14, 20 September Close Inactive Modal. Skip to main content. Georgetown University professors offer expertise in a variety of subjects related to coronavirus. Close Alert. Faculty Profile. Press Tab to Continue to Page Content. Skip to content. Profile Navigation. Profile James A Millward. Contact Email: millwarj georgetown. Phone: Bunn S. Intercultural Center Social Media Twitter link. Bio and Featured Works. Component James A. More recent scholarly articles and chapters "Lutes, pipaand ouds: the silk road spread of the stringed The Silk Road: A Very Short Introduction A Very Short Introduction 1st edition. Language s Chinese Speak Read Write. French Read. Japanese Speak Read. Russian Read. Spanish Read. Featured Works. Choose an image or drop one here. Optional Featured Work Title. Optional Featured Work Display Order. Cancel Save. Are you sure you'd like to delete your existing Featured Work? Cancel Delete.
    [Show full text]
  • Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Eklavya Model Residential Schools in India (As on 20.11.2020)
    List of Eklavya Model Residential Schools in India (as on 20.11.2020) Sl. Year of State District Block/ Taluka Village/ Habitation Name of the School Status No. sanction 1 Andhra Pradesh East Godavari Y. Ramavaram P. Yerragonda EMRS Y Ramavaram 1998-99 Functional 2 Andhra Pradesh SPS Nellore Kodavalur Kodavalur EMRS Kodavalur 2003-04 Functional 3 Andhra Pradesh Prakasam Dornala Dornala EMRS Dornala 2010-11 Functional 4 Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatanam Gudem Kotha Veedhi Gudem Kotha Veedhi EMRS GK Veedhi 2010-11 Functional 5 Andhra Pradesh Chittoor Buchinaidu Kandriga Kanamanambedu EMRS Kandriga 2014-15 Functional 6 Andhra Pradesh East Godavari Maredumilli Maredumilli EMRS Maredumilli 2014-15 Functional 7 Andhra Pradesh SPS Nellore Ozili Ojili EMRS Ozili 2014-15 Functional 8 Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam Meliaputti Meliaputti EMRS Meliaputti 2014-15 Functional 9 Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam Bhamini Bhamini EMRS Bhamini 2014-15 Functional 10 Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatanam Munchingi Puttu Munchingiputtu EMRS Munchigaput 2014-15 Functional 11 Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatanam Dumbriguda Dumbriguda EMRS Dumbriguda 2014-15 Functional 12 Andhra Pradesh Vizianagaram Makkuva Panasabhadra EMRS Anasabhadra 2014-15 Functional 13 Andhra Pradesh Vizianagaram Kurupam Kurupam EMRS Kurupam 2014-15 Functional 14 Andhra Pradesh Vizianagaram Pachipenta Guruvinaidupeta EMRS Kotikapenta 2014-15 Functional 15 Andhra Pradesh West Godavari Buttayagudem Buttayagudem EMRS Buttayagudem 2018-19 Functional 16 Andhra Pradesh East Godavari Chintur Kunduru EMRS Chintoor 2018-19 Functional
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander and the 'Defeat' of the Sogdianian Revolt
    Alexander the Great and the “Defeat” of the Sogdianian Revolt* Salvatore Vacante “A victory is twice itself when the achiever brings home full numbers” (W. Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act I, Scene I) (i) At the beginning of 329,1 the flight of the satrap Bessus towards the northeastern borders of the former Persian Empire gave Alexander the Great the timely opportunity for the invasion of Sogdiana.2 This ancient region was located between the Oxus (present Amu-Darya) and Iaxartes (Syr-Darya) Rivers, where we now find the modern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, bordering on the South with ancient Bactria (present Afghanistan). According to literary sources, the Macedonians rapidly occupied this large area with its “capital” Maracanda3 and also built, along the Iaxartes, the famous Alexandria Eschate, “the Farthermost.”4 However, during the same year, the Sogdianian nobles Spitamenes and Catanes5 were able to create a coalition of Sogdianians, Bactrians and Scythians, who created serious problems for Macedonian power in the region, forcing Alexander to return for the winter of 329/8 to the largest city of Bactria, Zariaspa-Bactra.6 The chiefs of the revolt were those who had *An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conflict Archaeology Postgraduate Conference organized by the Centre for Battlefield Archaeology of the University of Glasgow on October 7th – 9th 2011. 1 Except where differently indicated, all the dates are BCE. 2 Arr. 3.28.10-29.6. 3 Arr. 3.30.6; Curt. 7.6.10: modern Samarkand. According to Curtius, the city was surrounded by long walls (70 stades, i.e.
    [Show full text]