Revisão De Andropogon L. (Poaceae

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Revisão De Andropogon L. (Poaceae ANA ZANIN Revisão deAndropogon L. (Poaceae - Panicoideae - Andropogoneae) no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências, Área Botânica Orientação: Profa. Dra. Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner São Paulo 2001 “Çrasses: Ußiquitons, Useful, Çíorious!” Mary E. Barkworth “Nem tudo o que pode ser contado conta, e nem tudo que realmente conta pode ser contado” Albert Einstein Ao meu primeiro mestre, meu pai (in memoriam), que me ensinou a ler e escrever, e a todos os mestres que se segui­ ram, reconhecendo que um pedacinho de cada um se encontra neste trabalho. Se há alguma vitória, a todos eu dedico. AGRADECIMENTOS Expresso, inicialmente, minha gratidão a todas as pessoas e Instituições que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para a elaboração deste trabalho e, especialmente: A professora Dra. Hilda Maria Longhi-Wagner, por todos os ensinamentos recebi­ dos, por sua presença sempre constante, exemplo profissional, estímulo, entusiasmo e amiza­ de nestes quase dez anos de convivência do período de mestrado e doutorado. Foram muitas as lições, profissionais e pessoais, não encontro outra palavra senão obrigada! Ao Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, pela libe­ ração de minhas atividades durante o período de 1996 a 2000. Especialmente à Leonor, ao Ademir e Daniel, pelo arranjo e cobertura de minha carga didática. Jamais esquecerei e estou pronta para retribuir. Ao Departamento de Botânica da USP, especialmente à Dra. Nanuza Luiza de Menezes, ao Dr. José Rubens Pirani, aos Professores Renato Mello Silva e Paulo Sano pela acolhida e todo o apoio recebido. Também ao Alberto (in memoriam), Abel, Norberto e à Elisa. Ao Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, pela acolhida carinhosa e infra-estrutura oferecida durante o primeiro ano do curso do doutorado. Ao Programa CAPES-PICDT, pela bolsa concedida. A “Fundação Boticário de Proteção à Natureza”, pelo auxílio financeiro concedido para a realização de algumas coletas nas Regiões Sul e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. A Fundação Botânica “Margaret Mee”, pelo auxílio concedido para a realização da viagem de visitas aos herbários europeus. Em especial, à Eric Font, responsável pelo progra­ ma de Bolsas e a Michael Daly pelo apoio logístico, acompanhamento e atenção que tanto contribuíram para tomar esta viagem produtiva e agradável. A todos os curadores e colaboradores dos herbários nacionais e internacionais visi­ tados, pela presteza, empenho, interesse e disposição em atender aos anseios e espectativas ligados a cada Instituição. Todos foram importantes na montagem deste quebra-cabeça. Po­ rém não posso deixar de manifestar meu agradecimento especial ao Dr. Manfred Bãssler do herbário do Museu Botânico de Berlim, ao Dr. Bruno Wallnõefer do herbário do Museu de História Natural de Viena e a Lorenzo Ramella e Alain Chautems do Jardin Botânico de Genebra, pelo apoio recebido antes, durante e após a visita às suas Instituições de trabalho. Ao Dr. José Francisco Montenegro Valls, do Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéti­ cos e Biotecnologia de Brasília, por me receber como se fosse ainda sua colega de trabalho, VII quando da minha visita ao CENARGEN, e por colocar à disposição toda a sua bibliografia. A você, Valls, o meu carinho, sempre aprendi muito com você! Ao Dr. Tarciso Filgueiras, por estar sempre pronto a me socorrer em dúvidas com latim e em todos os meus pedidos de auxílio. Também por disponibilizar toda a sua bibliogra­ fia durante a minha visita ao herbário IBGE de Brasília. Ter você entre os estudiosos de gramíneas me faz gostar ainda mais de estudar esta linda família. Ao Dr. Gerrit Davidse, do Missouri Botanical Garden pelas respostas sempre rápi­ das e esclarecedoras dos meus tantos e-mails. A Steve Renvoize, pelo acompanhamento e atenção durante o meu período de visita ao herbário do Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, e por todos os esclarecimentos recebidos ao longo deste trabalho. Também à Lulu e ao Simon pela ajuda e atenção dispensadas, no período em Kew, e pelo envio posterior de bibliografia. A Dra. Ana Maria Giulietti e ao Ray Harley, por me receberem em Rio de Contas e participarem da aventura de procurar algumas espécies na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, e por todo o estímulo e apoio sempre recebidos da Ana. Ao Paulo Sano, pelas fotografias tão importantes do material de Trinuis do herbário LE, e por todos os esclarecimentos sempre que solicitados. Também por tornar o ambiente do “prédio sobre as ondas” mais caloroso, com seu toque de arte, um canto inesperado, sua presença mais próxima, abrindo as janelas do nosso oratório do labor (laboratório) para hori­ zontes mais amplos. As técnicas Elcy Baptistella e Darlene Holerbach do Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, pelo auxílio na confecção das lâminas de anatomia. A Professora Mercy Yanete Lopez Merúvia, da Universidade Autônoma de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolívia, e ao Dr. Paulo Oliveira do Departamento de Ecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, pelo auxílio na interpretação das lâminas de anatomia foliar. À Professora e colega Marisa Santos, do Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal do De­ partamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, por estar sempre pronta a tirar minhas dúvidas de anatomia, especialmente nos momentos finais. A Cintia Kameyama, pelo auxílio em algumas questões nomenclaturais. Ao técnico Irvandro, do Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, do Instituto de Biociências da USP, pelo auxílio na obtenção das fotomicrografias. À minha família, pela compreensão amorosa em tão longas ausências e apoio certo em todas as horas. À Aline, minha sobrinha, pela sua disponibilidade e alegria. Valeu, vá você em frente agora. A todos os meus amigos da Summit que me acolheram e tomaram minha estada em São Paulo tão rica e agradável, a tudo o que me ensinaram e a todas as oportunidades de crescimento que me deram. Você, Yola, foi um anjo, o primeiro que encontrei. Depois vieram Odila, Pedro, Lourdes, Cristina, Iara, Cláudia, Marina, Maria, Margarida, Roberto, Lia, Yasmin, Ana Maria, Cidinha. As amigas Alba e Mara, pelo cantinho aconchegante sempre que vou a Porto Alegre. Ao Rogério, pelas ilustrações, bate-papos e longas horas de trabalho agradáveis de manhãs de sábados e domingos. Saudades! A Ana Cláudia, pelas experiências de três anos de convivência, por sua coragem e alegria tão importantes em nossa chegada. A Thaís, difícil agradecer, minha irmã, minha amiga, a minha vida não seria a mes­ ma sem você. Ao Vigor, também difícil, sem você São Paulo não teria sido o mesmo e muitos momentos difíceis não teriam se tomado serenos. Aos colegas de laboratório da USP, pelo convívio diário, amizade, troca de experiên­ cias e apoio. A todos vocês o meu carinho e gratidão pelos tons e cores tão particulares impres­ sos no todo harmônico e agradável deste período que já deixa saudades: Maria Ana, Lara, Rafa, Amauri, Marta, Carlos, Rita, Ana Cláudia, Fabiane, Letícia, Pedro, Ramiro e Rapozão. IX RESUMO Este trabalho constitui-se em uma revisão taxonômica das espécies deAndropogon L. que ocorrem no Brasil. Com base em coletas, observação de populações no campo e aná­ lise das coleções de 73 herbários nacionais e internacionais, foi confirmada a ocorrência de 28 espécies, incluindo Agayanus, introduzida da África para cultivo, além de duas subespécies e duas variedades. A. bogotensis (Hack.) A. Zanin e A. crucianus Renvoize são citações novas para o Brasil. Estão sendo propostas duas espécies e uma variedade novas, duas novas combinações e três sinônimos novos. São fornecidos dados de morfologia externa, anatomia foliar, superfície de fruto em microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de distribuição geográfi­ ca. O trabalho inclui ainda chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários ge­ rais, análise dos padrões de distribuição, além de informações sobre o hábitat e período de floração, para todos os táxons estudados. ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision of the genusAndropogon L. in Brazil is presented. Based on field collections, observation of the populations and revision of 73 national and international herbaria, 28 species, including A gayanus introduced form África, were confirmed for Brazil, besides two subspecies and two varieties. A. bogotensis (Hack.) A. Zanin and A. crucianus Renvoize are new records for Brazil. Two new species, a new variety, three new combinations and three new synonyms are being proposed. Data on external morphology, leaf anatomy, fruit surface analysed in SEM and geographic distribution are provided. The work also includes a key for the identification of the confirmed taxa, descriptions, illustrations, general comments, analysis of patterns of geographic distribution, as well as data on habitat and flowering periods. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS E TABELAS Figura 1. Aspectos da inflorescência emAndropogon .........................................................25 Figura 2. Morfologia da pálea de espécies deAndropogon ocorrentes no Brasil............. 37 Figura 3. Morfologia da pálea de espécies deAndropogon ocorrentes no Brasil............. 39 Figura 4. Expressão sexual do par de espiguetas nas espéciesAndropogon de estudadas........ 47 Figura 5. Fotomicrografias de cariopses em MEV.............................................................. 57 Figura 6. Fotomicrografias de cariopses em MEV.............................................................. 59 Figura 7. Fotomicrografias de cariopses
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