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Volume 132 Number 4 October 1985

ISSN 0003-0805 AMERICARespiratorN REVIEW OF y Disease

OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY MEDICAL SECTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 1382 Pulmonary Morphologist — Opportunity for Ph.D. or M.D. for ap• tice, teaching affiliations. Proficient all procedures. Available now pointment as Assistant or Associate Professor (research) in the In• or July 1986. Reply Box 582. stitute for Environmental Medicine and the Department of Pathol• ogy and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Lung Research for 1985-86 School of Medicine. Successful candidate will collaborate with es• and 1986-87 available in the University of California, Davis (UCD) tablished investigators in respiratory physiology/experimental Interdisciplinary Pulmonary Disease Research Group. Ph.D., M.D., pathology and will develop an independent research program in or DVM required. Ongoing research areas include nutritional aspects respiratory cell . Experience with electron microscopy is es• of lung disease, alveolar cytochemistry, respiratory gly• sential. Ample space, funding opportunities, and state-of-the-art coprotein biosynthesis and metabolism, lung and , facilities are available. Deadline for applications is December 31, lung liposomes and lipoprotein metabolism, airway nerves and 1985. Interested applicants should send C.V., statement of research supply, relationships of xenobiotic metabolism to pulmonary cyto• interests, and names of three references to Aron B. Fisher, M.D., toxicity, mechanism of respiratory epithelial differentiation, respira• Director, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Chairman, Pulmo• tory tract permeability, and toxicology. Eight UCD faculty nary Morphology Search Committee, University of Pennsylvania with research activities in lung disease involved in fellowship train• School of Medicine/G2, Philadelphia, PA 19104. The University ing program. Send resume to: Dr. C. E. Cross, Division of Pulmo• of Pennsylvania is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. nary Medicine, 4301 "X" St., University of California, Davis Medi• cal Center, Sacramento, CA 95817. Equal Opportunity/Affirma• Pulmonologist: Board certified or eligible to join expanding 2-man tive Action Institution. group in midwest city with large university. Must be proficient in all aspects of pulmonary and critical care medicine and be willing Practice for sale: Pulmonary and Internal Medicine. Active prac• to do some internal medicine. Please reply with C.V. to Box 575. tice for 11 years. Nice Chicago suburban location. Practice includes office building, fully equipped office. Will introduce. Reply to Box 584. Pulmonary physician sought to join pulmonary division of a major Canadian university hospital. Candidate must be experienced and Pulmonologist —To join 7 internists in 20-man multispeciality group. capable of conducting independent clinical or basic research. Reply Must be able to practice excellent general internal medicine as well. Box 583. City of 32,000 with 2 hospitals, serving area of 200,000. No pulmo- nologist in area. Attractive family environment, nearby lake, con• Pulmonologist/Internist, require BE/BC-pulmonary. N.Y.C. sub• venient to Twin Cities. Send C.V. to Administrator, Park Clinic, 890 urb, active ICU, office consultation, 80% pulmonary, PVT prac• North Eisenhower, Mason City, IA 50401.

Necrology (April-October 1985) Warde B. Allan, M.D. Joseph T. Eagan, M.D. George C. Owen, M.D. Garrison, Maryland Oneonta, New York Brookfield, Wisconsin Kelly M. Berkley, M.D. Norma C. Furtos, M.D. I. Ellis Rudman, M.D. Phoenix, Arizona Escondido, California New York, New York Thomas C. Black, M.D. Joseph C. Hart, M.D. Cecil L. Schultz, M.D. Temple, Texas Poughkeepsie, New York Venice, Florida William Brueggmann, M.D. Peter P. Kozak, Jr., M.D. Clarence Sharp, M.D. Mainville, Ohio Santa Ana, California Jacksonville, Florida Kenneth G. Bulley, M.D. Wiliam H. McCain, M.D. John Srail, M.D. Fort Myers, Florida Springfield, Illinois Tacoma, Washington Henry A. Christian, M.D. Walter H. Modarelli, M.D. George W. Ware, M.D. Whiting, New Jersey Leonia, New Jersey Bowie, Maryland E. Leslie Chusid, M.D. Valerie J. Molzahn, M.D. William L. Weintraub, M.D. New York, New York Redlands, California Totowa, New Jersey Royal S. Davis, M.D. William R. Murlin, M.D. New Rochelle, New York Salem, Oregon INDEX-AUTHORS

ABEL, JEFFREY, 159 BIXLER, EDWARD O., 972 CHIESURA-CORONA, P., 1010 ABERNATHY, ROBERT S., 931 BLEECKER, EUGENE R., 220 CHILOSI, M., 400 ACKERMAN, STEVEN J., 981 BOAT, THOMAS F., 770 CHOLLET-MARTIN, SYLVIE, 836 ACOCELLA, GIANNI, 510, 1268, 1274 BOBEY, DAVID G., 409 CHOU, JEAN, 382 ADAMSON, DAVID, 916 BONNEY, THOMAS B., 1174 CHRISTENSEN, LOUISE, 409 ADKINSON, N. FRANKLIN, JR., 99, 367 BORGEN, LOWELL, 1194 CHRISTENSEN, T. G., 362 AGOSTINI, C, 400 BOUCHER, RICHARD C, 311, 1281 CHRISTIANS DAVID C, 120, 1371 AHMED, TAHIR, 839 BOUDIER, CHRISTIAN, 913 CHRISTMAN, JOHN W., 152, 393 AHRENS, JOAN, 752 BOUSHEY, H. A., 690 CHURCH, MARTIN K., 986 ALBERT, RICHARD K., 623, 963 BOXER, LAURENCE A., 1288 CHURG, ANDREW, 922 ALLEN. DARREL, 590 BRADLEY, T. D., 211 CIPRIANI, A., 400 ALLEN. JULIAN L., 343 BRADSHER, ROBERT W., JR., 931 CLARK, JOHN C, 1181 ALTOSE, MURRAY D., 800, 954 BRAIN, JOSEPH D., 606 CLAUDE, JEAN-ROGER, 818 AMEND, PHILIPPE, 504 BRAUN, NORMA M. T., 42 CLAUSEN, JACK L., 685 ANDERSON, R., 1049 BREUER, RAPHAEL, 362, 1155 CLAYTON, JAMES, 321 ANDO, MASAYUKI, 299 BRIDGES, RAYMOND B., 1162 CLOZEL, JEAN-PAUL, 504 ANDREADIS, NICHOLAS, 1344 BRODY, JEROME S., 905, 1307 COALSON, JACQUELINE J., 358, 1262 ANGUS, G. ELSPETH, 894 BROWN, I. G., 211 COHEN, ALLEN B., 1098 ANTHONISEN, NICHOLAS R., 871 BROWN, STEPHEN E., 960 COHEN, BERNICE H., 115 ANTTINEN, HENRIK, 536 BRUCE, MARGARET C, 529 COLE, PHILIP, 1229 ANZAR, UTE T., 619 BRUESKE, DE WANE A., 186 COLLIER, ALBERT M., 875 ARAKI, SHUKURO, 299 BUCKNER, C. K., 305 COLMAN, ROBERT W., 1098 ARBABIAN, MARTIN, 1194 BUIST, A. SONIA, 821, 1186 CONNAUGHTON, JOHN J., 206 ARMOUR, C. L., 30 BURKI, N. K., 1210 CONNELLAN, S. J., 148 ASHTON, JULIET, 564, 1262 BURNS, STEPHEN R., 109 CONOLLY, MATTHEW E., 12 ASTIER, ALAIN, 748 BURRI, PETER H., 777 CONTI, ROBERT, 510 ATASSI, KIN AN, 1118 BURSTIN, S., 133 CONWAY, W., 520 AUSTEN, FRANK, 1204 BUSSE, WILLIAM W., 305, 1194 COOK, JAMES L., 1246 AVOL, EDWARD L., 619 BUTKA, BRENDA J., 931 COONEY, THOMAS P., 596 BACHMANN, MARLIES, 479 BUTLER, JOHN E., 623, 963, 1027 CORDONNIER, CATHERINE, 748, 1118 BALDWIN, STEPHEN R., 1288 BYE, PETER T. P., 236 COREY, E. J., 1204 BALK, ROBERT A., 929 CADIEUX, ROGER J., 972 CORN, CAROLYN J., 143 BALLAS, ZUHAIR K., 77 CALAFIORE, DOROTHY C, 261 CORWIN, R. WILLIAM, 576 BANNER, ARTHUR S., 993 CALDWELL, JAMES, 623, 963 COSIO, MANUEL G., 894, 1366 BARNES, PETER J., 541, 1019 CALLEN, PETER W., 1253 COTTON, CALVIN U., 1281 BARON, ROBERT B., 737 CALORE, J. D., 362, 1155 COVER, D., 1233 BARRY, BRENDA E., 548 CALVERLEY, P. M. A., 86 COVERT, DAVID S., 648 BARTER, S. J., 148 CAMPBELL, D. A., 1300 CRAIG, KENNETH C, 1071 BARTLETT, DONALD, JR., 216, 1242 CANTOR, JEROME O., 640 CRANZ, DIANE L., 556 BASS, JOHN B., 379 CARLI, GIULIO, 806 CRAPO, JAMES D., 548 BASSET, FRANCOISE, 836 CARLONE, NICOLA A., 1268, 1274 CRAWFORD, JACK T., 386 BASSET, GUY, 880 CARRICO, C. JAMES, 485 CRITCHLEY, JULIAN A. J. H., 206 BATES, JOSEPH H., 386 CARSTAIRS, J. R., 541 CROWLE, A. J., 742 BATTER, WERNER, 1060 CARTIER, ANDRE, 644, 848 CRUZ, EDGARDO, 48 BAUGHMAN, ROBERT P., 390 CASTAING, YVES, 332 CRYSTAL, RONALD, 821 BAUMANN, HANS R., 1060 CASTELLAN, ROBERT M., 1139 CUFFINI, ANNA MARIA, 1268, 1274 BEASLEY, PAT, 976 CATANESE, ANTHONY, 362, 1155 CULPEPPER, JUDITH A., 1075 BEATY, TERRI H., 115 CATTERALL, J. R., 86 CULVER, BRUCE H., 788 BECKER, CAROLINE, 175 CAUTHEN, GEORGE M., 125, 516 CUNNINGHAM, D. A., 148 BECKLAKE, MARGARET R., 1127 CAVALLO, GIORGIO, 1268 CURLEY, FREDERICK J., 1130 BEKERMAN, CARLOS, 746 CEDERBAUMS, DAINA, 582 CUSHLEY, MICHAEL J., 1 BEN-BASSAT, M., 602 CERVANTES, PIERRE, 712 CUSTER, JOSEPH R., 326 BENFIELD, JOHN R., 434 CHANG, H. K., 104, 350 DAL VECCHIO, L., 1010 BENGALI, ZAKIR, 182 CHAN-YEUNG, MOIRA, 814 DANIEL, E. E., 272, 865 BENOIT, GUY, 748 CHAPARAS, SOTIROS D., 175 DARGENT, FRANCOISE, 479 BENSON, KIM N., 472 CHAPMAN, HAROLD A., JR., 569 DAUBER, JAMES H., 152 BEREND, NORBERT, 582 CHAPMAN, K. R., 845 DAUPHINEE, BETH, 12 BERGER, LORENZ C, 777 CHAPMAN, ROBERT S., 261, 875 DAVIS, GERALD S., 393 BERGOFSKY, EDWARD H., 633 CHATHAM, MARIE D., 36 DAVIS, ROBIN L., 761 BERLINER, S., 602 CHAUSOW, ALAN, 746 DEAL, E. CHANDLER, JR., 1214 BERNAUDIN, JEAN-FRANCOIS, 748, 1118 CHECK, IRENE J., 65 DEARBORN, DORR G., 429, 770 BERRY, DAVID D., 500, 1313 CHENG, C, 311 DEGRAFF, ARTHUR C, JR., 858 BICE, DAVID E., 647, 661 CHERNIACK, NEIL S., 1214 DELACROIX, D. L., 829 BIETH, JOSEPH G., 524, 818, 913 CHERNIACK, REUBEN M., 582, 590 DELANEY, MORGAN D., 1087 BIGBY, TIMOTHY D., 590 CHERNICK, VICTOR, 16 DE MARZO, N., 1010 1383 1384 AUTHOR INDEX

DEMLING, ROBERT H., 1257 FRASER, IAN M., 766 HARGREAVE, F. E., 272, 865 DERKSEN, FREDERIK, 1066 FREDBERG, JEFFREY J., 343 HARTEMANN, DENISE, 504 DE TROYER, ANDRE, 53, 793 FRICK, OSCAR L., 292 HARTIALA, JAAKKO, 292 DHILLON, DHARAM P., 926 FUKUDA, TAKESHI, 981 HASSELBLAD, VICTOR, 261 DIAMOND, LOUIS, 885 FULLER, RICHARD K., 770 HAYES, EDWARD E., 367 DICK, E. C, 305 GAGNON, GILLES, 644 HEBEL, J. RICHARD, 36 DIERKS, STEVE E., 1027 GALLINA, CLAUDIA, 712 HECHTMAN, HERBERT, 1257 DI GIACOMO, G. R., 1010 GAMSU, GORDON, 1124, 1253 HEIFETS, LEONID B., 710, 1278 DILLARD, THOMAS A., 230 GANGADHARAM, PATTISAPU R. J., 1278 HEINRICHS, W. LEROY, 916 DIMARCO, ANTHONY F., 800 GANTER, BERNARDUS, 737 HELDT, GREGORY P., 339 DIMARCO, MARIANNE S., 800 GANZ, T., 901 HENDLEY, J. OWEN, 976 DI PEDE, FRANCESCO, 806 GASPAROTTO, G., 400 HENSON, JAN E., 152 DISE, CRAIG A., 191 GAIZY, JOHN T., 1281 HENSON, PETER M., 490, 590 DISTEFANO, SANDRA, 1106 GAULDIE, JACK, 82 HIBBERT, MARIENNE, 1223 DODSON, RONALD F., 143 GAUTHIER, RICHARD, 848 HIDA, W., 278, 671 DOHN, MICHAEL N., 390 GEFFROY, B. A., 690 HIGUCHI, JUNJI H., 358 DONEVAN, RICHARD, 922 GELB, ALAN, 283 HILLER, F. CHARLES, 929 DOUGLAS, FRANK L., 993 GELLERT, A. R., 824 HOFFMAN, ROBERT M., 1347 DOUGLAS, NEIL J., 86, 206 GHEZZO, HEBERTO, 848, 894 HOFFSTEIN, V., 211 DRAZEN, JEFFREY M., 953, 1204 GIBELLINO, F., 148, 784 HOGG, JAMES C, 7, 30, 1294 DREISIN, ROBERT B., 186 GILBERT, ROBERT, 195 HOIDAL, JOHN R., 159, 164 DREYFUSS, DIDIER, 880 GILLER, S., 602 HOLGATE, STEPHEN T., 1, 986 DUANE, GLORIA, 1313 GILMAN, MURRAY J., 65, 1139 HOLLINGER, WAYNE M., 65, 1139 DU Bois, R. M., 1300 GIN, WILLIAM, 1199 HONDA, IZUMI, 299 DUNGWORTH, DONALD L., 556 GIOIA, FRANK R., 99 HONDA, YOSHIYUKI, 1219 DUNNETTE, SANDRA L., 981 GIUNTINI, CARLO, 806 HOOP, BERNARD, 248 DURHAM, STEPHEN R., 986 GLEICH, GERALD J., 981 HOPEWELL, PHILIP C, 737 DU SOUICH, PATRICK, 504 GODLESKI, JOHN K., 606 HORIKE, MAERTHA, 648 DUVIVIER, CLAUDE, 712 GOLD, AVRAM R., 220 HORIKE, NEIL, 648 EASTON, PAUL A., 871 GOLD, WARREN M., 292, 1019 HORIO, SUNAO, 299 EGGLESTON, PEYTON A., 976 GOLDBERG, STEVEN K., 60 HOWARTH, PETER H., 986 EISEN, ELLEN A., 120, 1371 GOLDEN, JEFFREY A., 1124 HOWELL, SANDRA, 241 ELIASSON, ORN, 858 GOLDSTEIN, NOAM, 60 HUDSON, LEONARD D., 485, 1071 EMERSON, ROBERT J., 393 GOMEZ, ANA MARIA, 752 HUET, YANN, 1118 ENARSON, DONALD A., 814 GORDON, JOHN B., 99 HUGHES, J. M. B., 1233 ENDE, NORMAN, 382 GORDON, TERRY, 1106 HUGHES, JOHN D., 93 ENGLAND, SANDRA, 766 GORNEZ, PAULA, 358 Hui, KA KIT, 12 ENTERLINE, PHILIP E., 1174 GORNY, MIROSLAV, 1060 HULBERT, W. M., 7 ERDÖS, ERVIN G., 564, 1262 GOTTFRIED, STEWART B., 954 HULL, SHEILA I., 409 ESAU, SHRON, A., 236 GRABAU, JOHN C, 516 HURLOW, ROBERT S., 1071 ESTENNE, MARC, 53, 793 GRAHAM, WILLIAM G. B., 393 HURST, GEORGE A., 143 ETCHISON, JAMES R., 556 GRANT, MARGARET M., 1307 HUVAL, WILLIAM, 1257 FABBRI, L. M., 1010 GRASSI, CARLO, 510 HWANG, CHEN-HONG, 382 FAJMAN, WILLIAM A., 65 GRAYBILL, JOHN R., 752 HYDE, RICHARD W., 516 FANTA, CHRISTOPHER H., 666, 853 GREEN, JOSEPH, 993 HYERS, THOMAS M., 472, 490 FARROW, JOHN T., 685 GREENBERG, S. DONALD, 143 ICHINOSE, MASAKAZU, 278, 11 13 FAVA, MARIO, 48 GREENBERGER, PAUL A., 186 IDELL, STEVEN, 1098 FAZZI, PIER A, 806 GREGORY, GEORGE A., 339 IKEGAMI, MACHIKO, 500, 1313 FEIN, ALAN M., 60, 1098 GREGORY, TIMOTHY J., 99 INGENITO, EDWARD P., 853 FELDSIEN, DIANE, 582 GRÖSCHEL, DIETER H. M., 976 INGRAM, ROLAND H., JR., 953 FENTON, RICHARD, 16 GROVE, DANIEL M., 1034, 1041 INOUE, CHIEKO, 1113 FERRETTI, RICARDO, 48 GROVER, ROBERT F., 1152 INOUE, HIROSHI, 1113 FERRO, THOMAS J., 191 GUDAPATY, SESHAGIRI R., 159, 164 IRWIN, RICHARD S., 576, 1130 FEUILHADE DE CHAUVIN, MARTINE, GUENARD, HERVE, 332 ISABEY, DANIEL, 104 748, 118 GWALTNEY, JACK M., JR., 976 ISEMAN, MICHAEL D., 710, 735, 1278 FIELD, KEITH G., 1319 HACKER, ALLEN D., 354 ISHII, MUNEHIKO, 278, 1113 FILLY, ROY A., 1253 HACKNEY, JAMES D., 619 ISRAEL, ELLIOT, 1204 FILUK, ROBERT B., 871 HAIGHT, JAMES S. J., 1229 ISSA, FAIQ G., 999 FISCHER, CLAUDIA E., 960 HAIOUN, CORINE, 1118 JACOBS, HARRIS C, 500, 1313 FISHER, JAMES H., 1149 HAKIM, JACQUES, 836 JACQUES, JOHN, 1368 FITZGERALD, R. S., 241 HALES,.CHARLES A., 326 JACQUOT, JACKY, 524 FLENLEY, DAVID C, 86, 206 HALPERIN, SCOTT A., 976 JAMES, HAROLD L., 1098 FLEURY, JOCELYNE, 1118 HALWIG, H. MICHAEL, 186 JANOFF, AARON, 417, 821 FORNO-PIZZOGLIO, MARTINA, 1274 HAMMAN, RICHARD F., 472 JANSEN, HENK M., 168 FOSTER, W. MICHAEL, 633 HAMMER, SCOTT M., 189 JAVAHEM, SHAHROKH, 1055 FOWLER, ALPHA A., 472, 490 HANCE, ALLAN-JOHNSON, 836 JENSEN, WILLIAM A., 189 Fox, RICHARD, 1257 HANSEN, JAMES E., 612 JOBE, ALAN H., 50, 1313 FRANCIS, C, 829 HANSEN, RUSSELL E., 516 JOCHUM, MARIANNE, 913 FRANTZ, IVAN D., Ill, 343 HANSEN-FLASCHEN, JOHN H., 191 JOHANSON, WALDEMAR G., JR., 358 FRANZBLAU, C, 362 HARF, ALAIN, 104, 350 JOHNSON, ALICE R., 564, 1262 AUTHOR INDEX 1385

JOHNSON, ARNOLD, 70 LEMEN, RICHARD J., 321 MCHUGH, JAMES W., 960 JOHNSON, BRIAN F., 1130 LEMIRE, ISABELLE, 848 MCLEAN, T., 7 JOHNSON, LARRY R., 1186 LENNOX, A., 679 MCTIER, ROBERT F., 967 JONES, PAUL K., 770 LEON, SHALOM A., 60 MALIK, ASRAR B., 70 JONES, SALLY, 1313 LERTZMAN, MORLEY, 224 MEAD, JERE, 1223 JUDSON, F. N., 742 LESLIE, CHRISTINA C, 1246 MELLENS, ROBERT B., 694 JUNOD, ALAIN F., 479 LE SOUEF, PETER, 1223 MELVIN, IRENE, 175 KALES, ANTHONY, 972 LEVISON, HENRY, 766 MENDELMAN, PAUL M., 761 KAPLAN, NANCY B., 1307 LEVY, JACK, 761 MENGEOT, P. M., 679 KARCHMER, ADOLF W., 189 LEVY, ROBERT D., 236 MENKES, HAROLD A., 115 KARIMAN, KHALIL, 109 LEWIS, ROBERT A., 1204 MICHEL, RENE P., 1084 KAWAKAMI, YOSHIKAZU, 89 LEWIS, TRENT R., 1181 MILLER, DONN C, 1066 KAY, A. BARRY, 986, 1199 LIBEN, ARLETTE, 1127 MILLER, MARTIN R., 1034, 1041 KAY, J. MICHAEL, 922 LICHTENSTEIN, LAWRENCE M., 367, MILLER, YORK E., 178 KAZEMI, HOMAYOUN, 248 405, 1015 MILLIGAN, SHAWN A., 1124 KEEFE, DOUGLAS H., 343 LIENER, IRVIN E., 159, 164 MINDORFF, CATHERINE, 766 KELLER, STEPHEN, 640 LIETCH, A. GORDON, 1204 MINTY, BARBARA D., 1170 KELLEY, GLORIA D., 125 LIGHT, RICHARD W., 960 MITTMAN, CHARLES, 205 KELSEN, STEVEN G., 722, 800, 1214 LINN, WILLIAM S., 619 MITZNER, WAYNE, 1078 KENNEDY, SUSAN M., 1294 LIPPMANN, MICHAEL L., 60 MONTGOMERY, A. BRUCE, 485 KHAN, SHAKIL, 382 LISBOA, CARMEN, 48 MOORE, SUSAN A., 152 KILBURN, JAMES O., 125 Liu, Y.-N., 278 MOORMAN, WILLIAM J., 1181 KIM, CHONG S., 137 LOKE, JACOB, 195 MOREL, DENIS R., 479 KIM, WON DONG, 894 LOMBARD, ROBERT M., 972 MORELL, ANDREAS, 1060 KIMMEL, DAVID A., 1162 LOVE, LESLIE, 1229 MORENO, RODRIGO, 48 KIMMEL, EDGARD C., 885 LUCAS, EDGAR A., 929 MORGAN, ANDREW D., 206 KING, MALCOLM, 894 LUCEY, EDGAR C, 362, 1055, 1155 MORGAN, MICHAEL S., 648 KIRKPATRICK, MICHAEL B., 379 LUISETTI, MARIO, 510 MORGAN, W. K. C, 1139, 1371 KLEINERMAN, JEROME, 182 LUM, HAZEL, 1078 MORSE, DALE L., 516 KLINE, LEWIS R., 191 LYNCH, DENNIS W., 1181 MORTON, PAMELA B., 22 KLINGER, JEFFREY D., 529 MACEY, M. G., 824 MÜGGENBURG, BRUCE A., 657, 661 KLINGER, KATHERINE WOOD, 1149 MACGLASHAN, DONALD W., JR., 367, MULLEN, J. BRENDAN, 1294 KNECHT, EDWIN A., 1181 405 MURAMOTO, ALLEN, 623, 963 KNOWLES, MICHAEL R., 311, 1281 MACKLEM, PETER T., 236 MURLAS, CHRISTOPHER, 1005 KNUDSON, RONALD J., 806 MAESTRELLI, P., 1010 MUSPRATT, S., 133 KNIITH, SUSAN L., 216, 1242 MAGEE, FERGALL, 922 MYERS, D. J., 690 KOBAYASKI, TOSHIO, 494 MAHLER, DONALD A., 195 NAFF, GEORGE B., 770 KOCH, GARY, 175 MALO, JEAN-LUC, 644, 848 NAGAI, ATSUSHI, 937, 946 KOI-NIG, JANE Q., 648 MANDL, INES, 640 NAGENDRAN, RADHIKA C, 960 KOFPSELL, THOMAS, 623 MANGURA, BONITA T., 382 NASH, DONALD R., 1093 KOUROGI, HIROTSUGU, 299 MANIER, GERARD, 332 NEWBALL, HAROLD H., 405 KOPP, WILLIAM C, 1027 MANN, JONATHAN S., 1 NEWCOMB, ROBERT, 12 KROL, RICHARD C., 216 MAPP, CHRISTINA, 292, 1010 NEWLAND, A. C, 824 KRYGER, MEIR H., 224 MARCER, G., 400 NEWMAN, STEPHEN L., 1084, 1366 Kuno, KEISHI, 494 MARCHANDISE, F. X., 829 NIEUWENHUIS, PAUL, 168 Kurien, UMBERTO, 1098 MARCHETTE, BRUCE, 839 NLEWOEHNER, DENNIS E., 159 KUEPPERS, FREDRICH, 1098 MARGOLIS, MITCHELL L., 434 NIMMO, A. J., 541 KULLE, THOMAS J., 36 MARQUETTY, CLAUDE, 836 NINANE, VINCENT, 793 KÜNG, MARKUS, 268 MARSHALL, SUSAN G., 648 NISHINO, TAKASHI, 1219 KUNKEL, ROBIN G., 1288 MARTIN, JAMES G., 236, 679 NOCHOMOVITZ, MICHAEL, 800 LAKSHMINARAYAN, S., 963 MARTIN, JEAN-PIERRE, 818 NOMURA, TOSHIYA, 173 LAMPI, KATHY L., 1015 MARTIN, RICHARD R., 644, 848 O'BRIEN, THOMAS K., 354 LANGENBACK, EDWARD G., 633 MARTIN, THOMAS R., 254 O'BRODOVICH, HUGH M., 694 LARUMBIDE, MARGARET, 1262 MARWAHA, RAJ K., 1130 OlKARINEN, AARNE, 536 LAVENDER, J. P., 148 MARZ, LAURIE, 1127 OLIVEN, ARIE, 1214 LA VIE, G., 602 MASCHLER, REINHARD, 1155 OLIVER, L. CHRISTINE, 120, 1371 LAZAR, JEFFREY D., 93 MASON, MARGARET J., 657 O'NEILL, PAUL A., 22 LEAHY, FERGUS, 16 MASON, ROBERT J., 1246 OPRYSK, DONNA, 1229 LEBOWITZ, MICHAEL D., 806 MATSUMOTO, NOBORU, 1113 OREN, AMI, 612 LEDINGHAM, JOHN, 926 MATSUO, YOSHIYASU, 173 ORSSAUD, GENEVIEVE, 818 LEE, ENOCH, 12 MATTHAY, MICHAEL A., 1253 OSMAN, MOHAMED, 640 LEE, HYE KYUNG, 1005 MATTHAY, RICHARD A., 195 OSMANLIEV, D. P., 784 LEE, TAK H., 986, 1204 MAUNDER, RICHARD J., 254 Ossi, E., 400 LEECH, JUDITH A., 1127 MAXWELL, D. L., 1233 O'SULLIVAN, MICHAEL F., 143 LEHNEN, F. H. H., 845 MAY, MARY H., 742 PÄÄKKÖ, PAAVO, 536 LEFF, ALAN R., 993 MCCORMICK-SHANNON, KATHLEEN, PADMANABHAN, RAMA V., 159, 164 LEHRER, R. L, 901 1246 PAOLETTI, PAOLO, 806 LEIGH, MARGARET W., 875 MCDONALD, DONALD M., 1106 PARDY, RICHARD L., 236 LEITER, JAMES C., 216, 1242 MCDONNELL, WILLIAM F., Ill, 875 PARE, PETER D., 30, 1294 LELLOUCH, JOSEPH, 818 MCFADDEN, E. R., JR., 853 PARSONS, POLLY E., 490 1386 AUTHOR INDEX

PASQUIER, CATHERINE, 836 ROBINSON, DWIGHT R., 1204 SMITH, D. L., 845 PASSERINI, LOUISE, 1366 ROBINSON, N. EDWARD, 1066 SMITH, PHILIP L., 220 PASTERKAMP, HANS, 16 ROBINSON, RICHARD W., 1238 SMITHWICK, RONALD W., 1371 PATINO, MARIA MERCEDES, 752 ROCHESTER, DUDLEY F., 42 SNIDER, DIXIE E., JR., 125 PAUL, J. LAWRENCE, 937 RODENSTEIN, DANIEL O., 628, 722 SNIDER, GORDON L., 182, 362, 905, PAULI, GABRIELLE, 913 ROEHRS, T., 520 1055, 1139, 1155 PAULY, NANCY, 206 ROFFMAN, STEVEN, 640 SNYDER, PETER E., 195 PAYEN, DIDIER, 1118 ROGERS, ROBERT M., 1075, 1347 SOBONYA, RICHARD E., 321 PELHAM, FRANK, 821 ROSE, RICHARD M., 189 SOLER, PAUL, 836, 880 PELLETIER, ANTOINE, 913 ROSEBERRY, HUGH, 321 SOLWAY, JULIAN, 666, 853 PEPE, PAUL E., 788 ROTH, T., 520 SOMMERS, HERBERT M., 186 PERETZ, DWIGHT, 922 Roussos, CH., 241 SONGSIRIDEJ, V., 305 PEREZ FONTÄN, J. JULIO, 339 ROYSTON, DAVID, 1170 SORKNESS, RONALD L., 287 PEREZ-PADILLA, ROGELIO, 224 RUBIN, LEWIS J., 93 SPARLING, JAMES R., 1368 PERLINO, CARL A., 757 RUDD, R. M., 824 SPRINGMEYER, STEVEN C, 254 PERUMAL, VELUCHAMY K., 1278 RUOHO, ARNOLD, 1194 STAGER, MARIE A., 485 PESLIN, RENE, 712 RYHÄNEN, LASSDE, 536 STANESCU, DAN C, 628, 722 PETERS, MARGOT S., 981 SACKNER, M. A., 137 STANSBURY, DAVID W., 960 PETERES, STEPHEN P., 367 SAETTA, MARINA, 806, 894 STARK, RONALD D., 22 PETERSEN, MARTIN R., 1139 ST. GEORGE, JUDITH A., 556 STATON, GERALD W., JR., 65, 1139 PETTY, THOMAS L., 471, 1344 SALOME, C. M., 25 STAUB, NORMAN C, 1253 PHELAN, PETER, 1223 SANCHEZ-HERNANDEZ, MAURO, 737 STEELE, LORRAINE C, 409, 1093 PHILLIPS, MARTIN J., 1019 SANDERS, ROBERT V., 379 STEINGRUBE, VINCENT A., 1093 PHILLIIPSON, E. A., 211 SANDERSON, WAYNE T., 1139 STERK, P. J., 272, 865 PIANTADOSI, STEVEN, 230 SANDS, MARK F., 993 STERN, ROBERT C, 529 PlCHURKO, BOHDAN M., 853 SASKI, HIDETADA, 278, 671, 1 113 STEVENSON, JAN L., 321 PIERSON, DAVID J., 1071 SAUDER, LARRY R., 36 STONE, O. LEE, 569 PIERSON, WILLIAM E., 648 SAUMON, GEORGES, 880 STONE, PHILLIP J., 362, 1155 PINCOCK, ARCHIE C, 1034, 1041 SAUNIER, CLAUDE, 504 STROPE, GERALD L., 875 PINE, JEFFREY R., 65 SBARBARO, JOHN A., 177, 742 STUBBING, DAVID G., 652 PINEAU, LINE, 644 SCHELLENBERG, R. R., 30 STULBARG, MICHAEL S., 1124 PINKHAS, J., 602 SCHLEIMER, ROBERT P., 367, 1015 SUE, DARYL Y., 612 PIQUET, JACQUES, 104 SCHNEBLI, HANS-PETER, 1155 SUGAR, ALAN M., 1319 PISTELLI, GIUSEPPE, 806 SCHRIJEN, FRANCINE, 504 SUGIMOTO, MlNEHARU, 299 PIZZOLO, G., 400 SCHULMAN, EDWARD S., 405 SULLIVAN, COLIN E., 999 PLOPPER, CHARLES G., 556 SCHULZ, WERNER W., 564 SURATT, PAUL M., 967, 976 POLATO, RAFFAELE, 806 SCHWARTZ, B. A., 164 SUSSMAN, NANCY B., 1174 PONCZ, Louis, 529 SCOGGIN, CHARLES H., 935 SUTER, PETER M., 479 POULTER, L. W., 1300 SCOTT, GRAHAM C, 268 SWEENEY, THERESA D., 606 Pozzi, ERNESTO, 510 SCOTT, JACQUELINE S., 1066 SWENSON, JANA M., 409, 1093 PRAKASH, UDAYA B. S., 715 SCRIMA, LAWRENCE, 929 SYLVESTER, J. T., 99 PRATTER, MELVIN R., 1130 ScYPiNSKi, LINDA, 1106 SZEINBERG, AMIR, 766 PRICE, KENNETH E., 409 SEKIZAWA, K., 278, 671 SZIDON, PETER, 746 PRIDE, N. B., 148, 784 SELSTED, M. E., 901 TAGER, I. B., 133 PROP, JOCHUM, 168 SELTZER, J., 690 TAKISHIMA, TAMOTSU, 278, 671, 1113 PROUD, DAVID, 405 SEMENZATO, G., 400 TAL, ASHER, 16 PUCHELLE, EDITH, 524 SESHADRI, TARA, 1155 TAM, E. K., 690 PUISTOLA, ULLA, 536 SHAMOO, DEBORAH A., 619 TASAKA, HIROMICHI, 173 QUAN, STUART F., 321 SHANLEY, JOHN D., 77 TASHKIN, DONALD P., 12 RAFFIN, THOMAS A., 916 SHAPIRO, BERNARD, 60 TAYLOR, JOSEPH C, 205 RAGHU, GANESH, 254 SHAPIRO, CM., 86, 206 TAYLOR, S. M., 30 RAJAGOPAL, KRISHNAN A., 230 SHARPE, GERALYN, 1194 THERON, A., 1049 RAMSEY, BONNIE, 761 SHAW, RORY J., 1199 THOMPSON, NANCY J., 125 RAYBIN, DANIEL M., 916 SHEPPARD, DEAN, 283, 690, 1106 THOMPSON, PHILIP J., 926 REBUCK, A. S., 845 SHERMAN, M. P., 901 THURLBECK, WILLIAM M., 182, 596, REDINE, SUSAN, 954 SHIDA, AKIRO, 89 937, 946 REDMOND, STEPHEN R., 516 SHIELDS, ROBERT L., 292 TIERNEY, DONALD F., 354 REED, CHARLES E., 981 SHIH, VIVIAN E., 248 TILL, GERD O., 1288 REHM, STANLEY R., 1162 SHINDOH,(C, 671 TODD, EARL W., 770 REICHMAN, LEE B., 382 SHINER, ROBERT J., 236 TOMASHEFSKI, JOSEPH F., JR., 529 RICHARDS, CARL D., 82 SIBILLE, Y., 829 TOURNIER, JEAN-MARIE, 524 RICHERSON, HAL B., 1027 SlCKLESTEEL, J., 520 TOWNSEND, MARY C, 1174 RIEDER, HANS L., 1371 SIEGEL, DAVID, 283 TRENTIN, L., 400 RIES, ANDREW L., 685 SILCOX, VELLA A., 1093 TRUJILLO, D., 137 RIMLAND, DAVID, 757 SIMON, GARY L., 1087 TRYKA, A. FRANCINE, 606 RINALDO, JEAN E., 152, 1075 SIMON, RICHARD H., 1288 TSUKAMURA, MlCHIO, 915 RIPPEY, LAURA L., 1174 SLOCOMBE, RONALD I., 1066 TUAZON, CARMELITA U., 1087 ROAD, JEREMY D., 1368 SLY, PETER, 1223 TURINO, GERARD M., 640, 1324 ROBERTSON, GARY L., 993 SMITH, ANN, 1194 TURNER-WARWICK, MARGARET, 926 ROBINS, JAMES M., 120, 1371 SMITH, ARNOLD L., 761 UDOU, TAKEZO, 1093 AUTHOR INDEX 1387

UPADRASHTA, BALA S., 1027 WEINBERG, PETER F., 283 WONG, CATHERINE, 1257 UTHAYAKUMAR, S., 824 WEINBERGER, A., 602 WOODS, DONALD E., 358 VACCARO, CHARLES A., 905 WEINBERGER, M., 602 WOOLCOCK, A. J., 25 VALENCIA, LUPE M., 619 WEINMANN, GAIL, 115 WOOTEN, VIRGIL, 929 VANDIVIERE, H. MAC, 175 WELLS, CAROLYN K., 195 WRIGHT, JOANNE L., 922, 1294 VAN UITERT, BONNIE L., 434 WELTY, C, 133 Wu, REEN, 311 VARMA, VIJAY M., 1087 WEST, PETER, 224 WYATT, ROBERT J., 1162 VEDAL, SVERRE, 814 WEST, WILLIAM W., 937, 946 YAMAMOTO, HIROSHI, 89 VENET, THEODORE G., 619 WETZEL, RANDALL C, 99 YAN, K., 25 VERNANT, JEAN PAUL, 1118 WEWERS, MARK, 821 YANKASKAS, JAMES R., 1281 VIDRUK, EDWARD H., 287 WHITE, DAVID P., 972, 1238 YELLIN, ALON, 434 VIEGI, GIOVANNI, 806 WIENER-KRONISH, JEANINE P., 1253 YONEZAWA, TOSHIHIDE, 1219 VOLLMER, WILLIAM M., 1186 WILDEVUUR, CHARLES R. H., 168 YOSHIKAWA, TAKASHI, 89 WALLACE, RICHARD J. JR., 409, 1093 WILHOIT, STEPHEN C, 967 ZAMBELLO, R., 400 WALSH, PETER N., 1098 WILLIAMS, MARION G. JR., 143 ZAMBON, ROBERTO, 806 WALSH, THOMAS J., 746 WILSON, DAVID O., 1347 ZAMEL, N., 211, 272, 865 WANG, NAI-SAN, 894, 1084 WILSON, FRANK J., 929 ZAOUI, DRISS, 818 WARD, MICHAEL E., 652 WINSETT, DARRELL W., 885 ZERBE, GARY O., 472 WASSERMAN, KARLMAN, 612 WISNIESKI, JEFFREY J., 770 ZICKER, STEVEN C, 556 WATSON, A., 784 WITORSCH, PHILIP, 1087 ZIDULKA, ARNOLD, 350 WEBER, ALLAN, 761 WITSCHI, HANSPETER R., 354 ZOCCA, E., 1010 WEGMAN, DAVID H., 120, 1371 WITTEN, MARK L., 321 ZORICK, F., 520 WEINBAUM, GEORGE, 1098 WITTIG, R., 520 ZWILLICH, CLIFFORD W., 972, 1238 INDEX-SUBJECTS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, utility of gallium-67 scin• vagal nonadrenergic inhibitory stimulation in, 1113 tigraphy, and bronchial washings in diagnosis and treatment disease of Pneumocystis carinii in patients with, 1087 nonreversible obstructive, sustained-release theophylline re• Adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in , 1 duces dyspnea in (correspondence), 195 Adolescents peripheral, pulmonary function and, in patients with mineral asthmatic, acute effect of 0.12 ppm ozone or 0.12 ppm nitrogen dust or fume exposure, 1294 dioxide on pulmonary function in, 648 hyperexcitability, slope of dose-response curve to inhaled his• exercising, respiratory effects of photochemical oxidant air pol• tamine and methacholine and PC20 in subjects with symp• lution in, 619 toms of, 644 Adrenergic inhibition and parasympathetic stimulation, role of, in hyperreactivity, -provoked, use of guinea pig as model adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma, 1 for, 305 Adult respiratory distress syndrome hyperresponsiveness and induced by toluene di- causes of mortality in patients with, 485 isocyanate in guinea pigs, 1106 chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pa• inflammation, acute, effect of, on bronchial reactivity in guinea tients with, 490 pigs, 7 indicators of risk, course, and prognosis in (editorial), 471 narrowing, limited maximal, in nonasthmatic subjects, role of neutrophil elastase-releasing factors in bronchoalveolar lavage neural control and prostaglandin release in, 865 from patients with, 1098 nasopharyngeal, collapsibility of, in obstructive sleep apnea, neutral endopeptidase in serum samples from patients with, 967 compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme, 1262 obstruction problems and progress (commentary), 1344 recurrent, bronchoalveolar lavage in ponies with, 1066 prognosis after onset, 472 reactivity in COPD and failure of in vivo methacholine respon• pulmonary extraction of serotonin and propranolol in patients siveness to correlate with cholinergic, adrenergic, or non• with, 479 adrenergic responses in vitro, 30 regulation of tissue oxgen extraction is disturbed in, 109 resistance (s) respiratory pressure sensation and its relation to changes in inhaled submicrometric, short-term regional clearance of, in pattern and Pco2 during acute increase in, in pulmonary fibrosis, 606 COPD, 1214 metered-dose inhaled, size aspects of, 137 upper, moderate alcohol ingestion increases, in normal sub• Age jects, 1238 and body size, effect of, on reference equations for single-breath response diffusing capacity, 806 kinetics of recovery of, by inhaled histamine, 848 effect of, on antibody responses during lung immunization, upper, during bronchoprovocation and asthma attack, 671 661 responsiveness increase in tracheal size with, 784 induced by toluene-diisocyanate, prednisone inhibits late Agonist, inhaled beta-adrenergic, aminophylline increases toxicity asthmatic reactions and the associated increase in, 1010 but not efficacy of, in treatment of acute exacerbations to inhaled antigen, histamine, and methacholine in inbred, of asthma, 283 ragweed-sensitized dogs, 292 Air reversibility after prednisolone therapy in chronic asthma is dry, effect of eucapnic on bronchomotor tone and associated with alterations in leukocyte function, 1199 response to, in asthmatic subjects, 690 wall temperature, breathing pattern affects, during cold air -flow hyperpnea, 853 limitation, chronic, ventilatory muscle function during ex• Albumin microspheres, prevention of elastase-induced emphysema ercise in air and in patients with, 236 in hamsters by intratracheal administration of synthetic obstruction, chronic elastase inhibitor bound to, 159 and chronic , effects of, on lung cell populations Albuterol, influence of, on airway and circulating mediator re• recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage, 254 sponse to allergen bronchial provocation in asthma, 986 effects of large carbohydrate load on walking performance Alcohol ingestion, moderate, increases upper airway resistance in, 960 in normal subjects, 1238 prediction of ventilation at maximal exercise in, 230 Alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis, 757 hypoxic chronic, almitrine increases steady-state hypoxic Alkalosis, respiratory ventilatory response in, 1233 does intermittent mandatory ventilation correct, in patients re• and oxygen, ventilatory muscle function during exercise in, ceiving assisted , 1071 in patients with chronic air-flow limitation, 236 effect of mechanical ventilator mode on tendency toward, 1075 pollution, photochemical oxidant, respiratory effects of, in Allergen bronchial provocation in asthma, influence of albuterol, exercising adolescents, 619 cromolyn sodium, and ipratropium bromide on airway and Airway(s) circulating mediator responses to, 986 artifact, upper, in respiratory impedance measurements (Note), Allograft rejection, lung, in rat, 168 712 Almitrine central and peripheral, disassociation in mucociliary function increases steady-state hypoxic ventilatory response in hypoxic of, of asymptomatic smokers, 633 chronic air-flow obstruction, 1233 and circulating mediator responses, influence of albuterol, cromo• improves oxygenation when both awake and asleep in hypoxia lyn sodium, and ipratropium bromide on, to allergen bron• and C02 retention caused by chronic bronchitis and emphy• chial provocation in asthma, 986 sema, 206 constricted, effective sites by sympathetic beta-adrenergic and Alpha-1 1388 SUBJECT INDEX 1389 -antitrypsin deficiency, urinary excretion of in sub• pulmonary, diagnosis of, by transbronchial biopsy (case re• ject with PiZZ, 821 port), 191 -protease inhibitor, protective effects of ascorbate, cysteine, Anaphylaxis, effects of fish-oil-enriched diet on pulmonary me• and dapsone on -mediated oxidative inactivation chanics during, 1204 of, 1049 Anencephaly and hydranencephaly, lung growth and develop• -proteinase ment in, 596 inhibitor, serum, smoking does not reduce functional activity Anergy and boosting, assessment of, in tuberculin conversions of, 818 in Indochinese refugees, 516 -leukocyte-elastase inhibitor complex in bronchoalveolar lavage Anesthesia, nasal, effects of, on breathing during sleep, 972 fluids from healthy subjects (Note), 913 Angiotensin-Converting enzyme Alpha-2-macroglobulin, monomeric and polymeric immunoglob• levels, serum, evaluation of, in prediction of therapeutic re• ulin A, and immunoglobulin M in bronchoalveolar lavage, sponse in steroid-treated pulmonary sarcoidosis, 65 829 neutral endopeptidase in serum samples from patients with Alumina-based chemical products plant, pulmonary function in ARDS compared with, 1262 relation to total dust exposure at, 1174 Ansamycin Alveolar . See Macrophages determination of in vitro susceptibility of mycobacteria to Alveolar (Note), 710 attachments, loss of, in smokers, 894 dynamic aspects of in vitro chemotherapeutic activity of, on oxygen, influence of, on pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn M. intracellular^ 1278 lambs versus sheep, 326 Antibody(ies) permeability, acute cigarette smoke exposure increases, in rab• monoclonal, immunohistochemical characterization of rhesus bits, 321 monkey respiratory secretions using, 556 pressure magnitude and asynchrony during high-frequency responses after lung immunization, effect of age on, 661 oscillations of excised rabbit , 343 Antigens septal amyloidosis, diffuse, presenting with recurrent hemoptysis alpha, of M. avium-intracellulare, M. scrofulaceum, and re• and medical dissection of pulmonary arteries (case report), lated species of mycobacteria, specificity and distribu• 1368 tion of, 173 type II cells, rat, macrophages stimulate DNA synthesis in, 1246 histoplasmal, detection of, in mice undergoing experimental volume, effects of different derivations of, on DLCO (Note), pulmonary histoplasmosis, 752 1127 inhaled, airway responsiveness to, in inbred, ragweed-sensi• wall basement membranes in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tized dogs, 292 fibrosis, 905 multiple, local pulmonary immune responsiveness after ex• Alveolitis posure to, in cynomolgus monkey, 657 endotoxin-induced neutrophil, modification by hyperoxia in Antioxidants, protective effects of, on phagocyte-mediated oxi• vivo of, in rats, 152 dative inactivation of alpha-l-protease inhibitor, 1049 high and low intensity, T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglob• Apnea ulin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients central and mixed sleep, a shift from, to obstructive sleep with, 1060 apnea resulting from low-flow oxygen, 220 Alveolus, pulmonary, lipid interstitial cell of, age and species obstructive sleep differences of, 1307 pharyngeal compliance in snoring subjects with and with• Amberson lecture, 1985 J. Burns, 1324 out, 211 AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION and the Arnold-Chiari malformation (case report), 929 Trudeau medal for 1985, 719 collapsibility of nasopharyngeal airway in, 967 Will Ross Medal for 1985, 719 Arachidonic acid metabolites, pharmacologic modulation of re• Fellowship, grant announcements, 197, 435, 719, 932 lease of, from purified lung mast cells, 367 AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY Arnold-Chiari malformation and sleep apnea (case report), 929 Statement on cigarette smoking and health, 1133 Arteries, pulmonary, diffuse alveolar septal amyloidosis pre• Statement on health effects of smoking on children, 113 senting with recurrent hemoptysis and medical dissec• Statement on laboratory diagnosis of mycotic and specific fungal tion of (case report), 1368 infections, 1373 Asbestos Amino acid metabolism and central nervous system hydrogen ion -exposed workers, lung function and exercise performance regulation, relationship between, in II, 248 in, smoking and nonsmoking, 612 Aminoglycoside(s) workers mutational resistance as mechanism of acquired drug-resistance former, comparison of ferruginous body and uncoated fi• to, in M. fortuitum and M. chelonei, 409 ber content of, 143 penetration, inactivation, and efficacy in cystic fibrosis , lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 761 in, 824 Aminophylline Ascorbate, protective effects of, on phagocyte-mediated oxida• comparative effects of, on diaphragm and cardiac contractility, tive inactivation of alpha-l-protease inhibitor, 1049 800 Aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary, oxalic acid level in broncho• effect of, on hypercapnic depression of diaphragmatic contractil• alveolar lavage fluid from patients with, 748 ity, 241 Aspiration, lipid-laden alveolar macrophages as marker of, in increases toxicity but not efficacy of inhaled beta-adrenergic parenchymal lung disease, 576 agonist in treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma, 283 Asthma Amphotericin B causes aggregation of neutrophils and enhances adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in, 1 pulmonary leukostasis, 602 adolescents with, acute effect of 0.12 ppm ozone or 0.12 Amyloidosis ppm nitrogen dioxide on pulmonary function in, 648 diffuse alveolar septal, presenting with recurrent hemoptysis aminophylline increases toxicity but not efficacy of inhaled and medical dissection of pulmonary arteries (case report), beta-adrenergic agonist in treatment of acute exacerba• 1368 tions, 283 1390 SUBJECT INDEX attack, upper airway response during, 671 choalveolar lavage in pneumonitis occurring after, 1118 bronchial, increased numbers of hypodense eosinophils in Breathhold time, effects of different derivations of, on DLCO blood of patients with, 981 (Note), 1127 chronic, airway reversibility after prenisolone therapy in, is Breathing associated with alterations in leukocyte function, 1199 effects of nasal anesthesia on, during sleep, 972 effect of and oxygenation during sleep are similar in normal men and anticholinergic treatment on postexertional wheezing in, normal women, 86 studied by phonopneumography and spirometry, 16 pattern circadian rhythm on bronchomotor tone after deep inspira• affects airway wall temperature during cold air hyperpnea, tion in, 278 853 eucapnic hypoxia on bronchomotor tone and response to and Pco2 during acute increase in airway resistance, respira• dry air in, 690 tory pressure sensation and its relation to changes in, in exacerbations of, in adults during experimental rhinovirus infec• COPD, 1214 tion, 976 during sleep in patients with interstitial lung disease, 224 homeostatic regulation of bronchomotor tone by sympathetic tidal, nitrogen washout during, with superimposed high-fre• activation during bronchoconstriction, 993 quency chest wall oscillation, 350 influence of albuterol, cromolyn sodium, and ipratropium trial, National Institutes of Health positive-pressure, 937, 946 bromide on airway and circulating mediator responses Breathlessness, do prostaglandins have a role in, 22 to allergen bronchial provocation in, 986 Bronchial late reactions in, prednisone inhibits, 1010 reactivity limited maximal airway narrowing in, role of neural control effect of acute airway inflammation on, in guinea pigs, 7 and prostaglandin release in, 865 hypoxia enhances nonspecific, 839 respiratory muscle activity and thoracoabdominal motion dur• washings, utility of, in diagnosis and treatment of Pneumo• ing acute episodes of, during sleep, 999 cystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS, 1087 workshop on investigative use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and Bronchitis, chronic bronchoalveolar lavage in (workshop summary), 180 almitrine improves oxygenation when both awake and asleep , distribution of pulmonary blood flow in relation in patient with hypoxia and C02 retention caused by, 206 to, in premature ventilated lambs, 500 and chronic air-flow obstruction, effects of, on lung cell popu• Autoradiographic visualization of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in lations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage, 254 human lung, 541 Bronchoalveolar lavage Bacilli, drug-resistant and drug-susceptible, infection and dis- alpha-2-macroglobulin, monomeric and polymeric immuno• sease among contacts of cases with, 125 globulins A and B in, 829 Basophils from patients receiving long-term steroid therapy, in analysis and correlation of, in bleomycin-induced lung injury vitro resistance to dexamethasone of, 1015 in rabbit, 590 Bauxite refinery, pulmonary function in relation to total dust diagnostic yield of, in pneumonitis occurring after allogeneic exposure at, 1174 bone marrow transplantation, 1118 Beta effect of -adrenoceptor subtypes in human lung, autoradiographic visu• changing instilled volume for, in patient with interstitial lung alization of, 541 disease, 390 -lactamases, isoelectric focusing of, in M. fortuitum and as• chronic bronchitis and chronic air-flow obstruction on lung sociation of single enzyme pattern with cefoxitin resistance, cell populations recovered by, 254 1093 evaluation of, in prediction of therapeutic response in steroid- Beta2-agonist, inhaled, hemodynamic effects of inhaled ipratro• treated pulmonary sarcoidosis, 65 pium bromide, alone and combined with, 845 fluid Biopsy(ies) chemotactic activity in, from patients with ARDS, 490 lingular lung, 1084 from healthy subjects, concentration of leukocyte elastase- transbronchial alpha-l-proteinase inhibitor complex in (Note), 913 diagnosis of pulmonary amyloidosis by (case report), 191 lymphocytes subpopulations in, in asbestos workers, 824 immunocompetent cells in bronchoalveolar lavage reflect from patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, oxalic acid cell populations in, in pulmonary sarcoidosis, 1300 level in, 748 Blastomyces dermatitidis, characteristics of pulmonary cellular of healthy Vermont granite workers, mineral dust and cell re• immune response to two strains of, in mouse, 1319 covery from, 393 Blastomycosis and cutaneous trauma (correspondence), 931 immunocompetent cells in, reflect cell populations in trans- Bleomycin bronchial biopsies in pulmonary sarcoidosis, 1300 -induced and lung histology, 400 lung injury in rabbit, analysis and correlation of broncho• neutrophil elastase-releasing factors in, from patients with alveolar lavage, morphometries, and fibroblast-stimulating ARDS, 1098 activity in, 590 in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves), 1066 pulmonary fibrosis, alveolar wall basement membranes in, and serum, usefulness of tumor markers in, of patients under• 905 going fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 60 intratracheal^ administered, structure-function correlation of T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin concentrations, of early state of lung injury induced by, in rabbit, 582 patients with sarcoidosis and high and low intensity al• Blood veolitis, 1060 flow, pulmonary, distribution of, in relation to atelectasis in workshop on investigative use of, in asthmatics (workshop premature ventilated lambs, 500 summary), 180 of patients with bronchial asthma, increased numbers of hypo- Bronchoconstriction dense eosinophils in, 981 acute, effects of, on respiratory activity in patients with COPD Body size and age, effect of, on reference equations for single- (correspondence), 722 breath diffusing capacity, 806 adenosine-induced, in asthma, 1 Bone marrow transplantation, allogeneic, diagnostic yield of bron• differential inhibition of, by calcium channel blockers, vera- SUBJECT INDEX 1391 pamil and nifedipine, 666 lations in transbronchial biopsies in pulmonary sarcoidosis, homeostatic regulation of bronchomotor tone by sympathetic 1300 activation during, in normal and asthmatic subjects, 993 inflammatory and immunocompetent, comparative analysis of, limited, to methacholine using partial flow-volume curves in in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneu• nonasthmatics, 272 monitis, 400 Bronchodilation, beta-adrenergic, effect of procaterol treatment lipid interstitial, of , age and species dif• on, 1194 ferences of, 1307 Bronchodilator mast, purified lung relationship of response to, and decline in FEV, in popula• immunoglobulin E-mediated release of kininogenase from, tion studies, 1186 405 trials, use of criteria for reversibility and obstruction to define pharmacologic modulation of release of arachidonic acid patient groups for, 858 metabolites from, 367 Bronchomotor tone and mineral dust recovery from bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy effect of circadian rhythm on, after deep inspiration in normal Vermont granite workers, 393 and asthmatic subjects, 278 nasal epithelial, growth and differentiation of, in serum-free, homeostatic regulation of, by sympathetic activation during hormone-supplemented culture medium and proteoglycan bronchoconstriction in normal and asthmatic subjects, synthesis, 311 993 purified dog mastocytoma, characterization of, 1019 and response to dry air, effect of eucapnic hypoxia on, in rat alveolar type II, macrophages stimulate DNA synthesis in, asthmatic subjects, 690 1246 Bronchoprovocation, upper airway response during, 671 Cellular immune response, pulmonary, characteristics of, to two Bronchoscope, pediatric fiberoptic, use of, in adults (case report), strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis in mouse, 1319 715 Chemosensitivity, respiratory, age-related variation of, in mono• Bronchoscopy, fiberoptic zygotic twins, 89 usefulness of tumor markers in serum and bronchoalveolar Chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pa• lavage of patients undergoing, 60 tients with ARDS, 490 workshop on investigative use of, in asthmatics (workshop Chemotherapy summary), 180 ansamycin, dynamic aspects of in vitro, on M intracellulars Bronchospasm, acute, contributions of rib cage and abdominal 1278 displacements to hyperinflation of, 679 given intermittently in continuation phase in treatment Calcium channel blockers, differential inhibition of bronchocon• of pulmonary tuberculosis, clinical trial of three 6-month striction by, 666 regimens of, 374 Cancer Chest wall oscillation, superimposed high-frequency, nitrogen and chromosomes, from sea urchins to (editorial), 935 washout during tidal breathing with, 350 lung, growth factors, and oncogenes, 178 Children Carbohydrate load, large, effects of, on walking performance health effects of smoking on (ATS statement), 1137 in chronic air-flow obstruction, 960 vigorously exercising, respiratory responses of, to 0.12 ppm Carbon ozone exposure, 875 dioxide Cholinergic, adrenergic, or nonadrenergic responses in vitro, failure retention caused by chronic bronchitis and emphysema, al• of in vivo methacholine responsiveness to correlate with, mitrine improves oxygenation when both awake and 30 asleep in patients with, 206 Chromosomes and cancer, from sea urchins to (editorial), 935 tension Cigarettes. See Smoke and Smoking and breathing pattern during acute increase in airway Circadian rhythm, effect of, on bronchomotor tone after deep resistance, respiratory pressure sensation and its rela• inspiration in normal and asthmatic subjects, 278 tion to, in COPD, 1214 Cobra venom factor, attenuation by 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid of resting arterial, premorbid ventilatory response to hyper- acute lung injury induced by, in rat, 1288 capnia is not related to, in hamsters with elastase-induced Collagen emphysema, 1055 accumulation, rat lung, prevention by zinc of, in carbon tetra• monoxide back pressure, effects of different derivations of, chloride injury, 536 on DLCO (Note), 1127 matrix supports, culture of nasal epithelial cells on, 1281 tetrachloride injury, prevention by zinc of rat lung collagen Complement abnormalities and immune complexes in patients accumulation in, 536 with cystic fibrosis, 770 Carcinoma, bronchogenic, in the elderly (correspondence), 434 CORRESPONDENCE Cardiac contractility and diaphragm, comparative effects of amino• Blastomycosis and cutaneous trauma, 931 phylline on, 800 Bronchogenic carcinoma in the elderly, 434 Catalase, liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase or, protec• Effects of acute bronchoconstriction on respiratory activity tion against pulmonary in rats by intra• in patients with COPD, 722 tracheal administration of, 164 Prediction of therapeutic response in steroid-treated pulmonary Cathepsin G, neutrophil, and elastase, effect of combined, on sarcoidosis, 1139 induction of secretory cell metaplasia and emphysema in Prevalence of radiographic appearance of in hamsters, 362 unexposed blue collar population, 1138 Cefoxitin resistance, association of single enzyme pattern with, RPM or RCF? 1371 1093 Sustained-release theophylline reduces dyspnea in nonreversible Cell(s) obstructive airway disease, 195 bronchoalveolar, alteration of, during murine Cough, persistent, prevalence of, in young adults in relation to interstitial pneumonitis, 77 long-term ambient sulfur oxide exposure, 261 culture, neutral metalloendopeptidase in, 564 Cromolyn sodium, influence of, on airway and circulating me• epithelial, culture of, on collagen matrix supports, 1281 diator responses to allergen bronchial provocation in asthma, immunocompetent, in bronchoalveolar lavage reflect cell popu• 986 1392 SUBJECT INDEX Cryptococcus neoformans, serologic diagnosis of focal pneumonia total, pulmonary function in relation to, at bauxite refinery caused by (case report), 189 and alumina-based chemical products plant, 1174 Curvulariosis, allergic bronchopulmonary (case report), 186 mineral, and cell recovery from bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, differential effects of, on pulmonary Vermont granite workers, 393 transvascular fluid and protein exchange after thrombin- Dysplasia, bronchopulmonary (state of art), 694 induced microembolism, 70 Dyspnea, sustained-release theophylline reduces, in nonreversible Cyclosporine immunomodulation in rabbit model of chronic hy• obstructive airway disease (correspondence), 195 persensitivity pneumonitis, 1027 EDITORIAL Cysteine, protective effects of, on phagocyte-mediated oxidative From sea urchins to chromosomes and cancer, 935 inactivation of alpha-l-protease inhibitor, 1049 Indicators of risk, course, and prognosis in ARDS, 471 Cystic fibrosis Tailoring a time-bomb: inadvertent genetic engineering, 735 biochemical and pathologic evidence for proteolytic destruc• Eglin-C prevents neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema and tion of lung connective tissue in, 529 bronchial secretory cell metaplasia in hamsters, 1155 epithelia, comparison of bioelectric properties of normal and, synthesis inhibitors, effects of, on normoxic and hy• in culture of nasal epithelial cells on collagen matrix sup• poxic pulmonary vascular tone in dogs, 93 port, 1281 Elastase gene(s) (editorial), 1149 -alpha-l-proteinase inhibitor complex, leukocyte, concentration immune complexes and complement abnormalities in patients of, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy subjects with, 770 (Note), 913 maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures are reduced in and emphysema, current assessement of protease-antiprotease hy• hyperinflated, malnourished, young adult male patients pothesis in (state of art), 417 with, 766 -induced emphysema sputum augmentation of, by cigarette smoke, 885 aminoglycoside penetration, inactivation, and efficacy in, 761 cigarette smoke impairs elastin resynthesis in lungs of ham• studies with, and evidence that Pseudomonas aeruginosa sters with, 640 elastase does not inactivate bronchial inhibitor in presence neutrophil, eglin-C prevents, in hamsters, 1155 of leukocyte elastase, 524 premorbid ventilatory response to hypercapnia is not related Cytochrome B-245 in human alveolar macrophages, 836 to resting arterial C02 tension in hamsters with, 1055 Cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis, murine, alteration of prevention of, in hamsters by intratracheal administration of a bronchoalveolar cells during, 77 synthetic elastase inhibitor bound to albumin microspheres, Dapsone, protective effects of, on phagocyte-mediated oxidative 159 inactivation of alpha-l-protease inhibitor, 1049 and neutrophil cathepsin G, effect of, combined, on induction Dexamethasone, in vitro resistance to, of basophils from patients of secretory cell metaplasia and emphysema in hamsters, receiving long-term steroid therapy, 1015 362 Diaphragm and cardiac contractility, comparative effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, evidence that, does not inactivate aminophylline on, 800 bronchial inhibitor in presence of leukocyte elastase, 524 Diaphragmatic -releasing factors, neutrophil, in bronchoalveolar lavage from contractility, effects of aminophylline, isoproterenol, and neo• patients with ARDS, 1098 stigmine on hypercapnic depression of, 241 Elastin paralysis, rib cage mechanics in simulated, 793 cross-links (desmosine), urinary excretion of, in subjects with Diazepam, effect of, on genioglossal muscle activity in normal PiZZ alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency, 821 subjects, 216 resynthesis, cigarette smoke impairs, in lungs of hamsters with Diffusing capacity for C02, effects of different derivation of elastase-induced emphysema, 640 breathhold time and alveolar volume and of CO back Elastolysis of combined neutrophil cathepsin G and elastase, ob• pressure on (Note), 1127 servations on, in hamsters, 362 Digoxin plasma kinetics, tritiated, influence of on, Electromyogram, respiratory muscle, relationship between rib in conscious dog, 504 cage motion and, in tetraplegia, 53 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, attenuation by, of acute lung injury Embolism, pulmonary determinants of hypoxemia during acute induced by cobra venom factor in rat, 1288 phase of, 332 DNA synthesis, macrophages stimulate, in rat alveolar type II cells, Emphysema 1246 and chronic bronchitis, almitrine improves oxygenation when Dog both awake and asleep in patient with hypoxia and C02 conscious, influence of hypoxemia on tritiated digoxin plasma retention caused by, 206 kinetics and tissue distribution in, 504 definition of: report of a NHLBI Division of Lung Diseases effects of eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors on normoxic and Workshop (workshop summary), 182 hypoxic pulmonary vascular tone in, 93 effect of combined human neutrophil cathepsin G and elastase mastocytoma cells, purified, characterization of, 1019 on induction of, in hamsters, 362 Dose-response curve to inhaled histamine and methacholine, slope elastase-induced of, and PC20 in subjects with symptoms of airway hyper- augmentation of, by cigarette smoke, 885 excitability and in normal subjects, 644 cigarette smoke impairs elastin resynthesis in lungs of ham• Drug sters with, 640 resistance, acquired, to aminoglycosides and antibacterial agents premorbid ventilatory response to hypercapnia is not related in M. fortuiturn and M. chelonei, 409 to resting arterial C02 tension in hamsters with, 1055 -resistance and drug-susceptible bacilli, infection and disease prevention of, in hamsters by intratracheal administration among contacts of tuberculosis cases with, 125 of synthetic elastase inhibitor bound to albumin micro• Dust spheres, 159 exposure and elastases, current assessment of protease-antiprotease hy• mineral, pulmonary function and peripheral airway disease pothesis (state of art), 417 in patients with, 1294 neutrophil elastase-induced, eglin-C prevents, in hamsters, 1155 rapid decline in FEV, in grain handlers in relation to level pulmonary of, 814 phenotype associated with hereditary predisposition to, 821 SUBJECT INDEX 1393 aid proteolysis (editorial), 205 evaluation of, in prediction of therapeutic response in steroid- Endopeptidase, neutral, in serum samples from patients with treated pulmonary sarcoidosis, 65 ARDS compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme, 1262 in pulmonary tuberculosis, 746 Endo:oxin scintigraphy and bronchial washings, utility of, in diagnosis -incuced and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pa• lung injury, effects of OKY-046 on, in unanesthetized sheep, tients with AIDS, 1087 494 Gas(es) neutrophil alveolitis, modification by hyperoxia in vivo of, arterial blood, normalization of, after treatment of - in rats, 152 deficient lambs with Tween 20, 1313 , relationship of increased lung sero• leak around endotracheal tube, effect of, on mean tracheal tonin levels to, in sheep, 1257 pressure during mechanical ventilation, 339 induction with, and fibrinolytic inhibitor of alveolar macro• and particulate phases, comparison of, in cigarette-smoking- phages, 569 induced changes in rat pulmonary clearance of "mTcDTPA, Endo.racheal tube, effect of gas leak around, on mean tracheal 1170 pressure during mechanical ventilation, 339 Genetic engineering, inadvertent (editorial), 735 Enzyme Genioglossus, effect of assay, aminoglycoside-modifying, in M. fortuitum and M. che- diazepam on, in normal subjects, 216 lonei, 409 sleep deprivation on activity of, 1242 pattern, single, association of, with cefoxitin resistance, 1093 Grain handlers, rapid decline in FEV, in, in relation to level of Eosinophils, hypodense, increased numbers of, in blood of pa• dust exposure, 814 tients with bronchial asthma, 981 Granite workers, healthy Vermont, mineral dust and cell recovery Epidemiology of tuberculous infection in a chronic care popula• from bronchoalveolar lavage of, 393 tion, 133 Guinea pigs Epithelia, normal and cystic fibrosis, comparison of bioelectric airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation induced by properties of, in culture of nasal epithelial cells on col• toluene diisocyanate in, 1106 lagen matrix supports, 1281 effect of acute airway inflammation on bronchial reactivity Ethambutol, effect of, on tubercle bacilli within cultured human in, 7 macrophages, 742 in vivo and in vitro studies of, as model for virus-provoked Exercise airway hyperreactivity, 305 accuracy of two ear oximeters at rest and during, in pulmonary ozone-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in, is abolished by patients, 685 BW 755C or FPL 55712 but not by indomethacin, 1005 increases in intrathoracic pressure do not explain rise in left Hamsters ventricular end-diastolic pressure that occurs during, in dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during lung infec• patients with COPD, 623 tion in, 358 maximal, prediction of ventilation at, in chronic air-flow effect of combined neutrophil cathepsin G and induction of obstruction, 230 secretory cell metaplasia and emphysema in, 362 nifedipine dilates pulmonary vasculature without producing eglin-C prevents neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema and symptomatic systemic hypotension during, 963 bronchial secretory cell metaplasia in, 1155 performance in smoking and nonsmoking asbestos-exposed with elastase-induced emphysema workers, 612 cigarette smoke impairs elastin resynthesis in lung of, 640 respiratory premorbid ventilatory response to hypercapnia is not related effects of photochemical oxidant in adolescents to resting arterial C02 tension in, 1055 during, 619 prevention of elastase-induced emphysema in, by intratracheal responses of children during vigorous, to 0.12 ppm ozone administration of synthetic elastase inhibitors bound to exposure, 875 albumin microspheres, 159 ventilatory muscle function during, in air and oxygen in pa• Health tients with chronic air-flow limitation, 236 and cigarette smoking (ATS statement), 1133 Fibroblast-stimulating activity, analysis and correlation of, in effects of smoking on children (ATS statement), 1137 bleomycin-induced lung injury in rabbit, 590 failure, congestive, relationship of pleural effusions to pul• Fibrosis monary hemodynamics in patients with, 1253 bleomycin-induced pulmonary, alveolar wall basement mem• Heaves, bronchoalveolar lavage in ponies with recurrent, 1066 branes in, 905 Hemangiomatosis, pulmonary (case report), 922 pulmonary, short-term regional clearance of inhaled submicro- Hemodynamics, pulmonary, relationship of pleural effusions to, in metric aerosol in, 606 patients with congestive , 1253 Fish-oil-enriched diet, effects of, on pulmonary mechanics dur• Hemoptysis, recurrent, diffuse alveolar septal amyloidosis pre• ing anaphylaxis, 1204 senting with (case report), 1368 Flow Hereditary predisposition to pulmonary emphysema, phenotype maximal expiratory, implications for, in increase in tracheal associated with, 821 size with age, 784 Herpes zoster, respiratory muscle dysfunction after (case report), -volume curves, partial, limited bronchoconstriction to metha- 1366 choline using, in nonasthmatics, 272 Histamine Forced expiratory volume in one second challenge, how many spirograms for a, 268 rapid decline in, in grain handlers, 814 diphosphate solutions, stability of stored (Note), 1130 relationship of response to bronchodilator and decline in, in -induced reflex tracheal constriction is attenuated by hyperoxia population studies, 1186 and exaggerated by hypoxia, 287 Formalin fixation, 10%, effects of, on fixed lung volume and inhaled lung tissue shrinkage, 1078 airway responsiveness to, in inbred, ragweed-sensitized dogs, Fume exposure, pulmonary function and peripheral airway disease 292 in patients with, 1294 kinetics of recovery of airway response caused by, 848 Gallium-67 slope of dose-response curve to, and PC20 in subjects with lung scanning symptoms of airway hyperexcitability, 644 1394 SUBJECT INDEX release, autonomic membrane receptors and pharmacologic Immune modulation of, in purified dog mastocytoma cells, 1019 complexes and complement abnormalities in patients with cystic Histoplasmosis, experimental pulmonary, detection of histoplas- fibrosis, 770 mal antigens in mice undergoing, 752 responsiveness, local pulmonary, after multiple antigenic ex• HLA-A, -B, and -DR phenotypes and tuberculosis, 382 posures in cynomolgus monkey, 657 Hormone-supplemented, serum-free culture medium, growth and Immunization, lung, effect of age on antibody responses after, 661 differentiation of nasal epithelial cells in, and proteogly• Immunoglobulin(s) can synthesis, 311 A and M, monomeric and polymeric, in bronchoalveolar lavage, Hydranencephaly and anencephaly, lung growth and development 829 in, 596 A-mediated phagocytosis by mouse alveolar macrophages, 82 Hydrogen ion regulation and amino acid metabolism, relation be• concentration and T-lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar tween, in hypercapnia II, 248 lavage of patients with sarcoidosis and high and low in• Hypercapnic depression of diaphragmatic contractility, effects tensity alveolitis, 1060 of aminophylline, isoproterenol, and neostigmine on, 241 E-mediated release of kininogenase from purified lung mast Hypercapnia cells, 405 premorbid ventilatory response to, is not related to resting Indochinese refugees, tuberculin conversion in, 516 arterial C02 tension in hamsters with elastase-induced Indomethacin, ozone-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in guinea emphysema, 1055 pigs is abolished by BW 755C or FPL 55712 but not by, relationship between central nervous system hydrogen ion regu• 1005 lation and amino acid metabolism in II, 248 Infection Hyperexcitability, airway, slope of dose-response curve to inhaled and disease among contacts of tuberculosis cases with drug- histamine and methacholine and PC20 in subjects with resistant and drug-susceptible bacilli, 125 symptoms of, 644 mycotic and specific fungal, laboratory diagnosis of (ATS Hyperinflation of acute bronchospasm, contributions of rib cage statement), 1373 and abdominal displacements to, 679 Inflammation Hyperoxia and airway hyperresponsiveness induced by toluene diisocyanate histamine-induced reflex tracheal constriction is attenuated in guinea pigs, 1106 by, 287 acute airway, effect of, on bronchial reactivity in guinea pigs, 7 in vivo of endotoxin-induced neutrophil alveolitis in rats, 152 Inhalation Hyperpnea, cold air, breathing pattern affects airway wall tem• acute vanadium pentoxide, pulmonary effects of, in monkeys, perature during, 853 1181 Hyperreactivity of tobacco smoke in pipe, cigarette, and never smokers, pat• ozone-induced bronchial, in guinea pigs is abolished by BW 755C tern, 628 or FPL 55712 but not by indomethacin, 1005 Ipratropium bromide virus-provoked airway, use of guinea pig as model for, 305 hemodynamic effects of, alone and combined with inhaled Hyperresponsiveness beta2-agonist, 845 airway, and inflammation induced by toluene diisocyanate in influence of, on airway and circulating mediator responses to guinea pigs, 1106 allergen bronchial provocation in asthma, 986 bronchial, prevalence and nature of, in COPD, 25 Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases in M. fortuitum and as• rebound, to muscarinic stimulation after chronic therapy with sociation of single enzyme pattern with cefoxitin resistance, inhaled muscarinic antagonist, 12 1093 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Isoproterenol, effects of, on hypercapnic depression of diaphrag• chronic, cyclosporine immunomodulation in rabbit model of, matic contractility, 241 1027 Kininogenase, immunoglobulin E-mediated release of, from puri• comparative analysis of inflammatory and immunocompetent fied lung last cells, 405 cells in patients with, 400 Kyphoscoliosis, severe, inspiratory muscle function in patients Hypertension with, 48 endotoxin-induced pulmonary, relationship of increased lung Lambs serotonin levels to, in sheep, 1257 premature, ventilated, distribution of pulmonary blood flow in pulmonary, secondary to COPD, nifedipine dilates pulmonary relation to atelectasis in, 500 vasculature without producing symptomatic systemic hypo• surfactant-deficient, normalization of arterial blood gases after tension in upright resting and exercising patients with, 963 treatment of, with Tween 20, 1313 Hyperventilation Leukocyte intermittent positive-pressure, with high inflation pressures elastase produces pulmonary microvascular injury in rats, 880 -alpha-l-proteinase inhibitor complex, concentration of, in Hypotension, symptomatic systemic, nifedipine dilates pulmonary bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy subjects (Note), vasculature without, 963 913 Hypoxemia evidence that Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase does not determinants of, during acute phase pulmonary embolism, 332 inactivate bronchial inhibitor in presence of, 524 influence of, on tritiated digoxin plasma kinetics and tissue function, airway reversibility after prednisolone therapy in distribution in conscious dog, 504 chronic asthma is associated with alterations in, 1199 Hypoxia Leukopenia, alcoholism, and pneumococcal sepsis, 757 almitrine improves oxygenation when both awake and asleep Leukostasis, pulmonary, amphotericin B enhances, 602 in patient with, caused by chronic bronchitis and emphy• Leukotrienes C4 and D4, nifedipine inhibits bronchial smooth sema, 206 muscle contractions induced by, 299 enhances nonspecific bronchial reactivity, 839 Lipid eucapnic, effect of, on bronchomotor tone and on broncho• -laden alveolar macrophage as marker of aspiration in parenchy• motor response to dry air in asthmatic subjects, 690 mal lung disease, 576 histamine-induced reflex tracheal constriction is exaggerated interstitial cell of pulmonary alveolus, age and species differ• by, 287 ences of, 1307 SUBJECT INDEX 1395 Liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase or catalase, protec• erythematosus (case report), 926 tion against pulmonary oxygen toxicity in rats by intra• tissue, neutral metalloendopeptidase in, 564 tracheal administration of, 164 volume, fixed, and lung tissue shrinkage, effect of 10% formalin Loads fixation on, 1078 added inspiratory, effect of chronic lung disease on perception Lymphangiomyomatosis, pulmonary, successful treatment of, with of, 652 oophorectomy and progesterone (case report), 916 respiratory, detection of added, in patients with restrictive Lymphocyte lung disease, 1210 subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asbestos Lung(s) workers, 824 allograft rejection in rat, 168 subsets, T-, and immunoglobulin concentrations in broncho• autoradiographic visualization of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in, alveolar lavage of patients with sarcoidosis and high and 541 low intensity alveolitis, 1060 biopsy, lingular, 1084 Macrophages cancer, growth factors, and oncogenes (commentary), 178 alveolar

cell populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage, effects cytochrome B_245 in, 836 of chronic bronchitis and chronic air-flow obstruction fibrinolytic inhibitor of, and induction with endotoxin, 569 on, 254 lipid-laden, as marker of aspiration in parenchymal lung collagen accumulation, rat, prevention by zinc of, in carbon disease, 576 tetrachloride injury, 536 production of chemotactic factors by, and ultrastructure in disease modification by hyperoxia in vivo of endotoxin-induced chronic neutrophil alveolitis, 152 effect of, on perception of added inspiratory loads, 652 cultured human, effect of ethambutol on tubercle bacilli within, and nutrition (state of art), 1347 742 interstitial -ingested mycobacteria, killing of, by rifampicin, pyrazinamide, breathing during sleep in patients with, 224 and pyrazinoic acid alone and in combination, 1274 effect of changing instilled volume for bronchoalveolar mouse lavage in patients with, 390 alveolar, IgA-mediated phagocytosis by, 82 parenchymal, lipid-laden alveolar macrophage as marker of penetration of rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and pyrazinoic acid aspiration in, 576 into, 1268 restrictive, detection of added respiratory loads in patients newborn rabbit alveolar, are deficient in two microbicidal cationic with, 1210 peptides, MCP-1 and MCP-2, 901 excised stimulate DNA synthesis in rat alveolar type II cells, 1246 rabbit, alveolar pressure magnitude and asynchrony during Mastocytoma cells, purified dog, characterization of, 1019 high-frequency oscillation of, 343 Metabolism function and absorption of compounds used in initial intensive phase and exercise performance in smoking and nonsmoking as• of short-course antituberculosis regimens, 510 bestos-exposed workers, 612 amino acid, relationship between central nervous system hy• impairment, loss of alveolar attachments in smoker as a drogen ion regulation and, in hypercapnia II, 248 morphometric correlate of, 894 Metabolites, arachidonic acid, pharmacologic modulation of re• overall, abnormal ventilation scans in middle-aged smokers, lease of, from purified lung mast cells, 367 comparison with tests of, 148 Metalloendopeptidase, neutral, in lung tissue and culture cells, growth and development in anecephaly and hydranencephaly, 564 596 Metaplasia of hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema, cigarette smoke bronchial secretory cell, eglin-C prevents, in hamsters, 1155 impairs elastin resynthesis in, 640 secretory cell, effect of combined neutrophil cathepsin G and histology and bronchoalveolar lavage, 400 elastase on induction of, in hamsters, 362 infection, dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during, Methacholine in hamsters, 358 inhaled injury airway responsiveness to, in inbred, ragweed-sensitized dogs, acute, induced by cobra venom factor, attenuation by 2,3- 292 dihydroxybenzoic acid, in rat, 1288 slope of dose-response curve to, and PC20 in subjects with bleomycin-induced, in rabbit, analysis and correlation of symptoms of airway hyperexcitability, 644 bronchoalveolar lavage, morphometries, and fibroblast- limited bronchoconstriction to, using partial flow-volume curves stimulating activity in, 590 in nonasthmatics, 272 endotoxin-induced, effects of OKY-046, a selective throm• responsiveness, failure in vivo of, to correlate with cholinergic, boxane synthetase inhibitor, on, in unanesthetized sheep, adrenergic, or nonadrenergic responses in vitro, 30 494 Mice hyperoxic, and polyamine biosynthesis, age-related differ• alveolar macrophages, IgA-mediated phagocytosis by, 82 ences in, 354 antituberculosis activity of ofloxacin (DL 8280) on experimental structure-function correlation of early stage of, induced by tuberculosis in (Note), 915 intratracheal^ administered bleomycin in rabbit, 582 characteristics of pulmonary cellular immune response to two unresolved neonatal acute (state of art), 694 strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis in, 1319 rnast cells, purified, pharmacologic modulation of release of macrophages, penetration of rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and arachidonic acid metabolites from, 367 pyrazinoic acid into, 1268 rat, patterns of accumulation of platelets and neutrophils in, undergoing experimental pulmonary histoplasmosis, detection during exposure to 100 and 85% 02, 548 of histoplasmal antigens in, 752 regenerating rat, timing of quantitative recovery in, 777 Microembolism, thrombin-induced, pulmonary transvascular fluid serotonin levels, relationship of increased, to endotoxin-induced and protein exchange after, 70 pulmonary hypertension in sheep, 1257 Microvascular injury, pulmonary, intermittent positive-pressure shrinking, diaphragmatic dysfunction, and systemic lupus hyperventilation with high inflation pressures produced, 1396 SUBJECT INDEX in rat, 880 with pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD, 963 Monkey inhibits human bronchial smooth muscle contractions induced cynomologus, local pulmonary immune responsiveness after by leukotrienes C4 and D4, prostaglandin F2a, and potas• multiple antigenic exposure in, 657 sium, 299 pulmonary effects of acute vanadium pentoxide inhalation in, Nitrogen 1181 dioxide, acute effects of 0.12 ppm of, and 0.12 ppm ozone on rhesus, respiratory secretions, immunohistochemical character• pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adolescents, ization of, using monoclonal antibodies, 556 644 Morphometries, analysis and correlation of, in bleomycin-induced washout lung injury in rabbit, 590 and mortality, 115 Mucociliary function of central and peripheral airways, dis- during tidal breathing with superimposed high-frequency association in, of asymptomatic smokers, 633 chest wall oscillation, 350 Muscarinic antagonist, inhaled, rebound hyperresponsiveness to Normocapnia, stable, during high-frequency body surface oscilla• muscarinic stimulation after chronic therapy with, 12 tion in rabbits, 104 Muscle Nutrition and chronic lung disease (state of art), 1347 activity, respiratory, and thoracoabdominal motion during acute Ofloxacin (DL 8280), antituberculosis activity of, on experimen• episodes of asthma during sleep, 999 tal tuberculosis in mice (Note), 915 contractions, bronchial smooth, induced by leukotrienes C4 OKY-046, effects of, on endotoxin-induced lung injury in un- and D4, prostaglandin F2a, and potassium, nifedipine anesthetized sheep, 494 inhibits, 299 Oncogenes, growth factors, and (commentary), 178 dysfunction, respiratory, after Herpes zoster (case report), 1366 Oophorectomy and progesterone, successful treatment of pul• electromyogram, respiratory, relationship between rib cage mo• monary lymphangiomyomatosis with (case report), 916 tion and, in tetraplegia, 53 Oscillation function high-frequency inspiratory, in patients with severe kyphoscoliosis, 48 alveolar pressure magnitude and asynchrony during, of ex• ventilatory, during exercise in air and oxygen in patients with cised rabbit lungs, 343 chronic air-flow limitation, 236 body surface, stable normocapnia during, in rabbits, 104 genioglossal, effect of diazepam on, in normal subjects, 216 superimposed high-frequency chest wall, nitrogen washout dur• Mutational resistance as mechanism of acquired drug-resistance ing tidal breathing with, 350 to aminoglycosides and antibacterial agents in M fortui- Oxalic acid level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients tum and M. chelonei, 409 with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, 748 Mycobacteria Oximeters, ear, accuracy of 2, at rest and during exercise in pul• determination of in vitro susceptibility of, to ansamycin (Note), monary patients, 685 710 Oxygen macrophage-ingested, killing of, by rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and and air, ventilatory muscle function during exercise in, in pa• pyrazinoic acid alone and in combination, 1274 tients with chronic air-flow limitation, 236 Mycobacterium alveolar, influence of, on pulmonary vasoconstriction in new• avium-in tracellulare-scrofulaceum born lambs versus sheep, 326 complex, phage typing of, 386 consumption, independently measured, during reduction of and related species of mycobacteria, specificity and distribu• oxygen delivery by positive end-expiratory pressure, 788 tion of alpha antigens of, 173 extraction, tissue, regulation of, is disturbed in ARDS, 109 fortuitum and M. chelonei, mutational resistance as mechanism -induced lung injury, role of, in dissemination of Pseudomonas of acquired drug-resistance to aminoglycosides and anti• aeruginosa during lung infection in hamsters, 358 bacterial agents in, 409 low-flow, shift from central and mixed sleep apnea to obstruc• intracellular, dynamic aspects of in vitro chemotherapeutic tive sleep apnea resulting from, 220 activity of ansamycin on, 1278 100 and 85%, patterns of accumulation of platelets and neu• Nasal trophils in rat lungs during exposure to, 548 epithelial cells, growth and differentiation of, in serum-free, toxicity, pulmonary, protection against, in rats by intratracheal hormone-supplemented medium and proteoglycan synthesis, administration of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dis- 311 mutase or catalase, 164 resistance, dynamic components of, 1229 Oxygenation National Institutes of Health intermittent positive-pressure breath• almitrine improves, when both awake and asleep in patients ing trial, 937, 946 with hypoxia and C02 retention caused by chronic bron• Neonatal acute lung injury, unresolved (state of art), 694 chitis and emphysema, 206 Neostigmine, effects of, on hypercapnic depression of diaphrag• and breathing during sleep are similar in normal men and normal matic contractility, 241 women, 86 Neutrophil(s) Ozone amphotericin B causes aggregation of, 602 acute effect of 0.12 ppm, or 0.12 ppm nitrogen dioxide on pul• cathepsin G and elastase, effect of combined, on induction monary function in healthy and asthmatic adolescents, 648 of secretory cell metaplasia and emphysema in hamsters, exposure, 0.12 ppm, respiratory responses to vigorously exer• 362 cising children to, 875 -elastase -induced bronchial hyperreactivity in guinea pigs is abolished by -induced emphysema, eglin-C prevents, in hamsters, 1155 BW 755C or FPL 55712, but not by indomethacin, 10-05 -releasing factors in bronchoalveolar lavage for patients with response relationship in healthy nonsmokers, 36 ARDS, 1098 , lung, a dynamic matrix (Amberson lecture), 1324 patterns of accumulation of, in rat lungs during exposure to PC20, slope of dose-response curve to inhaled histamine and 100 and 85% 02, 548 methacholine and, in subjects with symptoms of airway differential inhibition of bronchoconstriction by, 666 hyperexcitability, 644 dilates pulmonary vasculature without producing symptomatic Pectus excavatum, rib cage mobility in, 1223 systemic hypotension in upright and exercising patients Peptides, two microbicidal cationic (MCP-1 and MCP-2), newborn SUBJECT INDEX 1397 rabbit alveolar macrophages are deficient in, 901 Prostaglandin(s) Peru, results of 8- and 12-month antituberculosis regimens in, 737 do they have a role in breathlessness? 22 Phage typing of M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex, release and neural control, role of, in limited maximal airway 386 narrowing in nonasthmatic subjects, 865 Phagocyte-mediated oxidative inactivation of alpha-l-protease F2a, nifedipine inhibits bronchial smooth muscle contractions inhibitor, protective effects of ascorbate, cysteine, and dap- induced by, 299 sone on, 1049 Protease-antiprotease hypothesis, current assessment of, in elas- Phagocytosis, IgA-mediated, by mouse alveolar macrophages, 82 tases and emphysema (state of art), 417 Phenotype(s) Protein associated with hereditary predisposition to pulmonary emphy• exchange and pulmonary transvascular fluid after thrombin- sema, 821 induced microembolism, 70 HLA-A, -B, and -DR, and tuberculosis, 382 pure, studies with, and evidence that Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phlegm, persistent, prevalence of, in young adults in relation to elastase does not inactivate bronchial inhibitor in presence long-term ambient sulfur oxide exposure, 261 of leukocyte elastase, 524 Phonopneumography, effect of anticholinergic treatment on post- Proteoglycan synthesis, growth and differentiation of nasal epi• exertional wheezing in asthma studied by, 16 thelial cells in serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium Plasma kinetics, tritiated digoxin, influence of hypoxemia on, in and, 311 conscious dog, 504 Proteolysis and pulmonary emphysema (editorial), 205 Plasmid analysis, mutational frequencies, and aminoglycoside- Proteolytic destruction of lung connective tissue, biochemical modifying enzyme assays, 409 and pathologic evidence for, in cystic fibrosis, 529 Platelets, patterns of accumulation of, in rat lungs during ex• Pseudomonas aeruginosa posure to 100 and 85% 02, 548 dissemination of, during lung infection in hamsters, 358 Pleural effusions, relationship of, to pulmonary hemodynamics in elastase does not inactivate bronchial inhibitor in presence patients with congestive heart failure, 1253 leukocyte elastase, 524 Pneumoconiosis, prevalence of radiographic appearance of, in Pulmonary unexposed blue collar population (correspondence), 1139 circulation, politics (editorial), 1152 Pneumocystis carinii disease, chronic obstructive radiographically simulating tuberculosis, 1124 airway reactivity in, 30 utility of gallium-67 scintigraphy and bronchial washings in determinants of maximal inspiratory pressure in, 42 diagnosis and treatment of, in patients with AIDS, 1087 effects of acute bronchoconstriction on respiratory activity Pneumonia in patients with, 722 focal, serologic diagnosis of, caused by Cryptococcus neofor• increases in intrathoracic pressure do not explain rise in left mans (case report), 189 ventricular end-diastolic pressure that occurs during exer• Pneumocystis carinii cise in patients with, 623 radiographically simulating tuberculosis, 1124 nifedipine dilates pulmonary vasculature without producing utility of gallium-67 scintigraphy and bronchial washings symptomatic systemic hypotension in upright resting and in diagnosis and treatment of, in patients with AIDS, 1087 exercising patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary Pneumonitis to, 963 chronic hypersensitivity, cyclosporine immunomodulation in prevalence and nature of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in, 25 rabbit model of, 1027 respiratory diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage in, occurring after pressure sensation and its relation to changes in breathing allogenic bone marrow transplantation, 1118 pattern and Pco2 during acute increase in airway resistance hypersensitivity, comparative analysis of inflammatory and in patients with, 1214 immunocompetent cells in patients with, 400 sensation in, 954 murine cytomegalovirus interstitial alteration of bronchoalveo• responses to large doses of salbutamol and theophylline in lar cells during, 77 patients with, 871 Polyamine biosynthesis and hyperoxic lung injury, age-related function differences in, 354 acute effects of 0.12 ppm ozone or 0.12 ppm nitrogen dioxide Polymorphonuclear leukocyte responsiveness, effect of procaterol on, in healthy and asthmatic adolescents, 648 treatment on, 1194 and peripheral airway disease in patients with mineral dust Ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves), bronchoalveolar or fume exposure, 1294 lavage in, 1066 in relation to total dust exposure at Bauxite refinery and Positive end-expiratory pressure, independently measured oxygen alumina-based chemical products plant, 1174 consumption during reduction of oxygen delivery by, 788 mechanics, effects of fish-oil-enriched diet on, during ana• Potassium, nifedipine inhibits bronchial smooth muscle contractions phylaxis, 1204 induced by, 299 transvascular fluid and protein exchange after thrombin-induced Prednisone microembolism, 70 inhibits late asthmatic reactions and associated increase in air• vascular tone, effects of eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors on, way responsiveness induced by toluene-diisocyanate in sensi• in dogs, 93 tized subjects, 1010 Pyrazinamide therapy, airway reversibility after, in chronic asthma is as• killing of macrophage-ingested mycobacteria by, 1274 sociated with alterations in leukocyte function, 1199 penetration of, into mouse macrophages, 1268 Procaterol treatment, effect of, on beta-adrenergic bronchodilation Pyrazinoic acid and polymorphonuclear leukocyte responsiveness, 1194 killing of macrophage-ingested mycobacteria by, 1274 Progesterone and oophorectomy, successful treatment of pulmonary penetration of, into mouse macrophages, 1268 lymphangiomyomatosis with (case report), 916 Rabbit(s) Propranolol, pulmonary extraction of, in patients with ARDS, acute cigarette smoke exposure increases alveolar permeability 479 in, 321 Prostacyclin, role of, in high-frequency ventilation attenuation alveolar macrophages, newborn, are deficient in two micro• of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, 99 bicidal cationic peptides, MCP-1 and MCP-2, 901 1398 SUBJECT INDEX bleomycin-induced lung injury in, analysis and correlation of comparative analysis of inflammatory and immunocompetent bronchoalveolar lavage, morphometries, and fibroblast- cells in patients with, 400 stimulating activity, 590 pulmonary lungs, excised, alveolar pressure magnitude and asynchrony immunocompetent cells in bronchoalveolar lavage reflect cell during high-frequency oscillations of, 343 populations in transbronchial biopsies in, 1300 model of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cyclosporine prediction of therapeutic response in steroid-treated, 65 immunomodulation in, 1027 steroid-treated pulmonary, prediction of therapeutic response stable normocapnia during high-frequency body surface oscil• in (correspondence), 1139 lation in, 104 T-lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin concentrations in structure-function correlation of early stages of lung injury bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with, 1060 induced by intratracheal^ administered bleomycin in, 582 Scans Ragweed-sensitized dogs, inbred, airway responsiveness to inhaled abnormal, ventilation in middle-aged smokers, 148 antigen, histamine, and methacholine in, 292 gallium-67 Rat(s) lung, evaluation of, in prediction of therapeutic response in alveolar type II cells, macrophages stimulate DNA synthesis in, steroid-treated pulmonary sarcoidosis, 65 1246 value of, in pulmonary tuberculosis, 746 attenuation by 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid of acute lung injury Scintigraphy, gallium-67, utility of, in diagnosis and treatment induced by cobra venom factor in, 1288 of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with intermittent positive-pressure hyperventilation with high infla• AIDS, 1086 tion pressures produces pulmonary microvascular injury Sea urchins to chromosomes and cancer, from (editorial), 935 in, 880 Sepsis, pneumococcal, alcoholism, and leukopenia, 757 lung Serotonin collagen accumulation, prevention by zinc of, in carbon tetra• levels, increased lung, relationship of, to endotoxin-induced chloride injury, 536 pulmonary hypertension in sheep, 1257 patterns of accumulation of platelets and neutrophils in, pulmonary extraction of, in patients with ARDS, 479 during exposure to 100 and 85% 02, 548 Serum regenerating, timing of quantitative recovery in, 777 alpha-l-proteinase inhibitor, smoking does not reduce functional modification by hyperoxia in vivo of endotoxin-induced neu• activity of, 818 trophil alveolitis in, 152 angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, evaluation of, in predic• protection against pulmonary oxygen toxicity in, by intratracheal tion of therapeutic response in steroid-treated pulmonary administration of liposome-encapsulated superoxide dis- sarcoidosis, 65 mutase or catalase, 164 antiproteases in smokers and nonsmokers, 1162 pulmonary clearance of "mTcDTPA, cigarette-smoke-induced samples from patients with ARDS, neutral endopeptidase in, changes in, 1170 compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme, 1262 , continuous, effects of swallowing pattern of, in usefulness of tumor markers in, of patients undergoing fiber• adults, 1219 optic bronchoscopy, 60 Respiratory Sheep activity, effects of acute bronchoconstriction on, in patients with influence of alveolar oxygen on pulmonary vasoconstriction in COPD (correspondence), 722 newborn lambs versus, 326 disturbances, sleep-related, sleep-wake complaints in patients relationship of increased lung serotonin levels to endotoxin- with, 520 induced pulmonary hypertension, 1257 effects of photochemical oxidant air pollution in exercising unanesthetized, effects of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane syn• adolescents, 619 thetase inhibitor, on endotoxin-induced lung injury in, 494 impedance measurements, upper airway artifact in (Note), 712 Single-breath diffusing capacity, reference equations for, 806 pressure sensation and its relation to changes in breathing pat• Sleep apnea. See Apnea tern and Pco2 during acute increase in airway resistance Sleep in COPD, 1214 breathing responses of vigorously exercising children to 0.12 ppm ozone during, in patients with interstitial lung disease, 224 exposure, 875 and oxygenation during, are similar in normal men and nor• secretions, rhesus monkey, immunohistochemical characteriza• mal women, 86 tion of, using monoclonal antibodies, 556 deprivation, effect of, on activity of genioglossus, 1242 sensation in COPD, 954 effects of nasal anesthesia on breathing during, 972 Rhinovirus infection, experimental, exacerbations of asthma in respiratory muscle activity and thoracoabdominal motion dur• adults during, 976 ing acute episodes of asthma during, 999 Rib cage -wake complaints in patients with sleep-related respiratory dis• and abdominal displacements, contributions of, to hyperinfla• turbances, 520 tion of acute bronchospasm, 679 Smoke mechanics in simulated diaphragmatic paralysis, 793 cigarette mobility in pectus excavatum, 1223 augmentation of elastase-induced emphysema by, 885 motion, relationship between respiratory muscle electromyogram changes in rat pulmonary clearance of "mTcDTPA induced and, in tetraplegia, 53 by, 1170 Rifabutine, dynamic aspects of in vitro chemotherapeutic activity exposure, acute, increases alveolar permeability in rabbits, of, on M. intracellular, 1278 321 Rifampicin impairs elastin resynthesis in lungs of hamsters with elastase- killing of macrophage-ingested mycobacteria by, 1274 induced emphysema, 640 penetration of, into mouse macrophages, 1268 tobacco, pattern of inhalation of, in pipe, cigarette, and never RPM or RCF? (correspondence), 1371 smokers, 628 Salbutamol, responses to large doses of, in patients with COPD, 871 Smokers Sarcoidosis abnormal ventilation scans in middle-aged, 148 INDEX-SUBJECTS 1399 asymptomatic, disassociation in mucociliary function of cen• and rib cage motion in, 53 tral and peripheral airways of, 633 Theophylline loss of alveolar attachments in, 894 responses to large doses of, in patients with COPD, 871 nor.-, domain spirogram indices and their variability and ref• sustained-release, reduces dyspnea in nonreversible obstructive erence values in, 1041 airway disease (correspondence), 195 and nonsmokers, serum antiproteases in, 1162 Thrombin-induced microembolism, pulmonary transvascular fluid patterns of spirogram abnormality in, 1034 and protein exchange after, 70 Smoking Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046), selective, effects of, cigarette, and health (ATS statement), 1133 on endotoxin-induced lung injury in unanesthetized sheep, does not reduce function activity of serum alpha-l-proteinase 494 inhibitor, 818 Tissue and nonsmoking asbestos-exposed workers, lung function and distribution, influence of hypoxemia on, in conscious dog, 504 exercise performance in, 612 lung Snoring subjects with and without obstructive sleep apnea, connective, biochemical and pathologic evidence for proteo• pharyngeal compliance in, 211 lytic destruction of, in cystic fibrosis, 529 Spirogram(s) neutral metalloendopeptidase in, 564 abnormality, patterns of, in smokers, 1034 oxygen extraction, regulation of, is disturbed in ARDS, 109 how many, for a histamine challenge? 268 shrinkage, lung, effects of 10% formalin fixation on, 1078 indices, domain, variability and reference values in nonsmok• Toluene diisocyanate ers of, 1041 airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation induced by, in Spirometry guinea pigs, 1106 effect of anticholinergic treatment on postexertional wheezing prednisone inhibits late asthmatic reactions and associated in• in asthma studied by phonopneumography and, 16 crease in airway responsiveness induced by, 1010 standards effects of, on two occupational cohorts, 120 , increase in size of, with age, 784 Sputum, cystic fibrosis, aminoglycoside penetration, inactivation, Transplantation, allogeneic bone marrow, diagnostic yield of bron• and efficacy in, 761 choalveolar lavage in pneumonitis occurring after, 1118 STATE OF ART Trauma, cutaneous, and blastomycosis (correspondence), 931 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: unresolved neonatal acute lung Trudeau medal for 1985, 719 injury, 694 Tubercule bacilli within cultured human macrophages, effect of Elastases and emphysema: current assessment of protease-anti- ethambutol on, 742 protease hypothesis, 417 Tuberculin Nutrition and chronic lung disease, 1347 conversions in Indochinese refugees, assessment of boosting and Steroid anergy in, 516 therapy, long-term, in vitro resistance to dexamethasone of skin testing, annual, choosing appropriate cutting point for basophils from patients receiving, 1015 conversion in, 379 -treated pulmonary sarcoidosis, prediction of therapeutic re• test sponse in, 65 re-emphasis on clinical judgment (commentary), 177 (correspondence), 1139 variability with Mantoux procedure (commentary), 175 Sulfur oxide exposure, long-term ambient, prevalence of persistent Tuberculosis cough and phlegm in young adults in relation to, 261 cases with drug-resistant and drug-susceptible bacilli, infection Superoxide dismutase, liposome-encapsulated, protection against and disease among contacts of, 125 pulmonary oxygen toxicity in rats by intratracheal admin• epidemiology of, in chronic care population, 133 istration of, 164 experimental, antituberculosis activity of ofloxacin (DL 8280) Surfactant-deficient lambs, normalization of arterial blood gases on, in mice (Note), 915 after treatment of, with Tween 20, 1313 and HLA-A, -B, and -DR phenotypes, 382 Swallowing, effects of, on pattern of continuous respiration in operational evaluation of treatment for, and results of 8- and adults, 1219 12-month regimens in Peru, 737 Syndrome Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia radiographically simulating, acquired immune deficiency, utility of gallium-67 scintigraphy 1124 and bronchial washings in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in, 1087 clinical trial of three 6-month regimens of chemotherapy adult respiratory distress given intermittently in continuation phase of treatment causes of mortality in patients with, 485 of, 374 chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from value of gallium-67 scanning in, 746 patients with, 490 regimens indicators of risk, course, and prognosis (editorial), 471 anti-, pharmacokinetic studies on, 510 neutral endopeptidase in serum samples from patients with, short-course anti-, absorption and metabolism of compounds compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme, 1262 used in initial intensive phase of, 510 neutrophil elastase-releasing factors in bronchoalveolar lavage Tumor markers, usefulness of, in serum and bronchoalveolar la• from patients with, 1098 vage of patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, 60 prognosis after onset, 472 Tween 20, normalization of arterial blood gases after treatment of pulmonary extraction of serotonin and propranolol in patients surfactant-deficient lambs with, 1313 with, 479 Twins, monozygotic, age-related variation of respiratory chemo- regulation of tissue oxygen extraction is disturbed in, 109 sensitivity in, 89 Systemic lupus erythematosus, shrinking lung, diaphragmatic Ultrastructure and production of chemotactic factors by alveolar dysfunction, and (case report), 926 macrophages in modification by hyperoxia in vivo of endo• "mTcDTPA, cigarette-smoke-induced changes in rat pulmonary toxin-induced neutrophil alveolitis in rats, 152 clearance of, 1170 Urinary excretion of desmosine in subjects with PiZZ alpha-1- Tetraplegia, relationship between respiratory muscle electromyogram antitrypsin deficiency, 821 1400 INDEX-SUBJECTS Vanadium pentoxide inhalation, pulmonary effects of acute, in Vermont granite workers, healthy, mineral dust and cell recovery monkeys, 1181 from bronchoalveolar lavage of, 393 Vasculature, pulmonary, nifedipine dilates, without producing Virus-provoked airway hyperreactivity, use of guinea pig as model symptomatic systemic hypotension in upright resting and for, 305 exercising patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary Volume, instilled, effect of changing, for bronchoalveolar lavage to COPD, 963 in patients with interstitial lung disease, 390 Vasoconstriction Walking performance, effects of large carbohydrate load on, in hypoxic pulmonary, high-frequency ventilation attenuation of, chronic air-flow obstruction, 960 and role of prostacyclin, 99 Wheezing, postexertional, effect of anticholinergic treatment on, in pulmonary, influence of alveolar oxygen on, in newborn lambs asthma studied by phonopneumography and spirometry, versus sheep, 326 16 Ventilation Will Ross medal for 1985, 719 attenuation, high-frequency, of hypoxic pulmonary vasocon• Workers striction, role of prostacyclin in, 99 asbestos intermittent mandatory, does it correct respiratory alkalosis in comparison of ferruginous body and uncoated fiber content patients receiving assisted mechanical ventilation, 1071 in lungs of former, 143 mechanical, effect of gas leak around endotracheal tube on -exposed, lung function and exercise performance in smoking mean tracheal pressure during, 339 and nonsmoking, 612 prediction of, at maximal exercise in chronic air-flow obstruc• lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tion, 230 in, 824 scans, abnormal, in middle-aged smokers, 148 blue collar, prevalence of radiographic appearance of pneumo• Ventilator mode, mechanical, effect of, on tendency toward respi• coniosis in unexposed (correspondence), 1139 ratory alkalosis in, 1075 grain, rapid decline in FEV, in, in relation to level of dust Ventilatory exposure, 814 response healthy Vermont granite, mineral dust and cell recovery from to hypercapnia, premorbid, is not related to resting arterial bronchoalveolar lavage of, 393 C02 tension in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema, Workshop 1055 of the Division of Lung Diseases: definition of emphysema steady-state hypoxic, almitrine increases, in hypoxic chronic (workshop summary), 182 air-flow obstruction, 1233 on investigative use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and broncho• Ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left, that occurs during exer• alveolar lavage in asthmatics (workshop summary), 180 cise in patients with COPD, increases in intrathoracic pres• Zinc, prevention by, of rat lung collagen accumulation in carbon sure do not explain rise in, 623 tetrachloride injury, 536 Verapamil, differential inhibition of bronchoconstriction by, 666 Notes

The Concentration of Leukocyte Elastase-ol-Proteinase Inhibitor Complex in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids from Healthy Human Subjects13

MARIANNE JOCHUM, ANTOINE PELLETIER, CHRISTIAN BOUDIER, GABRIELLE PAULI, and JOSEPH G. BIETH

The protease-antiprotease theory of pulmo• nary emphysema holds that alveolar struc• SUMMARY Although a1-proteinase inhibitor (a1-antitrypsin) is widely thought to protect lung elastin tures may be destroyed by proteases such as against the elastolytic action of leukocyte elastase, there is only circumstantial evidence for such neutrophil elastase but are normally protected a protective role. We have demonstrated and quantified elastase-ol-proteinase inhibitor complex from destruction by elastase inhibitors such in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy smokers and nonsmokers using a new enzyme-linked as al-proteinase inhibitor (alPI). There is, immunosorbent assay. The relative concentration of complex is 0.36 ± 0.48 mmol/mol albumin however, only circumstantial evidence in fa• in nonsmokers and 0.33 ± 0.29 mmol/mol albumin in smokers. Less than 1% of lavage fluid a1- vor of this theory. For instance, emphysema proteinase inhibitor is complexed with elastase (0.31% in nonsmokers and 0.34% in smokers). This may be induced in animals with large doses proportion is, however, much higher than in normal plasma where only approximately 0.006% of of neutrophil elastase (1), and inherited defi• inhibitor is bound to elastase. Our data confirm that a1-proteinase inhibitor efficiently acts as an ciency of alPI is linked to a high frequency antielastase barrier in the lower . AM REV RESPIR DIS 1985; 132:913-914 of this disease (2). By contrast, demonstra• tion of elastase-alPI complex in the lower res• elastase-alPI concentration. The preparation of this In vitro studies have shown that cigarette piratory tract would provide direct evidence solution is described in detail in the report by Neu• smoke condensate releases elastase from neu• that elastase is released and inhibited at the mann and coworkers (6). Calibration curves iden• trophils (7). It is therefore surprising that the alveolar level. Recently, 2 groups of investi• tical to those reported by these investigators were smokers did not have higher amounts of gators have developed enzyme-linked im• always obtained. To determine whether ultrafiltra• munosorbent assays for the quantitation of tion impairs the measurement of elastase-alPI, we elastase-alPI complex than did the nonsmok• human leukocyte elastase-alPI complexes (3, used 3 lavage fluids collected from polytraumatized ers. This might in part be due to the short patients, and we measured the concentration of smoking history of the volunteers (8.5 ± 4.9 4). We therefore decided to use one of these complex before and after 5-fold fluid concentra• pack-years). It is also possible that some of methods (3) to measure the amount of tion by ultrafiltration (in these fluids the elastase- the elastase-üTPI complexes formed during elastase-alPI complex in bronchoalveolar la• alPI concentration was sufficiently high to allow smoking disappeared from the lung surface vage fluids from healthy human smokers and the assay to be performed on unconcentrated sam• during the 24-h nonsmoking period that nonsmokers. ples). The 3 concentrations of complex expressed preceded the smokers' lavages. Further experi• The 17 lavage fluids used in this study are part as microgram of elastase per milliliter of uncon• ments are required to clarify this point. of the 20 samples collected and described previ• centrated fluid, were 0.81, 1.04, 6.38, and 0.86, 1.01, ously (5). Briefly, a B3 fibroscope (Olympus Corp. 6.14 before and after ultrafiltration, respectively. * * * of America, New Hyde Park, NY) was wedged into These data show that the concentration process does the distal branch of the lingula, and five 60-ml por• not significantly distort the data. The mean absolute concentration of com• tions of saline were infused into the lung and re• All lavage fluids except 1 contained detect• plexed elastase in the 17 samples is 4.2 ng/ml. covered in a vacuum trap (mean recovery, 50 ± able amounts of elastase-alPI complex. The Taking into account the mean volume of la• 10%). The 5 samples were pooled, centrifuged, and vage fluids (150 ml), we get an average of ap• frozen until used. After thawing, they were con• absolute concentrations ranged from 0 to 15.6 proximately 600 ng of alPI-bound elastase centrated 5-fold by Amicon UM2 ultrafiltration ng elastase/ml in nonsmokers and from 0.6 per lavage. Because neutrophils contain about (Amicon Corp., Lexington, MA). to 7 ng elastase/ml in smokers. The relative 3.5 \xg elastase per 106 cells (8), the aforemen• The mean age of the 8 nonsmokers and of the concentrations (mean ± SD) were 0.36 ± 0.48 tioned amount of elastase corresponds to 0.17 9 smokers was 27.8 ± 10.8 yr and 25 ± 2.9 yr, mmol elastase-alPI/mol albumin in non- x 106 neutrophils, i.e., to 60% of the neu- respectively. The smokers (smoking rate, 8.5 ± 4.9 smokers and 0.33 ± 0.29 mmol elastase pack-years) did not smoke for at least 24 h before alPI/mol albumin in smokers. The relative lavage. The nonsmokers' and the smokers' fluids concentrations of immunoreactive (total) alPI (Received in original form September 24, 1984 and contained 12.1 ± 7.2 x 106 and 28.7 ± 18.5 x were 88 ± 34 mmol alPI/mol albumin in in revised form April 24, 1985) 106 alveolar macrophages and 0.28 ± 0.14 x 106 nonsmokers and 92 ± 27 mmol alPI/mol and 0.28 ± 0.51 x 106 polymorphonuclear neu• 1 From INSERM Unite 237, Faculte de Phar- trophils per lavage, respectively. albumin in smokers (5). Hence, the percent• macie, Universite Louis Pasteur, and Service de The elastase-crlPI concentration was determined age of elastase-bound alPI was 0.31 ± 0.31 Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, on the concentrated fluids using the enzyme-linked in nonsmokers and 0.34 ± 0.24 in smokers. Strasbourg, France, and Abteilung für Klinische immunosorbent assay described in detail by Neu• The individual values obtained for the 2 Chemie und Klinische Biochemie in der Chirur• mann and coworkers (6). Briefly, the samples were groups of subjects are shown in figure 1; this gischen Klinik der Universität München, D 8000, added to microtitration plates coated with sheep confirms that both relative concentrations of München, FRG. antielastase IgG. This antibody does not cross-react elastase-alPI complex are very scattered. 2 Supported by grants from the INSERM (CRL with cathepsin G and other neutrophil proteinases. Thus, smokers and nonsmokers have very 815021, CRL 815030, and CP 810121), from the Fon- After incubation and washing, the solid phase- similar levels of complex. In addition, the con• dation pour la Recherche Medicale, and from the bound elastase-alPI complexes were reacted with Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft München (Son• alkaline phosphatase-labeled rabbit anti-alPI IgG. centration of elastase-alPI complex does not derforschungsbereich 0207, LP8). After further washings, p-nitrophenylphosphate significantly correlate with the smoking rate 3 Requests for reprints should be addressed to was added to measure the amount of solid phase- (pack-years) or with the concentration of poly• Dr. Joseph G. Bieth, INSERM Unite 237, Faculte bound elastase-alPI complexes. The assay was morphonuclear leukocytes present in the la• de Pharmacie, B.P. 10, 67048 Strasbourg-Cedex, calibrated using a standard solution of known vage fluids. France. 913 914 NOTES

E-o^PI/albumin ( mmole/mole ) trophils recovered per lavage in our popula• 2. Laurell CB, Eriksson S. The electrophoretic al- tion of healthy subjects. The amount of globulin pattern of serum in al-antitrypsin defi• elastase-alPI complex must therefore be con• ciency. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1963; 15:132-40.

" o O1 l sidered as high despite the fact that it 3. Neumann S, Hennrich N, Gunzer G, Lang H. represents only 0.3% of total alPI. It must Enzyme-linked immunoassay for elastase from leu• > kocytes in human plasma. J Clin Chem Clin Bio- . .. 1 also be emphasized that in normal plasma S N only about 0.006% of alPI is complexed to chem 1981; 19:232. neutrophil elastase (4, 6). Our data therefore 4. Brower MS, Harpel PC. Alpha-l-antitrypsin- CO human leukocyte elastase complexes in blood:quan- - • • suggest that even in healthy persons there is tification by an enzyme-linked differential antibody massive liberation of neutrophil elastase in immunosorbent assay and comparison with alpha- the lower respiratory tract and that alPI effi• 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes. Blood 1983; CD ciently acts as an antielastase barrier. 61:842-9. • J • The present data also show that in vivo 5. Boudier C, Pelletier A, Pauli G, Bieth JG. The S N complex formation between alPI and neu• functional activity of o-l-proteinase inhibitor in trophil elastase does not account for the high bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy human CO proportion of functionally inactive alPI pres• smokers and non-smokers. Clin Chim Acta 1983; • ••! • • ent in lung lavage fluids (5). Other factors such 132:309-15. •• • 1 • • as proteolytic degradation (9) might be 6. Neumann S, Hennrich N, Gunzer G, Lang H. 1O 1O l responsible for the partial inactivity of alPI. Enzyme-linked immunoassay for human granulo• cyte elastase-crl-proteinase inhibitor complex. In: Goldberg DM, Werner M, eds. Progress in clinical E-^PI/^PI ( mole/molexlOO ) Ackno w ledg men t enzymology. II. New York; Masson Publishers, The writers thank Dr. S. Neumann and H. Lang, 1983; 293-8. Fig. 1 Relative concentrations of elastase-olPI complex Biochemical Research Institute, Merck, Darmstadt, 7. Blue ML, Janoff A. Possible mechanisms of (E-a1PI) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from 8 non- FRG for supplying the reagents for the immunoas• emphysema in cigarette smokers. Release of elastase smokers (NS) and 9 smokers (S). Horizontal bars indi• say of elastase-olPI complex. cate mean values. A. The data are expressed relative from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cig• to the concentration of albumin (5). Mean ± SD = 0.36 arette smoke condensate in vitro. Am Rev Respir References ± 0.48 mmol elastase-a1PI/mol albumin in nonsmok- Dis 1978; 117:317-25. ers and 0.33 ± 0.29 mmol elastase-a1PI/mol albumin 1. Janoff A, Sloan B, Weinbaum G, et al Ex• 8. Ohlsson K. Interactions between granulocyte in smokers. B. The data are expressed relative to the perimental emphysema induced with purified hu• proteases and protease inhibitors in the lung. Clin concentration of immunoreactive (total) a1PI (5). Mean man neutrophil elastase. Tissue localization of the Respir Physiol 1980; 16(Suppl):209-22. ± SD = 0.31 ± 0.31% elastase-bound olPI in non- instilled protease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977; 9. Travis J, Salvesen GS. Human plasma proteinase smokers and 0.34 ± 0.24% elastase-bound alPI in 115:461-78. inhibitors. Annu Rev Biochem 1983; 52:655-709. smokers.