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Andropogon Gayanus Kunth: Bibliografia Analitica

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Andropogon Gayanus Kunth: Bibliografia Analitica Andropogon gayanus Kunth: Bibliografia analitica Mariano Mejia M. / / Esta publicaci6n es producida por el Ceiitro de Informaci6n sobre Pastos Tropicales del CIAT, bajo un proyecto especial financiado por el Centro Inter­ nacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo y el CIAT. El CIATes una instituci6n sin Animo de lucro, dedicada al dessrrolloagrfcola y econ6mico de las zonas tropicales bajas. Su sede principal se encuentra en Un terreno de 522 hectdreas, cercano a Cali, Colombia. Dicho terreno es propie­ dad del gobierno colombiano, el cual, en su calidad de anfitri6n, brinda apoyo a las actividades del CIAT. Este dispone, igualmente, de dos subestaciones propiedad de la Fundaci6n para la Educaci6n Superior (FES): Quilichao, con una extensi6n de 184 hectdreas, y .opaydn, con 73 hectdreas, y de una subestaci6n de 30 hectdreas-CIAT-Santa Rosa- ubicada en terrenos cedi­ dos por [a Federaci6n de Arroceros de Colombia (FEDEARROZ), cerca aVillavi­ cencio. Junto con el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), el CIATadminis­ tra el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Carimagua, de 22,000 hectdreas, en los Llanos Orientales y colabora con el mismo ICA en varias de sus otras estaciones experimentales en Colombia. El CIAT tambi6n Ileva a cabo investigaciones en varias sedes de instituciones agricolas nacio­ nales en otros parses de Am6rica Latina. Los programas del C!AT son financia­ dos por un grupo de dc nantes que en su mayorla perte-scen al Grupo Consul­ tivo para la Investigaci6n Agrfcola Internacional (CGIAR). Durante 1984 tales donantes son los gobiernos de Australia, B6lgica, Canad6, Espafla, Estados Unidos de Am6rica, Francia, Holanda, Italia, Jap6n, Noruega, el Reino Unido, la Repiblica Federal de Alemania, Suecia y Suiza; la Agencia Alemana de Coope­ raci6n T6cnica (GTZ); el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID); el Banco Mundial; el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (CIID); la Comunidad Econ6mica Europea (CEE); el Fondo Internacional para el Desarro- Ilo Agrfcola (IFAD); el Fondo de la OPEP para el Desarrollo Internacional; la Fundaci6n Ford; la Fundaci6n Rockefeller; la Fundaci6n W. K. Kellogg; la Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentaci6n (FAO), y el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNLJD). La informaci6n y las conclusiones contenidas en esta publicaci6n no ieflejan, necesariamente, 6: punto de vista de las entidades mencionadas anterior­ mente. Diciembre, 1984 Andropogon gayanus Kunth: Bibliografia analitica Mariano Mejia M. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Certro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical CIAT Apartado A~reo 6713 Cali, Colombia Diciembre, 1984 Tiraje: 1500 ejemplares Impreso en Colombia Cita bibliogr~fica: Mejia M., Mariano 1984. Andropogon gayanus Kunth: bibliografia analitica. Cali, Colombia, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. 19 6 p. 1. Andropoon gayanus. 2. Andropogon gay anus - Bibliografla. I: Ce-ntronternacional de Agricultura Tropical. If. Tit. CONTENIDO INTRODUCCION iii ORGANIZACION iv AGRADECIMIENTOS vi SINOPSIS DESCRIPTIVA SOBRE Andropogon gayanus vii BOTANICA, TAXONOMIA Y DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA 1 CARACTERISTICAS AGRONOMICAS 5 ENSAYOS DE ADAPTACION 18 ESTABLECIMIENTO, MANEJO Y PRODUCCION DE FORRAJE 37 ASOCIACION CON LEGUMINOSAS 75 ,dELOS Y FERTILIZACION 86 GERMOPLASMA Y FITOMEJORAMIENTO 107 FISIOLOGIA DE LA PLANTA 115 PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES 118 PRODUCCION DE SEMILLAS 126 NUTRICION ANIMAL, VALOR NUTRITIVO, CONSUMO Y COMPOSICION QUIMICA 138 PRODUCCION ANIMAL 159 ABREVIATURAS Y ACRONIMOS 171 INDICE DE AUTORES 172 INTRODUCCION Andropoongayanus Kunth var. bisquamulatus una gramlnea (Hochst.) Hack. es fo era erenne, deporte alto, que forma macollas, oriunda de Africa Occidental, donde se encuentra ampliamente distribulda en la mayorla de 1as sabanas tropicales y subtropica­ los, en Sroas con una prolongada estcaci6n seca. En 1973, el Dr. Bela Grof, investigador del Centro nal de Agricultura Internacio­ Tropical (CIAT):, introdujG en Colombia semilla de un ecotipo de esta gramlnea, denominado CIAT 621, procedente de la Estaci6n Experimental Shika, Nigeria. A partir de 1974 sc inici6 un proceso de evaluac16n ca sistemfti­ en ensayos de adaptacibn y producci6n en varios Colombia, especialmente lugares de los Llanos Orientales, en cooperac16n con el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA). Despufs de varios ahos de evaluaciones, no s6lo sino tambi6n on Colombia en otros palses latinoamericanos, se comprob6 a 'anus CIAT quo A. 621 es una graminea de excelente adaptaci6n y produc­ t~ ae para las extensas Sreas de Oxisoles y Ultisoles, rizados caracte­ por tener un pH bajo y alta saturac16n de aluminio. Hasta el momento, cft.co palses de Am6rica tropical do como cultivar han libera­ (o varieded comercial) la introducci6n CIAT de A. payanus: 621 Colombia (1979) cv. Carimagua-1; Brasil (1979) Planal tna-, enezuela cv. (19821 cv. Sabanero; PerG (1982) cv. San Martln, y PanamS (1983) cv. Veranero. A pesar de quo se han hecho varias investigaciones gaeanus on sobre A. Africa y en otras regiones del mundo, se desconocon gran parte de los resultados. Esta bibliografla fut, producida por el Centro de Informaci6n sobre Pastos Tropicales del CIAT, como interns una respuesta al gran que ha despertado A. a anus entre investigadores pastos y ganaderos de do Am6rlca tropical- y como un instrumento de consulta para el creciente nOmero de investigadores Internacional de la Red de Evaluaci6n de Pastos Tropicales (RIEPT). ESTEBAN A. IZARRO Coordin r' Red Inte nacional de Evaluacl6n de Pastos Tropicales iii ORGANIZACION general, bibliografla presenta, a manera de introduccin Esta principales de una revisibn de literatura sohre aspectos a en relacibn con bot~nica, caracteristicas Andropogon valor nutri­ agronmicas, da aci6n, asociacibn con leguminosas, tivo, produccibn animal y otros. recopi­ 393 referencias relacionadas con A. pn Contiene inorrmes de revistas, memorias de reuniones, lTbro, ladas de procedentes de instituciones, tesis y otras fuentes de informaci6n Africa, Asia, Australia y Am6rica Latina. datEns bibliogr~fi­ Se consultaron tambi6n importantes bases de cos, tales crmo: la Ciencia y o Sistema Internacional de Informacibn para la Tecnologla Agricola (AGRIS) o Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux (CAB) o Royal Tropical Institute (RTI) o BioScience Information Service o Bibliografla Agricola Brasileira o Indice Agricola de Am~rica Latina y el Caribe su consulta, las raferencias se agruparon en 12 Para facilitar Distri­ o areas de investigacin: Bot~nica, Taxonomia y categorias Ensayos de Adapta­ bucibn Geogr~fica; Caracteristicas Agron6micas; Forraje; Asociacibn ci6n; Establecimiento, Manejo y Produccibn de Suelos y Fertilizaci~n; Germoplasma y Fitomejora­ con Leguminosas; Produccion Fisiologia de la Planta; Plagas y Enfermedades; miento; Consumo y Composi­ de Semillas; Nutrici6n Animal. Valor Nutritivo, ci6n Quimica, y Producci6n Animal. por apellido de Cada categoria estA organivada alfab6ticamente una serie de nOmeros autor y al final de cada una se encuentra relacionadas de otras "V6ase adem~s", que remiten a referencias categorias. al espahol Todas las referencias tienen el titulo traducido la mayorla incluye un (cuando originalmente esta en otro idioma) y resumen en espafiol. tomados de la base de datos del Centro de Los resOmenes al final sobre Pastas Tropicales se han identificado Informaci~n autores, que fueron con la sigla ClAT, y los resOmenes de los RA. editados o traducidos al espalol, con la sigla iv Las referencias precedidas por un asterisco (*) indican documento que el completo se encuentra disponible en el Centro de Infor­ maci6n sobre Pastos Tropicales del CIAT, y del cual se puede solicitar fotocopia citando como fuente esta bibliografla. Favor dirigir sus pedidos a: Centro de Informaci6n sobre Pastos Tropicales Unidad de Comunicaciones e Informaci6n CIAT Apartado Areo 6713 Cali, Colombia AGRADECIMIENTOS El autor agradece a los sigulentes investigadores del CIAT por sus acertadas y oportunas sugerencias para la realizaci6n de este trabajo: Alberto Ram~rez, I.A., MS, Asociado de In!estigac16n del Programa de Capacitaci6n Cientiflca; Esteban A. Pizarro, Agr6nomo, PhD; Bela Grof, Agrost6loo, PhD, y Silvio Guzmbn, MVZ, MS, del Programa de Pastos Tropicales. vi SINOPSIS DESCRIPTIVA SOBRE ANDROPOGON GAYANUS ASPECTOS TAXONOMICOS Andropogon a anus Kunth es una especie forrajera perenne, orglnaria de Arca tropical, perteneciente a la familia Gramineae, subfamilia Panicoideae y tribu Andropogoneae. En esta especie se reconocen tres varledades segOn Bowden (1964): 1) var. gayanus (var. genuinus Hack), con nudos y pedice­ los ciliados a lo argo de un margen, esplculas glabras pedicela­ das, y arista dura corta de 1-2 cm de longitud; 2) var. squamulatus (Hochst.) Stapf., con nudos y pedicelos ciliados a los lados de ambos m~rgenes, espiculas pediceladas Asperas y pubescen­ tes, y arista dura espesa de 2-3 cm de longitud y 3) var. bisquamulatus (Hochst.) Hack., con nudos y pedicelos ciliados sobre ambos m~rgenes, espiculas pediceladas vellosas a pubescen­ tes, y arista dura densa, frontal y lateral de 2-3 cm de longitud (Bowden, 1964). La var. bisquamulatus, quizhs la m~s estudiada, fue subdividi­ da por Bor (citado en Bowden, 1964), qulen reconoce la var. angyrophoeus como una forma mAs velluda, con espiculas pediceladas plumosas pubescentes y hojas basales pubescentes. Foster (1962) reconoce la var. tridentatus como una forma diploide con nudos y pedicelos ciliados sobre un lado y esplculas
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