Ecological Site Briefings Minerals Site Options Detailed

Wiltshire and Swindon Aggregate Minerals Site Allocations DPD Further assessment for Aggregate Minerals Site Options in Wiltshire and Swindon: Ecological Site Briefings

Contents Introduction 1 Site Briefings 4 Site Option U2 4 Site Option U3 5 Site Option U4 6 Site Option U5 7 Site Option U6 8 Site Option U7 8 Site Option U9 9 Site Option U16 10 Site Option U17 11 Site Option U18 12 Site Option U22 13 Site Option U23 14 Site Option C3 15 Site Option C15 16 Site Option C16 17 Site Option C18 18 Site Option SE1 – SE3 19 Site Option SA1 20 Site Option SA2 21 Site Option BA4 22 Appendix A: Test of Likely Significance 23 SA1 25 SA2 30 SE1 – SE3 35 U7 41 U9 46 U22 52

1. Introduction

This document aims to set out the relevant ecological issues for each minerals site in order to fully inform the planning process of the necessary processes that should be followed to ensure protection of the ecological integrity within each site. This document also addresses possible opportunities for enhancement in line with the requirements of Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9).

Planning Obligations For most of the sites the ecology can be sufficiently addressed at the planning application stage in line with Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation (PPS9), which will ensure no adverse impacts on protected species or sites and will require some habitat enhancement appropriate to existing site ecology. There is no guarantee that all the sites will come forward for planning approval as the process is landowner and developer led, therefore no habitat survey work by consultants is necessary until the planning application for each site is being prepared. It will be the responsibility of developers to engage suitably qualified consultant ecologists to survey their site in order to produce a report that will inform the planning application.

Notwithstanding this, the County Ecologist has reviewed the existing data for each site against the current ecology within and immediately surrounding each site. Table 1 below sets out the ecological constraints for each site and the requirement for habitat and species survey to inform the planning process.

Advice is also offered on appropriate restoration proposals and any constraints or specific requirements that would be relevant to those proposals. Most mineral sites are very large in area and their restoration can offer opportunities to replace, create and enhance areas of semi natural habitat at a landscape scale. As a general rule, all restoration proposals should aim to meet targets laid out in the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan, for named species that are currently within the site or in adjacent areas, thus satisfying the requirement under PPS9 to deliver suitable enhancement for biodiversity through the planning system. Where mineral extraction sites are located within the Cotswold Water Park, there will be an additional requirement for restoration proposals to meet targets in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan and to fall in line with the CWP BAP's Head of the Thames Vision, of which restored mineral sites have the opportunity to deliver a significant part.

The long term nature of mineral extraction operations can result in large areas of natural and semi natural habitat being disturbed at any one time, potentially leading to deleterious effects on some faunal and floral species if they are unable to return in the short term. Where more than one operational mineral extraction site occurs adjacently or nearby, the effect can be cumulative. It is likely to be a requirement of any planning permission for mineral extraction that a construction method statement will be submitted as part of the application, detailing how provision will be maintained for wildlife to utilise key habitat areas within and around the site. A programme of phased working will be favoured, where restoration of early extraction phases is carried out alongside later extraction phases, to avoid the existence of large areas devoid of vegetation and thus help to lessen the impacts on the biodiversity of the area. The programme of phasing should ideally include a management plan for natural habitats to ensure that sufficient and appropriate habitat can be maintained for wildlife species throughout the operation and restoration of the site.

Statutory European Designated Sites The Core Strategy Habitats Regulation Assessment (HRA) document for the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework, carried out by Enfusion/C4S in July 2008 determined the predicted impacts of mineral site operation on the features of each European designated site, based on the sensitivities of those features as documented in the site information given by the Joint Nature Conservancy Council. (This information is given in Appendix 4 of the Habitats Regulations Assessment for the Minerals and Waste Core Strategies & Development Control Policies: Submission Reports July 2008). The predicted impacts cover the range of activities associated with all stages of mineral winning and working, from site preparation, through extraction, restoration and finally afteruse

For each European site, the HRA concludes a distance below which it cannot be certain that a likely significant effect will not result from the operation of a mineral site.

Six of the proposed mineral sites are located close enough to a European designated site to require a “test of likely significance” to determine whether or not the proposal could be likely to have a significant adverse effect on the designated features of the site. The pro forma for each of these six sites is shown in Appendix 1 – Habitats Regulations Test of Likely Significance.

River Avon SAC SA1 – Land at Petersfinger, Salisbury SA2 – Land near Alderbury Farm, Salisbury

North Meadow & Clattinger Farm SAC U7 – Land east of Calcutt U9 – Land near Latton U22 – Land west of Cotswold Community

New Forest SAC SE1, SE2, SE3 – Land at Whiteparish

Other Statutory Designated Sites In many cases the boundaries of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are contiguous with the boundaries of European Sites for which they act as a management tool, although the designated features may vary between the SSSIs and European Sites. Some statutory designations are SSSI only and not associated with any European Site. Of these, some are designated for their biological features, e.g. Savernake Forest, while others are designated for their geological features, e.g. Stanton St Quintin Geological SSSI. Whether designated for their biological or their geological interest, the statutory legislation requires due regard is exercised in respect of those features. By their nature the geological SSSIs are often likely to be on previously quarried areas and often also adjacent to extant extraction permissions. Although not the qualifying feature for these SSSIs they are often hotspots for biodiversity, providing opportunities for a range of small mammals and invertebrates, bats, small native birds and also birds of prey.

There is no standard distance from a SSSI at which it can be determined that impact is likely as this is very subjective, depending on the designated features of the SSSI, the possible impacts from operating the mineral site and whether there is any mechanism for impact such as hydrological connectivity or direction of prevailing wind in relation to both sites. Each site will require assessment of its individual issues at the planning application stage. The specific details of the requirements for survey and possible mitigation in respect of SSSIs are given in Table 1 below, in respect of each potential mineral site that may have the potential to impact on the designated features.

Local Sites – County Wildlife Sites County Wildlife Sites (CWSs) are the network of local sites of non-statutory designation, selected for their habitat type and their function for biodiversity. They usually contain areas of Priority Habitat (defined under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan list of Priority Habitats) and are protected through planning policy and process by the implementation of PPS9. Where CWSs occur within or immediately adjacent to potential mineral sites, consideration should be given to avoidance and protection through buffering of these important local sites. Consultation should be sought with the County Ecologist and the Wildlife Sites Project Officer in relation to current condition of any CWS potentially likely to be affected by mineral extraction and the potential to enhance their condition through the planning process, as required under PPS9.

Life of this advice The advice given in this document is valid for the life of the Wiltshire & Swindon Aggregate Minerals Site Allocations DPD. However, the specific ecology of individual sites will change over time and prospective developers are therefore advised to engage a suitably qualified consultant ecologist at an early stage in the planning process, to properly determine the ecology of their site so that sufficient and appropriate mitigation and enhancement can be designed that will ensure no adverse effects on biodiversity as a result of development of the site.

Sites with this symbol have been subject to a test of likely significant effect on a nearby European site, undertaken by the County Ecologist, as detailed in Appendix A of this report.

2. Site Briefings

The following tables give a brief overview of the existing ecology of each potential site allocation, together with any constraints that may affect future proposed mineral developments. The evidence base for this table is drawn from existing records held at the Wiltshire & Swindon Biological Records Centre (WSBRC), Natural England site boundaries of SSSIs and European statutory designated sites and a comprehensive programme of site visits by the County Ecologist. It is intended to inform potential developers and planning officers of the likely ecological issues at individual sites that will need to be addressed in order to develop sites with due regard to biodiversity and to indicate appropriate enhancement that will benefit biodiversity in line with Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9).

Site Option U2 SP 131 001 10.2 Sand & Gravel Agriculture There are no statutory or non-statutory sites within a distance where they would be likely to be impacted by operation of this site for mineral extraction. Land adjacent to this site, in Gloucestershire is allocated as a Preferred Area for sand and gravel extraction in the Gloucestershire Minerals Local Plan. There is a quarry operating in proximity to the area at Horcott, to the east. Cumulative effects should be assessed if there is a likelihood of all three sites being operational at the same time.

SPZ groundwater is located in the confined oolites. The operators of this site would need to be careful that extraction of minerals at this site does not create pathways through the protecting clay layer that confined the SPZ. There are a number of deregulated groundwater licences that will need to be protected during extraction.

The airfield at RAF Fairford, some 1.5km to the south hosts the most significant population of great crested newts in Gloucestershire. Although there are no records of this species between the airfield and the potential mineral site, this must not be taken as an indication of their absence. There are significant drains and local ponds that may be used by great crested newts within the surrounding area and it is possible that the mineral site itself offers suitable terrestrial habitat for the species. The adjacent landholding supports a large colony of brown long eared bats (over 50 in a maternity colony, which is very large for this species). Care will be needed to ensure that flight lines and foraging areas are not adversely impacted during the extraction operations or as a result of uninformed restoration. Any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site must be informed by an extended Phase I survey with particular reference to great crested newts and bats.

A robust construction method statement will be required to address mitigation to ensure that any protected species found on or associated with the site will be given adequate regard during the extraction operations and restoration works. The document should also address protection of retained hedgerows, trees, ditches and drains throughout the process.

Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP), however it is acknowledged that proximity to RAF Fairford renders restoration to BAP habitats difficult, since wetland habitats may increase Birdstrike risk. Restoration to farmland may be the priority, in which case, the creation of small field ponds may benefit a range of BAP species including great crested newt. Enhancement of key flightlines and foraging areas for bats could be achieved by strengthening hedges around the site by additional planting.

Site Option U3 SU 135 970 106.1 Sand & Gravel Agriculture There are no statutory or non-statutory sites within a distance where they would be likely to be impacted by operation of this site for mineral extraction. However, this area is in close proximity to RAF Fairford which supports Gloucestershire's largest population of Great Crested Newt; this is sure to impact upon future mineral development at this site since it supports a number of farmland ponds, which may be in use by Great Crested Newt. This area is also known to support farmland birds such as Yellowhammer, Tree Sparrow, Turtle Dove and Barn Owl. This area supports a number of the nationally scarce native Black Poplar (based on surveys undertaken by the Cotswold Water Park Society); these trees are found within numerous hedgerows in the north-east of this area and include some very mature specimens. Replanting will be a key component of restoration works. Any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site should be informed by an extended Phase I survey to determine the existence of habitat features of value to local wildlife populations and to inform relevant mitigation strategies to ensure their protection during extraction and restoration of the site. The survey should be carried out with particular reference to those species listed above, together with any other species that the consultant ecologist identifies habitat opportunities for. Further specialist advice in relation to Black Poplar conservation may need to be obtained through the Cotswold Water Park Society.

A robust construction method statement will be required to address management of habitat features on the site during mineral extraction operations to ensure that local biodiversity is not adversely impacted. This is likely to include retention of hedgerows and tree lines, ditches and drains and other connective corridors across and around the site, methods to avoid disturbance to individual species and some habitat manipulation to ensure continuity of habitat availability. Phased working of the site with restoration as an integral part of the process will ensure that where these features have to be removed to enable extraction, they can be replaced by new planting or other habitat creation in adjacent phased areas, ensuring availability of habitat for wildlife species.

The potential mineral site lies directly north of existing mineral extraction at Roundhouse Farm and there are other permitted, although not yet commenced extraction sites, together with several more potential mineral sites in very close proximity to each other. Groundwater investigations will be required to determine measures to ensure protection of groundwater for this site and in relation to other adjacent mineral site workings. It is imperative that the potential impacts on groundwater flood risk and baseflow for local rivers such as the River Thames are adequately investigated and understood, with potentially significant measures required to reduce adverse environmental impacts. In addition, there are a number of local private abstractions that must be ensured protection during site operation.

Proposals for restoration should primarily complement the agreed restoration plan for Roundhouse Farm which lies adjacent to this site, most appropriately by extending the area of wetland habitat under creation including reedbed and floodplain grazing marsh. Hedgerow restoration and ditch recreation will be necessary to maintain landscape connectivity. Restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP)

Site Option U4 SU 142 964 49.7 Sand & Gravel Agriculture There are no statutory designated sites in the immediate vicinity of the potential mineral site, the closest being North Meadow SAC, some 4.5km to the south west, beyond the zone of impact as defined by the Minerals & Waste Core Strategy HRA. In addition there are no non-statutory sites within an area around the site that could be impacted by mineral extraction at this site. There are however, several ecological issues that will require further investigation and appropriate protection during both the extraction and restoration phases of the operation. The site comprises three adjacent parcels which it is assumed will be worked in continuous phasing of extraction and restoration. Areas 2 and 3 are immediately adjacent to the River Thames, while Area 1 lies within 150m of the River Thames. In addition, the whole site is within Flood Zone 3 and is surrounded by several other operational mineral sites. Groundwater investigations will be required to ensure that local groundwater will not be impacted by the combined effects of mineral extraction over the wider area and that suitable measures can be put in place to ensure local groundwater protection. Typical riparian species such as otter and water vole have been recorded frequently at the site and in the surrounding area. There will therefore be a requirement to establish a significant buffer zone to ensure that the river is protected from pollution and silt run-off, that disturbance of riparian species does not occur as a result of the operation of the mineral site and that the riparian habitat can continue to provide its function for biodiversity as a valuable corridor between adjacent habitats. In addition, sufficient survey will be required to determine the importance to wildlife of the numerous ditches and drains that cross the site and measures designed to protect their integrity as habitat features. Other species currently recorded within or adjacent to the site include badgers, farmland birds, brown hare and barn owls. An extended Phase I survey will be required to inform any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site. Further species specific surveys will be required if indicated by the initial survey. A robust construction method will be required as part of the planning application, including details of the riparian buffer, protection of trees, hedges and ditches as appropriate and preventative measures to avoid disturbance of wildlife, such as lighting constraints near the river corridor. It should also include details of groundwater protection and stockpile storage areas beyond the floodplain to avoid possible siltation impacts during flood events. The land is currently floodplain grassland meadow and restoration to this habitat after extraction would be appropriate, to meet targets in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) by supporting the species that currently inhabit the site. The restoration could also deliver increased flood storage capacity that could also benefit biodiversity. Further investigation of restoration options will be required to assess the most appropriate for the site and the surrounding landscape. It should be noted that an adjacent site to the west, at Roundhouse Farm, is currently operated for mineral extraction with a permitted restoration scheme already partially achieved. If the land at Blackburr Farm goes forward as an operational mineral site, restoration will be expected to complement that of Roundhouse Farm.

Site Option U5 SU 136 957 75.6 Sand & Gravel Agriculture There are no statutory or non-statutory sites within a distance where they would be likely to be impacted by operation of this site for mineral extraction. However, the site is almost entirely within Flood Zone 3 and the northern edge of the site abuts the River Thames. In addition, there is a lens of willow coppice within the site which is surrounded by established trees and well connected to other habitat areas by a significant hedgerow network both around and across the site. There is a quarry currently operating to the north of the site option at Roundhouse Farm, with other permitted quarrying operations not yet commenced to the north west, west and east, thus this site will eventually be almost entirely surrounded by quarrying operations. Groundwater investigations will be required to determine measures to ensure protection of groundwater for this site and in relation to other adjacent mineral site workings. This area is notable for supporting good farmland bird populations (notably Yellowhammer, Tree Sparrow etc), farmland mammals such as Harvest Mouse and Brown Hare, and riparian mammals such as otter and water vole. Considerable care will be necessary to ensure these populations are not impacted during any extraction. For any future planning application an extended Phase I survey will be required to determine the existence of habitat features of value to local wildlife populations and to inform relevant mitigation strategies to ensure their protection during extraction and restoration of the site. The survey should be carried out with particular reference to those species listed above, together with any other species that the consultant ecologist identifies habitat opportunities for. A robust construction method statement will be required to address issues such as prevention of pollution of the River Thames and careful design of stockpiling and earth bunds within the site, since the potential site is almost entirely within Flood Zone 3, with potential to result in significant pollution and damage to local topsoils and built structures both on and off the site during flood events. The CMS should also address management of habitat features on the site during mineral extraction operations to ensure that local biodiversity is not adversely impacted. This is likely to include retention of the willow coppice together with hedgerows and tree lines, ditches and drains and other connective corridors across and around the site, methods to avoid disturbance to individual species and some habitat manipulation to ensure continuity of habitat availability. Proposals for restoration should complement any already in existence for surrounding mineral sites, particularly that at Roundhouse Farm and should support the species currently found on the site. Whilst some wetland creation to BAP habitats such as reedbed and floodplain grazing marsh is encouraged, the restoration of some farmland is also paramount to support farmland birds and mammals already present. Riverside meadows along the Thames, including those associated with Roundhouse farm, are suitable for restoration to species-rich grassland. Restoration to meadows of international importance should not be prevented by sand and gravel extraction; the loss of hydrologic connectivity and natural soil structure may prevent future restoration to species-rich grasslands akin to the nearby North Meadow Special Area of Conservation (SAC). Restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP)

Site Option U6 SU 129 957 20.1 Sand & Gravel Agriculture There are no statutory or non-statutory sites within a distance where they would be likely to be impacted by operation of this site for mineral extraction. There is a quarry currently operating approximately 800m to the north east of the site option at Roundhouse Farm, with other proposed quarrying operations not yet permitted to the north, west and east, thus this site could eventually be almost entirely surrounded by quarrying operations. Groundwater investigations will be required to determine measures to ensure protection of groundwater for this site and in relation to other adjacent mineral site workings. The north east corner of the site abuts the River Thames and there are numerous existing records of otter, water voles and badgers in the area, together with nationally important farmland bird species, harvest mouse and brown hare. An extended Phase I survey will be required to determine the existence of habitat features of value to local wildlife populations and to inform relevant mitigation strategies to ensure their protection during extraction and restoration of the site. The survey should be carried out with particular reference to those species listed above, together with any other species that the consultant ecologist identifies habitat opportunities for. A robust construction method statement will be required to address issues such as prevention of pollution of the River Thames and careful design of stockpiling and earth bunds within the site, since the potential site is almost entirely within Flood Zone 3, with potential to result in significant pollution and damage to local topsoils and built structures both on and off the site during flood events. The CMS should also address management of habitat features on the site during mineral extraction operations to ensure that local biodiversity is not adversely impacted. This is likely to include retention of hedgerows and tree lines, ditches and drains and other connective corridors across and around the site, methods to avoid disturbance to individual species and some habitat manipulation to ensure continuity of habitat availability. Proposals for restoration should complement any already in existence for surrounding mineral sites, particularly that at Roundhouse Farm. Appropriate restoration could include wetland creation adjacent to the River Thames, for example grazing marsh, reedbed, wet woodland or scrapes and ponds. In addition, proposals for restoration should include features that will benefit wildlife species currently using the site (as indicated by the extended Phase I habitat survey) and should aim to meet targets in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP)

Site Option U7 SU 119 938 172.6 Sand & Gravel Agriculture The site is situated 1.1km from North Meadow SSSI, which is a component of the North Meadow and Clattinger Farm Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The County Ecologist has carried out a test of likely significant effects that could occur as a result of operation of this site for mineral extraction and concluded that there will be no likely significant adverse effects on the designated features of the SAC (see Appendix A). As a precautionary measure to ensure no adverse effects on the European site, any planning application should be accompanied by a robust construction method statement that will ensure best available technology and regard for biodiversity. Any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site must also be informed by an extended Phase I survey of the whole site, with particular reference to water voles, otters, badgers and foraging bats and the habitats they use, particularly connective features such as hedgerows and field margins. The River Thames abuts the northern edge of the site and the River Ray (a County Wildlife Site designated for its riparian interest) runs north to south across the site and immediately adjacent to part of the eastern boundary of the site. Both these waterbodies will require protection in the form of a substantial stand-off area where mineral extraction will not be allowed to occur. Details of stand offs, together with protection measures for significant trees and hedges on the site should be 8

presented in the construction method statement. This will specifically address groundwater protection, dust and sediment control, storage of stockpiles and any other issues relating to protected habitats or species as indicated by the Phase I survey data.

Restoration to species rich grassland meadows would be appropriate for this site but would be dependent on maintaining the existing groundwater regime of the area. The restoration scheme should aim be complementary to the nearby North Meadow European site but should also aim to meet targets in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP), providing features and habitats for farmland birds, harvest mouse, brown hare, otters, water voles and curlew. Connectivity across and around the site for a range of mammals, birds and bats should be a key consideration. The site is close to other currently operational sites at Eysey Manor, Roundhouse Farm and proposed sites on the Down Ampney Estate and the restoration of the site at Calcutt should aim to provide linkages to these sites for future use by important bird assemblages already present in the CWP.

Site Option U9 SU 097 954 42.1 Sand & Gravel Agriculture The site is within 130m to the north east of North Meadow and Clattinger Farm Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The County Ecologist has carried out a test of likely significance as required under the Habitats Regulations 2010 (regulation 61) and found that it is not possible to conclude that the operation of the site for mineral extraction can be achieved without adverse impact on the designated features of the SAC (see Appendix A). Currently there is doubt as to whether water levels in the SAC could be sufficiently protected during the mineral extraction operations. Therefore a full appropriate assessment will be needed to investigate this issue. To this end it will be necessary for the applicant to source/supply sufficient detail of groundwater flows and hydraulic connectivity between the potential mineral site and the SAC to clearly show how water levels will be affected and to submit proposals for sufficient mitigation to prevent adverse effects if appropriate. If the appropriate assessment shows that there is suitable mitigation available that would sufficiently protect the European site from significant impact, any future planning application will need to be informed by an extended phase I ecological survey with particular respect to otters, water voles and badgers and the presence of any non-native invasive plant species within the site. Proposals for mitigation for these and any other species, as necessary, should be submitted as part of the planning application. In addition, a robust construction method statement will give sufficient detail of measures to protect biodiversity during the construction period, particularly the habitats used by those species listed above, i.e. drains and other surface water courses, hedgerows, banks and field margins.

Restoration to floodplain species rich hay meadow would be appropriate at this site. In addition, proposals for restoration should include features that will benefit wildlife species currently using the site (as indicated by the extended Phase I habitat survey) and should aim to meet targets in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP)

Site Option U16 SU 054 929 62.7 Sand & Gravel Agriculture The potential mineral site completely encompasses The Chancel, Waterhay County Wildlife Site (CWS). It also lies 500m to the east of the Swillbrook Field CWS which is designated for its neutral grassland interest and 90m west of the CWP Pits CWS designated originally for their aquatic plants and wildfowl interest, although currently undergoing some reassessment of interest and designatioin. A further area of neutral grassland also lies adjacent to the CWS. Neutral Grassland is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitat as it is of significant importance nationally. In addition, the Pike Corner Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), also designated for its Neutral Grassland interest, lies within 950m to the northwest of the potential mineral site. The particular botanical assemblage within the SSSI is dependent on groundwater levels and quality remaining constant. Groundwater within the SSSI is unlikely to be polluted by activities at the mineral site since the groundwater flow within the area is known to be from north west to south east and the SSSI lies to the north east of the site, therefore groundwater will flow towards the mineral site, not towards the SSSI. However the SSSI could be significantly impacted by drawn down of groundwater as a result of dewatering of gravel pits within the mineral site. The potential mineral site is within Flood Zone 3 at its northern edge and there is therefore a risk of pollution and silt deposition on surrounding habitats as a result of stockpiles and earth bunds stored in the floodplain being transported by floodwaters during flood events.

The highly invasive, non-native plant Crassula helmsii (New Zealand Pygmy Weed) has been found in existing water bodies to the south east of this site. This plant (or others of a non-native, invasive nature) must not be either deliberately or inadvertently spread to new areas as a result of earth moving operations.

Existing species records in close proximity to the site include Brown Hairstreak butterfly, Barn Owl, Bittern, Hobby, Green Sandpiper (all UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species) and Great Crested Newts (a European Protected Species). In addition, there are other important riparian habitats adjacent or nearby such as the Swill Brook and Derry Brook and the River Thames, all potentially offering habitat for water voles, otters and a variety of fish species and these should be given suitable protection during the mineral operations to ensure there is no pollution risk as a result of the works. In addition, the meadows and arable field habitats support a range of wintering water birds such as Lapwing and Dabbling Duck.

Any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site should be informed by an extended Phase I habitat survey with particular reference to the species already known to inhabit the area, plus any further species for which the consultant ecologist identifies suitable habitat opportunities.

A full groundwater investigation will be required to ensure that groundwater issues in relation to the site and to other adjacent mineral sites are fully understood and that sufficient mitigation measures can be put in place as necessary to protect the groundwater, particularly in relation to the nearby SSSI.

A robust construction method statement will be required to address the provision of groundwater mitigation, protected species mitigation and suitable working methods to ensure that local biodiversity is not significantly impacted by the mineral extraction operations or by the subsequent restoration of the site. There will be a requirement for a suitable stand-off from the Swill Brook and the River Thames, included within this document.

Suitable restoration proposals for this site would include agricultural use, woodland, ponds, lakes, grassland/meadows, which could incorporate increased flood storage capacity. Enhancements for biodiversity could include planting of blackthorn hedges to be managed specifically for Brown Hairstreak butterflies. Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP).

Site Option U17 SU 047 931 13.0 Sand & Gravel Agriculture The potential mineral site lies 120m to the east of the Swillbrook Field County Wildlife Site (CWS) which is designated for its neutral grassland interest. A further area of neutral grassland also lies adjacent to the CWS. Neutral Grassland is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitat as it is of significant importance nationally. In addition, the Pike Corner Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), also designated for its Neutral Grassland interest, lies within 600m to the northwest of the potential mineral site. The particular botanical assemblage within the SSSI is dependent on groundwater levels and quality remaining constant. Groundwater within the SSSI is unlikely to be polluted by activities at the mineral site since the groundwater flow within the area is known to be from north west to south east and the SSSI lies to the north east of the site, therefore groundwater will flow towards the mineral site, not towards the SSSI. However the SSSI could be significantly impacted by drawn down of groundwater as a result of dewatering of gravel pits within the mineral site. The potential mineral site is entirely within Flood Zone 3 and there is therefore a risk of pollution and silt deposition on surrounding habitats as a result of stockpiles and earth bunds stored in the floodplain being transported by floodwaters during flood events.

In the surrounding area, Three Bridges Quarry to the immediate north of the potential mineral site is likely to undergo a restoration programme in the near future and care must be taken to ensure that there are no cumulative impacts on local biodiversity as a result of earth moving operations at the two sites.

Existing species records in close proximity to the site include Brown Hairstreak butterfly, Barn Owl, Bittern, Hobby, Green Sandpiper (all UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species) and Great Crested Newts (a European Protected Species). In addition, there are other important riparian habitats nearby such as the Swill Brook and Derry Brook and the River Thames, all potentially offering habitat for water voles, otters and a variety of fish species and these should be given suitable protection during the mineral operations to ensure there is no pollution risk as a result of the works. In addition, the meadows and arable field habitats support a range of wintering water birds such as Lapwing and Dabbling Duck.

Site Option U18 SU 044 928 42.4 Sand & Gravel Agriculture The potential mineral site lies adjacent to the Swillbrook Field County Wildlife Site (CWS) which is designated for its neutral grassland interest. A further area of neutral grassland also lies adjacent to the potential site. Neutral Grassland is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitat as it is of significant importance nationally. In addition, the Pike Corner Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), also designated for its Neutral Grassland interest, lies within 450m to the northwest of the potential mineral site. The particular botanical assemblage within the SSSI is dependent on groundwater levels and quality remaining constant. Groundwater within the SSSI is unlikely to be polluted by activities at the mineral site since the groundwater flow within the area is known to be from north west to south east and the SSSI lies to the north east of the site, therefore groundwater will flow towards the mineral site, not towards the SSSI. However the SSSI could be significantly impacted by drawn down of groundwater as a result of dewatering of gravel pits within the mineral site. More than 50% of the potential mineral site is within Flood Zone 3 and there is therefore a risk of pollution and silt deposition on surrounding habitats as a result of stockpiles and earth bunds stored in the floodplain being transported by floodwaters during flood events.

In the surrounding area, Three Bridges Quarry to the immediate north east of the potential mineral site is likely to undergo a restoration programme in the near future and care must be taken to ensure that there are no cumulative impacts on local biodiversity as a result of earth moving operations at the two sites. The highly invasive, non-native plant Crassula helmsii (New Zealand Pygmy Weed) has been found in existing water bodies to the east of this site. This plant (or others of a non-native, invasive nature) must not be either deliberately or inadvertently spread to new areas as a result of earth moving operations.

Existing species records in close proximity to the site include Brown Hairstreak butterfly, Barn Owl, Bittern, Hobby, Green Sandpiper (all UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species) and Great Crested Newts (a European Protected Species). In addition, there are other important riparian habitats nearby such as the Swill Brook and Derry Brook and the River Thames, all potentially offering habitat for water voles, otters and a variety of fish species and these should be given suitable protection during the mineral operations to ensure there is no pollution risk as a result of the works. In addition, the meadows and arable field habitats support a range of wintering water birds such as Lapwing and Dabbling Duck.

Suitable restoration proposals for this site would include agricultural use, woodland, ponds, lakes, lowland grassland/meadows, which could incorporate increased flood storage capacity and which would target Curlews, a species of great conservation value in the Cotswold Water Park as well as nationally and internationally. Enhancements for biodiversity could include planting of blackthorn hedges to be managed specifically for Brown Hairstreak butterflies. Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP).

Site Option U22 SU 031 955 14.4 Sand & Gravel Agriculture The site is within 2km to the north east of Clattinger Farm which is a component part of North Meadow and Clattinger Farm Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The County Ecologist has carried out a test of likely significance as required under the Habitats Regulations 2010 (regulation 61) and found that the potential mineral site is at a sufficient distance from the SAC that it is very unlikely that water quality or water resource will be reduced within the European site. Precautionary measures are available to ensure that local groundwater is protected from impact. In addition, measures are available to prevent impact from dust deposition, pollution or increased siltation from run off reaching the SAC. There will therefore be no likely significant effect on the designated features of the SAC as a result of mineral extraction at this site (see Appendix A).

There are County Wildlife Sites (CWS) to the immediate west and south of the site which consist of groups of lakes formed by previous gravel extraction permits that are now important sites for overwintering birds and breeding wildfowl. Groundwater issues may be of particular relevance in determining permission for extraction of sand and gravel. It is understood that groundwater flows are generally from north west to south east in this area and so there is potential for contamination of groundwater that feeds the adjacent CWS lakes. There is also potential for the mineral extraction at this site to affect the water resource in the adjacent lakes, if draw down occurs as a result of dewatering the gravel pits during extraction. In addition, infilling of pits after extraction for restoration purposes is likely to further alter the groundwater flows and this adds to the potential impacts on surrounding lakes. A full investigation of groundwater issues will be required to inform any planning application and methods for preventing draw down, such as clay lining of pits may need to be considered.

Current species records from the CWSs and from the Cotswold Community that lies adjacent to the west, include Merlin, Hobby, Brown Hairstreak, small blue (Butterflies), Badger, Mediterranean Gull, Wimbrell, Green Sandpiper, Otter, Water Vole, Little Ringed Plover, Osprey, (all either UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species or Schedule 5 birds) together with great crested newts and at least 5 species of bat (both are European protected species). The barns of Cotswold Community support known bat roosts and care will be needed to ensure that key flight lines are preserved throughout the operation of the site. A considerable level of ecological survey will be required to assess the effects of the potential mineral extraction on the adjacent CWS fauna and flora, including habitat loss, dust and noise pollution and general disturbance.

A robust construction method statement will be required to addresses these issues and present mitigation strategies that will remove or substantially reduce impacts to local biodiversity.

Suitable restoration proposals for this site would include open water, ponds, reedbed and wet woodland. Enhancements for biodiversity should focus on connectivity of habitat areas via hedgerows and ditches that can offer secluded corridors for wildlife commuting. They could also include planting of blackthorn hedges to be managed specifically for Brown Hairstreak butterflies. Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Cotswold Water Park Biodiversity Action Plan (CWP BAP) and the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP).

Site Option U23 SU 037 955 19.8 Sand & Gravel Agriculture There are no statutory designated sites within the zone of possible impact for this potential mineral site, however there are several non statutory designations in very close proximity. Immediately adjacent to the east and again to the immediate south are groups of lakes selected as County Wildlife Sites for their importance to overwintering birds and breeding waterfowl. Groundwater issues may be of particular relevance in determining permission for extraction of sand and gravel. It is understood that groundwater flows are generally from north west to south east in this area and so there is potential for contamination of groundwater that feeds the adjacent CWS lakes. There is also potential for the mineral extraction at this site to affect the water resource in the adjacent lakes, if draw down occurs as a result of dewatering the gravel pits during extraction. In addition, infilling of pits after extraction for restoration purposes is likely to further alter the groundwater flows and this adds to the potential impacts on surrounding lakes. A full investigation of groundwater issues will be required to inform any planning application and methods for preventing draw down, such as clay lining of pits may need to be considered.

A robust construction method statement will be required to addresses these issues and present mitigation strategies that will remove or substantially reduce impacts to local biodiversity.

Site Option C3 SU 017 721 23.4 Soft Sand Agriculture There are no statutory or non-statutory sites within a distance where they would be likely to be impacted by operation of this site for mineral extraction. The Calne Sand Pits County Wildlife Site (CWS) lies some 250m to the south of the potential mineral extraction, however there is no mechanism for impact on the CWS as a result of operation of the mineral site.

The site would be an extension of an area currently operational for sand extraction with a previous phase of this operation now operating as a landfill site. Any habitat enhancement agreed or already implemented in relation to these extant permissions must not be compromised by any additional mineral extraction operations.

The main ecological constraints on this site are in relation to the Abberd Brook that flows along the northern boundary of the site and the network of hedgerows, tree lines and small copses in the surrounding area that form secluded corridors crucial to the permeability of the habitat by wildlife species. These must be protected during mineral operations by suitable stand-offs and buffer zones, together with suitably robust methods that will prevent pollution of the watercourse and/or any habitat areas downstream of the site.

Existing species records for the area include badger, grass snake, bats and particularly associated with the riparian habitat of the Abberd Brook, water voles and otters. An extended Phase I habitat survey with particular reference to these species will be required to inform any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site.

A robust construction method statement will be required to address the protection of the Abberd Brook, hedgerows and tree lines and methods of working that will ensure that wildlife species are given due regard during either the operational phase or the restoration phase of the mineral workings. This document will also supply details of specific mitigation measures required for any protected species identified by the Phase I survey

Restoration proposals for this site could include habitats with water bodies such as ponds, lakes and ditches and should also focus on enhancing connectivity of habitats particularly along hedge lines and along the Abberd Brook riparian strip.

Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP).

Site Option C15 ST 956 694 42.1 Soft Sand Agriculture Spye Park SSSI lies some 550m to the south of the potential mineral site, however it is not thought to be within a distance where it would be directly impacted by operation of this site for mineral extraction. However, the site is also surrounded on three sides by County Wildlife Sites (CWS), all selected for their Ancient Woodland habitat interest. Raspberry Copse and Badgers Brow CWS lies immediately adjacent to the western boundary of the potential mineral site, while Great Wood CWS lies almost immediately adjacent to the east, separated only by the A342, a single carriageway road. Horse Copse and Pigsty Copse CWS lies within 60m to the northern corner of the site. Ancient Woodland is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species and is protected by policy within the planning system as it offers habitat opportunities to a range of specialist species that only live in woodland – opportunities that are irreplaceable with alternative structures or new planting. These blocks of Ancient Woodland are particularly important to large mammals such as roe deer, muntjac deer, pheasants and foxes as a legacy of the historic royal hunting forests. As restoration is unlikely to lead to the re-introduction of all faunal species that are currently present, this may lead to a small gene pool locally which in turn could impact on wildlife populations in the wider countryside area.

Loxwell farm to the northwest of the site includes a granary which is believed to house bats, there are roosts at Pitter’s Farm housing Pipistrelle and Brown long eared bats, Greater Horseshoe Bats have been sighted near to the site. The stream that drains north is home to freshwater pearl mussels (a protected species), and the general area of ancient woodland and arable fields provides important foraging habitat for buzzards, kestrels, sparrowhawks and red kites. There is concern that reduction in hedgerows in the area will have a significant impact on wildlife species that use these for commuting between different habitat areas and for nesting or resting, particularly as it may force them to cross the road to alternative habitat and therefore be vulnerable to death or injury from passing traffic.

Spye Park SSSI features include species of lichen, moss, fungi, flies and small moths and should warrant a thorough survey of the areas along the southern edge of C15, especially where this borders Pitter’s Farm’s Marshy areas.

A significant level of ecological survey will be required to inform any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site. While an extended Phase I survey will identify the habitats on the site and in the surrounding area, together with an assessment of species likely to use these habitats and further surveys for their presence, there may also be a requirement for more specialist survey particularly in relation to lichens and some of the rarer plant species associated with Ancient Woodland habitats.

A robust construction method statement will be required to address tree and hedgerow protection around the boundaries of the mineral extraction site and suitable buffering to avoid impacting on wildlife species using the woodland areas. It will also be required to address any necessary mitigation strategies in respect of protected species identified at the site or in the immediate surrounding area, as indicated by the results of the Phase I surveys.

Appropriate restoration would be to broad leafed woodland or neutral grassland, with enhancements for biodiversity focused on improving habitat connectivity by increasing hedgerow and other wildlife corridor habitats. Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP).

Site Option C16 SU 941 649 10.4 Soft Sand Agriculture There are no statutory designated sites within the immediate area, the closest being part of Spye Park SSSI approximately 1.5km to the north east of the potential mineral site. Due to its location, it is possible that the SSSI could be adversely impacted by the effects of dust deposition carried on prevailing winds, however, it is expected that this could be sufficiently mitigated for by use of bowsers and wheel washes at the site (details would be required within a robust Construction Method Statement). The former Sahara Sand quarry (extraction ceased in 1999) lies adjacent to the western boundary of the site. Part of the former quarry is classified as a Regional Important Geological and Geomorphological Sites (RIGS). Part of Basin Wood (County Wildlife Site / ancient woodland) is located adjacent to the northern boundary of the site. In addition, Hanging Wood County Wildlife Site (to the north west) and Morass Wood County Wildlife Site / ancient woodland (to the south) are located in proximity to the land. Ancient woodland is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP) Priority Habitat and care will be needed to ensure its protection during extraction of sand and during restoration processes. This is likely to be in the form of a substantial buffer strip, together with strict control of dust and control of chemical pollutants especially petrochemicals. There are existing records in close proximity to the site for bats, farmland birds, badgers and (in the old quarry) owls, buzzards, kestrels and sparrow hawks. An extended Phase I habitat survey with particular reference to these species should inform any future planning application for mineral extraction at the site. In addition, there are some areas of standing water in ditches surrounding the fields and in the former quarry site adjacent to the west and these should be assessed for their suitability to support great crested newt populations, with appropriate further survey carried out if indicated. There is currently some connectivity across and around the site in the form of hedgerows, which are likely to be used by birds and small mammals for moving in some seclusion between different habitat areas, also by bats for foraging and commuting. Ancient woodlands can be important habitat areas for some of the rarest species of bat in the UK and therefore some bat transect survey work will be required to show how bats are using the landscape features. This information can then be used to design restoration and enhancement of the site. Restoration options should include agricultural use but with enhancement of the woodland areas and strengthening of connectivity between woodland areas. Enhancements as part of the site restoration should aim to meet targets in the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP), with specific benefits for named species, relevant to the species currently found within the site and in the immediate surrounding area.

Site Option C18 ST 972 637 74.5 Soft Sand Agriculture Roundway Down and Covert Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) lies 2km to the north east of the site at its nearest point and is thus considered to be at a sufficient distance as to be unlikely to be adversely impacted as a result of potential operation of the mineral site. The site is however immediately adjacent to Clinghill Wood County Wildlife Site (CWS), and area of Ancient Woodland which is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species, also Ashen Wood CWS, an area of broadleaved mixed and yew woodland. In addition, Horse Lane Farm, Brook Field CWS is wholly within the north eastern part of the site. These are all important areas of habitat that provide connectivity throughout the landscape for wildlife use. It is impossible to replace mature woodland in the short term and by its nature Ancient Woodland habitat is irreplaceable. Consideration of suitable buffer strips around these CWSs and other connective features such as hedgerows and scrub areas will be required to ensure that these habitats are protected and can continue to provide a function for biodiversity.

The site is very close to Rowdeford School which hosts a maternity colony of Lesser Horseshoe bats in an outbuilding. Lesser Horseshoe bats are one of the rarest species in Britain and are therefore listed as an Annex II species and given the strictest protection under the Habitats Regulations 2010. At this location they use the nearby woodland known as Big Wood to the east of the school for foraging. The potentially also commute along hedgerows and tree lines that surround the mineral site, on their way to other pockets of woodland for foraging. Immediately adjacent to the school is another area of wet woodland that is of high enough importance to biodiversity to qualify as a County Wildlife Site and is in the process of being designated as such.

There is at least one small watercourse crossing the site which has the potential to offer further connectivity of habitat and foraging areas for a range of associated species including water voles, otters, bird and bat species. Buffering of watercourses during mineral extraction should be considered.

There are existing records for the area in and around the potential mineral site for badgers, Lesser Horseshoe bats and Serotine bats. There are unconfirmed records of many other species in the area, submitted by local residents concerned about development of the site. Any future planning application for extraction of minerals at this site should be informed by sufficient ecological survey to ensure that a true picture of all ecological issues at the site have been properly addressed. At the very least, an extended Phase I habitat survey with particular respect to badgers should be carried out, together with transect surveys to determine the key flight lines for bat species.

The habitat survey will inform the production of a robust construction method statement that describes strategies for mitigation for individual species wherever required.

Restoration back to agriculture is appropriate for this site. Enhancements for biodiversity gain could include hedgerow augmentation and extension of native woodlands by additional planting. There is an opportunity to enhance riparian habitat along water courses. Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP).

Site Options SE1 – SE3 SE1 – SU231232 16 Soft Sand Agriculture SE2 – SU230227 12.9 Soft Sand Forestry/Agriculture SE3 – SU226229 12.3 Soft Sand Forestry/Agriculture The three components of this site all lie within 1.5km to the north west of the New Forest Special Area of conservation (SAC). The County Ecologist has carried out a test of likely significant effect on the designated features of the European site as a result of operations to extract sand at these sites (see Appendix A) and has concluded that although there is mechanism for pollutants to potentially reach the SAC, since hydrological connectivity exists, suitable mitigation methods could be employed to ensure that this could be prevented. The HRA of the Mineral and Waste Core Strategy1 did not identify any other potentially damaging effects of mineral extraction for this N2K site at this distance.

One parcel of the New Forest Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), designated for its wet meadows interest, lies within 500m to the south west of SE2. In addition, there are several County Wildlife Sites (CWSs) in close proximity to the potential component parts of the mineral site – SE2 lies partly within Lowden’s Copse CWS, designated for its Ancient Woodland interest, while SE3 lies almost entirely within Sandland/Goose Eye Copse CWS, also Ancient Woodland. A third Ancient Woodland CWS, Painter’s Copse, lies a short distance to the south of the site. The southern tip of SE2 is hydrologically connected to the SSSI within 500m by a small watercourse. As the SSSI and some of the surrounding CWSs are dependent on both surface water and ground water levels to maintain their special interest, any planning application for future development of these sites for mineral extraction will need to provide evidence that the mineral workings will not impact on water levels in adjacent areas and that sediments in run-off can be contained within the site boundary.

As parts of the site lie within Flood Zones 2 and 3, strict precautionary measures will be required to ensure that no stockpiling occurs within the floodplain and that the works compound where storage of fuel oils and refuelling processes will take place, is situated beyond the floodplain.

There are existing records of badgers at several locations in close proximity to the site and recently there have been recordings of great crested newts within the Brickworth Quarry site. Any future planning application for extraction at these sites should include an extended phase I habitat survey with particular reference to great crested newts, dormouse, butterflies, bat roosts in trees and bat foraging availability within and around the sites. Phase II species surveys should be conducted as indicated by the Phase I results.

A robust and detailed construction method statement will be required for operation of the site for mineral extraction and for restoration processes. This should address all the issues raised here for sedimentation and pollution and must propose sufficient mitigation to ensure that local wildlife populations are not adversely impacted by the development. If any areas of ancient woodland (either standing or previously felled) are to be removed to facilitate mineral extraction, a strict soil handling strategy will be required to ensure that ancient woodland soils are preserved and can be returned to their original locations, unadulterated by other soils within the site.

Restoration must be phased alongside extraction and should be to managed native woodland and agricultural grazing. In addition, the restoration must aim to deliver targets within the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP). A key focus of the restored site must be connectivity of habitats both within and around the site and also out into the wider countryside area.

1 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 19

Site Option SA1 SU 162 288 19.4 Sand & Gravel Agriculture This site lies immediately adjacent to the River Avon which carries the statutory European designation of Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The County Ecologist has carried out a test of likely significance (see Appendix A) of any adverse impact on the designated features of the SAC, as a result of the operations to extract sand and gravel at the site and concluded that there is currently insufficient information to be able to judge that there will be no likely significant effect. For this site to progress further through the selection process it will be necessary for the applicant to provide sufficiently detailed surveys and searches to establish how the groundwater, flow rate, water levels and water quality would be affected and to provide details of specific mitigation that would remove the risk of adverse impact occurring as a result of mineral extraction operations at the site. This information will be used to conduct a full appropriate assessment under Regulation 61 of the Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010. If the Appropriate Assessment can show that sand and gravel extraction on this site can be achieved without significant adverse impact on the designated features of the European site, restoration should be to wetland that will provide enhanced habitat for the SAC features, especially Desmoulin’s whorl snail and otter. In addition, the restoration should aim to provide increased flood storage capacity for this part of the catchment. Part of the potential site also carries the non statutory local sites designation of County Wildlife Site (CWS) for its neutral grassland plant assemblage (a UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat). Although believed to be in sub optimal condition at the present time, CWSs are protected through policy and if the site were to progress for mineral extraction, it would be expected that either the CWS area was avoided, or the topsoil from this area stored separately and replaced within the CWS boundary, followed by suitable enhancement that would ensure it can be restored to a favourable condition when extraction operations are complete. A significant level of ecological survey will be required to inform any future planning application for mineral extraction on this site. These will consist of Phase I and Phase II habitat surveys to assess the ecological habitat value, particularly any wetland features that should be maintained or restored, together with otter, water vole and great crested newt surveys and any other species surveys as indicated by the Phase I assessment.

Site Option SA2 SU 180 256 63.9 Sand & Gravel Agriculture Extraction Site This site lies within 200m to the north east of the River Avon which carries the statutory European designation of Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The County Ecologist has carried out a test of likely significance (see Appendix A) of any adverse impact on the designated features of the SAC, as a result of the operations to extract sand and gravel at the site and concluded that there is currently insufficient information to be able to judge that there will be no likely significant effect. For this site to progress further through the selection process it will be necessary for the applicant to provide sufficiently detailed surveys and searches to establish how the groundwater, flow rate, water levels and water quality would be affected and to provide details of specific mitigation that would remove the risk of adverse impact occurring as a result of mineral extraction operations at the site. This information will be used to conduct a full appropriate assessment under Regulation 61 of the Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010. If the Appropriate Assessment can show that sand and gravel extraction on this site can be achieved without significant adverse impact on the designated features of the European site, restoration should be to wet grassland, floodplain grazing marsh that will provide enhanced habitat for the SAC features, especially Desmoulin’s whorl snail and otter, both of which are currently recorded in the area between the site and the river. There are two County Wildlife Sites (CWS) immediately adjacent to the south east of the site – Top Moor CWS, selected for its MG9 botanical assemblage and 6 parcels of the River Avon South CWS selected for its riparian interest. Due to the complex pattern of ditches and drains to the south east of the site, the operations could also impact on the Standlynch Dairy Meadows (3 parcels) which are selected for their Neutral Grassland habitat. All these habitats are listed as UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority habitats and should be protected from adverse impacts of development (including mineral extraction). There are numerous existing records in the immediate vicinity of the site for badgers, great crested newts, bats, grass snakes, adders and slow worms.

Haul Road Part of the potential haul road that could service the mineral site lies directly adjacent to the Treasurer’sDean Wood CWS, an block of ancient woodland for which there are existing records for several of species of bat, including the very rare Annex II Barbastelle species. It is likely that this woodland forms part of a wider commuting corridor of woodland parcels that were once contiguous. As such it is important to conserve these habitat areas without additional adverse impacts. The potential haul road is a public Right of Way frequently used by local walkers and horse riders. Many sections are tree lined on both sides, with the trees arching over the top to produce a tunnel effect, which provides an excellent foraging route for bats as the trees are hotspots for a significant number of insect prey eaten by bats. At one point the pathway passes under a small brick built railway bridge which is too low to allow the passage of lorries under it. There is significant potential for this bridge to offer roosting opportunities for a range of bat species. A significant level of ecological survey would need to be carried out to inform any future planning application in relation to extraction of minerals at this site. These would include Phase I and II surveys of the extraction site and the haul road route, with particular reference to otters, water voles, Desmoulin’s whorl snail, great crested newts, reptiles, dormice and bats, all of which are recorded within the immediate area. If the site were permitted, restoration would also be expected to address enhancement of habitat for these species and any others found during surveys, in line with specific targets within the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan.

Site Option BA4 ST 911 167 33.3 Sand & Gravel Agriculture Inwood County Wildlife Site (CWS) is located almost entirely within the boundary of the potential mineral site. It is designated for its Ancient Woodland interest (a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Habitat), although only approximately 20 – 25% of the CWS has remained as standing Ancient Woodland. The remainder has possibly been felled as part of previous sand and gravel extraction at the site during the 1970s. There are numerous ponds and a network of ditches and drains crossing the site, together with hedgerow field boundaries, areas of scrub and small copses, all of which may offer suitable habitat for great crested newts, water voles, otters, bats, native birds and badgers. The land to the immediate west of the site consists of a complex of ponds currently in use as a commercial fishing enterprise. Hence the potential mineral site and the surrounding area may offer important terrestrial habitat for great crested newts moving between breeding ponds and foraging areas for water voles and otters. Ancient woodland is often found to support some of Britain’s rarest bat species, particularly where sites are relatively undisturbed and there is good connectivity to other adjacent habitats. In addition to the above, the (Bristol) River Avon CWS flows in proximity to the eastern boundary of the site at a distance of approximately 100m at its closest point and although separated from the potential mineral site by the main A350 trunk road, hydrological connectivity between the site and the river exists as drains that carry surface water. There are no existing species records for the potential mineral site, although a lack of records should not be taken as an indication of absence of species as this situation is more likely due to the area never having been surveyed.

Any future planning application for mineral extraction at this site should be informed by an extended Phase I habitat survey with particular reference to the species listed above. In particular, the soils within the CWS parts of the site should be analysed and assessed for their relevance to and potential as Ancient Woodland seed banks, which may indicate appropriate restoration of the site. It is expected that remaining blocks of ancient woodland will be retained on the site, along with hedgerows and copses. Retention of at least some of the ponds, or provision of new ponds in the restoration plan will depend on the results of great crested newt surveys for the site.

A robust construction method statement will be required that shows clearly how wildlife species found during the survey work to be inhabiting the site will be protected during the mineral extraction operations and during the restoration works. The document should give details of how the nearby River Avon CWS will be protected from pollution events during extraction and restoration.

Proposals for restoration must aim to meet targets for named habitats and species in the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (WBAP) and be relevant to those species currently present on the site or within the immediately surrounding area. Suitable enhancements as part of the restoration will include increase of connectivity of wildlife corridors between habitat types and buffering of some habitat areas to increase the seclusion available to those species currently inhabiting the site.

APPENDIX A

Habitats Regulations Tests of Likely Significant Effects on European Sites

The Habitats Regulation Assessment Report for the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework, carried out by Enfusion/C4S in July 2008 provides conclusions on the likely significant effects of mineral extraction sites on European statutory designated sites and recommendations to be implemented at the Development Plan Document stage.

The Core Strategy HRA document determined the predicted impacts of mineral extraction sites on the features of each European designated site, based on the sensitivities of those features as documented in the site information given by the Joint Nature Conservancy Council. (This information is given in Appendix 4 of the Habitats Regulations Assessment for the Minerals and Waste Core Strategies & Development Control Policies: Submission Reports July 20082).

For each European site the HRA concludes a distance below which it cannot be certain that a likely significant effect will not result from the operation of a mineral extraction site. Those distances are as follows:

Avon Valley SPA - Less than 500m Avon Valley Ramsar site - Less than 500m Bath & Bradford on Avon Bat SAC - Less than 2km Chilmark Quarries SAC - Less than 500m Mottisfont Bats SAC - Less than 500m New Forest SAC - Less than 2km New Forest SPA - Less than 500m New Forest Ramsar site - Less than 500m North Meadow & Clattinger Farm SAC - Less than 2km Porton Down SPA - Less than 500m River Avon SAC - Less than 2km Salisbury Plain SAC - Less than 500m Salisbury Plain SPA - Less than 500m

None of the proposed locations for mineral extraction are within a designated European site, although one is immediately adjacent (SA1 Land at Petersfinger). Following Enfusion/C4S conclusions on distances at which operations associated with the extraction of minerals could adversely affect European sites, there are two potential mineral sites falling within 2km of the River Avon SAC, one potential mineral site (made up of three parcels) falling within 2km of the New Forest SAC and three that fall within 2km of North Meadow and Clattinger Farm SAC and which could therefore be likely to result in a significant adverse effect on the designated features of the European site. These are:

River Avon SAC SA1 – Land at Petersfinger, Salisbury SA2 – Land near Alderbury Farm, Salisbury

New Forest SAC SE1, SE2 & SE3 – Land at Whiteparish

2 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 23

North Meadow & Clattinger Farm SAC U7 – Land east of Calcutt U9 – Land near Latton U22 – Land west of Cotswold Community

The criteria for determining significant effect is based on the likelihood of the predicted impacts for each of the designated features of a particular European site actually occurring, when taking into account all other biotic and abiotic factors.

The format used for the Test of Likely Significance pro forma is that used by Wiltshire Council’s ecologists for all planning applications that have the potential to result in an adverse effect on a European site. The pro forma is accepted by Natural England as suitable procedure for this purpose and is self explanatory.

In all cases the conclusions were that the proposals would not result in a significant adverse effect on a European site, in some cases after additional mitigation or constraints. Recommendations are given for any special considerations for determination of the planning permission.

Where it is stated that there will be no likely significant effect on the designated features of a European site, either it is clear that there is no mechanism for impact, or the impact is so slight as to be insignificant, or this conclusion has been reached after consideration of available mitigation that will remove the potential adverse impacts. Where mitigation is crucial to the mineral operation continuing without risk of adverse impact, recommendations for the inclusion of this mitigation are given in the final section of the pro forma. Developers and planners are strongly advised to give due regard to the importance of these recommendations in order to avoid a breach of the European legislation.

The Test of Likely Significance pro formas are set out for each of the sites in the following pages.

SA1 – Land at Petersfinger

Plate 1. Aerial photograph of the site showing location in relation to the River Avon SAC

Plate 2. Location map showing proposed site in relation to flood zones 2 and 3

ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON A EUROPEAN SITE This is a record of the judgement by Wiltshire Council, required under Regulation 61 of the Habitats Regulations 2010 as to the “likely significant effect”, if any, of proposed mineral extraction locations on one or more European protected sites.

PART A: THE PROPOSAL National Grid Reference SU 161 289 (centroid) Name of Site SA1 Land near Petersfinger Farm, Salisbury Site option is in agricultural use, with an existing sewage treatment facility located adjacent to the south west boundary of the land. The northern boundary lies adjacent to the A36. The site is in close proximity to the city of Salisbury. European Sites that could be affected by the Distance of proposed allocation from proposals European Site River Avon SAC 0m. The potential mineral site abuts the River • Component SSSIs - Avon SAC. o River Till o River Avon System o Porton Meadows o Lower Woodford Water Meadows o Jones' Mill List of 1. Cottus gobio Bullhead. European Site 2. Salmo salar Atlantic salmon. interest 3. Lampetra planeri Brook lamprey. features 4. Petromyzon marinus Sea lamprey. 5. Vertigo moulinsiana Desmoulin`s whorl snail. 6. Water courses of plain to montane Rivers with floating vegetation often levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis dominated by water-crowfoot. and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation 7. Alkaline fens Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens. 8. Austropotamobius pallipes White-clawed (or Atlantic stream) crayfish. 9. Lutra lutra Otter. 10. Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa Alder woodland on floodplains. and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) Key ecological The River Avon system is considered to be one of the most biodiverse in features that lowland Britain, with exceptionally rich flora, fish and invertebrate fauna. There support is concern that the cumulative impacts of increasingly intensive land use are European Site causing problems of reduced water quality and flow which, especially where integrity combined with insensitive engineering and/or management are significantly affecting the ecology. External factors such as deep sea salmon fishing and water resource on a regional basis are impacting on the ecology. At present the most directly influential factor on the Upper Avon is salmonid fishery management (including bank stabilisation, fish stocking, control of predators/competitors, weed cutting and bank vegetation cutting). On the lower Avon, management is more directed to land drainage, through manipulation of water flows and weed cutting, although fishery management is carried out. The operation of hatches, sluices etc have a significant influence throughout the system.

PART B: ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS What potential hazards are likely to affect the interest features?

Potential hazard3 Potential exposure to hazard and Existing or additional possible mechanism of effect/impact if mitigation to remove/reduce known the hazard 1. Changes in water Run off from site operations could The site is almost entirely within chemistry alter the water chemistry within the flood zone 3 making the risk of river through disturbance of flooding a significant factor for topsoils and possible release of consideration. It is not certain nutrients within the topsoil, into the that suitable bunding of the water environment, since the area operational site could be achieved is currently in agricultural use and to prevent run-off reaching the grazed by cattle. Changes in water SAC, since the river appears to chemistry could result in the be an integral part of the formation of barriers to migration groundwater hydraulics where for fish species, reduced suitability sand and gravel overlie chalk. of spawning and nursery beds It is therefore not possible to state within the river, reduced suitability with certainty that mitigation could for macrophytes, especially prevent run-off reaching the SAC Ranunculus species, reduced suitability of the emergent vegetation to support Desmoulin’s whorl snail and reduced suitability of the water column and river bed for white clawed crayfish. 2. Changes in Fish eggs and larvae, aquatic Chalk streams of the Upper Avon hydrology (water macrophytes, Desmoulin’s whorl catchment are generally well levels, flow rate, snail and white clawed crayfish are connected to the underlying groundwater) all dependent for their survival on aquifers, providing baseflow to water levels and flow rate. the river system4. This implies Changes in these conditions could that the river appears to be an result in reduced populations of integral part of the groundwater these species in the short term and hydraulics and cannot be in the long term a reduction in the separated without serious impact likelihood that these species would to water levels and flow rate, be able to reach their optimum since the sand and gravel that population size. would be extracted are themselves an integral part of the local hydrology. It is therefore not possible to state with certainty that mitigation could prevent changes in hydrology. 2. Increased turbidity Silt run off from site could result in Silt run off from the site would increased turbidity and fish deaths need to be controlled by from gill damage. Macrophytes, delineation and enforcement of a white clawed crayfish and suitable stand-off from the top of Desmoulin’s whorl snail are also the river bank. It would also be likely to be adversely affected by necessary to ensure that no

3 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 4 URS Scott Wilson, March 2011, “Wiltshire Council Surface Water Management Plan – Phase I & II – Draft Report . 27

increased turbidity as oxygen stockpiles or earth bunds were levels in the water column would placed within the floodplain, even be reduced as a result. Even a temporarily. As the site is within moderate flooding event could flood zone 3, it is likely that flood result in adverse impact. events could be frequent in some winters. The above constraints could make the site unviable for extraction. 3. Pollution of Spillage of fuels etc could reach A robust management plan for the watercourse the watercourse via run off in wet operation of the site should weather or during flood events. address bunded storage of all fuels and other potentially pollutant substances, beyond the floodplain. 4. Suffocation Wind borne dust deposition, Dust control would be difficult particularly on slow-flowing without the risk of increasing backwater stretches, may result in siltation from run-off. However, suffocation of macrophytes and the site is to the north east of the invertebrate species in extreme SAC and the prevailing wind is cases. Dust particles can also be from the south west, so that dust ingested by fish, becoming caught would normally be blown away in gills and blocking digestive tracts from the river rather than towards resulting in fish deaths. it. 5. Disturbance Light spillage onto the SAC may Most otter activity is during the result in disturbance to otters and hours of darkness and fish possibly to fish migration during the migration of the species for which spawning season, if operations this site is designated tends to continue during hours of darkness. occur in late evening or overnight Migratory fish are also sensitive to (when risk of predation is vibration and may be prevented lowered). The operational hours from up-river migration to their of the site are unlikely to continue spawning grounds. beyond nightfall in normal conditions. During winter months when it is dark earlier, otter and fish movements are generally less frequent. Disturbance is therefore unlikely although still possible. Additional restrictions on operational times could be imposed via condition of planning permission, particularly in regard to security lights during the hours of darkness.

to suggest that the baseflow of the river is heavily dependent on and inextricably linked to the groundwater flow within the catchment. Any interruption of the normal groundwater flow regime could result in an adverse impact on the flow rate and water levels within the SAC, which most of the features for which the river is designated depend on for their continued survival and population levels.

b) In combination with other plans or projects? Uncertain The adjacent Sewage Treatment Works discharges into the River Avon SAC and this could combine with the effects of run-off and increased turbidity resulting from mineral extraction, to significantly alter water chemistry within this stretch of the river. The dynamic nature of rivers is such that further cumulative impacts would be likely to occur downstream.

Conclusion: Is the proposal likely to have a significant effect on a European Site? (Include justification) Uncertain The site is almost entirely within flood zone 3. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that the baseflow of the river is heavily dependent on and inextricably linked to the groundwater flow within the catchment. Any interruption of the normal groundwater flow regime could result in an adverse impact on the flow rate and water levels within the SAC, which most of the features for which the river is designated depend on for their continued survival and population levels. More information is needed in relation to possible mitigation techniques that would effectively address these issues. Without this information it is not possible to state that this operation could proceed without resulting in significant adverse effects on the designated features of the SAC.

Recommendations: For this site to progress further through the selection process it will be necessary for the applicant to provide sufficiently detailed surveys and searches to establish how the groundwater, flow rate, water levels and water quality would be affected and to provide details of specific mitigation that would remove the risk of adverse impact occurring as a result of mineral extraction operations at the site. This information will be used to conduct a full appropriate assessment under Regulation 61 of the Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010. If the Appropriate Assessment shows that effective mitigation could be implemented to ensure that sand and gravel extraction on this site can be achieved without significant adverse impact on the designated features of the European site, restoration should be to wetland that will provide enhanced habitat for the SAC features, especially Desmoulin’s whorl snail and otter. In addition, the restoration should aim to provide increased flood storage capacity for this part of the catchment.

Name of Officer(s) Fiona Elphick making the Principal Ecologist, Wiltshire Council assessment

Date May 2011

SA2 Land near Alderbury Farm

Plate 1. Aerial photograph of the site showing location in relation to the River Avon SAC

Plate 2. Location map showing proposed site in relation to flood zones 2 and 3

PART A: THE PROPOSAL National Grid Reference SU 180 257 (centroid) Name of Site SA2 Land near Alderbury Farm Site in agricultural use, located approximately 3.5km south east of Salisbury. The A338 is located on the opposite side of the River Avon, approximately 550m to the west. The A36 (which could be linked via 1.5km haul road) to the east. European Sites that could be affected by the Distance of proposed allocation from proposals European Site River Avon SAC Parts of the potential mineral site lie within • Component SSSIs - 200m of the River Avon SAC. o River Till o River Avon System o Porton Meadows o Lower Woodford Water Meadows o Jones' Mill List of 1. Cottus gobio Bullhead. European Site 1. Salmo salar Atlantic salmon. interest 2. Lampetra planeri Brook lamprey. features 3. Petromyzon marinus Sea lamprey. 4. Vertigo moulinsiana Desmoulin`s whorl snail. 5. Water courses of plain to montane Rivers with floating vegetation often levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis dominated by water-crowfoot. and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation 6. Alkaline fens Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens. 7. Austropotamobius pallipes White-clawed (or Atlantic stream) crayfish. 8. Lutra lutra Otter. 9. Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa Alder woodland on floodplains. and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) Key ecological The River Avon system is considered to be one of the most biodiverse in features that lowland Britain, with exceptionally rich flora, fish and invertebrate fauna. There support is concern that the cumulative impacts of increasingly intensive land use are European Site causing problems of reduced water quality and flow which, especially where integrity combined with insensitive engineering and/or management are significantly affecting the ecology. External factors such as deep sea salmon fishing and water resource on a regional basis are impacting on the ecology. At present the most directly influential factor on the Upper Avon is salmonid fishery management (including bank stabilisation, fish stocking, control of predators/competitors, weed cutting and bank vegetation cutting). On the lower Avon, management is more directed to land drainage, through manipulation of water flows and weed cutting, although fishery management is carried out. The operation of hatches, sluices etc have a significant influence throughout the system.

PART B: ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS What potential hazards are likely to affect the interest features?

Potential hazard5 Potential exposure to hazard and Existing or additional possible mechanism of effect/impact if mitigation to remove/reduce known the hazard 1. Changes in water The general topography of the area The site is almost entirely within chemistry is such that the land within the flood zone 3 making the risk of proposed site slopes gently down flooding a significant factor for towards the river so that increased consideration. In addition, the surface water after wet weather area between the potential events would run towards the mineral site and the SAC watercourse. Run off from site comprises an extensive and operations could alter the water complex system of drains and chemistry within the river through ditches feeding into the River disturbance of topsoils and Avon. possible release of nutrients within It is not certain that suitable the topsoil, into the water bunding of the operational site environment, since the area is could be achieved to prevent run- currently in agricultural use and off reaching the SAC, since the grazed by horses (possibly also by river appears to be an integral cattle). Changes in water part of the groundwater hydraulics chemistry could result in the where sand and gravel overlie formation of barriers to migration chalk. for fish species, reduced suitability It is therefore not possible to state of spawning and nursery beds with certainty that mitigation could within the river, reduced suitability prevent run-off reaching the SAC for macrophytes, especially Ranunculus species, reduced suitability of the emergent vegetation to support Desmoulin’s whorl snail and reduced suitability of the water column and river bed for white clawed crayfish. 2. Changes in Fish eggs and larvae, aquatic Chalk streams of the Upper Avon hydrology (water macrophytes, Desmoulin’s whorl catchment are generally well levels, flow rate, snail and white clawed crayfish are connected to the underlying groundwater) all dependent for their survival on aquifers, providing baseflow to water levels and flow rate. the river system6. This implies Changes in these conditions could that the river appears to be an result in reduced populations of integral part of the groundwater these species in the short term and hydraulics and cannot be in the long term a reduction in the separated without serious impact likelihood that these species would to water levels and flow rate, be able to reach their optimum since the sand and gravel that population size. would be extracted are themselves an integral part of the local hydrology. It is therefore not possible to state

5Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 6 URS Scott Wilson, March 2011, “Wiltshire Council Surface Water Management Plan – Phase I & II – Draft Report 32

with certainty that mitigation could prevent changes in hydrology. 2. Increased turbidity Silt run off from site could result in Silt run off from the site would increased turbidity and fish deaths need to be controlled sufficiently from gill damage. Macrophytes, to prevent silt entering the white clawed crayfish and complex system of ditches and Desmoulin’s whorl snail are also drains and subsequently reaching likely to be adversely affected by the main river. It would also be increased turbidity as oxygen necessary to ensure that no levels in the water column would stockpiles or earth bunds were be reduced as a result. Even a placed within the floodplain, even moderate flooding event could temporarily to avoid the risk of result in adverse impact. materials being picked up and carried into the river by floodwaters. As the site is within flood zone 3, it is likely that flood events could be frequent in some winters. The above constraints could make the site unviable for extraction. 3. Pollution of Spillage of fuels etc could reach A robust management plan for the watercourse the watercourse via run off in wet operation of the site should weather or during flood events. address bunded storage of all This could result in deleterious fuels and other potentially impacts on riparian floral and pollutant substances, beyond the faunal species due to toxic floodplain. poisoning and reduced oxygen availability. 4. Suffocation Wind borne dust deposition, Dust control would be difficult particularly on slow-flowing without the risk of increasing backwater stretches, may result in siltation from run-off. However, suffocation of macrophytes and the site is to the north east of the invertebrate species in extreme SAC and the prevailing wind is cases. Dust particles can also be from the south west, so that dust ingested by fish, becoming caught would normally be blown away in gills and blocking digestive tracts from the river rather than towards resulting in fish deaths. it. 5. Disturbance Light spillage onto the SAC may Most otter activity is during the result in disturbance to otters if hours of darkness. The operations continue during hours of operational hours of the site are darkness. Any lighting sited on the unlikely to continue beyond mineral site has the potential to nightfall in normal conditions. travel over long distances due to During winter months when it is the topography of the surrounding dark earlier, otter movements are area. The foraging range of otters generally less frequent. can be extensive. Disturbance is therefore unlikely although still possible. Additional restrictions on operational times could be imposed via condition of planning permission, particularly in regard to security lights during the hours of darkness.

PART C: CONCLUSION Is the potential scale or magnitude of any effect likely to be significant? a) Alone? Uncertain (explain conclusion e.g. in relation to de minimus criteria) The site is predominantly within flood zone 3 and is likely to be affected by flood events, therefore the potential for materials to be picked up and carried in the river is significant. This could affect water quality by increasing turbidity and changing water chemistry which could have a deleterious effect on macrophytes, Desmoulin’s whorl snail, fish eggs and larvae and on white clawed crayfish, all of which rely on the stability of the water chemistry for their survival. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that the baseflow of the river is heavily dependent on and inextricably linked to the groundwater flow within the catchment. Any interruption of the normal groundwater flow regime could result in an adverse impact on the flow rate and water levels within the SAC, which most of the features for which the river is designated depend on for their continued survival and population levels.

b) In combination with other plans or projects? No. No other plans or projects have been identified within the same zone of impact, that could combine with this development to result in a significant adverse effect on the European site.

Conclusion: Is the proposal likely to have a significant effect on a European Site? (Include justification) Uncertain The site is almost entirely within flood zone 3. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that the baseflow of the river is heavily dependent on and inextricably linked to the groundwater flow within the catchment. Any interruption of the normal groundwater flow regime could result in an adverse impact on the flow rate and water levels within the SAC, which most of the features for which the river is designated depend on for their continued survival and population levels. More information is needed in relation to possible mitigation techniques that would address these issues. Without this information it is not possible to state that this operation could proceed without resulting in significant adverse effects on the designated features of the SAC.

Name of Officer(s) Fiona Elphick making the Principal Ecologist, Wiltshire Council assessment

Date May 2011

SE1, SE2, SE3 – Land Near Brickworth Quarry, Whiteparish

Plate 1. Aerial photograph of the site location

Plate 2. Location map showing proposed site in relation to flood zones 2 and 3

PART A: THE PROPOSAL National Grid Reference SE1 – SU231232 SE2 – SU230227 SE3 – SU226229 (centroids) Name of Site SE1, SE2, SE3 – Land near Brickworth Quarry, Whiteparish These three site options lie in proximity to Brickworth Quarry, to the south west of the village of Whiteparish. Site SE1, currently occupied by agricultural uses, is located between the A27 and A36. Sites SE2 and SE3, predominantly used for forestry, are situated to the south of the A36. European Sites that could be Distance of proposed allocation from European Site affected by the proposals

New Forest SAC • Component SSSIs SE1 lies 1.4km from the SAC at its nearest point o The New Forest SE2 lies 1.1km from the SAC at its nearest point o Langley Wood and SE3 lies 1.4km from the SAC at its nearest point Homan’s Copse o Roydon Woods o Whiteparish Common o Loosehanger Copse and Meadows o Landford Bog List of 1. Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains European Site (Littorelletalia uniflorae) interest Nutrient-poor shallow waters with aquatic vegetation on sandy plains. features 2. Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath. 3. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion Depressions on peat substrates. 4. European dry heaths Dry heaths. 5. Bog woodland Bog woodland. 6. Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains Dry oak-dominated woodland. 7. Coenagrion mercuriale Southern damselfly. 8. Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion) Beech forests on acid soils. 9. Lucanus cervus 36

Stag beetle. 10. Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) Alder woodland on floodplains. 11. Transition mires and quaking bogs Very wet mires often identified by an unstable `quaking` surface. 12. Triturus cristatus Great crested newt. 13. Alkaline fens Calcium-rich springwater-fed fens. 14. Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae) Purple moor-grass meadows. 15. Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea Clear-water lakes or lochs with aquatic vegetation and poor to moderate nutrient levels. 16. Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests Beech forests on neutral to rich soils. Key ecological Oligotrophic Waters - Maintenance of a natural hydrological regime including features that water levels and flushing rates of the system is crucial to the management of support this habitat. Sediment quality and quantity when enriched, or smothering base European Site sediments are likely to cause increases in species indicative of more integrity mesotrophic or eutrophic conditions. The sedimentary regime must therefore stay within acceptable limits.

Water quality has a direct impact on this habitat and the management of this site should ensure water quality is kept within acceptable levels, particularly in regards to the total phosphorous level.

Heaths - Active management is required to control undesirable domination by bracken, gorse and/or scrub and tree encroachment. Appropriate heathland management includes grazing and the control of invasive species.

Maintenance of hydrological conditions is important as wet heaths require wet soils during winter with a dry surface in summer. Maintenance of water quality helps to maintain the oligotrophic character of the habitat.

Molinia Meadows - Appropriate management aims to maintain sward composition and ensure positive indicator species are present. The height, litter and bare ground elements of the sward structure need to be maintained and invasive species controlled or eradicated. Hydrology, water quality and air quality must be maintained.

Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion - The habitat occurs on humid, bare or recently exposed peat. Less than 1% of this should be due to intensive stock management or human activities. The vegetation structure must be maintained low and open in which Rhynchospora can flourish. Vegetation composition and mosaic form should be kept within acceptable limits. Rhynchosporion is dependent on oligotrophic unpolluted water and is vulnerable to eutrophication or pollution. The water quality of percolating or other groundwater must therefore be kept within acceptable levels. Water levels should be kept consistently high and not fluctuate greatly with the mire surface being soft and wet all year round. Artificial drainage channels which can adversely affect hydrology must be prevented. Trees and/or scrub either on the mire itself of on its catchment should not be allowed to adversely affect the mire hydrology.

Woodlands - Natural woodland processes, a diverse woodland structure, tree regeneration potential and a diverse age structure must all be maintained, alongside the control of invasive species and support of characteristic species and habitat types.

PART B: ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS What potential hazards are likely to affect the interest features?

Potential hazard7 Potential exposure to hazard and Existing or additional possible mechanism of effect/impact if mitigation to remove/reduce known the hazard 1. Changes in water Run off from site operations could The HRA for the Minerals & chemistry alter the water chemistry within the Waste Core Strategy did not river through disturbance of consider that the European site is topsoils and possible release of sufficiently close to the potential nutrients within the topsoil, into the mineral site for any possible surrounding water environment (i.e. impacts on water chemistry to groundwater, surface water affect the site. including rivers and streams). This is particularly relevant in areas where the main land use is agricultural. Where hydrological connectivity exists between the potential mineral site and the European site, changes in the water chemistry may alter the balance of nutrients available and may have a deleterious effect on some species that are key components of the habitat type by making the environment less favourable for their population success. This in turn may alter the assemblage of faunal species that are reliant on the integrity of the habitat type. 2. Changes in Reduction in water levels within the The HRA for the Minerals & hydrology (water European site and in the immediate Waste Core Strategy did not levels, flow rate, surrounding area are likely to have consider that the European site is groundwater) a deleterious effect on the extent of sufficiently close to the potential the habitats for which the SAC is mineral site for any possible designated, as the soils will impacts on hydrology to affect the become drier some key indicator site. plant species are likely not to continue to survive there, thus changing the balance of the assemblage of botanical species present, which may further impact on the hydrology. Imbalance in water levels may also present

7 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 38

opportunities for invasive non- native plant species to establish, further altering the botanical assemblage. Dewatering of mineral pits may cause draw down in surrounding groundwater levels.

3. Changes in Changes to sediment quality and The HRA for the Minerals & siltation regime quantity could result in oligotrophic Waste Core Strategy did not habitats becoming more consider that the European site is mesotrophic or eutrophic, sufficiently close to the potential especially where sediment has mineral site for any possible originated from agricultural land. impacts on the siltation regime to The siltation regime could be affect the site. altered by the excavation of sand and gravel pits, making greater volumes of silt available for transportation via connective water courses. In flood events, or periods of wet weather, excessive silt availability for uptake by floodwaters could result in excessive silt deposition further downstream, within the SAC, where it may cause smothering of the vegetation assemblage. All these effects could result in deletion of some key indicator plant species. 4. Liquid Pollution of watercourses and A robust management plan for the Pollution/Water groundwater from the spillage of operation of the site should pollution fuels etc could carry downstream to address bunded storage of all the European site where it could fuels and other potentially result in toxic effects on both faunal pollutant substances, outside the and floral species, floodplain. 5. Suffocation by Extraction of minerals from the The HRA of the Core Strategy dust/emissions or ground can result in an increase of considered that the potential particulates. particulate matter and dust in the mineral site is sufficiently far from air, together with emissions from the European site that suffocation site machinery. Deposition on any by dust/emissions or particulate of the habitats within the SAC may matter is unlikely to occur as a cause deletion of individual species result of excavation of the mineral through toxic effects or through site. Prevailing winds are from lack of oxygen. This in turn results the south west and as the in an imbalance of the species European site is to the south east assemblage for which the site has of the potential mineral site, dust been selected. is unlikely to reach the site and therefore will not impact on the designated features.

6. Disturbance Noise, light and vibration may deter The HRA of the Core Strategy (noise/vibration/light) species such as the Southern considered that the potential Damsel Fly and the Great Crested mineral site is sufficiently far from Newt from using their normal the European site that noise, breeding habitat and therefore vibration and light will not result in cause a reduction in the numbers adverse impact on the designated of individuals of this species within features of the European site. the SAC.

PART C: CONCLUSION Is the potential scale or magnitude of any effect likely to be significant? a) Alone? NO (explain conclusion e.g. in relation to de minimus criteria) The potential mineral site is sufficiently distant from the European site that most of the potential impacts listed above would not result in any significant adverse effect on the designated features of the site. There is mechanism for the transport of polluted waters to reach the European site via the connectivity of streams and ditches between the two sites, however, a robust construction method statement can be agreed with the County Ecologist that will ensure sufficient mitigation can be put in place to prevent impact on the designated species. b) In combination with other plans or projects? No It is unlikely that all three parts of this site (SE1, SE2 and SE3) will be worked at the same time as these will in effect be extensions of the current works at Brickworth Quarry, since SE2 and SE3 are immediately adjacent to Brickworth and SE1 is only a short distance away to the north east. Mitigation for each site to prevent transport of pollution via watercourses reaching the New Forest SAC, would ensure that there will be no cumulative effect on the features of the SAC. The number of mineral sites operational within close proximity to each other at any one time should be taken into consideration at the planning application stage and the order of phasing and rate of restoration carefully assessed as part of the planning decision. There is currently no mechanism for this site to add to any cumulative effect on the New Forest SAC in combination with other plans and projects.

Conclusion: Is the proposal likely to have a significant effect on a European Site? (Include justification) No. The three components of this site are sufficiently far from the European site that their operation for mineral extraction will not result in any significant adverse impact on the designated features of the site. There is mechanism for water pollution to reach the N2K site via hydrological connectivity, however this can be effectively mitigated against by the use of sedimats and filters. Recommendations: A robust construction method statement for each component part of the site must address the use of mitigation to prevent pollutants reaching the European site. Special consideration should be given to phasing of both extraction and restoration to ensure that large parts of the collective sites are not actively worked together at any one time.

Name of Officer(s) Fiona Elphick making the Principal Ecologist, Wiltshire Council assessment

Date May 2011

U7 Land East of Calcutt

Plate 1. Aerial photograph of the site location

Plate 2. Location map showing proposed site in relation to flood zones 2 and 3

PART A: THE PROPOSAL National Grid Reference SU 119 938 Name of Site U7 – Land East of Calcutt The site option, currently occupied by agricultural uses, lies adjacent to the A419. The nearest settlements to the site are Cricklade and Castle Eaton. European Sites that could be affected by the Distance of proposed allocation from proposals European Site North Meadow and Clattinger Farm SAC At its nearest point, the site is 1.1km from the • Component SSSIs - SAC (at North Meadow) o Clattinger Farm o North Meadow, Cricklade List of Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) European Site interest features

Key ecological The SAC is considered to be one of the best areas in the UK for unimproved features that lowland hay meadow (Alopecurus pratensis and Sanguisorba officinalis), with a support rich variety of grasses and hay meadow flowers. North Meadow supports European Site Britain’s largest population of snake’s head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris), which integrity is now rare throughout its range, representing >90% of the UK population. The plant species are important in supporting carried insects and birdlife, including waders in winter. The species-rich unimproved hay meadows are on moderately fertile soils of river and tributary floodplains. Seasonal flooding maintains an input of nutrients and is vital for the integrity of the site and the variety of flora present.

Management plans (involving Wiltshire Wildlife Trust & Natural England) are in place for North Meadows and Clattinger Farm, to secure the long-term conservation of the meadows. The unimproved grassland habitat is maintained by traditional agricultural practices of late summer hay cutting (removed before water levels prohibit use of heavy vehicles), followed by cattle grazing until Spring, or seasonal light grazing with cattle.

The vegetation is vulnerable to inappropriate agricultural practices. Management of traditional hay meadows are uneconomical and require financial support.

Water abstraction (including existing licensed abstractions) may potentially affect the water table and the seasonal flooding in the water meadows.

The SAC is close to high levels of traffic on major roads around Swindon. Nitrogen deposition may be close to, or have exceeded the critical levels for adverse effects on the unimproved grasslands.

Invasive plant species are a potential threat to the native meadow flora.

PART B: ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS What potential hazards are likely to affect the interest features?

Potential hazard8 Potential exposure to hazard and Existing or additional possible mechanism of effect/impact if mitigation to remove/reduce known the hazard Changes to the water Dewatering of extraction pits The potential mineral extraction table and flooding causing draw-down in the site is within the Ampney Brook regime surrounding area could change the catchment, while the SAC is water table levels within the SAC, within the adjacent Churn River resulting in a change in the catchment. There is therefore no community composition of the flora hydrological connectivity between of the site, due to lack of water the mineral site and the SAC and causing local extinction of some changes in water levels within the species that are key indicators for Ampney Brook catchment, as a the grassland type that is the result of the mineral extraction designated feature. cannot affect water levels in the Bunded top soil and other materials Churn River catchment. may hinder free drainage of the Although there is no mechanism surrounding area causing possible for direct impact on the SAC as a prolonged inundation of the SAC result of gravel extraction at this grassland after flood events, site, precautionary measures to resulting in loss of floral species ensure the protection of local due to lack of oxygen to the root groundwater could include each systems. gravel extraction pit within a phased programme at the mineral site being clay lined (using best available technology) to a standard such that dewatering of individual pits will not have any effect on surrounding ground water levels. Additionally, as part of the potential mineral site is within Flood Zone 3, any stored top soil or extracted gravel stockpiles should be stored beyond the floodplain and designed with large gaps to allow free drainage of floodwater. Ground or surface Contaminated run off from fuels The flow of groundwater within the water pollution used in extraction machinery and catchment is generally from north transport vehicles could be carried west to south east. As the SAC is into groundwater or into surface to the north west of the potential waters such as ditches and mineral site, is not within the streams. Pollution of the soils same catchment as the mineral within the SAC as a result of site and there is no hydrological percolation through the ground or connectivity, ground

8 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 43

subsoil, or via surface water may water will not flow from the cause local extinction of floral mineral site to the SAC. species by suffocation of roots and A robust Construction Method stems and by direct poisoning of Statement can prescribe bunded plants. compound areas for storage of Vehicle movements both into and machinery and refuelling, thus out of the site have the potential to reducing the risk of pollutants pollute groundwater and surface having an adverse impact on water, especially during wet habitats either within the mineral weather events, from fumes and site or in the immediate fuel or from increased siltation surrounding area. It will also resulting from soil movement on include the provision of wheel lorry wheels. In particular the A419 washing facilities to prevent runs in a north west to south east increased silt levels in run-off direction between the mineral site from the site and surrounding and the SAC. Additional vehicle roads. movements on this road will Lorry movements would not be increase the potential for pollution likely to exceed 120 per day, into reaching the SAC. and out of the site, during the working of the mineral site (based on similar sized gravel extraction sites in the local area. Current estimates of traffic on the A419 are in excess of 30,000 passes per day. Run off from the A419 is already controlled by highway design and maintenance measures (including oil traps). The addition of 120 lorry passes per day is not high enough to add significantly to pollution impacts. In addition, the A419 and other smaller roads act as a partial barrier to surface water from the minerals site reaching the SAC. The effects of the mineral extraction on the site will therefore be insignificant. Dust pollution Particulate matter of 1 – 75 The prevailing wind is from the micrometres diameter is produced south west and the mineral site is during site preparation, soil to the south east of the SAC, stripping, excavation, stock piling, therefore in normal weather loading, transportation and mineral conditions it is unlikely that dust processing (ODPM, 2005). Dust from the mineral operations will may settle on plants within the be blown in a south west direction SAC, reducing their ability to take to impact on the SAC. In up oxygen and resulting in their addition, it is usual to use water local extinction, which would bowsers to reduce dust change the floral composition of emanating from within the the SAC community for which it is minerals site. A robust designated. Construction Method Statement should address this issue and put management methods in place to reduce dust within the mineral site. A planning condition will ensure that a robust CMS is 44

produced and agreed with the County Ecologist for each phase of the workings.

Air pollution Increased traffic in the local area A total of 120 lorry movements will result in an increase in oxides per day, into and out of the site, of nitrogen (NOx) from vehicle are proposed during the working emissions. There is existing of the mineral site. Current uncertainty that atmospheric NOx estimates of traffic on the A419 is considered to be close to and are in excess of 30,000 passes may at times exceed the critical per day. The addition of 120 lorry loads for the unimproved hay passes per day is not high meadow. Additional local traffic enough to add significantly to air could affect the diversity of species pollution impacts. within the SAC.

PART C: CONCLUSION Is the potential scale or magnitude of any effect likely to be significant? a) Alone? No (explain conclusion e.g. in relation to de minimus criteria) There is no mechanism for impact on the SAC as a result of mineral extraction at this potential site, since the two are in separate catchments, are not hydraulically connected and the SAC is to the north west of the potential mineral site and therefore cannot be affected by aeolian deposition carried on the prevailing winds. b) In combination with other plans or projects? No. Although there are other mineral sites already operational in the immediate vicinity of the potential mineral site, the separation of hydrology into two catchments and the direction of groundwater flow ensure that operation of this site will not combine with the operation of other sites to result in a significant adverse impact on the features of the SAC. Other minerals sites operating in the immediately adjacent area will also be subject to a robust mitigation strategy that will reduce adverse impacts to an insignificant level. No other plans or projects have been identified that could combine with the effects of this potential mineral site to result in a significant adverse impact on the features of the SAC.

Conclusion: Is the proposal likely to have a significant effect on a European Site? (Include justification) No It will be possible to design mitigation that will remove or substantially reduce impacts to a level where they would be insignificant. Recommendations: The production and submission of a robust Construction Method Statement to be agreed by the County Ecologist will be necessary to inform the planning application and to ensure that suitable measures are in place to mitigate for the possible impacts described above.

Name of Officer(s) Fiona Elphick making the Principal Ecologist, Wiltshire Council assessment

Date May 2011

U9 – Land near Latton Plate 1. Aerial photograph of the site location

Plate 2. Location map showing proposed site in relation to flood zones 2 and 3

PART A: THE PROPOSAL National Grid Reference SU 097 954 Name of Site U9 – Land near Latton The site, currently occupied by agricultural uses, is located adjacent to the settlement of Latton. The A419 runs in proximity to the south west boundary of the site and the south east boundary abuts the C124. European Sites that could be affected by the Distance of proposed allocation from proposals European Site North Meadow and Clattinger Farm SAC At its nearest point, the site is 130m from the • Component SSSIs - SAC (at North Meadow) o Clattinger Farm o North Meadow, Cricklade List of Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) European Site interest features

The vegetation is vulnerable to inappropriate agricultural practices. Management of traditional hay meadows are uneconomical and require financial support.

Water abstraction (including existing licensed abstractions) may potentially affect the water table and the seasonal flooding in the water meadows.

The SAC is close to high levels of traffic on major roads around Swindon. Nitrogen deposition may be close to, or have exceeded the critical levels for adverse effects on the unimproved grasslands.

Invasive plant species are a potential threat to the native meadow flora.

PART B: ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS What potential hazards are likely to affect the interest features?

Potential hazard9 Potential exposure to hazard and Existing or additional possible mechanism of effect/impact if mitigation to remove/reduce known the hazard Changes to the water Dewatering of extraction pits The potential mineral extraction table and flooding causing draw-down in the site appears to be within the regime surrounding area could change the Ampney Brook catchment, while water table levels within the SAC, the SAC is within the adjacent resulting in a change in the Churn River catchment. If this is community composition of the flora the case, there is no hydrological of the site, due to lack of water connectivity between the mineral causing local extinction of some site and the SAC and changes in species that are key indicators for water levels within the Ampney the grassland type that is the Brook catchment, as a result of designated feature. the mineral extraction cannot Bunded top soil and other materials affect water levels in the Churn may hinder free drainage of the River catchment. surrounding area causing possible Although there may be no prolonged inundation of the SAC mechanism for direct impact on grassland after flood events, the SAC through changes to the resulting in loss of floral species water table and flooding regime due to lack of oxygen to the root as a result of gravel extraction at systems. this site, precautionary measures to ensure the protection of local groundwater could include each gravel extraction pit within a phased programme at the mineral site being clay lined (using best available technology) to a standard such that dewatering of individual pits will not have any effect on surrounding ground water levels. The potential mineral site is within Flood Zone 1 and therefore stockpiled materials are unlikely to be inundated during flood events. Ground or surface Contaminated run off from fuels The flow of groundwater within the water pollution used in extraction machinery and catchment is generally from north transport vehicles could be carried west to south east. As the SAC is into groundwater or into surface to the south west of the potential waters such as ditches and mineral site, is not within the streams. Pollution of the soils same catchment as the mineral within the SAC as a result of site and there is no hydrological percolation through the ground or connectivity, ground

9 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 48

subsoil, or via surface water may water will not flow from the cause local extinction of floral mineral site to the SAC. species by suffocation of roots and A robust Construction Method stems and by direct poisoning of Statement can prescribe bunded plants. compound areas for storage of Vehicle movements both into and machinery and refuelling, thus out of the site have the potential to reducing the risk of pollutants pollute groundwater and surface having an adverse impact on water, especially during wet habitats either within the mineral weather events, from fumes and site or in the immediate fuel or from increased siltation surrounding area. It will also resulting from soil movement on include the provision of wheel lorry wheels. In particular the A419 washing facilities to prevent runs in a north west to south east increased silt levels in run-off direction between the mineral site from the site and surrounding and the SAC. Additional vehicle roads. movements on this road will Lorry movements would not be increase the potential for pollution likely to exceed 100 per day, into reaching the SAC. and out of the site, during the working of the mineral site (based on similar sized gravel extraction sites in the local area. Current estimates of traffic on the A419 are in excess of 30,000 passes per day. Run off from the A419 is already controlled by highway design and maintenance measures (including oil traps). The addition of 100 lorry passes per day is not high enough to add significantly to pollution impacts. In addition, the A419 and other smaller roads act as a partial barrier to surface water from the minerals site reaching the SAC. The effects of the mineral extraction on the site will therefore be insignificant. Dust pollution Particulate matter of 1 – 75 The prevailing wind is from the micrometres diameter is produced south west and the mineral site is during site preparation, soil to the north east of the SAC, stripping, excavation, stock piling, therefore in normal weather loading, transportation and mineral conditions it is unlikely that dust processing (ODPM, 2005). Dust from the mineral operations will may settle on plants within the be blown in a south west direction SAC, reducing their ability to take to impact on the SAC. In up oxygen and resulting in their addition, it is usual to use water local extinction, which would bowsers to reduce dust change the floral composition of emanating from within the the SAC community for which it is minerals site. designated. A robust Construction Method Statement should address this issue and put management methods in place to reduce dust within the mineral site. A

planning condition will ensure that a robust CMS is produced and agreed with the County Ecologist for each phase of the workings. Air pollution Increased traffic in the local area An estimated total of 100 lorry will result in an increase in oxides movements per day, into and out of nitrogen (NOx) from vehicle of the site, are proposed during emissions. There is existing the working of the mineral site. uncertainty that atmospheric NOx Current estimates of traffic on the is considered to be close to and A419 are in excess of 30,000 may at times exceed the critical passes per day. The addition of loads for the unimproved hay 100 lorry passes per day is not meadow. Additional local traffic high enough to add significantly to could affect the diversity of species air pollution impacts. within the SAC.

PART C: CONCLUSION Is the potential scale or magnitude of any effect likely to be significant? a) Alone? Uncertain (explain conclusion e.g. in relation to de minimus criteria) It is not confirmed at the present time that the potential mineral site and the European site are in different (neighbouring) catchments. If this is the case, there is no mechanism for impact on the water levels in the SAC as a result of mineral extraction at this potential site, since the two are not hydraulically connected. However, if searches prove that the two sites are in the same catchment, with a distance of only 130m between them, it is very likely that draw down will occur, lowering water levels in the European site as a direct result of mineral extraction. b) In combination with other plans or projects? Uncertain There are other mineral sites already operational in the immediate vicinity of the potential mineral site and without confirmation of the separation of hydrology into two catchments between the European site and the potential mineral site, it cannot be concluded that the combined impacts will not result in lowering the water levels and therefore could have a significant adverse effect on the features of the SAC. Notwithstanding this, the direction of groundwater flow ensures that operation of this site will not combine with the operation of other sites to result in a significant adverse impact on the features of the SAC from contaminated groundwater flowing into the SAC. Other minerals sites operating in the immediately adjacent area will also be subject to a robust mitigation strategy that will reduce adverse impacts to an insignificant level. No other plans or projects have been identified that could combine with the effects of this potential mineral site to result in a significant adverse impact on the features of the SAC.

Conclusion: Is the proposal likely to have a significant effect on a European Site? (Include justification) Uncertain. Hydrological information is needed to confirm whether there is connectivity of surface and ground water between the European site and the potential mineral extraction site. A full appropriate assessment of the potential impacts affecting the European site that could occur as a result of operating the potential mineral site at Latton. This will focus on examining the hydraulic connectivity of ground and surface water in the area. Depending on the outcome of the appropriate assessment, it may be possible to design mitigation that will remove or substantially reduce impacts to a level where they would be insignificant, e.g. through clay lining of gravel pits to prevent draw down and possible contamination of groundwater. 50

Recommendations: If this site is to progress towards development (mineral extraction), the applicant must source and supply sufficient information with regard to the local hydrology and the hydraulic connectivity between the European site and the potential mineral site, so that a full appropriate assessment can be carried out by the LPA. The production and submission of a robust Construction Method Statement to be agreed by the County Ecologist will be necessary to inform the planning application and to ensure that suitable measures are in place to mitigate for the possible impacts described above.

Name of Officer(s) Fiona Elphick making the Principal Ecologist, Wiltshire Council assessment

Date May 2011

U22 – Land West of Cotswold Community Plate 1. Aerial photograph of the site location

Plate 2. Location map showing proposed site in relation to flood zones 2 and 3

PART A: THE PROPOSAL National Grid Reference SU 031 955 Name of Site U22 – Land West of Cotswold Community The site option is located between Keynes Country Park (to the west) and Cotswold Community (to the east). The southern boundary of the site is formed by the B4696. European Sites that could be affected by the Distance of proposed allocation from proposals European Site North Meadow and Clattinger Farm SAC At its nearest point the potential mineral site is • Component SSSIs - 2km from Clattinger Farm o Clattinger Farm o North Meadow, Cricklade List of Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) European Site interest features

The vegetation is vulnerable to inappropriate agricultural practices. Management of traditional hay meadows are uneconomical and require financial support.

Water abstraction (including existing licensed abstractions) may potentially affect the water table and the seasonal flooding in the water meadows.

The SAC is close to high levels of traffic on major roads around Swindon. Nitrogen deposition may be close to, or have exceeded the critical levels for

adverse effects on the unimproved grasslands.

Invasive plant species are a potential threat to the native meadow flora.

PART B: ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS What potential hazards are likely to affect the interest features?

Potential hazard10 Potential exposure to hazard and Existing or additional possible mechanism of effect/impact if mitigation to remove/reduce known the hazard Changes to the water Dewatering of extraction pits The potential mineral site is 2km table and flooding causing draw-down in the from the European site, which is regime surrounding area could change the on the limit at which the HRA of water table levels within the SAC, the Minerals and Waste Core resulting in a change in the Strategy determined that there community composition of the flora could be an adverse impact. In of the site, due to lack of water addition, as there are several causing local extinction of some existing lakes between the two species that are key indicators for sites that are the result of the grassland type that is the previous gravel extractions, it designated feature. seems unlikely that operation of Bunded top soil and other materials this site will result in lowering the may hinder free drainage of the water levels at the European site. surrounding area causing possible Precautionary measures to ensure prolonged inundation of the SAC the protection of local grassland after flood events, groundwater could include each resulting in loss of floral species gravel extraction pit within a due to lack of oxygen to the root phased programme at the mineral systems. site being clay lined (using best available technology) to a standard such that dewatering of individual pits will not have any effect on surrounding ground water levels.

Ground or surface Contaminated run off from fuels The flow of groundwater within water pollution used in extraction machinery and the catchment is generally from transport vehicles could be carried north west to south east. As the into groundwater or into surface SAC is to the south west of the waters such as ditches and potential mineral site, ground streams. Pollution of the soils water will not flow from the within the SAC as a result of mineral site to the SAC and percolation through the ground or therefore there is no risk of subsoil, or via surface water may ground water pollution within the cause local extinction of floral SAC. species by suffocation of roots and A robust Construction Method stems and by direct poisoning of Statement can prescribe bunded plants. compound areas for storage of Vehicle movements both into and machinery and refuelling, thus out of the site have the potential to reducing the risk of pollutants

10 Enfusion/C4S. July 2008. Habitats Regulation Assessment of the Wiltshire & Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Minerals & Waste Core Strategies & development Control Policies: Submission Reports Habitats Regulations Assessment report. 54

pollute groundwater and surface having an adverse impact on water, especially during wet habitats either within the mineral weather events, from fumes and site or in the immediate fuel or from increased siltation surrounding area. It will also resulting from soil movement on include the provision of wheel lorry wheels. Additional vehicle washing facilities to prevent movements on roads in close increased silt levels in run-off proximity to the SAC could from the site and surrounding increase the potential for pollution roads. reaching the European site and Lorry movements into and out of resulting in an adverse impact on the site and surrounding area the botanical assemblage of the during the working of the mineral site. site (based on similar sized gravel extraction sites in the local area) would not be great in number. Run off from existing roads is already controlled by highway design and maintenance measures (including oil traps). The addition of a small number of lorry passes per day will not add significantly to pollution impacts. In addition, several small roads and discreet settlements act as a partial barrier to surface water from the minerals site reaching the SAC. The effects of the mineral extraction on the site will therefore be insignificant. Dust pollution Particulate matter of 1 – 75 The prevailing wind is from the micrometres diameter is produced south west and the mineral site is during site preparation, soil to the north east of the SAC, stripping, excavation, stock piling, therefore in normal weather loading, transportation and mineral conditions it is unlikely that dust processing (ODPM, 2005). Dust from the mineral operations will may settle on plants within the be blown in a south west direction SAC, reducing their ability to take to impact on the SAC. In up oxygen and resulting in their addition, it is usual to use water local extinction, which would bowsers to reduce dust change the floral composition of emanating from within the the SAC community for which it is minerals site. A robust designated. Construction Method Statement should address this issue and put management methods in place to reduce dust within the mineral site. A planning condition will ensure that a robust CMS is produced and agreed with the County Ecologist for each phase of the workings. Air pollution Increased traffic in the local area The small number of lorry will result in an increase in oxides movements per day, into and out of nitrogen (NOx) from vehicle of the site, that would be emissions. There is existing necessary to service the working uncertainty that atmospheric NOx of the mineral site is not likely to

is considered to be close to and be enough to add significantly to may at times exceed the critical existing air pollution impacts. loads for the unimproved hay meadow. Additional local traffic could affect the diversity of species within the SAC.

PART C: CONCLUSION Is the potential scale or magnitude of any effect likely to be significant? a) Alone? No (explain conclusion e.g. in relation to de minimus criteria) The potential mineral site is at a sufficient distance from the SAC that it is very unlikely that water quality or water resource will be reduced within the European site. Precautionary measures are available to ensure that local groundwater is protected from impact. In addition, measures are available to prevent impact from dust deposition, pollution or increased siltation from run off reaching the SAC. b) In combination with other plans or projects? No. Although there are other mineral sites already operational in the immediate vicinity of the potential mineral site, these are all at a greater distance from the SAC and are located to the south east and north east of both the SAC and the potential mineral site at Cotswold Community. It is unlikely that operation of this site will combine with the operation of other sites to result in a significant adverse impact on the features of the SAC, for the reasons already stated above, i.e. that groundwater flows in the opposite direction and the prevailing wind blows away from the SAC rather than into it from these sites. Other minerals sites operating in the immediately adjacent area will also be subject to a robust mitigation strategy that will reduce adverse impacts to an insignificant level. No other plans or projects have been identified that could combine with the effects of this potential mineral site to result in a significant adverse impact on the features of the SAC.

Name of Officer(s) Fiona Elphick making the Principal Ecologist, Wiltshire Council assessment

Date May 2011