DOCSLIB.ORG

(Bivalvia)With

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Bivalvia)With The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan Res VENUS (jap. jour. Malac.) Vn]. 45, Ne,4 (1987):231 -244 pat13}e}kteigeeAIfRo?iifN= tz p ci . yopeF5 rv. -( -[) =?- s Jif ( F}, gt ze -e:- a) ew re vc L li ilZ5 lfN'{ wr if Cpalii･:7･Wvaew) Studies on the Kawamura Colleetion (Mollusea) Stored in the National Seience Museum, Tokyo IV. The Family Plaeunidae (Bivalvia) with SpecialReference to theirLigament" Akihiko MATsuKuMA (National Science Museum, 3-23-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160> A comprehensive survey of the Anomiacea based on the anatomy and shell morphology, including the ligament, has been made by Yonge (1977). He eon- eluded that the superfamily Anomiacea of the Pteriomorphia consists of two different lines of deseent from primitive anomiacean stock: the Placunanomia- Plaeuna (Placunidae) and Poclodesmus-Anomia-Enigmonia (Anomiidae) lines. The right valve of juvenile Placuna has a very small, degenerated byssal foramen, However, Placuna species spend unattaehed free-living life, beeause the byssal gland is barely functional during the pQstlarval stage (Yonge, 1977). They live on the surface of mud flat lying on their right valve. They are eharacterized in having very thin, strengly compressed, suborbicular, translucent shell with a minute, closed, byssal noteh, diverging hinge-ridges and only one small, orbicular, post･erior adduetor sear at the center of sheli (Kuroda, 1932). Hinge-teeth, an- terior adductor, hypobranchial gland, byssal apparatms and crural stalk have disappeared. The shell of Placunidae is composed of foliated ea]eite and lacks a complex crossed lamellar, aragonitic, inner layer which commonly occurs in speeies of Anomiidae, e.g. Anomia･ ephippium Linnaeus, 1758 (Taylor et al., 1969). The rather weak ligament ef Placuna consists of an amphidetic dorsal ligament and a semieylindrieal internal ligament. They semicylindrical ligament of the Placunidae is unique in the Pteriomorphia and is apparently similar to the transverse ligament of the Mytilidae and Pinnidae among the Pteriomorphia and the parivineular ligament of the Heterodonta. The morphology and function of " Accepted: August 28, 1986 NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan 232 VENUS: VoL 45, No.4(1987) the Placuna ligament are diseussed in the following section. Although fossil Placuua are known frem the Eocene to Oligocene of Europe (Janssen, 1979) and nerthern Africa, living speeies are restricted to the tro- pieal Indo-West Paeific. Another genus of the Placunidae, i.e. Placzananomia. Broderip, 1832, is confined to the tropical east Pacifie (Olsson, 196I; Bernard, 1983). Linnaeus (1758) described Ano7nia plaeenta [=PIacuna placenta] from an "Pelago" uneertain loeality and then about ten species names have been pro- posed by Philipsson (1788), Gmelin (1791), R6ding (1798), Lamarck (1819), Blainville (1826), Gray (1849> and Sowerby (1871). They included many synonyms and non-plaeunid species. For example, Lamarek (1819) enumera+ed the following four speeies: Plac･Mna sella (Gmelin, 1791) [=:P. ephippium Phil- ipsson, 1788], P. papyracea Lamarck, 1819 [=P. ephippiorm], P. placenta (Iin- naeus, 1758), and P, peetinoides Lamarek, 1819. Lamarck (1819) cited figures of Bruguiere et al. (1792, pl. 175, figs. 1-4) as references to P. pectinoides. The figures illustrate thick, solid shells with the isedont-type hinge structure and the posterior adductor scar placed near the postero-dorsal margin. These fea- tures elearly prove that it should be placed in the genus Pl･icatuta Lamarck, 1801 of the Plicatulidae Watson, 1930, Gray (1849) deseribed a new species of Placenta Philipsson, 1788 f'=Placuna Lightfoot, 1786] and divided the genus Placenta into two greups, namely Placenta eph-ippium-group and P. placenta-group. Accerding te Gray (1849) P, ephippt'um- group contains P. ephippium, P. papyracea･ and P. Iincolnii Gray, 1849, and they have hinge-ridges of nearly equal length rapidly diverging from one another, The Placenta plaeenta-group ineludes only one species. In the shell ef P. placenta the nymphs in the right valve gradually diverging from each other and the posterier Iimb of nymphs is longer than the anterior, Plaeenta placenta-group and P, ephippiu･m-group eorrespond with subgenera Plac2tna (s.s.) rLightfoot, 1786] and PIacuna (Ephippium) [R6ding, 17981 of medern authors, respectively. Two Placuna species, namely Placuna･ (Placuna) placenta, (Linnaeus, 1758), and P. (Ephippium) ephippium (Philipsson, 1788) are found in the Kawamura Collection, and an observation of Placuna ligament is inspired by t.he eNcellent specimens in the collection. Another two species, viz. Placzana (Ephippium) lineotnii (Gray, 1849) and Placitna (E.) lobata Sowerby, 1871 are stored in the ordinary mollusk eollection of the Nationa! Science Museum, Tokyo and in Dr. Horikoshi's private colleetion, Other species, e,g. Ptacuna pa･pyracea Lamarck, 1819, P. sella (Gmelin, 1791), P. poloniczam (R6ding, 1798) and P, quadrang2da (Philipsson, 1788), were considered te be synonyms of P. ephippium. Acknowledgements:-This paper is dedieated to Dr. Tokubei Kuroda, an Honorary President of the Malaeologieal Society of Japan, in commemoration of his 100th anni- versary of his birth. I am grateful to Professor Tadashige Habe of Tokai University, NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan Matsukttma: Family Placunidae (Bivalvia) 233 Professor Takashi Okutani of Tokyo University of Fisheries, Dr. Frank R. Bernard the ?acific Biologieal Station, Canada, and Dr. Katura Oyama, Toba Aquarium, foi their fruitful diseussions and eomments on the subjeet for improving the manuseript. Dr. Masuoki Horikoshi in Tokyo kindly allowed me to study his Ptacttna speeimens. Ligarnent of the Placunidae Shells of Placuna species are very thin and brittle. Their ventral margins usually open narrowly and their ligament is small. The ligament of the Plaeuni- dae is situated between the valves dersally and extends inwards on the reversed V-shaped ridges Cnymphs) of the right valve. It consists of two main regions, viz. the internal and marginal ligaments (Fig. 1), They are Yonge's (1977) primary and secondary (periostracal) ligaments, respectively. The glossy dark brown, amphidetic, marginal ligament unites the dorsal mar- gins of the valves. The supposed position of the pivotal axis may extend along this marginal ligament. The location, appearance and funetion of the marginal ligament of Plaeorna ephipptzem, P, lincolnii, and P. Iobata are very similar to the outer layer of Pecten ma-xi･mzas (Linnaeus, 1758) illustrated by Trueman (1953). Both anterior and posterior parts of the marginal ligament of Placuna. A mt me .pll ,'･,･/'･i,-･,..,'･,･-- Fig. 1. Hinge region of the left valve of Placuna (Placuna) placenta (A) and Placuna (EphiPPium) ePhiPPium -e '.i '? (B). ti h'((A), a li.T (B)Oewas. ail: anterior inner ligarnent IUsuSagurT}t/rJwr, ml: mar- ginal Iigamznt wa enSew･'nt", pil :posterior inner ligament fisusewewenwt NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society ofJapanof Japan 234 VENUS: Vol. 45, No.4(1987) ``teeth" plaeenta has small, periostraeal of Hornell (1909), which are distantly spaeed and fall beakwards (Fig. IA). 'the The relatively large and thick, internal ligament is attached to valves in Iigamental pits of the left valve and tooth-like ridges (nymphs) of the right valve. Both anterior and posterior extremities of the ligament are long and 'two narrow and semicylindrieal. The internal ligament may be divided inte parts, outer and inner layers (Fig. 2C). [Vhe thin, glossy dark brown to yel- lowish brown outer layer is apparently homogeneous, laeks any struetural pattern, and is curved outwards covering the thicker inner layer. The outer layer is possibly referable to the lamellar layer of Newell (1938), The lamellar layer is eomposed of protein hardened by aromatic tanning, giving molecular eross linkage of adjacent polypeptid chains (Andersen, 1967), and is elastic under both ten- sienal and eompressional stresses. The thiek, lustrous, yellowish brown, inner layer shows fine growth lines and a fibrous texture. This is the fibrous layer of Newell (1938). The inner fibrous layer is elastie under compressional stress A c alp LV plp -t /i" .; pftttpll alltttafl acr taRV pcr la--e...-J'''..'''1'y.l --. acr RV ',r Fig. 2. Ligumenta･1 area of Ptacuna (EPhiPPiun-t) ephiPpium, P i F' i)' d O ew reo A, B :,location of cross section maveirin' (C) P)fiZW, C:cross sectl,on of ligarnental area ua"rtimaMgi im, D : lateral view of anterior crur21 ridge en 4']treMMU wh, acr : anterier crural ridge fu/u"va ee, afl : fibreus layer of anterior inner ligament ptilM;ew･"ff'fifJwr a) wakE ejdimpvasul all: lamellar layer of anterier inner ligament FtlsuStwurF/trMONt)( apfiiMS, alp:anterior ligamental pit eU/'IEmaxx, 1: inner ligarnent [N'MSmpW, la: location of ligamental attachment mpmeN'tsMS, LV:left valve Eif, pcr:posterior crural ridge thtivava, pfl: fibrous layer of posterier inner ligament iNMSew･'rt'iacvaa)wamettew ue-I, p]1: lamellar layer of posterior inner ligament Nutmpeec wta)Ealtas･'fi'rr' zz, plp : posterior ligamental pit ftEZtftrr", RV : r;Lght valve aue NII-Electronic Library Service The malacologicalsocietymalacological society of Japan Matsukuma: Family Placunidae (Bivalvia) 235 'the but not tensional one. A set of the lamellar and fibrous layers of internal ligament forms a shallow C-spring or semicylinder. The internal ligament is chiefly respollsibile
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of Threatened Taxa
    PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication The windowpane oyster family Placunidae Rafinesque, 1815 with additional description of Placuna quadrangula (Philipsson, 1788) from India Rocktm Ramen Das, Vijay Kumar Deepak Samuel, Goutham Sambath, Pandian Krishnan, Purvaja Ramachandran & Ramesh Ramachandran 26 December 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 15 | Pages: 15061–15067 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5049.11.15.15061-15067 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • New Distributional Records of Placuna Ephippium (Reizius 1788) Family: Placunidae from Mandapam Area -South East Coast of India
    World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 2 (1): 40-41, 2010 ISSN 2078-4589 © IDOSI Publications, 2010 New Distributional Records of Placuna ephippium (Reizius 1788) Family: Placunidae from Mandapam Area -South East Coast of India 1C. Stella, 2J. Sesh Serebiah and 1J. Siva 1Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus - 623409, India 2Madras Christian College -Chennai, India Abstract: The new occurrence of bivalve species of Placuna ephippium is recorded for the first time from Mandapam area, based on a few shells collected from the fish landing centers. The common name of the species is Saddle Oysters. In Anomiidae family, the only one species of Placuna placenta was recorded so far. The present paper described the taxonomic status and the description of the new record of Placuna ephippium under the family of Placunidae. Key words: Placuna ephippium % Placunidae % Mandapam area % India INTRODUCTION Systematic Position: In Gulf of Mannar and Lakshadweep area, 428 and Phylum : Mollusca 424 species of mollusks have been recorded, respectively. Class : Bivalvia Eight species of Oysters, 2 species of Mussels, 17 species Order : Ostreoida of Clams, 6 species of Pearl Oysters, 4 species of Giant Family : Placunidae Gray 1842 Clams and One species of Window pane Oysters of Genus : Placuna Placuna placenta was recorded [1]. During a regular survey at Mandapam fish landing centers Lat 8° 47' - 9° Species: 15'N and Long 78° 12' - 79° 14'E (Map. 1), the shells of Placuna ephippium (Reizius 1788) were collected, 2 right Placuna Lightfoot, 1786 valves and 3 left valves of different individuals for Placuna ephippium identification, which have not been recorded by earlier Placuna lobata workers from this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIOXS. 227 AEEANGEMENT FAMILIES OF MOLLUSKS. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BY THEODORE GILL, M. D., Ph.D. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, FEBRUARY, 1871. ^^1 I ADVERTISEMENT. The following list has been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, for the purpose of facilitating the arrangement and classification of the Mollusks and Shells of the National Museum ; and as frequent applica- tions for such a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable to publish it for more extended use. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, January, 1871 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, FEBRUARY 28, 1870. (iii ) CONTENTS. VI PAGE Order 17. Monomyaria . 21 " 18. Rudista , 22 Sub-Branch Molluscoidea . 23 Class Tunicata , 23 Order 19. Saccobranchia . 23 " 20. Dactjlobranchia , 24 " 21. Taeniobranchia , 24 " 22. Larvalia , 24 Class Braehiopoda . 25 Order 23. Arthropomata , 25 " . 24. Lyopomata , 26 Class Polyzoa .... 27 Order 25. Phylactolsemata . 27 " 26. Gymnolseraata . 27 " 27. Rhabdopleurse 30 III. List op Authors referred to 31 IV. Index 45 OTRODUCTIO^. OBJECTS. The want of a complete and consistent list of the principal subdivisions of the mollusks having been experienced for some time, and such a list being at length imperatively needed for the arrangement of the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, the present arrangement has been compiled for that purpose. It must be considered simply as a provisional list, embracing the results of the most recent and approved researches into the systematic relations and anatomy of those animals, but from which innova- tions and peculiar views, affecting materially the classification, have been excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North
    [Show full text]
  • Shelled Molluscs
    Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ ©UNESCO-EOLSS Archive Institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Shelled Molluscs Berthou P.1, Poutiers J.M.2, Goulletquer P.1, Dao J.C.1 1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France 2 : Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Abstract: Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores. Keywords: bivalves, gastropods, fisheries, aquaculture, biology, fishing gears, management To cite this chapter Berthou P., Poutiers J.M., Goulletquer P., Dao J.C., SHELLED MOLLUSCS, in FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net] 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs Gastropods
    Group/Genus/Species Family/Common Name Code SHELL FISHES MOLLUSCS GASTROPODS Dentalium Dentaliidae 4500 D . elephantinum Elephant Tusk Shell 4501 D . javanum 4502 D. aprinum 4503 D. tomlini 4504 D. mannarense 450A D. elpis 450B D. formosum Formosan Tusk Shell 450C Haliotis Haliotidae 4505 H. varia Variable Abalone 4506 H. rufescens Red Abalone 4507 H. clathrata Lovely Abalone 4508 H. diversicolor Variously Coloured Abalone 4509 H. asinina Donkey'S Ear Abalone 450G H. planata Planate Abalone 450H H. squamata Scaly Abalone 450J Cellana Nacellidae 4510 C. radiata radiata Rayed Wheel Limpet 4511 C. radiata cylindrica Rayed Wheel Limpet 4512 C. testudinaria Common Turtle Limpet 4513 Diodora Fissurellidae 4515 D. clathrata Key-Hole Limpets 4516 D. lima 4517 D. funiculata Funiculata Limpet 4518 D. singaporensis Singapore Key-Hole Limpet 4519 D. lentiginosa 451A D. ticaonica 451B D. subquadrata 451C Page 1 of 15 Group/Genus/Species Family/Common Name Code D. pileopsoides 451D Trochus Trochidae 4520 T. radiatus Radiate Top 4521 T. pustulosus 4522 T. stellatus Stellate Trochus 4523 T. histrio 4524 T. maculatus Maculated Top 452A T. niloticus Commercial Top 452B Umbonium Trochidae 4525 U. vestiarium Common Button Top 4526 Turbo Turbinidae 4530 T. marmoratus Great Green Turban 4531 T. intercostalis Ribbed Turban Snail 4532 T. brunneus Brown Pacific Turban 4533 T. argyrostomus Silver-Mouth Turban 4534 T. petholatus Cat'S Eye Turban 453A Nerita Neritidae 4535 N. chamaeleon Chameleon Nerite 4536 N. albicilla Ox-Palate Nerite 4537 N. polita Polished Nerite 4538 N. plicata Plicate Nerite 4539 N. undata Waved Nerite 453E Littorina Littorinidae 4540 L. scabra Rough Periwinkle 4541 L.
    [Show full text]
  • THE FESTIVUS ISSN: 0738-9388 a Publication of the San Diego Shell Club
    (?mo< . fn>% Vo I. 12 ' 2 ? ''f/ . ) QUfrl THE FESTIVUS ISSN: 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume: XXII January 11, 1990 Number: 1 CLUB OFFICERS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD President Kim Hutsell R. Tucker Abbott Vice President David K. Mulliner American Malacologists Secretary (Corres. ) Richard Negus Eugene V. Coan Secretary (Record. Wayne Reed Research Associate Treasurer Margaret Mulliner California Academy of Sciences Anthony D’Attilio FESTIVUS STAFF 2415 29th Street Editor Carole M. Hertz San Diego California 92104 Photographer David K. Mulliner } Douglas J. Eernisse MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION University of Michigan Annual dues are payable to San Diego William K. Emerson Shell Club. Single member: $10.00; American Museum of Natural History Family membership: $12.00; Terrence M. Gosliner Overseas (surface mail): $12.00; California Academy of Sciences Overseas (air mail): $25.00. James H. McLean Address all correspondence to the Los Angeles County Museum San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883 of Natural History Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111 Barry Roth Research Associate Single copies of this issue: $5.00. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Postage is additional. Emily H. Vokes Tulane University The Festivus is published monthly except December. The publication Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM, date appears on the masthead above. Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park. PROGRAM TRAVELING THE EAST COAST OF AUSTRALIA Jules and Carole Hertz will present a slide program on their recent three week trip to Queensland and Sydney. They will also bring a display of shells they collected Slides of the Club Christmas party will also be shown.
    [Show full text]
  • Back Matter (PDF)
    PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B VOLUME 276 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1976-7 PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL SOCIETY 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE LONDON SW1Y5AG CONTENTS Series B Volume 276 No. 943 30 November 1976 A Discussion on the assembly of regular viruses. Organized by A. K lug, F.R.S. and P. J . G. Butler ..... page 1 No. 944 30 November 1976 Organization of motoneurones in the prothoracic ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.). By J . F. Iles ............. 205 No. 945 7 December 1976 The history of the mammal fauna during the Ipswichian/Last interglacial in England. By A. J . St u a r t ....................................................................................................................... 221 No. 946 25 January 1977 Late-Devensian and Flandrian vegetational history of Bodmin Moor, Cornwall. By A. P. Brown ............. 251 No. 947 25 January 1977 Studies on the eyes of anchovies Anchoa mitchilli and A. hepsetus (Engraulidae) with particular reference to the pigment epithelium. By B. A. Fineran and J. A. C. N icol, F.R .S.................................................................... 321 No. 948 25 January 1977 The nervous system of Loligo III. Higher motor centres: the basal supraoesophageal lobes. By J. Z. Young, F.R.S.................................................................................................... 351 No. 949 25 January 1977 Polymorphism and selection in Cochlicella acuta. By G. Lewis ............. 399 No. 950 11 February 1977 Form and evolution in the Anomiacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) - Pododesmus, Anomia, , Enigmonia (Anomiidae): Placunanomia , Placuna (Placunidae Fam. Nov.). By C. M. Yonge, F.R.S................................................................................................. 453 Indexes 525 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON CONTENTS OF VOLUME 276 (SERIES B) No. 943 A Discussion on the assembly of regular viruses.
    [Show full text]
  • Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae)
    Zootaxa 3721 (3): 265–280 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.3.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B2D9F2DF-4116-4515-9BFB-44FFBE875C9E Caught in speciation? A new host for Conchodytes meleagrinae Peters, 1852 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) CHARLES H.J.M. FRANSEN1 & BASTIAN T. REIJNEN2 Department of Marine Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract During fieldwork in 2009 at Ternate, Indonesia, a pair of a pontoniine shrimp species belonging to the genus Conchodytes was collected from a bivalve mollusk of the genus Spondylus. This constitutes the first record of a species of the genus Conchodytes associated with a spondylid host. The specimens can be distinguished from other known Conchodytes spe- cies based on both morphology and colour pattern. Its COI barcode however, strongly resembles those obtained from three specimens of C. meleagrinae and is nested in the C. meleagrinae clade of the reconstructed phylogeny. Based on mor- phology and colouration only the specimens associated with the Spondylus bivalve would have been described as a species new to science. The modest conflicting molecular data have lead the authors to fully describe and figure the Spondylus associated specimens and compare them with the Pinctada associated specimens. Based on the present information it is decided not to give the Spondylus associated specimens the status as a distinct species but regard them as host-related (colour)morph of Conchodytes meleagrinae.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Conservation Issues of Window Pane Oyster Placuna Placenta (Linnaeus 1758) in Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi: 10.6024/jmbai.2015.57.1.1843-15 Status and conservation issues of window pane oyster Placuna placenta (Linnaeus 1758) in Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh, India P. Laxmilatha Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P. B. No. 1603, Ernakulum North P.O., Cochin 682 018, Kerala, India. *Correspondence e-mail: [email protected] Received: 27 Apr 2015, Accepted: 27 Jun 2015, Published: 30 Jun 2015 Short Communication Abstract Introduction The Kakinada Bay in Andhra Pradesh, India is a rich ground of the pearl bearing window pane oyster, The windowpane oyster, Placuna placenta, also known as Placuna placenta. The total window pane oyster landing “Kapis”, is a bivalve marine mollusc in the family Placunidae. It during 2011-2012 was 461.3 t; the total effort 13,777 is found in the Gulf of Aden, around India, the Malay Peninsula, man days and mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) 29.7 the southern coasts of China and along the northern coasts of kg. The mean landing was 230.7 t and mean effort Borneo to the Philippines (Yonge, 1977). The major producer was 6,889. The window pane oyster is protected under of “kapis” is Phillipines which exported US $ 36 million worth Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, of “kapis” products between 1986and 1991 (Gallardo et al., 1972; however, clandestine fishing for live as well as 1995). In India, the window pane oyster is distributed in the fossilized shells of the window pane oyster occurs in Gulf of Kutch (Gujarat) (Hornell, 1909a, b; Moses, 1939, 1947; the Kakinada Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell's Field Guide C.20.1 150 FB.Pdf
    1 C.20.1 Human beings have an innate connection and fascination with the ocean & wildlife, but still we know more about the moon than our Oceans. so it’s a our effort to introduce a small part of second largest phylum “Mollusca”, with illustration of about 600 species / verities Which will quit useful for those, who are passionate and involved with exploring shells. This database made from our personal collection made by us in last 15 years. Also we have introduce website “www.conchology.co.in” where one can find more introduction related to our col- lection, general knowledge of sea life & phylum “Mollusca”. Mehul D. Patel & Hiral M. Patel At.Talodh, Near Water Tank Po.Bilimora - 396321 Dist - Navsari, Gujarat, India [email protected] www.conchology.co.in 2 Table of Contents Hints to Understand illustration 4 Reference Books 5 Mollusca Classification Details 6 Hypothetical view of Gastropoda & Bivalvia 7 Habitat 8 Shell collecting tips 9 Shell Identification Plates 12 Habitat : Sea Class : Bivalvia 12 Class : Cephalopoda 30 Class : Gastropoda 31 Class : Polyplacophora 147 Class : Scaphopoda 147 Habitat : Land Class : Gastropoda 148 Habitat :Freshwater Class : Bivalvia 157 Class : Gastropoda 158 3 Hints to Understand illustration Scientific Name Author Common Name Reference Book Page Serial No. No. 5 as Details shown Average Size Species No. For Internal Ref. Habitat : Sea Image of species From personal Land collection (Not in Scale) Freshwater Page No.8 4 Reference Books Book Name Short Format Used Example Book Front Look p-Plate No.-Species Indian Seashells, by Dr.Apte p-29-16 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Bivalvia: Placunidae)
    Larval and postlarval development of the window- pane shell, Placuna placenta L. (Bivalvia: Placunidae) Item Type article Authors Young, Adam Download date 23/09/2021 22:25:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/34123 Larval and postlarval development of the window- pane shell, Placuna placenta L. (Bivalvia: Placunidae) Young, Adam Date published: 1979 To cite this document : Young, A. (1979). Larval and postlarval development of the window-pane shell, Placuna placenta L. (Bivalvia: Placunidae). SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Quarterly Research Report, 3(2), 4–7. Keywords : Larval development, Life cycle, Developmental stages, Metamorphosis, Larval settlement, Placuna placenta, Bivalvia To link to this document : http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2345 Share on : PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO SEE THE FULL TEXT This content was downloaded from SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository (SAIR) - the official digital repository of scholarly and research information of the department Downloaded by: [Anonymous] On: November 20, 2015 at 11:38 AM CST IP Address: 122.55.1.77 Follow us on: Facebook | Twitter | Google Plus | Instagram Library & Data Banking Services Section | Training & Information Division Aquaculture Department | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) Tigbauan, Iloilo 5021 Philippines | Tel: (63-33) 330 7088, (63-33) 330 7000 loc 1340 | Fax: (63-33) 330 7088 Website: www.seafdec.org.ph | Email: [email protected] Copyright © 2011-2015 SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department. Larval and postlarval development of the window-pane shell,Placuna p lacenta L. (Bivalvia: Placunidae) Adam Young A d u lt Placuna placenta (60-100 mm) obtained from commercial skin divers along Iloilo Strait were kept in the laboratory in running seawater at 28-30°C at a salinity of 27-29 ppt.
    [Show full text]